Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2638 965965 920298 2026-10-10T21:41:02Z Nura Bello 24854 965965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|thumb|250px|Tuta Misra]] [[File:Egypt in its region (undisputed).svg|thumb|250px|Taswirar kasar Misra]] [[File:XIMB New Academic Block.JPG|thumb|Kasar masar]] [[File:Thebes, Medinet Habu, Egypt, Temple of Ramesses III, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Ancient Egypt.jpg|thumb|wani gini amisira]] Ƙasar '''Misra,''' ko '''Masar''' tana kudu maso, gabashin [[Afrika]], kuma tana kudu maso yammacin [[Asiya]] [https://www.ucl.ac.uk/3dpetriemuseum/stories/ancient-life/egyptian-life/egyptian-identity.html] ɗaya daga cikin muhimman siffofin da take taƙama da su shi ne na kasancewa ta a kan mararraba, ta kusa da nahiyar [[Turai]]. Sannan kuma tana matsayin ƙasar da ta kasance mashiga tsakanin [[Afirka]] da nahiyar [[Asiya]]. Har ila yau kuma, ita ce kuma ta haɗa hanyar safara ta cikin ruwa, tsakanin tekun Mediterrenean da tekun [[Indiya]] ta hanyar [[Bahar Maliya]]. [[File:Palace of Westminster at dusk from Westminster Bridge.jpg|thumb|masar]] Dalar Giza da ke birnin [[Al-ƙahira]]r Kasar. Misra ko ƙasar Masar dai ta kasance ƙasa mafi yawan al'umma a cikin dukkanin ƙasashen [[Larabawa]], kuma babban birninta wato birnin [[Al'ƙahira]] shi ne birni mafi girma a [[nahiyar Afirka ]]tun ƙarnoni da dama da suka gabata. Sannan kuma har ila yau, ga ta a ƙarshen [[kogin nilu]], wanda shi ne kogi mafi girma a duniya. Saboda haka, idan aka yi la'akari da waɗannan dalilai na tarihi, to za a iya fahimtar dalilin da ya sa matsayin ƙasar Misra yake da ƴar rikitarwa. Su ma kansu Misirawan a tsakanin su, sukan kasance cikin ruɗani a game da batun nahiyar da ya kamata su yi tutiya da ita a matsayin nahiyarsu. Ga su dai a cikin kwazazzabon [[nilu]], da mediterenean, da Sahara, har ila yau kuma ga su cikin duniyar [[Musulmai]], dukkan waɗannan siffofi, siffofi ne da kuma ba kasafai ya kamata a ce wata ƙasa guda ɗaya ta haɗa su ba. To, sai dai duk da haka za a iya cewa, '''mafi yawan faɗin ƙasar yana ɓangaren nahiyar Afirka''' ne. To, amma fa duk da haka ana kallon garuruwan da suke lardin Sinai na ƙasar Misiran a matsayin ɓangaren nahiyar [[Asiya]], kasancewar su, suna yankin gabashin ƙasar ne. Kogin [[Nilu]] wanda shi ne kogi mafi girma a fadin duniya. A zamanin da can, dangantakar Misra da ƙasashen da ke Afirka na da matukar ƙarfi. To amma tun lokacin da [[Siriyawa]] da ke ƙarƙashin daular [[Rumawa]] suka mamaye Misira, a ƙarni na bakwai kafin zuwan [[Annabi Isa]] Alaihissalam, sai Misira ta fuskanta zuwa ga Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ta fuskar harkokin al'adunta, da na addininta da na siyasarta da kuma na tattalin arzikinta. Kuma mafiya yawan [[Misirawa]] suna danganta kansu ne da Larabawa kuma ƴan Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Har ila yau, kuma wasu da yawa daga cikinsu, kusan ace waɗanda suke su ne 'yan asalin ƙasar ta Misira, waɗanda kuma aka fi sani da Nubiyawa, suna danganta kansu ne da [[Afirka]]. Hasali ma suna iƙirarin su jinin Afirka ne. [[File:Misra Yantra in JantarMantar.jpg|thumb|masar]] Babu shakka dai idan aka bi salsala ta tarihi, shekaru kimanin 200 da suka gabata, Misra tana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ƙasashe irin su [[Sudan]] da [[Habasha]] da [[Libya]] da ma wasu ƙasashe da dama na nahiyar ta Afirka. Kuma ba tare da wani kokwanto ba, Misra za ta cigaba da cin tudu biyu, a matsayinta na ruwa-biyu, wato ga ta dai 'yar Afirka, kuma 'yar yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana daga cikin tarihin Misira kasancewarta [[File:AbdelFattah Elsisi (cropped).jpg|thumb|Abdel Fattah El-Sisi shugaban kasar na yanzu]] gari na farko a tarihi da sheɗan da kansa ya bayyana ga azzalumin sarki Fir'auna a lokacin da Fir'auna ya ce shi Ubangiji ne. == Tarihi == Ƙasar na da matukar tarihin gaske a yankin Afirka da duniya gabaki ɗaya. <gallery> File:Egypt.Cairo.EgyptianMuseum.01.jpg|Gidan tarihi da ke Cairo babban birnin ƙasar File:Henri Wellinger en Egypte vers 1890.jpg|Wani tsohon hoto </gallery> == Al'adu == === Abinci === <gallery> File:Egyptian Grains.jpg|Hatsi daga kasar Misra </gallery> === Tufafi === == Yarika == == Mulki == [[File:Santrupt-Misra.jpg|thumb|Gwamnatocin kasar Masar]] [[File:Nripendra Misra, IAS with Narendra Modi.jpg|thumb|Tarukan gwamnati a Masar]] [[File:Nripendra Misra, IAS with P. K. Misra, IAS and DG, National Archives of India.jpg|thumb|Tarurrukan gwamnati a Masar]] Kasan misra tana da karfin mulki.<gallery> File:Hosni funeral.jpg|Jana'izar Hosni Mubarak File:Netanyahu and Mubarak checking their watches.jpg|Hosni tare da Obama File:Hosni Mubarak 2009.jpg|Hosni Mubarak File:Vladimir Putin 25 March 2008-2.jpg| Taro a kasar Misra </gallery> ==Sufuri== [[File:A bridge in Cairo.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gadar sama a birnin Cairo]] == Arziki == == Noma == Kasar Misra na da dabino da furanni daban-daban.<gallery> File:Egypt-12B-015 (2216711391).jpg|Dabino File:El Zohour Showroomمعرض الزهور بحديقة الاورمان 5.jpg|Fure File:El Zohour Showroomمعرض الزهور بحديقة الاورمان 7.jpg|Farin Fure File:El Zohour Showroomمعرض الزهور بحديقة الاورمان 9.jpg|Fure mai launika iri iri </gallery> == Kiwon lafiya == Akwai asibitoci da'ake kula da marasa lafiya<gallery> File:Egypt Metro Covid19.jpg|Wasu mata sun saka takunkumin hanci Don samun kariya ga cutar "Covid 19" </gallery> == Wasanni == == Addini == === Musulunci === <gallery> File:Hosh el basha, 2016..jpg|Masallaci a Misra File:Hosh el basha 2016,2.jpg| Haraba </gallery> === Kiristanci === == Tsaro == ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Capital_Park_2.jpg|Sabon babban birnin gudanarwa File:Coat_of_arms_of_Egypt_(Official).svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|Tutar kasar </gallery> == Manazarta == ‎A wajen karshen watan da ya gabata wani mummunan lamari ya faru a bakin tekun Abu Tlat da ke yankin Al-Ajami, a yammacin birnin Iskandiriya na kasar Masar, inda dalibai mata shida da wani dalibin namiji daya suka mutu wasu kuma suka jikkata. Lamarin ya faru ne a lokacin da tawagar dalibai daga jihar Sohag a daya daga cikin makaratun koyar da aikin otal suka je wajen atisaye. Bayanai sun nuna cewa igiyar teku ce ta ja daliban yayin da masu lura da su a lokacin suka kasa yin komai su cece su. Yasser Abdul Majeed, mahaifin Fares, daya daga cikin daliban da ruwan ya ci, ya ce : <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ina duba Facebook kawai sai na ga labarin abin da ya faru daya daga cikin abokan karatunsu ya sa labarin, daga nan sai na kira shi, inda ya gaya min cewa ai ya rasu.<nowiki>''</nowiki> Daya daga cikin abokan Fares, wanda yana daga cikin wadanda suka tsira a hadarin na teku, Hani Rashad Abdul Aziz, ya ce: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Sun dauke mu daga masaukinmu inda suka kai mu bakin teku da karfe takwas na safe suka ce mu shiga teku. Lokacin da muka shiga sai muka ga matan nutsewa a ruwa, dalibai da dama sun yi kokarin cetonsu. Mun nemi taimako amma ba wanda ya zo, su kuma masu lura da mu na makaranta ba wanda ya iya ruwa ko aikin ceto.<nowiki>''</nowiki>Daga bayanin da Hani ya yi, Fares ya yi kokari ya ceci 'yan mata shida kafin igiyar teku ta yi ciki da shi. Najla Hassan, mai shekara 18, daya daga cikin 'yan matan da suka tsira daga tekun ta yi bayanin yadda lamarin ya faru: "Da farko an gaya mana cewa za mu je bakin tekun ne mu dan gwada, amma ba sai mun shiga can cikin ruwan ba, to amma tuni mun shiga. Wasu daga cikin 'yan matan sun zauna a baki-baki ruwan na jan su ciki. Mun gargadi masu kula da mu a kan abin nan, amma suka ce ai yanzu za a fita. Haka ruwa ya ja su ba wanda ya iya cetonsu. Ni a haka na yi kokari na fice.<ref>Bbc</ref> ‎Mahaifin Fares ya ce dansa yaro ne mai kokari sosai a makarantar da yake ta karatun aikin likita da jinya.Gwamnatin Iskandiriya ta ce an fara bincike kan abin da ya janyo hadarin, tare da duba matakan da aka dauka na kiyaye hadura a lokacin ziyarar daliban. Hukumar birnin ta ce bakin tekun na Ab Talat ba waje ne da ya kamata a je wanka ko wasa ba a wani lokaci saboda hadarin da ke tattare da wajen na karfin igiyar ruwa. Hukumomin birnin a karon farko tsawon lokaci sun sa an rufe wuraren wasa na bakin teku na biranen Iskandiriya da Alamein da Baltim, saboda irin ayyukan da mazauna kauyukan bakin tekun ke yi na sauya yanayin bakin ruwan wanda hakan yake sauya yanayin igiyar ruwa. Abin da hukumomi ke gargadi da a daina yi saboda akwai bukatar samun izini da shawarar kwararru a kan hakan. A lokuta da dama hukumar hasashen yanayi na fitar da sanarwa inda ake roko da jama'a da masu yawon bude idanu su yi hankali da zuwa bakin teku, saboda haukan da ruwan ke yi a wasu lokutan.<ref>bbc</ref> ‎Duk da yadda ake yawan samun hadarin teku ke cin mutane, gwamnan jihar Iskandiriya Manjo Janar Ahmed Khaled, ya ce yawan hadarin ya ragu a wannan shekarar da kashi 70 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da shekarun baya. Ya ce an samu raguwar ne sakamakon matakai da ake dauka da kuma horo da ake kara bai wa masu aikin ceto. Daga irin wadannan matakan wadanda suka shafi yaki da sauyin yanayi da gwamnatin Masar ta fara a 2019, tana kokarin samar da kariya ga mazauna yankunan bakin teku da ke kwari. Haka kuma hukumomi na samar da hanyoyin sa-ido da nazarin sauyin yawan ruwan teku da kuma yadda yake cin yankunan bakin ruwan. Wani binciken da Israa Al-Masri na Jami'ar Iskandiriya ya yi ya nuna cewa yankin gabar teku ( tsakanin Hyena da Ras al-Hikma) da ruwa ke cinyewa a duk shekara tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2020, yana da yawa. Girman ya yi yawa sosai idan aka kwatanta da wanda rahoton Bnkin Duniya ya bayar a kan yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Yamma. Rahoton ya nuna cewa gabar tekun Bahar Rum ta Masar na rasa kusan kafa digo uku (0.328084 ko 10cm), inda ruwa ke cinyewa a duk shekara tsakanin 1984 da 2016. Shugaban majalisar tabbatar da ayyukan raya kasa na Masar, Imad El-Din Adly, ya yi nuni da cewa sauyin yanayi da karuwar ruwan teku da ake dangantawa da dumamar yanayi, da yawan ruwan sama da sauyin yanayin zafi da sanyi da ake gani sosai, duka wadannan na janyo sauyi a yanayin bakin teku.  Haka kuma duka wadannan abubuwan da sa ruwa ya cinye yankunan da ke gaba cikin sauri, wanda kuma ba a ganin hakan a da, a cewar shugaban.<ref>bbc</ref> ‎Jami'in na ganin rashin wayar da kan masu yawon bude idanu ya kara hadarin mutuwa a ruwa, musamman ma idan ba su kiyaye da gargadin masu kula da bakin tekun ba. Ta yaya za mu yi maganin fushin teku?<ref>bbv</ref> ‎Kwararre a kan harkar teku Sabri Al-Jundi ya gabatar da wasu shawarwari ta yadda za a kiyaye hadari tare da kare lafiyar masu yawon bude idanu a bakin teku, kamar hakan:<ref>Bbc</ref> ‎1- A rika bayar da horo lokaci zuwa lokaci ga dukkanin masu ninkaya<ref>Bbc</ref> ‎2- Samar da kayayyaki na zamani na aikin ceto ‎3 - Kada a dogara ga masu nutso ko ninkaya mutane kadai<ref>bbc</ref> ‎4- A tabbatar da cewa mutane na bin dokokin hukuma da ke kula da bakin tekun<ref>bbc</ref> ‎5- Kada a je bakin teku ranar da igiyar ruwa ke da karfi ( teku ke hauka)<ref>bbc</ref> ‎6- Ma'aikatar kula da albarkatun ruwa ta rika nazai tare da bayyana wa jama'a wuraren bakin teku da ke da hadari.<ref>bbc</ref> ‎7- A sanya abubuwan da za su hana mutane shiga wurin da ke da hadari.<ref>Bbc</ref>{{Afirka}} [[Category:Afirka]] kyhdgknw3t1yy01qcuy91amz0k1os5k 0 10494 966057 943743 2026-10-11T05:26:33Z Nura Bello 24854 966057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|thumb|hadiza a dandalina]] [[Fayil:Ha-Hadiza Aliyu.ogg|thumb|Hadiza Aliyu]] [[Fayil:Hadiza Gabon Kannywood actress.jpg|thumb|Hoton hadiza gabon]] '''Hadiza Aliyu''' wacce akafi sani da '''Hadiza [[Gabon]]''' (An haife ta ne a ranar daya 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da tara miladiyya 1989) a kasar Gabon,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Aliyu|url=http://www.hadizaaliyu.com/about/}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ta Kasance Shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a [[Hausa]] film a [[Najeriya]], a ƙarƙashin masana'antar film ta Hausa wato kannydwood.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/</ref> ==Labarin Rayuwa. == An haifi Hadiza Aliyu [[Gabon]] ne a ƙasar [[Libreville]] da ke ƙasar [[Gabon]], ta dawo ƙasar mahaifiyar ta [[Najeriya]] daga bisani domin wasu dalilai, inda tayo karatu, sannan ta fara harkan fim, Haifaffiyar garin [[Libreville]], [[Gabon|Jamhuriyar Gabon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300834.html|title=Nigeria: I Had to Learn Hausa to Feature in Kannywood - Hadiza Gabon|author=All Africa|publisher=Amina Alhassan and Mulikat Mukaila|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ‘yar gidan Malam Aliyu ne wanda dattijo ne. A bangaren mahaifinta, Hadiza 'yar asalin ƙasar Gabon ce, kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarta, asalin ta Fulani ce daga [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I want to settle down – Gabon - Blueprint|url=http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131520/http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandire a kasar haihuwarta inda ta rubuta jarabawarta ta A-Level tare da burin zama lauya sannan daga baya ta zabi Lauya a matsayin kwas din da ta fi so. Ta fara karatun jami'a a matsayinta na daliba, amma dole ta daina zuwa makaranta saboda wasu matsaloli da suka dabaibaye karatun nata. Karatun nata ya tsaya a lokacin kuma hakan ya ba ta damar halartar shirin difloma a cikin Harshen Faransanci kuma daga baya ta zama malama mai koyar da Faransanci a wata makarantar sirri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/biography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Shahara == Tana daya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata a masana'antar fim ta kannywood, dake arewacin Nigeria. Tana da masoya da dama , tayi fina finai shaharrru a masana'antar. Ta fito a fim mai dogon zango na tashar Arewa 24 mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, kuma ta fito a shahararren fim mai dogon zango MANYAN MATA. A halin yanzu ta buɗe wani filin tattaunawa da manyan mutane Sannan nu mai suna GABONS ROOM TALK '''Show'''. ==Fim== Hadiza Aliyu ta shiga [[Kannywood]] ba da dadewa ba bayan ta shigo daga [[Gabon]] zuwa [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Ta tashi daga [[Adamawa]] zuwa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] yayin da take sha'awar shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] tare da dan uwan ta. Ta samu damar ganawa da [[Ali Nuhu]] kuma ta nemi taimakonsa don kaddamar da ita a matsayin 'yar fim. Hadiza ta fara fitowa ne a shekara ta 2009, inda aka sanya ta a Artabu, ta samu shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata tare da taimakon [[Ali Nuhu]] da kuma jagorancin Aminu Shariff . Ta kasance shahararriyar 'yar wasan Hausa ce. Mutane da dama na gani da daukan ta a matsayin jarumar 'yar wasan [[Kannywood]] kuma abar koyi musamman yadda take fitowa cikin sutura na al'ada da kyau, tana fitowa a wasannin barkwanci na ban dariya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon}}</ref> Hadiza ta kasance ita ce jakadiyar da ta daga cikin kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya MTN Nigeria da kuma kamfanin abincin Indomie, ta karbi kyautar Best Actress Jury Award a 2nd Kannywood Award wanda kamfanin MTN Najeriya suka dauki nauyin bayarwa. Ita ce wacce ta kafa gidauniyar HAG Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/filmography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Elites|first1=The|title=Famous Kannywood Actress Hadiza Aliyu Gabon, Debuts In Nollywood Movie|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|website=The Elites Nigeria|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225402/http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The trailer for Mike Ezuruonye's new movie ‘Lagos Real Fake Life’ isn't quite there yet » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/the-trailer-for-mike-ezuruonyes-new-movie-lagos-real-fake-life-isnt-quite-there-yet/|website=YNaija|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Husseini|first1=Shuaibu|title=Gold for Kannywood’s shinning star, Hadiza Gabon, from Queensland|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=12 November 2016|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225403/https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lere|first1=Muhammad|title=Kannywood: Hadiza Gabon features in first Nollywood movie - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/243849-kannywood-hadiza-gabon-features-first-nollywood-movie.html|website=Premiumtimenews|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon/}}</ref> Hadiza Gabon ta yanke shawarar shiga Nollywood a shekara ta 2017, biyo bayan [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Yakubu Muhammad|Yakubu Muhammed]], Maryam Booth da [[Rahama Sadau]] . An saka ta a fim dinta na farko a Nollywood kusa da Mike Ezuruonye, Mike Angel da Emmanuella a fim mai taken ''Lagos Real Fake Life .'' ====== Hadiza gabon jaruma che kumah yar kasuwah waccha bata dogara da harkar fim kadaiba tanah kasuwan chin agefe , tanah kumah yin shirin datayi mar take da Gabons room talk show. ====== == Jakadanci == Acikin watan Disambar shekarar 2018 ne, kamfanin NASCON Allied Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagfoundation.com/|title=HAG Foundation - Committed to Serving Humanity|work=|publisher=HAG Foundation|accessdate=22 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010123/http://www.hagfoundation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ke reshen rukunin kamfanonin [[Dangote Group|Dangote]] , ya bayyana Hadiza Aliyu a matsayin jakadiyar jakadancin Dangote Classic Seasoning a yayin ƙaddamar da kayan haɗa kayan a [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NASCON introduces Dangote classic seasoning into Kano market|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/nascon-introduces-dangote-classic-seasoning-into-kano-market|work=Businessday NG|date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products%20&%20Services/NASCON-launches-New-Dangote-Classic-Seasoning-Cubes/43162#:~:text=The%20Company%20used%20the%20occasion,to%20all%20women%20in%20Nigeria|website=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brand Ambassador Market Tour|url=https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|website=NASCON|date=16 July 2019|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taimako == Acikin shekara ta 2016, Hadiza Gabon ta kafa Kungiyar agaji mai suna HAG Foundation Da nufin inganta rayuwar talakawa ta hanyar samar da taimako a bangarorin ilimi da kiwon lafiya gami da wadatar abinci, Ta zama daya daga cikin ‘yan wasa mata na farko a tarihin [[Kannywood]] da ta gabatar da irin wannan taimakon jin kai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ta ziyarci sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] inda ta ba da gudummawar kayayyakin abinci, kayan masaka da sauran kayan masarufi da mazauna sansanin suke bukata saboda rikicin arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/entertainment/hadiza-gabon-enlivens-idp-camp/138523.html|title=Hadiza Gabon enlivens IDP camp|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Ibrahim Musa Giginyu|accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref> == Lamban girma == Hadiza Aliyu ta samu kyaututtuka da girmamawa da dama waɗanda suka hada da shekara ta 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards da [[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|2nd Kannywood / MTN Awards]] a shekara ta 2014. Saboda karramawar da ta yi a matsayin 'yar fim, Hadiza ta karrama acikin shekarar 2013 daga tsohon Gwamnan [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso|Dakta Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso]] . An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Hollywood ta Afirka a matsayin Jarumar Jarumai mata .<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140"> |Hadiza Gabon tana karban lamban girma </gallery> === Awad === Lamban girman da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/awards-and-projects/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Lamban girma ! Rukuni ! Fim ! Sakamako |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Kwankwasiyya Award | Recognition Award |Kwankwasiyya Award | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress (Hausa) | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | City People Entertainment Awards | ''Best Actress (Hausa)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |website=hausafilms.tv |accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | 2nd Kannywood/MTN Awards<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Ikeji's Blog|url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> | Best Actress of the Year(Jury Choice)<ref>{{cite web|title=Premium Times Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/176070-late-ibro-honoured-mtn-kannywood-awards-2015.html}}</ref> | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Kannywood AWA 24 Film & Merit Award | Best Supporting Actress | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | African Hollywood Awards | Best Actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/hausa-movies-arts-entertainment/214643-hadiza-gabon-usman-uzee-honoured-african-hollywood-awards.html |title=Hadiza Gabon, Usman Uzee honoured at African Hollywood Awards |work =Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=Mohammed Lere |accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> | ''African Films in Hausa Language'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Arewa Night Award | Recognition Award | | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | 2017 Best of Kannywood Award | Best Actress (Hausa)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agbon |first1=Ehis |title=2017 CITY PEOPLE MOVIE AWARDS (NOMINEES FOR KANNYWOOD) |url=https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |website=Procyon News |accessdate=24 October 2019 |date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018124155/https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | {{Nom}} |- |} === Kyaututuka === Jadawalin kyaututtukan martabawa da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Girmamawa !Rukuni !Bangare |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Kano State Senior Secondary Schools Management Board |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BNwVKYBhVtd/|title=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon on Instagram: Alhamdulillah ✌🏼️👌👌🏻|work=Instagram|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> |''Educational Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Statup Kano |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AdizatouGabon/status/809842395844149252|title=Was honored to be part of Startup Kano Women Conference.. Women empowerment gives me so much joy. Alhamdulillah.|work=Twitter|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> |''Empowerment Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Billycares Charity Foundation |Recognition Award | ''Philanthropy'' |- ! scope="row" |2019 |Hausa Students Association of Nigeria (BUK) |Recognition Award |''Educational Support'' |- |} === Fina finai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ Fina finan ta Aliyu |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Sunan Fim ! Matsayin ! Nau'i |- | | ''Daina Kuka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Farar Saka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Fataken Dare'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Kolo(film)|Kolo'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Mukaddari'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Sakayya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Ziyadat'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2009 | ''Artabu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Wasila(film)|Wasila'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Aisha Humaira'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | '''Yar Maye'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Badi Ba Rai'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Akirizzaman'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Dare Daya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Wata Tafi Wata'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Da Kai Zan Gana'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Haske'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Ban Sani Ba'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Mai Dalilin Aure'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Basaja'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Uba Da 'Da'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Indon Kauye'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ba'asi'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Jarumta'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Gida da waje'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Ciki Da Raino'' |Jaruma |Barkwanci/Fim |- |2019 | ''Hawwa Kulu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Wakili'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Dan Birnin'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Gidan Badamasi'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Hadiza Gabon"> File:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|Sanye da farin kaya File:Hadiza Gabon.jpg </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Rahama Sadau]] * [[Hafsat Idris]] * [[Jamila Nagudu]] * [[Fati Washa]] * [[Maryam Booth]] * [[Maryam Yahaya]] * [[Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya]] == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu,Hadiza}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan fim]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] n800c808rz6z0pp8spp6r5wgbro2anh 966069 966057 2026-10-11T07:06:24Z Nura Bello 24854 966069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|thumb|hadiza a dandalina]] [[Fayil:Ha-Hadiza Aliyu.ogg|thumb|Hadiza Aliyu]] [[Fayil:Hadiza Gabon Kannywood actress.jpg|thumb|Hoton hadiza gabon]] '''Hadiza Aliyu''' wacce akafi sani da '''Hadiza [[Gabon]]''' (An haife ta ne a ranar daya 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da tara miladiyya 1989) a kasar Gabon,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Aliyu|url=http://www.hadizaaliyu.com/about/}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ta Kasance Shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a [[Hausa]] film a [[Najeriya]], a ƙarƙashin masana'antar film ta Hausa wato kannydwood.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/</ref> ==Labarin Rayuwa. == An haifi Hadiza Aliyu [[Gabon]] ne a ƙasar [[Libreville]] da ke ƙasar [[Gabon]], ta dawo ƙasar mahaifiyar ta ne [[Najeriya]] daga bisani domin wasu dalilai, inda tayo karatu, sannan ta fara harkan fim, Haifaffiyar garin [[Libreville]], [[Gabon|Jamhuriyar Gabon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300834.html|title=Nigeria: I Had to Learn Hausa to Feature in Kannywood - Hadiza Gabon|author=All Africa|publisher=Amina Alhassan and Mulikat Mukaila|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ‘yar gidan Malam Aliyu ne wanda dattijo ne. A bangaren mahaifinta, Hadiza 'yar asalin ƙasar Gabon ce, kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarta, asalin ta Fulani ce daga [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I want to settle down – Gabon - Blueprint|url=http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131520/http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandire a kasar haihuwarta inda ta rubuta jarabawarta ta A-Level tare da burin zama lauya sannan daga baya ta zabi Lauya a matsayin kwas din da ta fi so. Ta fara karatun jami'a a matsayinta na daliba, amma dole ta daina zuwa makaranta saboda wasu matsaloli da suka dabaibaye karatun nata. Karatun nata ya tsaya a lokacin kuma hakan ya ba ta damar halartar shirin difloma a cikin Harshen Faransanci kuma daga baya ta zama malama mai koyar da Faransanci a wata makarantar sirri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/biography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Shahara == Tana daya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata a masana'antar fim ta kannywood, dake arewacin Nigeria. Tana da masoya da dama , tayi fina finai shaharrru a masana'antar. Ta fito a fim mai dogon zango na tashar Arewa 24 mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, kuma ta fito a shahararren fim mai dogon zango MANYAN MATA. A halin yanzu ta buɗe wani filin tattaunawa da manyan mutane Sannan nu mai suna GABONS ROOM TALK '''Show'''. ==Fim== Hadiza Aliyu ta shiga [[Kannywood]] ba da dadewa ba bayan ta shigo daga [[Gabon]] zuwa [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Ta tashi daga [[Adamawa]] zuwa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] yayin da take sha'awar shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] tare da dan uwan ta. Ta samu damar ganawa da [[Ali Nuhu]] kuma ta nemi taimakonsa don kaddamar da ita a matsayin 'yar fim. Hadiza ta fara fitowa ne a shekara ta 2009, inda aka sanya ta a Artabu, ta samu shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata tare da taimakon [[Ali Nuhu]] da kuma jagorancin Aminu Shariff . Ta kasance shahararriyar 'yar wasan Hausa ce. Mutane da dama na gani da daukan ta a matsayin jarumar 'yar wasan [[Kannywood]] kuma abar koyi musamman yadda take fitowa cikin sutura na al'ada da kyau, tana fitowa a wasannin barkwanci na ban dariya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon}}</ref> Hadiza ta kasance ita ce jakadiyar da ta daga cikin kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya MTN Nigeria da kuma kamfanin abincin Indomie, ta karbi kyautar Best Actress Jury Award a 2nd Kannywood Award wanda kamfanin MTN Najeriya suka dauki nauyin bayarwa. Ita ce wacce ta kafa gidauniyar HAG Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/filmography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Elites|first1=The|title=Famous Kannywood Actress Hadiza Aliyu Gabon, Debuts In Nollywood Movie|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|website=The Elites Nigeria|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225402/http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The trailer for Mike Ezuruonye's new movie ‘Lagos Real Fake Life’ isn't quite there yet » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/the-trailer-for-mike-ezuruonyes-new-movie-lagos-real-fake-life-isnt-quite-there-yet/|website=YNaija|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Husseini|first1=Shuaibu|title=Gold for Kannywood’s shinning star, Hadiza Gabon, from Queensland|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=12 November 2016|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225403/https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lere|first1=Muhammad|title=Kannywood: Hadiza Gabon features in first Nollywood movie - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/243849-kannywood-hadiza-gabon-features-first-nollywood-movie.html|website=Premiumtimenews|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon/}}</ref> Hadiza Gabon ta yanke shawarar shiga Nollywood a shekara ta 2017, biyo bayan [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Yakubu Muhammad|Yakubu Muhammed]], Maryam Booth da [[Rahama Sadau]] . An saka ta a fim dinta na farko a Nollywood kusa da Mike Ezuruonye, Mike Angel da Emmanuella a fim mai taken ''Lagos Real Fake Life .'' ====== Hadiza gabon jaruma che kumah yar kasuwah waccha bata dogara da harkar fim kadaiba tanah kasuwan chin agefe , tanah kumah yin shirin datayi mar take da Gabons room talk show. ====== == Jakadanci == Acikin watan Disambar shekarar 2018 ne, kamfanin NASCON Allied Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagfoundation.com/|title=HAG Foundation - Committed to Serving Humanity|work=|publisher=HAG Foundation|accessdate=22 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010123/http://www.hagfoundation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ke reshen rukunin kamfanonin [[Dangote Group|Dangote]] , ya bayyana Hadiza Aliyu a matsayin jakadiyar jakadancin Dangote Classic Seasoning a yayin ƙaddamar da kayan haɗa kayan a [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NASCON introduces Dangote classic seasoning into Kano market|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/nascon-introduces-dangote-classic-seasoning-into-kano-market|work=Businessday NG|date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products%20&%20Services/NASCON-launches-New-Dangote-Classic-Seasoning-Cubes/43162#:~:text=The%20Company%20used%20the%20occasion,to%20all%20women%20in%20Nigeria|website=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brand Ambassador Market Tour|url=https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|website=NASCON|date=16 July 2019|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taimako == Acikin shekara ta 2016, Hadiza Gabon ta kafa Kungiyar agaji mai suna HAG Foundation Da nufin inganta rayuwar talakawa ta hanyar samar da taimako a bangarorin ilimi da kiwon lafiya gami da wadatar abinci, Ta zama daya daga cikin ‘yan wasa mata na farko a tarihin [[Kannywood]] da ta gabatar da irin wannan taimakon jin kai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ta ziyarci sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] inda ta ba da gudummawar kayayyakin abinci, kayan masaka da sauran kayan masarufi da mazauna sansanin suke bukata saboda rikicin arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/entertainment/hadiza-gabon-enlivens-idp-camp/138523.html|title=Hadiza Gabon enlivens IDP camp|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Ibrahim Musa Giginyu|accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref> == Lamban girma == Hadiza Aliyu ta samu kyaututtuka da girmamawa da dama waɗanda suka hada da shekara ta 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards da [[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|2nd Kannywood / MTN Awards]] a shekara ta 2014. Saboda karramawar da ta yi a matsayin 'yar fim, Hadiza ta karrama acikin shekarar 2013 daga tsohon Gwamnan [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso|Dakta Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso]] . An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Hollywood ta Afirka a matsayin Jarumar Jarumai mata .<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140"> |Hadiza Gabon tana karban lamban girma </gallery> === Awad === Lamban girman da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/awards-and-projects/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Lamban girma ! Rukuni ! Fim ! Sakamako |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Kwankwasiyya Award | Recognition Award |Kwankwasiyya Award | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress (Hausa) | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | City People Entertainment Awards | ''Best Actress (Hausa)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |website=hausafilms.tv |accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | 2nd Kannywood/MTN Awards<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Ikeji's Blog|url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> | Best Actress of the Year(Jury Choice)<ref>{{cite web|title=Premium Times Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/176070-late-ibro-honoured-mtn-kannywood-awards-2015.html}}</ref> | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Kannywood AWA 24 Film & Merit Award | Best Supporting Actress | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | African Hollywood Awards | Best Actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/hausa-movies-arts-entertainment/214643-hadiza-gabon-usman-uzee-honoured-african-hollywood-awards.html |title=Hadiza Gabon, Usman Uzee honoured at African Hollywood Awards |work =Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=Mohammed Lere |accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> | ''African Films in Hausa Language'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Arewa Night Award | Recognition Award | | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | 2017 Best of Kannywood Award | Best Actress (Hausa)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agbon |first1=Ehis |title=2017 CITY PEOPLE MOVIE AWARDS (NOMINEES FOR KANNYWOOD) |url=https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |website=Procyon News |accessdate=24 October 2019 |date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018124155/https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | {{Nom}} |- |} === Kyaututuka === Jadawalin kyaututtukan martabawa da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Girmamawa !Rukuni !Bangare |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Kano State Senior Secondary Schools Management Board |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BNwVKYBhVtd/|title=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon on Instagram: Alhamdulillah ✌🏼️👌👌🏻|work=Instagram|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> |''Educational Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Statup Kano |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AdizatouGabon/status/809842395844149252|title=Was honored to be part of Startup Kano Women Conference.. Women empowerment gives me so much joy. Alhamdulillah.|work=Twitter|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> |''Empowerment Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Billycares Charity Foundation |Recognition Award | ''Philanthropy'' |- ! scope="row" |2019 |Hausa Students Association of Nigeria (BUK) |Recognition Award |''Educational Support'' |- |} === Fina finai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ Fina finan ta Aliyu |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Sunan Fim ! Matsayin ! Nau'i |- | | ''Daina Kuka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Farar Saka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Fataken Dare'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Kolo(film)|Kolo'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Mukaddari'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Sakayya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Ziyadat'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2009 | ''Artabu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Wasila(film)|Wasila'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Aisha Humaira'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | '''Yar Maye'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Badi Ba Rai'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Akirizzaman'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Dare Daya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Wata Tafi Wata'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Da Kai Zan Gana'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Haske'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Ban Sani Ba'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Mai Dalilin Aure'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Basaja'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Uba Da 'Da'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Indon Kauye'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ba'asi'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Jarumta'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Gida da waje'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Ciki Da Raino'' |Jaruma |Barkwanci/Fim |- |2019 | ''Hawwa Kulu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Wakili'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Dan Birnin'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Gidan Badamasi'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Hadiza Gabon"> File:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|Sanye da farin kaya File:Hadiza Gabon.jpg </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Rahama Sadau]] * [[Hafsat Idris]] * [[Jamila Nagudu]] * [[Fati Washa]] * [[Maryam Booth]] * [[Maryam Yahaya]] * [[Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya]] == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu,Hadiza}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan fim]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] 6rxidr4qjnj0efiqtzy8c8dar59ay7u 966071 966069 2026-10-11T07:10:58Z Nura Bello 24854 966071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|thumb|hadiza a dandalina]] [[Fayil:Ha-Hadiza Aliyu.ogg|thumb|Hadiza Aliyu]] [[Fayil:Hadiza Gabon Kannywood actress.jpg|thumb|Hoton hadiza gabon]] '''Hadiza Aliyu''' wacce akafi sani da '''Hadiza [[Gabon]]''' (An haife ta ne a ranar daya 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da tara miladiyya 1989) a kasar Gabon,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Aliyu|url=http://www.hadizaaliyu.com/about/}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ta Kasance Shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a [[Hausa]] film a [[Najeriya]], a ƙarƙashin masana'antar film ta Hausa wato kannydwood.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/</ref> ==Labarin Rayuwa. == An haifi Hadiza Aliyu [[Gabon]] ne a ƙasar [[Libreville]] da ke ƙasar [[Gabon]], ta dawo ƙasar mahaifiyar ta ne [[Najeriya]] daga bisani domin wasu dalilai, inda tayo karatu, sannan ta fara harkan fim, Haifaffiyar garin [[Libreville]], [[Gabon|Jamhuriyar Gabon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300834.html|title=Nigeria: I Had to Learn Hausa to Feature in Kannywood - Hadiza Gabon|author=All Africa|publisher=Amina Alhassan and Mulikat Mukaila|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ‘yar gidan Malam Aliyu ne wanda dattijo ne. A bangaren mahaifinta, Hadiza 'yar asalin ƙasar Gabon ce, kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarta, asalin ta Fulani ce daga [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I want to settle down – Gabon - Blueprint|url=http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131520/http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandire a kasar haihuwarta inda ta rubuta jarabawarta ta A-Level tare da burin zama lauya sannan daga baya ta zabi Lauya a matsayin kwas din da ta fi so. Ta fara karatun jami'a a matsayinta na daliba, amma dole ta daina zuwa makaranta saboda wasu matsaloli da suka dabaibaye karatun nata. Karatun nata ya tsaya a lokacin kuma hakan ya ba ta damar halartar shirin difloma a cikin Harshen Faransanci kuma daga baya ta zama malama mai koyar da Faransanci a wata makarantar sirri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/biography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Shahara == Tana daya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata a masana'antar fim ta kannywood, dake arewacin Nigeria. Tana da masoya da dama , tayi fina finai shaharrru a masana'antar. Ta fito a fim mai dogon zango na tashar Arewa 24 mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, kuma ta fito a shahararren fim mai dogon zango MANYAN MATA. A halin yanzu ta buɗe wani filin tattaunawa da manyan mutane Sannan nu mai suna GABONS ROOM TALK '''Show'''. ==Fim== Hadiza Aliyu ta shiga [[Kannywood]] ba da dadewa ba bayan ta shigo daga [[Gabon]] zuwa [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Ta tashi daga [[Adamawa]] zuwa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] yayin da take sha'awar shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] tare da dan uwan ta. Ta samu damar ganawa da [[Ali Nuhu]] kuma ta nemi taimakonsa don kaddamar da ita a matsayin 'yar fim. Hadiza ta fara fitowa ne a shekara ta 2009, inda aka sanya ta a Artabu, ta samu shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata tare da taimakon [[Ali Nuhu]] da kuma jagorancin Aminu Shariff . Ta kasance shahararriyar 'yar wasan Hausa ce. Mutane da dama na gani da daukan ta a matsayin jarumar 'yar wasan [[Kannywood]] kuma abar koyi musamman yadda take fitowa cikin sutura na al'ada da kyau, tana fitowa a wasannin barkwanci na ban dariya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon}}</ref> Hadiza ta kasance ita ce jakadiyar da ta daga cikin kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya MTN Nigeria da kuma kamfanin abincin Indomie, ta karbi kyautar Best Actress Jury Award a 2nd Kannywood Award wanda kamfanin MTN Najeriya suka dauki nauyin bayarwa. Ita ce wacce ta kafa gidauniyar HAG Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/filmography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Elites|first1=The|title=Famous Kannywood Actress Hadiza Aliyu Gabon, Debuts In Nollywood Movie|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|website=The Elites Nigeria|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225402/http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The trailer for Mike Ezuruonye's new movie ‘Lagos Real Fake Life’ isn't quite there yet » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/the-trailer-for-mike-ezuruonyes-new-movie-lagos-real-fake-life-isnt-quite-there-yet/|website=YNaija|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Husseini|first1=Shuaibu|title=Gold for Kannywood’s shinning star, Hadiza Gabon, from Queensland|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=12 November 2016|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225403/https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lere|first1=Muhammad|title=Kannywood: Hadiza Gabon features in first Nollywood movie - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/243849-kannywood-hadiza-gabon-features-first-nollywood-movie.html|website=Premiumtimenews|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon/}}</ref> Hadiza Gabon ta yanke shawarar shiga Nollywood a shekara ta 2017, biyo bayan [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Yakubu Muhammad|Yakubu Muhammed]], Maryam Booth da [[Rahama Sadau]] . An saka ta a fim dinta na farko a Nollywood kusa da Mike Ezuruonye, Mike Angel da Emmanuella a fim mai taken ''Lagos Real Fake Life .'' ====== Hadiza gabon jaruma che kumah yar kasuwah waccha bata dogara da harkar fim kadaiba tanah kasuwan chin agefe , tanah kumah yin shirin datayi mar take da Gabons room talk show. ====== == Jakadanci == Acikin watan Disambar shekarar 2018 ne, kamfanin NASCON Allied Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagfoundation.com/|title=HAG Foundation - Committed to Serving Humanity|work=|publisher=HAG Foundation|accessdate=22 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010123/http://www.hagfoundation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ke reshen rukunin kamfanonin [[Dangote Group|Dangote]] , ya bayyana Hadiza Aliyu a matsayin jakadiyar jakadancin Dangote Classic Seasoning a yayin ƙaddamar da kayan haɗa kayan a [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NASCON introduces Dangote classic seasoning into Kano market|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/nascon-introduces-dangote-classic-seasoning-into-kano-market|work=Businessday NG|date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products%20&%20Services/NASCON-launches-New-Dangote-Classic-Seasoning-Cubes/43162#:~:text=The%20Company%20used%20the%20occasion,to%20all%20women%20in%20Nigeria|website=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brand Ambassador Market Tour|url=https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|website=NASCON|date=16 July 2019|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taimako == Acikin shekarar 2016, Hadiza Gabon ta kafa Kungiyar agaji mai suna HAG Foundation Da nufin inganta rayuwar talakawa ta hanyar samar da taimako a bangarorin ilimi da kiwon lafiya gami da wadatar abinci, Ta zama daya daga cikin ‘yan wasa mata na farko a tarihin [[Kannywood]] da ta gabatar da irin wannan taimakon jin kai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ta ziyarci sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] inda ta ba da gudummawar kayayyakin abinci, kayan masaka da sauran kayan masarufi da mazauna sansanin suke bukata saboda rikicin arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/entertainment/hadiza-gabon-enlivens-idp-camp/138523.html|title=Hadiza Gabon enlivens IDP camp|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Ibrahim Musa Giginyu|accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref> == Lamban girma == Hadiza Aliyu ta samu kyaututtuka da girmamawa da dama waɗanda suka hada da shekara ta 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards da [[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|2nd Kannywood / MTN Awards]] a shekara ta 2014. Saboda karramawar da ta yi a matsayin 'yar fim, Hadiza ta karrama acikin shekarar 2013 daga tsohon Gwamnan [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso|Dakta Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso]] . An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Hollywood ta Afirka a matsayin Jarumar Jarumai mata .<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140"> |Hadiza Gabon tana karban lamban girma </gallery> === Awad === Lamban girman da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/awards-and-projects/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Lamban girma ! Rukuni ! Fim ! Sakamako |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Kwankwasiyya Award | Recognition Award |Kwankwasiyya Award | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress (Hausa) | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | City People Entertainment Awards | ''Best Actress (Hausa)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |website=hausafilms.tv |accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | 2nd Kannywood/MTN Awards<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Ikeji's Blog|url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> | Best Actress of the Year(Jury Choice)<ref>{{cite web|title=Premium Times Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/176070-late-ibro-honoured-mtn-kannywood-awards-2015.html}}</ref> | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Kannywood AWA 24 Film & Merit Award | Best Supporting Actress | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | African Hollywood Awards | Best Actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/hausa-movies-arts-entertainment/214643-hadiza-gabon-usman-uzee-honoured-african-hollywood-awards.html |title=Hadiza Gabon, Usman Uzee honoured at African Hollywood Awards |work =Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=Mohammed Lere |accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> | ''African Films in Hausa Language'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Arewa Night Award | Recognition Award | | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | 2017 Best of Kannywood Award | Best Actress (Hausa)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agbon |first1=Ehis |title=2017 CITY PEOPLE MOVIE AWARDS (NOMINEES FOR KANNYWOOD) |url=https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |website=Procyon News |accessdate=24 October 2019 |date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018124155/https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | {{Nom}} |- |} === Kyaututuka === Jadawalin kyaututtukan martabawa da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Girmamawa !Rukuni !Bangare |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Kano State Senior Secondary Schools Management Board |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BNwVKYBhVtd/|title=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon on Instagram: Alhamdulillah ✌🏼️👌👌🏻|work=Instagram|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> |''Educational Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Statup Kano |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AdizatouGabon/status/809842395844149252|title=Was honored to be part of Startup Kano Women Conference.. Women empowerment gives me so much joy. Alhamdulillah.|work=Twitter|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> |''Empowerment Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Billycares Charity Foundation |Recognition Award | ''Philanthropy'' |- ! scope="row" |2019 |Hausa Students Association of Nigeria (BUK) |Recognition Award |''Educational Support'' |- |} === Fina finai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ Fina finan ta Aliyu |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Sunan Fim ! Matsayin ! Nau'i |- | | ''Daina Kuka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Farar Saka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Fataken Dare'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Kolo(film)|Kolo'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Mukaddari'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Sakayya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Ziyadat'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2009 | ''Artabu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Wasila(film)|Wasila'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Aisha Humaira'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | '''Yar Maye'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Badi Ba Rai'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Akirizzaman'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Dare Daya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Wata Tafi Wata'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Da Kai Zan Gana'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Haske'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Ban Sani Ba'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Mai Dalilin Aure'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Basaja'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Uba Da 'Da'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Indon Kauye'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ba'asi'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Jarumta'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Gida da waje'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Ciki Da Raino'' |Jaruma |Barkwanci/Fim |- |2019 | ''Hawwa Kulu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Wakili'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Dan Birnin'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Gidan Badamasi'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Hadiza Gabon"> File:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|Sanye da farin kaya File:Hadiza Gabon.jpg </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Rahama Sadau]] * [[Hafsat Idris]] * [[Jamila Nagudu]] * [[Fati Washa]] * [[Maryam Booth]] * [[Maryam Yahaya]] * [[Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya]] == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu,Hadiza}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan fim]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] 9tbbhel4ld93ixl8ku2qd7d5uxokmmk 966073 966071 2026-10-11T07:12:31Z Nura Bello 24854 966073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|thumb|hadiza a dandalina]] [[Fayil:Ha-Hadiza Aliyu.ogg|thumb|Hadiza Aliyu]] [[Fayil:Hadiza Gabon Kannywood actress.jpg|thumb|Hoton hadiza gabon]] '''Hadiza Aliyu''' wacce akafi sani da '''Hadiza [[Gabon]]''' (An haife ta ne a ranar daya 1 ga watan Yuni, shekarar alif dari tara da tamanin da tara miladiyya 1989) a kasar Gabon,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Aliyu|url=http://www.hadizaaliyu.com/about/}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ta Kasance Shahararriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a [[Hausa]] film a [[Najeriya]], a ƙarƙashin masana'antar film ta Hausa wato kannydwood.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/</ref>. ==Labarin Rayuwa. == An haifi Hadiza Aliyu [[Gabon]] ne a ƙasar [[Libreville]] da ke ƙasar [[Gabon]], ta dawo ƙasar mahaifiyar ta ne [[Najeriya]] daga bisani domin wasu dalilai, inda tayo karatu, sannan ta fara harkan fim, Haifaffiyar garin [[Libreville]], [[Gabon|Jamhuriyar Gabon]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312300834.html|title=Nigeria: I Had to Learn Hausa to Feature in Kannywood - Hadiza Gabon|author=All Africa|publisher=Amina Alhassan and Mulikat Mukaila|accessdate=28 December 2013}}</ref> Hadiza Aliyu ‘yar gidan Malam Aliyu ne wanda dattijo ne. A bangaren mahaifinta, Hadiza 'yar asalin ƙasar Gabon ce, kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarta, asalin ta Fulani ce daga [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=I want to settle down – Gabon - Blueprint|url=http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131520/http://www.blueprint.ng/2014/10/06/i-want-to-settle-down-gabon/|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandire a kasar haihuwarta inda ta rubuta jarabawarta ta A-Level tare da burin zama lauya sannan daga baya ta zabi Lauya a matsayin kwas din da ta fi so. Ta fara karatun jami'a a matsayinta na daliba, amma dole ta daina zuwa makaranta saboda wasu matsaloli da suka dabaibaye karatun nata. Karatun nata ya tsaya a lokacin kuma hakan ya ba ta damar halartar shirin difloma a cikin Harshen Faransanci kuma daga baya ta zama malama mai koyar da Faransanci a wata makarantar sirri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/biography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Shahara == Tana daya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata a masana'antar fim ta kannywood, dake arewacin Nigeria. Tana da masoya da dama , tayi fina finai shaharrru a masana'antar. Ta fito a fim mai dogon zango na tashar Arewa 24 mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, kuma ta fito a shahararren fim mai dogon zango MANYAN MATA. A halin yanzu ta buɗe wani filin tattaunawa da manyan mutane Sannan nu mai suna GABONS ROOM TALK '''Show'''. ==Fim== Hadiza Aliyu ta shiga [[Kannywood]] ba da dadewa ba bayan ta shigo daga [[Gabon]] zuwa [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] . Ta tashi daga [[Adamawa]] zuwa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] yayin da take sha'awar shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] tare da dan uwan ta. Ta samu damar ganawa da [[Ali Nuhu]] kuma ta nemi taimakonsa don kaddamar da ita a matsayin 'yar fim. Hadiza ta fara fitowa ne a shekara ta 2009, inda aka sanya ta a Artabu, ta samu shiga masana'antar fim ta [[kannywood]] a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan jarumai mata tare da taimakon [[Ali Nuhu]] da kuma jagorancin Aminu Shariff . Ta kasance shahararriyar 'yar wasan Hausa ce. Mutane da dama na gani da daukan ta a matsayin jarumar 'yar wasan [[Kannywood]] kuma abar koyi musamman yadda take fitowa cikin sutura na al'ada da kyau, tana fitowa a wasannin barkwanci na ban dariya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon}}</ref> Hadiza ta kasance ita ce jakadiyar da ta daga cikin kamfanin sadarwa na Najeriya MTN Nigeria da kuma kamfanin abincin Indomie, ta karbi kyautar Best Actress Jury Award a 2nd Kannywood Award wanda kamfanin MTN Najeriya suka dauki nauyin bayarwa. Ita ce wacce ta kafa gidauniyar HAG Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/filmography/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Elites|first1=The|title=Famous Kannywood Actress Hadiza Aliyu Gabon, Debuts In Nollywood Movie|url=http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|website=The Elites Nigeria|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225402/http://www.theelitesng.com/famous-kannywood-actress-hadiza-aliyu-gabon-febuts-in-nollywood-movie/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The trailer for Mike Ezuruonye's new movie ‘Lagos Real Fake Life’ isn't quite there yet » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/the-trailer-for-mike-ezuruonyes-new-movie-lagos-real-fake-life-isnt-quite-there-yet/|website=YNaija|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=10 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Husseini|first1=Shuaibu|title=Gold for Kannywood’s shinning star, Hadiza Gabon, from Queensland|url=https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=12 November 2016|archive-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024225403/https://m.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/gold-for-kannywoods-shinning-star-hadiza-gabon-from-queensland/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lere|first1=Muhammad|title=Kannywood: Hadiza Gabon features in first Nollywood movie - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/kannywood/243849-kannywood-hadiza-gabon-features-first-nollywood-movie.html|website=Premiumtimenews|accessdate=24 October 2019|date=21 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hadiza Gabon - HausaFilms.tv|url=http://www.hausafilms.tv/actress/hadiza_gabon/}}</ref> Hadiza Gabon ta yanke shawarar shiga Nollywood a shekara ta 2017, biyo bayan [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Yakubu Muhammad|Yakubu Muhammed]], Maryam Booth da [[Rahama Sadau]] . An saka ta a fim dinta na farko a Nollywood kusa da Mike Ezuruonye, Mike Angel da Emmanuella a fim mai taken ''Lagos Real Fake Life .'' ====== Hadiza gabon jaruma che kumah yar kasuwah waccha bata dogara da harkar fim kadaiba tanah kasuwan chin agefe , tanah kumah yin shirin datayi mar take da Gabons room talk show. ====== == Jakadanci == Acikin watan Disambar shekarar 2018 ne, kamfanin NASCON Allied Plc,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hagfoundation.com/|title=HAG Foundation - Committed to Serving Humanity|work=|publisher=HAG Foundation|accessdate=22 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010123/http://www.hagfoundation.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ke reshen rukunin kamfanonin [[Dangote Group|Dangote]] , ya bayyana Hadiza Aliyu a matsayin jakadiyar jakadancin Dangote Classic Seasoning a yayin ƙaddamar da kayan haɗa kayan a [[Kano#Tarihin%20Kano|Kano]].<ref>{{cite news|title=NASCON introduces Dangote classic seasoning into Kano market|url=https://businessday.ng/companies/article/nascon-introduces-dangote-classic-seasoning-into-kano-market|work=Businessday NG|date=17 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|url=https://www.proshareng.com/news/Products%20&%20Services/NASCON-launches-New-Dangote-Classic-Seasoning-Cubes/43162#:~:text=The%20Company%20used%20the%20occasion,to%20all%20women%20in%20Nigeria|website=NASCON launches New Dangote Classic Seasoning Cubes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brand Ambassador Market Tour|url=https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|website=NASCON|date=16 July 2019|access-date=1 March 2021|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145350/https://www.nasconplc.com/2019/07/16/brand-ambassador-market-tour/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taimako == Acikin shekarar 2016, Hadiza Gabon ta kafa Kungiyar agaji mai suna HAG Foundation Da nufin inganta rayuwar talakawa ta hanyar samar da taimako a bangarorin ilimi da kiwon lafiya gami da wadatar abinci, Ta zama daya daga cikin ‘yan wasa mata na farko a tarihin [[Kannywood]] da ta gabatar da irin wannan taimakon jin kai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, ta ziyarci sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] inda ta ba da gudummawar kayayyakin abinci, kayan masaka da sauran kayan masarufi da mazauna sansanin suke bukata saboda rikicin arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/entertainment/hadiza-gabon-enlivens-idp-camp/138523.html|title=Hadiza Gabon enlivens IDP camp|work=Daily Trust|publisher=Ibrahim Musa Giginyu|accessdate=19 March 2016}}</ref> == Lamban girma == Hadiza Aliyu ta samu kyaututtuka da girmamawa da dama waɗanda suka hada da shekara ta 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards da [[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|2nd Kannywood / MTN Awards]] a shekara ta 2014. Saboda karramawar da ta yi a matsayin 'yar fim, Hadiza ta karrama acikin shekarar 2013 daga tsohon Gwamnan [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso|Dakta Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso]] . An kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Hollywood ta Afirka a matsayin Jarumar Jarumai mata .<gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140"> |Hadiza Gabon tana karban lamban girma </gallery> === Awad === Lamban girman da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gabonofficial.com/|title=Gabon Official|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324024235/http://www.gabonofficial.com/#!/awards-and-projects/|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Lamban girma ! Rukuni ! Fim ! Sakamako |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | Kwankwasiyya Award | Recognition Award |Kwankwasiyya Award | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2013 | 2013 Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress (Hausa) | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | City People Entertainment Awards | ''Best Actress (Hausa)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |website=hausafilms.tv |accessdate=24 October 2019}}</ref> | ''Babban Zaure'' | {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | 2nd Kannywood/MTN Awards<ref>{{cite web|title=Linda Ikeji's Blog|url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> | Best Actress of the Year(Jury Choice)<ref>{{cite web|title=Premium Times Nigeria|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/176070-late-ibro-honoured-mtn-kannywood-awards-2015.html}}</ref> | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Kannywood AWA 24 Film & Merit Award | Best Supporting Actress | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2016 | African Hollywood Awards | Best Actress<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/hausa-movies-arts-entertainment/214643-hadiza-gabon-usman-uzee-honoured-african-hollywood-awards.html |title=Hadiza Gabon, Usman Uzee honoured at African Hollywood Awards |work =Premium Times Nigeria |publisher=Mohammed Lere |accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> | ''African Films in Hausa Language'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Arewa Night Award | Recognition Award | | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | 2017 Best of Kannywood Award | Best Actress (Hausa)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Agbon |first1=Ehis |title=2017 CITY PEOPLE MOVIE AWARDS (NOMINEES FOR KANNYWOOD) |url=https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |website=Procyon News |accessdate=24 October 2019 |date=16 September 2017 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018124155/https://procyonnews.com/2017-city-people-movie-awards-nominees-for-kannywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | {{Nom}} |- |} === Kyaututuka === Jadawalin kyaututtukan martabawa da Hadiza Aliyu Gabon ta samu {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Girmamawa !Rukuni !Bangare |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Kano State Senior Secondary Schools Management Board |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BNwVKYBhVtd/|title=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon on Instagram: Alhamdulillah ✌🏼️👌👌🏻|work=Instagram|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu Gabon|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref> |''Educational Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Statup Kano |Certificate of Appreciation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AdizatouGabon/status/809842395844149252|title=Was honored to be part of Startup Kano Women Conference.. Women empowerment gives me so much joy. Alhamdulillah.|work=Twitter|publisher=Hadiza Aliyu|accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> |''Empowerment Support'' |- ! scope="row" |2016 |Billycares Charity Foundation |Recognition Award | ''Philanthropy'' |- ! scope="row" |2019 |Hausa Students Association of Nigeria (BUK) |Recognition Award |''Educational Support'' |- |} === Fina finai === {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+ Fina finan ta Aliyu |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" ! Shekara ! Sunan Fim ! Matsayin ! Nau'i |- | | ''Daina Kuka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Farar Saka'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Fataken Dare'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Kolo(film)|Kolo'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Mukaddari'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Sakayya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | | ''Ziyadat'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2009 | ''Artabu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Wasila(film)|Wasila'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2010 | ''Umarnin Uwa'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Aisha Humaira'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | '''Yar Maye'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Badi Ba Rai'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Akirizzaman'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Dare Daya'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2012 | ''Wata Tafi Wata'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Da Kai Zan Gana'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Haske'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2013 | ''Ban Sani Ba'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Mai Dalilin Aure'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ali Yaga Ali'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Basaja'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Uba Da 'Da'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Indon Kauye'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |- | 2014 | ''Ba'asi'' | Jaruma | Fim |- | 2014 | ''Jarumta'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Gida da waje'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2017 | ''Ciki Da Raino'' |Jaruma |Barkwanci/Fim |- |2019 | ''Hawwa Kulu'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Wakili'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Dan Birnin'' | Jaruma | Fim |- |2019 | ''Gidan Badamasi'' | Jaruma | Barkwanci/Fim |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="140" caption="Hotunan Hadiza Gabon"> File:Hadiza Aliyu on Dandalina.jpg|Sanye da farin kaya File:Hadiza Gabon.jpg </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Rahama Sadau]] * [[Hafsat Idris]] * [[Jamila Nagudu]] * [[Fati Washa]] * [[Maryam Booth]] * [[Maryam Yahaya]] * [[Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya]] == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu,Hadiza}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan fim]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1989]] ni4mc1zu09me3t0smdrbfouqu2s0ast 0 11039 965790 905050 2026-10-10T13:51:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dunukofia''' ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]]. '''Dunukofia''' wata [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce da ke Jihar [[Anambra]] , a yankin kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dunukofia Local Government Area, Anambra State |url=https://dunukofialga-anambra.ng/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=dunukofialga-anambra.ng |archive-date=2025-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611030323/https://dunukofialga-anambra.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙaramar hukumar sun haɗa da Ukpo, wadda ita ce hedikwata;<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-11-09 |title=List of Local Government Areas in Anambra State with Headquarters |url=https://xplorer.ng/anambra/list-of-local-government-areas-in-anambra-state-with-headquarters/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Xplorer.ng |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216174654/https://xplorer.ng/anambra/list-of-local-government-areas-in-anambra-state-with-headquarters/ |archive-date=2025-12-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ifitedunu, Dunukofia Umunnachi, Umudioka, Ukwulu da Nawgu. Yankin yana iyaka da Ƙananan Hukumomin Awka ta Arewa, Idemili ta Arewa, Njikoka da Oyi. Dunukofia tana ƙarƙashin mazabar sanatoci ta Anambra ta Tsakiya a Jihar Anambra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra Senatorial Districts |url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Centre for Community and Rural Development |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260527053606/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin jama'ar yankin noma ne, amma an samu manyan cibiyoyi a fannin kasuwanci da ilimi. Yawan jama'a a nan yana cikin mafi girma a duk fadin Najeriya. Akwai asibitoci na gama gari a Ifitedunu da Ukpo da kuma makarantun sakandare kusan goma sha biyu ga maza da mata. Dunukofia yana cikin kananan hukumomi mafi sauki a jihar Anambra, tare da hanyoyin tarayya da na jiha da ke ratsa ta a wurare daban-daban. Makarantar Sakandare ta St Mary's Ifitedunu tana daya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun bayan firamare a jihar Anambra. Kamar yadda aka yi a kidayar jama'a ta 2006, wannan karamar hukumar tana da jimillar mutane 96,517.<ref>"Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2025-06-30.</ref> == Yanayin Ƙasa == Lokutan ruwa da bushewa sune manyan yanayi biyu da karamar hukumar Dunukofia ke fuskanta kowace shekara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na yankin shine 28 °C (82 °F), kuma akwai matsakaicin milimita 2,950 (inci 116) na ruwan sama a can kowace shekara.<ref>"Dunukofia Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2023-08-12.</ref> == Tsarin Arziki == A karamar hukumar Dunukofia, ana noma nau'ikan amfanin gona iri-iri, ciki har da doya, shinkafa, rogo, da masara, kuma noma shine babban aikin tattalin arziki na mazauna yankin. karamar hukumar Dunukofia, wacce take gida ga kasuwanni da yawa kamar kasuwar Afor Igwe a Umudioka, kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce.<ref>"Dunukofia Postal Code | Post Code | Zip Code List". nigeriapostal.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.</ref><ref>"Enhancing Income through Cocoyam Production, Processing and Consumption Patterns In Dunukofia Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria"</ref> == Mutane masu shahara == * Hon Sir Chukuwidi Okeke (Ikpoaku na Ukpo) * Engineer Arthur Eze (Ozoigbondu) * Charles Oramulu Onwuche - masanin tattalin arziki kuma mai tsara siyasa * Morocco Maduka[ana buƙatar ambato] * <br /> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunukofia}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] rpnij1jx2v6rckpwz65ef3jj9btewgd 0 13273 965907 833814 2026-10-10T18:51:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2019.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9867.jpg|thumb|amna mizouni]] [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni at Wikimania 2018 panel.jpg|thumb|Emna mizouni]] '''Emna Mizouni''' ( [[larabci]] : آمنة الميزوني, an haife ta a shekarata alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai (1987) ) yar asalin [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] ce mai gwagwarmaya ta yanar gizo da [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]], yar Jarida ce mai zaman kanta, masaniyar sadarwa da kuma zartarwar a kasuwanci.<ref name=rc2019>{{cite web|url=https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|title=Emna Mizouni|publisher=RightsCon 2019|date=June 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|language=|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194935/https://rightscon2019.sched.com/speaker/emnamizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=anb>{{cite web|url=https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|title=Tunisian activist Emna Mizouni joins Access Now board|publisher=Access Now|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019|language=|archive-date=22 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822105948/https://www.accessnow.org/tunisian-activist-emna-mizouni-joins-access-now-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimako wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yulin 2019 an nada ta tayi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Maris na shekarar 2013, Mizouni ya kafa Carthagina, wani yunƙuri da aka ƙaddamar don ƙirƙirar sha'awar al'adun Tunusiya a gida da waje.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|title=Des cartes postales pour partager l’amour de la Tunisie à travers le monde|author=Sghaier, Mohamed Ali|publisher=Tunis Webdo|accessdate=20 February 2015|language=French|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826194936/http://www.webdo.tn/2015/02/20/des-cartes-postales-pour-faire-partager-lamour-de-la-tunisie-a-travers-le-monde/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eastwest.eu/it/opinioni/open-doors/rinascita-medina-tunisi-reportage|title=I nuovi sogni della medina di Tunisi|author=Pierandrei, Elisa|publisher=eastwest.eu|accessdate=2 April 2018 |language=Italian}}</ref> A watan Agusta na shekarar 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya.<ref name=wikifdn>{{cite web|url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2019/08/18/meet-emna-mizouni-the-newly-minted-2019-wikimedian-of-the-year/|title=Meet Emna Mizouni, the newly minted 2019 Wikimedian of the Year|author=Erhart, Ed|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=18 August 2019|accessdate=26 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == An tayar da shi a Tunis babban birnin [[Tunis|Tunisiya]], Mizouni ya takaita ne daga Lycée Khaznadar a gundumar Le Bardo a cikin 2006. Daga nan sai ta halarci École supérieure de commerce (ESCT) a Tunis inda ta fara digiri na biyu a cikin gudanarwa (2009) sannan ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a cikin kasuwanci, tattaunawar kasuwanci, da sadarwa (2011). Bayan karatun ta, ta yi aiki a cikin tallata kuma a matsayinta na 'yar jarida kuma mai gabatar da radiyo. A watan Yuni na shekarar 2012, an ba ta mukamin Jami'in Kula da Sadarwa da Sadarwa na Majalisar Burtaniya.<ref name=doyou>{{cite web|url=https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|title=Emna Mizouni: Marketing, Communication, Relations publiques, Community Managemen|publisher=doyoubuzz.com|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=French|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827092355/https://www.doyoubuzz.com/emna-mizouni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html|title=Tunisia: British Council Launches Projects, Urges Youth to Take Part in Sociopolitical Debates|publisher=allAfinca|date=10 March 2014|accessdate=27 August 2019|language=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612093652/https://allafrica.com/stories/201403110506.html/|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aiki == Bayan sufirin ta larabawa, Mizouni ta fahimci cewa ilimin game da tarihin kasarta da al'adun su sun takaita. Sakamakon haka, tare da sauran masu haɗin gwiwar, ta kafa Carthagina (dangane da Carthage, tsohuwar sunan Tunis) wanda aka tsara don inganta al'adun al'adun Tunusiya. Pr Safwan Masri, wanda aka ambata a cikin littafinsa «Tunisiya an an Analyaly» cewa yayin ganawa da Emna, ta ba shi labarin "mahimmancin bayan juyin juya halin Jasmine na Tunisiyanci game da bambance bambancen da tarihin rayuwar Bahar Rum yayin da suke tsara makomar su".<ref name="Masri2017">{{cite book|author=Safwan M. Masri|title=Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sBgwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT553|date=5 September 2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54502-0|pages=553–}}</ref> A shekara ta 2017, a matsayinta na shugabar shirin, ta yi bayani: “Bayan juyin juya halin, mutane da yawa sun yi mamakin asalin kasar. Bambancin gabatarwa game da tarihinmu da al'adunmu sun nuna ƙarancin iliminmu sosai. " Tare da [[Wikipedia]] da Wikimedia Commons, ta shirya gasawar hoto da ta mayar da hankali kan rukunin al'adun kasar Tunusiya, tare da samun nasarar mahalarta su gabatar da daruruwan hotunan tare da hadin gwiwar aikin GLAM na Wikimedia. Wannan ya haifar da aikin Carthagina "MedinaPedia", yana ba da damar samun bayanai game da shafukan Tunis Medina a kan wayoyin hannu ta lambobin QR.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/reportages/quatre-projets-associatifs-qui-font-bouger-la-tunisie|title=Quatre projets associatifs qui font bouger la Tunisie|author=Blaise, Lilia|publisher=Middle East Eye|date=18 October 2017|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jamaity.org/2015/08/medinapedia-tous-sur-les-tresors-de-la-medina-de-tunis/|title=MedinaPedia: Tous sur les trésors de la Médina de Tunis|publisher=Jamaity|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref> Wani aikin GLAM ne ya jagoranci ta hanyar Mizouni; Wikimedian a Gida a cikin Diocesan Library of Tunis, tare da haɗin gwiwar Library da Archdiocese na Tunis wanda Archbishop na Ilario Antoniazzi ya sanya hannu kuma ɗayan membobin Carthagina da Wikimedian Zeineb Takouti ne suka sanya hannu . Mizouni ya kuma ga Carthagina a matsayin wani abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa don nuna sha'awar kasarsu ta hanya mai ƙarfi, maimakon bin kawai abubuwan darussan tarihi a makaranta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slideshare.net/Carthagina/interview-carthagina-ralit|title="Carthagina": À la recherche du patrimoine perdu|author=Bahri, Farouk|publisher=Réalité|date=30 March 2016|accessdate=29 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref> [[Fayil:Wikimania 2019 closing ceremony - Emna Mizouni - Wikipedian of the year 9878.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Emna Mizouni kuma wakilin kungiyar karama ce ta kare hakkin mata na Tunisiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|title=Concept Note - TFGE side event by Digital Citizenship Org|date=April 2019|publisher=Tunis Gender Forum|accessdate=29 August 2019|language=|archive-date=29 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829141819/http://tunisgenderforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/sideevent_DigitalCitizenshipOrganization.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma, tare da Leila Ben-Gacem da Zeineb Takouti, sune suka kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta Digital Digiri wacce ke ba da damar samun bayanai game da ilimin boko na dijital don karancinsu. kungiyoyi. Har ila yau ita ce mai ba da izini ta Duniya Shapers, Tunis, wanda ke mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin zamantakewa, 'yan ƙasa da al'adu..<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.globalshapers.org/hubs/tunis-hub|title=Tunis Hub|publisher=Global Shapers Community|accessdate=30 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> Bayan samun nasarar taimaka wajan shirya RightCon Tunis, a watan Yuli na 2019 an nada ta ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na duniya na Kungiyar International Now, kungiyar [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil-adama]] ta kasa da kasa ta hanyar intanet . A watan Agusta na 2019, a Taron Wikimedia a [[Stockholm]], an karrama ta a matsayin Wikimedian na Shekarar 2019 sakamakon rawar da ta taka a ci gaban al’ummomin kasashen larabawa da na Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu wajen bunkasa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Tunisiya. [[Fayil:Emna Mizouni crop.jpg|thumb|Emna Mizouni]] Katherine Maher, Babban Darakta na [[Wikimedia Foundation]], ta yaba wa Mizouni kan kokarin da ta yi: "Emna ita ce mai ba da gajiya da kuma gwarzo don neman ilimi kyauta. Aikinta, haɗin gwiwa, da sha’awarta don kiyaye al'adun Tunisiya ya buɗe al'adun Tunisiya, mutane, da tarihin sauran ƙasashen duniya,"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://onezero.medium.com/meet-%C3%A9mna-mizouni-the-wikimedian-of-the-year-2c3908740a69|title=Meet Émna Mizouni, the Wikimedian of the Year|author=Harrison, Stephen|publisher=OneZero|date=|accessdate=31 August 2019 |language=}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe == * 2018: Mizouni, Emna: ''kimantawa de la stratégie de sadarwa d'un nouveau kafofin watsa labarai'', Editions universitaires européennes, '''ISBN|978-3-639-50786-7'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morebooks.de/store/gb/book/evaluation-de-la-strat%C3%A9gie-de-communication-d-un-nouveau-m%C3%A9dia/isbn/978-3-639-50786-7|title=Evaluation de la stratégie de communication d'un nouveau media|publisher=MoreBooks|accessdate=27 August 2019 |language=French}}</ref>   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://about.me/emna.mizouni Emna Mizouni game da.me] * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * Emna Mizouni * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi6IlA7piFU Bidiyo na Zaman rufewa a Wikimania 2019: Kyautar Mizouni daga karfe 24:00] [[Category:Editocin Wikimedia na Shekara]] 9vla8k0j0i0vf50y5vjar5dnlra24zc 0 18897 966119 877508 2026-10-11T11:08:32Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373312894|Deception]]" 966119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaudara''' aiki ne na shawo kan wani ko kuma mutane da yawa da suka karɓi bayanai marasa tushe . Mutumin da ke ƙirƙirar yaudarar ya san ƙarya ce yayin da mai karɓar bayanin bai san hakan ba. Sau da yawa ana yin sa ne don samun riba ko kuma don amfanin kai. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Definition of 'deception' – English Dictionary |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/deception |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905070912/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/deception |archive-date=September 5, 2019 |access-date=November 11, 2018 |website=[[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary|Cambridge Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Definition of 'deceive' |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/deceive |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421214557/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/deceive |archive-date=April 21, 2019 |access-date=November 11, 2018 |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref> Deceit and dishonesty can also form grounds for civil litigation in tort, or contract law (where it is known as misrepresentation or fraudulent misrepresentation if deliberate), or give rise to criminal prosecution for fraud.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deception |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/deception}}</ref> == Types == === Sadarwa === [[File:Witkiewicz_Deception_of_woman.jpg|thumb| ''Yaudara mace, tare da hoton kansa'' ta Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, 1927 ( National Museum, Warsaw )]] Ka'idar Yaudara Tsakanin Mutane ta binciko alaƙar da ke tsakanin mahallin sadarwa da fahimta da ɗabi'u na mai aikawa da mai karɓa a cikin musayar yaudara. Wasu nau'ikan yaudara sun haɗa da: * Ƙarya : ƙirƙirar bayanai ko bayar da bayanai da suka saba wa gaskiya ko kuma suka bambanta sosai da gaskiya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last3=Jeremy Griffith}}</ref> * Kurakurai : yin magana a kaikaice, mara tabbas, ko kuma mai karo da juna. * Boyewa : kawar da bayanai masu mahimmanci ko masu dacewa da mahallin da aka bayar, ko kuma shiga cikin halayen da ke taimakawa wajen ɓoye bayanai masu dacewa. * Karin Magana : Karin Magana ko fadada gaskiya zuwa wani mataki. * Karin magana : rage ko rage girman ɓangarorin gaskiya. * Rashin Gaskiya: kuskuren fahimtar gaskiya. Buller da Burgoon (1996) sun gabatar da wasu ka'idoji guda uku don bambance dalilan yaudara bisa ga Ka'idar Yaudara ta Mutum da Mutum: * Kayan aiki: don guje wa hukunci ko kare albarkatu * Dangantaka: don kiyaye dangantaka ko alaƙa * Identity: don kiyaye "fuska" ko kuma kamannin kai <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Buller |first=D. B. |last2=Burgoon |first2=J. K. |year=1996 |title=Interpersonal Deception Theory |journal=Communication Theory |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=203–242 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00127.x |s2cid=146464264}}</ref> === Bayyanar === ==== Mimicry ==== A duniyar halittu, kwaikwayon ya ƙunshi yaudara ta hanyar kamanceceniya da wata halitta, ko kuma ga wani abu na halitta. Misali, dabbobi na iya yaudarar masu farauta ko farauta ta hanyar gani, [[Sauti|ji]] ko wasu hanyoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mimicry &#124; Definition & Examples &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/mimicry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317193003/https://www.britannica.com/science/mimicry |archive-date=March 17, 2025 |access-date=February 25, 2025}}</ref> ==== Kyankyaso ==== [[File:Young_red_necked_wallaby.jpg|thumb| Wannan wallaby yana da launuka masu daidaitawa wanda ke ba shi damar haɗuwa da muhallinsa.]] Boye wani abu na zahiri sau da yawa yana aiki ta hanyar karya iyakokin gani na wannan abu. Wannan yawanci ya ƙunshi yin wa abin da aka ɓoye launin launi iri ɗaya da asalin da za a ɓoye abin a kai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of CAMOUFLAGE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/camouflage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415184301/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/camouflage |archive-date=April 15, 2025 |access-date=February 25, 2025}}</ref> Rufe ido na soja a matsayin wani nau'i na yaudarar gani wani ɓangare ne na kamfen da yawa. ==== Ɓoye ==== Ana amfani da ɓoye-ɓoye don ƙirƙirar yanayin kamannin ƙarya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of DISGUISE |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disguise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221175352/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/disguise |archive-date=February 21, 2025 |access-date=February 25, 2025}}</ref> Tarin labarai na ƙarni na sha bakwai, littafin Zhang Yingyu mai suna ''The Book of Swindles'' (kimanin 1617), ya ba da misalai da yawa na dabarun kama-karya da zamba waɗanda suka haɗa da haɓaka kwadayi a daular Ming-China. == A cikin dangantakar soyayya == [[File:Edward_Burne-Jones_-_The_Beguiling_of_Merlin.jpg|thumb| ''Littafin The Beguiling of Merlin'', na Edward Burne-Jones, 1874]] An kuma lura da kuma nazarin yaudara a cikin soyayya . <ref name="Cole">{{Cite journal |last=Cole |first=T. |year=2001 |title=Lying to the one you love: The use of deceptions in romantic relationships |journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=107–129 |doi=10.1177/0265407501181005 |s2cid=44014065}}</ref> Akwai manyan dalilai guda uku na yaudara a cikin dangantaka. {| class="wikitable" !Dalilan yaudara ! Bayani |- | '''Dalilan da suka mayar da hankali kan abokin tarayya''' | Amfani da yaudara don guje wa cutar da abokin tarayya, don taimaka wa abokin tarayya ya inganta ko kiyaye girman kansa, don guje wa damuwa da abokin tarayya, da kuma kare dangantakar abokin tarayya da wani ɓangare na uku. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Guthrie |first=J. |last2=Kunkel |first2=A. |year=2013 |title=Tell me sweet (and not-so-sweet) little lies: Deception in romantic relationships |journal=Communication Studies |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=141–157 |doi=10.1080/10510974.2012.755637 |s2cid=53677161}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Boon |first=S. D. |last2=McLeod |first2=B. A. |year=2001 |title=Deception in Romantic Relationships: Subjective Estimates of Success at Deceiving and Attitudes toward Deception |journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=463–476 |doi=10.1177/0265407501184002 |s2cid=144821127}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lemay |first=E. P. |last2=Bechis |first2=M. A. |last3=Martin |first3=J. |last4=Neal |first4=A. M. |last5=Coyne |first5=C. |year=2013 |title=Concealing negative evaluations of a romantic partner's physical attractiveness |journal=Personal Relationships |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=669–689 |doi=10.1111/pere.12007}}</ref> Yaudarar da abokin tarayya ya yi amfani da ita a wasu lokutan ana iya kallonta a matsayin ladabi ga zamantakewa da kuma amfani ga dangantaka, kamar faɗin ƙarya don guje wa cutar da abokin tarayya. Ko da yake wasu dalilai, waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan abokin tarayya kamar amfani da yaudara don tayar da martanin kishi daga abokin tarayya na iya yin illa ga dangantaka. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheets |first=V. L. |last2=Fredendall |first2=L. L. |last3=Claypool |first3=H. M. |year=1997 |title=Jealousy evocation, partner reassurance, and relationship stability: An exploration of the potential benefits of jealousy |journal=Evolution and Human Behavior |volume=18 |issue=6 |pages=387–402 |bibcode=1997EHumB..18..387S |doi=10.1016/S1090-5138(97)00088-3}}</ref> |- | '''Dalilan mayar da hankali kan kai''' | Amfani da yaudara don inganta ko kare mutuncin mutum, kiyaye ko tabbatar da 'yancin kansa, guje wa ƙuntatawa, ayyukan da ba a so, ko tilastawa, kare kansa daga fushi, kunya, ko suka, ko warware jayayya. <ref name="Cole" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2" /> Wani dalili na yau da kullun na yaudara shine ci gaba da yaudara don gujewa kamawa cikin wata yaudara ta baya. <ref name=":1" /> Yaudarar kai gabaɗaya ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babban laifi fiye da yaudarar da abokin tarayya ke yi, domin mai yaudara yana yin aiki ne don dalilai na son kai maimakon don amfanin abokin tarayya ko dangantaka. |- | '''Dalilan da suka mayar da hankali kan dangantaka''' | Amfani da yaudara don iyakance lalacewar dangantaka ta hanyar guje wa rikici ko raunin dangantaka. <ref name=":1" /> Yaudarar da aka yi da alaƙa da dangantaka na iya zama da amfani ga dangantaka, kuma a wasu lokutan tana iya zama cutarwa ta hanyar ƙara rikitar da al'amura. Ana iya amfani da yaudara don sauƙaƙe wargaza dangantaka da ba a so. <ref name="Cole" /> |} Yaudara tana shafar fahimtar dangantaka ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ga mai yaudara da kuma wanda aka yaudare. Mayaudari yawanci yana ganin ƙarancin fahimta da kusanci daga dangantakar, ta yadda yake ganin abokin tarayyarsa a matsayin wanda ba shi da tausayi kuma mai nisa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=DePaulo |first=B. M. |last2=Kashy |first2=D. A. |year=1998 |title=Everyday lies in close and casual relationships |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=63–79 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.63 |pmid=9457776 |s2cid=20626244}}</ref> Wannan yaudarar na iya haifar da damuwa ga mai yaudara, wanda hakan ke ƙara muni muddin mai yaudarar ya san wanda ya yaudare, da kuma a cikin dangantaka mai tsawo. Da zarar an gano, yaudara tana haifar da jin rabuwa da rashin jin daɗi da ke kewaye da dangantakar ga abokan hulɗar biyu; wannan a ƙarshe zai iya haifar da rabuwa da abokan hulɗar biyu daga dangantakar ko kuma lalacewar dangantakar. <ref name="Cole" /> Gabaɗaya, gano yaudara na iya haifar da raguwar gamsuwa da dangantaka da matakin sadaukarwa, duk da haka, a lokutan da aka yaudari mutum cikin nasara, gamsuwar dangantaka na iya yin tasiri mai kyau ga mutumin da aka yaudari, tunda galibi ana amfani da ƙarya don sa ɗayan abokin tarayya ya ji daɗi game da dangantakar. Gabaɗaya, yaudara ba ta faruwa sau da yawa a cikin dangantaka mai matuƙar gamsuwa da sadaukarwa da kuma a cikin dangantaka inda abokan hulɗa suka daɗe suna sanin juna, kamar dangantaka ta dogon lokaci da aure. <ref name="Cole" /> Idan aka kwatanta, yaudara ta fi faruwa a cikin dangantaka ta yau da kullun da kuma a cikin soyayya inda matakin alƙawari da tsawon lokacin da aka saba da su galibi suna da ƙasa sosai. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Rowatt |first=W. C. |last2=Cunninghan |first2=M. R. |last3=Druen |first3=P. B. |year=1998 |title=Deception to get a date |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin |volume=24 |issue=11 |pages=1228–1242 |doi=10.1177/01461672982411009 |s2cid=144546956}}</ref> === Yaudara da rashin imani === Amfani da yaudara a cikin nau'in rashin aminci ya bambanta da na soyayya. Idan ana maganar faruwar rashin imani, abubuwa da yawa da suka bambanta mutum ɗaya na iya shafar wannan ɗabi'ar. Rashin aminci yana shafar salon haɗewa, gamsuwar dangantaka, aikin zartarwa, [[Jima'i na zamantakewa|yanayin zamantakewa]], halayen mutum, da jinsi . Salon haɗewa yana shafar yuwuwar rashin aminci kuma bincike ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da salon haɗewa mara tsaro (masu damuwa ko masu gujewa) sun fi iya yin yaudara idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ke da salon haɗewa mai aminci, <ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=DeWall |first=C. N. |last2=Lambert |first2=N. M. |last3=Slotter |first3=E. B. |last4=Pond |first4=R. S. Jr. |last5=Deckman |first5=T. |last6=Finkel |first6=E. J. |last7=Luchies |first7=L. B. |last8=Fincham |first8=F. D. |year=2011 |title=So Far Away From One's Partner, Yet So Close to Romantic Alternatives: Avoidant Attachment, Interest in Alternatives, and Infidelity |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=1302–1316 |doi=10.1037/a0025497 |pmid=21967006 |s2cid=16982198}}</ref> musamman ga maza masu gujewa da mata masu damuwa. <ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=E. S. |last2=Baucom |first2=D. H. |year=2004 |title=Adult Attachment and Patterns of Extradyadic Involvement |journal=Family Process |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=467–488 |doi=10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.00035.x |pmid=15605979 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Salon haɗewa mara tsaro ana siffanta shi da rashin jin daɗi a cikin dangantakar soyayya wanda ke haifar da sha'awar zama mai 'yanci fiye da kima (salon haɗewa mara kyau) ko kuma sha'awar dogaro da abokin tarayya ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba (salon haɗewa mai damuwa). Waɗanda ke da salon soyayya mai rashin tsaro ana siffanta su da rashin yarda cewa abokin tarayyarsu na soyayya zai iya/za ta tallafa musu da kuma ta'azantar da su ta hanya mai inganci, ko dai ya samo asali ne daga mummunan imani game da kansu (salon soyayya mai cike da damuwa) ko kuma mummunan imani game da wasu na soyayya (salon soyayya mai cike da gujewa). Mata sun fi saurin yin rashin aminci idan ba su gamsu da dangantakarsu ba yayin da maza suka fi saurin yin rashin aminci idan ba su gamsu da dangantakar da suke da ita ta jima'i ba. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Barta |first=W. D. |last2=Kiene |first2=S. M. |year=2005 |title=Motivations for infidelity in heterosexual dating couples: The roles of gender, personality differences, and sociosexual orientation |journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=339–360 |doi=10.1177/0265407505052440 |s2cid=145727447}}</ref> Mata sun fi saurin aikata rashin aminci na motsin rai fiye da maza yayin da maza suka fi yuwuwar aikata rashin aminci na jima'i fiye da mata; duk da haka, waɗannan ba nau'ikan da ba su da bambanci ba ne domin maza da mata za su iya kuma suna iya shiga cikin rashin aminci na motsin rai ko na jima'i. <ref name=":6" /> Kula da zartarwa wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan zartarwa wanda ke ba mutane damar sa ido da sarrafa halayensu ta hanyar tunani game da kuma sarrafa ayyukansu. Matakin ikon zartarwa da mutum ke da shi yana shafar ci gaba da gogewa kuma ana iya inganta shi ta hanyar horo da aiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diamond |first=A. |last2=Lee |first2=K. |year=2011 |title=Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=333 |issue=6045 |pages=959–964 |bibcode=2011Sci...333..959D |doi=10.1126/science.1204529 |pmc=3159917 |pmid=21852486}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klingberg |first=T. |year=2010 |title=Training and plasticity of working memory |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=317–324 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002 |pmid=20630350 |s2cid=17438995}}</ref> Waɗanda suka nuna babban iko na zartarwa za su iya yin tasiri/ikon sarrafa tunaninsu da halayensu cikin sauƙi dangane da barazanar da ka iya tasowa ga dangantaka mai ci gaba wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarancin kulawa ga barazanar da ke tattare da dangantakar yanzu (sauran abokan soyayya masu yuwuwa). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pronk |first=T. M. |last2=Karremans |first2=J. C. |last3=Wigboldus |first3=D. H. J. |year=2011 |title=How can you resist? Executive control helps romantically involved individuals to stay faithful |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=827–837 |doi=10.1037/a0021993 |pmid=21244181 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[Jima'i na zamantakewa|Ilimin zamantakewa]] yana da alaƙa da yadda mutane ke shiga cikin jima'i na yau da kullun a waje da dangantaka mai kyau da kuma imaninsu game da yadda yake da mahimmanci a yi jima'i da wani. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=J. A. |last2=Gangestad |first2=S. W. |year=1991 |title=Individual differences in sociosexuality: Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=870–883 |bibcode=1991JPSP...60..870S |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870 |pmid=1865325}}</ref> Mutane masu [[Jima'i na zamantakewa|ra'ayin zamantakewa]] da ba su da tsauri sosai (wanda ya fi yiwuwa su shiga cikin jima'i na yau da kullun) sun fi shiga cikin rashin aminci. <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":7" /> Mutane masu halaye na ɗabi'a, waɗanda suka haɗa da (babban) rashin son kai, (ƙananan) yarda, da kuma (ƙananan) rashin sanin yakamata, sun fi saurin aikata rashin aminci. <ref name=":6" /> Galibi ana hasashen maza suna yin maguɗi fiye da mata, amma ba a san ko wannan ya faru ne sakamakon tsarin zamantakewa inda ya fi dacewa ga maza su yi maguɗi idan aka kwatanta da mata ko kuma saboda ƙaruwar wannan ɗabi'a ga maza. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Conley |first=T. D. |last2=Moors |first2=A. C. |last3=Matsick |first3=J. L. |last4=Ziegler |first4=A. |last5=Valentine |first5=B. A. |year=2011 |title=Women, men, and the bedroom: Methodological and conceptual insights that narrow, reframe, and eliminate gender differences in sexuality |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=296–300 |doi=10.1177/0963721411418467 |s2cid=109937245}}</ref> Binciken da Conley da abokan aikinsa suka gudanar (2011) ya nuna cewa dalilin da ke bayan waɗannan bambance-bambancen jinsi ya samo asali ne daga mummunan kyamar da ake nunawa ga mata waɗanda ke yin jima'i ba tare da wata matsala ba da kuma hasashen game da ikon jima'i na abokin tarayya mai yuwuwa. A cikin bincikensu, maza da mata sun yi daidai da yiwuwar karɓar shawarar jima'i daga mutumin da aka yi hasashen yana da babban ƙarfin jima'i. Bugu da ƙari, mata suna da yuwuwar karɓar shawarar jima'i kamar maza idan ba su yi tsammanin za a yi musu mummunan zagin mata da aka yarda da su ta hanyar jima'i ba kamar yadda ake yi wa mata masu lalata. <ref name=":8" /> === Yaudara ta soyayya ta yanar gizo === {{excerpt|Interrogation|Deception}}Bincike kan amfani da yaudara a soyayya ta yanar gizo ya nuna cewa mutane gabaɗaya suna da gaskiya game da kansu banda halayen jiki don su bayyana mafi kyau. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Can You Really Trust the People You Meet Online? &#124; Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/close-encounters/201407/can-you-really-trust-the-people-you-meet-online |website=www.psychologytoday.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2015 |title=Myth-busting online dating |url=http://www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2015/5/14/mythbusting-online-dating.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018125732/http://www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2015/5/14/mythbusting-online-dating.html |archive-date=October 18, 2016 |access-date=October 25, 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Detecting Deception in Online Profiles &#124; Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/let-their-words-do-the-talking/201111/detecting-deception-in-online-profiles |website=www.psychologytoday.com}}</ref> A cewar Scientific American, "tara cikin goma masu soyayya a yanar gizo za su yi magana game da tsayinsu, nauyinsu, ko shekarunsu" ta yadda maza za su fi yin ƙarya game da tsayi yayin da mata za su fi yin ƙarya game da nauyi. A wani bincike da Toma da Hancock suka gudanar, "an gano cewa mutanen da ba su da kyan gani sun fi zaɓar hoton bayanin martaba wanda ya fi kyau fiye da yadda suke a rayuwar yau da kullun". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2011 |title=Big fat liars: Less attractive people have more deceptive online dating profiles |url=http://bigthink.com/dollars-and-sex/big-fat-liars-less-attractive-people-have-more-deceptive-online-dating-profiles}}</ref> Duk jinsi biyu sun yi amfani da wannan dabarar a bayanan soyayya ta yanar gizo, amma mata sun fi maza. <ref name=":5" /> Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ba su da kyan gani sun fi "ƙarya game da ma'aunin kyawun jiki kamar tsayi da nauyi". <ref name=":5" /> Gabaɗaya, maza sun fi yin ƙarya a kan bayanan soyayya banda ɗaya shine mata sun fi yin ƙarya game da kiba. <ref name=":4" /> == A cikin kasuwanci == Mutanen da ke yin shawarwari suna jin kamar suna son yin amfani da yaudara. A cikin tattaunawar, ya haɗa da ɓangarorin biyu su amince da juna da kuma girmama juna. A tattaunawar, wani ɓangare ba ya san abin da ke faruwa a ɗayan ɓangaren abin da ke buƙatar a yi shawarwari a kai ba. Yaudara a cikin tattaunawa tana zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma kowannensu yana da martaninsa (Gaspar et al., 2019). <ref name="Gaspar 62–81">{{Cite journal |last=Gaspar |first=Joseph P. |last2=Methasani |first2=Redona |last3=Schweitzer |first3=Maurice |date=February 2019 |title=Fifty Shades of Deception: Characteristics and Consequences of Lying in Negotiations |url=http://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amp.2017.0047 |journal=Academy of Management Perspectives |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=62–81 |doi=10.5465/amp.2017.0047 |issn=1558-9080 |s2cid=149085360 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Ajiye farashi: Rashin faɗin ainihin kasafin kuɗi ko farashin da mutum ke da shi a zuciya. * Ba daidai ba ne a bayyana abubuwan da ake sha'awa: Samun abubuwan da ake sha'awa idan mai siye ya nuna yana cikin matsananciyar damuwa. * Ƙirƙirar gaskiya: Wannan shine mafi girman ɓangaren rashin ɗa'a, inda mutum yake ƙarya game da kayan aiki da bayanai masu ɓatarwa don samun siyarwa. * Yin watsi da mahimmanci: Rashin faɗin wani abu mai amfani da za a sani: misali, mota na iya zama kamar sabuwa amma ba zai taimaka ba idan mai siyarwa ya manta da gaskiyar cewa akwai matsala da watsawa. <ref name="Gaspar 62–81" /> == A fannin aikin jarida == Yaudarar aikin jarida ta kama daga ayyukan da ba na aiki ba (watau haɗuwa zuwa zanga-zangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam) zuwa yaudarar aiki (watau bayyana kanka da ƙarya ta waya, ana ɗaukarka aiki a matsayin ma'aikaci a asibitin mahaukata). <ref name="braun:88">{{Cite journal |last=Braun |first=Paul |date=January 1988 |title=Deception in journalism: 1987 Undergraduate Division Winner of the Carol Burnett/University of Hawaii/AEJMC Student Papers in Journalism Ethics |journal=Journal of Mass Media Ethics |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=77–83 |doi=10.1080/08900528809358312}}</ref> Paul Braun ya ce ɗan jaridar bai bambanta da sauran jama'a ba wajen amfani da yaudara. <ref name="braun:88" /> == A cikin tambayoyi == {{excerpt|Interrogation|Deception}} == Suruki == {{excerpt|Military deception}}Don dalilai na shari'a, yaudara laifi ne da ke faruwa lokacin da mutum ya yi kuskuren bayani na gaskiya, yana sanin cewa ƙarya ne (ko rashin yarda da gaskiyarsa da kuma yin sakaci game da ko gaskiya ne) kuma yana nufin mai karɓa ya dogara da shi, kuma mai karɓa ya yi abin da zai cutar da shi ta hanyar dogaro da shi. Yaudara kuma na iya zama dalilan shigar da ƙara a shari'a a cikin dokar kwangila (wanda aka sani da ɓatanci, ko kuma idan da gangan aka yi shi, ɓatanci na zamba ), ko kuma gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya, bisa ga zamba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Misrepresentation |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/misrepresentation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711001242/https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/misrepresentation |archive-date=July 11, 2025 |access-date=July 29, 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fraud |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/fraud}}</ref> == A yaƙi == {{excerpt|Military deception}} == A cikin addini == Yaudara batu ne da aka saba tattaunawa a cikin addini. Wasu majiyoyi sun mayar da hankali kan yadda nassoshin addini ke magance yaudara. Amma wasu majiyoyi sun fi mayar da hankali kan yaudarar da addinan suka ƙirƙira. Misali, Ryan McKnight shine wanda ya kafa wata kungiya mai suna FaithLeaks. Ya bayyana cewa "manufar ƙungiyar ita ce rage yawan yaudara da rashin gaskiya da ɗabi'un da ba su dace ba da ke wanzuwa a wasu fannoni na addini". === Addinin Yahudanci === Labarin da ya shafi Yakubu da Isuwa a cikin Littafin Farawa ya tuna yadda Yakubu, tare da mahaifiyarsa Rifkatu, suka yaudari mahaifinsa makaho da tsufa, [[Ishaaq|Ishaku]], wanda hakan ya sa Ishaku ya bai wa Yakubu albarkar da ta wajaba ga babban ɗan'uwansa Isuwa . <ref>{{Bibleverse|Genesis|27:1-40}}</ref> === Kiristanci === === Musulunci === {{Reflist}}In general, Islam never allows deception and lies. Prophet [[Muhammad]] said, "He who deceives is not of me (is not my follower)".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 102 – The Book of Faith - كتاب الإيمان - Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:102 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407210829/https://sunnah.com/muslim:102 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> However, there are some exceptions, especially in case of war or peace making or in case of safeguarding one's faith.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2026}} For an example, Taqiya is an Islamic juridical term for the cases in which a Muslim is allowed to lie under the circumstances when needed to deny their faith due to force or when faced with persecution. The concept mainly followed by [[Shi'a|Shi'ite]] sect, but it varies "significantly among Islamic sects, scholars, countries, and political regimes", and has been evoked by critics of Islam to portray the faith allowing dishonesty. == A cikin binciken zamantakewa == Though commonly used and allowed by the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, there has been debate about whether or not the use of deception should be permitted in psychological research experiments. Those against deception object to the ethical and methodological issues involved in its use. Rebecca Dresser noted that, ethically, researchers are only to use subjects in an experiment after the subject has given informed consent. However, because of its very nature, a researcher conducting a deception experiment cannot reveal its true purpose to the subject, thereby making any consent given by a subject misinformed. [[Diana Baumrind]], criticizing the use of deception in the 1963 Milgram obedience experiment, argued that deception experiments inappropriately take advantage of the implicit trust and obedience given by the subject when the subject volunteers to participate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baumrind |first=Diana |date=1964 |title=Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram's "Behavioral Study of Obedience." |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1965-00210-001 |url-status=live |journal=American Psychologist |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=421–423 |doi=10.1037/h0040128 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531091825/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1965-00210-001 |archive-date=May 31, 2025 |access-date=February 25, 2025}}</ref> Daga mahangar aiki, akwai kuma ƙin yarda da hanyoyin da ake bi wajen yaudara. Andreas Ortmann da Ralph Hertwig sun lura cewa "yaudara na iya yin tasiri sosai ga suna na ɗaiɗaikun dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma sana'ar, ta haka ne ke gurɓata rukunin mahalarta". Idan waɗanda aka yi gwajin suka yi zargin mai binciken, da wuya su yi aiki kamar yadda suka saba, kuma ikon mai binciken a kan gwajin zai lalace. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ortmann |first=Andreas |last2=Hertwig |first2=Ralph |date=1998 |title=The question remains: Is deception acceptable? |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-04417-021 |url-status=live |journal=American Psychologist |volume=53 |issue=7 |pages=806–807 |doi=10.1037/0003-066X.53.7.806 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813050516/https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-04417-021 |archive-date=August 13, 2025 |access-date=February 25, 2025 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Waɗanda ba sa adawa da amfani da yaudara sun lura cewa koyaushe akwai gwagwarmaya a koyaushe wajen daidaita "buƙatar gudanar da bincike wanda zai iya magance matsalolin zamantakewa da kuma buƙatar kiyaye mutunci da haƙƙoƙin mahalarta binciken". Sun kuma lura cewa, a wasu lokuta, amfani da yaudara ita ce kawai hanyar samun wasu nau'ikan bayanai, kuma hana duk wani yaudara a cikin bincike zai "sami mummunan sakamako na hana masu bincike gudanar da bincike mai yawa". Wasu binciken sun nuna cewa yaudara ba ta da illa ga mutane. Binciken da Larry Christensen ya yi kan wallafe-wallafen ya gano cewa "masu binciken ba su fahimci cewa an cutar da su ba kuma da alama ba su damu da a yaudare su ba". Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda ke shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen da suka shafi yaudara "sun ba da rahoton cewa sun ji daɗin ƙwarewar sosai kuma sun ga fa'idar ilimi" fiye da waɗanda suka shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen da ba na yaudara ba. A ƙarshe, an kuma nuna cewa maganin da ba shi da daɗi da ake amfani da shi a cikin binciken yaudara ko kuma mummunan tasirin sakamakon binciken yaudara na iya zama dalilin da ya sa ake ɗaukar binciken da ke amfani da yaudara a matsayin wanda bai dace ba, maimakon ainihin yaudarar da kanta. == A cikin binciken ilimin halayyar ɗan adam == Some methodologies in social research, especially in [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|psychology]], involve deception. The researchers purposely mislead or misinform the participants about the true nature of the experiment. In an experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram in 1963 the researchers told participants that they would be participating in a scientific study of memory and learning. In reality the study looked at the participants' willingness to obey commands, even when that involved inflicting pain upon another person. After the study, the subjects were informed of the true nature of the study, and steps were taken in order to ensure that the subjects left in a state of well-being.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milgram |first=Stanley |year=1963 |title=Behavioral Study of Obedience |journal=Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=371–378 |doi=10.1037/h0040525 |pmid=14049516 |s2cid=18309531}}</ref> == Haramtawar yanar gizo == Ta hanyar intanet, mutane za su iya bayyana kansu yadda suka ga dama saboda rashin sadarwa ta fuska da fuska. <ref name=":13" /> Ana amfani da yaudarar dijital sosai a cikin nau'ikan fasaha daban-daban don ɓatar da wani ko wani abu. <ref name=":14" /> Ta hanyar yaudarar dijital, mutane suna iya yaudarar wasu cikin sauƙi ko don amfanin kansu ko don tabbatar da amincinsu. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan yaudara ta dijital ita ce kamun kifi. Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar kamannin karya, masu kama kifi suna yaudarar waɗanda ke kan layi don gina dangantaka, abota, ko alaƙa ba tare da bayyana ainihin su a matsayin mutum ba. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabon asusu gaba ɗaya wanda ke da bayanan da suka ƙirƙira wanda ke ba su damar yin hakan&nbsp;suna bayyana kansu a matsayin wani mutum daban. Yawancin ƙarya da bayanai marasa tushe ana yaɗa su ne ta hanyar imel da saƙonnin gaggawa domin waɗannan saƙonnin suna gogewa da sauri. <ref name=":15" /> Ba tare da tattaunawa ta fuska da fuska ba, zai iya zama da sauƙi a yaudari wasu, wanda hakan zai sa ya yi wuya a gano gaskiya daga ƙarya. Waɗannan alamu marasa tabbas suna ba da damar yaudarar dijital ta rinjayi da kuma ɓatar da wasu cikin sauƙi. <ref name=":16" /> === "Alamun duhu" === {{Excerpt|Dark pattern}} == Zamba biyu == Yin zamba sau biyu yanayi ne na yaudara, inda mai yaudara ke faɗa wa mutum gaskiya game da wani batu, amma yana sa mutum ya yi tunanin cewa mai yaudara yana ƙarya. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=double bluff |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/double-bluff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209095452/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/double-bluff |archive-date=December 9, 2025 |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=cambridge.org |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Definition of 'double bluff' |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/double-bluff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206232411/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/double-bluff |archive-date=December 6, 2025 |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=collinsdictionary.com |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers Limited}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=double bluff |url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/double-bluff |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=ldoceonline.com |publisher=Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=double bluff noun |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/double-bluff |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> A cikin wasan karta, kalmar "double bluff" tana nufin yanayi inda ɗan wasan da ke yaudara yana ƙoƙarin yin ƙarya da katunan banza, sannan abokin hamayya ya sake ɗaga shi, sannan ya sake ɗaga shi da fatan cewa ɗan wasan abokin gaba zai naɗe. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Double Bluff |url=https://www.pokerzone.com/dictionary/double-bluff |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505204204/https://www.pokerzone.com/dictionary/double-bluff |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=pokerzone.com |publisher=Casino City}}</ref> Wannan dabarar ta fi aiki ga abokan hamayya waɗanda ke fuskantar matsin lamba cikin sauƙi. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Double Bluff |url=https://www.pokernews.com/pokerterms/double-bluff.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505204204/https://www.pokernews.com/pokerterms/double-bluff.htm |archive-date=May 5, 2024 |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=pokernews.com |publisher=iBus Media Limited}}</ref> == Gano mayaudari == Gano mayaudari yana da matuƙar wahala sai dai idan ƙarya ce bayyananna ko kuma ta saɓa wa wani abu da ɗayan ya san gaskiya ne. Duk da cewa yana da wuya a yaudari mutum na tsawon lokaci, yaudara sau da yawa tana faruwa a cikin tattaunawar yau da kullun tsakanin abokan hulɗa na dangantaka. [1] Gano mayaudari yana da wahala saboda babu wani abin dogaro da aka sani na mayaudari kuma saboda mutane galibi suna dogara ne akan yanayin rashin gaskiya . Amma yaudara tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga mai yaudara. Dole ne ya tuna da maganganun da suka gabata domin labarinsa ya kasance daidai kuma abin gaskatawa. Sakamakon haka, masu yaudara galibi suna fallasa muhimman bayanai ta hanyar magana da kuma ta hanyar da ba ta magana ba . Yaudara da gano ta hanyoyi ne masu rikitarwa, masu sauƙin fahimta, kuma masu sauƙin fahimta waɗanda suka dogara ne akan mahallin musayar saƙonni. Ka'idar yaudarar mutane ta nuna cewa yaudarar mutane wani tsari ne mai canzawa, mai maimaita tasirin juna tsakanin mai aikawa, wanda ke sarrafa bayanai don ya kauce wa gaskiya, da kuma mai karɓa, wanda ke ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ingancin saƙon. [1] Ayyukan mai yaudara suna da alaƙa da ayyukan mai karɓar saƙo. A lokacin wannan musayar ne mai yaudara zai bayyana bayanai na baki da na baki game da yaudara. [2] Wasu bincike sun gano cewa akwai wasu alamu da za su iya alaƙa da sadarwa ta yaudara, amma masana kan saba da ingancin waɗannan alamu don zama alamu masu inganci. [3] Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan al'adu daban-daban don nazarin halayen ɗan adam da yaudara ya kammala da cewa gano yaudara sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da hukunce-hukuncen mutum da kuma yadda suke fassara alamun da ba na magana ba. Halayyar mutum na iya yin tasiri ga waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen yayin da wasu mutane suka fi ƙarfin gwiwa wajen yaudara idan aka kwatanta da wasu. [4] Fitaccen masanin yaudara, Aldert Vrij, ya ma bayyana cewa babu wani hali na rashin magana wanda ke da alaƙa ta musamman da yaudara. [5] Kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya, babu wani takamaiman alamar ɗabi'a ta yaudara. Duk da haka, akwai wasu halaye marasa magana waɗanda aka gano suna da alaƙa da yaudara. Vrij ya gano cewa bincika "ƙungiya" na waɗannan alamun alama ce mafi inganci ta yaudara fiye da bincika alama ɗaya. [5] Mutane da yawa suna ganin cewa sun ƙware a yaudara, kodayake wannan amincewa sau da yawa ba ta dace ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grieve |first=Rachel |last2=Hayes |first2=Jordana |date=January 1, 2013 |title=Does perceived ability to deceive = ability to deceive? Predictive validity of the perceived ability to deceive (PATD) scale |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=311–314 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.001 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gano mayaudari na iya raguwa idan aka ƙara jin tausayi. <ref name="b741" /> Horar da fahimtar [[Emotion|motsin rai]] ba ya shafar ikon gano yaudara. <ref name="b741">{{Cite journal |last=Zloteanu |first=Mircea |last2=Bull |first2=Peter |last3=Krumhuber |first3=Eva G |last4=Richardson |first4=Daniel C |date=2021 |title=Veracity judgement, not accuracy: Reconsidering the role of facial expressions, empathy, and emotion recognition training on deception detection |journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=910–927 |doi=10.1177/1747021820978851 |issn=1747-0218 |pmc=8056713 |pmid=33234008}}</ref> Mark Frank ya gabatar da cewa ana gano yaudara a matakin fahimta. Yin ƙarya yana buƙatar yin aiki da gangan, don haka sauraron magana da kallon kalmomin jiki muhimman abubuwa ne wajen gano ƙarya. Idan amsar tambaya tana da matsaloli da yawa, ƙarancin lokacin magana, kalmomi masu maimaitawa, da kuma rashin kyakkyawan tsarin tunani, to mutumin yana iya yin ƙarya. Alamun murya kamar tsayin mita da bambancin su ma na iya bayar da alamu masu ma'ana ga yaudara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rockwell |first=P. A. |last2=Buller |first2=D. B. |last3=Burgoon |first3=J. K. |year=1997 |title=Measurement of deceptive voices: Comparing acoustic and perceptual data |journal=Applied Psycholinguistics |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=471–484 |doi=10.1017/S0142716400010948 |s2cid=144615784}}</ref> Tsoro yana haifar da ƙaruwar sha'awa ga maƙaryata, wanda ke bayyana a cikin yawan ƙwallayewa, faɗaɗa ɗalibi, rikicewar magana, da kuma murya mai ƙarfi. An nuna cewa maƙaryata waɗanda suka fuskanci laifi suna ƙoƙarin sanya tazara tsakanin su da sadarwa mai ruɗi, suna haifar da "alamu marasa gaggawa". Waɗannan na iya zama na magana ko na zahiri, gami da magana ta hanyoyi marasa tushe da kuma nuna rashin iya ci gaba da kallon ido da abokan hulɗarsu na tattaunawa. Wani abin da zai iya gano maganganun da ba su dace ba shi ne yanayin maganar da kanta. Streeter, Krauss, Geller, Olson, da Apple (1977) sun kimanta cewa tsoro da fushi, motsin rai guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da yaudara, suna haifar da ƙarin tashin hankali fiye da baƙin ciki ko rashin kulawa, kuma a lura cewa yawan damuwa da mutum ke ji yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da yawan muryar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Streeter |first=L. A. |last2=Krauss |first2=R. M. |last3=Geller |first3=V. |last4=Olson |first4=C. |last5=Apple |first5=W. |year=1977 |title=Pitch changes during attempted deception |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=35 |issue=5 |pages=345–350 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.35.5.345 |pmid=874738}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Rashin gaskiya a fannin ilimi * Babban ƙarya * Yaudara ta sadarwa * Yaudara a cikin dabbobi * Yaudara ta lantarki * Gujewa (da'a) * Jabu * yaudara * Sarrafawa == Manazarta == === Ambato === <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} === Majiyoyi na gabaɗaya da waɗanda aka ambata === <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  == Ƙarin karatu == * Robert, W.; Thompson, Nicholas S., editoci. , ''Yaudara.'' ''Ra'ayoyi Kan Yaudara ta Dan Adam da ta Marasa Tasiri'' . New York: Jami'ar Jihar New York Press . * Kopp, Carlo, [http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~carlo/infowar-in-biology.html ''Yaudara a fannin Ilimin Halittu: Amfani da Bayanai na Yanayi don Cin Nasara a Gasar Rayuwa''] . Jami'ar Monash, Oktoba 2011. * [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6249749 "Masana kimiyya sun gano na'urorin gano ƙaryar ɗan adam"], NBC News / Associated Press == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Wiktionary-inline}} * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{Wikiquote-inline}} {{Disinformation}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6slxns9lpqkivp6cxda2xesbdfxtppf 4 21908 965961 965484 2026-10-10T21:28:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 965961 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. 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tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokokin gandun daji''' suna sarrafa ayyukan a cikin [[Gandun Daji|ƙasashen gandun daji]] da aka tsara, galibi dangane da kula da gandun daji le girbi katako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Forestry regulation |url=https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/forestry/forestry-operations |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=www.dpi.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Forestry Law? - Becoming a Forestry Lawyer |url=https://legalcareerpath.com/what-is-forestry-law/ |access-date=2021-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokokin gandun daji gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar manufofin gudanarwa don albarkatun gandun daji na jama'a, kamar amfani da yawa da amfanin gona mai ɗorewa. Gudanar da gandun daji ya kasu tsakanin masu zaman kansu da na jama'a, tare da gandun dajin jama'a mallakar mallakar jihar. Dokokin gandun daji yanzu ana ɗaukar su al'amarin kasa da kasa.<ref name="Kaimowitz Forest law enforcement">{{Cite journal |last=Kaimowitz |first=D. |date=2003 |title=Forest law enforcement and rural livelihoods |url=https://archive.org/details/international-forestry-review_2003-09_5_3/page/199 |journal=International Forestry Review |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.1505/IFOR.5.3.199.19146 |jstor=43740118 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Hukumomin gwamnati galibi suna da alhakin tsarawa da aiwatar da dokokin gandun daji a kan filayen gandun daji na jama'a, kuma suna iya shiga cikin kayan gandun daji, tsarawa, da [[Forest management|kiyayewa]], da kuma kula da tallace-tallace na katako. Dokokin gandun daji sun kuma dogara da yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yankin da aka aiwatar da su. Ci gaban kula da gandun daji na kimiyya ya dogara ne akan daidaitattun ma'auni na rarraba da ƙarar itace a cikin wani yanki da aka ba shi, sare bishiyoyi, da kuma maye gurbin su da daidaitattun, da kyau daidaita layuka na shuke-shuke na al'adu guda ɗaya waɗanda za a iya girbe su a lokutan da aka saita.<ref name="r1">{{Cite journal |last=Lipschutz |first=Ronnie D. |date=2000 |title=Why Is There No International Forestry Law?: An Examination of International Forestry Regulation, both Public and Private |journal=UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.5070/L5191019219 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manufar == Dokokin gandun daji an yi niyya ne don kare albarkatu da hana share gandun daji, katako, farauta, da tattara ciyayi. Koyaya, babu iyakancewar da aka saita a cikin waɗannan dokoki game da yankewa, juyawa na girbi, da mafi ƙarancin diamita na girbi. [[Forest management|Shirye-shiryen kula da gandun daji]] suna da manufofi don kula da ƙasar, da kuma matakai don cimma su. masu gandun daji suna ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren gudanarwa waɗanda ke lissafa kowane gandun daji daban-daban. A wasu lokuta, ana yin shirye-shirye tare da zaton cewa [[Ilimin muhalli na gandun daji|yanayin halittu a cikin gandun daji]] yana riƙe da yanayin da ya dace, ya bambanta da gandun daji da ke kewaye da su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2018 |title=Elements of a Management Plan |url=https://www.forestasyst.org/managementplan.html |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=Forest A Syst |publisher=University of Georgia Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources and College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences}}</ref> Yawancin masu kula da gandun daji waɗanda ke cikin Kasashe na duniya ta uku ba su da ilimi ko horo don bin duk jagororin yayin yin shirin gudanarwa.<ref name="r5">{{Cite journal |last=Kaimowitz |first=D. |date=2003 |title=Forest law enforcement and rural livelihoods |url=https://archive.org/details/international-forestry-review_2003-09_5_3/page/199 |journal=International Forestry Review |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.1505/IFOR.5.3.199.19146 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[File:Tongass_national_forest_juneau_img_7501.jpg|thumb|Garin Kasa na Tongass]] Manufofin jama'a da dokoki masu dacewa suna aiki don inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa mai ɗorewa a yankunan karkara da birane. Wadannan manufofi suna aiki don kare muhalli da kare tsire-tsire, dabbobi da Al'adun al'adu.<ref name="r8">{{Cite web |last=Franz Schmithüsen |last2=Peter Herbst |last3=Dennis C. Le Master |date=2000 |title=Forging a New Framework for Sustainable Forestry: Recent Developments in European Forest Law |url=http://www.iufro.org/download/file/20418/3753/ws10_pdf/ |access-date=30 November 2016 |publisher=IUFRO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201075740/http://www.iufro.org/download/file/20418/3753/ws10_pdf/ |archive-date=1 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A al'ada, kariya ta muhalli ta kasance wani bangare na [[Gandun -Daji|gandun daji]] ta hanyar jaddada kiyaye gandun daji da lissafin tasirin muhalli akan ƙasa da ruwa. Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran bangarori, gandun daji ya shafi fitowar wayar da kan jama'a game da muhalli da dokoki a cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe. Wannan ya kawo karfafawa kan kariya ga jeji da dabi'u masu kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribe |first=Robert G. |date=January 1989 |title=The aesthetics of forestry: What has empirical preference research taught us? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-management_january-february-1989_13_1/page/55 |journal=Environmental Management |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |bibcode=1989EnMan..13...55R |doi=10.1007/bf01867587}}</ref> == Tasiri == [[Bambancin halittu]] da [[Sauyin yanayi|Canjin yanayi]] sun yi tasiri musamman ga dokar gandun daji. Lokacin da aka kirkiro tsare-tsaren kula da gandun daji, ana wakiltar bambancin halittu a cikin ka'idojin dorewa. Saboda [[Yarjejeniyar Kyoto]], rage canjin yanayi ya zama manufa ta dokar gandun daji da manufofi, tare da tallafawa manufofi da shirye-shiryen yanayi. Koyaya, Rosenbaum da abokan aiki sun bayyana cewa akwai ƙananan dokoki da ke dauke da takamaiman tanadi don rage canjin yanayi na gandun daji. Haɗin tsakanin gandun daji da sauran fannoni na doka sun zama mafi rikitarwa yayin da suka girma cikin burin da iyaka kuma kamar yadda wasu yankuna kai tsaye da kai tsaye ke sanya jagororin kan yadda ake sarrafa ko amfani da gandun daji. Ta haka ne alaƙar da ke tsakanin dokokin gandun daji na ƙasar da dokokin muhalli gabaɗaya sun zama mafi mahimmanci yayin da girman muhalli na dokokin gandun dajin ke ƙaruwa cikin rikitarwa. Dokar gandun daji yanzu ta amince da rawar da gandun daji ke takawa a matsayin wurin zama ga namun daji, hanya don kiwo da noma, da kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga kiyaye ruwa da ƙasa. Kwanan nan, ka'idodin ka'idojin muhalli da kuma takamaiman dabi'u na bambancin halittu sun zama wani bangare na bayyane na dokar gandun daji. Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan dazuzzuka, wani taron manufofi na gwamnati da aka kirkira a shekara ta 2000, ya karɓi ƙuduri game da ci gaban gandun daji mai ɗorewa, musamman waɗanda ke kan al'amuran zamantakewa da al'adu na gandun daji da al'adun gargajiya.<ref name="r7" /> Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin yanayi, muhimmancin, rawar da albarkatun gandun daji da saitunan shari'a da hukumomi ke takawa, dokar gandun daji ba ta da sauƙin daidaitawa tsakanin ƙasashe. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa duk da nazarin kwatankwacin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin dokokin gandun daji, akwai rashin jagora mai amfani game da yadda za a tantance inganta dokar.<ref name="Kaimowitz Forest law enforcement" /> Ayyuka na ainihi sun bambanta daga ƙasa ɗaya zuwa na gaba, duk da haka, a duk lokuta ana kallon gandun daji na jama'a a matsayin hanya ta ƙasa, wato, mallakar mallakar jihar.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Lipschutz |first=Ronnie D. |date=2000 |title=Why Is There No International Forestry Law?: An Examination of International Forestry Regulation, both Public and Private |journal=UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy |volume=19 |issue=1 |doi=10.5070/l5191019219 |issn=1942-8553 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, kodayake yawancin gandun daji a Amurka da Kanada mallakar masu zaman kansu ne, jihar tana riƙe da adadi mai yawa a matsayin "amfanin jama'a" amma ana ba da hayar su ga masu samar da katako masu zaman kansu. A [[Indiya]], Raj ya mallaki kusan dukkanin gandun daji, ya ayyana su a matsayin "wasteland" sabili da haka, ba mallakar ba. A [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], gandun daji mallakar doka ce amma ana bi da su a matsayin mallakar masu zaman kansu, yayin da a Brazil, rashin gwamnatin ƙasa ya sa gandun daji su bude. A cikin wannan rawar, kiyaye gandun daji yana da alaƙa sosai da samar da katako da sauran kayayyaki waɗanda ke samar da babban birnin da ayyukan yi, kuma tattalin arzikin manyan yankuna kusan sun dogara ne akan samar da albarkatun halitta daga waɗancan gandun daji.<ref name="r1" /> [[File:Forest_Management_and_the_impact_on_water_resources_a_review_of_13_countries.pdf|thumb|Shirin Gudanar da dazuzzuka na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] An karɓi sabbin dokokin gandun daji a ƙasashen [[Gabashin Turai]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauyawa zuwa tattalin arzikin kasuwa. Wadannan dokoki suna da tasiri sosai a kan tsarin mallakar ƙasar gandun daji, ingantawa a cikin ka'idojin gudanarwa, da kuma sabunta tsarin tsarin bangaren gandun daji. An kuma samar da sabbin dokokin gandun daji a kasashe da yawa a Yammacin Turai don daidaitawa da sauye-sauyen yanayin tattalin arziki, bukatun zamantakewa, da ƙarin shiga siyasa na kungiyoyi masu sha'awa da 'yan ƙasa a matakin gida da na yanki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nichiforel |display-authors=etal |date=June 2020 |title=Two decades of forest-related legislation changes in European countriesanalysed from a property rights perspective |journal=Forest Policy and Economics |volume=115 |bibcode=2020ForPE.11502146N |doi=10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102146 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa === Juyin halitta na dokokin gandun daji a cikin ƙasashen Turai ya nuna cewa fahimtar yadda za a yi amfani da albarkatun ƙasa a hanyar da ta dace ya dogara da yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forests — European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/soer/2015/europe/forests |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=www.eea.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> Ma'anar gandun daji mai ɗorewa an ƙayyade ta yanayin yankin kuma muhimmancin su ya canza sosai a tsawon lokaci. A yau ana fahimtar gudanarwa mai ɗorewa a matsayin ayyukan gandun daji waɗanda ke girmama yiwuwar da aka ba da yanayin halittu da kuma kula da bambancin gandun daji a cikin shimfidar wurare. Suna barin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don haɓaka samar da itace, kariya ga muhalli, da kuma nishaɗi. === Gudanar da amfani === Shirye-shiryen jama'a da ke nufin amfani da gandun daji sama da ƙarni ɗaya suna daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan manufofin muhalli na dogon lokaci. [[Dokar al'ada]], wadda aka tsara a karni na 14, ta tsara amfani da gandun daji daidai da buƙatu da zaɓuɓɓuka na lokutan su. Ƙarin adadin gandun daji da dokokin katako, waɗanda aka bayar daga ƙarni na 16 zuwa gaba, sun biyo baya.<ref name=":6" /> Gasar da bukatun gida, wadatar albarkatun kasa da makamashi na dogon lokaci, da kuma kara fitarwa ta hanyar ingantaccen aikin gandun daji sune batutuwan da ke cikin matsala. Shari'a ta kafa abin da ake buƙata na ci gaba da samar da itace, wanda ke nufin dakatar da amfani da abin da ke akwai. Ya gane yanayin gandun daji na dogon lokaci, kuma ya inganta sa hannu na tsararraki da yawa a cikin ayyukan gandun daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sasaki |first=Nophea |last2=Asner |first2=Gregory P. |last3=Pan |first3=Yude |last4=Knorr |first4=Wolfgang |last5=Durst |first5=Patrick B. |last6=Ma |first6=Hwan O. |last7=Abe |first7=Issei |last8=Lowe |first8=Andrew J. |last9=Koh |first9=Lian P. |last10=Putz |first10=Francis E. |date=2016-08-03 |title=Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests Can Reduce Carbon Emissions and Stabilize Timber Production |journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science |volume=4 |page=50 |bibcode=2016FrEnS...4...50S |doi=10.3389/fenvs.2016.00050 |issn=2296-665X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Da yawa, ya samar da tsarawa da gudanarwa, da kuma matakan sake farfadowa da sake dasa bishiyoyi. Wannan ya gabatar da ka'idojin amfani da albarkatun halitta masu sabuntawa a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don dorewa kamar yadda muka fahimta a yau.<ref name="r8" /> == Dokar gandun daji ta Amurka == A Amurka Gwamnatin Tarayya tana kula da kusan kashi 33% na gandun daji, kuma kananan hukumomi ne ke kula da kashi 9% . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Forestry Overview - National Agricultural Law Center |url=https://nationalaglawcenter.org/overview/forestry/ |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=nationalaglawcenter.org}}</ref> Wannan yana da asusun kadada 343,901,880 (kilomita 1391722) na ƙasar gandun daji.<ref name=":0" /> Yawancin wannan ƙasar sun ƙunshi wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa ko gandun daji na ƙasa wanda ya fara ne tare da kafa wurin shakatawa na Yellowstone a cikin 1872. Bayan wannan, a cikin 1891, an zartar da Dokar Tsaro ta Forest . <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=US Forest Service Forest Management - Laws, Regulations & Policies |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/aboutus/lawsandregs.shtml |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=www.fs.fed.us}}</ref> National Parks ne ke gudanar da National Park Service (NPS), wanda shine ofishin Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida (DOI). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-21 |title=National Park Service |url=https://www.doi.gov/hurricanesandy/nps |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=www.doi.gov |language=en}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Amurka (USFS), wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) ke kula da gandun daji na kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/forestmanagement/aboutus/index.shtml |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=www.fs.fed.us}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Sabbin manufofi sun sanya alhakin, da iko akan, kula da man fetur a hannun mutane masu sha'awar tattalin arziki da kuma Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka. Ofishin kula da gandun daji yana kula da dukkan yanke shawara na samarwa da gudanarwa ta hanyar amincewa da ake buƙata da kuma kula da ka'idojin da samarwa da sarrafawa zasu iya faruwa.<ref name="r2">{{Cite web |date=1972-06-17 |title=Participation Without Representation: Chiefs, Councils and Forestry Law in the West African Sahel |url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/participation-without-representation-chiefs-councils-and-forestry-law-we |access-date=2016-11-30 |publisher=Cultural Survival}}</ref> Matsayin gandun daji masu zaman kansu ya kai sama da kashi 80 cikin 100 na samar da gandun daji a wasu ƙasashe. Koyaya, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, gandun daji masu zaman kansu ba su taɓa kasancewa masu mahimmanci ba kuma, koda lokacin da aka mallaki ƙasa, jihar sau da yawa ta riƙe gandun daji. A yawancin [[Afirka]], mallakar ƙasa ta mutum tana da iyaka don haka kusanci mafi kusa da gandun daji mai zaman kansa yawanci gandun daji ne na al'umma (ko da yake [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da [[Eswatini]], a tsakanin sauran ƙasashe, suna da gonaki masu zaman kansu masu yawa). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Primmer |first=Eeva |last2=Karppinen |first2=Heimo |date=February 2010 |title=Professional judgment in non-industrial private forestry: Forester attitudes and social norms influencing biodiversity conservation |journal=Forest Policy and Economics |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=136–146 |doi=10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.007}}</ref> Kwanan nan, dabi'un gandun daji na gona da na masu zaman kansu da gudanarwa sun kara sha'awar hukuma a cikin gandun daji masu zaman kansu. Ayyukan gandun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba suna hana gwamnatoci biliyoyin daloli a cikin kudaden shiga na haraji, da kuma haifar da lalacewar muhalli da barazana ga gandun daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaimowitz |first=D. |date=September 2003 |title=Forest law enforcement and rural livelihoods |url=https://archive.org/details/international-forestry-review_2003-09_5_3/page/199 |journal=International Forestry Review |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=199–210 |doi=10.1505/IFOR.5.3.199.19146 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Cin hanci da rashawa da ke da alaƙa da gandun daji da kuma keta dokokin gandun daji yana lalata mulkin doka, yana hana saka hannun jari na halal, kuma yana ba da fa'idodi marasa adalci. An yi amfani da kuɗin da aka samar daga ayyukan gandun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba don tallafawa rikice-rikicen makamai.<ref name="r5" /> Damuwa game da yadda katako ba bisa ka'ida ba ke ba da gudummawa ga asarar gandun daji ya karu sosai tun daga shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=C. |date=2001 |title=The extent and causes of illegal logging: an analysis of a major cause of tropical deforestation in Indonesia |url=http://www.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/publications.html |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=(CSERGE Working Papers ). Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE): London, UK. (2001) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121011530/http://www.cserge.ucl.ac.uk/publications.html |archive-date=2022-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An sami damar yin amfani da katako mai yawa da ke shiga kasuwannin ƙasa da na duniya, an girbe shi, an kai shi kuma an yi ciniki ta hanyar keta dokar ƙasa a ƙasashe kamar Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Kamaru, Colombia, Honduras, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, da Rasha. [[Bankin Duniya]] (2002) ya kiyasta cewa katako ba bisa ka'ida ba yana haifar da asarar shekara-shekara kusan dala biliyan 10-15 a kasashe masu tasowa a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustaining Forests and Livelihoods in a Changing World |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/01/29/sustaining-forests-livelihoods-changing-world |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=World Bank |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209114939/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/01/29/sustaining-forests-livelihoods-changing-world |archive-date=2021-12-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kodayake ana sa ran cewa ingantaccen shugabanci, karuwar karɓar haya ta jihar, da ingantaccen kula da gandun daji na iya amfana da matalauta ta hanyar kai tsaye, tasirin kai tsaye na katako ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma aiwatar da dokar gandun daji a kan hanyoyin rayuwa na karkara ba su kasance la'akari da fifiko ba har zuwa yau.<ref name="r8" /> == Rayuwa == Hanyoyin da mutane ke amfani da gandun daji da darajar suna canzawa. Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a, canza al'ada, fasaha, da kimiyya suna ƙara buƙatar albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sake fasalin dokokin gandun daji a duniya don mayar da martani ga waɗannan canje-canje. Koyaya, rashin bayanai game da wanda ke amfani da gandun daji da gaske ya haifar da babbar matsala ga masu tsara manufofin gandun daji le hukumomin ci gaban tallafi waɗanda aka ba su umarnin karɓar tsarin matalauta. Ba tare da cikakkun bayanai ba ya zama da sauƙi don yin watsi da bukatun mutanen da ke da ƙarancin kuɗi yayin tsara matakan siyasa da nufin inganta kula da gandun daji ko tabbatar da dokar gandun daji.<ref name="r8" /> Wasu dokokin gandun daji musamman suna goyon bayan gidajen karkara matalauta da kabilun tsiraru. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, gwamnatoci da yawa a Latin Amurka sun amince da haƙƙin' yan asalin ƙasar a kan manyan yankuna, amma' yan asalin ƙasa galibi suna da wahalar kare waɗancan yankuna daga mamayewar masu katako, masu hakar ma'adinai, da manoma.<ref name="r5" /> A cewar Bankin Duniya, "fiye da mutane biliyan 1.6 sun dogara da digiri daban-daban a kan gandun daji don rayuwarsu. Kimanin 'yan asalin miliyan 60 kusan sun dogara ne da gandun daji. Kimanan mutane miliyan 350 da ke zaune a ko kusa da gandun dajin da ke da yawa sun dogara da su har zuwa babban mataki don rayuwa da samun kudin shiga. A kasashe masu tasowa kimanin mutane biliyan 1.2 sun dogara da tsarin noma wanda ke taimakawa wajen ci gaba da samar da aikin gona da samun kudin kudin shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forests and poverty reduction |url=https://www.fao.org/forestry/livelihoods/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118041451/https://www.fao.org/forestry/livelihoods/en/ |archive-date=2021-11-18 |access-date=2021-12-09 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> Schmithüsen et al., suna ba da shawara ga tsarin haƙƙin mallaka ga kula da gandun daji tare da jaddadawa kan karfafa hanyoyin sadarwar haƙƙin ɗan adam, inganta 'yancin kai na shari'a, inganta ilimin shari'a tsakanin al'ummomin karkara, da kuma samar da taimakon shari'a; maimakon mai da hankali kan dokokin gandun daji. Sun bayyana cewa ya kamata a haɗa tsarin da ya shafi haƙƙin da shirye-shiryen sake fasalin gwamnati da nufin ƙirƙirar lissafin jama'a da nuna gaskiya a cikin gudanar da albarkatun ƙasa kuma ya kamata a haɓaka ta hanyar matakai na haɗin kai tare da kungiyoyin jama'a kuma bisa ga alkawuran gwamnatocin ƙasa don sake fasalin dokar.<ref name="r8" /> Babban bangare na dokokin gandun daji yana mai da hankali kan bukatun gudanarwa, kudade, haraji, da haƙƙin mallaka.<ref name="r5" /> Sanar da haƙƙin rukuni na gargajiya ga wuraren da aka yi amfani da su, kamar gandun daji ko makiyaya har yanzu ba su da, duk da gwamnatoci ko ikon mulkin mallaka da ke gane da'awar mutum, bisa ga al'ada ko amfani, ga ƙasar da aka yi da ita don noma ko gidaje. a cewar Bankin Duniya. Ta hanyar bi da irin wannan ƙasar a matsayin "buhu" yayin aiwatar da haƙƙin daidaitawa, gwamnatoci a duk duniya sun ba da mallakar jihar na manyan wuraren gandun daji. == Matsi == Tilasta bin doka ita ce hanyar ƙarshe don samun bin doka. Akwai akalla hanyoyi uku don shawo kan matsalolin tabbatar da laifuffukan da suka faru a wurare masu nisa. Ɗaya shine mayar da hankali ga tilasta aiki a kan ayyukan da ke bayyane, kamar sufuri. Wani, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a cikin dokar farar hula, shine ya sanya rahoton hukuma na jami'in da aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shaida a cikin ƙarin shari'a. Wannan ya sauya nauyin hujja ga wanda ake tuhuma. Na'urar ta uku ita ce amfani da zato na shaida, wanda kuma ke canza nauyin hujja ga wanda ake tuhuma. A kasashe da yawa bambancin tsakanin abin da dokar gandun daji ta tsara da aiwatarwa na iya bambanta. Ko da inda doka ta kasance mai ƙarfi, halayyar haramtacciyar ta jama'a da masu zaman kansu sau da yawa tana ci gaba. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayyana halayyar da ba ta dace ba saboda rashin kudi da albarkatun ɗan adam don saka idanu da sarrafa ayyukan gandun daji a cikin, sassan gandun daji. Kamar yadda waɗannan ayyukan gandun daji ke faruwa a yankuna masu nisa, jami'an gwamnati na iya kasancewa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don yabonta keta doka, ko shiga cikin keta doka da kansu; tsarin kotuna sun lalace ko kuma sun fadi; matsalolin rayuwar yau da kullun ga matalautan karkara na iya mamaye duk wani haɗari da ke tattare da keta doka; da dai sauransu. Wadannan bayani sun jaddada batun cewa yayin da doka mai kyau ta gandun daji ta zama dole, a bayyane yake bai isa ba. Dokokin a kasashe da yawa ba a yi amfani da su ba ko kuma ba a yi musu amfani da su sosai ba saboda dalilai kamar gazawar niyyar siyasa, cibiyoyin da ba su da ƙarfi, ko ma rashin kula da mulkin doka. Hanyar sau biyu na masu zaman kansu da kuma tsarin shari'ar jama'a na iya zama mai ban sha'awa na zamani wanda ke inganta aiwatar da aiwatarwa: tsarin takardar shaidar doka mai zaman kanta na iya tallafawa ka'idojin jama'a (f.i. DDS, tsarin kulawa, kamar Dokar Itacen EU). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kistenkas |first=Frederik H. |date=9 October 2013 |title=Concurring Regulation in European Forest Law Forest Certification and the New EU Timber Regulation |journal=GAIA |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=166–168 |bibcode=2013GEPSS..22..166K |doi=10.14512/gaia.22.3.7 |id={{CORE output|29218583}}}}</ref> == Tarihi da ci gaba == Gudanar da gandun daji ya samo asali ne daga dokar al'ada da aka tsara a karni na 14. A shekara ta 1992, wakilan kasashe 180 sun hadu a [[Rio de Janeiro]] don yin la'akari, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da amincewa da Yarjejeniyar kan Ka'idodin gandun daji.<ref name=":5" /> Sun amince da Yarjejeniyar kan Ka'idodin gandun daji, mai taken "Sanarwar hukuma mai mahimmanci na ka'idoji don yarjejeniyar duniya game da gudanarwa, kiyayewa da ci gaba mai ɗorewa na kowane nau'in gandun daji".<ref name="r1" /> Kayan gandun daji na kimiyya ya dogara ne akan daidaitattun ma'auni na rarraba da ƙarar itace a cikin wani yanki da aka ba shi, sare bishiyoyi, da kuma maye gurbin su da daidaitattun, da aka daidaita da kyau layuka na shuke-shuke na al'adu guda ɗaya waɗanda za a iya girbe su a lokutan da aka saita.<ref name="r1" /> Abubuwan da suka bayyana daga canje-canje na baya-bayan nan a cikin dokokin gandun daji da ka'idoji a kasashe da yawa na Turai suna nuna hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana iya yin hukunci daga ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Ka'idojin da suka dace don bincike kan ci gaban doka sune daidaito, cikakke, subsidiarity, da aikace-aikace. Daidaitawa yana buƙatar jituwa da ka'idojin gandun daji tare da dabi'un tsarin mulki da ka'idodin dimokuradiyya, tare da manufofi na ƙasa da ke magance amfani da ƙasa, ci gaban tattalin arziki da kariya ta muhalli, da kuma alkawuran kasa da kasa da yarjejeniyoyin da yawa. Fahimta tana nufin manufofin dokokin gandun daji dangane da kariya ta gandun daji da ci gaban gandun daji, ga nau'ikan lokuta daban-daban na gandun daji. Subsidiarity yana da alaƙa da rawar da gandun daji ke takawa a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa, yanki da na gida. Har ila yau, yana da alaƙa da yanayin gandun daji sau biyu kamar yadda samar da masu zaman kansu ke nufin cewa za a iya amfani da shi bisa ga yanke shawara na masu mallakar ƙasa da kuma albarkatun da ke ba da fa'idodi da yawa ga al'umma. Subsidiarity yana nuna yadda shirye-shiryen jama'a ke tallafawa ayyukan masu mallakar ƙasa. Aikace-aikacen yana nufin musamman ga tsarin tsari na hukumomin gandun daji na jama'a dangane da canza nauyin da ayyuka, da kuma hanyoyin da suka dace na shiga masu mallakar gandun daji da kungiyoyin masu sha'awar tsara amfani da gandun daji. Haɗin ƙwarewa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin jama'a wani muhimmin al'amari ne wajen kimanta aikace-aikacen sabbin ƙa'idodi ko gyare-gyare.<ref name="r8" /> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin nau'ikan gandun daji da aka tsara * Dajin sarauta * Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a Faransa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e72r9vnyylctnbo13tuwzyais0aiq0v 0 29978 966033 878379 2026-10-11T01:40:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Freedom From Religion Foundation logo.svg|thumb|yancin yin addini]] The '''Freedom From Religion Foundation''' ('''FFRF''') kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Amurka, wacce ke ba da shawarwari ga [[Mulhidanci|waɗanda basu yarda]] da Allah ba, wadanda basu yarda da Allah ba, da wadanda basu yarda da Allah ba. An kafa shi a cikin shekara ta 1976, FFRF tana haɓaka rarrabuwar coci da jiha, kuma tana ƙalubalantar halaccin shirye-shiryen tarayya da na jihohi da yawa waɗanda suka dogara da bangaskiya. Tana tallafa wa ƙungiyoyi irin su ɗalibai marasa addini da limaman coci waɗanda suke so su bar imaninsu. == Tarihi. == An kafa FFRF tare da Anne Nicol Gaylor da 'yarta, Annie Laurie Gaylor, a cikin 1976, kuma an haɗa shi a cikin ƙasa a ranar 15, ga Afrilu, 1978. <ref name="corp">"[https://www.wdfi.org/apps/CorpSearch/Details.aspx?entityID=6F09055&hash=323751401&searchFunctionID=89065bfa-1f2e-4fad-ae59-11a3c0d78a46&type=Simple&q=Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114015141/https://www.wdfi.org/apps/CorpSearch/Details.aspx?entityID=6F09055&hash=323751401&searchFunctionID=89065bfa-1f2e-4fad-ae59-11a3c0d78a46&type=Simple&q=Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation |date=2023-11-14 }}"</ref> Ƙungiyar ta sami goyon bayan mambobi sama da 19,000, a cikin 2012. kuma ta yi aiki daga wani gini na 1855, a Madison, Wisconsin, wanda ya taɓa yin hidima a matsayin rectory na coci. A cikin Maris 2011, FFRF, tare da Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, sun fara aikin Clergy Project, al'umma mai sirri na kan layi wanda ke tallafawa malamai yayin da suke barin bangaskiyarsu. A cikin 2012, ta ba da 'Yanci na Farko Daga Gidauniyar Addini da Aikin Limamai na "Kyaucewa Kyauta" ga Jerry DeWitt, tsohon Fasto wanda ya bar ma'aikatar don shiga ƙungiyar masu yarda da Allah. FFRF tana ba da tallafin kuɗi ga Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, ƙungiyar da ke da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa ga ɗaliban da ba su da addini a makarantun koleji. A cikin 2015, FFRF ta sanar da Nonbelief Relief, ƙungiyar da ke da alaƙa wacce ta samu kuma daga baya ta ba da matsayinta na keɓe haraji na tarayya. Taimakon rashin imani bai yi nasara ba a cikin ƙarar da aka yi wa IRS saboda ba ta da tsayin daka don ƙalubalantar keɓantawar Form 990, wanda ya shafi majami'u. Relief Nonbelief wata hukuma ce ta jin kai ga waɗanda basu yarda da Allah ba, waɗanda basu yarda da Allah ba, masu tunanin yanci, da magoya bayansu. Kwamitin zartarwa na FFRF ne ya ƙirƙiri Taimakon Ƙarfafa Imani don dai-daita yanayin wahalar ɗan adam da rashin adalci a duniya, walau sakamakon bala'o'i, ayyukan ɗan adam ko kuma bin ƙa'idodin addini.<ref name="corp"/><ref name="aboutCalling">{{cite news |title= The atheists' calling the Madison-based Freedom From Religion Foundation is taking its latest battle to the U.S. Supreme court. It's a milestone for the often-vilified but financially strong group, which has seen its membership grow to an all-time high. |url= http://host.madison.com/news/the-atheists-calling-the-madison-based-freedom-from-religion-foundation/article_85a849c9-f26a-50e8-8a04-cf8bc889d8a0.html |date= February 25, 2010 |last= Erickson |first= Doug |newspaper= [[Wisconsin State Journal]] |location= Madison |access-date= June 30, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="captimes1">{{cite news |last= Elbow |first= Steven |title= Crime and Courts: Madison group ramps up national fight against religion in government |url= http://host.madison.com/news/local/crime_and_courts/blog/crime-and-courts-madison-group-ramps-up-national-fight-against/article_795c5fd8-dbec-11e1-b406-001a4bcf887a.html |newspaper= [[The Capital Times]] |location= Madison, Wisconsin |access-date= June 29, 2013 |date= August 2, 2012}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name= "triblive1">{{cite news |title= Those who don't believe just as adamant as religious folk |url= http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/westmoreland/s_789342.html |last= Aubele |first= Michael |newspaper= [[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |date= April 1, 2012 |access-date= June 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Those who don't believe just as adamant as religious folk {{!}} TribLIVE|url=http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/westmoreland/s_789342.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212113626/http://triblive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/westmoreland/s_789342.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-12-12|date=2013-12-12|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-04-30/national/35451816_1_pastors-daniel-dennett-faith | title=For clergy, lost faith can lead to lost family, jobs | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 30, 2012 | access-date=August 6, 2013 | last=Winston | first=Kimberly | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216054008/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-04-30/national/35451816_1_pastors-daniel-dennett-faith | archive-date=December 16, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Jerry DeWitt receives Freedom from Religion Foundation, Clergy Project Hardship Grant |url= http://www.clergyproject.org/news/2012/10/31/jerry-dewitt-receives-freedom-from-religion-foundation-clergy-project-hardship-grant/ |work= The Clergy Project website |author= <!-- no byline The Clergy Project staff --> |date= October 31, 2012 |access-date= June 30, 2013 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130602235512/http://www.clergyproject.org/news/2012/10/31/jerry-dewitt-receives-freedom-from-religion-foundation-clergy-project-hardship-grant/ |archive-date= June 2, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Non-believers taking college campuses by storm|url=https://www.salon.com/2013/02/16/non_believers_taking_college_campuses_by_storm_partner/|date=2013-02-16|website=Salon|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Form 990 Exemption Challenge Dismissed on Technical Grounds|url=https://www.churchlawandtax.com/web/2020/january/latest-form-990-exemption-challenge-dismissed.html|last1=Branaugh|first1=Matthew|website=Church Law & Tax|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-date=2020-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805070603/https://www.churchlawandtax.com/web/2020/january/latest-form-990-exemption-challenge-dismissed.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Church seeks to intervene in lawsuit over IRS tax exemption|url=https://baptistnews.com/article/church-seeks-to-intervene-in-lawsuit-over-irs-tax-exemption/|date=2018-11-26|website=Baptist News Global|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=FFRF Suing IRS for Tax Exemption|url=https://www.worldreligionnews.com/religion-news/ffrf-suing-irs-tax-exemption|date=2018-10-12|website=World Religion News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> == Kafofin watsa labarai da wallafe-wallafe. == FFRF tana buga jarida, ''Freethought A Yau'', sau goma a shekara. Tun a shekara ta 2006, a matsayin Freethought Radio Network, FFRF ta samar da ''Freethought Radio'' show, na tsawon sa'a daya watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye a WXXM-FM Asabar da karfe 11, na safe. CDT. Hakanan an watsa shi akan Air America kafin wannan sabis ɗin ya daina aiki a cikin Maris, 2010. Ana gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar shugabannin FFRF, Dan Barker da Annie Laurie Gaylor . Siffofin yau da kullun sun haɗa da "Faɗakarwar Theocracy" da "Freethinkers Almanac." Ƙarshen yana haskaka masu tunani na tarihi, waɗanda yawancin su ma marubutan waƙa ne. Gabatarwar nunin da fitar da shirin suna amfani da " Imagine " na John Lennon .<ref>{{cite web|title=Freethought Today|url=https://ffrf.org/publications/freethought-today|publisher=Freedom From Religion Foundation|access-date=March 24, 2017|archive-date=January 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130224030/https://ffrf.org/publications/freethought-today|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McCarthy|first=Susan|date=August 4, 2009|title=Out, atheist and American|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/aug/04/atheism-us-religion-hypatia?|access-date=July 12, 2013}}</ref> Annie Laurie Gaylor, co-shugaban FFRF, ita ce marubucin ''Mata Ba tare da camfi: Babu Gods - Babu Masters'' da kuma littafin da ba na fiction a kan limamai cin zarafin yara cin ''amana: Clergy Abuse of Children'' (babu buga) da kuma edita na anthology. ''Kaicon Mata'' . Ta gyara jaridar FFRF ''Freethought A Yau'' har zuwa Yuli 2008. Mijinta, Dan Barker, marubucin ''Rasa Bangaskiya ga Bangaskiya: Daga Mai Wa'azi zuwa Atheist'', ''Mara Allah: Yadda Mai Wa'azin Bishara Ya Zama Daya Daga Cikin Manyan Masu Rashin Allahntakar Allah'', ''Mai Kyawun Atheist: Rayuwa Mai Cika Manufa Ba tare da Allah ba'', "Manufar Rayuwa", "Allah: Mafi Mummunan Hali a cikin Duk Fiction", kuma ''kawai Pretend: Littafin Freethought ga Yara'', mawaƙa ne kuma marubucin mawaƙa, tsohon ministan Kirista na Pentikostal, kuma shugaban FFRF. == Shari'a da batutuwa. == === Shirye-shiryen zamantakewa === ==== Ayyukan zamantakewa ==== A cikin watan Yuni na shekara ta 2004, FFRF ta ƙalubalanci tsarin mulki na Ofishin Fadar White House na tushen Bangaskiya da Ƙaddamarwar Al'umma . Koken na gidauniyar ya yi zargin cewa “amfani da kuɗaɗen da Majalisa ta ware a karkashin sashe na 1, sashe na 8, don daukar nauyin tarukan da hukumomin zartarwa daban-daban ke gudanarwa don tallata shirin Shugaba Bush na ‘Faith-Based and Community Initiatives’ ya ci karo da gyara na farko. <ref name="Pet. Cert" /> Kotun ta kara da cewa jami’an da ake tuhumar sun karya dokar kafa ta hanyar shirya tarukan kasa da na shiyya inda aka ware ƙungiyoyin masu imani da cewa sun cancanci tallafin tarayya musamman saboda tsarin addini, kuma imani da Allah yana daukaka. bambance tasirin da ake da'awar na ayyukan zamantakewa na tushen imani." FFRF ta kuma yi zargin cewa "jami'an da ake tuhuma" suna yin ayyuka da yawa, kamar gabatar da jawabai a bainar jama'a, a duk faɗin Amurka, da nufin haɓakawa da bayar da shawarwari don samar da kuɗi ga ƙungiyoyin bangaskiya.<ref name="Pet. Cert" /> FFRF ta kara da cewa, "ana amfani da kuɗaɗen majalisa don tallafawa ayyukan waɗanda ake tuhuma."<ref name="Pet. Cert" /> A cikin 2007, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci 5-4, cewa masu biyan haraji ba su da ikon kalubalantar kundin tsarin mulki na kashe kudaden da bangaren zartarwa ya yi. <ref>{{Cite court|date=June 25, 2007|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1551942482802042711}}</ref> . ==== Kula da lafiya ==== A cikin Afrilu 2003, FFRF, a madadin mazauna Montana, ta kai karar Ofishin Montana na Kiwon Lafiyar Karkara da babban darektan ta David M. Young tare da Jami'ar Jihar Montana-Bozeman da Montana Faith-Health Cooperative. An yi zargin cewa Young ya goyi bayan shirye-shiryen Ikklesiya na reno na tushen bangaskiya don tallafin jihohi. A cikin Oktoban shekara ta 2004, Kotun Lardi na Tarayya na Gundumar Montana ta gudanar da cewa "kudin kai tsaye da fifikon tallafin shirye-shiryen jinya na Ikklesiya na zahiri da kuma mamaye addini an gudanar da shi don dalilai mara izini, kuma yana da tasirin da ba zai yuwu ba, na fifita da haɓaka haɗin gwiwa addini cikin samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na duniya." A cewar kotun, tallafin da jihar ke bayarwa na kiwon lafiya na tushen imani ya saba wa kwaskwarimar farko. A cikin Afrilun shekara ta 2006, FFRF ta kai ƙara don ƙalubalantar haɗakar da "ruhaniya" cikin kula da lafiya ta Sashen Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji. Musamman bayyana cewa al'adar tambayar marasa lafiya game da addininsu a cikin kima na ruhaniya, amfani da limamai don kula da marasa lafiya, da shirye-shiryen maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa waɗanda suka haɗa da addini sun keta rarrabuwar ƙasa da coci. Daga baya an yi watsi da shari’ar bayan yanke hukuncin da Hein ya yanke saboda rashin tsayawa. <ref name="FFRF v Nicholson 7th">{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation v. Nicholson|date=August 5, 2008|court=7th Cir.|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1209983.html|opinion=07-1292}}</ref> ==== Ilimi. ==== A cikin shekara ta 2001, FFRF, a madadin masu ƙara da ba a san sunansu ba, ta kai ƙarar gundumar Rhea County School District. Masu shigar da kara sun yi zargin cewa ana gudanar da azuzuwan Littafi Mai Tsarki na mako-mako ga dukkan ɗaliban da ke makarantun firamare. A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2004, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Shida ta tabbatar da hukuncin gunduma cewa bai dace ba ga gundumar makaranta ta “koyar da Littafi Mai Tsarki a matsayin gaskiya ta zahiri” ga ɗalibai, gami da ƴan aji na farko. <ref name="FFRF v_Doe">{{Cite court|date=June 7, 2004|url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/370/558/522158/}}</ref> A cikin Maris na shekara ta 2005, FFRF ta shigar da kara a kan Jami'ar Minnesota saboda haɗin kai tare da Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Minnesota, haɗin gwiwa tare da Lutheran Seminary, wanda ke da alaƙa da Ikilisiyar Lutheran Church of America, da Fairview Health Services, yana bayyana cewa mai biyan haraji na jihar. kuɗaɗe suna taimakawa don tallafawa ƙungiyar da ta dogara da bangaskiya. A watan Satumba na shekara ta 2005, Jami'ar ta amince da kawo ƙarshen haɗin gwiwa da kuma dakatar da koyarwa "darussan kan tsaka-tsakin bangaskiya da lafiya", tare da FFRF ta amince da janye ƙarar ta. A cikin Afrilun shekara ta 2005, FFRF ta shigar da ƙara a kan Sashen Ilimi na Amurka saboda rabon kuɗi zuwa Kwalejin Kirista ta Alaska, kwalejin Littafi Mai Tsarki da Cocin Ikklisiya na Alƙawari na Alaska ke gudanarwa. Gidauniyar ta bayyana cewa a shekarar farko da daliban suka yi a kwalejin, suna ɗaukar kwasa-kwasan da suka shafi addini ne kawai, kuma a waccan shekarar suna kammala karatunsu ne da takardar shaidar karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki. Kwalejin, in ji gidauniyar, "ba ta bayar da kwasa-kwasan kwalejoji na gargajiya, kamar lissafi ko Ingilishi". A cikin Oktoban shekara ta 2005, FFRF da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka sun daidaita karar, tare da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta amince ba a raba $435,000, ba.  na kuɗin tarayya zuwa Kwalejin.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7igqAAAAIBAJ&pg=3597,784968&dq=rhea+county+board+of+education+ffrf&hl=en | title=Federal appeals court in Tennessee affirms ban on Bible class at county's public schools |location= Bowling Green, KY | newspaper=Daily News | date= June 7, 2004 | access-date= August 1, 2013 | last=Poovey |first= Bill}}</ref><ref name="FFRF v_Doe">{{cite court |litigants= Doe v. Porter |vol= 370 |reporter= F.3d |opinion= 558 |court= 6th Cir. |date= June 7, 2004 |url= http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/370/558/522158/ |access-date= July 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Lederman|first=Doug|title=Faith and health part II|url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/09/12/minn|work=[[Inside Higher Ed]] |date= September 12, 2005|access-date=July 1, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Malladi|first=Sundeep|title=Madison-based group sues University of Minnesota|url=http://badgerherald.com/news/2005/03/31/madisonbased_group_s.php|newspaper=[[The Badger Herald]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070307033401/http://badgerherald.com/news/2005/03/31/madisonbased_group_s.php |archive-date= March 7, 2007 |date= March 31, 2005|location= Madison, WI}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/04/28/alaska | title=Church, state and the academic pork barrel | work=Inside Higher Ed | date= April 28, 2005 | access-date= August 1, 2013 | last=Lederman |first= Doug}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lederman|first=Doug|title=Education Dept. suspends grant to Christian college|url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2005/10/11/alaska|work=Inside Higher Ed|access-date= July 1, 2013 |date= October 11, 2005}}</ref> Labari na Disambar shekara ta 2020, ta Hemant Mehta ya bayyana ƙoƙarin FFRF kwanan nan. ''FFRF'' ta yi jayayya da iyakance aikin Fasto Mark Thornton a jihar Boise . Wasiƙar da Lauyan Ma'aikatan FFRF Chris Line ya aike ya haɗa da: "'Yan wasan kwallon ƙafa na jihar Boise ba su da wani nauyi da gwamnati ta dora musu a kan addininsu, don haka babu bukatar - ko halastaccen dalili na shari'a - jihar Boise ta ba su limamin coci." Lauyan shari'a na Jami'ar ya amsa da haka: "Mun kasance muna tattaunawa da Sashen Wasanni don ba da ilimantarwa game da wannan batu da kuma tabbatar da cewa an dauki matakai a yanzu da kuma nan gaba don warware matsalar da kuma kafa iyakokin da suka dace. Mista Thornton bai yi tafiya tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa wasanmu na baya-bayan nan a Wyoming ba kuma jami'ar ba za ta ƙara haɗa da limamin coci a cikin liyafar ta ba. Rubuce-rubucen da aka yi wa Mista Thornton a matsayin limamin kungiyar kwallon kafa an riga an cire shi ko kuma ana kan aiwatar da cirewa kuma ba za a yi wani bayani a nan gaba a rubuce ko akasin haka ba.” Mehta ya ci gaba da cewa: Babu ɗayan wannan yana nufin ɗalibai ba za su iya neman Thornton da kansu ba. Sun kasance suna da 'yanci don yin hakan. Amma Thornton ba zai iya - kuma bai kamata ba - yana da kowane irin rawar hukuma a wurin. ==== Shirye-shiryen shari'ar laifuka. ==== A cikin Oktoba na shekara ta 2000, FFRF ta kawo ƙara, a matsayin masu biyan haraji a cikin jihar Wisconsin, a kan Ayyukan bangaskiya da ke Milwaukee. Shari'ar tasu ta bayyana cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da shirin maganin jaraba na bangaskiya a matsayin tsarin kulawa da kotu ta ba da umarnin yin amfani da kudaden masu biyan haraji ba. A watan Janairun shekara 2002, an yanke hukuncin ne bisa yardar FFRF; cewa karɓar dubban daruruwan daloli a cikin kudaden jama'a ya saba wa Tsarin Kafa. Alkalin ya rubuta "Saboda na gano cewa tallafin da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Ma'aikata ta bayar ga Ayyukan Imani ya ƙunshi ba tare da iyakancewa ba, tallafin kai tsaye na ƙungiyar da ke shiga cikin koyarwar addini, na kammala cewa wannan tallafin kuɗi ya saba wa ka'idar kafa." <ref>{{Cite court|url=http://www.leagle.com/decision-result/?xmldoc/20021129179FSupp2d950_11052.xml/docbase/CSLWAR2-1986-2006}}</ref> A kan daukaka kara, a cikin Afrilun shekara ta 2003, Sashe na Bakwai daga baya ya yanke hukunci a kan FFRF a kan kunkuntar batun ko fursunoni sun shiga takamaiman shirye-shirye na tushen bangaskiya bisa yancin kansu na tilastawa gwamnati amincewa da addini. <ref>{{Cite court|url=https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/324/324.F3d.880.02-3102.html}}</ref> Hukumar ta FFRF ta kawo kara kan bada tallafin gwamnatin tarayya ga ƙungiyar MentorKids USA, ƙungiyar da ke bayar da shawarwari ga yaran fursunoni, inda ta yi zargin cewa malaman addinin Kirista ne kawai ake ɗaukar hayar, kuma za su rika ba da rahoton ayyukan addini na yara duk wata. . A cikin watan Mayun shekara ta 2006, FFRF ta shigar da kara a gaban Ofishin Fursunoni na Tarayya inda ta yi zargin cewa shawarar da ta yanke na bayar da Kuɗaɗe ba wai kawai shirye-shirye na tushen bangaskiya ba har ma da tsarin addini ɗaya ya saba wa ƙa'idojin tsarin mulki na raba ƙasa da coci. Daga baya bangarorin sun amince da yin watsi da waccan da'awar, amma an ci gaba da ci gaba da yin ƙarin kirga a cikin ƙarar, da ake zargi da keta haddi daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite court|date=2006}}</ref> === Addini a fagen jama'a === ==== Matsalolin aiki. ==== A cikin shekara ta 1995, FFRF ta kai ƙarar jihar Wisconsin don ayyana Good Friday a matsayin hutun shari'a na jiha. A cikin shekara ta 1996, kotun gundumar tarayya ta yanke hukuncin cewa hutun Jumma'a mai kyau na Wisconsin ya kasance cin zarafi na Farko saboda, dangane da dokar hutun Jumma'a mai kyau ta Wisconsin, "ci gaba da Kiristanci shine ainihin dalilin doka." <ref>{{Cite court|date=February 23, 1996|url=http://www.leagle.com/decision-result/?xmldoc/19961889920FSupp969_11749.xml/docbase/CSLWAR2-1986-2006}}</ref> ==== Tallafin jama'a. ==== FFRF ya yi adawa da birnin Versailles, Kentucky yana taimakawa coci don samun tallafin tarayya don ƙirƙirar cibiyar agajin bala'i. ==== Nunin addini akan kadarorin jama'a. ==== A cikin Disambar shekara ta 2007, FFRF, a madadin gungun mazauna Green Bay da suka damu da kuma kiran haƙƙin Gyaran Farko na duk mazauna birnin, sun kai ƙarar birnin saboda sanya wurin haihuwa a zauren taron Green Bay. Kafin a saurari karar, birnin ya cire wurin da aka haifi haihuwar. Daga nan ne alkalin ya yi watsi da karar saboda rashin hurumin shari’a. Tunda an riga an cire wurin haihuwar kuma an sanya dokar hana fita a nan gaba, babu wani tushe na ci gaba da jayayya. Ya ci gaba da cewa, " ''masu shigar da kara sun riga sun yi nasara'' ...Masu gabatar da kara sun samu gagarumar nasara wadda ta sauya al'amura a kasa." <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation v. City of Green Bay|opinion=07-C-1151|date=2008|court=E.D. Wis.}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, don mayar da martani ga kin birnin Warren, Michigan, don cire nuni na haihuwa a cikin cibiyar jama'a, FFRF ya nemi sanya nunin solstice na hunturu. Magajin garin ya ki amincewa da bukatar kuma FFRF ta kawo ƙarar. Alƙali Zatkoff na Kotun Lardin Amurka ya yi watsi da karar; Kotun da'a ta 6, ta Amurka ta amince da korar a cikin 2013. <ref name="FFRF_v_Warren6th">{{Cite court|date=February 25, 2013|url=http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/13a0049p-06.pdf}}</ref> A cikin Satumba na shekara ta 2011, FFRF, tare da Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jama'a ta Amirka (ACLU), sun kai ƙarar gundumar Giles, Virginia, a madadin masu ƙara da ba a san su ba. An sanya nunin [[Dokokin nan goma|Dokoki Goma]] tare da kwafin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka a makarantun gwamnati na gundumar Giles. Kafin shigar da karar, a watan Janairu da Yuni 2011, FFRF da ACLU sun aika da wasiku ga hukumar makarantar suna neman a cire nunin. Shugaban makarantar ya ba da umarnin a cire nunin Dokoki Goma. Hukumar makarantar Giles County ta gana a watan Yunin 2011, kuma ta kada kuri'a don soke shawarar da babban jami'in ya yanke na cire nunin. Bayan da aka shigar da karar, hukumar makarantar a shekarar 2012, ta amince da cire hoton da kuma biyan kudaden lauyoyi. <ref>{{Cite court|date=2012}}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2011, Gwamnan Wisconsin Scott Walker ya kira bishiyar Kirsimeti ta Capitol a matsayin "itacen Kirsimeti" maimakon "itacen biki." FFRF, wa A cikin Mayu 2012, FFRF, wanda ke aiki a kan wani ƙorafi daga mazaunin, ya tambayi birnin Woonsocket, Rhode Island, don cire giciye na Latin daga yakin duniya na II da na II a kan ƙasar jama'a. Birnin ya ki yin haka. Hukumar ta FFRF ta bayyana cewa a halin yanzu tana neman mai shigar da kara a yankin da zai wakilci kara, wanda har yanzu FFRF din ba ta yi ba, inda ta yi nuni da irin wahalar da aka samu da wata karar da ta faru da wata mai shigar da kara a jihar, Jessica Ahlquist, a cikin shari'ar ''Ahlquist v.'' ''Cranston'' . A ranar 24, ga Yuli, 2012, bayan samun wasiƙa daga FFRF, Steubenville, Ohio, majalisar birni ta yanke shawarar cire hoton Kristi King Chapel a Jami'ar Franciscan na Steubenville daga tambarin garin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2021}} A watan Agustan 2012, FFRF, a madadin wani mazaunin, ta yi barazanar ƙarar da ke kalubalantar giciye na Latin da aka nuna a saman hasumiya na ruwa na Whiteville, Tennessee . Bayan da FFRF ta rubuta wasiku na farko guda uku, amma kafin a shigar da ƙarar, garin ya cire hannu daya na giciye. Cire garin ya ci $4,000, kuma a wani bangare na sasantawar garin ya biya $20,000, a cikin kudaden lauyoyin FFRF. Garin ya kuma amince da cewa ba za a taba maye gurbin hannun da ya bace ba, sannan kuma kada a sanya wasu giciye a kan kadarorin jama'a. <ref name="Whiteville Settles Cross Lawsuit" /> A watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, FFRF, a madadin wani mazaunin Montana, ta kai ƙarar Ma'aikatar gandun daji ta Amurka. An ba da izinin amfani na musamman don sanya mutum-mutumin Yesu a ƙasar tarayya a cikin 1954, bisa buƙatar Knights na Columbus . Ma'aikatar daji ta ci gaba da ba da sabunta izinin har zuwa 2010. Lokacin da Sabis ɗin ya ƙi sabuntawa, Knights sun ƙi cire mutum-mutumin suna ambaton "al'ada" da ƙimar "tarihi" na mutum-mutumi. Bayan zanga-zangar ta kan layi an ba wa mutum-mutumin izinin zama kuma an ba da izini. FFRF ta shigar da kara a watan Fabrairun 2012. <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation v. United States Forest Service|date=2012}}</ref> A cikin watan Yunin 2013, wani alkali na tarayya ya samu goyon bayan wadanda ake kara, inda ya kyale mutum-mutumin ya ci gaba da kasancewa. <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation v. United States Forest Service|date=2013}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2013, FFRF ta shigar da kara kan hukuncin. Kotun daukaka kara ta tara ta ki amincewa da hujjojin FFRF kuma ta amince da abin tunawa. A cikin shekara ta 2012, FFRF ya rubuta wasiƙu da yawa zuwa gidan cin abinci na Prudhommes, a Columbia, Pennsylvania, yana bayyana cewa bayar da rangwamen 10% ga majiɓintan Lahadi waɗanda ke gabatar da sanarwar coci ya saba wa dokar jiha da tarayya, musamman Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 . Mutumin da ya gabatar da lamarin ga FFRF ya shigar da ƙorafin nuna wariya ga Hukumar Hulda da Jama'a ta Pennsylvania. FFRF ta kasance cikin ikon ba da shawara kawai. Hukumar Hulɗa da Jama'a ta Pennsylvania ta shiga oda ta ƙarshe ta baiwa gidan abincin damar ci gaba da rangwamen taswirar cocin. Gundumar ta cire gicciye mai haske a wurin shakatawa na jama'a a Honesdale, Pennsylvania, a cikin 2018, bayan korafi daga FFRF. Ba da nisa da wurin shakatawar wani mazaunin garin ya kafa giciye mai tsawon kafa 28, mai amfani da hasken rana a kan kadarorinsa. ==== Addu'a a cikin gwamnati/makarantu. ==== A cikin Oktoban shekara ta 2008, FFRF ta shigar da ƙara a kan gwamnatin Amurka game da dokar kafa Ranar Sallah ta Kasa (NDoP). A cikin shekara ta 2010, alkali na tarayya Barbara Brandriff Crabb ya yanke hukuncin cewa bai dace da tsarin mulki ba saboda "aikin addini ne na asali wanda ba ya aiki na duniya". <ref name="NDoP">National Day of Prayer: </ref> Gwamnatin Amurka ta ɗaukaka ƙara kan wannan hukunci. A watan Afrilun 2011, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Bakwai ta Amurka ta yi watsi da kalubalantar FFRF ga NDoP, tana mai cewa FFRF ba ta da tsayayye don kalubalantar dokar NDoP ko shela kuma shugaban kasa ne kawai ya ji rauni har ya kalubalanci dokar NDoP. <ref name="FFRF v Obama 7th">{{Cite court|date=April 14, 2011|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1209983.html}}</ref> Hukumar ta FFRF, a cikin Janairun shekara ta 2013, bayan ta sami ƙara daga wurin wani mazaunin garin, ta nemi majalisar birnin Rapid City, South Dakota, ta kawar da al’adarta ta soma kowace majalisar birni da addu’ar Kirista. Bayan da FFRF ta aike da wasika ta biyu a watan Fabrairun 2013, magajin garin ya bayyana a wancan lokacin cewa za a ci gaba da addu’a. === Sabis na Harajin Cikin Gida === ==== Keɓewar Ikklesiya. ==== FFRF ta shigar da kara a kan IRS game da keɓantawa na Ikklesiya wanda ke ba da damar “ma’aikatan bishara” su karɓi wani ɓangare na albashinsu a matsayin alawus ɗin gidaje mara haraji. An fara shigar da wannan ne a cikin 2009, a California, <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. v. Geithner|vol=715|reporter=F.Supp2d.|opinion=1051|court=E.D. Cal.|date=May 21, 2010|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11603417398422872068&hl=en&as_sdt=2&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. v. Geithner|vol=644|reporter=F.3d|opinion=836|court=9th Cir.|date=May 9, 2011|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=14163518758100128154&q=Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation+v.+Geithner&hl=en&as_sdt=2,10&as_vis=1}}</ref> sannan daga baya ya faɗi kuma ya sake shigar da shi a cikin 2011, a Wisconsin, <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=Freedom From Religion Foundation v. Geithner|opinion=11-CV-626|court=W.D. Wis.|date=2011}}</ref> saboda tsayawa. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2012, wani alkali na tarayya ya ce ƙarar za ta iya ci gaba. A cikin watan Agustan 2013, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta yi jayayya cewa shugabannin ƙungiyar da ba su yarda da Allah ba na iya cancanci samun keɓewar Ikklesiya. Gaylor ya ce "ba haka muke ba", ya ci gaba da cewa bai kamata gwamnati ta baiwa kungiyoyin addini wani kulawa ta musamman ba. A ranar 21, ga Nuwambar shekara ta, 2013, wani alkalin tarayya ya yanke hukunci a kan FFRF. <ref>{{Cite court|litigants=FFRF, Inc., Annie Laurie Gaylor and Dan Barker, v. Jacob Lew and Daniel Werfel|court=W.D. Wis.|date=23 November 2013|url=https://ffrf.org/images/FFRF%20v%20Geithner%20-%20Parsonage%20Exemption.pdf}}</ref> A cikin Janairun shekara ta 2014, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta shigar da kara a kotun tarayya. A watan Nuwambar shekara ta 2014, Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka na Zartarwa ta Bakwai ta ba da shawararta, inda ta kammala cewa tanadin kundin haraji na tarayya da ke kula da alawus-alawus na gidaje da coci-coci ke bayarwa ga ministoci a matsayin rashin harajin shiga dole ne ya tsaya. ==== Zaɓe. ==== A cikin Nuwambar shekara ta 2012, FFRF ta shigar da kara a kan IRS saboda rashin aiwatar da nata dokokin zaben . FFRF a cikin kwat da wando ya ba da sanarwar sanya cikakken tallace-tallacen shafi na Billy Graham Evangelistic Association; Diocese da ke bukatar limaman coci su karanta wata sanarwa da ta bukaci mabiya ɗarikar Katolika su kada kuri’a; da kuma ma'aikata na "Pulpit Freedom Lahadi". Kungiyar ta yi ikirarin cewa rashin aiwatar da ka’idojin haraji na tarayya da suka haramta wa kungiyoyin addinai da ba su haraji shiga zabe ya saba wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Farko. Ƙungiyar ta bayyana cewa kara shigar da cibiyoyin addini a harkokin siyasa "na nuni ne a fili da gangan wajen hana zaben". IRS ta gabatar da bukatar yin watsi da shi a kotun tarayya, amma a watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, an yanke shawarar cewa karar za ta iya ci gaba da bayyana cewa FFRF "tana tsaye don neman odar da ke bukatar IRS ta kula da ƙungiyoyin addini da kyau fiye da yadda take bi da Gidauniyar. ". A cikin shekara ta 2014, alkalin kotun tarayya ya yi watsi da karar bayan bangarorin sun cimma yarjejeniya. [[File:FFRF's_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg|thumb| Dokar Hakki na FFRF]] == Duba kuma == == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * {{Official website}} [[Category:Haƙƙoƙi]] [[Category:Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 02dknda6oww88hr1u0c7ly5eyefvc20 0 32678 966035 953976 2026-10-11T02:18:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabas''' kalma ce da ke nufin Gabas dangane da [[Turai]], wadda a al'ada ta ƙunshi duk wani abu da ya shafi duniyar Gabas . Wannan shine saɓanin kalmar ''Occident'', wadda ke nufin duniyar Yamma . A Turanci, galibi ana kiranta da suna metonym ga nahiyar [[Asiya]] - wacce aka rarraba ta zuwa [[Yammacin Asiya|Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya]], Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], Gabashin Asiya, kuma wani lokacin har da Caucasus . Da farko, kalmar ''Gabas'' ana amfani da ita ne don nuna Gabas ta Tsakiya kawai, amma daga baya ma'anarta ta bunƙasa kuma ta faɗaɗa, ta kuma ambaci Asiya ta Tsakiya, Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, ko Gabas Mai Nisa . A Amurka kalmar '''gabas''' kalma ce da aka saba amfani da ita don bayyana abubuwa da mutanen da suka fito daga Gabas/gabashin Asiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of ORIENTAL |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oriental |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == [[File:Roman_Empire_with_dioceses_in_300_AD.png|right|thumb|330x330px| Bishoshin Gudanarwa na Daular Roma, kimanin 300, gami da asalin Bishoshin Gabas]] Kalmar "Orient" ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''oriens'', ma'ana "gabas" (wanda a zahiri yake "tashi" < ''orior'' "tashi"). Amfani da kalmar "fitowa" don nufin gabas (inda rana ke fitowa) yana da kamanceceniya daga harsuna da yawa: kwatanta kalmomin "Arevelk" a cikin Armenian (Armeniya ''Arevelk'' yana nufin "Gabas" ko "Fitowar Rana"), " Levant " (< Faransanci ''levant'' "rising"), "Vostok" Russian: (< Rashanci ''voskhod'' Russian: "fitowar rana"), " Anatolia " (< ''anatole'' na Girkanci ), "mizrah" a cikin [[Ibrananci]] ("zriha" ma'anar fitowar rana), "sharq" Arabic (< Larabci ''{{Transl|ar|ALA|yashriq}}'' {{Lang|ar|يشرق}} "tashi", ''{{Transl|ar|ALA|shurūq}}'' Arabic "tashi")," shygys" Kazakh (< Kazakh ''shygu'' Kazakh "fito"), Turkish (< Turkanci ''doğmak'' to be born; to rose), "xavar" Persian (ma'ana gabas), {{Lang-zh|東}} ( pinyin , hoton rana tana fitowa a bayan bishiya ) da kuma " Ƙasar Rana Mai Fitowa " don nufin Japan. A cikin Larabci, Mashriq a zahiri yana nufin "fitowar rana", "gabas", sunan ya samo asali ne daga fi'ilin ''sharaqa'' ( Arabic: "haskaka, haskakawa, haskakawa" da kuma "haskaka"), daga tushen sh-rq (ش-ر-ق), yana nufin gabas, inda rana ke fitowa. A tarihi, Mashriq shine yankin kudancin Daular Rumawa ta Gabas. An gina tsoffin haikali da yawa, ciki har da haikali na arna, haikali na Hindu, haikali na Buddha, haikali na Jain, da kuma haikali na Yahudawa da ke Urushalima, tare da manyan hanyoyin shiga suna fuskantar Gabas. An ci gaba da wannan al'ada a majami'un Kirista . Kalmar da akasin haka " Occident " ta samo asali ne daga kalmar [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] ''occidens'', ma'ana ''yamma'' (yanayin ''da aka saita'' < ''occidere'' "faɗuwa/sauke"). Wannan kalma tana nufin yamma (inda rana ke faɗuwa) amma ba a amfani da ita a Turanci, don nufin " Duniyar Yamma ". == Tarihin kalmar == [[File:Dioecesis_Orientis_400_AD.png|right|thumb|292x292px| Marigayi Daular Romawa ta Gabas, kimanin 400]] Tsarin ƙasa na kalmar Romawa ''ta Gabas'' ya faru ne a zamanin sarki Diocletian (284–305), lokacin da aka kafa Diocese of the East ( [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] : ''Diocesis Orientis'' ). Daga baya a ƙarni na 4, an kuma kafa yankin Praetorian na Gabas ( [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] : ''Praefectura Praetorio Orientis'' ), wanda ya haɗa da yawancin [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Roma ta Gabas]], daga Thrace zuwa gabas; mafi girman ɓangaren gabashinta shine ''Diocese na Gabas na'' asali, wanda ya yi daidai da yankin Siriya . A tsawon lokaci, fahimtar "Gabas" ta ci gaba da canzawa zuwa gabas, yayin da Turawa ke tafiya zuwa Asiya. Daga ƙarshe ya isa Tekun Pacific, a cikin abin da Turawan Yamma suka kira "Gabas Mai Nisa". Waɗannan canje-canje a cikin lokaci da ganewa wani lokacin suna rikitar da fa'idar (ta tarihi da yanayin ƙasa) na Nazarin Gabas. Duk da haka akwai wasu wurare da "Gabas" da "Gabas" suka riƙe tsoffin ma'anoninsu (misali, "Kayan ƙanshi na Gabas" galibi suna fitowa ne daga yankunan da suka miƙe daga Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa ƙananan nahiyoyi na Indiya zuwa Indo-China). Matafiya za su iya sake hawa jirgin Orient Express daga Paris zuwa ƙarshensa a yankin Turai na [[Istanbul]], hanyar da aka kafa a farkon ƙarni na 20. A cikin tarihin Turai, ma'anar "Gabas" ta canza sau da yawa. Asali, kalmar tana nufin Masar, Levant, da yankunan da ke makwabtaka da ita har zuwa yamma da Maroko. A shekarun 1800, Indiya, da kuma China kaɗan, ta fara maye gurbin Levant a matsayin babban abin da binciken Gabas ya mayar da hankali a kai, yayin da kalmar ta bayyana a cikin ayyukan tsakiyar ƙarni don bayyana bayyanar ko kamanceceniya da gwamnati ko al'adar "Gabas", kamar a cikin littafin [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]] na 1869 Yaƙi da Zaman Lafiya, inda [[Napoleon]], bayan ya ga "kyakkyawan gabas" na Moscow, ya kira ta "Wannan birni na Asiya na majami'u marasa adadi, mai tsarki Moscow!" , yayin da a shekarar 1843, masanin tarihin Amurka William Prescott ya yi amfani da kalmar "babban abin alfahari, na Gabas ta gaske" don bayyana rayuwar fadar sarakunan Aztec a cikin tarihinsa na cin nasarar Daular Aztec . Har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 1957, Karl Wittfogel ya haɗa da Roma da Daular Incan a cikin bincikensa na abin da ya kira 'Oriental Despotism', yana nuna cewa kalmar har yanzu tana da ma'ana a cikin tunanin Yamma wanda ya wuce yanayin ƙasa. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, masana ƙasashen yamma gabaɗaya sun ɗauki "gabashin Gabas" a matsayin gabashin Asiya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da gabashin Tsakiyar Asiya. <ref name="LewisWigen1997" /> Kwanan nan a farkon karni na 20, kalmar "Orient" sau da yawa ana ci gaba da amfani da ita ta hanyoyi da suka haɗa da Arewacin Afirka. A yau, kalmar ta fi jan hankalin mutane game da China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste da Brunei. <ref name="LewisWigen1997" /> "Gabas" galibi kalma ce ta al'adu, amma an cire manyan sassan Asiya - musamman Siberia - daga ra'ayin ilimi na "Gabas". <ref name="LewisWigen1997" /> Kalmomi masu inganci iri ɗaya ga Gabas har yanzu suna nan a cikin harshen Turanci a cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka haɗa da nazarin Gabas (yanzu Nazarin Asiya a wasu ƙasashe). Kalmar siffa ta Oriental ta kasance a Yammacin duniya ana amfani da ita wajen nufin al'adu, mutane, ƙasashe, kafet na Asiya, da kayayyaki daga Gabas. "Gabas" gabaɗaya yana nufin "gabas". Sunan gargajiya ne (musamman idan aka yi masa manyan haruffa) ga duk wani abu na Gabas ko "Gabas" (na Asiya), musamman ma na al'adun Gabas . Ya nuna alkiblar gabas a cikin ilmin taurari na tarihi, wanda galibi ake kira "Ori". A cikin Turancin Amurka na zamani, ''Oriental'' yawanci yana nufin abubuwa daga sassan Gabashin Asiya waɗanda al'adar Asiya ta Gabas ke mamaye da yawancin Asiya ta Tsakiya da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya waɗanda aka rarraba su da launin fata a matsayin " Mongoloid ". Wannan bai haɗa da Yahudawa, Indiyawa, [[Larabawa]], da kuma yawancin sauran mutanen Kudu ko Yammacin Asiya ba. Saboda wariya da aka nuna wa Sinawa, Koriya da Japan a tarihi, a wasu sassan Amurka, wasu mutane suna ɗaukar kalmar "ƙazanta". Misali, [[Washington (jiha)|Jihar Washington]] ta haramta kalmar "Oriental" a cikin dokoki da takardun gwamnati kuma ta fi son kalmar "Asian" maimakon haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senate bill (pdf file) |url=http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2001-02/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5954.PL.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305151322/http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2001-02/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5954.PL.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2009}}</ref> A cikin amfani na gida, ana amfani da "gabas" ga yankunan gabashin ƙasashe kamar Yankin Gabashin Morocco . Ana iya amfani da "Oriental" a matsayin ma'anar "gabas", musamman a cikin harsunan Romance . Misalai sun haɗa da lardunan "gabas" da "yamma" na Mindoro da Negros a Philippines, da kuma sashen Faransa na Pyrénées-Orientales . Tsakanin 1830 da 1962, Sojojin Faransa sun yi amfani da kalmar ''<nowiki/>'Tenue Orientale''' wajen kwatanta kayan aikin 'yan asalin ƙasar na rundunonin sojoji daban-daban ( spahis, zouaves da tirailleurs ) da aka ɗauka aiki a Aljeriya, Maroko da Tunisiya. Tun ƙarni na 19, kalmar "orientalism" ta kasance kalmar gargajiya ga masanin nazarin Gabas ; duk da haka, amfani da "Orientalism" a cikin Turanci don bayyana "Orientalism" na ilimi abu ne mai wuya: ''Kamus ɗin Turanci na Oxford'' ya ambaci amfani ɗaya kawai, wanda Lord Byron ya yi a 1812. " Orientalism " ana amfani da shi sosai wajen ambaton ayyukan masu fasaha na ƙarni na 19 waɗanda suka ƙware a fannoni na "Oriental" kuma galibi suna amfani da tafiye-tafiyensu zuwa Arewacin Afirka da Yammacin Asiya. An riga an siffanta masu fasaha, da kuma masana, a matsayin "masu ra'ayin gabas" a ƙarni na 19. A shekarar 1978, wani masanin Falasɗinu-Amurka Edward Said ya buga littafinsa mai tasiri da kuma takaddama, ''Orientalism'', kuma ya yi amfani da kalmar don bayyana wata al'adar Yammacin duniya mai cike da rudani, ta ilimi da fasaha, ta fassarar ƙasashen waje game da ƙasashen Larabawa da [[Duniyar Musulunci|Musulmai]] waɗanda ra'ayoyin [[Imperialism|mulkin mallaka]] na Turai suka tsara a ƙarni na 18 da 19. == Amfani na yanzu == === Ingilishin Burtaniya === A cikin Ingilishi na Burtaniya, kalmar ''Oriental'' wani lokacin ana amfani da ita don nufin mutane daga Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (kamar waɗanda suka fito daga China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Timor-Leste da Brunei). <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Japan: A Teacher's Resource &#124; What's the Matter with Saying 'The Orient'? &#124; Japan Society |url=https://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/whats_the_matter_with_saying_the_orient |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=Aboutjapan.japansociety.org |archive-date=20 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020201616/https://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/whats_the_matter_with_saying_the_orient |url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba wa alkalai a Burtaniya jagororin ƙarfafa daidaiton siyasa inda ya kamata a guji batun ''gabas'' saboda ba daidai ba ne kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin wariyar launin fata ko cin zarafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aspinall |first=Peter |date=January 2005 |title=Language matters: The vocabulary of racism in health care |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/135581960501000112 |journal=Journal of Health Services Research & Policy |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=57–59 |doi=10.1177/135581960501000112 |issn=1355-8196 |pmid=15667706 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-01-26 |title=Judges given new advice on political correctness - Crime - UK - The Independent |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/judges-given-new-advice-on-political-correctness-563204.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126144933/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/judges-given-new-advice-on-political-correctness-563204.html |archive-date=26 January 2012 |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref> Har yanzu sunan Oriental ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ga shagunan sayar da abinci na kasar Sin da shagunan sayar da dankali na gargajiya a Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Order oriental in east london{{!}} ChefOnline |url=https://www.chefonline.co.uk/oriental-takeaways/east-london |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Chefonline.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome &#124; Oriental |url=https://www.orientalbexleyheath.com/ |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=Orientalbexleyheath.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125223708/https://www.orientalbexleyheath.com/ |archive-date=25 November 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> "Asiya" a Burtaniya yawanci yana nufin mutanen da suka fito musamman daga Kudancin Asiya (musamman Pakistan, Indiya, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, da Afghanistan), tunda 'yan Asiya na Burtaniya gabaɗaya sun kai kusan kashi 9.3% na yawan jama'a a cikin Burtaniya, kuma mutanen asalin ƙabilar Asiya ta Kudu sun ƙunshi mafi girman rukuni a cikin wannan rukunin. <ref name="2021census">{{Cite web |date=29 November 2022 |title=2021 Census: Ethnic group, England and Wales |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/bulletins/ethnicgroupenglandandwales/census2021 |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=Office for National Statistics}}</ref> "Orientals" yana nufin mutanen da suka fito daga Gabashin da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, waɗanda suka kai kusan kashi 0.7% na al'ummar Burtaniya gaba ɗaya. Daga cikin waɗannan, yawancinsu 'yan asalin ƙasar Sin ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: KS201UK Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls |access-date=8 July 2026 |website=Ons.gov.uk |archive-date=23 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123182221/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Gabatarwa'' kalma ce ta lu'u- lu'u mai kyau. Hong Kong, tsohuwar ƙasar da Birtaniya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, ana kiranta da "Lu'u-lu'u na Gabas" tare da Shanghai. A Burtaniya, da kuma mafi yawan ƙasashen da ke da arzikin ƙasa, ba a ɗaukarsa a matsayin kalma mai ɓatanci ba, inda mutane da yawa daga Gabashin Asiya suka zaɓi amfani da ita da kansu - musamman a cikin sunayen kasuwancin Gabashin Asiya kamar gidajen cin abinci da wuraren shan ruwa. Mutane a Burtaniya daga [[Yammacin Asiya|Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya]], Asiya Ƙarama da Gabas ta Tsakiya galibi ana kiransu da kalmar "Gabas ta Tsakiya". Waɗannan za su iya haɗawa da [[Larabawa]], [[Kurdawa]], Turkawa, Assuriyawa, Armeniyawan Yammacin Asiya, [[Yazidi|Yezidis]], Masarawa (gami da Copts ), Mandaeans, da sauransu. A wasu takamaiman yanayi, misali cinikin kafet da kafet, tsohuwar ma'anar "gabas" da ta shafi ba kawai Gabashin Asiya ba har ma da [[Tsakiyar Asiya]], Kudancin Asiya da [[Turkiyya]] har yanzu ana iya amfani da ita; kafet na Gabas na iya fitowa daga ɗayan waɗannan yankuna. === Turancin Amurka === [[File:Jean-Léon_Gérôme_-_Pool_in_a_Harem.jpg|thumb| ''Wurin Wanka a Cikin Ɗakin Harem'' na mai zane na Gabas Jean-Léon Gérôme kimanin shekara ta 1876; mata tsirara a cikin wuraren haram ko wanka su ne ainihin zane-zanen Gabas]] Kalmar ''Oriental'' na iya yin kama da ta daɗe ko kuma a ɗauke ta a matsayin abin ƙyama, musamman idan aka yi amfani da ita azaman suna. <ref name="merriam-webster.com">{{Cite web |title=Definition of ORIENTAL |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oriental |website=Merriam-webster.com}}</ref> John Kuo Wei Tchen, darektan Shirin Nazarin Asiya/Pacific/Amurka da Cibiyar Jami'ar New York, ya ce sukar da aka yi wa kalmar ta fara ne a Amurka a lokacin sauyin al'adu a shekarun 1970. Ya ce: "Tare da ƙungiyar yaƙi da yaƙi ta Amurka a shekarun 1960 da farkon 1970, yawancin 'yan Asiya 'yan Amurka sun gano kalmar 'Oriental' tare da tsarin Yammacin duniya na nuna wariyar launin fata ga 'yan Asiya a matsayin wanda ke adawa da 'wasu ' har abada , <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oriental: Rugs or People? |url=http://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/livewire/archived/oriental_rugs_or_people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904084158/http://journalism.nyu.edu/publishing/archives/livewire/archived/oriental_rugs_or_people/ |archive-date=4 September 2012 |access-date=5 October 2012 |website=nyu.edu}}</ref> ta hanyar bambance tsakanin asalin kakannin "Yamma" da "Gabas". == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1xrfzwxfvcr6opnsf7w8dt3x8vvum3z 0 34355 965872 720416 2026-10-10T16:00:15Z Nura Bello 24854 965872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a, malami kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] 240s683cg6qkf6ls50v82fq70wr2yye 965873 965872 2026-10-10T16:00:50Z Nura Bello 24854 965873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, ga Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a, malami kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] jjsj3bwov1vwzc4bawansq742mt2l0s 965874 965873 2026-10-10T16:01:22Z Nura Bello 24854 965874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, ga watan Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a, malami kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] jk2jhrdvspewfqoqftar4uva25vnwuq 965875 965874 2026-10-10T16:02:54Z Nura Bello 24854 965875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, ga watan Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a,ne malami kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] pccg1n4yqgfergwhv0hj2muulicqwn2 965876 965875 2026-10-10T16:03:30Z Nura Bello 24854 965876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, ga watan Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a,ne malami ne kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] octlrfkm6zyf2omz94p9yasogie3t5a 965877 965876 2026-10-10T16:04:20Z Nura Bello 24854 965877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Fayil:Prof I N S Dozie.jpg|thumb|Ikechukwu Dozie]] Farfesa '''Ikechukwu Nosike Simplicius Dozie''' (an haife shi ne 3, ga watan Maris 1966), farfesa ne na Microbiology ( Medical Microbiology & Parasitology), masanin kimiyar lafiyar jama'a,ne malami ne kuma ƙwararre kan lafiyar al'umma a halin yanzu yana aiki ne a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri, Nigeria. Shi memba ne na American Society of Tropical Medicine &amp;amp; Hygiene (ASTMH). Dozie ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ; Shirin WHO na Afirka na Onchocerciasis. Shi ne Darakta, Sadarwa da Ci gaba, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linkages and Advancement|url=https://futo.edu.ng/linkages-and-advancement/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Federal University of Technology, Owerri|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi. == An haifi Farfesa Dozie a Umuokisi Amuzi, [[Ahiazu Mbaise|karamar hukumar Ahiazu Mbaise]] a jihar Imo, Najeriya. Ya samu takardar shaidar kammala makarantar farko a makarantar firamare ta Agbani Road, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], [[Enugu (jiha)|jihar Enugu]] . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mbaise, [[Aboh Mbaise|Aboh-Mbaise]], [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] kuma ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Afirka ta Yamma tare da Division 1 a 1980. Dozie yana da BSc. An haɗu da karramawa a Microbiology/Biochemistry da MSc Medical Microbiology daga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka da PhD a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a, Jami'ar Jos. Kokarin da ya yi na neman karin fasaha ya sanya shi gudanar da harkokin ilimi zuwa Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa da Kasa ta Galilee (GIMI) Isra'ila a cikin 2010, da 2014. == Sana'ar sana'a. == Dozie ya fara aikin koyarwa ne a shekarar 1992, a matsayin mataimakin malami a jami’ar jihar Imo dake Owerri, [[Najeriya]] inda ya samu mukamin [[Farfesa]] a shekarar 2005. Ya kasance Farfesan Ziyara a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Owerri, Najeriya tsakanin 2007-2010, yayin da yake hutu daga Jami'ar Jihar Imo Owerri . Ya kasance Shugaban Sashen Fasahar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Dean, Makarantar Fasahar Lafiya kuma Memba, Majalisar Mulki ta 11, na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri . Shiga Dozie a wasu ayyuka na kasa sun hada da Panel Moderator a babban taro karo na biyu (HLM) na GlobalPower Women Network Africa (GPWNA) wanda gwamnatin Najeriya tare da hadin gwiwar Tarayyar Afirka suka shirya tare da goyon bayan UNAIDS, Abuja Yuni 27- 28, 2013; Malami, Kwas ɗin Gabatar da Jakadun da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta yi, Disamba 9 - 13, 2013; Majalissar wakilai, 2014, Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan (CSFP) Hirar Zaɓen, Hukumar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Nanet Suites Abuja, Disamba 1-5, 2014, da Memba na Kwamitin Fasaha na Canjin Gwamnatin Jihar Imo (Afrilu, 2019). Dozie memba ne na yawancin ƙungiyoyin ilimi da ƙungiyar kwararru. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ƙungiyar Magungunan Magunguna da Tsafta ta Amurka (ASTMH); Ƙungiyar AIDS ta Duniya (IAS); Ƙungiyar Zoological Society of Nigeria ''(Memba na Rayuwa)'' (ZSN); Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta ta Najeriya (NSM); Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN); Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Halittu ta Najeriya (BSN); Majalisar Hadin Kan Hankali ta Najeriya (COFICON); Majalisar Malaman Dimokuradiyya ta Najeriya (CODES); Renewable and Alternative Energy Society of Nigeria (RAESON). An zabe shi, Member Council, Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN) a matsayin mai kula da shiyyar Kudu maso Gabas na (2011-2016). Shi ne Shugaban Majalisar Fastoci na St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Chaplaincy, FUT Owerri. == Bincike. == A baya ya gudanar da bincike a kan onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), lymphatic filariasis, guinea worm (dracunculiasis) . Sha'awar bincikensa na yanzu ya haɗa da ilimin kimiyyar halittu, ilimin cututtuka, zamantakewar tattalin arziki da kuma kula da cututtuka na cututtuka na wurare masu zafi musamman, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], HIV / AIDS, malaria, cryptosporidiosis, kula da filariasis, onchocerciasis (makãho kogi), schistosomiasis, dracunculiasis (guinea worm), loiasis da dai sauransu; Cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta hanyar jima'i (STIs) da matsalolin lafiyar haihuwa; Tsaftar muhalli, tsafta da kula da cututtuka ; Bincika yuwuwar amfani da duk magungunan tsire-tsire a matsayin yabo ga magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro. Ya ba da gudummawa ga kokarin kimiyya na kasa da na kasa da kasa wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da Majalisar don Ci gaban Nazarin Kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka (CODESRIA) ta hanyar (35/T96), Grant Grant akan: ''Sakamakon zamantakewa da al'adu da tattalin arziki na Onchocercal dermatitis a cikin kogin Imo River. na Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} ; UNDP/BANKI NA DUNIYA/WHO na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a Cututtukan wurare masu zafi, (TDR) (Lamba 970533), Tallafin Bincike akan: ''Onchocerciasis da Tasirin Tattalin Arziki na Zamantakewa a Kogin Imo, Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya;'' Asusun Initiative na Darakta na TDR Geneva (DIF ID: 931087) akan: ''Lymphatic filariasis da Onchocerciasis a cikin dajin dajin Najeriya: Illolin Zamantakewar Matsalolin Al'aura tsakanin Mace a matsayin mai binciken tsabar kudi'' ; National Onchocerciasis Control Programme (NOCP) Nigeria, Consultant on Rapid Epidemiological Mapping of Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Nigeria (Shugaban kungiyar zuwa Taraba, Katsina da Akwa-Ibom Jihohin lokacin aikin gyaran jiki na REMO a Najeriya (Nuwamba-Disamba, 2000); da Lafiyar Duniya Shirin Ƙungiya/Ƙungiyar Afirka don Kula da Onchocerciasis (WHO/APOC), Mai Ba da Shawarwari na wucin gadi kan Taswirar Cutar Cutar Onchocerciasis (REMO) a Sudan ta Kudu (28, ga Fabrairu-28 ga Maris, 2003). == Kyaututtuka da karramawa. == Farfesa Dozie ya samu karramawa da kyaututtuka da dama. Sun hada da : * Fellow of the Society for Environmental and Public Health of Nigeria (FSEPHON), Yuli 2019; * Fellow of the Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (FPPSN), Oktoba, 2017; * Abokin Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, Najeriya (FPCEHSN), Oktoba 2016; * Abokin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Afirka (ASI. F), Satumba 2010; * Kyautar Bincike ta Duniya ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, Kwalejin Jihar West Virginia, Amurka (Mayu, 2000). == Labarai. == * DOZIE, INS; OKEKE, CN & UNAEZE, NC. Mafi ƙarancin, alkaline-active keratinolytic proteinase daga ''Chrysosporium keratinophilum'' . Jaridar Duniya na Microbiology da Biotechnology 10: 563-567 (1994 ''').''' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=563–567}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo. Ilimin al'umma da imani game da watsawa, jiyya da rigakafi. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 118 (2): 128-130 (2004). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=128–130}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB. Onchocerciasis a jihar Imo, Najeriya. 2. Yaɗuwa, ƙarfi da rarrabawa a cikin Babban Kogin Imo. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli, 14 (5): 359-369 <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=359–369}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; ONWULIRI, VA. Fassarar asibiti da cututtukan cututtukan fata na onchocercal a Najeriya. Likitan Tropical, 35 (3): 142-144 (2005). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=142–144}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; CHIKENDU, CI; OKORO, I; NJEMANZE, PC. Onchocerciasis da farfadiya a sassan Kogin Imo, Najeriya: Rahoton farko. Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, 120 (5): 448-450 (2006). <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=448–450}}</ref> * DOZIE, INS; ONWULIRI, COE; NWOKE, BEB; CHUKWUOCHA, UM; NWOKE, EA. Yaduwar rikice-rikice na lymphatic saboda kamuwa da cutar Onchocerciasis. Jaridar Parasitology ta Najeriya, 27: 23-28 (2006). * CHUKWOCHA, UM & ''DOZIE, INS.'' Yaduwar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro da yanayin motsi a yankunan da ke fama da rashin lafiya a cikin Kogin Imo na Najeriya. ''Bayanan Bincike na BMC, 4: 514-522 (2011)'' <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=514}}</ref> == Nassoshi. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] d4u6sndxe0zpvbmf1pds54e692zd4qi 0 40288 965814 886076 2026-10-10T14:58:46Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. t7yukhzje9v4pxkdfs08obf7t92tudt 965815 965814 2026-10-10T14:59:46Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. i3tbupbnjdoobgaa3ilqfib56yun8tg 965816 965815 2026-10-10T15:00:05Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. == Labari == 5wuszg7hjc8zksv9q1zhhcgxhb15xxi 965818 965816 2026-10-10T15:00:26Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == ajcvgcgbcju56km9clagfddd54obfjc 965819 965818 2026-10-10T15:01:10Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi 5x3f4mux0xvdc9r4ugvq6h9piefr6zj 965820 965819 2026-10-10T15:01:31Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. 2mmi93z9m7bv7oygddtj9x53jadwwxu 965821 965820 2026-10-10T15:02:05Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. 0235bt9w3qbx2c2fnbindudx9ilr00b 965822 965821 2026-10-10T15:02:31Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. nnxafpd7tfd3kw3rxch18uuyz4mn2m1 965823 965822 2026-10-10T15:02:57Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo == sxiwr6wmsffaapy737vfz0igghqwf0h 965825 965823 2026-10-10T15:03:54Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> mom88lv8sl4p61qj54uusvkxn4c0w7e 965826 965825 2026-10-10T15:04:17Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> odhbds7pn97c106v7sls2k3ypuwwugp 965827 965826 2026-10-10T15:04:42Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] 5c52ak0ez7zjymzrcydinuixjh6dv16 965828 965827 2026-10-10T15:05:24Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. 97awntclirgg4olg6s6yvl16vldg2wc 965829 965828 2026-10-10T15:05:49Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. n7hj8x6x3srqxgm8gd5b9edfdm5r83c 965830 965829 2026-10-10T15:06:15Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. 48859gfawj58xrzygpofze0swtw8xr4 965832 965830 2026-10-10T15:07:33Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. 2fjeizjah5xvn7q07qkojqarxnl4joh 965833 965832 2026-10-10T15:08:37Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == s5pq1nu0t92rm4i2co46bq04svb64ih 965834 965833 2026-10-10T15:09:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. is61m93fvmu6jz0rxr4kagz9rz9xga3 965835 965834 2026-10-10T15:10:02Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. 51xf756debvbe5z14fn58outbbwech0 965836 965835 2026-10-10T15:10:37Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> 1xkb6kavwd5que77p2x3qe1d24cw1ub 965837 965836 2026-10-10T15:11:22Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> == Jigogi == 1axrq0bklrypdkenoxbr0l90fpecuk5 965839 965837 2026-10-10T15:12:29Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> == Jigogi == 2ef65314oo7lc937bb03a4nzavu6pja 965840 965839 2026-10-10T15:12:59Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == 2q097mdz21w10h9xhg293ep069vqyn4 965841 965840 2026-10-10T15:13:27Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> tj271l5n53tcxw0ogheugwygveonwcu 965842 965841 2026-10-10T15:14:29Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". 2rd59ks9n1msrdfw4q5imfuo58sc55b 965843 965842 2026-10-10T15:15:17Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". == Liyafar maraba == 908npue6h434n2a8v0mzoi8yq78vop7 965845 965843 2026-10-10T15:15:54Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == h6an8ejsrnbkwv5ceyvpskrkvaxbwvd 965846 965845 2026-10-10T15:16:25Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ditxm5hg3zli0d346dyhx545k9pr6j 965848 965846 2026-10-10T15:18:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h8zftpzasgx4m07mp33s4ydm4hdh654 965849 965848 2026-10-10T15:18:55Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> === Accolades === Mafi kyawun Fim da Mafi kyawun Wasan Kwaikwayo a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Afirka]] na 2014; Sadiq Daba ya lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumi. ''['' <ref name=":5" /> Fim ɗin ya kuma sami zaɓɓuka 12 a [[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|gasar African Magic Viewers Choice Awards ta 2015]] kuma ya lashe zaɓe tara, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim na Shekara da Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Fim; Kehinde Bankole ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma. <ref name="AMVCA winners announced">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=AMVCA Winners Announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qdygqr6aks0yi1n97zsmhvy7kosgvwq 965850 965849 2026-10-10T15:19:30Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356365089|October 1 (film)]]" 965850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> === Accolades === Mafi kyawun Fim da Mafi kyawun Wasan Kwaikwayo a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Afirka]] na 2014; Sadiq Daba ya lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumi. ''['' <ref name=":5" /> Fim ɗin ya kuma sami zaɓɓuka 12 a [[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|gasar African Magic Viewers Choice Awards ta 2015]] kuma ya lashe zaɓe tara, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim na Shekara da Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Fim; Kehinde Bankole ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma. <ref name="AMVCA winners announced">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=AMVCA Winners Announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kk10xh1irnjfx4r7qarcj4ba1hzyt4y 965851 965850 2026-10-10T15:20:04Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 965851 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Databox '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> === Accolades === Mafi kyawun Fim da Mafi kyawun Wasan Kwaikwayo a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Afirka]] na 2014; Sadiq Daba ya lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumi. ''['' <ref name=":5" /> Fim ɗin ya kuma sami zaɓɓuka 12 a [[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|gasar African Magic Viewers Choice Awards ta 2015]] kuma ya lashe zaɓe tara, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim na Shekara da Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Fim; Kehinde Bankole ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma. <ref name="AMVCA winners announced">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=AMVCA Winners Announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3sni7pewzvsiyzd1k6oqp6xpxvrq57e 965852 965851 2026-10-10T15:20:36Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 965852 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Databox '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> === Accolades === Mafi kyawun Fim da Mafi kyawun Wasan Kwaikwayo a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Afirka]] na 2014; Sadiq Daba ya lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumi. ''['' <ref name=":5" /> Fim ɗin ya kuma sami zaɓɓuka 12 a [[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|gasar African Magic Viewers Choice Awards ta 2015]] kuma ya lashe zaɓe tara, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim na Shekara da Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Fim; Kehinde Bankole ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma. <ref name="AMVCA winners announced">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=AMVCA Winners Announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta almikt4bt1b1fms3mymzh69qxpi4zs6 965853 965852 2026-10-10T15:21:08Z Umar Rabiuu 38014 965853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox }} '''''1 ga Oktoba''''' fim ne mai ban sha'awa na Najeriya na 2014 wanda [[Tunde Babalola]] ya rubuta, [[Kunle Afolayan]] ne ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni, sannan ya fito da [[Sadiq Daba]], Kayode Olaiya, da Demola Adedoyin. An shirya fim ɗin ne a cikin watannin ƙarshe na [[Mallakar Najeriya|mulkin mallaka na Najeriya]] a shekarar 1960. Yana ba da labarin almara na Danladi Waziri (Daba), wani jami'in 'yan sanda daga [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], yana binciken jerin kisan gillar da aka yi wa mata matasa a ƙauyen Akote da ke Yammacin Najeriya kafin 1 ga Oktoba 1960 - ranar da Najeriya [[Tarihin Najeriya|ta sami 'yancin kai]] daga mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya. An shirya taron ne ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' da kasafin kuɗin {{US$|2|link=yes}}{{Spaces}}miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke makwabtaka da Akure, suna amfani da kayan ado na zamani da kayan ado, daga watan Agusta zuwa Satumba 2013. An fara nuna fim ɗin a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014 kuma an buɗe shi ga masu kallo na ƙasashen duniya a ranar 3 ga Oktoba. Fim ɗin ya samu kuɗi sama da ₦100 kacal{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) cikin watanni shida da fitowarsa; Afolayan ya dora alhakin [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fina-finai]] kan ƙarancin kuɗin shiga da fim ɗin ke samu. ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' za ta yi magana ne kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi wa yara, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|haɗin kan Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . Masu suka sun yi wa fim ɗin bita mai kyau, suna yaba wa fim ɗin, tsarin shirya shi da kuma yadda yake yin kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Fim ɗin ya kuma lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim, Mafi Kyawun Fim, da Mafi Kyawun Jarumi a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Afirka]] na 2014. == Labari == [[Mallakar Najeriya|Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya]] sun gayyaci sufeto Danladi Waziri don gabatar da bincikensa kan jerin fyade da kisan gillar da aka yi wa 'yan mata matasa a Akote, wani ƙauye mai nisa a Yammacin Najeriya. Da isarsa Akote, Sajen Afonja ya tarbe shi, wanda ya gaya masa cewa wani mutum a kan doki wanda mazauna ƙauyen da yawa ke yabawa shine Yarima Aderopo, mutum na farko a cikin al'ummarsu da ya kammala karatunsa daga jami'a. Yayin da yake fara bincikensa, Waziri ya lura da wani tsari a cikin kisan gillar kuma ya kammala da cewa fyaɗe da kisan gilla aikin wani mai kisan gilla ne. Da yamma, yayin da Aderopo ke ganawa da abokansa na yarinta Tawa da Agbekoya a mashayar ƙauyen, ɗaya daga cikin masu gadinsa ya bar aikinsa don yin lokaci tare da masoyinsa. A mashayar, Baba Ifa, babban firist na garin, ya gargaɗi Waziri da Afonja cewa za a ci gaba da kisan har sai mai kisan ya gamsu. Washegari, an gano gawar masoyin mai gadi Waziri ya bada umarnin a kamo Baba Ifa, amma Afonja ya ki. Waziri ya dakatar da shi ya maye gurbinsa da mataimakinsa, Kofur Omolodun. An gano gawar wata yarinya 'yar kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] kuma Omolodun ya bi mai kisan a kan hanyar daji; sai mai kisan ya kashe Omolodun. Okafor, mahaifin yarinyar, da sauran ƙabilunsa sun kama wani [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] mai tafiya, yana mai cewa shi ne mai kisan kai. An kama wanda ake zargi, amma ya dage cewa ba shi da laifi kuma ya gaya wa Waziri cewa ainihin wanda ya aikata laifin yana busa waƙa. Waziri ya sanar da manyansa cewa ya sami mai kisan kuma zai rufe shari'ar. Okafor ya jefa wa mutumin adda a lokacin da yake canja wurin aiki, inda ya huda masa zuciya; yayin da yake mutuwa, mutumin ya ci gaba da dagewa kan cewa bai kashe yarinyar ba. Bayan ya fita daga bikin rufe binciken, Waziri ya ji ana busawa kuma mai kisan ya ci zarafinsa. Duk da cewa ya bugu sosai har ba zai iya gane shi ba, a hankali yana tuna fuskar mai kisan yayin da yake murmurewa a gidan Afonja. Washegari da safe, sai ya je kasuwa domin ya lura da yadda Aderopo yake magana. Waziri ya ziyarci Tawa kuma ya gano cewa Aderopo da Agbekoya duk sun sami tallafin karatu iri ɗaya daga Reverend Dowling, firist ɗin ƙauyen. Waziri ya ziyarci Agbekoya, wanda ya bayyana cewa Dowling ya yi masa lalata da Aderopo. A wani bikin samun 'yancin kai, Aderopo ya gayyaci Tawa zuwa maboyarsu ta yarinta, wadda aka gyara. Waziri da Afonja sun yi ƙoƙarin bin diddiginsu, amma ba su yi nasara ba; Agbekoya, mutum ɗaya tilo da ya san inda maboyar take, shi ne ya jagorance su zuwa can. Yayin da suka iso, Aderopo zai yi wa Tawa hukunci na shida, wanda ke nuna shekaru shida da Dowling ya ci zarafinsa. Waziri da Afonja sun ceci Tawa. Daga baya Waziri ya gabatar da labarin bincikensa ga Turawan Birtaniya, waɗanda suka umarce shi da ya ɓoye asalin Aderopo; ya yarda ya yi hakan da son rai don samun 'yancin kai cikin lumana. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==   == Samarwa == Manufar taron na ranar ''1 ga Oktoba'' ta fito ne daga sha'awar [[Kunle Afolayan]] na shirya wani labari da aka tsara a cikin ƙaramin al'umma. Marubuta da dama sun gabatar da rubuce-rubuce kafin ya haɗu da [[Tunde Babalola]], wanda daga ƙarshe aka ɗauke shi aiki don rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka fara yi masa lakabi da ''Dust'' . Afolayan kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rubutun. Duk da cewa Afolayan bai so ya ɗauki fim ɗin wani babban shiri mai kasafin kuɗi ba, daga ƙarshe ya kammala da cewa rubutun yana buƙatar ɗaya domin yana son shirya "fim ɗin ƙasa" <ref name="Jasanya, Olamide" /> wanda ke jan hankalin matasa da tsofaffi: "Ga tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda suka kasance ɓangare na 'yancin kai, za su iya ganin kansu a cikin wannan fim ɗin. Ga ƙananan tsararraki dandamali ne - da yawa daga cikinsu waɗanda ba su san labarin Najeriya ba." <ref name="dstv">{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Peju |last2=Kan |first2=Toni |author-link2=Toni Kan |date=8 October 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Talks Up ''October 1'' |url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125520/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2013/10/08/kunle-afolayan-talks-up-october-1st/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Africa Magic]] |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> 1 ' ''Oktoba'', {{US$|2}}{{Spaces}}kasafin kuɗi miliyan ( [[Naira|₦]] 315){{Spaces}}miliyan a shekarar 2013) sun fito ne daga hukumomi da dama na gwamnati da kamfanoni, ciki har da Gwamnatin Jihar Legas, [[Toyota]] Nigeria, Elizade Motors, Guinness, da Sovereign Trust Insurance. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo sama da dubu sun yi gwajin fim ɗin. Afolayan ya bayyana cewa ya zaɓi [[Sadiq Daba]] don ya taka rawar Waziri ne saboda yana son wani daga arewacin Najeriya wanda zai iya jin [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] kuma yana da "kallo" da ya dace da kyawun fim ɗin na shekarun 1960. Afolayan ta fito a matsayin [[Deola Sagoe]], mai tsara kayan fim ɗin, a matsayin [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]] - mai fafutukar neman 'yancin kai a Najeriya - saboda siffofinta sun yi kama da na [[Iyalin Ransome-Kuti|dangin Ransome-Kuti]] . Afolayan kuma yayi tauraro a matsayin Agbekoya. <ref name="dstv" /> [[File:Morris_minor_october_1_(cropped).jpg|alt=A square-shaped, teal car.|thumb| Wani Morris Minor na shekarar 1964, an dawo da shi don amfani a cikin fim ɗin ]] An fara ɗaukar fim ɗin a watan Agusta na 2013 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], tare da ƙarin ɗaukar fim a Ilara-Mokin, [[Akure]], da ƙauyukan da ke maƙwabtaka da Akure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2014 |title=Nollywood: Nigeria's Booming Movie Industry |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004223429/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/nollywood-nigerias-booming-movie-industry/ |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=4 October 2023 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> Tawagar shirya fim ɗin ta ƙunshi mutane kusan ɗari kuma an ɗauki fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarorin ja . An cire kayan ƙirƙira na zamani da aka ɗauka a lokacin ɗaukar hoto na farko ta hanyar dijital yayin da ake yin fim. <ref name="Tribune">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=''October 1'': Another Quality Offering from Kunle Afolayan |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819061907/http://www.tribune.com.ng/arts-culture/item/13496-october-1-another-quality-offering-from-kunle-afolayan |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> Harbin ya ƙare a watan Satumba bayan kwana 42. Daraktan zane-zane [[Pat Nebo]] ne ya yi kusan rabin kayan da aka yi amfani da su a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' . Wasu kuma an samo su ne daga Amurka da Birtaniya, ciki har da talabijin da bindigogin bindiga na shekarun 1950, domin [[Rundunar ƴan Sandan Najeriya|rundunar 'yan sandan Najeriya]] ba ta ajiye tsoffin kayan aiki ba kuma ba a same su a cikin gida ba. <ref name="dstv" /> An samo wasu daga cikin tsoffin motocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin a Najeriya; an gyara da yawa. <ref name="allafric" /> Sagoe ya tsara kayan ado na lokacin. Masu tsara kayan kwalliya sun kalli shirye-shiryen fina-finai kuma sun yi bincike kan kayan tarihi don ɗaukar salon shekarun 1960 a Najeriya. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Yinka Edward]] ya ce ya yi amfani da hasken halitta don ɗaukar hoto mai kyau domin yana son haɗa fim ɗin da yanayin motsin zuciyar Aderopo. ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba,'' an nuna wani waƙar da [[Kulanen Ikyo]] ya rera, da kuma waƙoƙin "Mama E" da "Bo Ko Daya" na [[Victor Olaiya]], da kuma "Sunny Sunny Day", wanda Yvonne Denobis ya rubuta kuma Ikyo ya shirya. == Fitowa == An fitar da fosta ta farko ' ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a watan Yunin 2013, inda aka nuna tutocin Najeriya da na Birtaniya suna shawagi a kan wani gari mai ƙura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=11 July 2013 |title=First Poster for Nigerian Helmer Kunle Afolayan's Next – The $2 Million Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006132023/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/first-poster-for-nigerian-helmer-kunle-afolayans-next-the-2-million-thriller-october-1 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba, masu shirya fina-finai sun bayyana wasu hotunan jarumai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Unveils Character Posters for ''October 1'' |url=http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605050912/http://soarnaija.com/photos-kunle-afolayan-unveils-character-posters-for-october-1/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |website=Soar Naija |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles">{{Cite web |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=11 September 2013 |title=Kunle Afolayan Reveals More Characters in ''October 1'' Film |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104001/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309121305.html |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=22 June 2014 |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fitar da tirelar farko a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2013, [[Ranar 'Yancin Kai ta (Najeriya)|ranar cika shekaru 53 da samun 'yancin kai]] a Najeriya. Tirelar ta lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Tirelar Fina-finai na Almara" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na International Movie Trailers Festival na 2013. An fara shirya fitar da shi a ranar 1 ''ga'' Oktoba, 2013. <ref name="Mgbolu, Charles" /> A watan Maris na 2014, Afolayan bai iya fayyace ranar da za a fitar da fim ɗin ba, yana mai cewa yana guje wa fitar da shi a lokaci guda da ''[[Render to Caesar]]'', ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun (fim)|Half of a Yellow Sun]]'', ''[[Fim ɗin 76|<nowiki/>'76]]'', da ''[[Dazzling Mirage]]'' . Masu shirya fina-finan sun kuma sanar da cewa za a fitar da nau'ikan fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ɗaya ga masu kallon fim na Najeriya, ɗaya ga masu kallon fina-finai na Afirka, ɗaya ga bukukuwan fina-finai, da kuma wani nau'in fim na duniya. Terra Kulture, wani mai tallata fasaha na Najeriya, ya shirya nuna fina-finai na sirri kafin a fitar da fim ɗin gaba ɗaya. An fara nuna shi a ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a [[Eko Hotels and Suites|Otal-otal da Suites na Eko]] da ke Legas a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2014. Taron yana da jigon shekarun 1960, <ref>{{Cite web |last=29 September 2014 |title=Photos from Kunle Afolayan's Movie Premiere |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001041822/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-photos-from-kunle-afolayans-movie-premiere-id3162406.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> wanda ya ƙunshi wani baje kolin da ya ƙunshi rangadin wuraren da aka shirya da kuma nunin kayan kwalliya da kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin. <ref name="dstv" /> <ref name="allafricanews">{{Cite web |last=Sowole |first=Tajudeen |date=10 October 2014 |title=How Afolayan's ''October 1'' Excavated Rare Museum Pieces in Lagos |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011120013/http://allafrica.com/stories/201410100664.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=11 October 2014 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fina-finai na zamani a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2014 kuma an buɗe fim ɗin ga jama'a a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ige, Rotimi |date=22 August 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' Movie Set for Cinemas |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006144806/http://www.tribune.com.ng/friday-treat/item/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas/13962-kunle-afolayan-s-october-1-movie-set-for-cinemas |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |publisher=}}</ref> An nuna fim ɗin ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' a taron Cultural Confidence na 2014, wanda shirin fina-finan [[Nollywood]] Diaspora Films ya shirya a Jami'ar New York a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=9 October 2014 |title=USA Premiere Set for Nigerian Filmmaker Kunle Afolayan's 1960s-Set Thriller ''October 1'' |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020180827/http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/usa-premiere-set-for-nigerian-filmmaker-kunle-afolayans-1960s-set-thriller-october-1-20141009 |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014 |website=[[IndieWire]] |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Wilson |date=11 October 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's ''October 1'' to Screen on Oct. 11 at Nollywood Diaspora Film Series |url=http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020084340/http://www.blackfilm.com/read/2014/10/kunle-afolayans-october-1-to-screen-on-oct-11-at-nollywood-diaspora-film-series/ |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Blackfilm.com |publisher=}}</ref> An kuma zaɓi fim ɗin a hukumance don [[Africa International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na ƙasashen duniya na Afirka]] na 2014. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=2014 Winners |url=http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911022932/http://afriff.com/afriff-2014-winners/ |archive-date=11 September 2015 |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa International Film Festival]]}}</ref> An fara nuna fim ɗin a Turai a Landan a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014 a bikin Fina-finan Afirka na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''October 1'' UK Premiere |url=http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020343/http://www.filmafrica.org.uk/october-1-uk-premiere/ |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Film Africa |publisher=[[The Royal African Society]]}}</ref> ''A ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' kuma an buɗe Makon Fina-finai na Afirka na 4 a Girka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=22 February 2015 |title=Afolayan Represents Nigeria at Greece African Film Festival |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162339/http://allafrica.com/stories/201402241841.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=27 March 2015 |website=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]] |via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> Jaridar ''The Nation'' ta kiyasta cewa an samu kimanin ₦60 ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba''{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|60000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) {{As of|2015|January}} . A wata hira da ya yi da ''The Netng'' a watan Fabrairun 2015, Afolayan ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin ya samu riba sama da ₦100.{{Spaces}}miliyan ( {{US$|{{To USD round|100000000|NGA|year=2014|sf=2}}}} a shekarar 2014) a cikin watanni shida. A watan Afrilun 2015, Afolayan ya ji cewa an yi [[Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka|satar fasaha]] a fim ɗin, wanda hakan ya sa ya yi suka a [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|shafin Twitter]] kan [[Inyamurai|mutanen Igbo]] a [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]], waɗanda ya ga su ne tushen satar fasaha; Afolayan ya nemi afuwa da sauri game da kalamansa. Ya kuma yi tambaya ko satar fasaha zai shafi ribar fim ɗin nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCain |first=Carmen |date=Spring 2016 |title=Close-Up: The Marginalization of African Media Studies; An Evolution in Nollywood, Nigeria's New Wave: A Conversation with Chris Eneaji |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/619769 |journal=Black Camera |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=212 |doi=10.2979/blackcamera.7.2.194 |s2cid=156876347 |url-access=subscription |via=[[Project MUSE]]}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, ''an saki 1 ga Oktoba'' a kan sabis na bidiyo na DStv Explora akan buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chimdumga |date=17 December 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan's Movie Now on Box Office |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223133752/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-kunle-afolayans-movie-now-on-box-office-id3352499.html |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria |publisher=}}</ref> A wata mai zuwa, Afolayan ya sanar da cewa [[Netflix]] ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin ta yanar gizo, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fina-finan Nollywood na farko da aka nuna a Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agina |first=Añulika |date=13 April 2021 |editor-last=Suzanne |editor-first=Enzerink |title=Netflix and the Transnationalization of Nollywood |url=https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916014452/https://post45.org/2021/04/netflix-and-the-transnationalization-of-nollywood/ |archive-date=16 September 2023 |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Post45 Contemporaries |series=New Filmic Geographies}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da aka nuna a bayan fage a tashar DStv ta Africa Magic a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwani |first=Akintayo |date=7 September 2014 |title=Kunle Afolayan to Air Making of ''October 1'' on DStv Today |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006095704/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/kunle-afolayan-air-making-october-1-dstv-today |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=27 May 2023 |website=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]] |publisher=}}</ref> == Jigogi == Masu suka sun lura cewa ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta yi magana kan jigogi da dama, ciki har da cin zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata da manyan shugabannin addini ke yi, rikicin addini da kabilanci, siyasa da kare hakkin dan adam a [[Mallakar Najeriya|Najeriyar mulkin mallaka]], da kuma [[Tarihin Najeriya|hadewar Najeriya da 'yancin kai]] . <ref name="News Wire">{{Cite web |last=Ogwo |first=Augustine |date=14 October 2014 |title=Must Read: NewsWireNGR Reviews Much Talked About Movie ''October 1'' by Kunle Afolayan |url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411212534/http://newswirengr.com/2014/10/14/must-read-newswirengr-reviews-much-talked-about-movie-october-1-by-kunle-afolayan/ |archive-date=11 April 2015 |access-date=5 April 2015 |agency=[[NewswireNGR]]}}</ref> Masu suka da yawa sun lura cewa ''a ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' an soki mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mai shirya fina-finai [[Onyeka Nwelue]] ya bayyana fim ɗin a matsayin "mai ƙara haske game da gaskiyar al'umma da ƙabilanci ya raba ta". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |author-link=Onyeka Nwelue |date=7 October 2014 |title=Movie Review: ''October 1'' – A Kunle Afolayan Film, by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008010805/http://www.thetrentonline.com/movie-review-october-1st-kunle-afolayan-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=7 October 2014 |website=The Trent |publisher=}}</ref> Wilfred Okiche na ''[[YNaija]]'' ya danganta nazarin halayen fim ɗin game da cin zarafin tunani da rashin dacewar siyasa a ƙasar, wanda ya samo asali ne daga dabarar mulkin mallaka ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin ƙabilu da dama a ƙasa ɗaya. <ref name="ynaija">{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=13 October 2014 |title=Review: Why You Should Be Very Proud of @KunleAfolayan's ''October 1'' |url=http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016005716/http://ynaija.com/movie-review-october-1-shining-example-nollywood-rising/ |archive-date=16 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |website=[[YNaija]] |publisher=}}</ref> A cikin ''[[The Nation (Najeriya)|mujallar The Nation]]'', Victor Akande ya yi tsokaci kan sharhin fim ɗin game da [[Halin mulkin mallaka|tunanin mulkin mallaka]], yana mai nuni ga imanin Aderopo da Agbekoya cewa ilimin Yammacin duniya zai inganta su, yayin da a zahiri ya kawar da su daga al'ada. Akande da Yishau Olukorede sun lura cewa masu sauraro za su fahimci kamanceceniya tsakanin waɗannan jigogi da sukar da [[Rikicin Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ke yi wa ilimin Yammacin duniya. <ref name=":3" /> Bugu da ƙari, Jane Agouye, tana rubutu a cikin ''[[The Punch|jaridar The Punch]]'', ta bayyana kisan gillar da aka yi a jere a matsayin misali na "fyade albarkatun ƙasar da fararen fata suka yi". [[Toni Kan]], wacce ta yi bitar fim ɗin a cikin ''[[This Day]]'', ta kammala da cewa fim ɗin ya ɗauki wani "tsammani" game da "zuwan 'yancin kai, farkon sabon zamani". Masana sun kuma yi magana game da ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' daga mahangar raunin da mulkin mallaka ya jefa Najeriya a ciki. Ezinne Michaelia Ezepue da Chidera G. Nwafor sun yi jayayya cewa Afolayan "yana goyon bayan a cire mulkin mallaka" ta hanyar amfani da haruffan fim ɗin a matsayin masu kare tasirin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ga Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ezepue |first=Ezinne Michaelia |last2=Nwafor |first2=Chidera G. |date=July–September 2023 |title=''October 1'': Metaphorizing Nigeria's Collective Trauma of Colonization |journal=[[SAGE Open]] |volume=13 |issue=3 |doi=10.1177/21582440231197271 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azeez Akinwumi Sesan ya mayar da hankali kan "kalmomin dawowa" na fim ɗin zuwa "kai da ƙasa ... ta hanyar siffantawa da wakilcin katharsis na gama gari a matsayin samfurin gama gari wanda ba a san ko mutane ko ƙabila ba". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sesan |first=Azeez Akinwumi |date=2017 |title=The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan's Film ''October 1'' |journal=[[Matatu (journal)|Matatu]] |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=424 |doi=10.1163/18757421-04902010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Osakue Stevenson Omoera ta yi jawabi a fim ɗin daga mahangar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana danganta binciken fim ɗin game da cin zarafin mata da rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da batutuwan siyasa na zamani a Najeriya. Jaruman da ma'aikatan fim ɗin ''ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' sun sami irin waɗannan jigogi a cikin fim ɗin. Babalola ya ce "labari ya nuna yadda 'yancin kai ya shafi kabilu a Najeriya" kuma fim ɗin "ya nuna Najeriya da kuma abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi wariya da suka faru da ƙasar". Daba ya bayyana cewa fim ɗin "ya shafi dukkan Najeriya har zuwa zamanin mulkin mallaka. Yana magana ne game da dangantakar ƙabilu da sauran su". <ref name="weekly trust">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |date=13 July 2013 |title=Sadiq Daba: I Can't Be Part of Kannywood |url=http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502062712/http://weeklytrust.com.ng/index.php/magazine-cover/13221-sadiq-daba-i-can-t-be-part-of-kannywood |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=[[Media Trust|Weekly Trust]] |publisher=}}</ref> Afolayan ya bayyana ɗabi'ar fim ɗin a matsayin "layin ƙarshe na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mulkin mallaka ... wanda ya ce, 'Ko mai kyau ko mara kyau ƙasarku ce yanzu ' . <ref name="punch" /> == Liyafar maraba == ''Ranar 1 ga Oktoba'' ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya. Amarachukwu Iwuala, mai rubutu a ''jaridar Pulse'', ya yaba da zane-zanen fim, zane-zanen shirye-shirye da kuma kayan kwalliya, rubutu, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amarachukwu |date=18 October 2014 |title=Review Of Kunle Afolayan's Movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020165013/http://pulse.ng/movies/october-1-review-of-kunle-afolayans-movie-id3206364.html |archive-date=20 October 2014 |access-date=19 October 2014 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A cikin ''shirin This Day'', Toni Kan ta yaba wa rubuce-rubuce da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta yaba wa Kehinde Bankole saboda yadda ta nuna Tawa. Kan ya kuma yaba da alkiblar da kuma makircin, yana mai cewa duk da cewa an gabatar da wanda ya kashe shi tun daga farkon fim ɗin, Afolayan ya bar masu kallo suna shakkar ko sun fassara shaidar daidai. [[Sabunta Nollywood|Nollywood Reinvented]] ta ba fim ɗin maki 72%, inda ta yaba da rubutunsa, amma ta soki rabin farko na fim ɗin saboda ya sa masu kallo su yi "sauƙi" su yi hasashen asalin wanda ya kashe shi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=''October 1'' |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614191227/http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2015/04/october-1.html |archive-date=2018-06-14 |access-date=2023-05-28 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> Onykea Nwelule shi ma ya yaba da rubutun saboda tattaunawa mai zurfi da kuma daidaiton tarihin fim ɗin, yana mai kiran fim ɗin "aikin haziki", amma ya rubuta cewa da ya so fim ɗin ya ƙunshi mutane na tarihi da ke da hannu a cikin fafutukar 'yancin kai ta Najeriya. <ref name=":1" /> Augustine Ogwo ya yaba da yadda aka tsara fim ɗin, yadda aka tsara shi, da kuma yadda aka tsara shi. Ya kammala da cewa fim ɗin "zai tsaya tsayin daka" kuma ya yi hasashen cewa zai haifar da ci gaba da tattaunawa kan batutuwan ƙasa. <ref name="News Wire" /> Wilfred Okiche na ''YNaija'' ya yaba da tsarin shirya fim ɗin, amma ya lura da "wasu matsaloli masu rikitarwa game da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo kai tsaye da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo masu ban mamaki". <ref name="ynaija" /> Isabella Akinseye ta Nolly Silver Screen ta ba fim ɗin tauraro 3.4 cikin 5, inda ta ce fim ɗin ya yi ƙoƙarin yin abubuwa da yawa, yana mai da hankali kan zane-zanensa, kayan sawa, tsarin shirya fina-finai da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta yaba. <ref name="Nollysilverscreen">{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |date=13 October 2014 |title=100 Word Review: ''October 1'' Attempts to Teach Nigeria's History Through Entertainment |url=https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528135415/https://nollysilverscreen.com/100-word-review-october-1-attempts-to-teach-nigerias-history-through-entertainment/ |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=28 May 2023 |website=Nolly Silver Screen |publisher=}}</ref> Masanin fim din Babatunde Onikoyi ya ce fim din ya misalta matsayin Afolayan a matsayin darakta na [[Sabuwar Sinimar Najeriya|New Nigerian Cinema]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onikoyi |first=Babatunde |date=April 2016 |title=''October 1'' |department=Film Reviews |journal=[[African Studies Review]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=234–235 |doi=10.1017/asr.2016.21 |s2cid=147935383}}</ref> === Accolades === Mafi kyawun Fim da Mafi kyawun Wasan Kwaikwayo a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fina-finai na Afirka]] na 2014; Sadiq Daba ya lashe kyautar gwarzon jarumi. ''['' <ref name=":5" /> Fim ɗin ya kuma sami zaɓɓuka 12 a [[2015 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|gasar African Magic Viewers Choice Awards ta 2015]] kuma ya lashe zaɓe tara, ciki har da Mafi Kyawun Fim na Shekara da Mafi Kyawun Darakta na Fim; Kehinde Bankole ya lashe kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jaruma. <ref name="AMVCA winners announced">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2015 |title=AMVCA Winners Announced |url=http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012639/http://www.dstv.com/News/AMVCA-winners-announced/126405 |archive-date=17 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |publisher=[[DStv]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta k2exld1sh0gxquvxitao8zihrl8m9y5 0 41229 965963 675985 2026-10-10T21:33:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Nigeria Ekiti State map.png|thumb|tasbiran jahar ikiti]] '''Fasa gidan yarin na Ekiti''' wani hari ne da wasu ‘yan bindiga su 60 da ba a san ko su wanene ba suka kai a gidan yarin gwamnatin tarayya dake Afao road, [[Ado-Ekiti|Ado Ekiti]] a birnin [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] dake kudu maso yammacin [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/ekiti-jailbreak-fg-sets-probe-panel/|title=EKITI JAILBREAK: FG sets up probe panel|author=|date=2 December 2014|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Harin ya faru ne a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, Shekara ta 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/23037-mayhem-as-gunmen-invade-ekiti-prison-free-inmates/23037-mayhem-as-gunmen-invade-ekiti-prison-free-inmates |title=Mayhem as gunmen invade Ekiti prison, free inmates |author=Sam Nwaoko - Ado-Ekiti |accessdate=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224022840/http://tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/23037-mayhem-as-gunmen-invade-ekiti-prison-free-inmates/23037-mayhem-as-gunmen-invade-ekiti-prison-free-inmates |archivedate=24 December 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>fursunoni 341 sun tsere daga gidan yarin inda suka kashe mai gadi 1 da karnuka 20 na maharba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.thenigerianvoice.com/news/163245/1/gunmen-invade-ekiti-prison-kill-warder-20-dogs.html|title=Gunmen invade Ekiti prison, kill warder, 20 dogs|author=|date=|work=thenigerianvoice.com|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriancurrent.com/ck88-news/jailbreak-in-ekiti-over-100-inmates-escape-1-warder-killed |title=Jailbreak In Ekiti, Over 100 Inmates Escape, 1 Warder Killed |author=Yinka Olugbade |work=Nigerian Current |accessdate=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224004026/http://www.nigeriancurrent.com/ck88-news/jailbreak-in-ekiti-over-100-inmates-escape-1-warder-killed |archivedate=24 December 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> Fursunonin da suka tsere dai suna jiran shari'a ne.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/news/392434/1-killed-suspected-boko-haram-members-attack-ekiti|title=1 Killed As Suspected Boko Haram Members Attack Ekiti - Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|work=Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|accessdate=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224004028/http://leadership.ng/news/392434/1-killed-suspected-boko-haram-members-attack-ekiti|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fursunoni 10 da suka yi yunƙurin tserewa an kama su a yayin harin da aka yi ta musayar wuta tsakanin ƴan sanda da ‘yan bindigar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2014/12/03/ekiti-jailbreak-67-prison-inmates-re-arrested/|title=Ekiti jailbreak: 67 prison inmates re-arrested|author=|date=3 December 2014|work=DailyPost Nigeria|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> An sake kama fursunoni 67 bayan harin, kuma fursunoni 274 sun tsere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/national-news/188871-274-inmates-still-missing-after-ado-ekiti-jailbreak|title=Guardian News Website - '274 inmates still missing after Ado-Ekiti jailbreak'|author=Akinlolu Oluwamuyiwa|accessdate=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141223231255/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/national-news/188871-274-inmates-still-missing-after-ado-ekiti-jailbreak|archive-date=23 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Wani fursuna wanda ya yi ikirarin cewa ya gudu ne a lokacin da ya ji karar harbe-harbe, ya koma gidan yarin ne domin ya cika takaitaccen hukuncin da aka yanke masa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/gunmen-attack-ekiti-prison-kill-warder-20-dogs/ |title=Gunmen attack Ekiti prison, kill warder, 20 dogs |work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper |accessdate=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224004829/http://www.punchng.com/news/gunmen-attack-ekiti-prison-kill-warder-20-dogs/ |archivedate=24 December 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> == Lamarin == An ruwaito lamarin ya faru ne a ranar Lahadi, 30 ga Nuwamba, Shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nigerianpilot.com/kidnap-jailbreak-nightmares-in-ado-ekiti/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141223232301/http://nigerianpilot.com/kidnap-jailbreak-nightmares-in-ado-ekiti/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2014 |title=Kidnap, jailbreak: Nightmares in Ado-Ekiti « Nigeria pilot |accessdate=24 December 2014 }}</ref> Kehinde Fadipe, Kwanturolan Hukumar Kula da [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|Gidajen Yari]] ta Najeriya, ya ƙaryata iƙirarin cewa ƴan bindigar da ba a san ko su wanene ba ƴan [[Boko Haram|ƙungiyar Boko Haram]] ne,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/national-news/188694-blast-rocks-ado-ekiti-prison |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141223231256/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/news/national-news/188694-blast-rocks-ado-ekiti-prison |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2014 |title=Guardian News Website - Blast rocks Ado Ekiti prison |author=Akinlolu Oluwamuyiwa |accessdate=24 December 2014 }}</ref> wata ƙungiyar ta'adanci a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]], ta ce babu ɗaya daga cikin mambobinsu da ke jiran shari’a, a cikin wannan kurkukun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theglobalobservatory.org/2014/12/are-recent-prison-breaks-in-nigeria-part-of-a-southward-expansion-by-boko-haram/|title=Are Recent Prison Breaks in Nigeria Part of a Southward Expansion by Boko Haram?|author=|date=16 December 2014|work=IPI Global Observatory|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/6283476 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141223231404/http://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/6283476 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2014 |title=Possible Boko Haram Gunmen Free More Than 200 Inmates In Nigeria Jailbreak |work=The Huffington Post |accessdate=24 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/12/more-than-200-freed-nigeria-mass-jailbreak-2014127212953290495.html|title=More than 200 freed in Nigeria mass jailbreak|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> ===Zargi=== A ranar 1 ga Disamba, Shekara ta 2014, gwamnan [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti,]] [[Ayodele Fayose]], ya zargi jami’an gidan yarin da haɗa baki da wasu ƴan bindiga da ba a san ko su wanene ba wajen kai harin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/2014/12/01/governor-fayose-says-prison-officials-conspired-with-inmates-in-ekiti-prison-break/|title=Governor Fayose Says Prison Officials Conspired With Inmates In Ekiti Prison Break|author=|date=|work=Channels Television|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> == Martani == Da farko dai harin na da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Oduduwa People’s Congress, wadda ake zargin yunkurin ne na sakin Adeniyi Adedipe, ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ya kasance Kodinetan na ƙungiyar Oodua Peoples Congress reshen [[jihar Ekiti]], wanda ya daɗe yana jiran shari’a.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newswirengr.com/2014/12/01/prison-break-in-ekiti-as-gunmen-invade-ado-detention-all-prisoners-reportedly-freed/|title=Prison Break In Ekiti As Gunmen Invade Ado Detention, All Prisoners 'Reportedly' Freed|author=|date=December 2014|work=NewsWireNGR|accessdate=24 December 2014}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/ekiti-jail-break-apc-accuses-fayose-complicity/|title=EKITI JAIL BREAK: APC accuses Fayose of complicity - Vanguard News|author=|date=3 December 2014|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> An samu Adedipe ne da laifin kisan tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar ma’aikatan tituna ta kasa, Cif Omolafe Aderiye.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/news/392932/apc-accuses-fayose-complicity-ado-ekiti-jail-break|title=APC Accuses Fayose Of Complicity In Ado Ekiti Jail Break - Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|work=Nigerian News from Leadership Newspapers|accessdate=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224002332/http://leadership.ng/news/392932/apc-accuses-fayose-complicity-ado-ekiti-jail-break|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da martani da cece-kuce da dama a faɗin jihar, musamman tsakanin jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|Peoples Democratic Party, PDP]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigeriatell.com/news/ekiti-jail-break-apc-accuses-fayose-of-complicity#.VFq6AMXgHa8|title=EKITI JAIL BREAK: APC accuses Fayose of complicity|accessdate=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224014922/http://www.nigeriatell.com/news/ekiti-jail-break-apc-accuses-fayose-of-complicity#.VFq6AMXgHa8|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> da jam’iyyar adawa, [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress, APC]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/12/blame-fayose-for-jailbreak-insecurity-in-ekiti-says-apc/|title=Breaking News|access-date=2023-01-22|archive-date=2019-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504070545/http://thestreetjournal.org/2014/12/blame-fayose-for-jailbreak-insecurity-in-ekiti-says-apc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma aka soke iƙirarin cewa OPC ce ta kai harin. saboda Fadipe bai taɓa tserewa ba kamar yadda aka yi zargin a baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/ekiti-prison-attack-an-inside-job-fayose/|title=Ekiti prison attack an inside job – Fayose|work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224013510/http://www.punchng.com/news/ekiti-prison-attack-an-inside-job-fayose/|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/12/jailbreak-apc-faults-fayoses-aide-police-report/ |title=Jailbreak: APC faults Fayose's aide on police report |work=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper |accessdate=24 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224011927/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/12/jailbreak-apc-faults-fayoses-aide-police-report/ |archivedate=24 December 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/ekiti-jailbreak-escaped-prisoners-now-dining-with-fayose-in-govt-house.102480/|title=Metro - Ekiti Jailbreak: Escaped Prisoners Now Dining With Fayose in Govt. House?|author=|date=|work=Nigerian Bulletin - Trending News & Updates|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Fasa gidan yarin dai ya [[Najeriya|biyo]] bayan rashin isassun [[Hukumar Kula da Gyara ta Najeriya|ma’aikatan]] gidan yari da kayan aikin da gwamnatin tarayya ke samarwa wa gidajen yari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/re-instate-sacked-prisons-officials/|title=Re-instate 'sacked' prisons officials|author=|date=20 December 2014|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Fasa Gidan Yarin Bauchi]] * [[Minna prison break|Fasa gidan yari a Minna]] * [[Kogi prison break|Fasa gidan yari a Kogi]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:2014 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] [[Category:Fasa gidan yari a Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Ekiti]] o106v3d14tumz7tvchmy8d6yxk50vvn 0 43917 966098 847585 2026-10-11T08:17:23Z Almustapha bk 49060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379561030|Anthony Gordon (footballer)]]" 966098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Michael Gordon''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu na kulob din La Liga [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] ƙwallon Ingila. Gordon ya fara sana'arsa ta sana'a tare da [[Everton FC|Everton]], inda ya fara buga wasan farko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017 a wasan Europa League, kafin ya koma [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a shekarar 2023. A shekara ta 2026, ya shiga kungiyar Barcelona ta Spain. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Anthony Michael Gordon <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Premier League clubs publish 2019/20 retained lists |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/1697050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524201938/https://www.premierleague.com/news/1697050 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2001 a [[Liverpool]], Merseyside. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon Exclusive: 'Being a Good Person is More Important Than Anything' |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1724357/anthony-gordon-exclusive-being-a-good-person-is-more-important-than-anything |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115434/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1724357/anthony-gordon-exclusive-being-a-good-person-is-more-important-than-anything |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=3 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frost |first=Howard |date=19 January 2020 |title=Gordon sets target after 'best day of his life' |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1577805/gordon-sets-target-after-best-day-of-his-life |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825231457/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1577805/gordon-sets-target-after-best-day-of-his-life |archive-date=25 August 2022 |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga asalin Irish da Scotland. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Everton === [[File:Anthony_Gordon_(cropped).jpg|thumb|291x291px|Gordon yana wasa a Everton a 2021]] Gordon ya shiga [[Everton FC|Everton]] yana da shekaru 11 <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2017 |title=Who Are Everton's Five Debutants? |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/2017/12/07/copy-of-who-are-evertons-debutants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209045607/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/2017/12/07/copy-of-who-are-evertons-debutants |archive-date=9 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> bayan an sake shi daga Kwalejin Liverpool. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brophy |first=Joe |date=22 April 2022 |title=Gordon was released by Liverpool and could end Reds' quadruple dream for Everton |url=https://talksport.com/football/1091864/everton-anthony-gordon-released-liverpool-quadruple-premier-league-relegation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422143945/https://talksport.com/football/1091864/everton-anthony-gordon-released-liverpool-quadruple-premier-league-relegation/ |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=TalkSport}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, an ambaci Gordon a cikin tawagar farko ta Everton don wasan Europa League da Apollon Limassol.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirkbride |first=Phil |date=6 December 2017 |title=Everton squad for Apollon Limassol Europa League match includes eight possible debutants |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-squad-apollon-limassol-europa-14003917 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921072407/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-squad-apollon-limassol-europa-14003917 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |access-date=7 December 2017 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Kwana daya bayan haka, ya fara buga wasan farko a wasan, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 88 a cikin nasara 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APOLLON VS. EVERTON 0–3 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/07/europe/uefa-cup/apollon-limassol/everton-football-club/2580366/?ICID=HP_MS_01_08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916213508/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/07/europe/uefa-cup/apollon-limassol/everton-football-club/2580366/?ICID=HP_MS_01_08 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=7 December 2017 |website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Begley |first=Emlyn |date=7 December 2017 |title=Apollon Limassol 0 Everton 3 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42253361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109001148/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42253361 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |access-date=8 December 2017 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2020, Gordon ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] a matsayin mai maye gurbin Bernard a 1-1 draw tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, ya fara gasar Firimiya ta farko a wasan 0-0 tare da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Gordon ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Everton. A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, Gordon ya shiga kungiyar Preston North End a kan aro don sauran kakar 2020-21. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, ya fara bugawa Preston wasa, an haɗa shi a cikin sahun farawa don Rotherham United ta ci 2-1 a gida. A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, Gordon ya yi rajistar taimakonsa na farko ga Everton, yayin da [[Jarrad Branthwaite]] ya zira kwallaye daga kwallaye a 1-1 tare da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emons |first=Michael |date=16 December 2021 |title=Chelsea 1–1 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59589156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816174724/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59589156 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2022, ya zira kwallaye na farko ga ''Toffees'' a cikin asarar 3-2 ga [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poole |first=Harry |date=2 January 2022 |title=Everton 2–3 Brighton & Hove Albion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59792556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074204/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59792556 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], ya taimaka wa [[Michael Keane]] don burin na biyu na Everton, kafin ya zira kwallaye na uku a rabi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=12 February 2022 |title=Everton 3–0 Leeds United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60269090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815115359/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60269090 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, Gordon ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan a nasarar da ya samu a kan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |author-link=Phil McNulty |date=9 April 2022 |title=Everton 1–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60963791 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822013058/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60963791 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayu, babban tawagar da magoya bayan kulob din sun ba shi suna Young Player of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Pickford And Gordon Scoop Everton Awards |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2634469/pickford-and-gordon-scoop-everton-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525153024/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2634469/pickford-and-gordon-scoop-everton-awards |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin canjin bazara na shekara ta 2022, an haɗa shi da Chelsea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Anthony Gordon: Chelsea prepared to pay up to £60m for Everton forward |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115508/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=30 August 2022 |title=Everton: Anthony Gordon transfer deadline has passed, says Frank Lampard |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62732848 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173219/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62732848 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a wasannin baya-baya da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] da Leeds United.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Brentford 1–0 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62614442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115932/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62614442 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=30 August 2022 |title=Leeds United 1–1 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62641732 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330220109/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62641732 |archive-date=30 March 2025 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An dakatar da shi don wasan da ya yi da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], saboda tarin katin rawaya, kuma ya dawo a cikin nasara 1-0 ga [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beesley |first=Chris |date=10 October 2022 |title=Everton suffer Anthony Gordon blow for Tottenham Hotspur trip |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-suffer-anthony-gordon-blow-25220612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115943/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-suffer-anthony-gordon-blow-25220612 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Ya yi rikici da [[Kieran Trippier]], wanda ya haifar da rikici da Fabian Schär, wanda ya sa 'yan wasan biyu suka yi rajista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=25 August 2022 |title=Newcastle 1–0 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63224225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115934/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63224225 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> (Yan wasan uku sun sake haduwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan canja wurinsa zuwa Newcastle, wanda aka lura da hulɗar Gordon da Schär. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davey |first=Lee |date=31 January 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon jokingly told he'll have to earn Fabian Schar's protection after first meeting with Newcastle teammate since on-pitch scuffle last October |url=https://talksport.com/football/1319111/anthony-gordon-joke-fabian-schar-newcastle-transfer-everton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173217/https://talksport.com/football/1319111/anthony-gordon-joke-fabian-schar-newcastle-transfer-everton/ |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=TalkSport}}</ref> ) A wasan da ya biyo baya, ya zira kwallaye na biyu na Everton a nasarar 3-0 a kan Crystal Palace.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=22 October 2022 |title=Everton 3–0 Crystal Palace |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63267159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120444/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63267159 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rashin lafiya ya hana shi wasanni uku, kuma a cikin abin da ya zama bayyanarsa ta ƙarshe ga ''Toffees'', ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 69 a kan Southampton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Gary |date=30 August 2022 |title=Everton 1–2 Southampton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64195234 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121185530/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64195234 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan wasan, shi da [[Yerry Mina]] sun fuskanci matsin lamba daga wani karamin bangare na magoya bayan Everton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Connor |date=15 January 2022 |title=Everton fans roadblock Anthony Gordon and shout 'get out of our club' while Yerry Mina gets out of car to confront supporters who demand 'passion' after Southampton defeat |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115508/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=TalkSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title='We understand the passion' – Lampard on fans confronting players |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c1dzkm44nedo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120443/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c1dzkm44nedo |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin canjin watan Janairu, Sky Sports ta ruwaito cewa Gordon ya kasa nunawa ga horo don tilasta ƙaura daga kulob din zuwa ɗan'uwan Premier League Newcastle United.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon: Newcastle hold talks with Everton as winger fails to turn up to training for third consecutive day |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/12795973/anthony-gordon-newcastle-hold-talks-with-everton-as-winger-fails-to-turn-up-to-training-for-third-consecutive-day |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618175944/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/12795973/anthony-gordon-newcastle-hold-talks-with-everton-as-winger-fails-to-turn-up-to-training-for-third-consecutive-day |archive-date=18 June 2025 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Gordon daga baya ya bayyana cewa ya yi takaici da hanyar da Everton ta sanar da tafiyarsa, kuma ya bayyana cewa "ya kasance babban bangare wajen kiyaye kulob din" a kakar da ta gabata. === Newcastle United === [[File:Anthony_Elanga_and_Anthony_Gordon_24052026_(1).jpg|thumb|232x232px|Gordon (dama) yana warming for Newcastle United a cikin 2026]] A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2023, Gordon ya koma Newcastle United kan kwangila na dogon lokaci, bayan ya gabatar da buƙatar canja wurin zuwa kulob din Everton na baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=Gordon Leaves Everton |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2023/january/29/gordon-leaves-everton/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=Newcastle United sign Anthony Gordon |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/newcastle-united-sign-anthony-gordon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720024055/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/newcastle-united-sign-anthony-gordon |archive-date=20 July 2024 |access-date=29 January 2023 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> [[Transfer fee|Kudin canja wurin]] da BBC Sport ta ruwaito shine fam miliyan 40 na farko, wanda zai iya tashi zuwa fam miliyan 45 a cikin kari. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya fara bugawa a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 69 a 1-1 draw a gida ga West Ham United . A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, an ambaci Gordon a cikin sahun farawa a karo na farko a cikin asarar 2-0 ga Manchester City, amma an cire shi a minti na 62, kuma raunin idon sa zai gan shi ya rasa wasanni biyu masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bevan |first=Chris |date=4 March 2023 |title=Manchester City 2–0 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64768044 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173217/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64768044 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waugh |first=Chris |date=12 March 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon set to miss Newcastle's next two matches with ankle injury |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4300265/2023/03/12/anthony-gordon-ankle-injury/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120446/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4300265/2023/03/12/anthony-gordon-ankle-injury/ |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Bayan ya dawo a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Manchester United, an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai maye gurbin. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, a kan Brentford, ya zo a rabin lokaci, amma yana da kunya na an cire shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drury |first=Sam |date=14 April 2023 |title=Brentford 1–2 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145674 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145674 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya yi fushi da kocin [[Eddie Howe]], wanda daga baya ya bayyana cewa Gordon ya fito ne a matsayin kariya saboda raunin idonsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bevan |first=Chris |date=14 April 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon: Newcastle boss Eddie Howe has 'no issue' with winger's angry reaction to being substituted |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65275310 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173223/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65275310 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Da yake sa ran karɓar maraba a lokacin da ya dawo Goodison Park a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, gudummawarsa ta ƙare kaɗan, tare da wasan da aka riga aka ci yayin da Newcastle ta kasance 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=De Cosemo |first=Harry |date=26 April 2023 |title=Newcastle: Eddie Howe urges Anthony Gordon to shut out the noise on Everton return |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65398627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120446/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65398627 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hafez |first=Shamoon |date=27 April 2023 |title=Everton 1–4 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65332145 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120448/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65332145 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Mayu, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko ga kulob din a wasan 1-1 tare da Chelsea a ranar karshe ta kakar 2022-23.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De Cosemo |first=Harry |date=28 May 2023 |title=Chelsea 1–1 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65661808 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114111419/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65661808 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2023, Gordon ya taimaka wa Sandro Tonali don burin budewa a nasarar 5-1 a kan [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] a wasan farko na Newcastle na kakar 2023-24. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bertram |first=Chris |date=12 August 2023 |title=Newcastle United 5–1 Aston Villa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66413644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206074000/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66413644 |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko a gida ga Newcastle a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2023 |title=Newcastle 1, Liverpool 2 – Match Recap: New Rules, Darwin To The Rescue |url=https://liverpooloffside.sbnation.com/2023/8/27/23847887/newcastle-united-1-liverpool-fc-2-epl-2023-result-recap-darwin-nunez-anthony-gordon-virgil-van-dijk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120223/https://liverpooloffside.sbnation.com/2023/8/27/23847887/newcastle-united-1-liverpool-fc-2-epl-2023-result-recap-darwin-nunez-anthony-gordon-virgil-van-dijk |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=www.liverpooloffside.sbnation.com}}</ref> Gordon ya ci gaba da kyakkyawan tsari a cikin kakar, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Newcastle United ta Player of the Season.<ref name="POTS2324">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Anthony Gordon wins United's Player of the Year award for 2023/24 |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/news/latest-news/anthony-gordon-wins-uniteds-player-of-the-year-award-for-202324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510180925/https://www.newcastleunited.com/news/latest-news/anthony-gordon-wins-uniteds-player-of-the-year-award-for-202324/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Gordon bai iya taka leda a wasan karshe ba saboda dakatarwar, ya zira kwallaye a duka kafafu biyu na nasarar cin kofin EFL na 2025 da [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], ya taimaka wa tawagar ta zama kungiyar Newcastle United ta farko da ta lashe babban kofin cikin gida a cikin shekaru 70. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool 1–2 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c62zl58dg8qt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429181644/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c62zl58dg8qt |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=20 March 2025 |website=BBC Football}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2025, Gordon ya zama dan wasan Premier na biyu tun lokacin da aka kori Mason Holgate a kowane kakar wasa uku da ta gabata lokacin da ya yi wani abu mai haɗari a kan Virgil van Dijk bayan alƙalin Simon Hooper ya kalli mai saka idanu na VAR lokacin da aka soke shawarar katin rawaya. A lokacin da ba ya nan, Newcastle ya ci gaba da shan kashi 3-2 a Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle United 2–3 Liverpool |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c776m8l58j8t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826033416/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c776m8l58j8t |archive-date=26 August 2025 |access-date=26 August 2025 |website=BBC Football}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da Newcastle ta yi 3-0 a gida a kan Benfica a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]], ya zama dan wasan Newcastle na farko da ya zira kwalanci a wasanni uku a jere a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Ciaran |date=2025-10-21 |title=How Newcastle's other forwards stepped up in Champions League |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cjw92q97gllo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113233213/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cjw92q97gllo |archive-date=13 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, Gordon ya zira kwallaye hudu a nasarar da ya samu 6-1 a kan Qarabağ a wasannin gasar zakarun Turai na UEFA, inda ya fara buga kwallo kuma ya zama dan wasan Newcastle na uku da ya zira kwallan a gasar zakarur, tare da Faustino Asprilla da Alan Shearer . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2026 |title=Best reaction from Qarabağ FK win as Anthony Gordon and Newcastle United break records |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/best-reaction-from-qarabag-fk-win-as-anthony-gordon-and-newcastle-united |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260417055308/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/best-reaction-from-qarabag-fk-win-as-anthony-gordon-and-newcastle-united |archive-date=17 April 2026 |access-date=11 May 2026 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya kuma zama dan wasan Newcastle na farko da ya zira kwallaye hudu a wasa daya a gasar Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qarabağ vs Newcastle United: Champions League play-off first leg |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cev7g8jwn9pt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218190251/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cev7g8jwn9pt |archive-date=18 February 2026 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugu da kari, ya zama dan wasan Ingila na biyu da ya zira kwallaye 10 a cikin yakin neman zabe na UEFA Champions League, bayan Harry Kane, wanda ya samu nasarar a kakar 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=GAME OF RECORDS |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/game-of-records-4940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801011705/https://iffhs.com/en/news/game-of-records-4940 |archive-date=1 August 2026 |access-date=1 August 2026 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2026, Gordon ya koma [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga ta [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] kan kwangilar shekaru biyar, wanda ya fara daga 1 ga Yuli 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=Anthony Gordon becomes an FC Barcelona player |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4511134/anthony-gordon-becomes-an-fc-barcelona-player |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529211951/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4511134/anthony-gordon-becomes-an-fc-barcelona-player |archive-date=29 May 2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon signs for Barcelona {{!}} NUFC |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anthony-gordon-signs-for-barcelona |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260530010752/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anthony-gordon-signs-for-barcelona |archive-date=30 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-30 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa yarjejeniyar ta kai € 80m.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ornstein |first=David |last2=Ballús |first2=Pol |date=29 May 2026 |title=Barcelona agree €80m deal with Newcastle for Anthony Gordon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6431483/2026/05/27/anthony-gordon-barcelona-newcastle-transfer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260528003612/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6431483/2026/05/27/anthony-gordon-barcelona-newcastle-transfer/ |archive-date=28 May 2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |publisher=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, ya fara bugawa a hukumance, ya ba da gudummawa biyu a cikin nasarar 5-0 a kan Elche.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajan |first=Adwaidh |date=23 August 2026 |title=Elche 0–5 Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c60ej013yengt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260823223528/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c60ej013yengt |archive-date=23 August 2026 |access-date=23 August 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2026, a cikin nasara 3-0 a kan [[Getafe CF|Getafe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2026 |title=Barcelona 3–0 Getafe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm87zxxd55r3t |access-date=10 October 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ayyukan matasa === Bayan ya wakilci kasarsa a matakin U18 da U19, Gordon ya fara bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 a lokacin da ya ci Wales 2-0 a St George's Park a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2020. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2021, Gordon ya karbi kiransa na farko ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21 kuma ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a karon farko, nasarar 3-1 a kan Jamhuriyar Czech a Turf Moor a 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship cancanta a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2021 . A ranar 14 ga Yuni 2023, an haɗa Gordon a cikin tawagar Ingila don gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 21 ta 2023 . Ya zira kwallaye a lokacin da ya ci Isra'ila a matakin rukuni kuma ya zira kwallayen da ya ci a wasan kusa da na karshe da Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Alex |date=25 June 2023 |title=England U21 2–0 Israel U21 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66013874 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711202503/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66013874 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Alex |date=2 July 2023 |title=England U21 1–0 Portugal U21 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66069220 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711202505/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66069220 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin 2023, Gordon ya fara a wasan ƙarshe yayin da Ingila ta doke Spain don ɗaga kofin. An kira Gordon dan wasa na gasar kuma an zaba shi a cikin tawagar gasar. === Babban aiki === [[File:Anthony_Gordon_England_v_Ghana_23_June_2026-124.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Gordon tare da Ingila a gasar cin [[2026 FIFA World Cup|Kofin Duniya na 2026]]]] Gordon ya karbi kiransa na farko ga manyan 'yan wasan Ingila a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024 don wasannin sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da Belgium. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 23 ga watan Maris lokacin da ya fara cin nasarar Ingila 1-0 ga Brazil a [[Filin wasa na Wembley]] . An ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 na Ingila don UEFA Euro 2024 . A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2024, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a cikin nasarar 5-0 na UEFA Nations League a kan Jamhuriyar Ireland. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=17 November 2024 |title=England 5–0 Republic of Ireland: Hosts score five in second half to earn Nations League promotion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c98envjpj72t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528192952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c98envjpj72t |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2026, an ambaci Gordon a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don wakiltar Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Veevers |first=Nicholas |date=May 22, 2026 |title=Three Lions Come Together for World Cup |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2026/May/22/england-mens-world-cup-2026-squad-named-by-thomas-tuchel-20262205 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522101615/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2026/May/22/england-mens-world-cup-2026-squad-named-by-thomas-tuchel-20262205 |archive-date=May 22, 2026 |access-date=May 22, 2026 |publisher=[[The Football Association]]}}</ref> Ya ba da gudummawa biyu ga burin da Harry Kane ya zira a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 32. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2026 |title=Anthony Gordon grabs two assists as England fight back to beat DR Congo at World Cup 2026 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/anthony-gordon-grabs-two-assists-181002934.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260702080655/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/anthony-gordon-grabs-two-assists-181002934.html |archive-date=2 July 2026 |access-date=2 July 2026 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] a wasan kusa da na karshe amma daga karshe an kawar da Ingila a cikin asarar 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-15 |title=World Cup 2026: England 1-2 Argentina - Three Lions suffer semi-final loss after stunning late turnaround by holders |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/england-vs-argentina/report/549867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260716001351/https://www.skysports.com/football/england-vs-argentina/report/549867 |archive-date=16 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mbmn145vhrkuip4mo0tvw50i6jv8ek3 966099 966098 2026-10-11T08:18:46Z Almustapha bk 49060 966099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Michael Gordon''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan hagu na kulob din La Liga [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] ƙwallon Ingila. Gordon ya fara sana'arsa ta sana'a tare da [[Everton FC|Everton]], inda ya fara buga wasan farko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017 a wasan Europa League, kafin ya koma [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] a shekarar 2023. A shekara ta 2026, ya shiga kungiyar Barcelona ta Spain. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Anthony Michael Gordon <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Premier League clubs publish 2019/20 retained lists |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/1697050 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524201938/https://www.premierleague.com/news/1697050 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2001 a [[Liverpool]], Merseyside. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon Exclusive: 'Being a Good Person is More Important Than Anything' |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1724357/anthony-gordon-exclusive-being-a-good-person-is-more-important-than-anything |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115434/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1724357/anthony-gordon-exclusive-being-a-good-person-is-more-important-than-anything |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=3 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frost |first=Howard |date=19 January 2020 |title=Gordon sets target after 'best day of his life' |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1577805/gordon-sets-target-after-best-day-of-his-life |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825231457/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/1577805/gordon-sets-target-after-best-day-of-his-life |archive-date=25 August 2022 |access-date=26 August 2022 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga asalin Irish da Scotland. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Everton === [[File:Anthony_Gordon_(cropped).jpg|thumb|291x291px|Gordon yana wasa a Everton a 2021]] Gordon ya shiga [[Everton FC|Everton]] yana da shekaru 11 <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2017 |title=Who Are Everton's Five Debutants? |url=http://www.evertonfc.com/news/2017/12/07/copy-of-who-are-evertons-debutants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209045607/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/2017/12/07/copy-of-who-are-evertons-debutants |archive-date=9 December 2017 |access-date=8 December 2017 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> bayan an sake shi daga Kwalejin Liverpool. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brophy |first=Joe |date=22 April 2022 |title=Gordon was released by Liverpool and could end Reds' quadruple dream for Everton |url=https://talksport.com/football/1091864/everton-anthony-gordon-released-liverpool-quadruple-premier-league-relegation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422143945/https://talksport.com/football/1091864/everton-anthony-gordon-released-liverpool-quadruple-premier-league-relegation/ |archive-date=22 April 2022 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=TalkSport}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, an ambaci Gordon a cikin tawagar farko ta Everton don wasan Europa League da Apollon Limassol.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kirkbride |first=Phil |date=6 December 2017 |title=Everton squad for Apollon Limassol Europa League match includes eight possible debutants |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-squad-apollon-limassol-europa-14003917 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921072407/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-squad-apollon-limassol-europa-14003917 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |access-date=7 December 2017 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Kwana daya bayan haka, ya fara buga wasan farko a wasan, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 88 a cikin nasara 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=APOLLON VS. EVERTON 0–3 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/07/europe/uefa-cup/apollon-limassol/everton-football-club/2580366/?ICID=HP_MS_01_08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916213508/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/12/07/europe/uefa-cup/apollon-limassol/everton-football-club/2580366/?ICID=HP_MS_01_08 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=7 December 2017 |website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Begley |first=Emlyn |date=7 December 2017 |title=Apollon Limassol 0 Everton 3 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42253361 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109001148/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42253361 |archive-date=9 November 2022 |access-date=8 December 2017 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2020, Gordon ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] a matsayin mai maye gurbin Bernard a 1-1 draw tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni, ya fara gasar Firimiya ta farko a wasan 0-0 tare da [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Gordon ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da Everton. A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, Gordon ya shiga kungiyar Preston North End a kan aro don sauran kakar 2020-21. Kwanaki biyar bayan haka, ya fara bugawa Preston wasa, an haɗa shi a cikin sahun farawa don Rotherham United ta ci 2-1 a gida. A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, Gordon ya yi rajistar taimakonsa na farko ga Everton, yayin da [[Jarrad Branthwaite]] ya zira kwallaye daga kwallaye a 1-1 tare da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emons |first=Michael |date=16 December 2021 |title=Chelsea 1–1 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59589156 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816174724/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59589156 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2022, ya zira kwallaye na farko ga ''Toffees'' a cikin asarar 3-2 ga [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poole |first=Harry |date=2 January 2022 |title=Everton 2–3 Brighton & Hove Albion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59792556 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408074204/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/59792556 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], ya taimaka wa [[Michael Keane]] don burin na biyu na Everton, kafin ya zira kwallaye na uku a rabi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=12 February 2022 |title=Everton 3–0 Leeds United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60269090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815115359/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60269090 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, Gordon ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan a nasarar da ya samu a kan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |author-link=Phil McNulty |date=9 April 2022 |title=Everton 1–0 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60963791 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822013058/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/60963791 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayu, babban tawagar da magoya bayan kulob din sun ba shi suna Young Player of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2022 |title=Pickford And Gordon Scoop Everton Awards |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2634469/pickford-and-gordon-scoop-everton-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525153024/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2634469/pickford-and-gordon-scoop-everton-awards |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=16 August 2023 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref> A lokacin canjin bazara na shekara ta 2022, an haɗa shi da Chelsea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2022 |title=Anthony Gordon: Chelsea prepared to pay up to £60m for Everton forward |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115508/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=30 August 2022 |title=Everton: Anthony Gordon transfer deadline has passed, says Frank Lampard |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62732848 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173219/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62732848 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a wasannin baya-baya da [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] da Leeds United.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Brentford 1–0 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62614442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115932/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62614442 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=30 August 2022 |title=Leeds United 1–1 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62641732 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330220109/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/62641732 |archive-date=30 March 2025 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An dakatar da shi don wasan da ya yi da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], saboda tarin katin rawaya, kuma ya dawo a cikin nasara 1-0 ga [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Beesley |first=Chris |date=10 October 2022 |title=Everton suffer Anthony Gordon blow for Tottenham Hotspur trip |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-suffer-anthony-gordon-blow-25220612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115943/https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/everton-suffer-anthony-gordon-blow-25220612 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> Ya yi rikici da [[Kieran Trippier]], wanda ya haifar da rikici da Fabian Schär, wanda ya sa 'yan wasan biyu suka yi rajista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Magowan |first=Alistair |date=25 August 2022 |title=Newcastle 1–0 Everton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63224225 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115934/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63224225 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> (Yan wasan uku sun sake haduwa ba da daɗewa ba bayan canja wurinsa zuwa Newcastle, wanda aka lura da hulɗar Gordon da Schär. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davey |first=Lee |date=31 January 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon jokingly told he'll have to earn Fabian Schar's protection after first meeting with Newcastle teammate since on-pitch scuffle last October |url=https://talksport.com/football/1319111/anthony-gordon-joke-fabian-schar-newcastle-transfer-everton/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173217/https://talksport.com/football/1319111/anthony-gordon-joke-fabian-schar-newcastle-transfer-everton/ |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=TalkSport}}</ref> ) A wasan da ya biyo baya, ya zira kwallaye na biyu na Everton a nasarar 3-0 a kan Crystal Palace.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=22 October 2022 |title=Everton 3–0 Crystal Palace |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/63267159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120444/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63267159 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rashin lafiya ya hana shi wasanni uku, kuma a cikin abin da ya zama bayyanarsa ta ƙarshe ga ''Toffees'', ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 69 a kan Southampton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Gary |date=30 August 2022 |title=Everton 1–2 Southampton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64195234 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121185530/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64195234 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan wasan, shi da [[Yerry Mina]] sun fuskanci matsin lamba daga wani karamin bangare na magoya bayan Everton.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrews |first=Connor |date=15 January 2022 |title=Everton fans roadblock Anthony Gordon and shout 'get out of our club' while Yerry Mina gets out of car to confront supporters who demand 'passion' after Southampton defeat |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626115508/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12679631/anthony-gordon-chelsea-prepared-to-pay-up-to-60m-for-everton-forward |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=TalkSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title='We understand the passion' – Lampard on fans confronting players |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c1dzkm44nedo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120443/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c1dzkm44nedo |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin canjin watan Janairu, Sky Sports ta ruwaito cewa Gordon ya kasa nunawa ga horo don tilasta ƙaura daga kulob din zuwa ɗan'uwan Premier League Newcastle United.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon: Newcastle hold talks with Everton as winger fails to turn up to training for third consecutive day |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/12795973/anthony-gordon-newcastle-hold-talks-with-everton-as-winger-fails-to-turn-up-to-training-for-third-consecutive-day |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618175944/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12040/12795973/anthony-gordon-newcastle-hold-talks-with-everton-as-winger-fails-to-turn-up-to-training-for-third-consecutive-day |archive-date=18 June 2025 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Gordon daga baya ya bayyana cewa ya yi takaici da hanyar da Everton ta sanar da tafiyarsa, kuma ya bayyana cewa "ya kasance babban bangare wajen kiyaye kulob din" a kakar da ta gabata. === Newcastle United === [[File:Anthony_Elanga_and_Anthony_Gordon_24052026_(1).jpg|thumb|232x232px|Gordon (dama) yana warming for Newcastle United a cikin 2026]] A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2023, Gordon ya koma Newcastle United kan kwangila na dogon lokaci, bayan ya gabatar da buƙatar canja wurin zuwa kulob din Everton na baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=Gordon Leaves Everton |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2023/january/29/gordon-leaves-everton/ |access-date=29 January 2023 |publisher=Everton F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=Newcastle United sign Anthony Gordon |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/newcastle-united-sign-anthony-gordon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720024055/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/newcastle-united-sign-anthony-gordon |archive-date=20 July 2024 |access-date=29 January 2023 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> [[Transfer fee|Kudin canja wurin]] da BBC Sport ta ruwaito shine fam miliyan 40 na farko, wanda zai iya tashi zuwa fam miliyan 45 a cikin kari. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya fara bugawa a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 69 a 1-1 draw a gida ga West Ham United . A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, an ambaci Gordon a cikin sahun farawa a karo na farko a cikin asarar 2-0 ga Manchester City, amma an cire shi a minti na 62, kuma raunin idon sa zai gan shi ya rasa wasanni biyu masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bevan |first=Chris |date=4 March 2023 |title=Manchester City 2–0 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64768044 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173217/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64768044 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Waugh |first=Chris |date=12 March 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon set to miss Newcastle's next two matches with ankle injury |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4300265/2023/03/12/anthony-gordon-ankle-injury/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120446/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4300265/2023/03/12/anthony-gordon-ankle-injury/ |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Bayan ya dawo a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Manchester United, an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai maye gurbin. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, a kan Brentford, ya zo a rabin lokaci, amma yana da kunya na an cire shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drury |first=Sam |date=14 April 2023 |title=Brentford 1–2 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145674 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120045/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65145674 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya yi fushi da kocin [[Eddie Howe]], wanda daga baya ya bayyana cewa Gordon ya fito ne a matsayin kariya saboda raunin idonsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bevan |first=Chris |date=14 April 2023 |title=Anthony Gordon: Newcastle boss Eddie Howe has 'no issue' with winger's angry reaction to being substituted |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65275310 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816173223/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65275310 |archive-date=16 August 2023 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Da yake sa ran karɓar maraba a lokacin da ya dawo Goodison Park a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, gudummawarsa ta ƙare kaɗan, tare da wasan da aka riga aka ci yayin da Newcastle ta kasance 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=De Cosemo |first=Harry |date=26 April 2023 |title=Newcastle: Eddie Howe urges Anthony Gordon to shut out the noise on Everton return |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65398627 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120446/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65398627 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hafez |first=Shamoon |date=27 April 2023 |title=Everton 1–4 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65332145 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120448/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65332145 |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Mayu, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko ga kulob din a wasan 1-1 tare da Chelsea a ranar karshe ta kakar 2022-23.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De Cosemo |first=Harry |date=28 May 2023 |title=Chelsea 1–1 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65661808 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114111419/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65661808 |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2023, Gordon ya taimaka wa Sandro Tonali don burin budewa a nasarar 5-1 a kan [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] a wasan farko na Newcastle na kakar 2023-24. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bertram |first=Chris |date=12 August 2023 |title=Newcastle United 5–1 Aston Villa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66413644 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206074000/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66413644 |archive-date=6 December 2024 |access-date=16 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko a gida ga Newcastle a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2023 |title=Newcastle 1, Liverpool 2 – Match Recap: New Rules, Darwin To The Rescue |url=https://liverpooloffside.sbnation.com/2023/8/27/23847887/newcastle-united-1-liverpool-fc-2-epl-2023-result-recap-darwin-nunez-anthony-gordon-virgil-van-dijk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626120223/https://liverpooloffside.sbnation.com/2023/8/27/23847887/newcastle-united-1-liverpool-fc-2-epl-2023-result-recap-darwin-nunez-anthony-gordon-virgil-van-dijk |archive-date=26 June 2024 |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=www.liverpooloffside.sbnation.com}}</ref> Gordon ya ci gaba da kyakkyawan tsari a cikin kakar, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta Newcastle United ta Player of the Season.<ref name="POTS2324">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Anthony Gordon wins United's Player of the Year award for 2023/24 |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/news/latest-news/anthony-gordon-wins-uniteds-player-of-the-year-award-for-202324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510180925/https://www.newcastleunited.com/news/latest-news/anthony-gordon-wins-uniteds-player-of-the-year-award-for-202324/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Kodayake Gordon bai iya taka leda a wasan karshe ba saboda dakatarwar, ya zira kwallaye a duka kafafu biyu na nasarar cin kofin EFL na 2025 da [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], ya taimaka wa tawagar ta zama kungiyar Newcastle United ta farko da ta lashe babban kofin cikin gida a cikin shekaru 70. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool 1–2 Newcastle United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c62zl58dg8qt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429181644/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c62zl58dg8qt |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=20 March 2025 |website=BBC Football}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Agustan 2025, Gordon ya zama dan wasan Premier na biyu tun lokacin da aka kori Mason Holgate a kowane kakar wasa uku da ta gabata lokacin da ya yi wani abu mai haɗari a kan Virgil van Dijk bayan alƙalin Simon Hooper ya kalli mai saka idanu na VAR lokacin da aka soke shawarar katin rawaya. A lokacin da ba ya nan, Newcastle ya ci gaba da shan kashi 3-2 a Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle United 2–3 Liverpool |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c776m8l58j8t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826033416/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c776m8l58j8t |archive-date=26 August 2025 |access-date=26 August 2025 |website=BBC Football}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, ya zira kwallaye a wasan da Newcastle ta yi 3-0 a gida a kan Benfica a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]], ya zama dan wasan Newcastle na farko da ya zira kwalanci a wasanni uku a jere a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Ciaran |date=2025-10-21 |title=How Newcastle's other forwards stepped up in Champions League |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cjw92q97gllo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113233213/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cjw92q97gllo |archive-date=13 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, Gordon ya zira kwallaye hudu a nasarar da ya samu 6-1 a kan Qarabağ a wasannin gasar zakarun Turai na UEFA, inda ya fara buga kwallo kuma ya zama dan wasan Newcastle na uku da ya zira kwallan a gasar zakarur, tare da Faustino Asprilla da Alan Shearer . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2026 |title=Best reaction from Qarabağ FK win as Anthony Gordon and Newcastle United break records |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/best-reaction-from-qarabag-fk-win-as-anthony-gordon-and-newcastle-united |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260417055308/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/best-reaction-from-qarabag-fk-win-as-anthony-gordon-and-newcastle-united |archive-date=17 April 2026 |access-date=11 May 2026 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> Ya kuma zama dan wasan Newcastle na farko da ya zira kwallaye hudu a wasa daya a gasar Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qarabağ vs Newcastle United: Champions League play-off first leg |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cev7g8jwn9pt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218190251/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cev7g8jwn9pt |archive-date=18 February 2026 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bugu da kari, ya zama dan wasan Ingila na biyu da ya zira kwallaye 10 a cikin yakin neman zabe na UEFA Champions League, bayan Harry Kane, wanda ya samu nasarar a kakar 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2026 |title=GAME OF RECORDS |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/game-of-records-4940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260801011705/https://iffhs.com/en/news/game-of-records-4940 |archive-date=1 August 2026 |access-date=1 August 2026 |publisher=IFFHS}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 29 ga Mayu 2026, Gordon ya koma [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] La Liga ta [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] kan kwangilar shekaru biyar, wanda ya fara daga 1 ga Yuli 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2026 |title=Anthony Gordon becomes an FC Barcelona player |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4511134/anthony-gordon-becomes-an-fc-barcelona-player |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529211951/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4511134/anthony-gordon-becomes-an-fc-barcelona-player |archive-date=29 May 2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Gordon signs for Barcelona {{!}} NUFC |url=https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anthony-gordon-signs-for-barcelona |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260530010752/https://www.newcastleunited.com/en/news/anthony-gordon-signs-for-barcelona |archive-date=30 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-30 |publisher=Newcastle United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa yarjejeniyar ta kai € 80m.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ornstein |first=David |last2=Ballús |first2=Pol |date=29 May 2026 |title=Barcelona agree €80m deal with Newcastle for Anthony Gordon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6431483/2026/05/27/anthony-gordon-barcelona-newcastle-transfer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260528003612/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6431483/2026/05/27/anthony-gordon-barcelona-newcastle-transfer/ |archive-date=28 May 2026 |access-date=29 May 2026 |publisher=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta, ya fara bugawa a hukumance, ya ba da gudummawa biyu a cikin nasarar 5-0 a kan Elche.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajan |first=Adwaidh |date=23 August 2026 |title=Elche 0–5 Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c60ej013yengt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260823223528/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c60ej013yengt |archive-date=23 August 2026 |access-date=23 August 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 2026, a cikin nasara 3-0 a kan [[Getafe CF|Getafe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2026 |title=Barcelona 3–0 Getafe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm87zxxd55r3t |access-date=10 October 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ayyukan matasa === Bayan ya wakilci kasarsa a matakin U18 da U19, Gordon ya fara bugawa Ingila 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 a lokacin da ya ci Wales 2-0 a St George's Park a ranar 13 ga Oktoba 2020. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2021, Gordon ya karbi kiransa na farko ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21 kuma ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a karon farko, nasarar 3-1 a kan Jamhuriyar Czech a Turf Moor a 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship cancanta a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2021 . A ranar 14 ga Yuni 2023, an haɗa Gordon a cikin tawagar Ingila don gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 21 ta 2023 . Ya zira kwallaye a lokacin da ya ci Isra'ila a matakin rukuni kuma ya zira kwallayen da ya ci a wasan kusa da na karshe da Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Alex |date=25 June 2023 |title=England U21 2–0 Israel U21 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66013874 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711202503/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66013874 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Alex |date=2 July 2023 |title=England U21 1–0 Portugal U21 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66069220 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230711202505/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/66069220 |archive-date=11 July 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yulin 2023, Gordon ya fara a wasan ƙarshe yayin da Ingila ta doke Spain don ɗaga kofin. An kira Gordon dan wasa na gasar kuma an zaba shi a cikin tawagar gasar. === Babban aiki === [[File:Anthony_Gordon_England_v_Ghana_23_June_2026-124.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Gordon tare da Ingila a gasar cin [[2026 FIFA World Cup|Kofin Duniya na 2026]]]] Gordon ya karbi kiransa na farko ga manyan 'yan wasan Ingila a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024 don wasannin sada zumunci da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Brazil|Brazil]] da Belgium. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 23 ga watan Maris lokacin da ya fara cin nasarar Ingila 1-0 ga Brazil a [[Filin wasa na Wembley]] . An ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 na Ingila don UEFA Euro 2024 . A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2024, Gordon ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a cikin nasarar 5-0 na UEFA Nations League a kan Jamhuriyar Ireland. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=17 November 2024 |title=England 5–0 Republic of Ireland: Hosts score five in second half to earn Nations League promotion |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c98envjpj72t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528192952/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c98envjpj72t |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=17 November 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2026, an ambaci Gordon a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don wakiltar Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Veevers |first=Nicholas |date=May 22, 2026 |title=Three Lions Come Together for World Cup |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2026/May/22/england-mens-world-cup-2026-squad-named-by-thomas-tuchel-20262205 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522101615/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2026/May/22/england-mens-world-cup-2026-squad-named-by-thomas-tuchel-20262205 |archive-date=May 22, 2026 |access-date=May 22, 2026 |publisher=[[The Football Association]]}}</ref> Ya ba da gudummawa biyu ga burin da Harry Kane ya zira a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta DR Congo|DR Congo]] a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 32. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2026 |title=Anthony Gordon grabs two assists as England fight back to beat DR Congo at World Cup 2026 |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/anthony-gordon-grabs-two-assists-181002934.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260702080655/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/anthony-gordon-grabs-two-assists-181002934.html |archive-date=2 July 2026 |access-date=2 July 2026 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] a wasan kusa da na karshe amma daga karshe an kawar da Ingila a cikin asarar 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-15 |title=World Cup 2026: England 1-2 Argentina - Three Lions suffer semi-final loss after stunning late turnaround by holders |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/england-vs-argentina/report/549867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260716001351/https://www.skysports.com/football/england-vs-argentina/report/549867 |archive-date=16 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 22cwsnr3duo2r11yoda3auo0vpnx0ye 0 48191 965831 507975 2026-10-10T15:06:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Jordan Lake from Ebenezer Church shore.jpg|thumb|kogin Ebenezer Dam]] '''Ebenezer Dam,''' wani dam ne mai cike da ƙasa a kan kogin Groot Letaba, kusa da Tzaneen, Limpopo, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . [[Broederstroom (River)|Gidan Broederst]] shima yana kwarara cikin dam. An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1959 kuma ainihin manufarsa shine don amfanin birni da masana'antu. An sanya yuwuwar haɗarin dam ɗin ya zama babba. == Duba kuma == * Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040522023711/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu] daga Sashen Kula da Ruwa da Dazuka (Afrika ta Kudu) eiy3mmxilx5zg50ncbxnsa1yw57ppfh 0 48226 965910 524362 2026-10-10T19:05:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dam ɗin Erfenis,''' wani dam ne mai cike da ƙasa da ke lardin Free State na [[West Africa|Afirka ta Kudu]], a kan kogin Vet, kusa da Theunissen . An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 1960 kuma babban manufarsa shi ne amfanin ban ruwa. An sanya yuwuwar haɗarin dam ɗin a matsayi babba (3). == Duba kuma == * Jerin tafki da madatsun ruwa a Afirka ta Kudu * Jerin sunayen koguna na Afirka ta Kudu == Manazarta == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040522023711/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/gis_apps/dam/dams/index.htm Jerin Madatsun Ruwa na Afirka ta Kudu] daga Sashen Kula da Ruwa b1x06puz8b35z05ho8lmgy4wfk1ix7t 0 49082 965964 641520 2026-10-10T21:35:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Clean_Technology_is_the_Future.jpg|thumb| Mota mai cikakken wutar lantarki tana cajin baturin ta a tashar cajin jama'a.]] '''Fasaha mai tsafta''', a taƙaice '''tsaftatacciyar fasaha''', shi ne kowane tsari, samfur, ko sabis wanda ke rage mummunan tasirin muhalli ta hanyar ingantaccen ingantaccen makamashi, dorewar amfani da albarkatu, ko ayyukan kare muhalli. Fasaha mai tsafta ta ƙunshi fasahohi da yawa da suka danganci sake yin amfani da su, makamashi mai sabuntawa, fasahar bayanai, sufurin kore, injinan lantarki, sinadarai koren, haske, ruwan toka, da ƙari. Kuɗin mahalli hanya ce da sabbin ayyukan fasaha masu tsafta za su iya samun kuɗi ta hanyar samar da kuɗin carbon . Aikin da aka haɓaka tare da damuwa don [[Rage canjin yanayi|rage sauyin yanayi]] kuma ana kiransa da aikin carbon . Clean Edge, Kamfanin bincike na fasaha mai tsabta, ya bayyana fasaha mai tsabta "kayayyakin samfurori, ayyuka, da matakai daban-daban waɗanda ke yin amfani da kuma kayan da ake sabuntawa da makamashi, da rage yawan amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, da yanke ko kawar da hayaki da sharar gida." Clean Edge ya lura cewa, "Tsaftataccen fasahohin suna yin gasa tare da, idan ba su fi ta takwarorinsu na al'ada ba. Da yawa kuma suna ba da ƙarin fa'idodi masu mahimmanci, musamman ikonsu na inganta rayuwar waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. " [[File:Wind_turbines_on_the_drive_back_to_Madrid_from_Huesca.jpg|thumb| Motocin iska a cikin wani filin a Spain.]] Zuba jari a fasaha mai tsafta ya karu sosai tun lokacin da aka fara hasashe a kusa da shekarar 2000. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamfanonin iska, da hasken rana, da na biofuel sun sami rikodi na dala biliyan 148 a cikin sabbin kudade a cikin 2007 yayin da hauhawar farashin mai da manufofin sauyin yanayi suka karfafa saka hannun jari a makamashin da ake sabuntawa . Dala biliyan 50 na wannan tallafin ya tafi wutar lantarki . Gabaɗaya, saka hannun jari a masana'antun makamashi mai tsabta da ingantaccen makamashi ya karu da kashi 60 cikin ɗari daga 2006 zuwa 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=apeyv.EIQQv4&refer=australia |title=Archived copy |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=2017-03-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525071904/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081 |archive-date=2010-05-25 }}</ref> A cikin 2009, Clean Edge ya yi hasashen cewa manyan manyan fasahohin fasaha guda uku, hasken rana photovoltaics, wutar lantarki, da makamashin halittu, za su sami kudaden shiga na dala biliyan 325.1 ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/125281-solar-wind-and-bio-fuels-impressive-growth-surge-in-08|title=Solar, Wind and Biofuels' Impressive Growth Surge in '08|last=Addison|first=John|date=2009-03-11|work=Seeking Alpha|access-date=2018-01-03|language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar takardar Aiki Initiative Energy Initiative MIT da aka buga a watan Yuli 2016, kusan rabin sama da dala biliyan 25 kudade da aka bayar ta hannun jari don tsabtace fasaha daga 2006 zuwa 2011 ba a taɓa dawowa ba. Rahoton ya yi nuni da ɓoyayyiyar ɓoyayyiyar haɗari/dawowa na Cleantech da rashin iyawar kamfanoni masu haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki, sinadarai, ko matakai don cimma ma'aunin masana'anta a matsayin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga flop ɗin sa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://energy.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/MITEI-WP-2016-06.pdf|title=Venture Capital and Cleantech: The Wrong Model for Clean Energy Innovation|last1=Gaddy|first1=Benjamin|last2=Sivaram|first2=Varun|year=2016|publisher=MIT Energy Initiative|location=77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA|language=en|last3=O’Sullivan|first3=Dr. Francis|access-date=2023-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120003851/https://energy.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/MITEI-WP-2016-06.pdf|archive-date=2019-11-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fasaha mai tsafta kuma ta fito a matsayin muhimmin batu a tsakanin kasuwanci da kamfanoni. Zai iya rage gurɓataccen mai da ƙazantaccen man fetur ga kowane kamfani, ba tare da la'akari da irin masana'antar da suke ciki ba, kuma amfani da fasaha mai tsabta ya zama fa'ida mai fa'ida. Ta hanyar gina Manufofin Ayyukan Jama'a (CSR), suna shiga yin amfani da fasaha mai tsabta da sauran hanyoyi ta inganta Dorewa.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781498777117|title=Introduction to Sustainability Analytics|last=Ramanan|first=Ram|date=2018-07-04|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781315154909|edition=1|language=en|doi=10.1201/9781315154909|s2cid=135252457 }}</ref>Kamfanonin Fortune Global 500 suna kashe kusan dala biliyan 20 a shekara kan ayyukan CSR a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hbr.org/2018/01/stop-talking-about-how-csr-helps-your-bottom-line|title=Stop Talking About How CSR Helps Your Bottom Line|last1=Meier|first1=Stephan|date=2018-01-31|work=Harvard Business Review|last2=Cassar|first2=Lea|issn=0017-8012}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Kimiyyar muhalli * Fasahar muhalli * Green sunadarai * Greentech * Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa * Injiniya mai dorewa * Farashin WIPO GREEN == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-leckey-20110828,0,2237159.story Zuba Jari: Fasahar kore tana da babban yuwuwar girma], ''Los Angeles Times'', 2011 * [http://awsassets.panda.org/downloads/wwf_report___global_cleantech_innovation_index_2014__final_.pdf The Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2014], ta Cleantech Group da WWF 7es4zkq2wfedah5qm4ebakn6wgsgfgv 0 50243 966118 952475 2026-10-11T10:47:20Z Halima Waziri 29451 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1188075062|Pneumatosis]]" 966118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = | image = Bullous emphysema (4858473626).jpg | alt = | caption = Left lung completely affected by bullae shown in contrast to a normal lung on the right. | pronounce = | specialty = | symptoms = | onset = | duration = | causes = [[Tobacco smoking]], [[pollutant]]s | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} '''Ciwon huhu (pneumatosis)''' shine rashin daidaituwar kasancewar iska ko wasu iskar gas a cikin kyallen takarda . <ref name="MW2">{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of PNEUMATOSIS |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/pneumatosis |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin huhu, emphysema ya ƙunshi faɗaɗa sararin samaniya na nesa, kuma babban fasali ne na [[Cutar huhu na yau da kullun|cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun]] (COPD). Sauran cututtukan huhu da ke haifar da pneumatoses sune blebs na focal (na gida) da bullae, cysts na huhu da kuma ramuka . Pneumoperitoneum (ko peritoneal emphysema) iska ce ko iskar gas a cikin ramin ciki, kuma galibi ana haifar da ita ne ta hanyar toshewar hanji, wanda galibi sakamakon tiyata ne . Pneumarthrosis, kasancewar iska a cikin haɗin gwiwa, ba kasafai ake samun wata babbar alama ba.<templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />  == Kurajen huhu == [[File:CT_of_lymphocytic_interstitial_pneumonia.jpg|thumb| [[CT scan]] na ciwon huhu na lymphocytic interstitial tare da cysts na huhu.]] '''Ciwon huhu''', ko kuma '''ciwon huhu''', yana ɗauke da ƙaramin iska, kuma yana da kauri har zuwa 4 a bango.&nbsp;mm. <ref name="Radiopaedia">{{Cite web |last=Dr Daniel J Bell and Dr Yuranga Weerakkody |title=Pulmonary cyst |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-cyst |access-date=2019-05-01 |website=[[Radiopaedia]]}}</ref> Mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango na 1&nbsp;an ba da shawarar mm, <ref name="Radiopaedia" /> amma aljihunan sirara na iya kasancewa a cikin ma'anar. <ref name="ArakiNishino2015">{{Cite journal |last=Araki |first=Tetsuro |last2=Nishino |first2=Mizuki |last3=Gao |first3=Wei |last4=Dupuis |first4=Josée |last5=Putman |first5=Rachel K |last6=Washko |first6=George R |last7=Hunninghake |first7=Gary M |last8=O'Connor |first8=George T |last9=Hatabu |first9=Hiroto |year=2015 |title=Pulmonary cysts identified on chest CT: are they part of aging change or of clinical significance? |journal=Thorax |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=1156–1162 |doi=10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207653 |issn=0040-6376 |pmc=4848007 |pmid=26514407}}</ref> Kurajen huhu ba sa da alaƙa da shan taba ko kuma emphysema. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Araki |first=Tetsuo |title=Pulmonary cysts identified on chest CT:are they part of ageing change or of clinical significance |url=https://thorax.bmj.com/content/thoraxjnl/early/2015/10/29/thoraxjnl-2015-207653.full.pdf |access-date=19 January 2019}}</ref> Kogon huhu yana da kauri fiye da bango 4&nbsp;mm. <ref name="Radiopaedia" /> === Sauran ƙashi === * Pneumothorax, iska ko iskar gas a cikin sararin samaniyar pleural * Pneumomediastinum, iska ko iskar gas a cikin mediastinum ** Ana kuma kiransa da mediastinal emphysema ko pneumatosis/emphysema na mediastinum === Ciki === [[File:Pneumatosis_cystoides_intestinalis_-_low_mag.jpg|thumb| Ƙara girman micrograph na pneumatosis intestinalis a cikin bangon hanji.]] * Pneumoperitoneum (ko peritoneal emphysema), iska ko iskar gas a cikin ramin ciki . Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da hakan shine kumburin [[Gaɓa (jiki)|ciki]], wanda galibi yana kama da kumburin peptic ulcer, kodayake duk wani ɓangare na hanji na iya hudawa sakamakon gyambon ciki, ƙari ko rauni a ciki . * Ciwon huhu, iska ko iskar gas a cikin bangon hanji * Ciwon huhu na ciki (ko kuma emphysema na ciki) shine kumburin iska ko iskar gas a bangon ciki <ref name="GE">{{Cite web |title=Gastric emphysema {{!}} Radiology Reference Article {{!}} Radiopaedia.org |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/gastric-emphysema-1 |access-date=28 June 2019 |website=Radiopaedia}}</ref> === Haɗuwa === '''Pneumarthrosis''' shine kasancewar iska a cikin [[Gaɓoɓi|haɗin gwiwa]] . Gabatarwarsa a kan hoton rediyo wani yanki ne mai kama da na rediyo wanda galibi ake kira wani '''abu mai kama da na injin''', ko kuma '''alamar injin''' . <ref name="Datir">{{Cite web |last=Abhijit Datir |display-authors=etal |title=Vacuum phenomenon in shoulder |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/vacuum-phenomenon-in-shoulder |access-date=2018-01-03 |website=[[Radiopaedia]]}}</ref> Ciwon huhu yana da alaƙa da [[osteoarthritis]] da spondylosis . Ciwon huhu (pneumarthrosis) wani abu ne da aka saba gani a kafadu <ref name="Datir" /> da kuma a gidajen haɗin gwiwa na sternoclavicular . <ref name="RestrepoMartinez2009">{{Cite journal |last=Restrepo |first=Carlos S. |last2=Martinez |first2=Santiago |last3=Lemos |first3=Diego F. |last4=Washington |first4=Lacey |last5=McAdams |first5=H. Page |last6=Vargas |first6=Daniel |last7=Lemos |first7=Julio A. |last8=Carrillo |first8=Jorge A. |last9=Diethelm |first9=Lisa |year=2009 |title=Imaging Appearances of the Sternum and Sternoclavicular Joints |journal=RadioGraphics |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=839–859 |doi=10.1148/rg.293055136 |issn=0271-5333 |pmid=19448119 |doi-access=}}</ref> Ana kyautata zaton hakan ne ke haifar da sautin fashewar gaɓoɓi . <ref name="Griffiths" /> Haka kuma wani abu ne da aka saba gani bayan tiyata akalla bayan tiyatar kashin baya . <ref name="MallKaiser1987">{{Cite journal |last=Mall |first=J C |last2=Kaiser |first2=J A |year=1987 |title=The usual appearance of the postoperative lumbar spine. |journal=RadioGraphics |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=245–269 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.7.2.3448634 |issn=0271-5333 |pmid=3448634}}</ref> Ciwon huhu (pneumarthrosis) ba kasafai yake faruwa ba idan aka haɗa shi da ruwa ko ƙura a cikin haɗin gwiwa, kuma kasancewarsa a zahiri yana iya kawar da kamuwa da cuta. <gallery mode="packed" heights="160px"> File:X-ray_of_hip_prosthesis_with_pneumarthrosis.jpg|alt=X-ray of a hip with hip replacement and pneumarthrosis, in this case aseptic.| X-ray na kwatangwalo tare da maye gurbin kwatangwalo da pneumarthrosis, a wannan yanayin aseptic. File:X-ray_of_shoulder_with_vacuum_sign_-_annotated.jpg|alt=A vacuum sign, or vacuum phenomenon, is a normal finding on shoulder X-rays.| Alamar injin cire hayaki, ko kuma yanayin injin cire hayaki, abu ne da aka saba gani a kan hasken X-ray na kafada . </gallery> === Wani === [[File:Subcutaneous_emphysema_abdomen_arrows2.jpg|thumb|240x240px| [[CT scan]] na emphysema na subcutaneous .]] Ana samun cutar emphysema ta subcutaneous a cikin mafi zurfin Layer na fata. [[Cystitis mai cike da jini|Ciwon cystitis na Emphysematous]] wani yanayi ne na iskar gas a bangon mafitsara . A wasu lokutan wannan na iya haifar da ciwon emphysema na subcutaneous wanda ba shi da kyakkyawan hasashen cutar. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sadek AR, Blake H, Mehta A |date=June 2011 |title=Emphysematous cystitis with clinical subcutaneous emphysema |journal=International Journal of Emergency Medicine |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=26 |doi=10.1186/1865-1380-4-26 |pmc=3123544 |pmid=21668949 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ciwon huhu (pneumoparotitis) shine kasancewar iska a cikin glandar parotid wanda ke faruwa sakamakon ƙaruwar matsin lamba a baki sau da yawa sakamakon kunna kayan kida na iska . A wasu lokutan iska na iya fita daga glandar ta kuma haifar da emphysema na subcutaneous a fuska, wuya, ko mediastinum. <ref name="McCormickBawa2013">{{Cite journal |last=McCormick |first=Michael E. |last2=Bawa |first2=Gurneet |last3=Shah |first3=Rahul K. |year=2013 |title=Idiopathic recurrent pneumoparotitis |journal=American Journal of Otolaryngology |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=180–182 |doi=10.1016/j.amjoto.2012.11.005 |issn=0196-0709 |pmid=23318047}}</ref> {{Clear}} == Kalmomi == Kalmar ''pneumatosis'' tana da tushen kalmar ''[[wiktionary:pneumat-#Prefix|pneumat-]]'' + ''[[wiktionary:-osis#Suffix|-osis]]'', ma'ana "matsalar iska/rauni". == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Medical resources|DiseasesDB=|ICD10={{ICD10|J43}}, {{ICD10|P25.0}}|ICD9=|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|MeSH=|GeneReviewsNBK=|GeneReviewsName=}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n33o3546x6vbbr9yf0xb1crbf5p2g7n 0 51358 966117 267026 2026-10-11T10:41:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gretel Beer''', née ''Margaret Weidenfeld'' (b . Yuli a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da daya a [[Vienna]] ; † a sha daya ga watan Agusta [[2010|a shekara ta dubu biyu da goma]] a cikin Deal, Ingila) marubuciya Austrian-Turanci ce, Ta yi kuruciyarta a [[Austriya|Ostiriya]] kuma bayan ta yi ƙaura zuwa [[Ingila]], wanda gwamnatin Nazi ta tilastawa, ta zama sanannen marubucin littattafan dafa abinci da abubuwan balaguro. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ''Editan Shafin Mata'' na Jaridar ''Daily Telegraph'' ta London. <ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/7975941/Gretel-Beer.html Nachruf, ''The Telegraph'', 1. September 2010]</ref> == Rayuwar ta == === Yara da matasa a Austiriya === An haifi Beer a cikin dangin Viennese na Yahudawa Weidenfeld. Kawarta Olga Springer ce ta rene ta ( Bechin, Bohemia a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da tara–zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da biyuMaly Trostinez sansanin kashewa ). Matar wani likita wanda ya mutu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da bakwai a cikin tara gundumar Vienna, Porzellangasse arba'in da biyar <ref>[http://www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/periodical/pageview/6626 ''Lehmann's Allgemeiner Wohnungsanzeiger'', Wien 1937, Band 1, S. 1255 (= S. 1283), auf der Website der Wienbibliothek im Rathaus]</ref> ta shiga saboda mahaifiyar Gretel Regina ("Gina") Weidenfeld née. Pisk ya mutu a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da ashirin da bakwai a Gänserndorf, Lower Austria, lokacin da Margaret ta kasance kawai shekaru shida, kuma saboda mahaifinta, Dionys ("Duny") Weidenfeld, wanda kakanninsa suka fito daga Wiznitz, Bukovina ( Austriya har zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da sha takwas), ba su ci gaba da zama gida ba. (Har zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da Talatin da takwas, Eric Pleskow da Ari Rath sun ciyar da ƙuruciyarsu akan Porzellangasse, kamar yadda suka ruwaito a cikin shirin talabijin na ORF a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha daya /zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha biyu. ) Bayan ta halarci makarantar firamare a Marchegg, Lower Austria, a kan iyakar gabashin ƙasar, ta halarci Bundesrealschule Vereinsgasse, makarantar sakandare a cikin biyu nd. Gundumar Municipal na Vienna, inda Yahudawa Viennese da yawa suka zauna. A cikin bazara na shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas, ita da wasu ɗalibai arba'in da takwas sun bar makaranta saboda asalinsu Yahudawa kuma sun halarci ''ajin Yahudawa'' a wani wuri a Vienna. A kofar shiga dakin da ake kira Bundesrealgymnasium Vereinsgasse, wani plaque na tunawa da korar wadannan dalibai tun a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da tara. === Gudu da sabon farawa a Ingila === Mahaifin Gretel, wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Landan|London]], ya yi nasarar sa ta barin ''Reich ta Uku'' a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da tara a kan ''jigilar yara'' da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Birtaniya suka shirya . A cikin Maris shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da tara ta isa Harwich kuma da farko ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban. A shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da arba'in da uku ta auri lauyan Dr. Johann (Hans) Beer (an haife shi huɗu ga watan Mayu shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da bakwai a Vienna), wanda mahaifinsa Oskar Beer ya bude ofishinsa a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da bakwai a kan shida gundumar, Gumpendorfer Straße ta saba'in da bakwai kuma har zuwa shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da talatin da takwas tare da Hans a cikin sha ukuth. gundumar, Hietzinger Hauptstraße ta talatin da takwasc. <ref>[http://www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/periodical/pageview/5419 ''Lehmann's Allgemeiner Wohnungsanzeiger'', Wien 1937, Band 1, S. 60 (= S. 88), auf der Website der Wienbibliothek im Rathaus]</ref> Hans Beer ya sami damar yin karatu a Jami'ar Vienna har zuwa zango na takwas, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gedenkbuch.univie.ac.at/index.php?person_single_id=4098 |title=Gedenkbuch für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus an der Universität Wien |access-date=2023-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007145207/http://gedenkbuch.univie.ac.at/index.php?person_single_id=4098 |archive-date=2016-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ya kammala karatunsa a Landan kuma daga baya ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin lauya na Burtaniya; sai ma'auratan suka zauna a wani gida a Grey's Inn, hedkwatar Bar Ingilishi a London, da kuma a cikin gidan ƙasa a Deal (Kent) a gabar tekun Burtaniya. === Nasarar marubucir === Gertrul Beer ya yi aiki a talla da hulɗar jama'a. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu ta sami nasara tare da littattafan dafa abinci da kuma ta hanyar aikin jarida, musamman ga ''Daily Telegraph'' da Turanci edition na mujallar fashion ''Vogue'' . Yanzu tana tafiya zuwa Ostiriya aƙalla sau ɗaya a shekara kuma ta kiyaye Jamusanci na Viennese. <ref>Eigene Beobachtung bei Begegnungen mit Frau Beer in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren. Wolfgang J. Kraus</ref> === Iyalin ta === Hans Beer ya mutu a gidan kasa a cikin Deal a cikin shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da ɗaya a lokacin, yana zaune a kan keken guragu, ya kasa tserewa wata gobara da ta tashi. Dan uwan Gretel shine George Weidenfeld (a shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da goma sha tara zuwa-shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha shida), wanda shima ya girma a Vienna kuma ya sami daukaka a matsayin mai talla da wallafe-wallafe. [[Category:Mutanen Birtaniya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] au8wgi7ar1b5kvnhcm0yhbvwjrrqzpu 0 54124 965898 923460 2026-10-10T18:32:03Z Saudarh2 14842 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370863683|Eric Aghimien]]" 965898 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] nfvr320m5ezjtsuotbtdjbd5adzg1iz 965899 965898 2026-10-10T18:34:06Z Saudarh2 14842 965899 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] tc0fncy71hhrx8j37nn5j3a8wtl3ebs 965900 965899 2026-10-10T18:34:38Z Saudarh2 14842 965900 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 8p0eqcaofvbf2vsps18ln1iaiw3c4bh 965901 965900 2026-10-10T18:35:56Z Saudarh2 14842 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 965901 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma shine na huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 8pv3p9yxlfrlgdd3ijokcr7dsl6lp1g 965902 965901 2026-10-10T18:36:30Z Saudarh2 14842 /* Ayyuka */ 965902 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma shine na huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin shekara 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] eanxlmmyopvobmoy0x5edfsdrac9lfg 965903 965902 2026-10-10T18:37:01Z Saudarh2 14842 /* Ayyuka */ 965903 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma shine na huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin shekara 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na shekarar 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] gtut8t2ffw55wu2m0tkoh2z81mm9ofg 965904 965903 2026-10-10T18:38:10Z Saudarh2 14842 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 965904 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita ne. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma shine na huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin shekara 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na shekarar 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] a8et7gqa8vakmwqsbuh5ia8ip9xie6o 965911 965904 2026-10-10T19:06:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965911 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Eric Enomamien Aghimien''' darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita ne. Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka shekara ta 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, Jihar Edo kuma shine na huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.[1] Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya.[2] Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng.com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin shekara 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na shekarar 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021024949/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |archive-date=21 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer, Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] mv829jw03mzeas1jzmtjbj93hruiijo 0 54332 966077 964298 2026-10-11T07:19:37Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Personal life and education" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372652327|Tarila Thompson]]" 966077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tarila Emmanuel Thompson''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1968) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], darektan, mai shirya fina-finai, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. Thompson ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1992 kuma an yaba shi da rawar da ya taka wajen kirkirar masana'antar fina-finai ta Turanci a [[Najeriya]] da ake kira [[Nollywood]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarila Thomson as one of the pioneers of Nollywood in Nigeria |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20170225/282033326970800 |access-date=May 5, 2017}}</ref> An san Thompson da soyayya ba tare da Harshe ba (1993), ''Mutu Wata Rana'' (2004), Passion da Pain (2004) da Kasuwancin Ikilisiya (2006). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarila Thompson works |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2141940/bio |access-date=May 5, 2017 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Bayan ya dauki hutu daga yin fim, Thompson ya dawo a shekarar 2012 don harba fim dinsa na baya-bayan nan In the Creek, fim din da aka lakafta shi mafi tsada a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarila Thompson's break from filming |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/91-directors-producers-report/9243-bayelsa-new-haven-for-filmmakers-nollywood-director-tarila-thompson |access-date=May 5, 2017}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Fim din yana magana ne game da wahalar mutanen Nijar-Delta a Najeriya. A matsayinsa na mawaƙi, shi ne mai mallakar El-Montage Records, lakabin rikodin kiɗa. == Rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Thompson a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]] . Ya fito ne daga [[Bayelsa|Jihar Bayelsa]], wata jiha a yankin Nijar-Delta . Thompson ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha, Port-Harcourt . Ya auri Funto Diseye Thompson kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. == Ayyuka == Thompson ya fara aikinsa a 1993 a cikin Love without Language . Thompson ya ce game da fim din cewa a lokacin da mutane kawai suka yi fina-finai a cikin harshen asalin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarila Thompson works |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/91-directors-producers-report/9243-bayelsa-new-haven-for-filmmakers-nollywood-director-tarila-thompson |access-date=May 5, 2017}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har zuwa yau, Thompson yana da fina-finai da yawa, a cikin gida da na duniya, gami da * ''Rayuwa cikin Duhu'' (1999) * ''Ikon Ƙauna'' (2002) * ''Ƙaunar da ke cikin Bondage (2002) '' * Ƙaunar da Ciwo (2003) * Kasuwancin Ikilisiya (2003) * ''Mutu Wata Rana'' (2004) * ''Budurwa Dare (2004) '' * ''Aikin da ba a tsammani ba (2005) '' * ''Squad Ashirin da Uku (2005) '' * ''Sama da kambin'' (2006) * ''Abuja Top Ladies (2006) '' * ''Up Creek'' (ba da daɗewa ba za a sake shi). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarila films |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2141940/bio |access-date=May 5, 2017 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta ƙashin kai da ilimi == An haifi Thompson a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]]. Ya fito ne daga [[Bayelsa|jihar Bayelsa]], jiha a [[Neja Delta|yankin Niger-Delta]]. Thompson ya sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha, Port-Harcourt. Yana auren Funto Diseye Thompson kuma yana da 'ya'ya uku. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t1s2w99m6vrp8k8jgrc7k4lj3e3dbwv 0 57570 965894 829500 2026-10-10T18:08:21Z Smshika 14840 965894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Filin jirgin sama na Bajoga Northeast'''( filin jirgin sama ne mai hidimar [[Bajoga]] da Kamfanin [https://www.lafarge.com.ng/ashakacem Siminti na Ashaka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121021233/https://www.lafarge.com.ng/ashakacem |date=2022-01-21 }} a [[Najeriya]] . Yana da {{Convert|10|km|0}}arewa maso gabashin Bajoga,kuma an haɗa ta hanyar kai tsaye zuwa tashar siminti. Tsayin titin titin ba ya haɗa da {{Convert|300|m}}iyakar gudun hijira akan Titin Runway 23. == Duba kuma == * Sufuri a Najeriya * [[Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Nijeriya|Jerin filayen jiragen sama a Najeriya]] * </img> * </img> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://ourairports.com/airports/DN54/pilot-info.html#general Filin Jirgin Sama - Bajoga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009144410/http://ourairports.com/airports/DN54/pilot-info.html#general |date=2016-10-09 }} * [http://www.fallingrain.com/apts/4177.html FallingRain - Bajoga] * [https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=13/10.9190/11.5000 OpenStreetMap - Bajoga] {{Airports in Nigeria}} [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] mzdju7f1orhdhvosboew2wdbi2wuz6s 0 61187 965775 509711 2026-10-10T12:53:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dominic Ignatius Ekandem''' listen (1917 - 24 ga Nuwamba, 1995) wani Cardinal [[Katolika]] ne na [[Najeriya]] wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Archbishop na Abuja daga shekarun 1989 zuwa 1992. Shi ne bishop na Katolika na farko ɗan asalin [[Afirka ta Yamma]] a tarihi. Ya kuma kafa kungiyar Mishan ta Saint Paul of Nigeria (MSP). Ɗan asalin [[Akwa Ibom|jihar Akwa Ibom]], Ekandem ya halarci makarantun [[Cocin katolika|ɗarikar Katolika]] da dama kafin ya zama limamin coci. An naɗa shi a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba 1947, kuma ya zama firist na farko daga tsohuwar lardin [[Kalaba|Calabar]]. Aikinsa na farko a matsayin bishop shine mataimakin Calabar daga shekarun 1953 zuwa 1963. Ya kasance Bishop na Ikot Ekpene daga shekarun 1963 zuwa 1981; a lokacin, a cikin watan Afrilu 1976, an naɗa shi a matsayin Cardinal. Sannan ya zama Babban Malami na [[Abuja]], kuma lokacin da [[Abuja]] ta zama Archdiocese a shekarar 1989, ya zama Archbishop (Personal title).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Founder|url=https://www.catholic-church.org/~mspnigeria/public_html//founder.htm|access-date=2021-04-18|website=www.catholic-church.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516160100/https://www.catholic-church.org/~mspnigeria/public_html/founder.htm|archive-date=2025-05-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ekandem.jpg|thumb|Dominic Ekandem]] Ekandem ya rasu a shekarar 1995. == Manazarta == [[Category:Matattun 1995]] eoqv8bqi7jsbk2l3xmu97iduxevf1wk 0 61945 965962 462808 2026-10-10T21:31:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farzana Faruk Jhumu''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1998, [[Bangladesh]] ) 'yar gwagwarmaya ce ta yanayi daga Fridays for Future, Bangladesh. Ita matashiya ce a halin yanzu tana zaune a [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-28 |title=Farzana Faruk: We have the solutions, we can deal with the crisis [Climate Generation-24] - Yeşil Gazete |url=https://yesilgazete.org/farzana-faruk-we-have-the-solutions-we-can-deal-with-the-crisis-climate-generation-24/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |language=tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813121548/https://yesilgazete.org/farzana-faruk-we-have-the-solutions-we-can-deal-with-the-crisis-climate-generation-24/ |archive-date=2022-08-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Farzana Faruk Jhumu, l'activiste du Bangladesh qui déferle sur Glasgow |url=https://vert.eco/articles/farzana-faruk-jhumu-la-militante-du-bangladesh-qui-deferle-sur-glasgow |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=vert.eco |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Abnett |first=Kate |date=2021-09-25 |title=World's youth take to the streets again to battle climate change |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/worlds-youth-returns-streets-fight-climate-change-2021-09-24/ |access-date=2022-07-27}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Farzana ta rayu a shekarunta na farko a gundumar Lakshmipur. Ta kammala karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci. Aikin karatun nata na digiri na farko ya shafi mental health issue, suicidal ideation detection. Ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa ta [[Kaathpencil]], ƙungiyar dake koyar da yara marasa gata na yankinta. Suna aiki akan gudummawar jini, ilimin yara, da ilimin yanayi. A halin yanzu ''Poribesher Proti Projonmo'' (Mutane masu zuwa domin muhalli) wani kamfen ne mai gudana tare da kungiyoyi da yawa don ilmantar da yara da matasa game da sauyin yanayi da yadda za a ke yakar su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} Across Asia, People Displaced by Climate Disasters Continue to Be Vulnerable With Little Promise of Relief |url=https://www.commondreams.org/views/2021/05/06/across-asia-people-displaced-climate-disasters-continue-be-vulnerable-little |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Common Dreams |language=en}}</ref> Tafiyar Farzana na adawa da [[Matsalar Yanayi|matsalar yanayi]] ta fara ne a cikin shekarar 2017 tare da tsaftace filastik daga makwafta. Ta shiga Fridays for Future, Bangladesh, a cikin shekarar 2019. Da yake Bangladesh ƙasa ce da abin ya shafa kuma [[Dhaka]] na ɗaya daga cikin biranen [[Gurbatar yanayi|da ke da gurbatar]] yanayi, ta fara tsunduma cikin fafutukar yanayi. Tun farkon shekara ta 2020, ta kasance tana shiryawa, sarrafa kafofin watsa labarun, da sadarwa Fridays for Future a Bangladesh. A cikin shekarar 2021 kuma tana cikin ɓangaren Fridays for Future [[Mutane da Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa|MAPA]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buechner |first=Maryanne Murray |title=UNICEF USA BrandVoice: UNICEF Report Shows 1 Billion Children At 'Extremely High' Risk From Climate Change |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/unicefusa/2021/08/20/unicef-report-shows-1-billion-children-at-extremely-high-risk-from-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Ta shiga COP26 a matsayin mai sa ido. Ta kasance a kan jirgin ruwan ''Greenpeace'' mai suna "Rainbow Warrior" tare da wasu masu fafutuka daga MAPA. Har ila yau, tana aiki tare da ''yarjejeniyar hana yaɗuwar mai'' don ba da shawarar sauyi kawai daga burbushin mai. Tana aiki akan bukatar gyara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-25 |title=World's youth take to streets again to battle climate change |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/820815/worlds-youth-take-to-streets-again-to-battle-climate-change/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Daily Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * [[Greta Thunberg|Thunberg, Greta]]; Calderón, Adriana; Jhumu, Farzana Faruk; Njuguna, Eric (2021-08-19). "[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/opinion/climate-un-report-greta-thunberg.html Opinion | This is the world being Left to us by Adults]". The ''New York Times''. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-05-16. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] nk0vccrx7ldcnhxv3ed9hpzppdmiayb 0 62170 966079 879934 2026-10-11T07:25:56Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Filmography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369140313|Akhabue Ebalu Evans]]" 966079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akhabue Evans''' '''Ebalu''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Darakta En'man''', furodusa ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]], mai daukar hoto kuma daraktan fina-finai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Vanguard |first1=Nwafor |title=Meet Lawyer Ebalu who finds love in video directing |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/12/meet-lawyer-ebalu-who-finds-love-in-video-directing-2/ |accessdate=30 December 2019 |ref=1 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Yana aiki kuma yana ba da umarni ga Kamfanin Carel Films, inda kuma shi ne Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Kamfanin. Ya jagoranci bidiyon kiɗa na [[Nathaniel Bassey]], Dunsin Oyekan, [[Sinach]], [[Ada Ehi]], [[Rozey]], [[Eben (singer)|Eben]], [[Jahdiel]], Shaida Jaga, [[Samsong]], [[Victoria Orenze]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}, [[Sunmisola Agbebi]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}} da kuma marigayi ministan bishara na Liberia Moses Swarey. <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Akhabue Evans''' '''Ebalu''', also known as '''Director En'man''', is a [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Nigerian]] producer, cinematographer and film director.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Vanguard |first1=Nwafor |title=Meet Lawyer Ebalu who finds love in video directing |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/12/meet-lawyer-ebalu-who-finds-love-in-video-directing-2/ |accessdate=30 December 2019 |ref=1 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> He works and directs for Carel Films, where he is also the Chief Executive Officer of the company. He has directed music videos of Nathaniel Bassey, Dunsin Oyekan, [[Sinach]], [[Ada Ehi]], Rozey, Eben, [[Jahdiel]], Testimony Jaga, Samsong, [[Victoria Orenze]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}, [[Sunmisola Agbebi]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}} and the late Liberian gospel minister Moses Swarey. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Ya fara buga kayan kida yana da shekaru biyar kuma ya zama furodusa a kiɗa yana da shekaru goma sha biyu, ya fara da yin fim mai cike da kaset kafin ya fara yin fim yana da shekaru 20. === Sana'a === Evans lauya ne ta hanyar sana'a kuma an kira shi zuwa lauyan Najeriya yana da shekaru 21. Ya kafa kamfanoni biyu; BTSGram (Behind The Scene Gram) da Music Video Market Place. BTS-Gram <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Esohe |first=Grace |title=EVANS AKHABUE: WHY AFRICANS HAVE GREAT PROSPECTS |url=https://www.newsnowafrica.com/2019/12/30/evans-akhabue-why-africans-have-great-prospects/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127220416/http://www.newsnowafrica.com/2019/12/30/evans-akhabue-why-africans-have-great-prospects/ |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=News Now Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> wani shafin yanar gizo ne na yin fina-finai wanda ya yi aiki tare da kamfanoni kamar; Feiyiu tech FY, Hollyland Technology, 3d lut creator, <ref name=":2" /> Teffest na [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde|Omotola Jalande-Ekeinde]], Gvm LED, Insta360, Gudsenmoza, Zhiyun_tech, Filmcrux. <ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na 2022, ya jagoranci shirin Tim Godfrey mai suna "FEARLESS CONCERT" wanda aka gudanar a Eko Convention Center, Lagos Nigeria. Yana da alhakin manyan shirye-shiryen Yamaha a Afirka. == Kyautittika == ** SSMA (Kyautar Kafafen Yada Labarai ta Kudu-Kudu) 2014, Daraktan Bidiyo na Shekara (En'man – Kilq (Ileke) (An zaɓe shi kuma ya lashe shi) ** Kyautar Loveworld- An zaɓe shi a matsayin Editan Bidiyo na shekara a 2016 da 2017 ** LMAM (Kyaututtukan Ma'aikatar Kiɗa da Fasaha ta Loveworld) Nau'i- Darakta, Gyara & Zane-zanen Motsi (2016-2019) <ref name=":0" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane] ==Manazarta == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Artist !Song !Directed |- |2014 |Rozey |Kinging |Yes |- |2015 |[[Sinach]] |I know who I am |Yes |- |2016 |[[Ada Ehi]] |I Testify |Yes |- |2016 |[[Ada Ehi]] |Only You |Yes |- |2016 |Eben |Victory |Yes |- |2016 |[[Jahdiel]] |This My Hands |Yes |- |2017 |[[Jahdiel]] |Like You |Yes |- |2017 |Testimony |Igara |Yes |- |2019 |Samsong |E Dey Work |Yes |- |2019 |[[Sinach]] |Omemma (Sinach live in concert 2019) |Yes |- |2020 |[[Sinach]] |All Things are Ready |Yes |- |2020 |Eben feat. Nathaniel Bassey |No one like you |Yes |- |2020 |Moses Bliss |Too Faithful |Yes |- |2025 |Luwi |Armament |Yes |- |2025 |Nathaniel Bassey |O Dara |Yes |- |2025 |Mercy Chinwo |From The Rising (LIVE) |Yes |- |2025 |Sunmisola Agbebi |Tomorrow |Yes |- |2025 |Nathaniel Bassey |Hallelujah Festival |Yes |- |2025 |Judikay |Not Done |Yes |- |2025 |Sunmisola Agbebi |Hallelujah |Yes |- |2025 |Rotimikeys x Gaisebaba |Benefit |Yes |- |2025 |Grace Oluwaloju x Theophilus Sunday |Power Of God |Yes |- |2025 |[[Judith Kanayo|Judikay]] |Have You Seen |Yes |- |2025 |Mercy Chinwo feat. MOG Music |None Like You Lord |Yes |- |2025 |Grace Oluwaloju, Kaestrings |The Glory (Live) |Yes |- |2025 |Sunmisola Agbebi |WORSHIP MEDLEY Vol. 3 |Yes |- |2025 |Mercy Chinwo |Onyeoma |Yes |- |2025 |Moses Bliss |Ebenezer |Yes |- |2025 |Ebukasongs x Okopi Peterson |Whatever |Yes |- |2025 |Nathaniel Bassey |Dancing Around Medley |Yes |- |2025 |Moses Bliss |Thank You |Yes |- |2025 |Bidemi Olaoba |Many Many Things |Yes |- |2025 |Rotimikeys |Light |Yes |- |2025 |Anthony Kani, Minister GUC |Never Again (Live) |Yes |- |2026 |Dunsin Oyekan |Burn |Yes |- |2026 |Tim Godfrey |Inifinity |Yes |- |2026 |Aidee Ime feat. Dasola Akinbule |YHWH |Yes |- |2026 |Moses Bliss |Unending Joy |Yes |- |2026 |Tkeyz, Gaise Baba |Baba Modupe |Yes |- |2026 |Chinyere Udoma |IF E NOR BE GOD |Yes |- |2026 |Chinyere Udoma |Unbelievable Miracles |Yes |- |2026 |Testimony JOE |SUDDENLY SUDDENLY |Yes |- |2026 |Nathaniel Bassey |Jehovah |Yes |- |2026 |Dunsin Oyekan feat. Pastor E.A Adeboye |AMEN |Yes |- |2026 |Preye Odede feat. Prinx Emmanuel |Dey Pray |Yes |- |2026 |Judikay |Riwa Otito |Yes |- |2026 |Rhema Onuoha |I Love Your Name |Yes |- |2026 |Dunsin Oyekan |New Wine |Yes |- |2026 |Moses Bliss |The Mountain Experience |Yes |- |2026 |Joan Kaboleri |You Reign |Yes |- |2026 |ElSammy, Sinach |Mighty |Yes |- |2026 |Dr Ugonma, Nathaniel Bassey |What a God |Yes |- |2026 |Tim Godfrey, Fearless C., Nosa |We Raise A Sound |Yes |- |2026 |Victoria Orenze |Room |Yes |- |2026 |Mercy Chinwo |Okaka |Yes |} == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Ya fara buga kayan kida yana da shekaru biyar kuma ya zama furodusa a kiɗa yana da shekaru goma sha biyu, ya fara da yin fim mai cike da kaset kafin ya fara yin fim yana da shekaru 20. === Sana'a === Evans lauya ne a sana’a, kuma an karɓe shi a matsayin lauya a ƙungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya tun yana ɗan shekara 21. Ya kafa kamfanoni guda biyu: BTSGram (Behind The Scene Gram) da kuma Music Video Market Place. t77pekqg9653bkwpttslmqr0fomf5x0 0 63298 965867 676319 2026-10-10T15:51:17Z Nura Bello 24854 965867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad Ali Pate CON (an haife shi 6 Satumba Shekara ta 1968) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda shine Ministan Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Najeriya a yanzu tun a shekara ta 2023. Shi kuma farfesa ne na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Duniya na Lafiya, Abinci da Yawan Jama'a da kuma darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi ta Duniya don Mata, Yara da Matasa (GFF) a Rukunin Bankin Duniya. Pate kuma shine tsohon karamin ministan lafiya a Najeriya .  A ranar Talata, 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, an ba Pate, tare da [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], da [[Amina J. Mohammed]] lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya. An mika Pate da kwamandan oda na Niger (CON). [[Fayil:Dr Muhammad Ali Pate.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Tun da farko a cikin shekara ta 2019, an nada Pate Julio Frenk Farfesa na Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. Pate ya kasance tsohon ministan lafiya a Najeriya. Nadin nasa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011 ya biyo bayan matsayinsa na babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko a [[Abuja]]. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin karamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013 inda ya zama Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami’ar Duke da ke Amurka. Shi ne tsohon babban jami'in zartarwa na Big Win Philanthropy kuma babban farfesa na Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Duke . A ranar 1 ga Satumba shekara ta 2021, Pate ya koma Jami'ar Harvard a matsayin Julio Frenk Farfesa na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, an nada Muhammad Ali Pate babban jami'in gudanarwa na GAVI, Alliance Vaccine Alliance, wanda ke aiki don samar da alluran rigakafi a kasashe masu karamin karfi. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Prof Muhammad Ali Pate.2.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] An haifi Muhammad Ali Pate a ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1968 a karamar hukumar [[Misau]] dake [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] a Najeriya a yau, kuma ya taso ne a yankin arewacin kasar. <ref>Celia W. Dugger (April 12, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Dan wani [[Fulani Makiyaya|makiyayi ne fulani]] . Wanda ya fara karatun sakandire a cikin iyalinsa Pate ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya shiga makarantar likitanci ta [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) da ke jihar [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a ABU ya koma kasar Gambia inda ya yi aiki a asibitocin karkara na wasu shekaru. Daga nan sai ya zama abokin cutar da ke yaduwa a Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center da ke [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . He is an American Board-Certified MD a duka Ciki da Cututtuka, tare da MBA (Kiwon Lafiyar Sashin Mahimmanci) daga Jami'ar Duke, Amurka. Kafin wannan ya yi karatu a University College London . Hakanan yana da Masters a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya daga Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace &amp;amp; Magungunan Wuta na London, Burtaniya. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:EU2024BE 240320 European Union - African High - Level evenement on Health Egmont Palace - 62.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Kafin nada shi a NPHCDA a 2008, Pate ya yi aiki mai yawa wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a [[Bankin Duniya]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya rike manyan mukamai da suka hada da Babban Masanin Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Ci Gaban Bil Adama na Gabashin Asiya/Pacific yankin da Babban Jami'in. Kwararren Kiwon Lafiya na Yankin Afirka. Yayin da yake a bankin duniya, wani babban aiki da Pate ya jagoranta shi ne shirye-shiryen sake fasalin fannin kiwon lafiya mai nisa a Afirka, Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Bankin Duniya. Abin lura shine ƙaddamarwarsa na babban haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da masu zaman kansu don maye gurbin Asibitin Bayar da Kuɗi na ƙasa a Lesotho. == Sauran kwamitin, kwamitoci, da membobin kwamitoci == [[Fayil:MAP Photo.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] • Mataimakin shugaban kasa (tare da Margaret Kruk ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet akan Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya Mai Ingantacciyar Lafiya. An kaddamar da rahoton ne a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018 • Memba, Hukumar Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro -na ci gaba • Memba, Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa (rahoto 09/2017) • Member, Kwamitin Kulawa mai zaman kanta na Ƙaddamarwar kawar da cutar shan inna ta Duniya • Memban hukumar, Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Amirka, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Aceso Global, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Healthcare. Kwalejin Jagoranci • Memba, Kwamitin Zuba Jari, Babban Birnin Flint Atlantic • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa akan Ƙimar Cibiyar Nazarin Alurar riga kafi, Jami'ar Harvard • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Nazari akan Ƙididdigar Tasirin Cutar Polio Kawar da Rigakafi na yau da kullun da Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, 2011-2012 • Hukumar ba da shawara ta Edita, BMJ Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya • Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari, Cibiyar Kula da Kiwon Lafiya ta Farko ta Duniya ta Habasha • Babban Fellow of the Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Inducted a Jami'ar Yale, New Haven Connecticut, Afrilu 2015 • Co-chair, Private Sector Health Alliance of Nigeria == Ganewa == * 2012 - Jagoran Lafiya na Harvard, wanda Shirin Jagorancin Minista na Harvard ya ba shi == Rayuwa ta sirri == Pate tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza biyu. Yana zaune ne a arewacin Najeriya. Shi [[musulmi]] ne mai aikatawa . Pate yana riƙe da kwatankwacin lakabin jaki kamar "Chigarin Misau" daga ƙauyen da aka haife shi. == Bugawa na baya-bayan nan == * {{Cite journal|url-status=100930}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e000111}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2204–2221}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=408}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1155–1200}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e006066}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e004684}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1405–1406}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1196–e1252}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=92}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=847–852}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1001211}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=898–909}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2360–2369}} == Babi na littattafai da rahotannin fasaha == * Baris, E., Silverman, R., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Pate, M., Tafiya Magana: Sake tunanin Kiwon Lafiya na Farko a zamanin bayan COVID-19. Bankin Duniya ne ya buga, Afrilu 2022. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoton na 17th na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2021. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 16 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2019. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 15 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2018. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 14 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2017. * Emmanuel Jimenez da Muhammad Pate. Girbin Rarraba Alkaluman Jama'a a Babbar Ƙasar Afirka: Najeriya. A cikin: Hans Groth & John F. May, ed. "Yawancin Afirka: A Neman Rarraba Alkaluman Alkaluman", Dordrecht: Masu Bugawa na Springer, 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-319-46887-7 ). * Muhammad Pate. Mai ba da gudummawa ga "The Art and Science of Delivery": Muryar McKinsey akan Al'umma, An buga 2013 don girmama bikin cika shekaru 10 na dandalin Duniya na Skoll. * * * Pate MA, Beeharry G., Abramson W. Inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ga matalauta: Nazarin shari'ar Washington, DC gyare-gyaren kula da lafiyar jama'a. An gabatar da shi a taro na 4 na Turai da Amurka kan sauye-sauye a fannin kiwon lafiya, Fabrairu 2002, Malaga, Spain. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == Yanar Gizo na sirri: https://muhammadpate.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202050431/https://muhammadpate.com/ |date=2023-12-02 }} Bayanin martaba na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133532/https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ |date=2022-11-26 }} == Magana == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c0vuzsaxq81l8pg4i42foscrfxb3o0z 965868 965867 2026-10-10T15:52:11Z Nura Bello 24854 965868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad Ali Pate CON (an haife shi 6 Satumba Shekara ta 1968) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda shine Ministan Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Najeriya a yanzu tun a shekara ta 2023. Shi kuma farfesa ne na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Duniya na Lafiya, Abinci da Yawan Jama'a da kuma darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi ta Duniya don Mata, Yara da Matasa (GFF) a Rukunin Bankin Duniya. Pate kuma shine tsohon karamin ministan lafiya a Najeriya .  A ranar Talata, 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, an ba Pate, tare da [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], da [[Amina J. Mohammed]] lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya. An mika Pate da kwamandan oda na Niger (CON). [[Fayil:Dr Muhammad Ali Pate.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Tun da farko a cikin shekara ta 2019, an nada Pate Julio Frenk Farfesa na Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. Pate ya kasance tsohon ministan lafiya a Najeriya. Nadin nasa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011 ya biyo bayan matsayinsa na babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko a [[Abuja]]. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin karamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013 inda ya zama Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami’ar Duke da ke Amurka. Shi ne tsohon babban jami'in zartarwa na Big Win Philanthropy kuma babban farfesa na Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Duke . A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2021, Pate ya koma Jami'ar Harvard a matsayin Julio Frenk Farfesa na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, an nada Muhammad Ali Pate babban jami'in gudanarwa na GAVI, Alliance Vaccine Alliance, wanda ke aiki don samar da alluran rigakafi a kasashe masu karamin karfi. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Prof Muhammad Ali Pate.2.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] An haifi Muhammad Ali Pate a ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1968 a karamar hukumar [[Misau]] dake [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] a Najeriya a yau, kuma ya taso ne a yankin arewacin kasar. <ref>Celia W. Dugger (April 12, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Dan wani [[Fulani Makiyaya|makiyayi ne fulani]] . Wanda ya fara karatun sakandire a cikin iyalinsa Pate ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya shiga makarantar likitanci ta [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) da ke jihar [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a ABU ya koma kasar Gambia inda ya yi aiki a asibitocin karkara na wasu shekaru. Daga nan sai ya zama abokin cutar da ke yaduwa a Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center da ke [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . He is an American Board-Certified MD a duka Ciki da Cututtuka, tare da MBA (Kiwon Lafiyar Sashin Mahimmanci) daga Jami'ar Duke, Amurka. Kafin wannan ya yi karatu a University College London . Hakanan yana da Masters a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya daga Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace &amp;amp; Magungunan Wuta na London, Burtaniya. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:EU2024BE 240320 European Union - African High - Level evenement on Health Egmont Palace - 62.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Kafin nada shi a NPHCDA a 2008, Pate ya yi aiki mai yawa wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a [[Bankin Duniya]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya rike manyan mukamai da suka hada da Babban Masanin Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Ci Gaban Bil Adama na Gabashin Asiya/Pacific yankin da Babban Jami'in. Kwararren Kiwon Lafiya na Yankin Afirka. Yayin da yake a bankin duniya, wani babban aiki da Pate ya jagoranta shi ne shirye-shiryen sake fasalin fannin kiwon lafiya mai nisa a Afirka, Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Bankin Duniya. Abin lura shine ƙaddamarwarsa na babban haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da masu zaman kansu don maye gurbin Asibitin Bayar da Kuɗi na ƙasa a Lesotho. == Sauran kwamitin, kwamitoci, da membobin kwamitoci == [[Fayil:MAP Photo.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] • Mataimakin shugaban kasa (tare da Margaret Kruk ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet akan Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya Mai Ingantacciyar Lafiya. An kaddamar da rahoton ne a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018 • Memba, Hukumar Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro -na ci gaba • Memba, Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa (rahoto 09/2017) • Member, Kwamitin Kulawa mai zaman kanta na Ƙaddamarwar kawar da cutar shan inna ta Duniya • Memban hukumar, Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Amirka, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Aceso Global, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Healthcare. Kwalejin Jagoranci • Memba, Kwamitin Zuba Jari, Babban Birnin Flint Atlantic • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa akan Ƙimar Cibiyar Nazarin Alurar riga kafi, Jami'ar Harvard • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Nazari akan Ƙididdigar Tasirin Cutar Polio Kawar da Rigakafi na yau da kullun da Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, 2011-2012 • Hukumar ba da shawara ta Edita, BMJ Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya • Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari, Cibiyar Kula da Kiwon Lafiya ta Farko ta Duniya ta Habasha • Babban Fellow of the Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Inducted a Jami'ar Yale, New Haven Connecticut, Afrilu 2015 • Co-chair, Private Sector Health Alliance of Nigeria == Ganewa == * 2012 - Jagoran Lafiya na Harvard, wanda Shirin Jagorancin Minista na Harvard ya ba shi == Rayuwa ta sirri == Pate tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza biyu. Yana zaune ne a arewacin Najeriya. Shi [[musulmi]] ne mai aikatawa . Pate yana riƙe da kwatankwacin lakabin jaki kamar "Chigarin Misau" daga ƙauyen da aka haife shi. == Bugawa na baya-bayan nan == * {{Cite journal|url-status=100930}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e000111}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2204–2221}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=408}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1155–1200}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e006066}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e004684}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1405–1406}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1196–e1252}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=92}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=847–852}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1001211}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=898–909}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2360–2369}} == Babi na littattafai da rahotannin fasaha == * Baris, E., Silverman, R., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Pate, M., Tafiya Magana: Sake tunanin Kiwon Lafiya na Farko a zamanin bayan COVID-19. Bankin Duniya ne ya buga, Afrilu 2022. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoton na 17th na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2021. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 16 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2019. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 15 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2018. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 14 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2017. * Emmanuel Jimenez da Muhammad Pate. Girbin Rarraba Alkaluman Jama'a a Babbar Ƙasar Afirka: Najeriya. A cikin: Hans Groth & John F. May, ed. "Yawancin Afirka: A Neman Rarraba Alkaluman Alkaluman", Dordrecht: Masu Bugawa na Springer, 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-319-46887-7 ). * Muhammad Pate. Mai ba da gudummawa ga "The Art and Science of Delivery": Muryar McKinsey akan Al'umma, An buga 2013 don girmama bikin cika shekaru 10 na dandalin Duniya na Skoll. * * * Pate MA, Beeharry G., Abramson W. Inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ga matalauta: Nazarin shari'ar Washington, DC gyare-gyaren kula da lafiyar jama'a. An gabatar da shi a taro na 4 na Turai da Amurka kan sauye-sauye a fannin kiwon lafiya, Fabrairu 2002, Malaga, Spain. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == Yanar Gizo na sirri: https://muhammadpate.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202050431/https://muhammadpate.com/ |date=2023-12-02 }} Bayanin martaba na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133532/https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ |date=2022-11-26 }} == Magana == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dvrwpfcmjgfg3cat3v63ceew2wsabkj 965869 965868 2026-10-10T15:53:03Z Nura Bello 24854 965869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad Ali Pate CON (an haife shi 6 Satumba Shekara ta 1968) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda shine Ministan Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Najeriya a yanzu tun a shekara ta 2023. Shi kuma farfesa ne na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Duniya na Lafiya, Abinci da Yawan Jama'a da kuma darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi ta Duniya don Mata, Yara da Matasa (GFF) a Rukunin Bankin Duniya. Pate kuma shine tsohon karamin ministan lafiya a Najeriya .  A ranar Talata, 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, an ba Pate, tare da [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], da [[Amina J. Mohammed]] lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya. An mika Pate da kwamandan oda na Niger (CON). [[Fayil:Dr Muhammad Ali Pate.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Tun da farko a cikin shekara ta 2019, an nada Pate Julio Frenk Farfesa na Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. Pate ya kasance tsohon ministan lafiya a Najeriya. Nadin nasa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011 ya biyo bayan matsayinsa na babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko a [[Abuja]]. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin karamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013 inda ya zama Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami’ar Duke da ke Amurka. Shi ne tsohon babban jami'in zartarwa na Big Win Philanthropy kuma babban farfesa na Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Duke . A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2021, Pate ya koma Jami'ar Harvard a matsayin Julio Frenk Farfesa na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, an nada Muhammad Ali Pate babban jami'in gudanarwa na GAVI, Alliance Vaccine Alliance, wanda ke aiki don samar da alluran rigakafi a kasashe masu karamin karfi. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Prof Muhammad Ali Pate.2.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] An haifi Muhammad Ali Pate a ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1968 a karamar hukumar [[Misau]] dake [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] a Najeriya a yau, kuma ya taso ne a yankin arewacin kasar. <ref>Celia W. Dugger (April 12, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Dan wani [[Fulani Makiyaya|makiyayi ne fulani]] . Wanda ya fara karatun sakandire a cikin iyalinsa, Pate ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya shiga makarantar likitanci ta [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) da ke jihar [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a ABU ya koma kasar Gambia inda ya yi aiki a asibitocin karkara na wasu shekaru. Daga nan sai ya zama abokin cutar da ke yaduwa a Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center da ke [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . He is an American Board-Certified MD a duka Ciki da Cututtuka, tare da MBA (Kiwon Lafiyar Sashin Mahimmanci) daga Jami'ar Duke, Amurka. Kafin wannan ya yi karatu a University College London . Hakanan yana da Masters a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya daga Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace &amp;amp; Magungunan Wuta na London, Burtaniya. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:EU2024BE 240320 European Union - African High - Level evenement on Health Egmont Palace - 62.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Kafin nada shi a NPHCDA a 2008, Pate ya yi aiki mai yawa wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a [[Bankin Duniya]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya rike manyan mukamai da suka hada da Babban Masanin Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Ci Gaban Bil Adama na Gabashin Asiya/Pacific yankin da Babban Jami'in. Kwararren Kiwon Lafiya na Yankin Afirka. Yayin da yake a bankin duniya, wani babban aiki da Pate ya jagoranta shi ne shirye-shiryen sake fasalin fannin kiwon lafiya mai nisa a Afirka, Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Bankin Duniya. Abin lura shine ƙaddamarwarsa na babban haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da masu zaman kansu don maye gurbin Asibitin Bayar da Kuɗi na ƙasa a Lesotho. == Sauran kwamitin, kwamitoci, da membobin kwamitoci == [[Fayil:MAP Photo.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] • Mataimakin shugaban kasa (tare da Margaret Kruk ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet akan Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya Mai Ingantacciyar Lafiya. An kaddamar da rahoton ne a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018 • Memba, Hukumar Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro -na ci gaba • Memba, Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa (rahoto 09/2017) • Member, Kwamitin Kulawa mai zaman kanta na Ƙaddamarwar kawar da cutar shan inna ta Duniya • Memban hukumar, Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Amirka, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Aceso Global, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Healthcare. Kwalejin Jagoranci • Memba, Kwamitin Zuba Jari, Babban Birnin Flint Atlantic • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa akan Ƙimar Cibiyar Nazarin Alurar riga kafi, Jami'ar Harvard • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Nazari akan Ƙididdigar Tasirin Cutar Polio Kawar da Rigakafi na yau da kullun da Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, 2011-2012 • Hukumar ba da shawara ta Edita, BMJ Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya • Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari, Cibiyar Kula da Kiwon Lafiya ta Farko ta Duniya ta Habasha • Babban Fellow of the Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Inducted a Jami'ar Yale, New Haven Connecticut, Afrilu 2015 • Co-chair, Private Sector Health Alliance of Nigeria == Ganewa == * 2012 - Jagoran Lafiya na Harvard, wanda Shirin Jagorancin Minista na Harvard ya ba shi == Rayuwa ta sirri == Pate tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza biyu. Yana zaune ne a arewacin Najeriya. Shi [[musulmi]] ne mai aikatawa . Pate yana riƙe da kwatankwacin lakabin jaki kamar "Chigarin Misau" daga ƙauyen da aka haife shi. == Bugawa na baya-bayan nan == * {{Cite journal|url-status=100930}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e000111}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2204–2221}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=408}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1155–1200}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e006066}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e004684}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1405–1406}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1196–e1252}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=92}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=847–852}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1001211}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=898–909}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2360–2369}} == Babi na littattafai da rahotannin fasaha == * Baris, E., Silverman, R., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Pate, M., Tafiya Magana: Sake tunanin Kiwon Lafiya na Farko a zamanin bayan COVID-19. Bankin Duniya ne ya buga, Afrilu 2022. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoton na 17th na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2021. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 16 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2019. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 15 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2018. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 14 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2017. * Emmanuel Jimenez da Muhammad Pate. Girbin Rarraba Alkaluman Jama'a a Babbar Ƙasar Afirka: Najeriya. A cikin: Hans Groth & John F. May, ed. "Yawancin Afirka: A Neman Rarraba Alkaluman Alkaluman", Dordrecht: Masu Bugawa na Springer, 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-319-46887-7 ). * Muhammad Pate. Mai ba da gudummawa ga "The Art and Science of Delivery": Muryar McKinsey akan Al'umma, An buga 2013 don girmama bikin cika shekaru 10 na dandalin Duniya na Skoll. * * * Pate MA, Beeharry G., Abramson W. Inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ga matalauta: Nazarin shari'ar Washington, DC gyare-gyaren kula da lafiyar jama'a. An gabatar da shi a taro na 4 na Turai da Amurka kan sauye-sauye a fannin kiwon lafiya, Fabrairu 2002, Malaga, Spain. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == Yanar Gizo na sirri: https://muhammadpate.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202050431/https://muhammadpate.com/ |date=2023-12-02 }} Bayanin martaba na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133532/https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ |date=2022-11-26 }} == Magana == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ffjpc0pjkzchyqydo60tn291l1d3e40 965870 965869 2026-10-10T15:55:12Z Nura Bello 24854 965870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad Ali Pate CON (an haife shi 6 Satumba Shekara ta 1968) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda shine Ministan Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Najeriya a yanzu tun a shekara ta 2023. Shi kuma farfesa ne na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Duniya na Lafiya, Abinci da Yawan Jama'a da kuma darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi ta Duniya don Mata, Yara da Matasa (GFF) a Rukunin Bankin Duniya. Pate kuma shine tsohon karamin ministan lafiya a Najeriya .  A ranar Talata, 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, an ba Pate, tare da [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], da [[Amina J. Mohammed]] lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya. An mika Pate da kwamandan oda na Niger (CON). [[Fayil:Dr Muhammad Ali Pate.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Tun da farko a cikin shekara ta 2019, an nada Pate Julio Frenk Farfesa na Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. Pate ya kasance tsohon ministan lafiya a Najeriya. Nadin nasa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011 ya biyo bayan matsayinsa na babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko a [[Abuja]]. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin karamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013 inda ya zama Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami’ar Duke da ke Amurka. Shi ne tsohon babban jami'in zartarwa na Big Win Philanthropy kuma babban farfesa na Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Duke . A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2021, Pate ya koma Jami'ar Harvard a matsayin Julio Frenk Farfesa na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, an nada Muhammad Ali Pate babban jami'in gudanarwa na GAVI, Alliance Vaccine Alliance, wanda ke aiki don samar da alluran rigakafi a kasashe masu karamin karfi. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Prof Muhammad Ali Pate.2.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] An haifi Muhammad Ali Pate a ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1968 a karamar hukumar [[Misau]] dake [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] a Najeriya a yau, kuma ya taso ne a yankin arewacin kasar. <ref>Celia W. Dugger (April 12, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Dan wani [[Fulani Makiyaya|makiyayi ne fulani]] . Wanda ya fara karatun sakandire a cikin iyalinsa, Pate ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya shiga makarantar likitanci ta [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) da ke jihar [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a ABU ya koma kasar Gambia inda ya yi aiki a asibitocin karkara na wasu shekaru. Daga nan sai ya zama abokin cutar da ke yaduwa a Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center da ke [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . He is an American Board-Certified MD a duka Ciki da Cututtuka, tare da MBA (Kiwon Lafiyar Sashin Mahimmanci) daga Jami'ar Duke, Amurka. Kafin wannan ya yi karatu a University College London . Hakanan yana da Masters a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya daga Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace &amp;amp; Magungunan Wuta na London, Burtaniya. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:EU2024BE 240320 European Union - African High - Level evenement on Health Egmont Palace - 62.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Kafin nada shi a NPHCDA shekarar a 2008, Pate ya yi aiki mai yawa wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a [[Bankin Duniya]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya rike manyan mukamai da suka hada da Babban Masanin Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Ci Gaban Bil Adama na Gabashin Asiya/Pacific yankin da Babban Jami'in. Kwararren Kiwon Lafiya na Yankin Afirka. Yayin da yake a bankin duniya, wani babban aiki da Pate ya jagoranta shi ne shirye-shiryen sake fasalin fannin kiwon lafiya mai nisa a Afirka, Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Bankin Duniya. Abin lura shine ƙaddamarwarsa na babban haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da masu zaman kansu don maye gurbin Asibitin Bayar da Kuɗi na ƙasa a Lesotho. == Sauran kwamitin, kwamitoci, da membobin kwamitoci == [[Fayil:MAP Photo.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] • Mataimakin shugaban kasa (tare da Margaret Kruk ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet akan Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya Mai Ingantacciyar Lafiya. An kaddamar da rahoton ne a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018 • Memba, Hukumar Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro -na ci gaba • Memba, Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa (rahoto 09/2017) • Member, Kwamitin Kulawa mai zaman kanta na Ƙaddamarwar kawar da cutar shan inna ta Duniya • Memban hukumar, Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Amirka, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Aceso Global, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Healthcare. Kwalejin Jagoranci • Memba, Kwamitin Zuba Jari, Babban Birnin Flint Atlantic • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa akan Ƙimar Cibiyar Nazarin Alurar riga kafi, Jami'ar Harvard • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Nazari akan Ƙididdigar Tasirin Cutar Polio Kawar da Rigakafi na yau da kullun da Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, 2011-2012 • Hukumar ba da shawara ta Edita, BMJ Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya • Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari, Cibiyar Kula da Kiwon Lafiya ta Farko ta Duniya ta Habasha • Babban Fellow of the Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Inducted a Jami'ar Yale, New Haven Connecticut, Afrilu 2015 • Co-chair, Private Sector Health Alliance of Nigeria == Ganewa == * 2012 - Jagoran Lafiya na Harvard, wanda Shirin Jagorancin Minista na Harvard ya ba shi == Rayuwa ta sirri == Pate tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza biyu. Yana zaune ne a arewacin Najeriya. Shi [[musulmi]] ne mai aikatawa . Pate yana riƙe da kwatankwacin lakabin jaki kamar "Chigarin Misau" daga ƙauyen da aka haife shi. == Bugawa na baya-bayan nan == * {{Cite journal|url-status=100930}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e000111}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2204–2221}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=408}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1155–1200}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e006066}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e004684}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1405–1406}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1196–e1252}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=92}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=847–852}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1001211}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=898–909}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2360–2369}} == Babi na littattafai da rahotannin fasaha == * Baris, E., Silverman, R., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Pate, M., Tafiya Magana: Sake tunanin Kiwon Lafiya na Farko a zamanin bayan COVID-19. Bankin Duniya ne ya buga, Afrilu 2022. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoton na 17th na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2021. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 16 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2019. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 15 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2018. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 14 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2017. * Emmanuel Jimenez da Muhammad Pate. Girbin Rarraba Alkaluman Jama'a a Babbar Ƙasar Afirka: Najeriya. A cikin: Hans Groth & John F. May, ed. "Yawancin Afirka: A Neman Rarraba Alkaluman Alkaluman", Dordrecht: Masu Bugawa na Springer, 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-319-46887-7 ). * Muhammad Pate. Mai ba da gudummawa ga "The Art and Science of Delivery": Muryar McKinsey akan Al'umma, An buga 2013 don girmama bikin cika shekaru 10 na dandalin Duniya na Skoll. * * * Pate MA, Beeharry G., Abramson W. Inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ga matalauta: Nazarin shari'ar Washington, DC gyare-gyaren kula da lafiyar jama'a. An gabatar da shi a taro na 4 na Turai da Amurka kan sauye-sauye a fannin kiwon lafiya, Fabrairu 2002, Malaga, Spain. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == Yanar Gizo na sirri: https://muhammadpate.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202050431/https://muhammadpate.com/ |date=2023-12-02 }} Bayanin martaba na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133532/https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ |date=2022-11-26 }} == Magana == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9uhizanrh1ye8e063mc9q11b57jk8kv 965871 965870 2026-10-10T15:56:06Z Nura Bello 24854 965871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad Ali Pate CON (an haife shi 6 Satumba Shekara ta 1968) likita ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Najeriya wanda shine Ministan Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Najeriya a yanzu tun a shekara ta 2023. Shi kuma farfesa ne na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Sashen Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Yawan Jama'a a Jami'ar Harvard. Ya taba yin aiki a matsayin Daraktan Duniya na Lafiya, Abinci da Yawan Jama'a da kuma darektan Cibiyar Bayar da Tallafi ta Duniya don Mata, Yara da Matasa (GFF) a Rukunin Bankin Duniya. Pate kuma shine tsohon karamin ministan lafiya a Najeriya .  A ranar Talata, 11 ga watan Oktoba, 2022, an ba Pate, tare da [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], da [[Amina J. Mohammed]] lambar yabo ta kasa ta Najeriya. An mika Pate da kwamandan oda na Niger (CON). [[Fayil:Dr Muhammad Ali Pate.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Tun da farko a cikin shekara ta 2019, an nada Pate Julio Frenk Farfesa na Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. Pate ya kasance tsohon ministan lafiya a Najeriya. Nadin nasa a watan Yulin shekara ta 2011 ya biyo bayan matsayinsa na babban darakta na Hukumar Kula da Lafiya a matakin farko a [[Abuja]]. Ya yi murabus daga matsayin karamin ministan lafiya na Najeriya tun daga ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013 inda ya zama Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami’ar Duke da ke Amurka. Shi ne tsohon babban jami'in zartarwa na Big Win Philanthropy kuma babban farfesa na Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Duke . A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2021, Pate ya koma Jami'ar Harvard a matsayin Julio Frenk Farfesa na Kwarewar Jagorancin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard TH Chan. A cikin Fabrairun shekara ta 2023, an nada Muhammad Ali Pate babban jami'in gudanarwa na GAVI, Alliance Vaccine Alliance, wanda ke aiki don samar da alluran rigakafi a kasashe masu karamin karfi. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Prof Muhammad Ali Pate.2.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] An haifi Muhammad Ali Pate a ranar 6 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1968 a karamar hukumar [[Misau]] dake [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] a Najeriya a yau, kuma ya taso ne a yankin arewacin kasar. <ref>Celia W. Dugger (April 12, 2010), [https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Dan wani [[Fulani Makiyaya|makiyayi ne fulani]] . Wanda ya fara karatun sakandire a cikin iyalinsa, Pate ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare inda ya shiga makarantar likitanci ta [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]] (ABU) da ke jihar [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a Najeriya. Ya kammala karatunsa a ABU ya koma kasar Gambia inda ya yi aiki a asibitocin karkara na wasu shekaru. Daga nan sai ya zama abokin cutar da ke yaduwa a Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center da ke [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . He is an American Board-Certified MD a duka Ciki da Cututtuka, tare da MBA (Kiwon Lafiyar Sashin Mahimmanci) daga Jami'ar Duke, Amurka. Kafin wannan ya yi karatu a University College London . Hakanan yana da Masters a cikin Gudanar da Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya daga Makarantar Tsabtace Tsabtace &amp;amp; Magungunan Wuta na London, Burtaniya. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:EU2024BE 240320 European Union - African High - Level evenement on Health Egmont Palace - 62.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] Kafin nada shi a NPHCDA shekarar a 2008, Pate ya yi aiki mai yawa wanda ya shafe shekaru 10 a [[Bankin Duniya]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya rike manyan mukamai da suka hada da Babban Masanin Kiwon Lafiya da Babban Jami'in Harkokin Ci Gaban Bil Adama na Gabashin Asiya/Pacific yankin da Babban Jami'in. Kwararren Kiwon Lafiya na Yankin Afirka. Yayin da yake a bankin duniya, wani babban aiki da Pate ya jagoranta shi ne shirye-shiryen sake fasalin fannin kiwon lafiya mai nisa a Afirka, Gabashin Asiya da sauran yankuna na Bankin Duniya. Abin lura shine ƙaddamarwarsa na babban haɗin gwiwar Jama'a da masu zaman kansu don maye gurbin Asibitin Bayar da Kuɗi na ƙasa a Lesotho. == Sauran kwamitin, kwamitoci, da membobin kwamitoci == [[Fayil:MAP Photo.jpg|thumb|Muhammad Ali Pate]] • Mataimakin shugaban kasa (tare da Margaret Kruk ), Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet akan Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya Mai Ingantacciyar Lafiya. An kaddamar da rahoton ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, 2018 • Memba, Hukumar Lancet kan kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro -na ci gaba • Memba, Lancet Commission on the Future of Health in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa (rahoto 09/2017) • Member, Kwamitin Kulawa mai zaman kanta na Ƙaddamarwar kawar da cutar shan inna ta Duniya • Memban hukumar, Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Amirka, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Aceso Global, Washington DC 2015-2022 • Member Board, Healthcare. Kwalejin Jagoranci • Memba, Kwamitin Zuba Jari, Babban Birnin Flint Atlantic • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa akan Ƙimar Cibiyar Nazarin Alurar riga kafi, Jami'ar Harvard • Memba, Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Nazari akan Ƙididdigar Tasirin Cutar Polio Kawar da Rigakafi na yau da kullun da Kula da Lafiya na Farko, Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates, 2011-2012 • Hukumar ba da shawara ta Edita, BMJ Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya • Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari, Cibiyar Kula da Kiwon Lafiya ta Farko ta Duniya ta Habasha • Babban Fellow of the Nigeria Leadership Initiative (NLI), Inducted a Jami'ar Yale, New Haven Connecticut, Afrilu 2015 • Co-chair, Private Sector Health Alliance of Nigeria == Ganewa == * 2012 - Jagoran Lafiya na Harvard, wanda Shirin Jagorancin Minista na Harvard ya ba shi == Rayuwa ta sirri == Pate tana da aure kuma tana da ‘ya’ya mata hudu da maza biyu. Yana zaune ne a arewacin Najeriya. Shi [[musulmi]] ne mai aikatawa . Pate yana riƙe da kwatankwacin lakabin jaki kamar "Chigarin Misau" daga ƙauyen da aka haife shi. == Bugawa na baya-bayan nan == * {{Cite journal|url-status=100930}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e000111}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2204–2221}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=408}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1155–1200}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e006066}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e004684}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=1405–1406}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1196–e1252}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=92}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=847–852}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=e1001211}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=16}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> *   * {{Cite journal|url-status=898–909}} * {{Cite journal|url-status=2360–2369}} == Babi na littattafai da rahotannin fasaha == * Baris, E., Silverman, R., Wang, H., Zhao, F., Pate, M., Tafiya Magana: Sake tunanin Kiwon Lafiya na Farko a zamanin bayan COVID-19. Bankin Duniya ne ya buga, Afrilu 2022. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoton na 17th na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2021. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 16 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2019. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 15 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2018. * Liam Donaldson, Thomas Frieden, Susan Goldstein, Muhammad Pate. Kowane kwayar cuta. Rahoto na 14 na Hukumar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Duniya (IMB) na shirin kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya (GPEI). Yuni 2017. * Emmanuel Jimenez da Muhammad Pate. Girbin Rarraba Alkaluman Jama'a a Babbar Ƙasar Afirka: Najeriya. A cikin: Hans Groth & John F. May, ed. "Yawancin Afirka: A Neman Rarraba Alkaluman Alkaluman", Dordrecht: Masu Bugawa na Springer, 2017 ( ISBN 978-3-319-46887-7 ). * Muhammad Pate. Mai ba da gudummawa ga "The Art and Science of Delivery": Muryar McKinsey akan Al'umma, An buga 2013 don girmama bikin cika shekaru 10 na dandalin Duniya na Skoll. * * * Pate MA, Beeharry G., Abramson W. Inganta samun damar kula da lafiya ga matalauta: Nazarin shari'ar Washington, DC gyare-gyaren kula da lafiyar jama'a. An gabatar da shi a taro na 4 na Turai da Amurka kan sauye-sauye a fannin kiwon lafiya, Fabrairu 2002, Malaga, Spain. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == Yanar Gizo na sirri: https://muhammadpate.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202050431/https://muhammadpate.com/ |date=2023-12-02 }} Bayanin martaba na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Lancet: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126133532/https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/ |date=2022-11-26 }} == Magana == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 87fpx1dd0mvtb4qv89jsxfnchpz8na2 0 68974 965886 376105 2026-10-10T16:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Elephant Path: Njaia Njoku''''' wani fim ne da aka shirya shi a shekarar 2018 [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|na Afirka ta Tsakiya]] wanda Todd McGrain ya ba da umarni kuma McGrain da Scott Anger suka shirya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elephant Path – Njaia Njoku |url=https://www.elephantpathfilm.org/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007232412/https://www.elephantpathfilm.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elephant Path: LOST BIRD |url=https://www.lostbird.org/project/elephant-path/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006194015/https://www.lostbird.org/project/elephant-path/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim ɗin ya ta'allaka ne da wani kawancen da ba zai yiwu ba daga wani masanin ilmin halitta Ba'amurke, da Bayaka tracker, Bantu eco-guard, da kuma wani ɗan kwangilar tsaron Isra'ila inda suka fara kare garken daji na karshe na giwayen daji na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrain |first=Todd |title=Elephant Path - Njaia Njoku |url=https://worldchannel.org/episode/dw-elephant-path/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=WORLD Channel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Elephant Path / Njaia Njoku |url=https://www.newday.com/film/elephant-path-njaia-njoku |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=New Day Films |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An fara fim ɗin a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni 2018 a DOC NYC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ELEPHANT PATH/NJAIA NJOKU |url=https://www.docnyc.net/film/elephant-path/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=DOC NYC |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elephant Path/Njaia Njoku |url=https://ffde.say-hello.works/en/film/elephant-path/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Films for the Earth |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Fim ɗin ya sami kyakkyawan sharhi daga masu suka kuma an nuna shi a cikin bukukuwan fina-finai da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Free screening, Q&A with director of 'Elephant Path' documentary on Sept. 25: Penn State University |url=https://news.psu.edu/story/586784/2019/09/06/campus-life/free-screening-qa-director-elephant-path-documentary-sept-25 |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=news.psu.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-23 |title=detail |url=https://www.greenscreen-festival.de/en/festival/films/d/show/elephant-path-njaia-njoku/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Green Screen Naturfilmfestival |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019 a Bikin Fim na ƙasa da ƙasa na Richmond, shirin ya sami kyautar (The Best of Festival Award for the Documentary Feature). Har ila yau, fim ɗin yana da nuni na musamman a duniya: Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Amirka a Washington, DC, Makarantar Shari'a ta NYU, Santa Cruz Film Festival, Nunin Al'umma a Jami'ar Jihar Penn, Green Screen International Wildlife Film Festival, LoKo Arts Festival, Princeton Bikin Fina-Finan Muhalli da dai sauransu A cikin shekarar 2019 a bikin Fim na Wisconsin, fim ɗin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Golden Badger sannan kuma ya ci kyautar Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin Fim a Portland EcoFilm Fest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Screenings – Past : Elephant Path – Njaia Njoku |url=https://www.elephantpathfilm.org/past-screenings/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006195519/https://www.elephantpathfilm.org/past-screenings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:fim]] q9pxj9mb4iimov9gy808pwt53ez9mqi 0 69267 965927 965738 2026-10-10T21:13:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Falling fim ne na Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na Najeriya na 2015 wanda [[Uduak Isong Oguamanam]] ya rubuta kuma ya samar, kuma [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] ya ba da umarni. Tauraruwar [[Desmond Elliot]], [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]], [[Adesua Etomi]], [[Kunle Remi]], [[Tamara Eteimo]], da [[Kofi Adjorl |last=Salihu, Ejura |date=30 June 2015 |title='Falling' Set for Release in September |url=http: Fim ɗin ya ba da labarin wasu matasan ma'aurata, Muna da Imoh, wadanda rayuwarsu ta lalace saboda mummunan hatsari wanda ya bar Imoh cikin mummunan rauni na watanni da yawa. == Makirci == Muna da Imoh matasa ne, ma'aurata masu farin ciki. Rayuwarsu ta canza sosai lokacin da Imoh ya shiga hatsarin mota a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa aiki, ya bar shi a cikin coma. Duk da gwagwarmayar kudi, Muna ta kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin imanin cewa Imoh za ta sake farfadowa. Lokacin da asibitin ya yanke shawarar sallamar Imoh saboda rashin iya biyan kuɗin kiwon lafiya, Muna ta juya ga mahaifinta, Mista Mba, wanda ke ba da wani ɓangare na kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata don ci gaba da Imoh a kan tallafin rayuwa na wata. 'Yar'uwar Muna, Tina, ta ƙara damuwa game da jin daɗin Muna da kuma yanayin Imoh da ke ɗaukar ta. Tina ta shawo kan Muna ta shiga tare da ita a wani taron, duk da rashin son Muna. A kulob din, Tina ta raba halin Muna tare da abokinta Yemi, wanda ke ƙoƙarin jawo Muna. Wannan ya fusata Muna, amma Tina ta bayyana cewa Yemi likita ce kuma tana iya taimakawa tare da yanayin Imoh, wanda ya zama dalilin da ya sa ta raba bayanan sirri. Kodayake Yemi ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi abota da Muna, da farko ta yi tsayayya da alherinsa. Bayan lokaci, duk da haka, sun kusanci, kuma Muna ta fara sake gina rayuwarta, har ma da sake tabbatar da aikinta na rubuce-rubuce duk da rashin goyon baya daga mai gabatarwa. Yayin da dangantakarsu ta zurfafa, Muna ta sami kanta a cikin wani lokaci mai rauni kuma tana da jima'i da Yemi, wanda ke haifar da ciki mara kyau. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan Muna ta gano cewa tana da ciki, Imoh ta hanyar mu'ujiza ta sake farkawa kuma an sallame ta daga asibiti, ta bar Muna ta yi fama da rikitarwa sakamakon ayyukanta. Imoh ya fara nuna halayyar ban mamaki, yana haifar da tuhuma a Yemi. Lokacin da Muna ta sanar da Imoh game da ciki, sai ya bukaci ta dakatar da shi, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da gwagwarmaya a cikin dangantakarsu. A halin yanzu, bayan ya koyi game da yaron, Yemi ya nace cewa Muna ta riƙe jaririn, ta yi imanin cewa alama ce ta cewa an ƙaddara su kasance tare. A wannan lokacin, an kwantar da Mista Mba a asibiti bayan tsoro na lafiya yayin da yake kusa da ƙaramar matarsa, Lota Chukwu. Yayinda yake murmurewa, yana da tattaunawa mai zurfi tare da Muna, Tina, da mahaifiyarsu game da kuskuren da ya tafka a baya. A cikin wannan rikici na motsin rai, Imoh ba zato ba tsammani ya shiga ya sulhunta da Muna. Tare, sun yanke shawarar riƙe jaririn, suna zaɓar fuskantar makomarsu a matsayin ma'aurata masu haɗin kai. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Adesua Etomi]] a matsayin Muna * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Imoh * [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] a matsayin Yemi * [[Tamara Eteimo]] a matsayin Tina * [[Desmond Elliot]] a matsayin kansa * [[Kofi Adjorlolo]] a matsayin Mista Mba * [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] a matsayin mai gabatarwa == Fitarwa da saki == An harbe Falling a wurin a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] na tsawon makonni biyu. Wannan fim din shine kokarin farko na [[Uduak Isong Oguamanam]] a matsayin mai shirya fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinsemoyin, Adeola |date=2 August 2015 |title=Uduak Isong Produces First Solo Movie, "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/uduak-isong-produces-first-solo-movie-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828221606/http://tns.ng/uduak-isong-produces-first-solo-movie-falling/ |archive-date=28 August 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An saki hotunan fim din a kan layi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=28 May 2015 |title=Check out 1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085022/http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-check-out-1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-movie-id3805181.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1st teaser posters for Uduak Isong's upcoming movie:Falling |url=http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605055157/http://www.makinmagazine.com/1st-teaser-posters-for-uduak-isongs-upcoming-moviefalling/ |archive-date=5 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Makin Magazine}}</ref> An saki trailer don fim din a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Falade, Yemi |date=16 May 2015 |title=Watch Adesua Etomi & Blossom Chukwujekwu In Uduak Isong's "Falling" |url=http://tns.ng/watch-adesua-etomi-blossom-chukwujekwu-in-uduak-isongs-falling/ |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=True Nollywood Stories (TNS) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828221607/http://tns.ng/watch-adesua-etomi-blossom-chukwujekwu-in-uduak-isongs-falling/ |archive-date=28 August 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An sake wani hoton a kan layi a watan Yulin 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu, Chidumga |date=13 July 2015 |title=New poster features Blossom Chukwujekwu, Kunle Rhemmy, Adesua Etomi |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620060002/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/falling-new-poster-features-blossom-chukwujekwu-kunle-rhemmy-adesua-etomi-id3966434.html |archive-date=20 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2015 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref> [[Uduak Isong Oguamanam|Uduak]] ya ba da sanarwar cewa fim din zai fara ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba 2015 kuma za a sake shi a wannan rana. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2016 | rowspan="2" |[[2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2016 Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Wasan kwaikwayo |Blossom Chukwujekwu|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kushaba |first=Kyle Duncan |date=8 March 2016 |title=Africa Magic Viewers’ Choice Awards 2016: The full winners’ list |- |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin wasan kwaikwayo |Adesua Etomi|{{Won}} |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dklwaxbs3j85gpjzf5kbyv2mgg4wfkq 0 76166 966053 487971 2026-10-11T04:49:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966053 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[File:2477970261_Gertrude_Mongella.jpg|thumb|Mongella tare da Malik Yakubu (r) ]] [[Fayil:Gertrude Mongella - 2003.jpg|thumb|Gertrude Mongella]] '''Gertrude Ibengwe Mongella''' (née '''Makanza'''; An haife ta 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar alif 1945) 'yar siyasar Tanzania ce wacce ta kasance shugabar majalisar dokokin Pan-Afirka ta farko kuma ta zamo jagorar Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka daga shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2008. == Rayuwa da aiki na farko == An haifi Mongella a shekara ta 1945 a Tsibirin Ukerewe a yankin Gundumar Ukerewe na yau na Yankin Mwanza . A shekara ta 1970, Shugaba Mongella ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Gabashin Afirka da ke Dar es Salaam . [[Fayil:First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton's Remarks to the Fourth Women's Conference in Beijing, China.webm|thumb|Gertrude Mongella a cikin taro]] Na tsawon shekaru hudu ta kasance mai koyarwa a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Dar es Salaam . A shekara ta 1974, ta zama mai haɓaka tsarin karatu na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Dar es Salaam, wanda ta yi har zuwa shekara ta 1978. Daga 1977-92, Shugaba Mongella ta kasance memba na kwamitin tsakiya da kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na jam'iyyar CCM. Daga 1975-82, ta kasance memba na Majalisar Jami'ar Dar es Salaam, Har ila yau a wannan lokacin tana cikin Kwamitin Daraktoci na Bankin Raya Karkara na Tanzania. == Ayyukan gwamnati == A tsakiyar shekarun 1970 Shugaba Mongella ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Gabashin Afirka. A cikin shekarun 1980s da kuma wani ɓangare na shekarun 1990s Mrs. Mongella ta kasance memba na Majalisar dokokin Tanzania. Daga 1982 har zuwa 1988 Mongella ta kasance Ministan Jiha a cikin ofishin [[Firai Minista|Firayim Minista]], daga can ta zama Ministan Lands, Yawon Bude Ido da albarkatun kasa mukamin da ta rike daga 1985 zuwa 1987. A ƙarshe, daga 1987 zuwa 1990 ta kasance Minista Ba tare da Fayil ba a cikin Ofishin Shugaban kasa. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A shekara ta 1985 Mongella ta zama Mataimakiyar Shugaban Taron Duniya don Bincike da Ayyana Ayyukan Shekaru goma na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ga Mata. A shekara ta 1989 Mongella ta kasance wakiliyar Tanzaniya a Hukumar Kula da Matsayin Mata . Daga 1990 zuwa 1993 ta kasance memba na Amintattun Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Horarwa don Ci gaban Mata (INSTRAW). Daga 1991 zuwa 1992 Shugaba Mongella ta kasance Babban Kwamishinan Tanzaniya a Indiya, a 1995 ta zamo Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da Sakatare janar, Taron Duniya na huɗu kan Mata a [[Beijing]], [[Sin|China]], daga 1996 zuwa 1997 Misis Mongella ta zama Mataimakiyar Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Dattijai kan Matsalar Mata da Ci Gaban. A shekara ta 1996 ta kasance memba na Kungiyar Ba da Shawara ga Darakta Janar [[UNESCO]] don bibiyar taron [[Beijing]] a Afirka, Kudancin [[Sahara]] . Har ila yau a cikin 1996 ta kasance memba na Kwamitin [https://web.archive.org/web/20240325165522/https://www.acordinternational.org/ Hukumar Kula da Ayyuka da Bincike a Ci Gaban] a [[Landan]]. A shekara ta 1996 ta zamo memba na duka kwamitin Ayyuka kan Yunwa a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], da Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a [[Tokyo]], Japan . Har ila yau a cikin 1996 ta kasance Shugabar Advocacy for Women in Africa . A shekara ta 1997 Mongella ya kasance Babban Mai ba da shawara ga Babban Sakataren [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka]] kan Batutuwan Jima'i. A shekara ta 1998 ta zamo memba na OAU da ke zaune a [[Women Committee for Peace and Development|Kwamitin Mata na Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaba]], A shekara ta 1999 ta zamo memba na "Majalisar Makomar", UNESCO, [[Faris|Paris]], [[Faransa]], a shekara ta 2000 ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dokokin Tanzaniya ta Ukerewe . A shekara ta 2002 ta kasance memba na Babban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na OAU na Manyan Mutane. A shekara ta 2002 Mongella ta zamo memba na Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yankin Yankin Aurka, ta kuma zamo shugaban OAU na Kungiyar Kula da Zabe ba Zaben Shugaban kasan Zimbabuwe. Ta rike matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta Yankin Afirka a shekara ta 2003. Ta zama memba kuma Shugabar Majalisar Dokokin Pan Afirka a shekara ta 2004. A shekara ta 2005 Jami'ar Georgia ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Delta don fahimtar duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gertrude Mongella - The Delta Prize for Global Understanding |url=http://uga.edu/news/deltaprize/recipients/gertrude_mongella/ |access-date=2017-11-21 |website=uga.edu |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta Shugabar Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Duniya na Kungiyar Labaran Afirka (APO) a watan Fabrairun 2008. Mongella memba ce ta [[Majalisar Nan Gaba Ta Duniya|Majalisar Duniya ta Makomar]] . == Kasancewar Kungiyar da ba ta Gwamnati ba == Shugaba Mongella memba ce ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu zuwa: * Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Afirka. (APO) * [[Tanzania Association of Women Leaders in Agriculture and Environment|Ƙungiyar Mata Shugabannin Tanzania a Aikin Gona da Muhalli]]. (Tashi) * [[Society for Women and Aids in Africa Tanzania Branch]]. (SWAAT) * [[Tanzania Dental Association|Ƙungiyar Likitocin Tanzania]]. (TDA) * [[Meaendeleo ya Wanawake Ukerewe]]. (MAWAU) * [[Majalisar Nan Gaba Ta Duniya|Majalisar Duniya ta Makomar]] == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == === Matsayi na girmamawa === * Jami'ar Ewha Womans, digiri na girmamawa, Yuni 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2005 |title=Ewha Hosts WW05, First for Asia |url=http://evoice.ewha.ac.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=708 |access-date=24 February 2013 |publisher=[[Ewha Womans University]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mongella, Gertrude}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qnd2sjf8ee84rwsju6ftln2w2jx2rh5 0 76565 965892 897236 2026-10-10T18:01:10Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:France-Paris-Crying-Lady.jpg|France-Paris-Crying-Lady.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Bedivere|Bedivere]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:France-Paris-Crying-Lady.jpg|]]. 965892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kuka''' shine zubar da hawaye (ko zubar da hawaye a cikin idanu) don amsa wani [[Emotion|yanayi]] ko zafi Ƙaunar da za ta iya haifarda kuka sun haɗa da baƙin ciki, fushi, jin daɗi, har ma da [[farin ciki]] . An bayyana aikin kuka a matsayin "wani abu mai rikitarwa mai rikitarwa wanda ke nuna zubar da hawaye daga na'urar lacrimal, ba tare da wani haushi na tsarin ido ba", maimakon haka, yana ba da taimako wanda ke kare kariya daga [[conjunctivitis]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Patel V |year=1993 |title=Crying behavior and psychiatric disorder in adults: a review |url=https://archive.org/details/comprehensive-psychiatry_may-june-1993_34_3/page/206 |journal=Comprehensive Psychiatry |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=206–11 |doi=10.1016/0010-440X(93)90049-A |pmid=8339540}} Quoted by Michelle C.P. Hendriks, A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets in ''Crying: is it beneficial for one's well-being?''</ref> Kuka iri-iri ana kiranta da ''kukan'', ''kuka'', ''kuka'', ''kururuwa'', ''bushasha'', da ''lumshe ido''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of 426 Sets of Synonyms and How they Differ in Meaning |url=http://www.paulnoll.com/Books/Synonyms/synonym-095.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229052722/http://www.paulnoll.com/Books/Synonyms/synonym-095.html |archive-date=2014-12-29 |access-date=2014-08-04 |publisher=Paulnoll.com}}</ref>. Don kukan da za a siffanta shi da kuka, yawanci dole ne a kasance tare da wasu nau'ikan alamun alamun, kamar su numfashi a hankali amma ba ta dace ba, lokuta na riƙe numfashi da rawar jiki. An kafa haɗin neuronal tsakanin glandar lacrimal da wuraren kwakwalwar ɗan adam da ke da alaƙa da motsin rai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dartt |first=Darlene A. |date=2009 |title=Neural regulation of lacrimal gland secretory processes: Relevance in dry eye diseases |journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=155–177 |doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.04.003 |pmc=3652637 |pmid=19376264}}</ref> Hawaye da ake samu a lokacin kukan motsin rai suna da sinadarai da suka bambanta da sauran nau'ikan hawaye Suna ƙunshe da yawa mafi girma na hormnes prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, da Leu-enkefalin, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Science of Tears |url=http://www.scienceiq.com/Facts/ScienceOfTears.cfm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114200611/http://www.scienceiq.com/Facts/ScienceOfTears.cfm |archive-date=14 November 2017 |access-date=25 May 2019 |website=ScienceIQ.com}}</ref> da abubuwan potassium da manganese. <ref name="Cry p44">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Walter C |date=December 2006 |title=Why do we cry? |url=https://archive.org/details/scientific-american-mind_december-2006-january-2007_17_6/page/44 |journal=Scientific American Mind |volume=17 |issue=6 |page=44 |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanmind1206-44}}</ref> crying is a emotion that understands 38nk1te4frdb6j136vjkl9iiefy5tku 0 79032 966054 731918 2026-10-11T04:53:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Young Coders from the Ghana Code Club at the Wikipedia workshop at the 2018 African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology.jpg|thumb|mata yan kungiyar '''The Ghana Code Club''' ]] [[Fayil:CEO of Ghana Code Club at the Wikipedia workshop at the 2018 African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology.jpg|thumb|CEO na '''Ghana Code Club''' a tsaye]] '''The Ghana Code Club''' wani shiri ne bayan makaranta a Ghana wanda ke koyar da yara ƙwarewar shirye-shiryen kwamfuta. Ernestina Edem Appiah ce ta kafa shirin, kuma an shirya shirin a makarantu daban-daban ta hanyar Healthy Career Initiative, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a Ghana. [[Appiah]] ne ya kafa Cibiyar Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya, a cikin 2007. Ghana Code Club kungiya ce ta nishaɗi ta dijital wacce ake shirya a makarantu a Ghana don yara tsakanin shekaru 8-17. Shirin ne na bayan makaranta.<ref name="Quashie 2015">{{cite web | last=Quashie | first=Sena | title=Meet: Ernestina Edem Appiah-The ICT Whisperer | website=Pulse | date=November 18, 2015 | url=http://pulse.com.gh/building/meet-ernestina-edem-appiah-the-ict-whisperer-id4372836.html | accessdate=January 14, 2016 | archive-date=December 25, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225181025/http://pulse.com.gh/building/meet-ernestina-edem-appiah-the-ict-whisperer-id4372836.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="GW-1">{{cite web | title=Meet the woman teaching Ghana's kids to code | website=Ghana Web | date=January 12, 2016 | url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/Meet-the-woman-teaching-Ghana-s-kids-to-code-406984 | accessdate=January 14, 2016}}</ref> <ref name="AfricaCodeWeek 2014">{{cite web | title=Ambassadors | website=AfricaCodeWeek | date=August 13, 2014 | url=http://www.africacodeweek.org/about/ambassadors?page=6 | accessdate=January 14, 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="Chatora 2016">{{cite web | last=Chatora | first=Arthur | title=Ghana Code Club offers coding lessons to kids | website=This Is Africa | date=January 12, 2016 | url=http://thisisafrica.me/15814-2/ | accessdate=January 14, 2016 | archive-date=January 13, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113202911/http://thisisafrica.me/15814-2/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="GHS-1">Angela, Hephzi (October 20, 2015). [http://ghscientific.com/black-history-month-day-20-the-ghana-code-club/ "Black History Month Day 20: The Ghana Code Club"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413010907/https://www.ghscientific.com/black-history-month-day-20-the-ghana-code-club/ |date=2021-04-13 }}. GH Scientific.</ref> Ya zuwa watan Janairun shekara ta 2016 a Ghana, tsarin fasahar sadarwa na yanzu a Ghana bai haɗa da ayyukan ilmantarwa don fasaha ba. Kungiyar tana ƙarfafa yara su sami ƙwarewar zamani a cikin fasahar kwamfuta don taimaka musu da ayyukan gaba.[1] Wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun haɗa da koyon yadda za a ƙirƙiri shafukan yanar gizo, raye-raye da wasannin bidiyo. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, shirin ya fara aiki a makarantu biyar, kuma kungiyar tana shirye don fadada zuwa mafi yawan makarantu a Ghana a cikin 2016, tare da burin ilimantar da akalla yara 20,000. [1] Kalubale da Ghana Code Club ke fuskanta sun haɗa da matsalolin haɗin intanet a Ghana, da kuma samun damar samun babban birnin da kayan aikin kwamfuta. A sakamakon haka, ana koyar da wani bangare mai mahimmanci na azuzuwan a kan takarda tare da bugawa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:CEO of Ghana Code Club at the Wikipedia workshop at the 2018 African Summit on Women and Girls in Technology.jpg|thumb|Ghana Code Club]] Wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Ghana Code Club shine Ernestina Edem Appiah, sha'awarta ta fara ne da wata kasida da ta karanta game da yara a Burtaniya koyon koyon koodu (shirye-shiryen kwamfuta). Appiah na ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 na BBC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pulse-ghana.stage.blick.frz.tfag.de/innovation/pulse-womens-month-meet-ernestina-edem-appiah-the-ict-whisperer-id4372836.html|title=Pulse Women's Month: Meet Ernestina Edem Appiah, the ICT whisperer - Innovation - Pulse|last=Quashie|first=Sena|access-date=2016-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029182919/http://pulse-ghana.stage.blick.frz.tfag.de/innovation/pulse-womens-month-meet-ernestina-edem-appiah-the-ict-whisperer-id4372836.html|archive-date=2023-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == cstp57idd24kibdqhu0qelddpy36dzq 0 81433 966017 932351 2026-10-10T23:33:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:RIC Terminal Building.jpg|thumb|Filin jirgin saman Richmond]] {{Infobox airport|name=Richmond International Airport|image=Richmond International Airport Logo.png|image2=RIC Terminal Building.jpg|image-width=250|image2-width=250|IATA=RIC|ICAO=KRIC|FAA=RIC|type=Public|owner-oper=Capital Region Airport Commission|city-served=[[Greater Richmond Region|Central Virginia]]|location=[[Sandston, Virginia]], U.S.|elevation-f=167|elevation-m=51|coordinates={{coord|37|30|18|N|077|19|10|W|type:airport_region:US}}|website=[http://www.flyrichmond.com/ www.flyrichmond.com]|image_map=Kric.png|image_mapsize=175|image_map_caption=FAA airport diagram (2009)|mapframe=yes|mapframe-zoom=10|mapframe-wikidata=yes|r1-number=16/34|r1-length-f=9,003|r1-length-m=2,744|r1-surface=[[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]]|stat1-header=Aircraft operations|stat1-data=104,952|stat-year=2023|r2-number=02/20|r2-length-f=6,607|r2-length-m=2,014|r2-surface=Asphalt|stat2-header=Based aircraft|stat2-data=72|stat3-header=Passengers|stat3-data=4,755,889|stat4-header=Total cargo (lbs.)|stat4-data=206,575,168|footnotes=Sources: [[Federal Aviation Administration]]<ref name= "FAA">{{FAA-airport|ID=RIC|use=PU|own=PU|website=27013.1*A}} effective August 2022</ref> and RIC Airport<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flyrichmond.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/RIC-DEC23-Activity-Report.pdf|title=RIC Airport Aviation Activity Data for 2023|website=flyrichmond.com|access-date=February 1, 2024}}</ref>}} [[Fayil:Richmond,_June_1984_(9458787701).jpg|thumb|Filin jirgin saman Richmond a shekarar 1984 lokacin da yake filin jirgin sama na huɗu mafi girma a Virginia]] '''Filin jirgin saman''' ( : , : RIC filin jirgin sama ne na hadin gwiwa a Sandston, Virginia, na Amurka, al'umma ce da ba a kafa ta ba (a cikin Henrico County). Filin jirgin saman yana da kimanin kilomita 7 (11 km) kudu maso gabashin garin Richmond, babban birnin [[Virginia|Commonwealth na Virginia]]. &nbsp;Filin jirgin saman Richmond shi ne filin jirgin sama mafi yawan jama'a a tsakiyar Virginia kuma na uku mafi yawan jamaʼa a jihar bayan Washington Reagan da Washington Dulles . <ref>[https://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?20=E&Nv42146=eVP&Nv42146_anzr=evpuz10q,%20iN:%20evpuz10q%20V06r40n6v10ny&pn44vr4=SNPgf BTS Transtats]</ref> RIC ta rufe kadada 2,500 (1,012 ha) na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RIC airport data at skyvector.com |url=https://skyvector.com/airport/RIC/Richmond-International-Airport |access-date=September 1, 2022 |website=skyvector.com}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Hukumar Filin jirgin saman Babban Birnin (CRAC) ta mallaki kuma tana aiki da Filin jirgin sama na Richmond. An kafa shi a cikin 1975 ta Babban Taron Virginia, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Capital Region Airport Commission - Richmond International Airport |url=http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/about-us/capital-region-airport-commission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623145503/http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/about-us/capital-region-airport-commission |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |access-date=June 21, 2017 |website=flyrichmond.com}}</ref> kwamishinan yana karkashin kulawar wakilan yankunan Chesterfield, Hanover, da Henrico, da Birnin Richmond. RIC tana aiki da Babban Yankin Richmond tare da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ba tare da tsayawa ba zuwa wurare 26, waɗanda masu jigilar jiragen sama bakwai ke aiki. Filin jirgin saman farar hula da soja na hadin gwiwa, RIC ya ƙunshi tsohon dukiyar tashar tsaron kasa ta filin jirgin sama ta Richmond, wanda aka sauya zuwa Ma'aikatar Sojoji don tallafawa Sojojin Amurka da Ayyukan Tsaro na Sojojin Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John Pike |title=Richmond International Airport / Byrd Field |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/richmond-iap.htm |access-date=November 15, 2013 |publisher=Globalsecurity.org}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 2000, Richmond ya ga wani lokaci na ci gaba mai yawa, kuma a cikin 2005 ya ba da sanarwar sake fasalin gaba ɗaya. RIC ya tafi daga tashar hawa ɗaya tare da ƙofofi 12 zuwa ƙofoci 22 (tare da ƙofofin gada masu yawa waɗanda ba na jet ba), ƙara wuraren ajiye motoci (zuwa 10,500), kuma ya kirkiro sabuwar hanyar tashar da hasumiyar kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Aikin yana da manyan gyare-gyare na ginin tashar, gami da tashi-mataki na sama da isowa-mataki, gina tashar kayan aiki ta tsakiya, da fadada wuraren tsaro. An kammala ginin a kan tashar matakai biyu a cikin bazara na 2007, kuma Gresham, Smith & Partners ne suka tsara shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Airport Design, Architecture and Interior Design – Gresham, Smith and Partners |url=http://showcase.gspnet.com/Showcase/Projects/Showcase-1/Richmond-International-Airport |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225420/http://showcase.gspnet.com/Showcase/Projects/Showcase-1/Richmond-International-Airport |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=November 15, 2013 |publisher=Showcase.gspnet.com}}</ref> Saboda ci gaban fasinjoji, Richmond ta sake buɗe ƙofar ta duniya (B15) don jiragen sama zuwa Cancun, Toronto da Punta Cana, dukansu sabis ne na yanayi. A cikin 2016, Richmond ta yi rikodin yawan fasinjoji na shekara-shekara na biyu, kuma filin jirgin sama yana da babban fadada da aka fara a ƙarshen 2018. Adadin ƙofofin ya karu daga 22 zuwa 28 ko 30 ta hanyar ƙara ƙofofi 6 ko 8 (net) zuwa Gidan A. Ginin ya fara ne a ƙarshen 2018 kuma ya ɗauki shekaru 3. An kammala fadada a cikin 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Richmond International Airport Concourse A Expansion &#124; Architect Magazine |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/richmond-international-airport-concourse-a-expansion |access-date=December 31, 2023}}</ref> Filin jirgin saman ya kuma fadada yankin dubawa a cikin Gidan B, daga hudu zuwa shida hanyoyin tantance TSA. An fara fadada hanyar TSA a cikin fall na 2018 kuma an kammala shi a watan Yunin 2019. Gidan A yana da hanyoyi uku na tantancewa a yankin sa, kodayake ana iya fadada hakan a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. Ƙarin gine-gine a filin jirgin sama yana zuwa - Hukumar Filin jirgin saman Babban Birnin tana kallon motsa masu ba da motar haya daga tsakiyar ɓangaren ƙananan matakin zuwa yankin da aka faɗaɗa na arewa. Filin jirgin saman kuma yana sa ran ƙara hanyar da aka rufe ta matakai biyu tsakanin tashar da garage na haya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CLINE |first=ALEXANDRA |date=June 16, 2018 |title=Expansion of Richmond International Airport's Concourse A should begin later this year |url=https://www.richmond.com/business/expansion-of-richmond-international-airport-s-concourse-a-should-begin/article_baeee94b-9daa-5318-936b-9ab97f630692.html |access-date=February 22, 2020 |website=Richmond Times-Dispatch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222190526/https://www.richmond.com/business/expansion-of-richmond-international-airport-s-concourse-a-should-begin/article_baeee94b-9daa-5318-936b-9ab97f630692.html |archive-date=February 22, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, an shirya garage na haya don fadada. A cikin 2016, Filin jirgin saman Richmond ya kula da fiye da tan 63,000 na kaya, babban lokaci. Ayyukan kaya sun haɗa da fiye da 100,000 square feet (10,000 " data-ve-ignore="true"> na ɗakin ajiya / ofis sarari da 1,000,000 square feet (100,000 m) na sarari. Filin jirgin saman an sanya shi Yankin Ciniki na Kasashen Waje. Saboda matsayinta a Gabashin Gabas, jigilar kaya ta hanyar RIC tana tasowa. Kayayyakin da aka fitar daga yankin Richmond na iya kaiwa kashi 72% na yawan jama'ar Amurka cikin awanni 24. A cikin 2016, RIC ta ba da rahoton watan 32 a jere na ci gaba, tare da kimanin matafiya 345,000 da aka ruwaito a watan Oktoba 2016. Kamfanonin jiragen sama da yawa da ke aiki da RIC sun amsa buƙatun da ke ƙaruwa tare da inganta hanyoyin da jirgin sama. Delta Air Lines, JetBlue Airways da Southwest Airlines sun kara ƙarin hanyoyi da manyan jiragen sama a cikin 2017. [[United Airlines|Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na United]] Airlines ya daidaita sabis na Denver zuwa babban jirgin sama, ya maye gurbin Embraer E-175 da aka yi amfani da shi tare da United Express. A cikin 2017, filin jirgin sama ya yi wa fasinjoji 3,657,479 hidima, rikodin filin jirgin sama a wannan lokacin, <ref>{{Cite web |title=News - Richmond International Airport |url=http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/news/article/ric-sets-annual-passenger-record |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190056/http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/news/article/ric-sets-annual-passenger-record |archive-date=2018-02-02 |website=flyrichmond.com}}</ref> ya karya rikodin da ya gabata na 3,634,544 a cikin 2007. A cikin 2023, RIC ta kafa rikodin fasinja na 4,755,889. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RIC Airport Sets All-Time Passenger Record In 2023 |url=https://flyrichmond.com/new-records-established-for-passenger-traffic-and-cargo-volume |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=flyrichmond.com}}</ref> Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna aiki da RIC da ke tashi da farko a cikin gida zuwa birane a Kudu, Arewa maso Gabas da Midwest, da kuma haɗa jiragen sama zuwa manyan cibiyoyin don wuraren duniya. == Tarihi == An keɓe filin jirgin sama a matsayin Richard Evelyn Byrd Flying Field a 1927 don girmama mai jirgin sama Richard E. Byrd, ɗan'uwan Gwamna. Harry F. Byrd na lokacin. Charles Lindbergh ya halarci bikin keɓewa. Kodayake wurin yana cikin Henrico County, Magajin garin Richmond John Fulmer Bright ya taimaka wajen kirkirar filin Byrd, wanda da farko mallakar Birnin Richmond ne. An sake masa suna '''Filin jirgin saman Richard E. Byrd''' a 1950, kuma ya zama Filin jirgin sama na Richmond a 1984. Manajan filin jirgin sama daga 1957 zuwa 1988 shine Anthony E. Dowd, Sr.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richmond Times-Dispatch |first=ELLEN ROBERTSON |date=July 23, 2015 |title=Anthony E. "Tony" Dowd, who helped put the "international" at Richmond's airport, dies at 90 |url=http://www.richmond.com/obituaries/featured/anthony-e-tony-dowd-who-helped-put-the-international-at/article_5d6caf42-c7e2-5f39-bd1d-641e82cd7acd.html |access-date=May 19, 2018}}</ref> An kammala ginin tashar da Marcellus Wright da Son suka tsara a shekarar 1950.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terminal Building, Richard E. Byrd Airport, Richmond, Virginia: Rarely Seen Richmond |url=http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/postcard/id/460 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309015003/http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/postcard/id/460 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |access-date=November 15, 2013 |publisher=Virginia Commonwealth University}}</ref> An faɗaɗa shi daga 1968 zuwa 1970, wanda ya haɗa da wasannin fasinja na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/about-us/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308222924/http://www.flyrichmond.com/index.php/about-us/history |archive-date=March 8, 2016 |access-date=January 22, 2015 |publisher=Capital Region Airport Commission}}</ref> Jagoran Jirgin Sama na Ofishin Afrilu 1957 ya lissafa tashi 43 na mako: 22 a kan Eastern Air Lines, goma a kan Piedmont Airlines, biyar a kan American Airlines, hudu a kan National Airlines da biyu a kan Capital Airlines. A tsakiyar shekarun 1970s United Airlines ta shirya tafiya ta yau da kullun tsakanin Richmond da Los Angeles (LAX) tare da Douglas DC-8-61 ta hanyar Washington-Dulles . <ref name="departedflights.com">http://www.departedflights.com, April 15, 1975 Official Airline Guide</ref><ref>http://www.departedflights.com, June 6, 1976 United Airlines timetable</ref> DC-8-61 mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman jirgin fasinja da aka tsara zuwa filin jirgin sama. United kuma tana tashi Boeing 727-200s da Boeing 737-200s zuwa filin jirgin sama, gami da jiragen sama marasa tsayawa zuwa Washington-National ban da Dulles.<ref name="departedflights.com" /> Sauran kamfanonin jiragen sama a Richmond a cikin 1975 sun haɗa da Eastern Air Lines da ke aiki da Boeing 727s da McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s tare da wadanda ba su tsaya daga [[Filin jirgin saman Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson|Atlanta]], New York-JFK, New York'LaGuardia da Raleigh / DurhamRaleigh / Durham Airlines da ke aiki na Boeing 737-200s da NAMC YS-11s ba tare da tsayawa ba daga Charleston (WV) , Chicago-O'Hare, Huntington, Lynchburg (VA) , Newport News, Norfolk, Mount Raleigh/Durham, Roanoke, Rocky / Wilson, da Washington-National.<ref name="departedflights.com" /> Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Altair, mai jigilar jiragen sama, yana aiki da Richmond tare da Beechcraft 99s ba tare da tsayawa ba daga Baltimore, Philadelphia da Wilmington, DE.<ref name="departedflights.com" /> A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1985 OAG ta lissafa kamfanonin jiragen sama guda biyar da ke aiki a Richmond tare da jirgin sama ciki har da Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines.<ref name="departedflights.com (ref 2)">http://www.departedflights.com, Feb. 15, 1985 Official Airline Guide</ref> Delta tana aiki da Boeing 737-200sBoeing 737-200s-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="288" href="./McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9-30" id="mwnQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30">McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30sMcDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]]_International_Airport" id="mwng" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport">Atlanta; Gabas tana aiki da Bell 727-100s, McDonnellDouglas DC-9-30 da McDonnel Douglas DC-9-50s ba tare tare da tsayawar ba daga Atlanta, [[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]] Douglas International Airport">Charlotte, Greensboro, New York-JFK da New York-LaGuardia; Piedmont tana aiki da kuma [[Boeing 727-200]]">Boeing 727-200s, Boeing Boeing Boeing Boeing-O'Hens da Philadelphia ba tare da katsewa ba, Chicago da tsayawa, da Amurka ba, da tsayawa da Amurka ba ne daga [[Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport|Baltimore]]/Washington_International_Thurgood_Marshall_Airport" id="mwqg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport">Baltimore, United, Boston Boston Boston Boston da Amurka 7Hare da Amurka 727 da Boston Boston Boston, United, United da Boston Boston da Boston Boston-Guensboro, United da North27 da Boston da Boston da North America. Kamfanonin jiragen sama guda huɗu da na yanki sun kasance a Richmond, gami da Air Virginia wanda ke aiki a tashar jirgin sama da ke tashi Swearingen Metroliners ba tare da tsayawa ba daga BaltimoreBaltimore="cx-link" data-linkid="322" href="./Charlottesville–Albemarle_Airport" id="mwvg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport">Charlottesville (VA) , Lynchburg (VA) , New Bern (NC), New York-LaGuardia, Newark, [[Norfolk International Airport|Norfolk]]_International_Airport" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Norfolk International Airport">Norfolk, Philadelphia, Raleigh / Durham, Roanoke, da Washington-National; Delta Regional Connection da ke aiki tare da sansstop ba tare da Sable 340 da Sable Boston Boston ba tare da sabis na raba lambar [[Roanoke–Blacksburg Regional Airport|Roanoke]]_Regional_Airport" id="mwzQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Roanoke–Blacksburg Regional Airport">Roanoke da Sable, New York City City City City da Sable / Sable, Sable, Redmont (D), Sable Boston Dighton; Sable) suna aiki don Sable, 39 da Sable; Sable, South York City City da Redbybybyby, New York<ref name="departedflights.com (ref 2)" /> A shekara ta 1986 Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Wheeler yana da karamin cibiya a filin jirgin sama kuma ya kara da jiragen sama ba tare da tsayawa ba daga Charleston (WV) da Parkersburg (WV) . <ref>http://www.departedflights.com, Feb. 15, 1986 Wheeler Airlines route map</ref> == Jiragen sama da wuraren da ake nufi == === Fasinjoji === {{Airport destination list|[[Allegiant Air]]|[[Nashville International Airport|Nashville]], [[Orlando Sanford International Airport|Orlando/Sanford]], [[St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport|St. Petersburg/Clearwater]]<br> '''Seasonal:''' [[Punta Gorda Airport (Florida)|Punta Gorda (FL)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbc-2.com/story/41306172/allegiant-announces-nonstop-flights-to-punta-gorda-starting-at-dollar65|title=Allegiant announces nonstop flights to Punta Gorda starting at $65|website=nbc-2.com|date=November 12, 2019|access-date=February 22, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113060655/https://www.nbc-2.com/story/41306172/allegiant-announces-nonstop-flights-to-punta-gorda-starting-at-dollar65|url-status=dead}}</ref>|<ref name="AllegiantRoutes">{{cite web|title=Allegiant Air|url=https://www.allegiantair.com|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> <!-- -->|[[American Airlines]]|[[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[Dallas Fort Worth International Airport|Dallas/Fort Worth]], [[Miami International Airport|Miami]]|<ref name="AmericanRoutes">{{cite web|title=Flight schedules and notifications|url=https://www.aa.com/travelInformation/flights/schedule|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> <!-- -->|[[American Eagle (airline brand)|American Eagle]]|[[Charlotte Douglas International Airport|Charlotte]], [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[LaGuardia Airport|New York–LaGuardia]], [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]]|<ref name="AmericanRoutes"/> <!-- -->|[[Breeze Airways]]|[[Charleston International Airport|Charleston (SC)]], [[Bradley International Airport|Hartford]], [[Harry Reid International Airport|Las Vegas]], [[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]], [[Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport|New Orleans]], [[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]], [[Tampa International Airport|Tampa]]<br>'''Seasonal:''' [[Southwest Florida International|Fort Myers]], [[Jacksonville International Airport|Jacksonville (FL)]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/breeze-flights-raleigh-durham-december-07-2022|title=Breeze Airways no longer adding flights from Richmond to Raleigh-Durham|website=WTVR|date=December 7, 2022|access-date=December 7, 2022}}</ref> [[Long Island MacArthur Airport|Long Island/Islip]], [[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport|Phoenix–Sky Harbor]]|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Destinations|url=https://www.flybreeze.com/destinations/Richmond|access-date=January 17, 2023|website=[[Breeze Airways]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fox4now.com/news/local-news/breeze-airways-adds-seasonal-and-new-routes-from-fort-myers|title=Breeze Airways adds seasonal and new routes from Fort Myers|website=FOX 4 Southwest Florida|date=18 July 2023|accessdate=18 July 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718121253/https://www.fox4now.com/news/local-news/breeze-airways-adds-seasonal-and-new-routes-from-fort-myers|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- -->|[[Delta Air Lines]]|[[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]]|{{nowrap|<ref name="DeltaRoutes">{{cite web|title=FLIGHT SCHEDULES|url=https://www.delta.com/flightinfo/viewFlightSchedulesSetup.action|access-date=8 June 2024}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2022}}}} <!-- -->|[[Delta Connection]]|[[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit]], [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]],<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=IshrionA |number=1604123120931160066 |title=NEW: Delta Air Lines retaliates against Sun Country with the addition of two routes}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|New York–JFK]], [[LaGuardia Airport|New York–LaGuardia]]|<ref name="DeltaRoutes"/> <!-- -->|[[JetBlue]]|[[Logan International Airport|Boston]], [[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Orlando International Airport|Orlando]]|<ref name="JetBlueRoutes">{{cite web|title=JetBlue Airlines Timetable|url=https://b6.innosked.com/(S(ke2am3wxgiegj0zs1pxotirq))/default.aspx|access-date=29 January 2017|archive-date=July 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713064749/http://b6.innosked.com/(S(52udsaj2thvywnmtihsndo55))/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- -->|{{nowrap|[[Southwest Airlines]]}}|[[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Atlanta]], [[Baltimore/Washington International Airport|Baltimore]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Southwest Airlines Will Add One of Its New Shortest Routes |url=https://ishrionaviation.com/news/southwest-airlines-baltimore-richmond |website=Ishrion Aviation |access-date=9 April 2024 |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409175518/https://ishrionaviation.com/news/southwest-airlines-baltimore-richmond |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Midway International Airport|Chicago–Midway]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]],<ref name="Southwest just announced 5 new and 24 returning routes this year as it bolsters its network— see the full list">{{cite web|title=Southwest just announced 5 new and 24 returning routes this year as it bolsters its network— see the full list|website=[[Business Insider]] |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/southwest-launching-5-new-24-returning-routes-2023-2|access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref> [[Nashville International Airport|Nashville]]<ref name="swamedia">{{cite web |title=Southwest Airlines Extends Flight Schedule Through Early November |date=February 8, 2024 |url=https://swamedia.com/releases/release-04348ac5b321df2dd32727736b2cdcf8-southwest-airlines-extends-flight-schedule-through-early-november |access-date=8 Feb 2024 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210040448/https://swamedia.com/releases/release-04348ac5b321df2dd32727736b2cdcf8-southwest-airlines-extends-flight-schedule-through-early-november |url-status=dead }}</ref>|<ref name="SouthwestRoutes">{{cite web|title=Check Flight Schedules|url=https://www.southwest.com/air/flight-schedules/index.html|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref> <!-- -->|[[Spirit Airlines]]|[[Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Harry Reid International Airport|Las Vegas]], [[Orlando International Airport|Orlando]]<br>'''Seasonal:''' [[Southwest Florida International Airport|Fort Myers]], [[Tampa International Airport|Tampa]]|<ref name="SpiritRoutes">{{cite web| title=Where We Fly| url=https://www.spirit.com/RouteMaps.aspx| publisher=Spirit Airlines| access-date=7 January 2017| archive-date=23 December 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223042503/https://www.spirit.com/routemaps.aspx| url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- -->|{{nowrap|[[Sun Country Airlines]]}}|'''Seasonal:''' [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]]|<ref>{{cite web |title=Route Map |url=https://www.suncountry.com/route-map |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815090927/https://www.suncountry.com/Explore/Route-Map.html |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> <!-- -->|[[United Airlines]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[Denver International Airport|Denver]] <br>'''Seasonal:''' [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston–Intercontinental]]|<ref name="UnitedRoutes">{{cite web|title=Timetable|url=https://www.united.com/web/en-US/apps/travel/timetable/default.aspx|access-date=7 January 2017|archive-date=January 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128165254/https://www.united.com/web/en-US/apps/travel/timetable/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- -->|[[United Express]]|[[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago–O'Hare]], [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport|Houston–Intercontinental]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark]], [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington–Dulles]]|<ref name="UnitedRoutes"/> <!-- -->|3rdcoltitle=Refs|3rdcolunsortable=yes <!--DO NOT ADD TERMINAL/CONCOURSE INFORMATION TO THIS TABLE AS IT VIOLATES [[WP:NOTTRAVEL]], SOURCES ADDED PER DISCUSSION AT [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Airports#Proposal to Change Template Discussion]], PLEASE EXPRESS CONCERNS YOU MAY HAVE AT THIS DISCUSSION, NOT BY CHANGING THIS TABLE!!!--> <!-- -->}} {| class="collapsible uncollapsed" style="border:1px #aaa solid; width:50em; margin:0.2em auto" !Taswirar wuraren da ake nufi |- |{{Location map+|United_States}} |} {{Airport destination list|[[Amazon Air]]|[[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Fort Worth Alliance Airport|Fort Worth/Alliance]], [[Lakeland Linder International Airport|Lakeland]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Lakeland |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/sy3037 |website=Flightradar24 |access-date=30 March 2021}}</ref> [[San Bernardino International Airport|San Bernardino]],<ref>{{cite web |title=FlightRadar24 SBD Cargo Flight |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/8c3462 |website=Flightradar24 |access-date=24 January 2024}}</ref> [[Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport|San Juan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=San Juan |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/sy3057 |website=Flightradar24 |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> [[Wilmington Air Park|Wilmington (OH)]]<ref>{{cite web |title=KILN, Wilmington |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/8c3460#3406fbdf |website=Flightradar24 |access-date=16 February 2024}}</ref>|[[DHL Aviation]]|[[Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport|Cincinnati]], [[Piedmont Triad International Airport|Greensboro]]|{{nowrap|[[FedEx Express]]}}|[[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]], [[McGhee Tyson Airport|Knoxville]], [[Memphis International Airport|Memphis]], [[Nashville International Airport|Nashville]]|[[UPS Airlines]]|[[Baltimore/Washington International Airport|Baltimore]], [[Louisville International Airport|Louisville]], [[Norfolk International Airport|Norfolk]], [[Philadelphia International Airport|Philadelphia]], [[Washington-Dulles International Airport|Washington-Dulles]]}} == Kididdiga == === Hanyar cikin gida mafi girma === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%" |+'''Hanyoyin cikin gida mafi yawan jama'a daga RIC (Afrilu 2023 - Maris 2024) <br />'''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=RITA &#124; Transtats |url=http://www.transtats.bts.gov/airports.asp?pn=1&Airport=RIC&Airport_Name=Richmond,%20VA:%20Richmond%20International&carrier=FACTS |access-date=June 11, 2023 |publisher=Transtats.bts.gov}}</ref> !Matsayi !Filin jirgin sama !Fasinjoji !Masu ɗaukar kaya |- |1 |[[Filin jirgin saman Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson|Atlanta, Georgia]]{{Flagicon|Georgia (U.S. state)}} |516,220 |Delta, Kudu maso Yamma |- |2 |[[Filin jirgin saman Charlotte Douglas|Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina]]{{Flagicon|North Carolina}} |338,860 |Ba'amurke |- |3 |[[Filin jirgin saman Dallas / Fort Worth|Dallas / Fort Worth, Texas]]{{Flagicon|Texas}} |145,580 |Ba'amurke |- |4 |[[Filin jirgin saman LaGuardia|New York-LaGuardia, New York]]{{Flagicon|New York (state)}} |126,050 |Ba'amurke, Delta |- |5 |[[Filin jirgin saman Logan|Boston, Massachusetts]]{{Flagicon|Massachusetts}} |125,490 |Delta, JetBlue |- |6 |[[Filin jirgin saman O'Hare|Chicago-O'Hare, Illinois]]{{Flagicon|Illinois}} |114,310 |Amurkawa, United |- |7 |[[Filin jirgin saman Orlando|Orlando, Florida]]{{Flagicon|Florida}} |110,270 |JetBlue, Ruhu |- |8 |[[Filin jirgin saman Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood|Fort Lauderdale, Florida]]{{Flagicon|Florida}} |104,900 |JetBlue, Ruhu |- |9 |[[Filin jirgin saman Denver|Denver, Colorado]]{{Flagicon|Colorado}} |102,530 |Kudu maso Yamma, United |- |10 |[[Filin jirgin saman Newark Liberty|Newark, New Jersey]]{{Flagicon|New Jersey}} |72,480 |Haɗa kai |} === Kasuwancin jirgin sama === {| class="wikitable" |+Kamfanonin jiragen sama na farko a RIC <small> (Afrilu 2023 - Maris 2024) </small> <ref name="auto1"/> !Matsayi !Jirgin Sama !Fasinjoji !Kashi na kasuwar |- |1 |[[Jiragen saman Amurka|Jirgin Sama na Amurka]] |1,075,000 |22.25% |- |2 |[[Delta Air Lines|Jirgin Sama na Delta]] |847,000 |17.53% |- |3 |[[Southwest Airlines|Jirgin Sama na Kudu maso Yamma]] |406,000 |8.40% |- |4 |JetBlue |361,000 |7.47% |- |5 |[[United Airlines|Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na United]] |324,000 |6.71% |- | |Sauran |1,819,000 |37.63% |} === Fasinjoji === === Jirgin shekara-shekara === {| class="wikitable" |+RIC Filin jirgin saman Fasinjoji Bayanan 1999-Yanzu<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Passenger Data for RIC Airport 1999-2014 |url=https://flyrichmond.com/archived-statistics |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=flyrichmond.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RIC Airport Annual Passenger Data 2015-Present |url=https://flyrichmond.com/airport-information/#monthly-statistics |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=flyrichmond.com}}</ref> !Shekara !Fasinjoji !Shekara !Fasinjoji !Shekara !Fasinjoji |- |1999 |2,618,921 |2009 |3,305,199 |2019 |4,379,663 |- |2000 |2,687,444 |2010 |3,311,747 |2020 |1,702,372 |- |2001 |2,411,732 |2011 |3,179,956 |2021 |3,190,200 |- |2002 |2,360,418 |2012 |3,167,294 |2022 |4,068,689 |- |2003 |2,390,497 |2013 |3,196,480 |2023 |'''4,755,889''' |- |2004 |2,496,230 |2014 |3,352,651 |2024 | |- |2005 |2,903,503 |2015 |3,513,142 |2025 | |- |2006 |3,294,045 |2016 |3,559,052 |2026 | |- |2007 |3,634,544 |2017 |3,657,479 |2027 | |- |2008 |3,490,356 |2018 |4,077,763 |2028 | |} == Hadari da abubuwan da suka faru == * A ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1946, wani Douglas C-47 da ke aiki da Viking Air Transport ya fadi kilomita 6.3 a kudancin filin Richmond-Byrd saboda matsalolin injiniya. Dukkanin 27 da ke cikin jirgin sun mutu. * A ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1951: Jirgin saman Eastern Airlines Flight 601 wanda ke kan hanyar daga Newark zuwa Miami ya sha wahala mai tsanani bayan an buɗe ƙofar shiga cikin jirgin sama a kan Lynchburg, Virginia kuma ma'aikatan sun yanke shawarar karkatar zuwa Richmond. An yi saukowar ƙafafun da ba su da flapless a 'yan mil kaɗan daga titin jirgin sama a Curles Neck Farm saboda ma'aikatan sun ji tsoron cewa jirgin zai rushe kafin su iya isa filin jirgin sama don ƙoƙarin saukowa na gaggawa. Babu wadanda suka mutu. * A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1961: Jirgin saman Imperial Airlines Flight 201/8 ya lalace lokacin da ya fadi kuma ya ƙone bayan yunkurin sauka na gaggawa a filin jirgin sama, duk fasinjoji 74, kuma uku daga cikin ma'aikatan biyar sun mutu. * A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1964: Wani jirgin saman Eastern Airlines DC-7B N809D tare da mazauna 76 da aka ɗaure daga New York ya sauka a kusa da Runway 15, ya sha wahala a babban kayan aiki na dama kuma ya zame don ƙafa 4752. Babu wani rauni, amma jirgin ya lalace ba tare da gyara ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 16, 1964 |title=Aircraft accident Eastern Airlines DC-7B, Richmond, VA |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640716-0 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> * A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1980, wani Gates Learjet 23, N866JS, ya juya saukowa a kan Runway 33. Jirgin ya fadi kusa da titin jirgin sama a karfe 03:12 kuma ya fashe cikin wuta. An kashe matukan jirgi biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 1980 |title=Aircraft accident Learjet 23 N866JS, Richmond, VA |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19800506-0 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> * A ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1996, Eastwind Airlines Flight 517 daga Trenton, New Jersey, ya sami asarar kulawar rudder yayin da yake kusanci zuwa Richmond; duk da haka, an sake samun iko jim kadan bayan haka, kuma jirgin ya sauka yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 1996 |title=Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2H5 N221US Richmond, VA |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960609-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021123604/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19960609-2 |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> Akwai karamin rauni guda daya. == Soja == === Sojojin Tsaro na Virginia === [[Fayil:Va._Guard_helicopter_crew_departs_to_support_Southwest_border_mission_130729-A-SM601-359.jpg|thumb|UH-72 a waje da babban ɗakin ajiya na Cibiyar, yana shirin tura tsaro na kan iyaka]] Filin jirgin saman Richmond yana aiki ne a matsayin Cibiyar Taimako ta Jirgin Sama don Rundunar Tsaro ta 224 ta Virginia. Sojojin Tsaro na Kasa a halin yanzu suna da jirage masu saukar ungulu 25 ciki har da 18 UH-60, 3 HH-60, da 4 UH-72 da ke wurin. Har ila yau, wurin yana da 1 C-12 Huron wanda ke aiki a matsayin jigilar kaya / fasinjoji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army Aviation Support Facility |url=https://va.ng.mil/Installations/Army-Aviation-Support-Facility/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=va.ng.mil |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707164606/https://va.ng.mil/Installations/Army-Aviation-Support-Facility/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Virginia Air National Guard === Har zuwa watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, rundunar sojan sama ta 192d (192 FW), rundunar sojin sama (ACC) da aka samu daga Virginia Air National Guard, ta ci gaba da kula da tashar Air National Guard. A ƙarshen 2007, bisa ga aikin BRAC 2005, 192 FW ya bar jirgin F-16C da F-16D kuma ya koma Langley AFB (yanzu Joint Base Langley-Eustis), don haɗuwa da Sojojin Sama na yau da kullun a matsayin haɗin gwiwa ga 1st Fighter Wing (1 FW) da ke tashi da F-22 Raptor. == Dubi kuma == * Filin jirgin saman Sojojin Virginia na Yaƙin Duniya na II == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3v4gqb20r6ed9qdxaiu0d4j4olf8lo3 0 81542 965788 489623 2026-10-10T13:49:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965788 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:Planet_Organic,_Muswell_Hill_01.jpg|thumb|Planet Organic, Muswell Hill, London]] Planet Organic sarkar babban kanti ce ta Biritaniya, tare da shaguna goma a Landan har zuwa watan Agusta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Planet Organic |url=https://www.planetorganic.com/storelocator/ |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> == Tarihi == <ref name="telegraph">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2012 |title=How Planet Organic's founder combines good food with healthy profits - Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-business/9666599/How-Planet-Organics-founder-combines-good-food-with-healthy-profits.html |access-date=2016-09-09 |publisher=telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="londonlovesbusiness">{{Cite web |title=Q&A: Why Prince Charles and Madonna love the £15m Planet Organic &#124; Interviews &#124; LondonlovesBusiness.com |url=http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/entrepreneurs/famous-entrepreneurs/qa-why-prince-charles-and-madonna-love-the-15m-planet-organic/5381.article |access-date=2016-09-09 |publisher=londonlovesbusiness.com |archive-date=2016-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912202457/http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/entrepreneurs/famous-entrepreneurs/qa-why-prince-charles-and-madonna-love-the-15m-planet-organic/5381.article |url-status=dead }}</ref>’Yar kasuwa Ba’amurke Renée Elliott ce ta kafa Planet Organic. Ta bude kantin farko a cikin 1995 a Westbourne Grove, West London. An ba da rahoton cewa shi ne babban kanti na farko a Burtaniya..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bassett |first=Kate |title=Planet Organic founder: "My business partner tried to oust me. I was blindsided and terrified" |url=https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/planet-organic-founder-my-business-partner-tried-oust-me-i-blindsided-terrified/leadership-lessons/article/1668301 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Management Today |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729144529/https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/planet-organic-founder-my-business-partner-tried-oust-me-i-blindsided-terrified/leadership-lessons/article/1668301 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Planet Organic yanzu shine babban kanti mafi girma a Burtaniya wanda ke siyar da layin samfur sama da 8,000 a cikin shaguna takwas a cikin M25.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Mecca |date=15 July 2019 |title=Female Food Founders – Interview with Renée Elliott Founder of Planet Organic |url=https://www.womeninthefoodindustry.com/female-food-founders-interview-renee-elliott-founder-planet-organic/ |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=Women In The Food Industry}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=bighospitality.co.uk |date=13 January 2020 |title=Planet Organic enters meal delivery market |url=https://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Article/2020/01/13/Planet-Organic-enters-meal-delivery-market |access-date=2020-02-04 |website=bighospitality.co.uk |language=en-GB |archive-date=2021-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120031540/https://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Article/2020/01/13/Planet-Organic-enters-meal-delivery-market |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Planet Organic moves into delivery |url=http://www.fruitnet.com/fpj/article/180542/planet-organic-moves-into-delivery |access-date=2020-02-04 |website=www.fruitnet.com}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2020 Planet Organic ya ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin bayar da abinci abincin dare, yana ba da jita-jita daban-daban don yin oda da isar da su daga shagunan Tottenham Court Road na kamfanin biyu. A cikin 2020, Planet Organic ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen ninka lambobin kantin su na yanzu a cikin shekaru 4 masu zuwa, yana faɗaɗa gabaɗayan adadin su zuwa kusan shaguna 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jahshan |first=Elias |date=2020-01-27 |title=Planet Organic to double store numbers in the next 4 years |url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2020/01/planet-organic-to-double-store-numbers-in-the-next-4-years/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=Retail Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2023, Planet Organic ta shiga gudanarwa, kuma asalin waɗanda suka kafa ta suka saya. Yawancin kamfanonin sun tsira daga yarjejeniyar, amma ya kai ga rufe shaguna hudu tare da korar ma'aikata 64.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2023 |title=Planet Organic founders rescue chain from administration, but jobs will be lost as four stores close |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/business/planet-organic-founders-rescue-chain-administration-jobs-lost-four-stores-close-b1076634.html |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> sxg59931lbjbtrq8pnkrf9vlr5ce3ic 0 81771 965916 469014 2026-10-10T19:49:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ijeoma Esther Okoronkwo''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1997) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai buga gaba a kungiyar Ligue F ta Spain UD Tenerife da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Kungiyar mata ta Najeriya]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Okoronkwo a [[Abiya|Jihar Abia]] kuma ta girma a [[Texas]] Richmond, Texas, a kasar Amurka. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Okoronkwo ta halarci Makarantar sakandare ta John da Randolph Foster, Kwalejin Jama'a ta Arewa maso gabashin Texas da Jami'ar Lamar . <ref name="YU">{{Cite web |title=Esther Okoronkwo - 2016 - Women's Soccer |url=https://ntcceagles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/esther-okoronkwo/268 |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Northeast Texas Community College Athletics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260908210605/https://ntcceagles.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/esther-okoronkwo/268 |archive-date=8 September 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A watan Yunin 2023, Okoronkwo ta shiga kungiyar UD Tenerife ta Ligue F ta Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2023 |title=La UDG Tenerife ficha a Esther Okoronkwo |trans-title=UDG Tenerife signs Esther Okoronkwo |url=https://ligaf.es/noticia/la-udg-tenerife-ficha-a-esther-okoronkwo |publisher=[[Liga F]] |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Okoronkwo ta fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2021 a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 43 a wasan sada zumunci na 0-1 da Jamaica.<ref name="GSA-Debut">{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Jamaica vs Nigeria - 2021-06-10 - FIFA Friendlies - Women |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2021-06-10/jamaica-vs-nigeria/2375811/ |access-date=19 June 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> A 23 ga watan febrairu 2022, taci kwallonta na farko a wasa da Ivory Coast a shekakar 2022 a gasar mata na africa A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2023, an haɗa ta cikin 'yan wasa 23 na Najeriya don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan Dabbs |date=2023-06-14 |title=Nigeria Women's World Cup 2023 squad: most recent call ups |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/nigeria-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manufofin kasa da kasa == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Sakamakon !Gasar |- |1. |23 Fabrairu 2022 |Filin wasa na Robert Champroux, [[Abidjan]], [[Ivory Coast]] |{{Fbw|CIV}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2022 cancantar gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta mata |- |2. |21 Fabrairu 2023 |Filin wasa na León, León, [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] |{{Fbw|CRC}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Kofin Ru'ya ta Mata na 2023 |- |3. |7 ga Afrilu 2023 |Gidan Wasanni na Marden, Alanya, [[Turkiyya]] |{{Fbw|HAI}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |Abokantaka |- |4. | rowspan="2" |30 Nuwamba 2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Onikan Stadium|Filin wasa na Onikan]], [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Najeriya]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|CPV}} | align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–0 | rowspan="3" |Rashin cancantar gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2024 |- |5. | align="center" |5–0 |- |6. |5 Disamba 2023 |Filin wasa na kasa na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]], Praia, Cape Verde |{{Fbw|CPV}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |- |7. |26 Fabrairu 2024 |Filin wasa na Moshood Abiola, [[Abuja]], Najeriya |{{Fbw|CMR}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Gasar Cin Kofin Wasannin Olympics ta Mata ta CAF ta 2024 |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Esther Okoronkwoa kanInstagram {{Nigeria squad 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] kq1cu7i2x2bt4qe5lae37yh1aahdk5v 0 84702 966008 524743 2026-10-10T23:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Femme fim ne mai ban tsoro na Burtaniya na 2023 wanda Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping suka rubuta kuma suka ba da umarni a karon farko. Yana da fasalin fasalin fasalulluka na gajeren fim din da aka zaba na 2021 na BAFTA mai suna iri ɗaya. Fim din ya fara ne a sashin Panorama na 73rd Berlin International Film Festival a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2023. An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a Burtaniya a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2023 ta hanyar Signature Entertainment . == Labarin Fim == Mai wasan kwaikwayo na Drag Jules ya gama daya daga cikin wasansa a wani kulob din dare na Gabashin London lokacin da ya fita waje don shan sigari kafin ya fahimci cewa ya daina shan sigari. Ya ga wani saurayi mai tattoo sosai, Preston, yana kallon shi daga nesa. Preston sai ya tafi ba zato ba tsammani. Daga baya, Jules ya shiga wani shagon da ya dace don sayen sigari a cikin cikakken jan hankali. Ya sake saduwa da Preston, yanzu tare da abokai da yawa. Sun fara yin la'akari da Jules, wanda ya amsa cewa ya ga Preston yana duba shi. Cikin fushi, Preston ya bi Jules daga shagon kuma ya kai masa hari. Watanni uku bayan haka, Jules ya daina yin jan hankali kuma ya zama mai zaman kansa. Wata dare, ya tafi sauna gay, inda ya yi mamakin ganin Preston, wanda bai bayyana ya gane shi ba. Jules ya bi shi zuwa dakin canzawa, inda Preston ya gayyace shi zuwa gidansa; Jules ya yarda. Lokacin da su biyun suka isa, sun fara yin jima'i kafin abokan Preston su zo, suna katse su. Jules ya ranta kayan kwalliya na Preston - wanda Preston ke sawa a lokacin harin - kuma ya yi kamar yana nan don sayen kwayoyi da ganye, amma ba kafin ya ba Preston lambar wayarsa ba. Jules ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar fansa a kan Preston saboda harin ta hanyar yin fim da suke yin jima'i da kuma sanya shi a kan layi. Jules ya fara soyayya da Preston, kuma sun yi jima'i sau da yawa, tare da Preston yana jin daɗin mamaye Jules. A wani lokaci, Preston ya ga Jules yana yin fim da gamuwarsu a wayar salula. Cikin fushi, ya ɗauki wayar Jules ya share fim ɗin. Koyaya, nan da nan ya kwantar da hankali, kuma biyun sun sake yin jima'i, kodayake ba su da tsananin tashin hankali fiye da baya. Wata rana da dare, Jules yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa falon Preston lokacin da abokan Preston suka zo suka rushe shirinsu.  Abokan Preston ne suka gayyaci Jules don ya zauna tare da su kuma a ƙarshe ya tafi mashaya tare da su, wanda ya yi.  A cikin dare, Jules ya yi wa Preston wasa tare da ba'a, a ƙarshe ya jagoranci su biyu don komawa gidan Jules, inda Jules ya fara mamaye Preston.  Tare da izinin Preston, Jules yana yin fim ɗin su biyu suna jima'i. Kashegari, Preston yana jin daɗin karin kumallo tare da abokan Jules guda biyu, ɗaya daga cikinsu a asirce ya gayyace shi zuwa bikin ranar haihuwar Jules, inda Jules zai yi a cikin janyewa a karo na farko tun bayan harin. Yayin da Preston ya tafi, sai ya sumbace Jules. Jules ya shirya don sanya hoton a kan layi amma a ƙarshe ya yanke shawara game da shi. A daren jam'iyyar, Preston ya zo tare da kyauta ga Jules kuma ya ba abokin Jules don kula da shi. Ba tare da sanin cewa Preston yana cikin masu sauraro ba, Jules ya isa kan mataki a cikin jan hankali, inda ya fara ba da labari game da "mai cin zarafin gay" da ya yaudare. Preston a ƙarshe ya fahimci cewa Jules ita ce sarauniyar da ya kai hari watanni da suka gabata, kuma ya zama abin damuwa. Preston ya yi wa Jules kwanton bauna a bayan fage, yana nuna cewa ya san ko wanene Jules. Ya yi barazanar Jules kuma ya bukaci sanin wanda ya ga fim din. Jules ya bayyana cewa bai nuna kowa ba kuma ya canza tunaninsa bayan ya san Preston. Daga ƙarshe, biyun sun shiga cikin mummunan fada wanda ya ƙare tare da Preston kusan ya maƙure Jules har ya mutu. Koyaya, Preston ya faɗi cikin hawaye kuma ya bar Jules ya tafi. An yi masa duka kuma ya zubar da jini daga yaƙin, Jules ya bar Preston yana kuka kuma ya koma gida don samun kyautar Preston a kan gadonsa. Ya buɗe shi; ainihin mai zane ne don maye gurbin na karya wanda Jules ya dauka daga Preston a baya. == Ƴan Wasan Fim == * [[Nathan Stewart-Jarrett]] as Jules * [[George MacKay (actor)|George MacKay]] as Preston * [[Aaron Heffernan]] as Oz * [[John McCrea (actor)|John McCrea]] as Toby * Asha Reid as Alicia * Peter Clements as Anton * [[Charley Palmer Rothwell]] as Jack * [[Moe Bar-El]] as Donovan * Nima Taleghani as Bijan * Jackson Milner as Lee * Anita-Joy Uwajeh as Lydia * [[Antonia Clarke]] as Molly * John Leader as Calvin == Samarwa == Harris Dickinson da Paapa Essiedu sun jagoranci gajeren 2021. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa George Mackay da Nathan Stewart-Jarrett za su jagoranci fasalin fasalin. Daraktoci Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping mai gabatar da kyautar Sam Ritzenberg da wanda ya kafa Agile Films Myles Payne suna taimaka musu su sami ra'ayin daga ƙasa lokacin da suka fara shiga gajeren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=10 February 2023 |title="There Are Rarely Queer Characters In These Films": How Directors Behind Berlin-Bound Thriller 'Femme' Wanted To Challenge Genre Stereotypes |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/femme-filmmaker-interview-berlin-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-berlin-1235253103/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211082945/https://deadline.com/2023/02/femme-filmmaker-interview-berlin-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-berlin-1235253103/ |archive-date=11 February 2023 |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/femme-filmmaker-interview-berlin-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-berlin-1235253103/|title="There Are Rarely Queer Characters In These Films": How Directors Behind Berlin-Bound Thriller 'Femme' Wanted To Challenge Genre Stereotypes|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Melanie|last=Goodfellow|date=10 February 2023|access-date=11 February 2023|archive-date=11 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211082945/https://deadline.com/2023/02/femme-filmmaker-interview-berlin-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-berlin-1235253103/|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban daukar hoto ya fara ne a Landan a watan Yunin 2022. == Saki == Femme ta fara fitowa a duniya a sashin Panorama na 73rd Berlin International Film Festival a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2023 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=18 January 2022 |title=Berlin: George MacKay, Béatrice Dalle, Fan Bingbing, Sandra Hüller & Joan Baez Movies Head To Fest |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/berlinale-panorama-new-titles-femme-1235225618/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121061342/https://deadline.com/2023/01/berlinale-panorama-new-titles-femme-1235225618/ |archive-date=21 January 2023 |access-date=21 January 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Programme – Femme |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202311903.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220193500/https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202311903.html |archive-date=20 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2023 |publisher=[[Berlin International Film Festival]]}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023, Utopia ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka, yayin da Signature Entertainment ta sami haƙurin rarraba Burtaniya da Ireland a watan Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kay |first=Jeremy |date=23 May 2023 |title=Utopia acquires North American rights to ‘Femme’ with George MacKay, Nathan Stewart-Jarrett (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/utopia-acquires-north-american-rights-to-femme-with-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-exclusive/5182481.article |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=[[Screen Daily]]}}</ref> An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a Ƙasar Ingila a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Brenna |date=18 October 2023 |title=First trailer for critically acclaimed drag queen thriller Femme |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/trailers/a45573880/femme-drag-queen-movie-trailer/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> A Amurka, an saki Femme a cikin zaɓaɓɓun fina-finai a ranar 22 ga Maris 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lattanzio |first=Ryan |date=19 March 2024 |title='Femme' Review: George MacKay and Nathan Stewart-Jarrett Are a Bad Romance in This Bruising Queer Revenge Thriller |url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/femme-review-george-mackay-nathan-stewart-jarrett-1234965870/ |access-date=3 May 2024 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == === Amsa mai mahimmanci === A shafin yanar gizon mai tarawa na Rotten Tomatoes, fim din yana da amincewar kashi 93% bisa ga sake dubawa 82, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 7.9/10. Shafin yanar gizon ''Mace'' sukar ya karanta, "A cikin jima'i da aka caje shi kuma ya cika da tashin hankali, Femme yana gyara nau'in noir kuma yana iya barin masu sauraro suna cin ƙusa zuwa nub. " Metacritic, wanda ke amfani da matsakaicin matsakaici, ya ba fim din kashi 69 daga cikin 100, bisa ga masu sukar 14, yana nuna "yawanci".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Femme |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/femme_2023 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Femme |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/femme/ |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> === Godiya gaisuwa === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Sashe ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Berlin | rowspan="2" |2023 |Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta ta farko ta GWFF |Sam H. Freeman, Ng Choon Ping, Myles Payne da Sam Ritzenberg| {{Nom}} | align="center" | |- |Kyautar Teddy don Fim mafi Kyawu |Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping| {{Nom}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feature Films 2023 |url=https://blog.teddyaward.tv/en/feature-films/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |publisher=Teddy Awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211115657/https://blog.teddyaward.tv/en/feature-films/ |archive-date=11 February 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="11" scope="row" |Kyautar Fim Mai Zaman Kanta ta Burtaniya | rowspan="11" |2023 |Kyakkyawan Kayan Kayan Kyakkyawar |Buki Ebiesuwa| {{Won}} | rowspan="11" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Ben |date=November 20, 2023 |title='All Of Us Strangers' leads Bifa 2023 craft winners with three awards; 'Femme', 'The Kitchen' take two each |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/all-of-us-strangers-leads-bifa-2023-craft-winners/5188023.article |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=[[Screen Daily]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2023 |title=The BIFA 2023 Nominations Have Been Announced |url=https://www.bifa.film/news/the-bifa-2023-nominations-have-been-announced/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |publisher=[[British Independent Film Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Mafi kyawun Make-Up &amp;amp; Gashi Tsarin |Marie Deehan| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |James Rhodes| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiɗa |Adam Janota Bzowski| {{Nom}} |- |Kula da Kiɗa Mafi Kyawu |Ciara Elwis| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim mai zaman kansa na Burtaniya |Sam H. Freeman, Ng Choon Ping, Myles Payne da Sam Ritzenberg| {{Nom}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Jagora |Nathan Stewart-Jarrett da George MacKay| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping| {{Nom}} |- |Kyautar Douglas Hickox don Darakta mafi kyau | rowspan="5" |Sam H. Freeman da Ng Choon Ping| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mawallafin Farko| {{Nom}} |- ! scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Urushalima |2023 |Mafi kyawun Farko na Duniya| {{Nom}} | |- ! scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Valladolid |2023 |Kyautar Recoletas don Fim mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} | align="center" | |- ! scope="row" |Bikin Fim na Zurich |2023 |Mafi kyawun Fim na Duniya| {{Nom}} | |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pgmrbbt4ief4zveqlhlehwc4ak88dgk 0 85613 965897 858326 2026-10-10T18:27:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965897 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Emily Ducote,''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta kasar Amurka wacce ta yi gasa a cikin rukuni na tsayi na Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Ta taba taka leda a Invicta FC, inda ta kasance Invicta F.C. Strawweight Champion. == Tarihi == An haifi 'yar John Ducote da Yvette Bradstreet, Emily a [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]]. Ducote ta fara horo a cikin fasaha tana da shekaru goma sha biyu bisa ga shawarar kakanninta. Ta yi gwagwarmaya don makarantar sakandare ta Los Gatos, ta ƙare a matsayin mai cin gaba a gasar zakarun jihohi a cikin babban shekarunta. Tare da burin yin gwagwarmaya a cikin ƙungiyar kwaleji mafi kyau, ta koma Great Plains a cikin 2012 don nazarin ilimin motsa jiki a Jami'ar Oklahoma City. Ta fara horar da Jiu-Jitsu na Brazil a shekarar 2013 kuma an inganta ta zuwa baƙar fata a watan Mayu 2022. == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Mai faɗakarwa === An shirya Ducote don yin Bellator ta farko da Bruna Vargas a Bellator 159 a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erickson |first=Matt |date=22 July 2016 |title=Bellator 159's Bruna Vargas hopes flyweight showcase fight is the start of something big |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2016/07/bellator-159s-bruna-vargas-hopes-flyweight-showcase-fight-is-the-start-of-something-big |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar zagaye na biyu na baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazique |first=Brian |title=Bellator 159 Results: Winners, Scorecards from Caldwell vs. Taimanglo Card |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2653589-bellator-159-results-winners-scorecards-from-caldwell-vs-taimanglo-card |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Kenya Miranda a Bellator 161 a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Jeremy |title=Kenya Miranda Isn't Feeling the Pressure Ahead of Bellator Debut |url=https://411mania.com/mma/kenya-miranda-isnt-feeling-the-pressure-ahead-of-bellator-debut/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=411mania.com}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar mika wuya ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gannavarapu |first=Akhilesh |title=Bellator 161 – The second coming of The American Gangster |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/mma/bellator-161-the-second-coming-of-the-american-gangster |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Ilima-Lei Macfarlane a Bellator 167 a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Mick |date=3 December 2016 |title=Unbeaten Ilima-Lei Macfarlane Faces Her 'Toughest Match-Up' at Bellator 167 |url=https://www.mmaweekly.com/unbeaten-ilima-lei-macfarlane-faces-her-toughest-match-up-at-bellator-167 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmaweekly.com}}</ref> Macfarlane ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, tare da ci 30-27, 29-28, 29-28. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wells |first=Adam |title=Bellator 167 Results: Winners, Scorecards from Caldwell vs. Taimanglo 2 Card |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2679763-bellator-167-results-winners-scorecards-from-caldwell-vs-taimanglo-2-card |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=bleacherreport.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Katy Collins a Bellator 174 a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2017. Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar gabatar da kai tsaye a baya. An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Jessica Middleton a Bellator 181 a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quiles Jr. |first=Fernando |date=13 July 2017 |title=Emily Ducote Wants to be Superior to Jessica Middleton in All Areas |url=https://www.mmanews.com/2017/07/emily-ducote-wants-to-be-superior-to-jessica-middleton-in-all-areas/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmanews.com}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, tare da ci 29-27, 29-28, 29-28. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quiles Jr. |first=Fernando |date=15 July 2017 |title=Emily Ducote Defeats Late Replacement Jessica Middleton at Bellator 181 |url=https://www.mmanews.com/2017/07/emily-ducote-defeats-late-replacement-jessica-middleton-at-bellator-181/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmanews.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Ilima-Lei Macfarlane don gasar zakarun duniya ta mata ta Bellator a Bellator 186 a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=EliteGuy101 |date=29 October 2020 |title=Ilima-Lei Macfarlane Will Defend The Flyweight Championship Against Juliana Velasquez At BELLATOR 254 |url=https://theringreport.com/mma/ilima-lei-macfarlane-will-defend-the-flyweight-championship-against-juliana-velasquez-at-bellator-254-a18924#gs.9fsiyt |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=theringreport.com}}</ref> Macfarlane ya lashe yakin ta hanyar mika wuya ta biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=4 November 2017 |title=Bellator 186 Results: Ilima-Lei Macfarlane Submits Ducote, Wins Inaugural Bellator Women's Flyweight Crown |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2017/11/03/bellator-186-results-ilima-lei-macfarlane-emily-ducote/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Kristina Williams a Bellator 196 a ranar 2 ga Maris, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=John |date=February 2018 |title=Emily Ducote vs. Kristina Williams added to Bellator 195 in Oklahoma |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2018/01/emily-ducote-kristina-williams-bellator-195-oklahoma |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> Williams ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara a cikin yakin da Ducote ya fi rinjaye kuma yawancin kafofin watsa labarai sun kira shi yanke shawara mai rikitarwa. Biyu daga cikin alƙalai sun zira kwallaye 29-28 ga Williams, yayin da alƙali na uku ya zira kwallayen 30-27 ga Ducote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marrocco |first=Steven |date=3 March 2018 |title=Bellator 195 results: Kristina Williams takes split decision from Emily Ducote |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2018/03/bellator-195-results-kristina-williams-takes-split-decision-from-emily-ducote |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Veta Arteaga a Bellator 202 a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Critchfield |title=Flyweights Emily Ducote, Veta Arteaga to Clash at Bellator 202 in Oklahoma |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Flyweights-Emily-Ducote-Veta-Arteaga-to-Clash-at-Bellator-202-in-Oklahoma-136701 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=sherdog.com}}</ref> Arteaga ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, ta kara yawan asarar Ducote zuwa yaƙe-yaƙe uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bellator 202 Results : Julia Budd KOs Talita Nogueira To Retain Featherweight Title |url=https://www.dopeclics.com/2018/07/bellator-202-results-julia-budd-kos.html |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=dopeclics.com}}</ref> Bayan da Bellator ta sake ta, Ducote ta koma ƙasa zuwa strawweight don gwagwarmayarta ta gaba da Kathryn Paprocki a Xtreme Fight Night 356 a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar zagaye na uku na baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Painter |first=Myles |date=20 July 2019 |title=Across The Pond featured fighter: Emily Ducote |url=http://mmauk.net/2019/07/20/across-the-pond-featured-fighter-emily-ducote/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmauk.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828060041/http://mmauk.net/2019/07/20/across-the-pond-featured-fighter-emily-ducote/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Invicta FC === An shirya Ducote don yin wasan kwaikwayo na farko da Janaisa Morandin a Invicta FC 38: Murata vs. Ducote a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2019. Morandin ya auna a cikin fam uku a kan iyakar nauyi, a 119 lbs. Ducote ya lashe yakin ta hanyar buga kwallo na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Mookie |title=Invicta FC 36: Sorenson vs. Young results and discussion |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/8/9/20799302/invicta-fc-36-sorenson-vs-young-results-discussion |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=bloodyelbow.com |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828060036/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2019/8/9/20799302/invicta-fc-36-sorenson-vs-young-results-discussion |url-status=dead }}</ref> A bayyanarta ta biyu, an shirya Ducote don fuskantar Kanako Murata don Invicta FC Strawweight Championship a babban taron InvictaFC 38: Murata vs. Ducote a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=【Invicta FC38】ストロー級王座決定戦、村田夏南子。「自信はない。でもコーチと仲間を信じている」 |url=https://mmaplanet.jp/97667 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=mmaplanet.jp}}</ref> Murata ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara, tare da alƙalai biyu da suka zira kwallaye 48-47 da 49-46 a cikin ni'imar ta. Alkalin na uku ya zira kwallaye 48-47 ga Ducote.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sloan |first=Mike |title=Kanako Murata Edges Emily Ducote to Capture Vacant Invicta FC Strawweight Title |url=https://www.sherdog.com/news/news/Kanako-Murata-Edges-Emily-Ducote-to-Capture-Vacant-Invicta-FC-Strawweight-Title-164871 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=sherdog.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar [[Juliana Lima]] a babban taron Invicta FC 40: Ducote vs. Lima a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FightBookMMA |date=9 June 2020 |title=Strawweights Emily Ducote and Juliana Lima Headline Invicta FC 40 on July 2 |url=https://www.fightbookmma.com/strawweights-emily-ducote-and-juliana-lima-headline-invicta-fc-40-on-july-2/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=fightbookmma.com}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, tare da dukkan alƙalai uku sun ba ta lambar yabo ta 29-28.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heck |first=Mike |date=2 July 2020 |title=Invicta FC 40 results: Emily Ducote outpoints Juliana Lima in strawweight headliner |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2020/7/2/21312248/invicta-fc-40-results-emily-ducote-outpoints-juliana-lima-in-strawweight-headliner |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmafighting.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Montserrat Ruiz a Invicta FC 43: King vs. Harrison a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Daga baya aka soke yakin saboda "ƙarin ka'idojin tsaro na COVID-19".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wannan |first=Jack |date=20 November 2020 |title=Emily Ducoute vs. Montserrat Ruiz Out of Invicta FC 43 Main Event |url=https://knockdownnews.com/2020/11/20/emily-ducoute-vs-montserrate-ruiz-out-of-invicta-fc-43-main-event/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=knockdownnews.com}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Liz Tracy a Invicta FC a kan AXS TV: Rodríguez vs. Torquato a ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2021. Daga baya aka soke yakin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Invicta on AXS TV: Pone vs. Yandolli added, Ducote vs. Tracy, Tennant vs. Chase removed |url=https://www.mmacrossfire.com/2021/05/11/invicta-on-axs-tv-pone-vs-yandolli-added-ducote-vs-tracy-tennant-vs-chase-removed/ |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmacrossfire.com}}</ref> ==== Invicta FC Strawweight Champion ==== Ducote ta fuskanci tsohuwar UFC Danielle Taylor don gasar Invicta FC Strawweight Championship a InvictaFC 44: A New Era a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newswire |title=Invicta FC 44: Emily Ducote faces Danielle Taylor, Lisa Verzosa meets Taneisha Tennant |url=https://www.fightmag.com.au/2021/07/28/invicta-fc-44-emily-ducote-faces-danielle-taylor-lisa-verzosa-meets-taneisha-tennant/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106235708/https://www.fightmag.com.au/2021/07/28/invicta-fc-44-emily-ducote-faces-danielle-taylor-lisa-verzosa-meets-taneisha-tennant/ |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=fightmag.com.au}}</ref> Gwagwarmayarta da Taylor ta yi ta zama jigon biyan kuɗi na farko a tarihin Invicta FC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Damon |date=27 July 2021 |title=Invicta FC moves to pay-per-view with bantamweight, strawweight titles up for grabs in August |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2021/7/27/22594572/invicta-fc-moves-to-pay-per-view-with-bantamweight-strawweight-titles-up-for-grabs-in-august |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmafighting.com}}</ref> Ducote ya lashe yakin ta hanyar buga kwallo na farko. Ta fara dakatar da Taylor a cikin waƙoƙinta tare da madaidaiciya, kafin ta shimfiɗa ta da kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Nolan |date=28 August 2021 |title=Video: Knockout of the Year? Emily Ducote freezes Danielle Taylor with punch, rips head kick to win gold |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2021/08/invicta-fc-44-video-emily-ducote-freezes-danielle-taylor-with-punch-rips-head-kick-to-win-gold |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> A cikin tsaron farko, Ducote ta fuskanci Alesha Zappitella a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2022 a Invicta FC 47. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=Emily Ducote vs. Alesha Zappitella strawweight title fight headlines Invicta FC 47 on May 11 |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/03/mma-news-emily-ducote-vs-alesha-zappitella-strawweight-title-invicta-fc-47-may-11 |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta lashe gasar bayan likita ya dakatar da wasan bayan zagaye na biyu saboda yankewa a kan idon Alesha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bissell |first=Tim |date=2022-05-12 |title=Invicta FC 47 results and video: Emily Ducote defends title after splitting challenger's eyelid |url=https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2022/5/12/23066701/invicta-fc-47-results-and-video-mma-event-news-highlights-video-emily-ducote-alesha-zappitella |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512120356/https://www.bloodyelbow.com/2022/5/12/23066701/invicta-fc-47-results-and-video-mma-event-news-highlights-video-emily-ducote-alesha-zappitella |archive-date=2022-05-12 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=Bloody Elbow |language=en}}</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === A watan Yunin 2022, Ducote ya sanya hannu tare da UFC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Nolan |date=2 June 2022 |title=Invicta FC champion Emily Ducote signs with UFC, fights Jessica Penne on Long Island |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/invicta-fc-champion-emily-ducote-042527039.html?src=rss |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=sports.yahoo.com |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714151521/https://sports.yahoo.com/invicta-fc-champion-emily-ducote-042527039.html?src=rss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ducote ta fara gabatar da ita ta farko, ta maye gurbin Brianna Fortino, a kan [[Jessica Penne]] a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2022 a UFC a kan ABC 3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Invicta FC champion Emily Ducote signs with UFC, fights Jessica Penne on Long Island |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2022/06/ufc-news-emily-ducote-invicta-fc-champ-signs-vs-jessica-penne-long-island |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bitter |first=Shawn |date=2022-07-16 |title=UFC Long Island: Emily Ducote Wins Promotional Debut Against Former Title Challenger Jessica Penne |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/07/16/ufc-long-island-emily-ducote-vs-jessica-penne/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Ducote ta fuskanci Angela Hill a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2022 a UFC a kan ESPN 42. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2022-08-25 |title=Angela Hill to fight Emily Ducote at Dec. 3 UFC event |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2022/8/25/23322354/angela-hill-to-fight-emily-ducote-at-dec-3-ufc-event |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=3 December 2022 |title=UFC Orlando: High Output of Angela Hill Too Much for Emily Ducote |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2022/12/03/ufc-orlando-angela-hill-vs-emily-ducote/ |website=Cageside Press}}</ref> An shirya Ducote don fuskantar Polyana Viana a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2023, a UFC a kan ESPN 45. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Diego Ribas, em Las Vegas |date=2023-02-27 |title=UFC encaminha Polyana Viana vs Emily Ducote para card de abril |url=https://agfight.com/ufc/ufc-encaminha-polyana-viana-vs-emily-ducote-para-card-de-abril/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |publisher=agfight.com}} {{In lang|pt-br}}</ref> Koyaya, an sake tsara wasan don UFC Fight Night 223 a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2023. <ref name="Changes">{{Cite web |last=Nolan King |date=2023-04-25 |title=UFC Fight Night 223 hit with three changes in days leading up to fight card |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-223-fight-card-changes-ducote-viana-levy-rodriguez-quinlan-waters-loosa |access-date=2023-04-25 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> Hakazalika, Viana ta janye daga wasan saboda dalilin da ba a bayyana ba kuma tsohuwar LFA Women's Strawweight Champion Lupita Godinez ta maye gurbin ta a nauyin nauyin kilo 120.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay Anderson |date=2023-05-08 |title=Loopy Godinez replaces Polyana Viana against Emily Ducote at UFC Vegas 73 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/05/08/loopy-godinez-replaces-polyana-viana-emily-ducote-ufc-vegas-73/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |publisher=cagesidepress.com}}</ref> Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-05-20 |title=UFC Vegas 73: Loopy Godinez Earns Second Straight Win, Decisions Emily Ducote |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/05/20/ufc-vegas-73-emily-ducote-vs-lupita-godinez/ |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Ducote ya fuskanci Ashley Yoder a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 2023 a UFC Fight Night 230. <ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Nolan |date=2023-07-18 |title=Ashley Yoder to return from two-year UFC layoff vs. Emily Ducote |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2023/07/ufc-news-ashley-yoder-vs-emily-ducote-booked-october-14 |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-10-14 |title=UFC Vegas 81: Emily Ducote Turns Back Returning Ashley Yoder |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/10/14/ufc-vegas-81-ashley-yoder-vs-emily-ducote/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Ducote ya fuskanci Vanessa Demopoulos a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2024, a UFC Fight Night 241. Ta rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ta raba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2024-05-18 |title=UFC Vegas 92: Vanessa Demopoulos Takes Close Decision Over Emily Ducote Despite Injured Arm |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/05/18/ufc-vegas-92-vanessa-demopoulos-takes-close-decision-over-emily-ducote-despite-injured-arm/ |access-date=2024-05-18 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2024, an ruwaito cewa an cire Ducote daga jerin sunayen UFC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jul 30, 2024 |title=❌ Fighter removed: Emily Ducote |url=https://x.com/RosterTracker/status/1818040823268663576 |access-date=Jul 30, 2024 |website=UFCRosterTracker}}</ref> == Gasar zakarun Turai da nasarorin da aka samu == * '''Gasar Gwagwarmayar Invicta''' ** Invicta FC Strawweight Championship (Wata lokaci) *** Ɗaya daga cikin nasarar kare taken == Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane == {{MMArecordbox|ko-wins=3|ko-losses=|sub-wins=4|sub-losses=1|dec-wins=6|dec-losses=8}}{{MMA record start}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |align=center|13–9 |[[Vanessa Demopoulos]] |Decision (split) |[[UFC Fight Night: Barboza vs. Murphy]] |{{dts|2024|May|18}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|13–8 |[[Ashley Yoder]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC Fight Night: Yusuff vs. Barboza]] |{{dts|2023|October|14}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss |align=center|12–8 |[[Lupita Godinez]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC Fight Night: Dern vs. Hill]] |{{dts|2023|May|20}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Las Vegas, Nevada]], United States |{{Small|Catchweight (120 lb) bout.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss |align=center|12–7 |[[Angela Hill]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC on ESPN: Thompson vs. Holland]] |{{dts|2022|December|03}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Orlando, Florida]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|12–6 |[[Jessica Penne]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[UFC on ABC: Ortega vs. Rodríguez]] |{{dts|2022|July|16}} |align=center|3 |align=center|5:00 |[[Elmont, New York]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|11–6 |[[Alesha Zappitella]] |TKO (doctor stoppage) |[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 47: Ducote vs. Zappitella|Invicta FC 47: Ducote vs. Zappitella]] |{{dts|2022|May|11}} |align=center|2 |align=center|5:00 |[[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|Defended the [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Strawweight Championship|Invicta FC Strawweight Championship]].}} |- |{{yes2}}Win |align=center|10–6 |[[Danielle Taylor (fighter)|Danielle Taylor]] |KO (punch & head kick) |[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 44: A New Era|Invicta FC 44: A New Era]] |{{dts|2021|August|27}} |align=center|1 |align=center|2:51 |[[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|Won the vacant [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Strawweight Championship|Invicta FC Strawweight Championship]]. Performance of the Night.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|9–6 |[[Juliana Lima]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 40: Ducote vs. Lima|Invicta FC 40: Ducote vs. Lima]] |{{dts|2020|July|2}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|Performance of the Night.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|8–6 |[[Kanako Murata]] |Decision (split) |[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 38: Murata vs. Ducote|Invicta FC 38: Murata vs. Ducote]] |{{dts|2019|November|1}} | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|For the vacant [[Invicta Fighting Championships#Strawweight Championship|Invicta FC Strawweight Championship]].}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|8–5 |[[Janaisa Morandin]] |KO (punches) |[[List of Invicta FC events#Invicta FC 36: Sorenson vs. Young|Invicta FC 36: Sorenson vs. Young]] |{{dts|2019|August|9}} | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:03 |[[Kansas City, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|Catchweight (119.6 lb) bout; Morandin missed weight. Performance of the Night.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|7–5 |Kathryn Paprocki |Submission (rear-naked choke) |Xtreme Fight Night 356 |{{dts|2019|February|1}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:31 |[[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], United States |{{Small|Return to Strawweight.}} |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|6–5 |Veta Arteaga |Decision (unanimous) |[[Bellator MMA in 2018#Bellator 202|Bellator 202]] |{{dts|2018|July|13}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Thackerville, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|6–4 |Kristina Williams |Decision (split) |[[Bellator MMA in 2018#Bellator 196|Bellator 196]] |{{dts|2018|March|2}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Thackerville, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|6–3 |[[Ilima-Lei Macfarlane]] |Submission (triangle armbar) |[[Bellator MMA in 2017#Bellator 186|Bellator 186]] |{{dts|2017|November|3}} | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:42 |[[University Park, Pennsylvania]], United States |{{Small|For the inaugural [[List of Bellator champions#Women's Flyweight World Championship|Bellator Women's Flyweight World Championship]].}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|6–2 |Jessica Middleton |Decision (unanimous) |[[Bellator MMA in 2017#Bellator 181|Bellator 181]] |{{dts|2017|July|14}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Thackerville, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|5–2 |Katy Collins |Submission (rear-naked choke) |[[Bellator MMA in 2017#Bellator 174|Bellator 174]] |{{dts|2017|March|3}} | style="text-align:center;"| 1 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:53 |[[Thackerville, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|4–2 |[[Ilima-Lei Macfarlane]] |Decision (unanimous) |[[Bellator MMA in 2016#Bellator 167|Bellator 167]] |{{dts|2016|December|3}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Thackerville, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|4–1 |Kenya Miranda |Submission (armbar) |[[Bellator MMA in 2016#Bellator 161|Bellator 161]] |{{dts|2016|September|16}} | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 4:37 |[[Cedar Park, Texas]], United States |{{Small|Catchweight (126.8 lb) bout; Miranda missed weight.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|3–1 |Bruna Vargas |Submission (rear-naked choke) |[[Bellator MMA in 2016#Bellator 159|Bellator 159]] |{{dts|2016|July|22}} | style="text-align:center;"| 2 | style="text-align:center;"| 0:29 |[[Mulvane, Kansas]], United States |{{Small|Flyweight debut.}} |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|2–1 |Jianna Denizard |Decision (unanimous) |Xtreme Fighting League |{{dts|2016|May|14}} | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:00 |[[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{yes2}}Win | style="text-align:center;"|1–1 |Ronnie Nanney |Decision (unanimous) |OKC Charity Fight Night |{{dts|2016|January|14}} | style="text-align:center;"| 5 | style="text-align:center;"| 3:00 |[[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]], United States | |- |{{no2}}Loss | style="text-align:center;"|0–1 |[[Emily Whitmire]] |Decision (unanimous) |FCF 50 |{{dts|2015|September|15}} | style="text-align:center;"| 3 | style="text-align:center;"| 5:00 |[[Shawnee, Oklahoma]], United States |{{Small|Strawweight debut.}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mata masu zane-zane * Jerin zakarun wasan kwaikwayo na yanzu == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Professional MMA record for Emily DucotedagaSherdog * Emily DucoteaUFC {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{Succession box|title=8th [[Invicta FC#Strawweight Championship|Invicta FC Strawweight Champion]]}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4it9hks5u20lltpobvyq0944bpu3lxf 0 87326 965878 676810 2026-10-10T16:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A group of Yoruba people at a public event.png|thumb|Yarabawa]] [[Fayil:Egbo_(Food).jpg|thumb| Egbo, abincin gida na Najeriya]] '''Egbo''' abinci ne [[Yarbawa|na Yarbawa]] da ya shahara musamman a tsakanin mutanen [[Ibadan]]. Ana yin abincin ne daga busasshiyar [[Masara|masarar]] da ake dafawa har sai tayi laushi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-12 |title=Foodie corner: I can eat beans seven days a week– Ayo Mogaji |url=https://punchng.com/foodie-corner-i-can-eat-beans-seven-days-a-week-ayo-mogaji/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=EJPAU 2005. Abulude F., Ojo M. DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF "EGBO" FORTIFIED WITH LEGUME SEEDS |url=http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume8/issue3/art-34.html |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=www.ejpau.media.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618204146/http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume8/issue3/art-34.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana cin ta tare da wake da miya. == Dubawa == Wanda kuma aka sani da masara porridge, egbo tana kama da oatmeal. Idan ake ci da miya, wake da kayan lambu ana kiransa da ''ororo robo''. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-21 |title=Try Egbo with beans |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/try-egbo-with-beans/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Abincin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == k67l2ysgwa7uizdmepmwivt4r5eud6b 0 92775 966052 858647 2026-10-11T04:31:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Georgia Fuller''' 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce wacce ta shiga cikin gwagwarmaya ta siyasa don Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki a cikin shekarun 1980. Ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Majalisa, ƙungiyar mata a cikin shekarun 1980, kuma ta kasance co-kafa Arlington, Virginia reshe na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa (NOW). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Collection: Papers of NOW officer Georgia Fuller, 1973-1977 {{!}} HOLLIS for |url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/5065 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu |archive-date=2023-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327201355/https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/5065 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Haɗin kai da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa == Fuller ya shiga cikin Virginia chapter na NOW kuma ya kafa Arlington chapter a 1975. <ref name=":0"/> A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikinta tare da NOW, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin LGBT, Kwaskwarimar haƙƙin daidaito da haƙƙin haihuwa. <ref name=":0" /> A taron na 1981, Fuller ya shiga cikin wata kungiya da ake kira Majalisa Union wanda ya yi kira da a dauki mataki kai tsaye don matsa lamba ga Fadar White House don tallafawa ERA. Kungiyar Majalisa ta kasance mai aiki a farkon shekarun 1980 kuma ta dauki sunanta daga asalin Kungiyar Ma'aikatar Mata ta kafa ta Alice Paul, marubucin asali na ERA.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Dullea |first=Georgia |date=October 16, 1981 |title=NOW Gearing up for 'Missionary Project' |work=Johnson City Press}}</ref> A lokacin taron na 1981, Fuller ya sa sarƙoƙi don jaddada dabarun tawaye da ke zuwa don tallafawa ERA a fili.<ref name=":3" /> Fuller ta ci gaba da kasancewa tare da NOW a cikin shekarun 1980. A cikin wannan shekaru goma, ta kuma kasance mai aiki a siyasa tare da batutuwan LGBTQ + yayin da ta taimaka wajen shirya taron don tattauna homophobia a cikin coci.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Jean |date=March 9, 2020 |title=PLEASANT HILL RAMBLINGS: Fuller shares stories of Equal Rights Amendment struggle |url=https://www.crossville-chronicle.com/news/lifestyles/pleasant-hill-ramblings-fuller-shares-stories-of-equal-rights-amendment-struggle/article_c7eb740e-623a-11ea-a13a-2bf6f6567acb.html |access-date=February 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723232846/https://www.crossville-chronicle.com/news/lifestyles/pleasant-hill-ramblings-fuller-shares-stories-of-equal-rights-amendment-struggle/article_c7eb740e-623a-11ea-a13a-2bf6f6567acb.html |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta NOW kan Mata da Addini == Fuller ta kasance mai aiki tare da kungiyoyin adalci na zamantakewa daban-daban kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsarawa na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Kasa kan Mata da Addini.<ref name=":0"/> Lokacin da aka kori Sonia Johnson daga Cocin Yesu Almasihu na Kiristoci na Ƙarshe don tallafawa ERA, Fuller ta shirya addu'a a madadin ta. Wata sananniyar mace wacce ke da hannu tare da wannan rukuni ita ce Elizabeth Farians, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa NOW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-09 |title=Honoring Our Founders and Pioneers {{!}} National Organization for Women |url=https://now.org/about/history/honoring-our-founders-pioneers/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=now.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan gwagwarmaya ga ERA == Fuller ta kasance wani ɓangare na wata kungiya da ake kira A Group of Women wacce ta gudanar da aikin ta'addanci a madadin ERA a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Organization For Women Georgia Fuller Credit: The Denver Post |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/national-organization-for-women-georgia-fuller-credit-the-news-photo/836933396 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=Getty Images |language=en-us }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sonia Johnson ita ma ta kasance cikin wannan kungiyar kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen na siyasa da yawa tare da Fuller.<ref>{{Cite web |title="A group of women putting the banner on The Portland Soldiers and Sailors Monument, also known as "Our Lady of Victories." {{!}} Photo Archives |url=https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=941838 |access-date=2022-07-23 |website=collections.lib.utah.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222064937/https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=941838 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan dabarun kai tsaye marasa ƙarfi sun haɗa da shafa jan fenti wanda ya yi kama da jini a gaban Tarihin Kasa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=McQUEEN |first=MICHEL |date=1982-07-07 |title=ERA's Triumph |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1982/07/07/eras-triumph/a493eb05-cc14-45ce-ad2d-55f3b9129b36/ |access-date=2022-07-23 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar mata ashirin da suka shiga yajin aikin yunwa don kara wayar da kan jama'a game da wannan gyare-gyare.<ref name=":2" /> == An ɗaure shi da shinge na Fadar White House == A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 1982, Ranar Daidaita Mata, Fuller da ƙungiyar mata sun ɗaure kansu a kan shingen Fadar White House don nuna rashin aiki game da ERA. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=ERA Supporters Arrested in Washington |url=https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb1400399t/_1.pdf |website=off our backs}}</ref>Charlotte Bunch da Fuller sun ba da jawabai a Lafayette Park yayin da magoya baya suka ƙone kyandirori. Kalmomin Shugaba Ronald Reagan an ƙone su a cikin wanka kuma 'yan jarida sun ba da rahoton mata a matsayin "masu tsaron rana. " <ref name=":5" /> Fuller ya ƙarfafa kwatanta su da masu tsaron gida na shekarun 1910 yana cewa, "Yayin da mai tsaron gida ya ƙone kalmomin Wilson, mu cikin wannan ruhun muna ƙone kalmomin Reagan. Kuma yayin da mahaifiyarmu ta kafa wuta ta 'yanci a wannan shafin, mu kamar yadda matan Amurka ke ƙone wuta ta daidaito. "<ref name=":5" /> == Hawan shinge na Fadar White House == A ranar haihuwar Susan B. Anthony, 15 ga Fabrairu, 1982, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Fuller |first=Georgia Elaine |date=1989-01-01 |title=Climbing the president's fence |url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395%2889%2990088-5 |journal=Women's Studies International Forum |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=107–112 |doi=10.1016/0277-5395(89)90088-5 |issn=0277-5395}}</ref> Fuller da wasu mata 9 sun hau kan shinge na Fadar White House don wayar da kan jama'a game da bukatar ERA. Wannan wani tsari ne da Washington, DC reshe na Majalisar Dattijai ya dauka <ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Fuller, Quaker, an haife shi a shekara ta 1945 kuma yana da ɗa ɗaya.<ref name=":0"/> Ya zuwa 2020, Fuller ta ci gaba da ba da gabatarwa ga jama'a ta raba tarihinta game da aiki ga ERA.<ref name=":4" /> A shekarunta na baya, Fuller ta kasance mai aiki tare da [[Silver Panthers]] . <ref name=":4" /> == Duba kuma == * Ƙungiyar Mata * Berenice A. Carroll * Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Ƙasa ta Biyu * Maureen Fiedler * Sonia Johnson * Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa * Mata Yunwa don Adalci * Zoe Nicholson == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lgoppperbw4bkrhbtk4otfu2g1k7eb0 0 93486 966027 833907 2026-10-11T00:44:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966027 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Francišak Valancinavič (Franak) Viačorka (Viacorka)''' (Belarusian, Rasha: Франтишек Валентинович Вечёрко, ''Frantishek Valentinovich Vechyorko'', an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1988) [[ɗan siyasa]] ne kuma ɗan jarida daga Belarus, Shugaban Cibiyar Sadarwar Dijital kuma ɗan'uwan da ba mazaunin Majalisar Atlantic ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Franak Viačorka |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/expert/franak-viacorka/ |website=[[Atlantic Council]]}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Viačorka tana aiki a matsayin Babban Mai ba da shawara ga Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, ɗan siyasan Belarus. <ref name="Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya">{{Cite web |title=Team / Official web-site of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya |url=https://tsikhanouskaya.org/en/team/ |website=tsikhanouskaya.org |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2022-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112192515/https://tsikhanouskaya.org/en/team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Franak farfesa ne mai ziyara a Kwalejin Turai <ref>{{Cite web |title=College Of Europe |url=https://www.coleurope.eu/whoswho/person/francisak.viacorka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729191830/https://www.coleurope.eu/whoswho/person/francisak.viacorka |archive-date=2022-07-29 |access-date=2022-04-17}}</ref> == Kwarewar ilimi da aiki == Viačorka ya yi karatu a makarantar Belarusian Lyceum for Humanities (tun daga shekara ta 2003 a karkashin kasa), Sashen Jarida na Jami'ar Jihar Belarus (wanda aka kore shi don ayyukan siyasa), Jami'ar Humanitarian ta Turai (wanda aka yi gudun hijira a Vilnius). Viačorka tana da digiri biyu a Sadarwa (BA) da Harkokin Kasashen Duniya (MA). Franak ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Warsaw da Jami'ar Amurka. Viačorka ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken kafofin watsa labarai na Hukumar Amurka don Media ta Duniya (USAGM) da ke mai da hankali kan kasuwannin dijital na Eurasia. Binciken da ya yi ya mayar da hankali kan kokarin Rasha da na kasar Sin don sarrafa sararin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya, yada bayanai marasa gaskiya, da kuma gina kayan aikin intanet masu zaman kansu. Ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kirkira don sabis na Belarus na Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (RFE / RL), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Франак Вячорка |url=https://www.svaboda.org/author/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0/v-t_qt |website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |language=be-tarask}}</ref> mai ba da shawara ga Freedom House . == Matsayi na yanzu == Franak Viačorka is the chief political advisor to Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and the head of the international relations department of the [[Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]].<ref name="Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya"/> He often appears in the Belarusian and foreign press. Franak is called one of the main organizers of mass protests in 2020 in [[Belarus]]. == Ayyukan jama'a == Shi ne ɗan shahararren ɗan siyasa na adawa Vincuk Viačorka . Tun daga ƙuruciyarsa, Franak ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar adawa da shugaban Belarus na yanzu [[Alexander Lukashenko]] . Franak ya kasance memba na Young Front, wanda ya kafa kuma tsohon shugaban BPF Youth (2008-2009), reshen matasa na Belarusian Popular Front, wanda [[Andrej Krečka]] ya yi nasara a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2009. Mai shirya zanga-zangar da yawa, kamfen na siyasa da flash-mobs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stand in a line to a police van, clap and laugh! |url=http://belsat.eu/en/wiadomosci/a,3590,stand-in-a-line-to-a-police-van-clap-and-laugh.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504000555/http://belsat.eu/en/wiadomosci/a,3590,stand-in-a-line-to-a-police-van-clap-and-laugh.html |archive-date=2012-05-04 |website=[[Belsat TV]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Выбарчыя_матэрыялы_Франака_Вячоркі_ў_Мазыры.jpg|thumb|Franak Viačorka a lokacin zaben kananan hukumomi na 2010]] memba na kwamitin (2007-2009), Majalisar Kasa (2007-2009) na Jam'iyyar BPF. Shugaban Hukumar Al'adu (2007-2009) <ref name="culture_committie">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2008 |title=Франак Вячорка: Дубляж «Шрэка» важнейшы за 35 затрыманьняў |url=http://www.nn.by/index.php?c=ar&i=14409 |website=[[Nasha Niva]]}}</ref> na Jam'iyyar BPF. memba na Ƙungiyar Harshen Belarusian. Ya shiga cikin yakin neman zabe a hedikwatar (2000, 2001, 2004, 2008). A shekara ta 2010 - a matsayin dan takara a zaben kananan hukumomi na Majalisar Mazyr, amma an yi magudi a zaben. Mai gudanarwa na dan takarar adawa na hadin gwiwa Alaksandar Milinkievič (2005-2006), Sojojin Demokradiyyar Tarayyar Belarus (2007-2009). Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa da manajojin Art-Siadziba - sararin samaniya na jama'a don abubuwan da suka faru masu zaman kansu a [[Miniska|Minsk]]. Darakta kuma furodusa na aikin kiɗa "[[Партызанская школа|Partyzanaskaja Škoła]]" (Makarantar Partisan), faifan kiɗa "Ja lublu licej" (Ina son Lyceum), "Vieru u Ciabie" (Aminci ku), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Менскi |first=Алесь |date=2004-06-08 |title="Веру ў цябе". |url=http://www.tvordom.com/obzor.php?work=290 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041126160326/http://www.tvordom.com/obzor.php?work=290 |archive-date=2004-11-26 |access-date=2020-08-24 |website= |publisher=Творческий Дом |language=be}}</ref> "Partyasanaskaja Šcoła" (School Partisan), "Pieśni Lisoŭčykaŭ" (Waƙoƙin Lisouchyks), "Janka Kupala - 125", "ya zama tsoho:Незалежны". Mai gabatar da aikin "Audiobooks in Belarusian". Mai gabatarwa da Manajan aikin "Cinema Dubbing into Belarusian". An kira shi Pulp Fiction, Shrek 2, En Liten Julsaga, Love Actually, V for Vendetta . == Matsi == A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2008, an kori Viačorka daga shekara ta uku ta aikin jarida a Jami'ar Jihar Belarus, duk da kyakkyawan aikinsa na ilimi, saboda ya rasa gwaje-gwaje biyu. Gaskiyar cewa 'yan sanda suna tsare shi ba a yarda da shi a matsayin hujja ta halal daga hukumomin jami'a ba. Wani yunkuri na gaba na yin rajista a Jami'ar Humanities ta Turai da ke gudun hijira, jami'ar Belarus mai zaman kanta da ke aiki a makwabciyar Lithuania saboda takunkumin Lukashenko, ya gaza saboda sunan Viačorka yana cikin jerin mutanen da aka haramta daga tafiya a waje da Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Franak Viachorka banned from leaving Belarus |url=http://old.euroradio.fm/en/528/news/20256/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711165809/http://old.euroradio.fm/en/528/news/20256/ |archive-date=2012-07-11 |website=[[Euroradio]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Вайсковая_прысяга.jpg|thumb|An rubuta Franak Viačorka a cikin sojoji duk da yanayin lafiyarsa.]] An ruwaito cewa a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, hukumomi sun tilasta wa Viačorka shiga cikin Sojojin Belarus, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Franak Viachorka Conveyed Forcibly to Military Office |url=http://www.baj.by/en/node/8431 |website=[[Belarusian Association of Journalists]] |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723025013/http://www.baj.by/en/node/8431 |url-status=dead }}</ref> duk da cewa an same shi ba shi da lafiya. Sauran masu gwagwarmayar matasa da yawa, kamar su Ivan Šyła, an kuma tsara su. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2009, an sanya shi a cikin rundunar tsaro ta iska 48694 a Mazyr, Yankin Gomel . A yayin horo, an yi zargin cewa manyan sojoji sun tsananta masa don ya sa ya yi magana da Rasha maimakon Belarusian, kodayake dukansu biyu doka ne don amfani da su a cikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2009 |title=Pressurization of Franak Viachorka in the army |url=http://spring96.org/en/news/29078/ |website=[[Viasna Human Rights Centre]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na soja, Viačorka ya yi yaƙi don haƙƙin sojoji da haƙƙin mazauna yankin. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2010 an saki Viačorka daga sojoji saboda matsalolin kiwon lafiya. A lokacin aikin soja Viačorka ya shiga a matsayin dan takara a zaben kananan hukumomi na Majalisar Mazyr.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2010 |title=Франак і ў войску ідзе ў дэпутаты |url=http://nn.by/?c=ar&i=35148 |website=[[Nasha Niva]] |language=be}}</ref> A lokacin aikin soja Viačorka yana rubuta "Blog of Belarusian Soldier", wanda ya zama sananne sosai a Intanet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Армейскі дзёньнік Франака Вячоркі |url=http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2009/05/04/ic_articles_116_161266/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126190704/http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2009/05/04/ic_articles_116_161266/ |archive-date=2011-11-26 |website=[[Naviny.by]] |language=be-tarask}}</ref> An kama Viačorka kuma an ɗaure shi sau da yawa saboda ayyukansa, a karo na karshe a watan Janairun 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2010 |title=Activist Franak Viachorka detained |url=http://spring96.org/en/news/40270 |website=[[Viasna Human Rights Centre]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2008 |title='Cold, Hunger, Rats' – Franak Viachorka about Conditions in Akrestsina Jail |url=http://spring96.org/en/news/20528 |website=[[Viasna Human Rights Centre]]}}</ref> After being dismissed from the military, Viačorka was refused admission to Belarusian State University<ref>{{Cite web |title=Франаку Вячорке вновь отказано в восстановлении на учебе |url=http://news.tut.by/politics/122747.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115750/https://news.tut.by/politics/122747.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |website=[[Tut.By]] |language=ru}}</ref> to which he applied eight times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Франак Вячорка готов бороться в суде за право вновь стать студентом |url=http://old.euroradio.fm/ru/1325/news/52615/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722192848/http://old.euroradio.fm/ru/1325/news/52615/ |archive-date=2012-07-22 |website=[[Euroradio]] |language=ru}}</ref> He was also refused admission to all other public universities in Belarus, violating the law which provides guaranteed admission to dismissed soldiers. Viačorka is currently{{When|date=January 2023}} pursuing a degree in media and public relations at the University of Warsaw. A watan Janairun 2022, ya zama sananne cewa Viačorka, tare da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo Roman Protasevich, Anton Motolko, da Stsiapan Putsila suna zargin hukumomin Belarus a kan laifuka 10. An zarge su da shirya makirci don kwace iko, haifar da ƙiyayya, shirya zanga-zangar jama'a, samar da ƙungiyoyin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, cin amana, da kuma wasu manyan laifuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masowa sprawa karna przeciwko białoruskim aktywistom |url=https://belsat.eu/pl/news/15-01-2022-masowa-sprawa-karna-przeciwko-bialoruskim-aktywistom/ |website=[[Belsat TV]] |language=pl}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2024, hukumomin Belarus sun yanke wa Viačorka hukuncin shekaru 20 a kurkuku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2024 |title=An exiled Belarus opposition figure is sentenced in absentia to 20 years |url=https://apnews.com/article/belarus-crackdown-lukashenko-viachorka-9c932411a5defaa858e3edcab1cbf58b |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> == Fim din == A shekara ta 2006 ya fito a cikin shirin da ya lashe lambar yabo mai taken "A Lesson of Belarusian" wanda ya ba da labarin rayuwar Viačorka a matsayin mai fafutukar dimokuradiyya a Zaben shugaban kasa na 2006 a Belarus. An bi aikin Viačorka tare da 'yan gwagwarmayarsa na makonni biyu. Mahaifinsa Vincuk Viačorka ya kuma fito, kamar yadda Uładzimier Kołas, shugaban makarantar Belarusian Humanities Lyceum kuma sanannen masanin kimiyya. Viačorka is the co-screenwriter and second director of a fiction movie being produced by the Documentary and Feature Film Production Company of Poland about his time in the Belarusian Army and the situation for other young conscripts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Блокбастар "Жыве Беларусь" |url=http://nn.by/?c=ar&i=63610 |website=[[Nasha Niva]] |language=be}}</ref> The film, "Viva Belarus!", directed by [[Krzysztof Łukaszewicz]], was released in spring 2013. Viačorka ya kuma taka leda a fim din Tutejszyja . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2007 |title="Белсат" здымае "Тутэйшых" |url=http://nn.by/?c=ar&i=12025 |website=[[Nasha Niva]] |language=be}}</ref> An haramta wannan fim din a Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2008 |title=Для Мінкульту «Тутэйшыя» — праява шавінізму |url=https://nashaniva.com/20418/ |website=[[Наша Ніва]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka == * Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Mulki <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2021 |title=Белорусский оппозиционер Франак Вячорка: "Нет ничего невозможного, если вы в это верите" |url=https://ruski.radio.cz/belorusskiy-oppozicioner-franak-vyachorka-net-nichego-nevozmozhnogo-esli-vy-v-8733792 |website=[[Radio Prague]] |language=ru |access-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214135648/https://ruski.radio.cz/belorusskiy-oppozicioner-franak-vyachorka-net-nichego-nevozmozhnogo-esli-vy-v-8733792 |archive-date=14 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Medal na Jubilee 100 na Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Belarus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Category:Recipients of the Belarusian Democratic Republic 100th Jubilee Medal - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Belarusian_Democratic_Republic_100th_Jubilee_Medal}}</ref> * Kyautar Jagorancin Jama'a, 2016: ta Open Society Foundations (OSF) * Matsayi na Shekara, 2014: Nasha Niva: Don kokarin inganta asalin ƙasar Belarus * A karkashin 30 na shekara ta 2013: Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Dimokuradiyya. An nuna shi a cikin matasa shugabannin, dukansu suna da shekaru 30 ko ƙasa da haka, waɗanda ke aiki don makomar dimokuradiyya a cikin ƙasashe 24. * Mafi kyawun Shirin, 2013: € 2000, Bikin Fim na Brussels, don fim ɗin China * Václav Havel Fellowship, 2012: ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Jamhuriyar Czech da Rediyo Free Europe / Rediyo Liberty, Prague, Jamhuriwar Czech. Václav Havel ne ya yi amfani da shi. * Kyautar wallafe-wallafen, 2010 Minsk, Belarus. * Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kasa "Don Ƙarfin Mutum", 2009. Minsk, Belarus * Sabuwar Kyautar Zamani, 2008 - Don Ƙarfin zuciya da Ƙarfin Gwagwarmaya don 'Yanci da Dimokuradiyya a Belarus, " * Kyautar IDFA Bertha Fund, 2007, Amsterdam, Netherlands * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a bikin fina-finai na Lviv (Ukraine) (2007) == manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [https://franak.org Shafin yanar gizon Franak Viacorka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223130810/http://www.franak.org/ |date=2025-02-23 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110405005422/http://www.wolnabialorus.pl/news.php?nr=791 Mafarki na Franak. Tattaunawa da Franak Viachorka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718181337/http://www.oneworldinschools.cz/download/pdf/jsnsfilmswandchmaterials_5.pdf Darasi na Belorussian] * {{Cite web |title=Repressive medicine functioning in Belarus |url=http://charter97.org/en/news/2009/1/19/14155/ |website=[[Charter 97]]}} * {{Cite web |date=13 July 2009 |title=Pressurization of Franak Viachorka in the army |url=http://spring96.org/en/news/29078/ |website=[[Viasna Human Rights Centre]]}} * {{Cite web |title=Criminal investigators trying to break into Franak Viachorka's apartment |url=http://euroradio.fm/en/node/15669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401131312/http://euroradio.fm/en/node/15669 |archive-date=2011-04-01 |website=[[European Radio for Belarus]]}} * {{Cite web |title=Franak Viachorka Appealed to Court Against the Head of University |url=http://www.baj.by/en/node/8367/ |website=[[Belarusian Association of Journalists]] |access-date=2025-02-22 |archive-date=2012-12-08 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208200248/http://www.baj.by/en/node/8367/ |url-status=dead }} * [http://franak.livejournal.com Shafin yanar gizo na Franak Viachorka] * The Free Cinema Of An Unfree Belarus An adana shi 2013-06-18 a [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 25wt7j4ngc2yxkbw3q4x3wbjnytvu1m 0 98006 965990 609345 2026-10-10T22:29:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatoumata Yarie Soumah''' 'yar siyasar [[Gini|ƙasar Guinea ce]]. Tsohuwar ministar shari'a ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministère de la justice : Mamadi Doumbouya choisit une ancienne notaire |url=https://www.africaguinee.com/articles/2021/11/02/ministere-de-la-justice-mamadi-doumbouya-choisit-une-ancienne-notaire |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Africa Guinee {{!}} Actualité sur la Guinée et l'Afrique |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == Kafin ta zama 'yar siyasa, ta kasance notary; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=Décrets : la notaire Fatoumata Yarie Soumah et l'ancien boxeur Lansana Béa Diallo nommés ministre de la justice et de la jeunesse |url=https://guineelive.com/2021/11/03/decrets-la-notaire-fatoumata-yarie-soumah-et-lancien-boxeur-lansana-bea-diallo-nommes-ministre-de-la-justice-et-de-la-jeunesse/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=guineelive.com |language=fr}}</ref> ta kasance musamman shugabar majalisar notaries na ƙasar Guinea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadiatou N'Diaye |date=2021-11-03 |title=Gouvernement : Mme Fatoumata Yarie Soumah nommée ministre de la Justice et des Droits de l'Homme |url=https://conakryinfos.com/gouvernement-mme-fatoumata-yarie-soumah-nommee-ministre-de-la-justice-et-des-droits-de-lhomme/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Conakry Infos |language=fr}}</ref> Daga watan Nuwamba 2 zuwa watan Disamba 31, 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=Justice : Fatoumata Yarie SOUMAH limogée et remplacée |url=https://www.guinee360.com/31/12/2021/justice-fatoumata-yarie-soumah-limogee-et-remplacee/ |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=Guinée - Actualités - Guinee360 - Actualité En Guinée |language=fr}}</ref> ta kasance ministar shari'a a gwamnatin Mohamed Béavogui kafin a kore ta daga muƙamin, ta zama mace ta biyu da aka naɗa kan muƙamin tun bayan samun 'yancin kai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-02 |title=Gouvernement : Béa Diallo et Yarie Soumah nommés ministres |url=https://guineematin.com/2021/11/02/gouvernement-bea-diallo-et-yarie-soumah-nommes-ministres/ |access-date=2021-11-03 |website=Guinée Matin - Les Nouvelles de la Guinée profonde |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722005342/https://guineematin.com/2021/11/02/gouvernement-bea-diallo-et-yarie-soumah-nommes-ministres/ |archive-date=2025-07-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r8c3jf1ojw3wakr88zpguhu148cb7xp 0 100143 965883 637958 2026-10-10T16:20:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ekow Daniels''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu,Shekara ta 1929) ɗan siyasar ƙasar Ghana ne, lauya, kuma tsohon ministan cikin gida na Ghana. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Past Minister_6 |url=https://www.mint.gov.gh/past-minister_6/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=Ministry of the Interior│Republic of Ghana |language=en-GB}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kasance ɗan majalisar wakilai ta 2 na jamhuriyar Ghana ta ɗaya a kan tikitin jam'iyyar CPP. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Daniels a ranar ga watan Mayu, 1929. Ya fito ne daga Denkyimanfu, a tsakiyar ƙasar Ghana. Daniels yana da digiri na biyu da kuma Doctor of Philosophy, wanda ya samu daga Jami'ar London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=W.C Ekow Daniels {{!}} SOAS University of London |url=https://www.soas.ac.uk/centenary/alumni-profiles/1960s/wc-ekow-daniels.html |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=www.soas.ac.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Kafin shiga siyasa, Daniels ya kasance ma'aikacin doka. Daga baya aka zaɓen shi a matsayin ɗan majalisa Denkyimanfu a lokacin zaɓen shekarar ta 1965 na majalisar dokokin Ghana. An kuma naɗa Daniels a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida kuma ya yi aiki daga watan Agusta 1979 zuwa Satumba Shekara ta 1981. <ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] rg0vqimw2yxftxvirtg0ew0f81lfdhl 0 105833 965879 661290 2026-10-10T16:09:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ehigie Edobor Uzamere''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda aka zaba a Majalisar Dattijan Najeriya a shekara ta 2007 yana wakiltar Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] don Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a (PDP). <ref name="nassnig">{{Cite web |title=Sen. Ehigie Edobor Uzamere |url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=55 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194507/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=55 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2009-11-22 |publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Ehigie Uzamere a yankin karamar hukuma ta Oredo na jihar Edo a ranar 1 ga Yuni 1955. Ya kasance masanin gine-gine kafin ya tsaya takarar Majalisar Dattijai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007, ba tare da wani kwarewar siyasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2007 |title=Senate:The AC Challenge |url=http://www.thesourceng.com/acchallengeapril23.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106055811/http://www.thesourceng.com/acchallengeapril23.htm# |archive-date=2009-01-06 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=The Source}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2007, wata mace ta Amurka, da ke da'awar cewa Uzamere ta auri ta a New York a 1979 yayin da take neman katin kore, ta shigar da karar saki da ke neman diyya miliyan 100 da tallafin yaro. Sanata ya yi watsi da zargin, yana mai cewa bai auri matar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MURPHY GANAGANA, Abuja |date=February 17, 2008 |title=Senator in Green Card marriage scandal |url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/newsonthehour/2008/feb/17/newsbreak-17-02-2008-001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227230254/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/newsonthehour/2008/feb/17/newsbreak-17-02-2008-001.htm# |archive-date=2010-02-27 |access-date=2009-11-22 |publisher=The Sun News}}</ref>Koyaya, a cewar Huhuonline, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York ta ki amincewa da gardamarsa, ta gano cewa auren ya faru, kuma ta umarce shi da ya bayyana a kotu don shari'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2009 |title=Huhuonline.com vindicated as New York State Supreme Court indicts Senator Uzamere |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/216979/1/huhuonlinecom-vindicated-as-new-york-state-supreme.html |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Huhuonline}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2009 |title=Cheryl D. Uzamere Plaintiff, against Senator Ehigie Edobor Uzamere, also known as "Godwin E. Uzamere". ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND DEFAULT JUDGMENT |url=http://decisions.courts.state.ny.us/fcas/fcas_docs/2009sep/2300180122009100sciv.pdf |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Supreme Court of the State of New York}}</ref> An zabi Uzamere a Majalisar Dattijai ta Kudu ta Edo a watan Afrilun 2007 na Jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP). An nada shi a kwamitocin kan Tsaro da Lantarki, Biyan Gida da na Kasashen Waje, Sufurin Kasa, Gidaje, Man Fetur da Al'adu da Yawon Bude Ido.<ref name="nassnig"/>A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, an nada shi a matsayin memba na Kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kan Binciken Tsarin Mulki (JCCR). <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2008 |title=Senate Names Constitution Amendment Committee Members |url=http://www.ijebustate.com/news-and-event/5-senate-names-constitution-amendment-committee-members-9th-may-2008 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Ijebu State |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008234452/http://www.ijebustate.com/news-and-event/5-senate-names-constitution-amendment-committee-members-9th-may-2008 |archive-date=2011-10-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Ya kasance memba na kwamitin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dattijai a kan Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT) da Gidaje, wanda ya bincika gudanarwar FCT tsakanin 1999 da 2007, yana ba da rahoto mai mahimmanci a watan Yulin 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-17 |title=FCT Probe: A tale of the bad and the ugly |url=http://www.thenationonlineng.com/dynamicpage.asp?id=56006 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=The Nation}}</ref> A watan Yunin shekara ta 2008, kotun karar zaben jihar Edo ta ce akwai rashin daidaito a cikin gudanarwar [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] (INEC) a cikin babban zaben shekara ta 2007, ta soke zaben Uzamere, kuma ta umarci INEC da ta gudanar da sabon zaben Majalisar Dattijai a Edo ta Kudu cikin kwanaki 90.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alemma-Ozioruva Aliu |date=June 28, 2008 |title=Tribunal Condemns INEC Over Elections, Sacks Senator Uzamere |url=http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/?a=10182&z=12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183100/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/?a=10182&z=12 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Nigeria Daily News}}</ref> Bayan jerin daukaka kara, a watan Yunin 2009, kotun daukaka kara ta yanke hukuncin cewa an zabi Uzamere yadda ya kamata. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an ba sanatocin PDP guda uku - Uzamere, [[Yisa Braimoh]] da Odion Ugbesia - aikin sulhunta bangarorin jam'iyya daban-daban da suka fito a cikin watanni goma sha takwas na jihar Edo na [[Oserheimen Osunbor]]. Uzamere ya ce tunda Jihar Edo yanzu tana da gwamnatin Action Congress, magoya bayan PDP ba za su iya tsammanin tallafawa ba, wanda zai sauƙaƙa aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Aziken |date=17 December 2008 |title=AC Govt in Edo'll Purge PDP, Says Uzamere |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200812170951.html |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> A cikin kimantawa na tsakiya game da aikin Sanatoci, jaridar ThisDay ta lura cewa ya dauki nauyin Dokar Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (Amendment) Bill 2009 da Cibiyar Kula da Kudin Najeriya ta 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2009 |title=An Improved Senate, But Some Uninspiring Senators... |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200905250350.html?page=3 |access-date=2009-11-22 |publisher=ThisDay}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2009, Uzamere ya yi magana don tallafawa sake fasalin [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|Hukumar Zabe ta Kasa mai zaman kanta]] (INEC) don rage jinkirin kammala sakamakon zabe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2009 |title=Implementation, bane of 1999 Constitution—Mark |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/07/01/implementation-bane-of-1999-constitution%E2%80%94mark/ |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an zarge shi da jinkirin tabbatar da dan takarar Jihar Edo a kwamitin Ci gaban Neja Delta (NDDC), watakila saboda dalilan siyasa.A matsayinsa na shugaban [[Jami'ar Benin]] ya tura don nada wani mutumin [[Mutanen Edo|Bini]] don maye gurbin mataimakin shugaban jami'in da ya gabata, a cikin muhawara da ta kai rabin shekara ta 2009. A watan Satumbar 2009, a matsayinsa na shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai kan Biyan Kuɗi da Biyan Kuɗaɗen Kasuwanci na Ƙasashen Waje, Uzamere yana tallafawa yunkurin binciken basussukan da gwamnatin Tarayya ke bin wa 'yan kwangila na cikin gida, wanda a bayyane ya haɗa da basussukan "ghost" da yawa. Ya kuma yi kira ga sasantawa da sauri na tabbatar da kudade masu yawa da zarar an kammala binciken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine Ehikioya |date=2009-09-24 |title=Senate panel backs local debts audit |url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/19523/1/Senate-panel-backs-local-debts-audit-/Page1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120409/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/19523/1/Senate-panel-backs-local-debts-audit-/Page1.html# |archive-date=2011-07-26 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=The Nation}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009, Uzamere ya ba da jawabi yayin bude baje kolin zane-zane na Najeriya a [[Stockholm]] a kan wayewar Benin da Tasirinta a kan siyasar Najeriya ta zamani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-06 |title=Nigerian arts exhibition in Stockholm |url=http://www.nanews.net/MAIN.asp?ID=3225 |access-date=2009-11-23 |publisher=Nordic Africa News}}</ref> Uzamere ya yi nasarar sake tsayawa takara a zaben Afrilu na 2011 na Gundumar Sanata ta Kudu ta Edo . Ya kayar da tsohon sanata [[Daisy Danjuma]] da kuri'u 135,346 zuwa 70,725. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2011 |title=INEC releases final results in Edo |url=http://indepthafrica.com/nigeria/headlines/inec-releases-final-results-in-edo/ |access-date=2011-04-21 |website=In Depth Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bnd4b9uxsmuj1zpn85ygyatdwbxifac 0 106032 966001 915215 2026-10-10T22:38:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox musical artist|image=Portrait of Ifeanyi Ibegbunam otherwise known as Fecko.jpg|caption=|Birth_name=Ifeanyi Chukwuebuka Ibegbunam|Alias=Fecko the Emcee|birth_place=[[Anambra]], Nigeria {{Infobox person | child = yes | alma_mater = [[Birmingham City University]] }}|Genre=[[Hip Hop]], [[Afrobeats]]|Occupation=[[Musician]]|Years_active=2006-present}} '''Ifeanyi Chukwuebuka Ibegbunam''' Wanda aka fi sani da Fecko (a lokutan baya Fecko the Emcee), Mawaƙin hip hop ne a [[Nijeriya]]. A ranar 13 ga watan [[Satumba]] 2023, mujallar Afirka ta Kudu, mujallar ''The Hype'' ta bayyana Fecko a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mawakan rap guda biyar (5) na Afirka da ya kamata a sani a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lesiba |date=2023-09-13 |title=5 African Rappers You Should Check Out |url=https://hypemagazine.co.za/2023/09/13/5-african-rappers-you-should-check-out/ |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=[[Hype (magazine)|Hype]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife shi a Jihar [[Anambra]], [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] kuma ya girma a unguwannin wajen garin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gachanja |first=Nelly |date=2021-02-05 |title=Interview With Nigerian Emcee Fecko Winner Of The Mic Africa Music Competition - Africa.com |url=https://www.africa.com/interview-with-nigerian-emcee-fecko-winner-of-the-mic-africa-music-competition/ |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=www.africa.com |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217165216/https://www.africa.com/interview-with-nigerian-emcee-fecko-winner-of-the-mic-africa-music-competition/ |archive-date=2023-02-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fecko ya kammala karatun sa a fannin [[Kimiyyar muhalli|Ilimin Halitta na Muhalli]] daga Kwalejin Ilimi ta Yaba (Yaba College of Education) kuma tsohon ɗalibin Jami'ar Birmingham City ne a Ingila (United Kingdom) inda ya sami digiri na biyu (MA) a cikin Gudanar da zane(Design management).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Fecko |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/fecko |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bridging Innovation and Industry: Empowering MA Design Management Students as Future Water Sector Leaders |url=https://www.bcu.ac.uk/blog/architecture/bridging-innovation-and-industry-empowering-ma-design-management-students-as-future-water-sector-leaders |access-date=2025-06-21 |website=[[Birmingham City University]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sana'a == Fecko ya fara aikinsa na kiɗa a cikin shekara ta 2006 lokacin da ya rubuta kundi na farko wanda ba a fitar da shi a hukumance a dandamali masu gudana ba. Ya yi aiki tare da M.I Abaga, The Lady Of Rage, Doug E Fresh, Mode 9, da Khaligraph Jones. Wasannin shi mai tsawo, "Afrobeat, Rhythm and Truth" an yi amfani da shi a kan shirin Afrocity, wani takaitaccen jerin shirin yanar gizo na [[Ndani TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=2021-05-31 |title=Fecko features MI Abaga, Doug E Fresh and Lady Of Rage on new single, 'Moment Of Victory' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fecko-features-mi-abaga-doug-e-fresh-and-lady-of-rage-on-new-single-moment-of-victory/wxt9sk3 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217085415/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/fecko-features-mi-abaga-doug-e-fresh-and-lady-of-rage-on-new-single-moment-of-victory/wxt9sk3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fecko shine mai karɓar bakuncin Eko wanda ya tsira, shine podcast wanda ya bayyana a Legas ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na [[Lagos (jiha)|Lagosians]] da ke zaune a cikin birnin da kuma kasar waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surviving Eko with Fecko • A podcast on Spotify for Podcasters |url=https://anchor.fm/survivingeko |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Spotify for Podcasters |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Fecko_performance_picture.jpg|thumb|Fecko yana aikin Yakin Shekara ta 2015]] === A matsayin mai waƙa === {| class="wikitable" !Taken !Shekara !Album |- |"Trappin" {{Small|(Fimzy featuring Fecko, [[Blaqbonez]])}} |2019 |Waƙoƙin da ba na kundi ba |- |"Bipolar" {{Small|(Neky featuring Fecko)}} | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Nghota'' |- |"Ku zo hanyar da nake da ita" {{Small|(DJ Equaliza featuring Fecko)}} | rowspan="2" |Waƙoƙin da ba na kundi ba |- |"Ku Yi Ni Da Ƙarya" {{Small|(RXTHERAPPER featuring Fecko)}} | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ny00bzpw2rrhsxxp6auat3o5s5tgwh1 0 108361 966095 696017 2026-10-11T08:07:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidauniyar Vindhyan Ecology da Tarihin Halitta''' (VENHF) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (2012) tare da [[Hedkwatar 'yan Sanda Ta Jihar Kano|hedikwatar]] ta a Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, Indiya, tana aiki don karewa da kiyaye yanayi, [[Albarkatun dan'adam|albarkatun]] halitta da haƙƙin al'ummomin da ke dogara da yanayi a cikin yanayin [[muhalli]] na Vindhya Range a Indiya. Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan ita ce babbar kamfen ɗin kungiyar. == Shirye-shiryen == === Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan === Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan (pronunciation Hindi: [viŋd̪ɦyaː batʃaːoː] Ma'anar Turanci: Ajiye Vindhya Campaign) shine babban shirin VENHF wanda ke aiki don daidaito na muhalli da kawo adalci na muhalzi ta hanyar shari'ar muhalli ta hanyar bincike, karfafa ƙungiyoyin muhalli, tallafawa cibiyar gudanar da gida da kare haƙƙin al'ummomin da ke dogara da yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2013 |title=Vindhya Bachao Portal - Objective |url=http://vindhyabachao.org/objective |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Vindhyabachao.org}}</ref>{{IPA|hi|viŋd̪ʱyaː batʃaːoː}}{{IPA|hi|viŋd̪ʱyaː batʃaːoː}}{{IPA|hi|viŋd̪ʱyaː batʃaːoː}} == Ayyuka da ayyukan == === Binciken tarihin halitta === ==== Tarihin namun daji na gandun daji na Mirzapur ==== In the year 2017, Vindhyan Ecology and Natural History Foundation in association with WWF-India published a sign-based study on Sloth Bears in Mirzapur, which identified five forest ranges as critical wildlife habitats. The study estimated an area of {{Convert|430|km2}}. of core Sloth bear habitat and a total of {{Convert|1110|km2}} of Reserve Forests area which may be protected as wildlife habitat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-07 |title=REPORT: Sloth Bears of Mirzapur- Assessment of Habitats, Man-Bear Conflict and Wildlife Corridors |url=https://vindhyabachao.org/activities/wildlife-related/357-sloth-bear-mirzapur |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=Vindhya Bachao |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sloth Bears of Mirzapur: A Study from the Vindhyan Landscape of Eastern Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.conservationindia.org/articles/sloth-bears-of-mirzapur-a-study-from-the-vindhyan-landscape-of-eastern-uttar-pradesh |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=Conservation India |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808205002/https://www.conservationindia.org/articles/sloth-bears-of-mirzapur-a-study-from-the-vindhyan-landscape-of-eastern-uttar-pradesh |archive-date=2020-08-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This study was followed by a camera trap survey in three forest ranges of Mirzapur forest division – Marihan, Sukrit and Chunar – between May 2018 and July 2018. A total of 15 camera traps were deployed at 50 different locations selected randomly covering different habitat types and at locations likely to be used by animals. The said study was conducted in collaboration with Mirzapur Forest Department and was supported by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation and Wildlife Trust of India. The study recorded 24 wildlife species, several of which were recorded for the first time in the district. The study also recorded Asiatic wildcat for the first time in Uttar Pradesh. A proposal for Sloth Bear Conservation Reserve was made based on this study.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-06 |title=Declare UP's Mirzapur forests as a conservation reserve, says study |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2019/08/declare-ups-mirzapur-forests-as-a-conservation-reserve-says-study/ |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-18 |title=REPORT- Wildlife Inventory and Proposal for Sloth Bear Conservation Reserve in Marihan-Sukrit-Chunar Landscape of Mirzapur Forest Division, Uttar Pradesh |url=https://vindhyabachao.org/mirzapur-wildlife |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=Vindhya Bachao |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Shari'ar muhalli === ==== Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Mirzapur ==== [[Fayil:Environmentalists_protest_against_coal_based_thermal_power_project_in_Delhi.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Mambobin Vindhya Bachao suna zanga-zanga game da Mirzapur Thermal Power Plant na Welspun Energy a waje da SCOPE Complex, New Delhi a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2013 |title=Peaceful Demonstration against Welspun Thermal Power Project in Delhi |url=http://vindhyabachao.org/activities/15-peaceful-demonstration-against-welspun-thermal-power-project-in-delhi |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Vindhya Bachao website, 18 November 2013}}</ref>]] VENHF a karkashin tutar Vindhya Bachao ta yi adawa da Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta 1320 MW a Mirzapur da Ms Welspun Energy U.P. Private Limited ta gabatar tun daga shekara ta 2013. A cikin rahoton ziyarar shafin da Vindhya Bachao ya buga a watan Satumbar 2013 an yi iƙirarin cewa mai ba da gudummawa ya ɓoye bayanai game da kasancewar gandun daji da nau'ikan Schedule I da yawa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kare Kariya ta Kayan daji, 1972 a cikin Rahoton EIA an gabatar da shi ga Ma'aikatar Muhalli da dazuzzuka (India) . A cikin 2013 an ruwaito ta Down to Earth cewa shirin "ya yi jayayya da rikice-rikice biyo bayan zargin cewa kamfanin ya ɓoye bayanai game da kasancewar gandun daji da namun daji masu haɗari a shafin aikin. Manoma a yankin suma suna nuna rashin amincewa da aikin, suna zargin kamfanin ya sayi ƙasar don aikin ta hanyar yaudarar su". <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2013 |title=Did Welspun fudge facts for its coal-fired power plant in Mirzapur? |url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/did-welspun-fudge-facts-for-its-coalfired-power-plant-in-mirzapur--42768 |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Down to Earth, 20 November 2013}}</ref> Debadityo Sinha, wanda ya kafa VENHF a cikin labaransa ya yi iƙirarin cewa aikin zai zama barazana ga kogin Ganga da kuma tafkin Khajuri na sama don shan ruwa da ban ruwa. An fahimci cewa aikin idan ya kasance zai yi barazanar wani ruwa mai tarihi na Mirzapur da aka sani da Wyndham Fall kuma zai kuma jefa ruwan sha na sabon harabar Rajiv Gandhi ta Kudu na Jami'ar Hindu ta Banaras cikin haɗari. Ya kuma yi zargin cewa tsarin sauraron jama'a na aikin ya lalace sosai kuma an hana mutanen yankin shiga cikin ɗakin sauraron jamaʼa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2014 |title=Water for Power: Irrigation Dam to be Used for Thermal Power- Drinking Water Supply of BHU, Agriculture, and Existence of Waterfalls at Risk |url=https://sandrp.wordpress.com/2014/03/20/water-for-power-irrigation-dam-to-be-used-for-thermal-power-drinking-water-supply-of-bhu-agriculture-and-existence-of-waterfalls-at-risk/ |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=South Asia Network on Dams Rivers and People, 20 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2014 |title=Power play at a Thermal Power Plant in Mirzapur |url=http://www.ejolt.org/2014/08/power-play-at-a-thermal-power-plant-in-mirzapur/ |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=EJOLT, 21 August 2014}}</ref> A cikin takardar bincike da VENHF ta buga a cikin wata mujallar kimiyya ta duniya mai budewa Present Environment and Sustainable Development of Walter na Gruyter a cikin fitowar ta Oktoba 2015, kamfanin ya gabatar da taswirar amfani da ƙasa na shafin aikin ya sabawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Geospatial Technology In Environmental Impact Assessments – Retrospective |url=http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/pesd.2015.9.issue-2/pesd-2015-0031/pesd-2015-0031.xml?format=INT |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Present Environment and Sustainable Development-Walter de Gruyter 18 October 2015}}</ref> Kotun Green ta Kasa, New Delhi ta soke izinin muhalli da aka ba aikin a cikin hukuncin da aka yi a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2016 a cikin wani al'amari da mambobin Vindhya Bachao Debadityo Sinha, Shiva Kumar Upadhyaya da Mukesh Kumar suka gabatar. Gidan yanar gizon Vindhya Bachao yana da tashar Mirzapur Thermal Power Plant Resource Page tare da albarkatun bayanai masu yawa game da aikin, gami da rahotanni na ziyarar shafin, minti na tarurrukan MoEF da ke tattauna aikin, asusun zanga-zangar, da takardun da Welspun Energy ta gabatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Welspun Energy Mirzapur power station |url=http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Welspun_Energy_Mirzapur_power_station |access-date=2015-12-14 |publisher=sourcewatch.org}}</ref> ==== Ruwan ruwa na Kanhar ==== Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan ya fallasa haramtacciyar doka a cikin tsabtace muhalli da kuma tsabtace gandun daji da ke kewaye da aikin madatsar ruwan Kanhar mai rikitarwa a Gundumar Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh a kan Kogin Kanhar. Bayanan da Vindhya Bachao ya tattara ta amfani da Dokar Hakkin Bayanai, 2005 shine tushen kalubalantar gina madatsar ruwan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2014 |title=Kanhar Project in UP: Another unwanted dam |url=https://sandrp.wordpress.com/2014/12/29/kanhar-project-in-up-another-unwanted-dam/ |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, 29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Neglected And Unprotected |url=http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/magazines/conservation/10065-neglected-and-unprotected.html |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Sanctuary Asia |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222111110/http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/magazines/conservation/10065-neglected-and-unprotected.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mambobin Vindhya Bachao da People's Union for Civil Liberties sun kalubalanci aikin a Kotun Green ta Kasa, New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2015 |title=Abandoned dams; abandoned people |url=http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/abandoned-dams-abandoned-people |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=India Water Portal, 19 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2015 |title=Why villagers protesting against UP dam project are living in fear |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/why-villagers-protesting-against-up-dam-project-are-living-in-fear/story-uKHKOyg0lPP7qS1W167tlN.html |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Hindustan Times, 17 May 2015}}</ref> Ginin madatsar ruwan ya kasance daga baya ta Kotun Green ta Kasa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2015 |title=छत्तीसगढ़ सीमा पर संगीनों के साए में कनहर बांध का निर्माण |url=http://naidunia.jagran.com/chhattisgarh/raipur-kanhar-dam-making-start-in-chhattisgarh-border-279906-1 |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Nai Duniya, 3 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Uttar Pradesh police opens fire on anti-Kanhar dam protestors |url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/uttar-pradesh-police-opens-fire-on-antikanhar-dam-protestors-49391 |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Down to Earth, 14 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=India: police shoot eight indigenous protestors against illegal dam |url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2831366/india_police_shoot_eight_indigenous_protestors_against_illegal_dam.html |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=The Ecologist, 15 April 2015}}</ref> Babban Sakatare gwamnatin [[Chhattisgarh]] a watan Afrilun 2015 ya lura da rashin daidaito da Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan ya nuna kuma ya nemi gwamnatin Uttar Pradesh ta dakatar da ginin har sai an kammala binciken da diyya ga kauyukan da abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Chhattisgarh farmers' interests will be protected: Dr.Raman Singh : Kanhar dam construction on Uttar Pradesh border |url=http://cmo.cg.gov.in/hindi/user/News_Updates.aspx?guid=4486 |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=The Chief Minister's Office, Chhattisgarh, 30 April 2015 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703142845/http://cmo.cg.gov.in/hindi/user/News_Updates.aspx?guid=4486 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kotun Green ta Kasa ta zartar da hukuncin karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2015 inda ta ci gaba da yin wani sabon gini amma ta ba da izinin ginin da aka riga aka fara. Kotun ta kuma kafa kwamiti mai girma a karkashin shugabancin Babban Mai Kula da dazuzzuka, Uttar Pradesh don bayar da rahoto game da hanyoyin da aka bayar a cikin hukunci.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Final Judgment: Om Dutt Singh & Anr versus State of U.P. & Ors |url=http://greentribunal.gov.in/Writereaddata/Downloads/521-2014(PB-I-Judg)OA7-5-2015.pdf |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=National Green Tribunal Website, 7 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=Kanhar Irrigation Project: A lot invested, can't stop work now, says NGT |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/kanhar-irrigation-project-a-lot-invested-cant-stop-work-now-says-ngt/ |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Indian Express, 8 May 2015}}</ref> Membobin sun shigar da takardar neman izini game da hukuncin da kotun ta zartar, bayan haka kotun ta ba da umarni a ranar 7 ga Yulin 2015 cewa "An zubar da wannan aikace-aikacen tare da lura cewa a kan gabatar da rahoton ta Babban Kwamitin Mai Kula da Kwarewa; wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Hukuncin Kotun, Kotun za ta ba da ƙarin umarni bayan ta saurari bangarorin game da duk batutuwan kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin Hukuncin ciki har da Yanayin Muhalli da Yankin daji". Kotun ta hanyar umarnin da aka ba da aka gabatar da rahoton ranar 21 ga Babban Mai Kula da shi ba da shi ba a cikin Babban Mai Kulawa na gandun daji ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Order: Om Dutt Singh & Anr versus State of U.P. & Ors |url=http://greentribunal.gov.in/Writereaddata/Downloads/14-2015(PB-I)RA7-7-2015.pdf |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=National Green Tribunal Website, 7 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Order: Om Dutt Singh & Anr versus State of U.P. & Ors |url=http://greentribunal.gov.in/Writereaddata/Downloads/14-2015(PB-I)OA21-9-2015.pdf |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=National Green Tribunal Website, 21 September 2015}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin labaran da Vindhya Bachao Abhiyan ya buga a tashar ta a watan Disamba na 2015 ya bayyana cewa masu shigar da kara ba su gamsu da rahoton da kwamitin ya gabatar ba kuma sun yi zargin cewa gwamnatin jihar ta keta hukuncin da kotun ta yanke a cikin umarnin 7 ga Mayu 2015<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2015 |title=Kanhar Dam: Petitioners Unsatisfied with the High Level Committee Report, NGT calls PCCF-U.P. to present before court |url=http://vindhyabachao.org/activities/environment/272-kanhar-dam-petitioners-unsatisfied-by-the-high-level-committee-report-ngt-calls-pccf-u-p-to-present-before-court |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=Vindhya Bachao Website, 10 December 2015}}</ref> Gidan yanar gizon Vindhya Bachao yana da wani tashar Kanhar Dam Resource Page don raba sabbin sabuntawa game da shari'ar Kanhar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=India: police shoot eight indigenous protestors against illegal dam |url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2831366/india_police_shoot_eight_indigenous_protestors_against_illegal_dam.html |access-date=2015-12-13 |publisher=The Ecologist, 15 April 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pflpu5gj3zl3o0h72529or9e63xaf2i 0 109520 966097 834216 2026-10-11T08:15:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966097 wikitext text/x-wiki   A ranar 10 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1979 ne aka kafa gidauniya ta juyin juya halin Musulunci (Persian: بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی) bisa umarnin Ruhollah Khumaini don samar da gidaje ga marasa galihu da kuma daukar nauyin raya kauyukan kasar da gina gidaje na birane cikin tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare na Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran. . <ref name="bme1">{{Cite web |title=پیام به ملت ایران (افتتاح حساب شماره 100) - صحیفه امام خمینی جلد 6 صفحه 518 تا 520 - سایت جامع امام خمینی رحمة الله علیه |trans-title= |url=http://emam.com/posts/view/1449 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="bme4">{{Cite web |title=معرفی بنیاد مسکن - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://bme.ir/Pages/Introduction.aspx |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134937/https://bme.ir/Pages/Introduction.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bme5"> {{Cite web |title=21 فروردین؛ سالروز تاسیس بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی _ خبرگزاری صدا و سیما |trans-title= |url=https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/3071397/21-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa}} </ref> == Dokar == Majalisar Shawarar Musulunci ta amince da dokar kafa gidauniya ta juyin juya halin Musulunci a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1987. Majalisar ta amince da wannan doka a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1987, kuma a cikin wasika mai lamba 1/5601 mai kwanan wata 6 ga Janairu, 1988, shugaban kasa na lokacin ya ba da umarnin zartarwa..<ref name="bme7">{{Cite web |title=اساسنامه - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://bme.ir/Pages/Statute.aspx |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="bme8">{{Cite web |title=مرکز پژوهشها - اساسنامه بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/91450 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621152813/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/91450 |archive-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ma'anar da manufar === Babi na Ɗaya na Dokar: ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta [[Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci]]'', wanda aka kira a takaice Gidauniyan a cikin dokar, shine cibiyar juyin Juyahalin Musulunci ta Musulunci, wacce aka kafa ta hanyar umarnin Babban Jagoran juyin Juyin Juyin Musulunci, [[Khomeini|Ruhollah Khomeini]], don samar da gidaje ga marasa galihu, musamman mazauna ƙauyuka, a cikin tsarin manufofi da shirye-shiryen gwamnati.<ref name="bme9">{{Cite web |title=اساسنامه بنياد مسكن انقلاب اسلامي - وزارت راه و شهرسازی جمهوری اسلامی ایران |trans-title= |url=https://www.mrud.ir/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134838/https://www.mrud.ir/%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babi na Biyu na Dokar: <ref name="bme10">{{Cite web |title=‌اساسنامه بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی - مجلس شورای اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://www.parliran.ir/majles/fa/Content/_/4021-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134838/https://www.parliran.ir/majles/fa/Content/_/4021-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bme11">{{Cite web |title=بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی - پایگاه خبری رسمی بلاغ |trans-title= |url=https://www.balagh.ir/content/6264 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Nazari da nazari a fannin tantancewa da tantance bukatun matsuguni na karkara da birni, da samar da hanyoyin aiwatar da shi tare da sa hannu, hadin gwiwa da taimakon kai na jama'a da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Shirye-shiryen gidaje masu arha da rukunin gidaje da waɗanda aka aiwatar kai tsaye ko tare da sa hannun jama'a tare da haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwar hukumomin da abin ya shafa a cikin karkara da birane. Shirye-shiryen filaye da ake buƙata don tsare-tsare da ayyuka na tushe da kuma rage waɗancan filaye. Taimakawa wajen samar da kayan gini na kasar ta hanyar samarwa, samarwa, rarrabawa. Kula da yadda ake biyan da lamunin Qard al-Hasan na gidaje na karkara da masu arha, waɗanda ake samarwa daga albarkatun kuɗi da tsarin banki na ƙasar. Shirya manyan tsare-tsare na inganta tituna a kauyuka, tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin da abin ya shafa da aiwatar da shi tare da halartar jama'a daga kudaden da gwamnati ta amince da su. Shirye-shiryen da gabatar da tsare-tsaren da suka wajaba don sake ginawa da gyare-gyaren yankunan karkara da yaƙe-yaƙe, ambaliya, girgizar ƙasa da sauran bala'o'i suka lalace da aiwatar da su tare da halartar jama'a da haɗin kai tare da ƙungiyoyi da hukumomin da abin ya shafa. === Ginshiƙai === Babi na Uku na Dokar; Ginshiƙan Gidajen Gidajen Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci sune: <ref name="bme7"/><ref name="bme12">{{Cite web |title=اساسنامه بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی استان تهران |trans-title= |url=http://www.bmtehran.com/default.aspx?PID=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134838/http://www.bmtehran.com/default.aspx?PID=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ; A - Majalisar Tsakiya ; B - Masu Kula ; C - Masu Bincike * Majalisar tsakiya, a matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta Foundation, tana da mambobi biyar a cikin tsari mai zuwa: A- Malami (Wakilin Jagora idan aka nada). B- Wakilin Gwamnati (Ministan Hanya da Raya Birane). C- Injiniyoyin injiniya guda uku da ƙwararrun gine-gine da tsara birane waɗanda mutane biyun da ke sama suka zaɓa. Limamin, dan majalisar tsakiya, baya ga ayyukansa na mamba, zai kasance da alhakin gudanar da ayyukan gidauniyar kamar yadda shari'ar Musulunci ta tanada. Ministan hanyoyi da raya birane, a matsayinsa na wakilin gwamnati, baya ga ayyukan zama mamba a majalisar, zai kasance yana bin majalissar bisa iyakokin ikonsa. Daya daga cikin mambobin majalisar tsakiya ne majalisar tsakiya za ta zaba na tsawon shekaru hudu a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban gidauniyar kuma mafi kololuwar hukumar gudanarwar gidauniyar, kuma zabensa ba zai kawo cikas ba. Majalisar tsakiya za ta zabo sufeto biyu daga cikin kwararrun kwararru na wa’adin shekara guda, kuma zaben nasu bai taka kara ya karya ba.s ba. Babi na huɗu na Dokar: Dokokin Kudi da na gaba ɗaya; <ref name="bme13">{{Cite web |title=اساسنامه - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی آذربایجان شرقی |trans-title= |url=http://ea-bonyadmaskan.ir/?PageID=2 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134838/http://ea-bonyadmaskan.ir/?PageID=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bme14">{{Cite web |title=بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی استان قم - اساسنامه و مجموعه قوانین بنیاد مسکن |trans-title= |url=http://bmqom.ir/index.aspx?pageid=158 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kasafin kuɗi, kayan aiki da albarkatun kuɗi na ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' sune: # Lambar asusun 100 na [[Khomeini|Ruhollah Khomeini]] <ref name="bme15">{{Cite web |title=هدف امام خمینی از افتتاح حساب 100 بانک ملی |trans-title= |url=http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/c76_119583/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B4_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85/%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_100_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="bme1"/> # Kudin da tallafin da ba na kuɗi ba kamar ƙasa, dukiya, kayan gini, da dai sauransu waɗanda mutane, gwamnati da sauran cibiyoyi da hukumomi ke bayarwa. # Gudummawa daga Gidauniyar Mostazafan (wanda aka yi amfani da shi kawai don samar da gidaje ga matalauta da marasa galihu, kuma Gidauniyoyin Gidauniya na Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci suna aika da rahoton shekara-shekara game da ayyukan da aka gudanar daga kudaden da ke sama ga Gidauniwar Mostaza fan). # Gudanar da tallafin gwamnati, wanda aka haɗa a cikin kasafin kudin shekara-shekara na duk ƙasar. # Kudin shiga daga sayar da kayan gini na bita da masana'antu na ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' da rarraba kayan gini da samar da ayyukan fasaha.<ref name="bme16"> {{Cite web |title=مشروح مذاکرات مجلس شورای اسلامی به ریاست آیت الله هاشمی رفسنجانی ( دوره دوم – جلسه 479 ) |trans-title= |url=https://rafsanjani.ir/records/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD-%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%87-479 |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa}} </ref> * ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' ba ta biyan harajin samun kudin shiga da kuma samun kudin shiga daga shiga da harajin riba a cikin kamfanoni masu alaƙa. * ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' tana da halayyar shari'a kuma doka ta tushe tana wakiltar ta kuma tana iya nada wakilin ko lauya don gabatar da karar da korafe-korafe ko don duk wani mataki na shari'a da gabatar da shi ga hukumomin shari'a, gudanarwa, horo da rajista. * Don yin ayyukanta, ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' na iya samun rassa da ofisoshin wakilan a larduna, birane, da yankuna na kasar. == Wakilan ==   == Rassan == ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' tana da hedikwatar ta a [[Tehran]], da rassa 31 a cikin manyan biranen larduna da kuma rassa sama da 278 a cikin biranen kasar. Bugu da kari, hukumomin zartarwa guda bakwai suna da alhakin aiwatar da alhaki na musamman na Gidajen Gidaje dangane da ci gaban gidaje a birane da ƙauyuka da kungiyoyin masu karamin karfi da sake gina yankunan da bala'i suka shafa.<ref name="bme4"/><ref name="bme6">{{Cite web |title=بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی - نورمگز |trans-title= |url=https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/publisher/72/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526134847/https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/publisher/72/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Littattafai == ''Gidauniyar Gidauniya ta Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci'' tana da cibiyar bugawa wacce ta buga littattafai sama da 130 zuwa yanzu.<ref name="bme23">{{Cite web |title=کتابهای منتشر شده - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://bme.ir/Lists/PublishedBooksList/view.aspx |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526180431/https://bme.ir/Lists/PublishedBooksList/view.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidauniyar tana da mujallar kowane wata da ake kira Housing message (Persian) ma.<ref name="bme24">{{Cite web |title=پیام مسکن - بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی |trans-title= |url=https://bme.ir/Pages/PayamMaskan.aspx |access-date=26 May 2021 |language=fa |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526205009/https://bme.ir/Pages/PayamMaskan.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==   d7b95dl80eldu3spp35zopk1x2aqslb 0 109782 966039 695775 2026-10-11T02:55:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Gardnerpinnacles.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Gardner Pinnacles da aka yi wa ado da guano.]] [[Fayil:Hawaiianislandchain_USGS.png|thumb|Taswirar da ke nuna wurin Gardner Pinnacles a cikin Tsibirin tsibirin Hawaii.]] [[Fayil:Gardner_map_lrg.gif|thumb|Taswirar Gardner Pinnacles]] The '''Gardner Pinnacles''' ( Hawaiian ) wasu tsibirai ne guda biyu da bakararre dutsen da ke kewaye da reef kuma suna cikin tsibiran Hawai na Arewa maso yamma . '''Dutsen dutsen Pūhāhonu''' wanda ke da alhakin kololuwar yana da nisan mil {{Convert|511|nmi|km mi|0}} arewa maso yamma na [[Honolulu]] da {{Convert|108|mi|nmi km}} daga Faransa Frigate Shoals . Jimillar yanki na ƙananan tsibiran guda biyu, ragowar wani tsohon dutsen mai aman wuta, mafi girma a duniya, ya kai {{Convert|5.939|acre|m2}} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giuliani-Hoffman |first=Francesca |title=The largest volcano in the world sits beneath two small rocky peaks in Hawaii |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/25/us/puhahonu-largest-volcano-trnd-scn/index.html |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mafi girman tsayi shine {{Convert|170|ft|m}} . <ref name="Garcia2020">{{Cite journal |last=Garcia |first=Michael O. |last2=Tree |first2=Jonathan P. |last3=Wessel |first3=Paul |last4=Smith |first4=John R. |date=2020-07-15 |title=Pūhāhonu: Earth's biggest and hottest shield volcano |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |language=en |volume=542 |pages=116296 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116296 |issn=0012-821X |doi-access=free}}</ref> {{Efn|Garcia et. al. 2020{{rp|loc=1. Introduction}}}} Ruwan da ke kewaye yana da yanki fiye da {{Convert|1,904|km2|acre sqmi}} . An gano Gardner Pinnacles kuma an sanya musu suna a cikin 1820 ta jirgin ruwa na ''Maro'' . Tsibirin na iya zama ragowar ƙarshe na ɗayan manyan tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a Duniya.<ref name="soest.hawaii.edu">{{Cite web |title=SOEST researchers reveal largest and hottest shield volcano on Earth |url=https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/announce/news/uh-researchers-reveal-largest-and-hottest-shield-volcano-on-earth/}}</ref> Yana riƙe da rikodin mafi girma kuma mafi zafi.<ref name="Garcia2020"/> {{Efn|Garcia et. al. 2020{{rp|loc=Abstract}}}} == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Log_of_the_Kaalokai._(1909)_(14592257528).jpg|left|thumb|Hoton Gardner Pinnacles a cikin 1909]] An fara gano Gardner Pinnacles ne a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1820, ta hanyar mai kifi na Amurka ''Maro,'' wanda Kyaftin Joseph Allen ya umarce shi. A shekara ta 1859, matsayin Gardner Pinnacles ya ƙaddara ta hanyar binciken jirgin ruwa na USS <nowiki><i id="mwWA">Fenimore Cooper</i></nowiki> . <ref name="Clapp 1972 pp. 1–25">{{Cite journal |last=Clapp |first=Roger B. |year=1972 |title=The natural history of Gardner Pinnacles, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands |journal=Atoll Research Bulletin |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |volume=163 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.5479/si.00775630.163.1 |issn=0077-5630 |oclc=887851}}</ref> Gardner Pinnacles gida ne ga giant opihi (''Cellana talcosa''), wani limpet da aka sani a cikin [[Harshen Hawaiian|Hawaiian]] kamar 'opihi ko'ele, wanda ba a samu a ko'ina cikin duniya a waje da tsibirin Hawaiian. Kwari da yawa suna zaune a tsibirin.<ref name="FWS" /> A cikin 1903 Gardner Pinnacles ya zama wani ɓangare na Tsibirin Hawaiian Bird Reservation . <ref name="Clapp 1972 pp. 1–25"/> A shekara ta 1940 ya zama wani ɓangare na Tsibirin Hawaiian National Wildlife Refuge . <ref>{{Cite web |title=RogerClapp.pdf |url=https://georgehbalazs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GARDNER-PINNACLES_ARB_ }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin karni na 21 yana daga cikin mafakar namun daji ta Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.<ref name="Garcia2020"/> [a] An yi amfani da Gardner Pinnacles a matsayin wurin saukar helikofta na gaggawa don aikin HIRAN na Hawaii, ƙoƙari na ƙayyade wuraren tsibirai na yankin tare da cikakken daidaito don dalilai na kewayawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=King |first=Warren B. |date=March 1973 |title=Conservation Status of Birds of Central Pacific Islands |journal=The Wilson Bulletin |publisher=Wilson Ornithological Society |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=89–103 |jstor=4160286}}</ref> A cikin tsibirin Hawaiian, tsibirai / reefs da ke kusa da su sune Frigate Shoals na Faransa a kudu maso gabas, da [[Maro Reef]] a arewa maso yamma. == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Starr_990524-0854_Portulaca_lutea.jpg|thumb|Gardner Pinnacles]] [[Fayil:Starr_990524-0853_Portulaca_lutea.jpg|thumb|Gardner]] Tsibirin ya ƙunshi dutsen basalt, <ref name="Clapp 1972 pp. 1–25"/> wanda ya fito daga lava ya fashe tsakanin 14 da 12 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. <ref name="Garcia2020"/> {{Efn|Garcia et. al. 2020{{rp|loc=Conclusion}}}} Dutsen yana da duhu launin toka kuma mai yawa, <ref name="Clapp 1972 pp. 1–25" /> kuma yana da babban abun ciki mai zurfi wanda ke nuna tushen [[magma]] ya kasance a {{Convert|1703|±|56|C}} . <ref name="Garcia2020" /> {{Efn|Garcia et. al. 2020{{rp|loc=4.3. What caused Pūhāhonu's large volume?}}}} Dangane da rahoton 2020 a cikin Wasikun Kimiyya na Duniya da Duniya, Pūhāhonu ya ƙunshi kusan 150,000 kilomita (36,000 na dutse, bisa ga binciken sonar na 2014.<ref name="Garcia2020"/> {{Efn|Garcia et. al. 2020{{rp|loc=4.2. How massive is Pūhāhonu?}}}} Wannan zai sa ya zama dutsen wuta mafi girma a duniya. Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wannan ƙarar ne kawai aka fallasa a saman teku yayin da sauran aka binne su a ƙarƙashin zoben tarkace, murjani mai fashewa, da sauran kayan da suka lalace daga saman. Idan aka kwatanta, daga ƙarƙashin teku zuwa saman, Mauna Kea, a kan Babban Tsibirin Hawaii, shine mafi tsayi a cikin garkuwar dutse a Duniya, amma babu inda yake kusa da Pūhāhonu. Wani dutsen mai fitattun wuta a kan Babban Tsibirin shine Mauna Loa; binciken 2013 ya kiyasta girman Mauna Loan a 83,000 cubic kilomita (20,000 cu mi) wanda aka yi imanin ya zama overestimate.<ref name="Garcia2020" /> [e] Pūhāhonu yana da nauyi sosai, masu bincike sun lura, cewa ya sa ɓawon burodi na Duniya a kusa - kuma ta haka ne dutsen mai fitattun wuta da kansa - ya nutse daruruwan mita a cikin miliyoyin shekaru.<ref name="Science">{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Sid |date=2020-05-12 |title=World's biggest volcano is barely visible |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/world-s-biggest-volcano-barely-visible |access-date=2022-05-05 |website=Science |language=en}}</ref> Dutsen Puhahonu (Gardner) zai kasance sau biyu fiye da Mauna Loa bisa ga wannan binciken.<ref name="soest.hawaii.edu"/> {{Efn|The [[Tamu Massif]], a 4-kilometer-tall volcanic feature the size of the British Isles on the sea floor east of Japan, contains almost 7 million cubic kilometers of material and was once thought to be the world's largest shield volcano. But Tamu Massif is now believed to have formed along a [[mid-ocean ridge]] rather than over a single source of magma. That makes Pūhāhonu the largest known shield volcano on Earth.<ref name="Science"/>}} Dutsen Pūhāhonu da Yammacin Pūhōhonu sun samo asali ne daga Hotspot na Hawaii wanda ke ciyar da shi ta hanyar fure na Hawaii wanda yake da babban bugun magmatic a lokacin.<ref name="Garcia2020"/> [c] Tsakanin sautin magmatic ya samar da tsibirin Hawaiian.<ref name="Garcia2020" /> [c] Duwatsun teku guda biyar na Naifeh Chain zuwa arewacin Pūhāhonu suna da asalin tectonic daban-daban, kuma sun tsufa (Late Cretaceous). <ref name="Sotomayor2023">{{Cite journal |last=Sotomayor |first=A. |last2=Balbas |first2=A. |last3=Konrad |first3=K. |last4=Koppers |first4=A. A. |last5=Konter |first5=J. G. |last6=Wanless |first6=V. D. |last7=Hourigan |first7=T. F. |last8=Kelley |first8=C. |last9=Raineault |first9=N. |year=2023 |title=New insights into the age and origin of two small Cretaceous seamount chains proximal to the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge |journal=Geosphere |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=383–405 |doi=10.1130/GES02580.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A wani lokaci an yi la'akari da cewa suna da alaƙa da dutsen wuta na Pūhāhonu saboda dutsen wuta, wanda ba zai iya zama lamarin ba, saboda sabon bambancin shekarun da aka ƙayyade.<ref name="Sotomayor2023" /> == Muhalli == Tsibirin yana da tsire-tsire guda ɗaya da aka sani da girma a ciki, tsire-tire masu tsami.<ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov">{{Cite web |title=Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument |url=https://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/visit/gardner.html |website=www.papahanaumokuakea.gov}}</ref> Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da goma sha biyu da aka lura a nan, da yawa suna yin gida.<ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov" /> Har ila yau, akwai nau'ikan kwari iri-iri a tsibirin.<ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov" /> A cikin ruwan da ke kewaye da shi akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan teku, wanda aka lura da shi azaman wurin zama ga limpet, babban ophi wanda ke zaune a yankunan ruwa na tsibirin dutse.<ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov"/> Akwai nau'ikan kifi da coral da yawa a cikin ruwan da ke kusa.<ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov" /> Yawancin tsuntsaye sun rufe wurare da yawa na tsibirin a cikin guano, suna ba shi fararen bayyanar.<ref name="Clapp 1972 pp. 1–25"/> Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan kifi a cikin ruwan da ke kusa sun haɗa da Red lip parrotfish, doublebar goatfish, da reef triggerfish.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gardner Pinnacles - Hawaiian Islands - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Hawaiian_Islands/about/Gardner_Pinnacles.html}}</ref> == Sunan == Sunan Gardner ya fito ne daga bincikensa a cikin 1820, lokacin da Kyaftin Joseph Allen na jirgin ''Maro'' ya ba shi suna Gardner's Island . <ref name="papahanaumokuakea.gov"/> Sun kuma gano Maro Reef, wanda aka sanya masa suna saboda wannan jirgin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument |url=https://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/visit/maro.html |website=www.papahanaumokuakea.gov}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana kiranta Gardner Rock ko Gardner Island, ban da Gardner Pinnacles . <ref>{{Cite web |year=1909 |title=Log of the Kaalokai |url=https://archive.org/stream/logofkaalokai00walk/logofkaalokai00walk#page/n35/mode/1up}}</ref> Sunan Hawaiian, ''''Puha'''', yana nufin 'tsuntsu don iska', daga pūhā 'don numfashi a farfajiya' da ''honu'' 'tsuntsuwa'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi |url=https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-puhahonu--00-4-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=P%C5%ABh%C4%81honu&fqv=textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED |website=wehewehe.org}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> b1kfmo1c4be4r02srvx1q2m3szyimth 0 112319 966040 694818 2026-10-11T03:04:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Greenwich Village|settlement_type=[[Neighborhoods in Manhattan|Neighborhood]]|image_alt=|image_skyline=Greenwich Village (27483343909).jpg|imagesize=280px|image_caption=Bird's eye view of Greenwich Village, facing south towards the [[Lower Manhattan]] [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|skyline]] in 2017|nickname=|image_map={{maplink|frame=y|plain=y|frame-align=center|zoom=12|type=shape|from=Neighbourhoods/New York City/Greenwich Village.map}}|map_alt=|map_caption=Location in New York City|coordinates={{Coord|40|44|01|N|74|00|10|W|type:city_region:US-NY|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{Flag|United States}}|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_name1={{Flag|New York}}|subdivision_type2=City|subdivision_name2=[[New York City]]|subdivision_type3=[[Boroughs of New York City|Borough]]|subdivision_name3=[[Manhattan]]|subdivision_type4=[[Community boards of Manhattan|Community District]]|subdivision_name4=[[Manhattan Community Board 2|Manhattan 2]]<ref name="NYCPlanning">{{cite web |title=NYC Planning {{!}} Community Profiles |url=https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/2 |website=communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov |publisher=New York City Department of City Planning |access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref>|named_for=Groenwijck (Green District)|area_total_sq_mi=0.289|area_footnotes=<ref name="stats">{{cite web |title=Greenwich Village neighborhood in New York |url=http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Greenwich-Village-New-York-NY.html |access-date=March 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917153923/http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Greenwich-Village-New-York-NY.html |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|population_footnotes=<ref name="stats"/>|population_total=22,785|population_as_of=|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=auto|population_demonym=Villager|population_note=|demographics_type1=Economics|demographics1_footnotes=<ref name="stats"/>|demographics1_title1=[[Median household income|Median income]]|demographics1_info1=$119,728|timezone1=[[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern]]|utc_offset1=−5|timezone1_DST=[[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]|utc_offset1_DST=−4|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]s|postal_code=10003, 10011, 10012, 10014<ref name="stats"/>|area_code_type=[[Telephone numbering plan|Area codes]]|area_code=[[Area codes 212, 646, and 332|212, 332, 646]], and [[Area code 917|917]] {{Infobox NRHP | name = Greenwich Village Historic District | embed = yes | nrhp_type = hd | image = 453-461 Sixth Avenue.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = 453–461 Sixth Avenue in the Historic District | location = Boundaries:<br />'''north:''' W 14th St; '''south:''' Houston St; '''west:''' Hudson River; '''east:''' Broadway | coordinates = {{coord|40|44|2|N|74|0|4|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark|display=inline|format=dec}} | locmapin = United States Manhattan#USA New York City#USA New York#USA | architecture = various | added = June 19, 1979 | governing_body = | refnum = 79001604<ref>{{NRISref |refnum=79001604|2009a|dateform=mdy}}</ref> | designated_other2_name = New York City Landmark | designated_other2_date = '''initial district:''' April 29, 1969<br />'''extension:''' May 2, 2006<br />'''second extension:''' June 22, 2010 | designated_other2_abbr = NYCL | designated_other2_link = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission | designated_other2_color = #FFE978 | nocat = yes }}}}{{Databox}} '''Kauyen Greenwich''', [ pron 1 ] ko kuma kawai '''ƙauyen''', ƙauye ne a gefen yamma na [[Lower Manhattan]] a cikin birnin New York, mai iyaka da titin 14th zuwa arewa, Broadway zuwa gabas, titin Houston zuwa kudu, da Kogin Hudson zuwa yamma. Kauyen Greenwich kuma ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa, gami da ƙauyen yamma yamma da titin Seventh da gundumar Meatpacking a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Kauyen Greenwich. Sunansa ya fito daga ''Groenwijck'', Yaren mutanen Holland don "Green District". <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2014 |title=NYPL Map Division, Greenwich Village |url=http://nyplmaps.tumblr.com/post/31144667834/greenwich-village-sapokanikan-noortwijck |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405231106/http://nyplmaps.tumblr.com/post/31144667834/greenwich-village-sapokanikan-noortwijck |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |access-date=January 27, 2015 |publisher=Nyplmaps.tumblr.com}}</ref> {{Efn|During the period of Dutch control over the area, the Village was called {{lang|nl|Noortwyck}} ("Northern District", because of its location north of [[New Amsterdam|the original settlement on Manhattan Island]]). (The colony of New Netherland was [[Conquest of New Netherland|captured by English forces in 1664]].) Dutch colonist Yellis Mandeville, who moved to the Village in the 1670s, called it ''Groenwijck'' after the settlement on [[Long Island]], where he previously lived.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Manhattan/greenwich-village.html |title=Greenwich Village |publisher=nnp.org |access-date=December 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317042749/http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Manhattan/greenwich-village.html |archive-date=March 17, 2007 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>}} A cikin karni na 20, an san ƙauyen Greenwich a matsayin wurin shakatawa na masu fasaha, babban birnin bohemian, matattarar motsi na LGBTQ na zamani, da wurin haifuwar Gabas ta Gabas na Beat Generation da counterculture na 1960s . Kauyen Greenwich ya ƙunshi Park Park na Washington, da biyu na kwalejoji masu zaman kansu na New York City, Jami'ar New York (NYU) da Sabuwar Makaranta . <ref name="nyu1">{{Cite web |title=Campus Map |url=http://www.nyu.edu/footer/map.html |access-date=October 31, 2013 |publisher=[[New York University]]}}</ref> <ref name="nyu2">{{Cite web |title=New York Campus |url=http://www.nyu.edu/admissions/undergraduate-admissions/learn-at-nyu/a-global-network/new-york-campus.html |access-date=October 31, 2013 |publisher=New York University}}</ref> A cikin shekarun baya an danganta shi da hipsters . Kauyen Greenwich wani yanki ne na gundumar Manhattan Community 2, kuma yanki na 6 na Sashen [[NYPD|'yan sanda na birnin New York]] ne ke sintiri. Kauyen Greenwich ya sami ginshiƙi mai yawa da tallace-tallace; Lambobin ZIP guda huɗu waɗanda suka haɗa ƙauyen - 10011, 10012, 10003, da 10014 - duk sun kasance cikin mafi tsada a cikin Amurka ta farashin gidaje na tsaka-tsaki a cikin 2014, bisa ga ''Forbes'', tare da farashin siyar da kadarorin zama a cikin ƙauyen Yammacin Amurka {{Cvt|2,100|$/ft2|$/m2}} a cikin 2017. == Geography == === Iyakoki === [[Fayil:Macdougal_Street_and_Minetta_Lane_street_scene_NYC.jpg|left|thumb|Titin MacDougal a cikin Kauyen Greenwich]] Yankin yana iyaka da [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] zuwa gabas, [[North River (Hudson River)|Kogin Arewa]] (bangaren [[Hudson River|Kogin Hudson]] ) zuwa yamma, [[Houston Street|titin Houston]] zuwa kudu, da [[14th Street (Manhattan)|titin 14th]] zuwa arewa. Yana da kusanci a kan [[Washington Square Park]] da [[New York University|Jami'ar New York]] . Kusa da Kauyen Greenwich akwai unguwannin [[NoHo, Manhattan|NoHo]] da [[East Village, Manhattan|Kauyen Gabas]] a gabas, [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]] da [[Hudson Square]] a kudu, da [[Chelsea, Manhattan|Chelsea]] da [[Union Square, Manhattan|Union Square]] a arewa. Ƙauyen Gabas an taɓa ɗaukarsa wani ɓangare na [[Lower East Side|Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya]] kuma ba a taɓa ɗaukar wani yanki na Kauyen Greenwich ba. Yankin yammacin Greenwich Village da ake kira [[West Village, Manhattan|West Village]] ; Ana muhawara akan raba layin iyakarta na gabas amma yawanci ana ambaton shi azaman [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]] ko [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Sixth Avenue]] . Ƙauyen Far West wani yanki ne na ƙauyen Greenwich wanda ke kan iyaka da yamma ta Kogin Hudson kuma gabas ta hanyar [[Hudson Street (Manhattan)|Hudson Street]] . A farkon karni na 20, Greenwich Village ya bambanta daga babban yanki na Washington Square - bisa babban alamar filin Washington Square Park <ref>{{Cite web |title=Village History |url=http://www.gvshp.org/history.htm |access-date=January 5, 2008 |publisher=The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gold|1988}}</ref> ko Empire Ward a cikin karni na 19. ''Encyclopædia Britannica ''' s 1956 labarin kan "New York (City)" ya furta (a ƙarƙashin taken "Greenwich Village") cewa iyakar kudancin ƙauyen shine titin Spring, yana nuna fahimtar farko. A yau, titin Spring ya mamaye na zamani, sabon ƙirar unguwar SoHo, yayin da ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' na zamani ya ambaci iyakar kudu a matsayin titin Houston. <ref>{{Cite web |title=neighbourhood, New York City, New York, United States |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Greenwich-Village |access-date=July 3, 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> === Tsarin Grid === [[Fayil:West_4th_and_West_12th_Intersection.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Mahadar Titin Yamma 4th da West 12th]] [[Fayil:W_10_St_and_W_4_St_–_cropped.jpeg|left|thumb|250x250px|Alamomin titi a mahadar titin Yamma 10th da West 4th]] Kamar yadda Kauyen Greenwich ya kasance ƙauye, keɓaɓɓen [[Hamlet (New York)|ƙauye]] zuwa arewacin ƙauyen Turai na ƙarni na 17 a [[Manhattan Island|Tsibirin Manhattan]], tsarin titinsa ya fi halitta fiye da tsarin grid ɗin da aka tsara na [[Grid plan|shirin grid]] na ƙarni na 19 (dangane da [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|Tsarin Kwamishinonin na 1811]] ). An ba da izinin Kauyen Greenwich don kiyaye tsarin titi na karni na 18 na abin da ake kira West Village a yanzu: yankunan da aka riga aka gina a lokacin da aka aiwatar da shirin, yammacin abin da ke [[Greenwich Avenue]] da kuma [[Sixth Avenue (Manhattan)|Avenue na shida]], ya haifar da wata unguwa wanda tituna suka bambanta sosai, a cikin shimfidawa, daga tsarin da aka ba da umarni na sababbin sassa na Manhattan. <ref name="fny1999092">{{Cite web |last=Walsh, Kevin |date=November 1999 |title=The Street Necrology of Greenwich Village |url=http://forgotten-ny.com/1999/09/greenwich-village-necrology/ |access-date=August 17, 2015 |website=[[Forgotten NY]]}}</ref> Yawancin titunan unguwar ƴan ƙunƙun ne kuma wasu suna lanƙwasa a kusurwoyi marasa kyau. Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ƙara wa duka halayen tarihi da fara'a na unguwar. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda titin Greenwich mai ma'ana ya kasance a bakin tekun Hudson River, yawancin unguwannin yamma da titin Greenwich suna kan zubar shara, amma har yanzu suna bin tsohuwar grid. <ref name="fny199909">{{Cite web |last=Walsh, Kevin |date=November 1999 |title=The Street Necrology of Greenwich Village |url=http://forgotten-ny.com/1999/09/greenwich-village-necrology/ |access-date=August 17, 2015 |website=[[Forgotten NY]]}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tsawaita Hanyoyi na shida da na Bakwai a farkon karni na 20, an gina su kai tsaye zuwa tsarin titin da ake da su, kuma yawancin tsofaffi, ƙananan tituna dole ne a rushe. <ref name="fny199909" /> === Wakilin siyasa === A siyasance, kauyen Greenwich yana cikin gundumar majalisa ta 10 na New York . Har ila yau, yana cikin gunduma ta 25 ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar New York, gundumar 66th na Majalisar Jihar New York, da gunduma ta 3 na Majalisar Birnin New York . == Tarihi == === Shekarun farko === [[Fayil:Greenwich_Village_map_circa_1760_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16907.jpg|right|thumb|288x288px|Taswirar tsohon kauyen Greenwich. Wani sashe na taswirar Bernard Ratzer na New York da kewayenta, an yi {{Circa|1766}} don Henry Moore, gwamnan sarauta na New York, lokacin da Greenwich ke da nisan mil 2 (kilomita 3) daga birnin.]] A cikin karni na 16, [[Lenape]] yayi magana zuwa kusurwar arewa mafi nisa, ta bakin kogin Hudson a titin Gansevoort na yau, kamar [[Sapokanikan]] ("filin taba"). Mutanen Holland da ’yan Afirka da suka bautar sun share ƙasar kuma suka mai da su makiyaya, waɗanda suka sanya wa mazauninsu suna {{Lang|nl|Noortwyck}} (kuma an rubuta {{Lang|nl|Noortw[[IJ (digraph)|ij]]<nowiki />ck}}, "Arewa Gundumar", daidai da ' Northwich /Northwick'). A cikin 1630s, Gwamna [[Wouter van Twiller]] ya noma taba akan {{Cvt|200|acre|km2}} a nan a "Gona a cikin Dazuzzuka". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gold|1988}}</ref> Turawan Ingila sun ci matsugunin Dutch na [[New Netherland]] a cikin 1664, kuma ƙauyen Greenwich ya haɓaka a matsayin ƙauye daban-daban daga babban birnin New York zuwa kudu akan ƙasa wanda a ƙarshe zai zama [[Financial District, Manhattan|Gundumar Kuɗi]] . A cikin 1644, 'yan Afirka goma sha ɗaya na Dutch mazauna yankin sun sami 'yanci rabin 'yanci bayan zanga-zangar baƙar fata ta farko a Amurka. {{Efn|The eleven freed Blacks were [[Paulo d'Angola]], Big Manuel, Little Manuel, Manuel de Gerrit de Rens, Simon Congo, Anthony Portuguese. Gracia, Peter Santome, John Francisco, Little Anthony and John Fort Orange.<ref name="Asbury 1977"/>}} Duk sun karɓi fakitin filaye a ƙauyen Greenwich a yanzu, a yankin da aka fi sani da [[Land of the Blacks (Manhattan)|Ƙasar Baƙar fata]] . === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> hnadav8ixbjte26frfsvtqreh9mboiw 0 113163 965800 697194 2026-10-10T14:08:34Z HK RIGASA2 28228 /* Yanayi */ 965800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hallett Peak''' ( Arapaho : '''''Bonoh'oooonoteyoo''''' ') [[Tsauni|babban]] koli ne na tsaunuka a Arewacin Gaban Gaban Dutsen Rocky na [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] . {{Convert|12720|ft|0}} kololuwa yana cikin Dutsen Dutsen National Park Wilderness, {{Convert|16.2|km}} kudu maso yamma ta yamma ( mai ɗauke da 240°) na Garin Estes Park, [[Colorado]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], akan Rarraba Nahiyar tsakanin Grand da Larimer County . == Dutsen == Hallett Peak yana kan Rarraba Nahiyar, gefen Flattop Mountain zuwa arewa da Otis Peak a kudu. Kawai zuwa gabas ɗinsa yana kwance tafkin Emerald, tafkin Dream, da tafkin Nymph, samun damar zuwa wanda yawanci yake daga tashar Ta'aziyyar Tekun Bear . <ref name="Green">Stewart M. Green '''Rock Climbing Colorado''', Chockstone, Falcon, Helena, MO, '''1995'''; {{ISBN|1-56044-334-0}}.</ref> ''Hanyar Northcutt-Carter'' na Hallett Peak an gane shi a cikin rubutun hawan tarihi ''na hawan hamsin hamsin na Arewacin Amirka'' . <ref name="Green">Stewart M. Green '''Rock Climbing Colorado''', Chockstone, Falcon, Helena, MO, '''1995'''; {{ISBN|1-56044-334-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-56044-334-0|<bdi>1-56044-334-0</bdi>]].</ref> Masu hawan dutsen da ba fasaha ba na iya isa kololuwar Hallett Peak ta hanyar hawan Tudun Flattop zuwa babban wurinsa, sannan su yi tafiya kudu tare da tudu da hawan kololuwar kan tulin talus. == Etymology == Sunan dutsen don William L. Hallett (1856-1947), fitaccen mai hawan dutse kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Dutsen Rocky . Hallett ya isa yankin Estes Park a matsayin matashin injiniya mai horar da MIT a hutu a Shekaran 1878. Ya zama mai sha'awar yankin kuma ya yanke shawarar zama, kuma ya zama mai kiwon dabbobi da ke Loveland, Colorado. An karɓo sunan dutsen a hukumance a cikin Shekaran 1932 ta Hukumar kasar Amurka akan Sunayen Geographic . A cikin harshen Arapaho dutsen ana kiransa bonoh'oooonoteyoo' ko Thunder Peak. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=Colorado Places: Their Native American Names |url=https://www.colorado.edu/cnais/resources/colorado-places-their-native-american-names |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Center for Native American and Indigenous Studies (CNAIS) |language=en}}</ref> == Yanayi == Bisa ga tsarin [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|rarraba yanayi na Köppen]], Hallett Peak yana cikin yankin [[Yanayi na Subarctic|yanayi mai tsayi]] mai tsayi tare da sanyi, lokacin sanyi, da sanyi zuwa lokacin zafi. <ref name="Peel2">{{Cite journal |last=Peel, M. C. |last2=Finlayson, B. L. |last3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issn=1027-5606}}</ref> Saboda tsayinsa, yana samun hazo duk shekara, kamar dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sanyi da kuma kamar tsawa a lokacin rani, tare da lokacin bushewa a ƙarshen bazara. == Gallery == <div style="max-width: 500px;"><gallery mode="slideshow"> Fayil:Otis,_Hallett,_Flattop.jpg|alt=Otis Peak (left), Hallett Peak (center), Flattop Mountain (right)| Otis Peak (hagu), Hallett Peak (tsakiya), Dutsen Flattop (dama) Fayil:Dream_Lake.jpg|alt=Looking west over Dream Lake. Hallett Peak is on the left with the dramatic cliff band and prominent point.| Neman yamma a kan Dream Lake . Hallett Peak yana gefen hagu tare da rukunin dutse mai ban mamaki da fitaccen batu. Fayil:Bierstadt_Lake,_Rocky_Mountain_National_Park,_USA.jpg|alt=A view from Bierstadt Lake. Hallett Peak is at the center, flanked on the left by Otis Peak, with Flattop Mountain and Ptarmigan Point on the right.| Duba daga tafkin Bierstadt . Hallett Peak yana tsakiyar, gefen hagu ta Otis Peak, tare da Dutsen Flattop da Ptarmigan Point a dama. Fayil:Otis_Peak_and_Hallett_Peak.jpg|alt=Otis Peak (left) and Hallett Peak from northeast| Otis Peak (hagu) da Hallett Peak daga arewa maso gabas </gallery></div> == Manazarta == 5zxjyhswd1gk31z0og3sdtq2coyl67g 0 114748 965796 744497 2026-10-10T14:01:55Z HK RIGASA2 28228 Daura hoto 965796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Barrister Sunusi musa.jpg|thumb|Gogaggen Lauyan kare hakkin Dan Adam]] '''Sunusi Musa''', {{Small|[[Senior Advocate of Nigeria|SAN]]}} (an haife shi a shekarar 1978) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin ƴan adam ne daga Najeriya, [[lauya]], kuma [[ɗan siyasa]]. An san shi da aikinsa a shari'o'i daban-daban da kuma shigar sa cikin ƙungiyoyin siyasa a Najeriya. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Human rights advocate, Sunusi Musa, 61 others confirmed as SANs - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/human-rights-advocate-sanusi-musa-61-others-confirmed-as-san/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=dailytrust.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Musa a Jihar Kano, Najeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Gwale daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1994. Daga nan ya shiga Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Jihar Kano, inda ya kammala a shekarar 1997. Musa ya samu difloma a fannin shari'a daga Kano State Polytechnic a shekarar 2000. Ya samu digiri na farko a fannin shari'a (Hons) (LLB) daga Jami'ar Bayero, Kano a shekara ta 2005, sannan ya kammala Makarantar koyon aikin lauya a shekarar 2006 inda ya zama lauya (BL). Musa ya ci gaba da karatunsa inda ya samu Digiri na PGDE daga Jami'ar Maiduguri a shekarar 2009 da kuma Masters a fannin Tsarin Shari'a daga Jami'an Benin a shekarar 2016. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Human rights advocate, Sunusi Musa, 61 others confirmed as SANs - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/human-rights-advocate-sanusi-musa-61-others-confirmed-as-san/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=dailytrust.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://dailytrust.com/human-rights-advocate-sanusi-musa-61-others-confirmed-as-san/ "Human rights advocate, Sunusi Musa, 61 others confirmed as SANs - Daily Trust"]. ''dailytrust.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Musa shine mai gidan lauya na Aliyu & Musa Legal Practitioners and Consultants, wata cibiyar lauya da ta gudanar da shari’u iri-iri a kotunan gargajiya da kuma gaban kwamitocin shari’a na musamman. Ya jagoranci kungiyoyin lauyoyi da dama a shari’u, inda ya kammala shari’u guda bakwai a Kotun Koli, guda takwas a Kotun Daukaka Kara, da fiye da guda 25 a kotunan sauraron shari’a. Musa kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin da suka wakilci waɗanda harbin Apo ya shafa, inda suka samu nasarar samun hukunci a gaban Kotun Ƙoli ta ECOWAS a shekarar 2013 da kuma Babbar Kotun Birnin Tarayya<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Human rights advocate, Sunusi Musa, 61 others confirmed as SANs - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/human-rights-advocate-sanusi-musa-61-others-confirmed-as-san/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=dailytrust.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://dailytrust.com/human-rights-advocate-sanusi-musa-61-others-confirmed-as-san/ "Human rights advocate, Sunusi Musa, 61 others confirmed as SANs - Daily Trust"]. ''dailytrust.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-17</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin shekarar 2022, an tabbatar da Musa a matsayin Babban Lauyan Najeriya (SAN) ta Kwamitin Hakkin Masu Shari'a (LPPC), tare da wasu lauyoyi 60.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Rayyan |date=2022-10-04 |title=President Buhari congratulates Sunusi Musa for attaining SAN, recalls how lawyer bought N50m nomination form for him |url=https://dailynigerian.com/president-buhari-congratulates/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-GB}}</ref> Musa ya kasance yana da hannu sosai a cikin kamfen na siyasa da goyon baya ga 'yan takarar siyasa. A cikin shekarar 2018, ya jagoranci Cibiyar Ambassador ta Ƙaddamar da Najeriya a cikin tara miliyan N50 don samun fom ɗin gabatarwa ga tsohon Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari a kan dandalin All Progressives Congress (APC) a cikin zaben shekarar 2019. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Rayyan |date=2022-10-04 |title=President Buhari congratulates Sunusi Musa for attaining SAN, recalls how lawyer bought N50m nomination form for him |url=https://dailynigerian.com/president-buhari-congratulates/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Daily Nigerian |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlhassan2022">Alhassan, Rayyan (2022-10-04). [https://dailynigerian.com/president-buhari-congratulates/ "President Buhari congratulates Sunusi Musa for attaining SAN, recalls how lawyer bought N50m nomination form for him"]. ''Daily Nigerian''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-17</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-06 |title=Young pipo wey buy presidential form for Buhari say 'youths neva ready to be president' |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-45434614 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga zaben gwamna na APC da na Kano, wanda ya haifar da nasarar dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar, Dokta Nasir Yusuf Gawuna, a kotun karar zabe.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Uneasy Calm as Tribunal Nullifies Kano Governor’s Election - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/09/21/uneasy-calm-as-tribunal-nullifies-kano-governors-election?amp=1 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-06 |title=Young pipo wey buy presidential form for Buhari say 'youths neva ready to be president' |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-45434614 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Ihechukwu |date=2023-09-27 |title=Guber Election Tribunal: Mixed reactions trail controversial judgments |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/27/guber-election-tribunal-mixed-reactions-trail-controversial-judgments/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Musa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Gwamnan Jihar Kaduna Uba Sani a kotun zaben gwamna na Kaduna, wanda ya ayyana abokin aikinsa a matsayin mai nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-06 |title=Young pipo wey buy presidential form for Buhari say 'youths neva ready to be president' |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-45434614 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-06 |title=Young pipo wey buy presidential form for Buhari say 'youths neva ready to be president' |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-45434614 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunday |first=Ihechukwu |date=2023-09-27 |title=Guber Election Tribunal: Mixed reactions trail controversial judgments |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/27/guber-election-tribunal-mixed-reactions-trail-controversial-judgments/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Lauyoyi yan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ligk6ofk5ciii0u8j0t8wd5azzoa1hd 0 114907 965882 891326 2026-10-10T16:20:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ekinrin-Adde''' gari ne da ke karamar hukumar [[Ijumu]] ta jihar [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], a gundumar Sanata ta Yamma a [[Najeriya]] akan latitude 7° 50'N da longitude 5° 50'E <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019 |title=Ekinrin-Adde on the map of Nigeria |url=https://ng.maptons.com/2893288 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Maptons |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204418/https://ng.maptons.com/2893288 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> a tsayin mita 523 sama da matakin teku. Garin ya kasance tarin ƙauyuka masu haɗaka waɗanda suka haɗa kai ɗaya. Mutanen sun samo asali ne tun daga [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife]], tushen wayewar [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]] . Mutanen ƙabilar ƙabila ce a cikin ƙabilar [[Yarbawa]], waɗanda ke magana da yare da aka fi sani da Okun, waɗanda ƙananan hukumomi biyar da ke yankin [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] ta Yamma ke magana da shi ko da yake suna da ɗan bambanci daga al'umma zuwa al'umma. Yaren Okun ƙaramin yare ne na harshen [[Yarbanci|Yarbawa]] . <ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Hamza |first=Ibrahim |date=2019 |title=The Role of Oral Tradition in the History of Ekinrin-Adde up to 1960 |url=https://www.academia.edu/20251829 |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ekinrin-Adde yana da matukar muhimmanci a harkokin tattalin arzikin Okun a zamanin mulkin mallaka. Akwai wasu ayyukan tattalin arziki kamar su farauta, kamun kifi, noma, kasuwanci da kasuwanci. <ref name="auto"/> == Wuri == Ekinrin-Adde yana cikin karamar hukumar [[Ijumu]] a [[jihar Kogi]] kuma yana iyaka da Iyamoye da Egbeda Egga. Ekinrin-Adde yana tafiyar minti 20 daga [[Ekiti|jihar Ekiti]] kuma yana da sauran al'adu tare da ƙauyuka a kan tudu guda. [[Fayil:Akogba_hill.jpg|thumb|Dutsen Akogba daga al'umma a safiyar gajimare]] [[Fayil:Statue_in_Ekinrin-Adde.jpg|thumb|Mutum-mutumi kusa da rijiyar al'umma]] == Al'adu ==   Mutanen Ekinrin-Adde sun haɗu da ayyuka da yawa kamar bikin Egungun (masquerade). Masallatai kan yi faretin ne a wani yanayi na musamman da kuma lokacin da fitaccen mutum da ke rike da madafun iko ya mutu. Fitattun masallatan sun hada da Masallatan Olori Owo ko Iro (an hana mata ganin su) kuma na ’yan asalin Ekinrin ne. Iro masquerade ya tsufa kamar Ekinrin kansa kamar yadda Akinrin ya kirkiri shi. Akwai kuma Oyoyo (fitowa a lokacin bikin Emindin) da kuma Ajibele, Ajoriga masquerade. Sauran masallatan sun hada da Onigabon, Inun Oko da Okura (da alama Okura ya mutu). Wani bikin al'adu da aka saba gudanarwa a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni na kowace shekara shi ne bikin Emindin. Bikin “Emindin” yawanci mutanen Omo Agba ne daga dangin sarauta na Ona ne ke kiran shi. [[Fayil:Ekinrin-Adde_women.jpg|thumb|Manya mata a Ekinrin-Adde]] == Geography == Gabaɗayan yanayin ƙasar Ekinrin-Adde shine galibin Savannah tare da filayen da ba su da tushe. Akwai tuddai masu zurfi, waɗanda ke nuna gefen gabas da yamma. Ƙasar tana da haske mai launin ruwan kasa, yashi kuma ɗan baya kadan akan ƙasan dutsen dake cikin tsaunuka tare da facin jajayen ƙasa. Saboda yanayin kasa, yawancin mazauna garin manoma ne kuma amfanin gona na yau da kullun sun hada da [[dawa]], [[rogo]], [[barkono]], wake, koko, [[kankana]] da dabino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Mayowa |date=19 May 2018 |title=A Guide To Hiking In Nigeria: What To Bring And Where To Go |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/travel-and-places/a-guide-to-hiking-in-nigeria-what-to-bring-and-where-to-go/ |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Agbegi.jpg|thumb|Agbegi-Lodo (Tsoffin manyan motoci na Bedford na kowa a cikin Ekinrin-Adde da ake amfani da su wajen yin katako)]] == Albarkatun kasa da jan hankalin yawon bude ido == Ekinrin-Adde yana da wadatar farin marmara. Ajiyayyen marmara a cikin Ekinrin-Adde, bisa tsarin sinadaran sa shine carbonate mai tsafta da marmara irin na calcitic. Adadin marmara a cikin Ekinrin-Adde ya dace da kera siminti, samar da sodium alkalis (sodium carbonate, bicarbonate da hydroxide), magungunan kashe qwari, abincin kaji, takin ammonium nitrate na calcium kuma azaman lemun tsami. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=Field Occurrence, Chemical Composition and Industrial Application of Ekinrin-Adde Maeble Deposit in Kogi State |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319212867 |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Researchgate |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fatoye |first=Felix |date=2013 |title=Geology and Occurrences of Limestone and Marble in Nigeria |url=https://core.ac.uk/display/234654247?recSetID= |language=en-US |access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> Fitattun wuraren yawon bude ido sun hada da tsaunin [[Akogba]] (1000m sama da matakin teku) da kogin Oyi. [[Fayil:Ajibele_Maquerades_Festival.jpg|thumb|Ajibele Masquerade of Ekinrin-Adde]] Gidan rediyon Akogba FM (88.3) dake zaune kusa da tsaunin Akogba, shi ne FM na farko mai zaman kansa a garin Okun kuma yana aiki da manufar tabbatar da al’ummar Ijumu da sassan Kabba Bunu da ma jihohin da ke makwabtaka da su suna da masaniya kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Kogi da Najeriya da ma duniya baki daya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fatoye |first=Felix |date=2023 |title=Kogi commissioner congratulates Ekinrin-Adde community on the launch of new FM station |url=https://www.theprojectornewsandpix.com/kogi-info-commissioner-congratulates-ekinrin-adde-people-over-akogba-fm-launch/= |language=en-US |access-date=2023-06-23 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ELOGY == Bikin Emidin shi ne bikin sabon doya na mutanen Ekinrin a duk shekara. Ana yin bikin Emidin ne a watan Yuni. A zamanin da, rumbunan doya suna nuna dukiyar mutum, wanda yake da tarin dawa mai yawa. Tun daga shuka har zuwa girbi, tsarin noman doya yana da tsarki da al'adun Ekinrin-Adde. A wajajen watan Yuni ne jama'a suka fara girbe dawa da bikin. Maza za su haƙa doya na farko don nunawa kuma manoman da suka fi girma dawa sau da yawa ana sha'awar. Bayan an gama biki, ana dafa doya ko kuma a gasa su tare da mata masu jagorantar muzaharar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Mayowa Ebenezer |date=2021-07-04 |title=Festival Ready? 7 Of The Best Nigerian Festivals |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/festival-ready-7-of-the-best-nigerian-festivals/ |access-date=2021-07-08 |website=Guardian Nigeria News |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Akogba_Hill_Hiking.jpg|thumb|Akogba Hiking Festival]] Wannan biki kuma ya kasance lokacin godiya ga alloli saboda girbi mai yawa da kuma neman damina mai yawa don kakar shuka ta gaba. Al'ada ce gama-gari ga yawancin ƴan asalin garin su koma gida don yin biki, saduwa da ƴan uwansu da kuma damar haduwar shekaru. A bisa al’adar, ba abin yarda ba ne dan al’umma ya ci sabon doya kafin bikin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mustafa |first=Wale |date=20 May 2021 |title=Countdown to the Big Day |url=https://www.onwardnews24.com/ekinrin-adde-2021-thirty-days-to-go-counting-down-to-the-big-day/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Onwardnews24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204214/https://www.onwardnews24.com/ekinrin-adde-2021-thirty-days-to-go-counting-down-to-the-big-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Chief_in_Ekinrin-Adde.jpg|thumb|Shugaba a sabon bikin yam]] Sauran bukukuwan sun hada da Idi Festival, bikin Okẹlẹkẹlẹ da sabon biki na hawan dutsen [[Akogba]] . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Mountain Akogba – Hiking Akogba |url=https://akogba.com/}}</ref> Dutsen [[Akogba]] na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da Ekinrin-Adde. Wani kato mai suna Monolith yana zaune a wata fitacciyar jaha a arewa maso yammacin al'ummar da ke kallon garin tare da zama tushen ban mamaki [[Akogba]] Spring. Ko da yake ba shine Dutsen da ke kewaye da wannan kyakkyawan al'umma ba, ana iya cewa shine mafi shahara a tsayin da ya kai kimanin ƙafa 3500(1050m sama da matakin teku) <ref name="auto1" /> == Ilimi == Ekinrin-Adde yana da makarantun firamare da sakandare daban-daban. Yawancin tsofaffin an kafa su ta hanyar ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen jama'a da haɗin gwiwa da masu wa'azi na farko na mishan. Daga cikin fitattun su akwai Makarantar Sakandare ta Baptist, wadda al'umma ta kafa tare da ɗan mishan John B. Hill. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021 |title=Project Construction - Baptist High School Ekinrin |url=http://www.nigeriafaithful.org/projects/construction-projects/baptist-high-school-ekinrin/ |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Nigeria Faithful Works |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204709/http://www.nigeriafaithful.org/projects/construction-projects/baptist-high-school-ekinrin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sarakuna da sarakunan gargajiya == Ekinrin-Adde ita ce al’umma daya tilo a fadin jihar [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] da ke da Sarakuna biyu masu daraja ta daya da ke yi wa al’umma hidima. [[Fayil:IMG-20230701-WA0024.jpg|thumb|HRH Akinrin Johnson Kolade Otitoju a lokacin nadin sarautar sa. An gudanar da bikin ne tare da halartar Gwamnan Jihar Kogi, Mai Girma Gwamna Yahaya Bello]] [[Fayil:HRH_Oba_Anthony_Bamigbaiye_Idowu,_FCA.jpg|thumb|HRH Oba Anthony Bamigbaiye Idowu da Olori Bridget Fehintola Idowu a Hall of Fame/Gala Night, 2021]] == Fitattun mutane == * [[Abiodun Faleke]] - Dan siyasa kuma dan majalisar wakilan Najeriya a Legas * Olayemi Akinwunmi – Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Tarayya, Lokoja == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n0xk1edtzssf1ze1uv4dq8p7uheifkg 0 117045 966076 891986 2026-10-11T07:17:46Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 966076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Real Housewives of Abuja, wand3a aka taƙaita a matsayin '''''RHOAbuja''''', jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin ne na gaskiya na Najeriya wanda aka fara a ranar 17 ga Fabrairun shekarar 2023, kawai a kan Showmax. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2023 |title=The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/02/12/the-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=ThisDay Live}}</ref> Shi ne karo na biyu na Najeriya na The Real Housewives franchise, bayan The Real Housewives of Lagos. Nunin ya biyo bayan salon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, alaƙar zamantakewa, da labarun mata shida masu tasiri a Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya da aka sani da dukiya da iko. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == The Real Housewives of Abuja yana ba masu kallo haske game da rayuwar mata shida masu tsada da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru yayin da suke kewaya abota, kasuwanci, dangantaka, da abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa a Abuja. Shirin ya hada da Arafa, Comfort Booth, OJ Posharella, Princess Jecoco, Samantha Homossany, da Tutupie. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayo Onikoyi |date=3 March 2023 |title=Meet the 6 Delectable, Powerful Ladies of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/meet-the-6-delectable-powerful-ladies-of-real-housewives-of-abuja/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> Nunin yana ba da damar shiga cikin manyan al'ummomin Abuja, yana nuna jam'iyyun da suka dace, salon zamani, da rikice-rikice masu ban mamaki tsakanin mata. == Fitarwa == [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] na Delmedia Productions ne ya samar da jerin. Ana kuma samun sa don yawo a cikin kasashe 40 na Afirka akan Showmax . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jayne Augoye |date=15 February 2023 |title=Meet the Cast of The Real Housewives of Abuja |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/576705-meet-the-cast-of-the-real-housewives-of-abuja.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> === Daraktoci === * [[Delmwa Deshi-Kura]] (10 episodes, 2023) * George Sunom Kura (10 episodes, 2023) * Portia Hlubi (1 episode 22033) (lo and ô === Abubuwan da suka faru === Lokacin farko ya kunshi aukuwa 10, wanda aka saki kowane mako a kan Showmax. === Karɓar baƙi === Nunin ya sami kulawa saboda yadda yake nunawa game da manyan jama'ar Abuja da salon rayuwarsu. An kwatanta shi da The Real Housewives of Lagos saboda wasan kwaikwayo mai mahimmanci, kayan ado, da kuma al'amuran zamantakewa na musamman. == Dubi kuma == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fim]] ahleg8zhfnsgs9moc9nm1x16r39y59s 0 119777 965881 730990 2026-10-10T16:17:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ejisu''' birni ne a cikin Kumasi wanda ke kan babbar hanyar [[Kumasi]] Zuwa [[Accra]] kimanin kilomita 20 daga [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejisu-Juaben |url=https://mofa.gov.gh/site/sports/district-directorates/ashanti-region/162-ejisu-juaben |access-date=2022-02-05 |website=mofa.gov.gh}}</ref> Shi ne babban birnin [[Ejisu-Juaben Municipal District|Majalisar Majalisa ta Ejisu]], wata karamar hukuma ta [[Yankin Ashanti|Yankin Ashanti, Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - MLGRD |url=http://www.mlgrd.gov.gh |access-date=2018-12-03 |website=www.mlgrd.gov.gh |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501083009/http://www.mlgrd.gov.gh/ |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejisu MP engages 100 youth in aquaculture |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-ejisu-mp-engages-100-youth-in-aquaculture.html |access-date=2021-05-30 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Wannan birni yana ɗaya daga cikin Gundumomi 30 na gudanarwa da siyasa a yankin Ashanti na Ghana kuma an kafa shi ne ta hanyar Dokar (L.I) 1890 . A cikin shekarar 2020, ''Nkosuohene'' na Ejisu shine Nana Kofi Poku . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-28 |title=Ejisu SHTS Assistant Head who locked up students cited in another video depicting maltreatment - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ejisu-shts-assistant-head-who-locked-up-students-cited-in-another-video-depicting-maltreatment/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Shugaban Ejisu shine Nana Afrane Okese . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=Municipal Assembly staff clash with workers constructing wall for Ejisu SHTS - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/municipal-assembly-staff-clash-with-workers-constructing-wall-for-ejisu-shts/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2024, Babban Jami'in Birnin shine Mista Samuel Oduro Frimpong . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Ejisu Municipal Assembly working to restore academic activities at Ejisu SHTS |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1296837/ejisu-municipal-assembly-working-to-restore-academ.html |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref>&nbsp; == Ilimi == * Makarantar Fasaha ta Ejisu * [[Ejisuman Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Ejisuman]] * Makarantar gwaji ta Ejisu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Ejisu SHTS students displaced after rainstorm ripped off roof of boys dormitory |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/03/ejisu-shts-students-displaced-after-rainstorm-ripped-off-roof-of-boys-dormitory/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ejisu Krapa M/A Basic School da JHS <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=150 students displaced as rainstorm rips off dormitory at Ejisu Secondary Technical School |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/150-students-displaced-as-rainstorm-rips-off-dormitory-at-Ejisu-Secondary-Technical-School-1919774 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-03 |title=Heavy rains displace students in Ashanti Region - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/heavy-rains-displace-students-in-ashanti-region/ |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ejisu_Roundabout.jpg|thumb|Gidan da ake kira Ejisu]] == Manazarta == 1bk43p9dqvjuzwvwv6at0c5vaxgg22k 0 122431 965905 909293 2026-10-10T18:43:35Z Saudarh2 14842 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372550216|Adeoluwa Owu]]" 965905 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Kyaftin Degzy''' shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], kuma Mai daukar hoto, wanda aka fi saninsa da ayyukansa a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Far From Home (2022) da Shanty Town (2023), da fina-fallafen A Tribe Called Judah (2023) da ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' (2023), wanda na ƙarshe ya ba shi gabatarwa a [[Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2024|AMVCA]] don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2024 |title=AMVCA 2024 nominations full list: Over the Bridge get highest nomination |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c3gmw713z0wo |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> A cikin 2023, FilmOne ya lissafa shi a matsayin darektan mafi girma a kan Littafin Shekara na Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya . <ref name="Filmone">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria BoxOffice Yearbook 2023 By Filmone |url=http://books.filmhouseng.com/books/mouh/#p=86 |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=Filmhouse Group |publisher=Filmone}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu a Ilorin, Jihar Kwara . [1] Ya fito ne daga Jihar Kogi kuma ya fito ne daga zuriyar Yagba . [1] Owu ya halarci Jami'ar Ilorin kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Fim ta Pefti a Legas, inda ya sami digiri a cikin fim, kuma ya inganta ƙwarewarsa yayin da yake cikin ma'aikata a matsayin mai daukar hoto, edita, da darektan. [1] == Fim ɗin ɓangare == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Fim din ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Matsayi |- |2025 |''[['Yan fashi na Owambe]]'' |Daraktan |- | rowspan="4" |2024 |''Asiri Ade'' |Daraktan |- |''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]]'' |Daraktan |- |''[[Sarauniya Lateefah]]'' |Daraktan |- |''Hanyar da za a haɗu'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |[[Adire (fim)|''Adire'']] | rowspan="3" |Daraktan |- |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |- |''Abin da Babu Wanda Ya sani'' |- |''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''[[One Too Many (fim na 2022)|Ɗaya da yawa]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Kafin Valentin'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''Ranar Makafi'' |Daraktan |- |''[[The Griot (fim)|Griot]]'' |Darakta da Babban furodusa |- |''Da Fa'idodi'' |Daraktan |- |''[[What Happened at St James|Abin da ya faru a St James]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[Charge and Bail (fim)|Haraji da Bail]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="6" |2020 |''[[Introducing the Kujus|Gabatar da Kujus]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Triangle na Ƙaunar Betty'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Hasken gas'' |Daraktan |- |''[[This Lady Called Life|Wannan Uwargidan da ake kira Rayuwa]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Lokaci ya yi Canja'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Dubban Hanyoyi don Kashe Mutumin da yaudare'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''Tarihin Chicken'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Adaife'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ms Mai zaman kanta'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ba a taɓa ganinsa yana zuwa ba'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''[[Oga Bolaji]]'' |Daraktan daukar hoto |- |''Ƙauna a Lokaci na Kekes'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Tarihin 4'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="9" |2017 |''Wani lamari na 'yancin zaɓe'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ga 'ya'yana mata'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ba a rufe shi ba'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[Stormy Hearts|Zuciya Mai Girma]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''A cikin tarko'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Baƙo Fiye da Kowace'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Rashin Lokaci'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Neman Rainbows'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Tsakanin Rayuwa Blues'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2016 |''Soyayya ta wuce gona da iri'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2011 |''Hawaye na jini'' |Mai daukar hoto |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shirye-shiryen talabijin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Matsayi |- |2025 |''Abin da ba daidai ba ne'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2024 |''Canjin Wasan: Wasan Wasan Wutar'' |Daraktan |- |2023 |''Garin Shanty'' |Mai daukar hoto (steadicam) |- |2022 |''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]]'' |Mai shirya fina-finai |- |2021 |''Ƙaunar Ƙauni'' |Mai daukar hoto |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- |2020 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Sarauniya Palm |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |Shi da kansa ga Anomalous''Abin da ba daidai ba ne''|{{Won}} |- |2021 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Kyautar Oronto Douglas don Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya |Shi da kansa ga ''[[The Griot (fim)|Griot]]'' |{{Won}} |- |2021 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Golden Leaf |Kyautar Juri ta Musamman |Himes kansa don Makaho''Ranar Makafi''|{{Won}} |- |2024 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |Shi da kansa ga Jagun Jagun (The Warrior) ''[[Jagun Jagun|Jagun Jagun (Warriya)]]''|{{Nom}} |- |2024 |Nollywood 100 |Kyautar Kyauta |Shi da kansa|{{honoured}} |} {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] o8gf9b5qysadsfjqx4ndqcyp3bg1yjf 965906 965905 2026-10-10T18:44:13Z Saudarh2 14842 965906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Kyaftin Degzy''' shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], kuma Mai daukar hoto, wanda aka fi saninsa da ayyukansa a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Far From Home (2022) da Shanty Town (2023), da fina-fallafen A Tribe Called Judah (2023) da ''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' (2023), wanda na ƙarshe ya ba shi gabatarwa a [[Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka na 2024|AMVCA]] don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2024 |title=AMVCA 2024 nominations full list: Over the Bridge get highest nomination |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c3gmw713z0wo |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> A cikin 2023, FilmOne ya lissafa shi a matsayin darektan mafi girma a kan Littafin Shekara na Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Najeriya . <ref name="Filmone">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria BoxOffice Yearbook 2023 By Filmone |url=http://books.filmhouseng.com/books/mouh/#p=86 |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=Filmhouse Group |publisher=Filmone}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeoluwa Emmanuel Owu a Ilorin, Jihar Kwara . [1] Ya fito ne daga Jihar Kogi kuma ya fito ne daga zuriyar Yagba . [1] Owu ya halarci Jami'ar Ilorin kafin ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Fim ta Pefti a Legas, inda ya sami digiri a cikin fim, kuma ya inganta ƙwarewarsa yayin da yake cikin ma'aikata a matsayin mai daukar hoto, edita, da darektan. [1] == Fim ɗin ɓangare == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Fim din ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Matsayi |- |2025 |''[['Yan fashi na Owambe]]'' |Daraktan |- | rowspan="4" |2024 |''Asiri Ade'' |Daraktan |- |''[[When Love Strikes|Lokacin da Soyayya ta Kashe]]'' |Daraktan |- |''[[Sarauniya Lateefah]]'' |Daraktan |- |''Hanyar da za a haɗu'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |[[Adire (fim)|''Adire'']] | rowspan="3" |Daraktan |- |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |- |''Abin da Babu Wanda Ya sani'' |- |''[[Jagun Jagun]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''[[One Too Many (fim na 2022)|Ɗaya da yawa]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Kafin Valentin'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''Ranar Makafi'' |Daraktan |- |''[[The Griot (fim)|Griot]]'' |Darakta da Babban furodusa |- |''Da Fa'idodi'' |Daraktan |- |''[[What Happened at St James|Abin da ya faru a St James]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[Charge and Bail (fim)|Haraji da Bail]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="6" |2020 |''[[Introducing the Kujus|Gabatar da Kujus]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Triangle na Ƙaunar Betty'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Hasken gas'' |Daraktan |- |''[[This Lady Called Life|Wannan Uwargidan da ake kira Rayuwa]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Lokaci ya yi Canja'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Dubban Hanyoyi don Kashe Mutumin da yaudare'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="4" |2019 |''Tarihin Chicken'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Adaife'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ms Mai zaman kanta'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ba a taɓa ganinsa yana zuwa ba'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''[[Oga Bolaji]]'' |Daraktan daukar hoto |- |''Ƙauna a Lokaci na Kekes'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Tarihin 4'' |Mai daukar hoto |- | rowspan="9" |2017 |''Wani lamari na 'yancin zaɓe'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ga 'ya'yana mata'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Ba a rufe shi ba'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''[[Stormy Hearts|Zuciya Mai Girma]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''A cikin tarko'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Baƙo Fiye da Kowace'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Rashin Lokaci'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Neman Rainbows'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |''Tsakanin Rayuwa Blues'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2016 |''Soyayya ta wuce gona da iri'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2011 |''Hawaye na jini'' |Mai daukar hoto |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shekara ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Shirye-shiryen talabijin ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Matsayi |- |2025 |''Abin da ba daidai ba ne'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2024 |''Canjin Wasan: Wasan Wasan Wutar'' |Daraktan |- |2023 |''Garin Shanty'' |Mai daukar hoto (steadicam) |- |2022 |''[[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|Daga Gida]]'' |Mai shirya fina-finai |- |2021 |''Ƙaunar Ƙauni'' |Mai daukar hoto |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- |2020 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Sarauniya Palm |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |Shi da kansa ga Anomalous''Abin da ba daidai ba ne''|{{Won}} |- |2021 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Kyautar Oronto Douglas don Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya |Shi da kansa ga ''[[The Griot (fim)|Griot]]'' |{{Won}} |- |2021 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Golden Leaf |Kyautar Juri ta Musamman |Himes kansa don Makaho''Ranar Makafi''|{{Won}} |- |2024 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Cinematography |Shi da kansa ga Jagun Jagun (The Warrior) ''[[Jagun Jagun|Jagun Jagun (Warriya)]]''|{{Nom}} |- |2024 |Nollywood 100 |Kyautar Kyauta |Shi da kansa|{{honoured}} |} {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 1b681tql45iopkbn63c0v1ufrtq85pm 0 125612 966060 754974 2026-10-11T05:55:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lincoln Memorial Park wani kabari ne na tarihin Afirka da Amurka a unguwar Brownsville na Miami-Dade, [[Florida]]. == Tarihi == An fara amfani da Lincoln Memorial Park a matsayin kabari a 1924 a ƙasar mallakar F.B. Miller (farar fata mai sayar da gidaje). A cikin 1929, Kelsey Pharr ne ya sayi wurin binnewar, wanda ya kasance darektan jana'izar baƙar fata. Mista Pharr ɗan asalin Kudancin Carolina ne, wanda ya yi nazarin embalming a Boston kuma ya koma Miami a farkon shekarun 1900. Ya kasance mai ba da agaji kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Laberiya.[1] Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1964, makabarta ta wuce ga 'yarta Elyn Johnson, sannan kuma ga Jessica Williams, 'yar uwarsa.[2] A cikin 2017, Williams ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Gidan Tarihi na Coral Gables a cikin ci gaba da ƙoƙarin gyarawa.[3] Tsarin makabartar yana daga cikin salon binnewar ƙasa wanda ya shahara sosai a wurare a ko ƙasa kuma yana da saurin ambaliyar ruwa, kamar Evergreen Memorial Cemetery da ke da nisan tubalan da Charlotte Jane Memorial Park Cemetery a Coconut Grove . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Endangered Historic landmarks are at risk |url=http://www.miamitimesonline.com/news/endangered-historic-black-landmarks-are-at-risk/article_6c6e9754-3011-11e7-bcdf-07f31ec63b4f.html |access-date=June 13, 2018 |publisher=miamitimesonline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504035728/http://www.miamitimesonline.com/news/endangered-historic-black-landmarks-are-at-risk/article_6c6e9754-3011-11e7-bcdf-07f31ec63b4f.html |archive-date=May 4, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin sanannun 'yan Afirka na Miami <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> an binne su a Lincoln Memorial Park: * Kelsey Phar, mai mallakar makabartar farko; (ya mutu 1964) * [[Henry Ethelbert Sigismund Reeves|H.E.S. Reeves]], wanda ya kafa ''Miami Times'', tsohuwar jaridar Black-owned a gundumar; (ya mutu 1970) * Gwen Cherry, mace ta farko ta Afirka da ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a Florida; (ta mutu 1979) * Dana A. Dorsey, dan asalin Miami na farko; (ya mutu 1940) * Rev. John Culmer, shugaban Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta Tarihi a Overtown; (ya mutu 1963) == Matsayi na yanzu == Lincoln Memorial Park, Sashe na A da B, mallakar Jessie Wooden ne. Ya sayi makabartar da aka bari a ranar 21 ga Disamba 2020 daga Jessica F Williams . Wooden yana maido da Lincoln Memorial Park zuwa ga ɗaukakarsa ta asali kuma yanzu yana binne sabbin rayuka. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_-_Dana_Dorsey_Mausoleum.jpg|Dana Dorsey Mausoleum Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_-_WWII_Veterans.jpg|Military graves of African-Americans Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_-_General_View.jpg|General view of graves Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_-_Graves_01.jpg|American flag flying next to caskets Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery.jpg|Entrance gate and main road Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_-_Entrance_Gate_with_Ishidoro_Lantern.jpg|Entrance Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_03.jpg|North wall (north) Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_-_View_West.jpg|View west road Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_05.jpg|Caskets Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_06.jpg|Reeves Family grave Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_04.jpg|View of chapel from rear wall of cemetery Fayil:Lincoln_Memorial_Park_Cemetery_01.jpg|View of concrete vaults </gallery> == Manazarta == fhg7621u8uxsaing8q1o7cnvxmuppy0 0 125731 966028 755315 2026-10-11T00:46:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966028 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Frances Gertrude Claire D'Souza, Baroness D'Souza''', CMG , PC ( ''née'' '''Russell''' ; an haife ta a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1944) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Birtaniya. Ta riƙe mukamin Lord Speaker daga 1 ga Satumba 2011 zuwa 31 ga Agusta 2016. == Rayuwar farko, ilimi da kuma farkon aiki == Frances Gertrude Claire Russell, 'yar Robert Anthony Gilbert da Pauline (née Parmet) Russell, ta yi karatu a Makarantar St Mary's, Princethorpe, kuma ta je Kwalejin Jami'a ta Landan don karanta [[ilimin ɗan adam]], ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a shekarar 1970. Daga baya ta ci gaba da karatu a Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, inda ta sami digirin digirgir na Falsafa (DPhil) a shekarar 1976. Ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarin Kwakwalwa da Abinci Mai Gina Jiki ta Nuffield daga 1973 zuwa 1977, Oxford Polytechnic (yanzu Jami'ar Oxford Brookes) daga 1977 zuwa 1980, kuma ta kasance mai ba da shawara kan bincike mai zaman kanta ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] daga 1985 zuwa 1988. Daga 1989 zuwa 2002, ita ce daraktan kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam [[Mataki Na Sha Tara (19)|ta Article 19.]] A matsayinta na wakiliyarta, ta goyi bayan jirgin Musa Anter na zaman lafiya zuwa Diyarbakır, wanda ke da nufin zaman lafiya a [[Kurdistan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farley |first=Harry |date=24 October 2025 |title=Peer suspended for raising speeding fines with police chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gj4y201yeo |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1959, tana da shekaru 15, ta auri Stanislaus Joseph D'Souza, ɗan wani ma'aikacin gwamnati a gwamnatin Indiya. Sun haifi 'ya'ya mata biyu kuma sun sake su a shekarar 1974. Daga 1985 zuwa 1994, ta auri Martin Griffiths. Ta sake auri Stanislaus daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2011. <ref name="crossbench">{{Cite web |title=Convenors of the Crossbench Peers |url=http://www.crossbenchpeers.org.uk/convenors.html#dsouza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516013234/http://www.crossbenchpeers.org.uk/convenors.html#dsouza |archive-date=16 May 2015 |access-date=25 April 2015 |publisher=The office of the [[Convenor of the Crossbench Peers]]}}</ref> Babbar 'yarsu ita ce 'yar jarida Christa D'Souza . <ref name="christa_telegraph">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2003 |title=My parents' love affair comes full circle |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4729990/My-parents-love-affair-comes-full-circle.html |access-date=25 April 2015 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Daraja == An naɗa D'Souza a matsayin Abokin Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) a bikin karramawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 1999 saboda ayyukan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farley |first=Harry |date=24 October 2025 |title=Peer suspended for raising speeding fines with police chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gj4y201yeo |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> == Gidan Iyaye == An ƙirƙiri D'Souza a matsayin Lord Temporal a matsayin '''Baroness D'Souza''', ''daga Wychwood a gundumar Oxfordshire'', a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2004. <ref name="ukparliament">{{Cite web |title=Baroness D'Souza |url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/baroness-d%27souza/3709 |access-date=6 July 2008 |publisher=[[UK Parliament]]}}</ref> Ta zauna a matsayin mai kula da kujeru a cikin House of Lords, inda ta kasance Convenor na Crossbench Peers daga 2007 zuwa 2011 tare da halartar "fiye da matsakaici". <ref name="crossbench"/> <ref name="twfy">{{Cite web |title=Baroness D'Souza |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/baroness_d%27souza |access-date=6 July 2008 |publisher=[[They Work For You]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512031904/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/baroness_d%27souza |archive-date=12 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Yuli 2011, an zaɓi D'Souza a matsayin Shugabar Majalisar Iyaye kuma ta fara sabon matsayinta a watan Satumba 2011. A watan Disamba na 2015, sakamakon buƙatar ' Yancin Samun Bayanai ya nuna cewa D'Souza ta kashe £230 don ajiye motar direba tana jira yayin da take kallon wasan kwaikwayo na Benjamin Britten 's ''Gloriana'' tare da shugaban Majalisar Tarayya ta Rasha. Tafiyar ta yi nisan mil ɗaya kacal daga Majalisar Dokoki. Ta kashe £270 tana riƙe da mota na tsawon awanni huɗu da rabi yayin da take cin abincin rana tare da jakadan Japan a tsakiyar London. An kuma bayyana cewa tafiya ta kwanaki 10 zuwa Japan, Hong Kong da Taiwan a kaka na bara ta kashe kusan £26,000, kuma ta kashe £4,000 a cikin shekaru biyar kan sabbin furanni don ofishinta a kan kuɗin mai biyan haraji. <ref>{{Cite web |last=D Souza |first=Frances |date=31 July 2015 |title=The Lords must never be sullied by errant peers again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/comment/11776360/The-Lords-must-never-be-sullied-by-errant-peers-again.html |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Wa'adin D'Souza a matsayin Shugabar Majalisa ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Agusta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farley |first=Harry |date=24 October 2025 |title=Peer suspended for raising speeding fines with police chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gj4y201yeo |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Bayan ta koma kan kujerun majalisar, ta yi kira da a ɗauki matakin gaggawa don magance ƙaruwar girman Majalisar Dattawa, gami da iyakance ikon tallafawa Firayim Minista. <ref>{{Cite web |last=D Souza |first=Frances |date=31 July 2015 |title=The Lords must never be sullied by errant peers again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/comment/11776360/The-Lords-must-never-be-sullied-by-errant-peers-again.html |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords: Size – Hansard Online |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2016-12-05/debates/7C9584BE-6350-47C6-9C94-D20F934CA2A2/HouseOfLordsSize#contribution-617C08F6-B785-4A7D-8A91-6A7F7583E309 |access-date=9 December 2016 |website=hansard.parliament.uk}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2025, an dakatar da Baroness D'Souza daga Majalisar Dattawa na tsawon makonni takwas bayan da [[Conduct Committee|Kwamitin Kula da Da'a]] ya amince da shawarar da ta bayar cewa ta karya Dokar Da'a ta hanyar amfani da matsayinta don neman rinjayen da bai dace ba kan [[Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis|Kwamishinan 'Yan Sanda na Metropolis]], Sir [[Mark Rowley (police officer)|Mark Rowley]], game da tara da yawa na gudu da ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farley |first=Harry |date=24 October 2025 |title=Peer suspended for raising speeding fines with police chief |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gj4y201yeo |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> An sanya dakatarwar a karkashin [[House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015|Dokar Majalisar Dattawa (Korarwa da Dakatarwa) ta 2015]], wani bangare na dokar gyara da D'Souza ta goyi baya a matsayin [[Lord Speaker|Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa]] a farkon wannan shekarar a yayin badakalar da ta shafi [[Lord Sewel]], inda ta ambaci hakan a cikin wani sharhin jama'a a matsayin muhimmin abu don tabbatar da cewa "ba za a sake lalata shugabannin Majalisa da takwarorinsu marasa gaskiya ba" kuma a matsayin babban shaida na ci gaba da sabunta majalisar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=D Souza |first=Frances |date=31 July 2015 |title=The Lords must never be sullied by errant peers again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/comment/11776360/The-Lords-must-never-be-sullied-by-errant-peers-again.html |access-date=31 October 2025 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] ix5ta4b793hshm1c57lu9qcj7zztg7s 0 125898 966063 755801 2026-10-11T06:11:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966063 wikitext text/x-wiki '''a''' {{Databox}} '''Gidan binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill''' (Gidan binnewar Afrika na 2 na Richmond) an kafa shi ne ta birnin Richmond, Virginia, don binne 'yanci masu launin fata, da kuma bayi. Zuciyar wannan wurin binnewa marar ganuwa yanzu tana cikin 1305 N 5th St. An halicce shi ne a matsayin maye gurbin Burial Ground for Negroes, yanzu kuma ana kiransa Shockoe Bottom African Burial Groond, (ko African Burial Land a Shockoe Vottom). Shockoe Bottom an san shi a tarihi da Shockoe Valley . An rufe Gidan binnewa na Negroes a cikin 1816 a kan bude wannan sabon Gidan binnewar Afirka a kan Shockoe Hill. Gidan binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill yana daya daga cikin wuraren tarihi da ke cikin haɗari a Virginia. Manyan barazanar da ake yi wa jana'izar ita ce aikin dogo mai saurin gudu na DC2RVA, hanyar Commonwealth ta gabas zuwa yamma, RVA757 Connector da aka tsara, da kuma fadada I-64, da ayyukan ababen more rayuwa daban-daban. [[Fayil:Shockoe_Hill_African_Burying_Ground_(Richmond's_2nd_African_Burial_Ground).jpg|thumb|Red outline da inuwa suna wakiltar iyakoki da sawun Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground.]] == Tarihi == === Kafawa === An kafa filin binnewar Afirka na Shockoe Hill a cikin 1816 . Ya kasance wani bangare ne na Shockoe Hill Burying Ground, wanda aka fi sani da Shockoe Hills Cemetery, wani wuri ne na binnewa na gari mallakar kuma yana aiki da Birnin Richmond. Superintendent na Shockoe Hill Burying Ground ne ya gudanar da shi, wanda kuma shi ne Superintendente na Poorhouse (ban da shekarun 1863-1867 lokacin da aka raba mukamai) da kuma Asibitin City An kuma kira Poorhouse Almshouse. Kwamitin binnewar Shockoe Hill ne ke kula da wurin binnewar, wanda kwamitin tsayawa ne na Majalisar Birnin Richmond. Gidan binnewar Afirka ya kasance mai aiki tun daga buɗewa a watan Fabrairun 1816 har zuwa rufewa ta birnin saboda yanayin da ya cika a watan Yunin 1879. Yankin da ya ƙunshi wannan wuri na binnewa da ba a san shi ba, ba shi da wani abu a samansa wanda zai sa ya zama bayyane a matsayin makabartar a yau. Yankunansa na asali guda biyu suna a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin 5th da Hospital St., a fadin hanya daga Kabarin Ibrananci. Ya karu sosai a cikin girman a tsawon lokaci, yana fadada a kowane bangare. A shekara ta 1850 filayensa sun kunshi kusan kadada 15. Taswirar baya sun nuna fadadawa mafi girma, zuwa dan kadan sama da kadada 31. === Taswirar === A cikin shekarun 1870 an lakafta shi a kan taswira a matsayin filin Potter, har sai ya bayyana a 1905 . Taswirar 1905 ta nuna cewa ya faɗaɗa yamma a bayan The Almshouse zuwa 2nd St, da arewa zuwa Bacon's Quarter Branch . Wasu taswirar sun nuna cewa ya kai gabas kusan har zuwa 8th St. Taswirar da suka gabata sun nuna shi da sunaye daban-daban. A kan Shirin 1816 na Gidan Gida na Richmond, an lakafta filayen guda biyu na acre ɗaya "Gidan binnewa don 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da Yanayi", da kuma "Gidan jana'izar Negroes". A kan 1817 Taswirar Birnin Richmond, ya bayyana a matsayin "Mutanen da ba su da launi na B.G. da "Negro (e's) B.G". Shirin 1835 na Birnin Richmond ya rubuta shi a matsayin "Grave Yard for Free People of Colour" da "For Slaves".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=Micajah |date=1835 |title=Plan of the City of Richmond Drawn From Actual Survey and Regional Plans |url=https://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/u1790906#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=5977%2C115%2C2384%2C1767 |publisher=University of Virginia}}</ref> A kan wannan taswirar an kara wurin binne bayi da kimanin kadada 1.3. Taswirar Bates ta 1842 ta nuna shi a matsayin "Gidan binnewa don Masu Launi" da kuma "Gidan jana'izar bayi". A kan Shirin Richmond na 1849, ana kiranta wuri ɗaya, kuma ana kiranta "Gidan binnewa don Mutanen da ke da launi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morgan |first=Charles S. |date=1849 |title=Plan of Richmond (Henrico County) Manchester & Springhill, Virginia |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/plan-of-richmond-henrico-county-manchester-springhill-virginia/jAEBAXQbc6BRMw?ms=%7B%22x%22%3A0.6627344858045948%2C%22y%22%3A0.24583422135569488%2C%22z%22%3A10.689904079671544%2C%22size%22%3A%7B%22width%22%3A0.5548749590651221%2C%22height%22%3A0.4916684427113897%7D%7D |publisher=Library of Virginia |via=Google Arts and Culture}}</ref> A cikin 1850 Majalisar Jama'a ta kara wurin binne mutane masu launin fata da kadada 9 ban da filin Asibitin Birnin.<ref name="richmondcemeteries">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan K. |title=Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground |url=https://www.richmondcemeteries.org/potters-field/ |website=Richmond Cemeteries}}</ref> A kan taswirar Smith ta 1853 na Henrico County, Virginia, ya bayyana sau biyu. A kan yankin gundumar taswirar ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". A kan wani bangare na birnin Richmond na taswirar ya bayyana a matsayin "African Burying Ground".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Robert Pearsall |date=1853 |title=Smith's map of Henrico County, Virginia from actual surveys by James Keily |url=http://digitool1.lva.lib.va.us:8881/R/UUGDFAKKKUKPPV4JJCHVBYKD88N62D7F72A8AH199N1JDCP4X9-01990?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=1327705 |publisher=Library of Virginia}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kan taswirar 1856 na birnin Richmond, Henrico County, duk wurin binnewa (baƙar fata da fari) ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin suna ɗaya, ba tare da ƙarin alamun da ke nuna matsayinsa na rarrabewa ba. Kodayake har yanzu an raba shi, ya bayyana kawai a matsayin "Shockoe Hill Burying Ground". Wannan kuma shine sunan da ya bayyana a cikin mafi yawan rubuce-rubuce, kamar rahotanni na binnewa. Hakanan gaskiya ne ga wasu taswirori daga shekarun 1860. Koyaya; daga haɗuwa da sunayen biyu wanda ya bayyana a kan Taswirar 1853 ne aka samo sunan "Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground". A lokacin yakin basasa, an binne gawarwakin fursunonin Sojojin Tarayyar sama da 500 da suka mutu a cikin Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yaƙin an cire gawarsu daga Gidan binnewar Afirka sannan aka sake binne su a Kabari na Kasa na Richmond. An binne mafi yawan sojoji a arewa, da kuma gabashin asibitin City (don kyanda). An kuma yi jana'izar a kusa da gidan talakawa. An ruwaito cewa an cire sojoji 428 daga asibitin City, kuma 128 daga kusa da gidan talakawa.[undefined][2][3] Ginin Asibitin City ya zama Colored Almshouse, wanda ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1868. [1] Asibitin City an haɗa shi a kan 1842 Bates Map, kuma ana iya gina shi game da wannan lokacin. An samo shi kai tsaye a gabashin Kabarin Shockoe Hill. Majalisar Birnin ta kara da filayen ta a Gidan binnewar Afirka a cikin 1850. Shirin 1816 na dukiyar birni ya nuna cewa an riga an yi amfani da filin arewacin asibitin don binne matalauta waɗanda suka mutu a gidan talauci, baki da fari. Wannan ɓangaren farko na wurin binnewa ya faɗaɗa a yau N 4th St. === Rashin amincewa da barazanar === Yankin binnewa ya sha wahala da yawa. A cikin shekarun da yake aiki, ya kasance babban burin satar jiki ta kwalejojin likita, musamman Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Virginia da Jami'ar Virginia. Ya sha wahala daga fashewar mujallar gunpowder a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1865, da kuma gina sabbin mujallu biyu a 1867. A matsayin makabartar, birni ya watsar da shi kuma ya shafe shi daga wuri mai faɗi. An cire dukkan alamun kabarinta. An sanya shi ba za a iya gane shi ba, an cire shi daga taswira, kuma kusan an manta da shi gaba ɗaya. An raba filayensa, an sayar da mafi yawansu kuma an ba da kyauta ga sababbin masu mallakar. Bugu da kari, tana da hanyoyi, hanyar jirgin kasa, kuma babbar hanyar da ke ratsa ta. Tsohon tashar gas ta Sunoco tana zaune a kan wani ɓangare na asalin kadada 2, tare da allon talla; yayin da wasu sassan suna ƙarƙashin Interstate 64, 4th St., 5th St., 7th St. Hospital St. da kuma hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa. Hanyoyi uku da ke gabatowa ga wurin binnewa sune DC2RVA fasinja rail (high-speed rail), gabas-yamma Commonwealth Corridor, da kuma gabatarwar fadada I-64 . Kwanan nan da aka sani ya bayyana cewa shigar da igiyoyin karkashin kasa ne waɗanda aka gudanar ta hanyar binnewa a yankin Asibitin St. da 7th St. a farkon 2022. Shirye-shiryen da aka gabatar a cikin 2024 don ƙarin aikin ababen more rayuwa a tsakiya na N 7th St., da Asibitin St. ta gari, idan an aiwatar da shi kamar yadda aka tsara zai kuma cutar da wurin binnewa. == Manazarta == 4hdh7u0ynqrxwpnmten33qzsgp00ou4 0 127307 966009 815119 2026-10-10T23:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Schematic_of_the_active_CUSP_system_for_70-Tfps_imaging.svg|thumb|Tsarin tsarin CUSP mai aiki don ɗaukar hoto na 70-Tfps]] '''Femto-photography''' wata dabara ce ta yin rikodin yaɗuwar [[Ultrashort pulse|bugun haske mai ɗan gajeren lokaci]] ta hanyar wani abu a cikin [[High speed camera|babban gudu]] (har zuwa [[Frames per second|firam]] 10 ¹³ a kowace daƙiƙa). Femto-photograph daidai yake da [[Impulse response|amsawar motsin]] gani na wani abu kuma an nuna shi da kalmomi kamar rikodin [[Light-in-flight|haske a cikin jirgin sama]] <ref name="abramsson2">{{Cite journal |last=Abramsson |first=Nils |year=1978 |title=Light-in-flight recording by holography |journal=Optics Letters |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=121–123 |bibcode=1978OptL....3..121A |doi=10.1364/OL.3.000121 |pmid=19684717}}</ref> ko hoto na ɗan lokaci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Adam |last2=James Skorupski |last3=James Davis |year=2008 |title=Transient Rendering |url=https://tr.soe.ucsc.edu/research/technical-reports/UCSC-SOE-08-26 |journal=Technical Report, School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz |volume=UCSC-SOE-08-26 |access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref> An fara nuna Femto-photography na abubuwa macroscopic ta amfani da tsarin holographic a cikin shekarun 1970 ta [[Nils Abramsson]] a [[Royal Institute of Technology|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Royal]] ( [[Sweden]] ). <ref name="abramsson2" /> Wata ƙungiyar bincike a [[MIT Media Lab]] karkashin jagorancin [[Ramesh Raskar]], tare da masu ba da gudummawa daga Graphics and Imaging Lab a [[Universidad de Zaragoza|Jami'ar Zaragoza]], Spain, kwanan nan sun sami babban ƙaruwa a ingancin hoto ta amfani da [[Streak camera|kyamarar layi]] da aka daidaita zuwa [[Ti-sapphire laser|laser mai pulsed]] kuma an gyara don samun hotuna 2D maimakon [[Scan line|layin scanning]] guda ɗaya kawai. <ref name="Velten2">{{Cite journal |last=Velten |first=Andreas |last2=Di Wu |last3=Adrian Jarabo |last4=Belen Masia |last5=Christopher Barsi |last6=Chinmaya Joshi |last7=Everett Lawson |last8=Moungi Bawendi |last9=Diego Gutierrez |last10=Ramesh Raskar |date=July 2013 |title=Femto-Photography: Capturing and Visualizing the Propagation of Light |url=http://giga.cps.unizar.es/~diegog/ficheros/pdf_papers/femto.pdf |journal=ACM Transactions on Graphics |volume=32 |issue=4 |doi=10.1145/2461912.2461928 |s2cid=14478222 |access-date=21 November 2013 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> A cikin wallafe-wallafen su, ƙungiyar Raskar ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana iya ɗaukar hotunan da suka yi gajeru sosai har haske ya ratsa 0.6 kawai.&nbsp;mm (daidai da 2&nbsp;picoseconds, ko daƙiƙa 2 × ) a lokacin fallasa, adadi wanda ya yi daidai da ƙudurin da aka ƙayyade na samfurin kyamarar Hamamatsu C5680, <ref name="C56802">{{Cite web |last=Hamamatsu Corporation |title=Universal Streak Camera C5680 Series - Measurements Ranging From X-Ray to Near Infrared With a Temporal Resolution of 2 ps |url=http://www.htmldatasheet.ru/hamamatsu/c5680.htm |access-date=2013-11-22}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wanda tsarin gwajinsu ya dogara da shi. <ref name="nature2">{{Cite journal |last=Velten |first=Andreas |last2=Thomas Willwacher |last3=Otkrist Gupta |last4=Ashok Veeraraghavan |last5=Moungi G. Bawendi |last6=Ramesh Raskar |date=20 March 2012 |title=Recovering three-dimensional shape around a corner using ultrafast time-of-flight imaging |journal=Nature Communications |volume=3 |pages=745 |bibcode=2012NatCo...3..745V |citeseerx=10.1.1.434.2312 |doi=10.1038/ncomms1747 |pmid=22434188 |s2cid=16770765}}</ref> Rikodin da aka ɗauka ta amfani da saitin sun kai ga yaɗuwa mai yawa a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labarai, gami da gabatarwar Raskar a [[TED|TEDGlobal]] 2012. <ref name="tedglobal2">{{Cite web |last=TEDGlobal 2012 |title=Ramesh Raskar: Imaging at a trillion frames per second &#124; Video on |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/ramesh_raskar_imaging_at_a_trillion_frames_per_second |access-date=2012-10-04 |publisher=Ted.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar ta sami damar nuna sake gina abubuwan da ba a sani ba "a kusa da kusurwoyi," watau, a wajen layin ganin tushen haske da kyamara, daga hotunan femto-photographs. <ref name="nature2" /> A shekarar 2013, masu bincike a [[University of British Columbia|Jami'ar British Columbia]] sun nuna wata dabarar lissafi wadda ke ba da damar cire hotuna na wucin gadi daga bayanan [[Time-of-flight camera|firikwensin lokacin tashi]] ba tare da buƙatar tushen haske ko na'urorin gano abubuwa masu sauri ba. <ref name="Heide20132">{{Cite web |last=Heide |first=Felix |last2=Matthias B. Hullin |last3=James Gregson |last4=Wolfgang Heidrich |title=Low-Budget Transient Imaging using Photonic Mixer Devices |url=http://www.cs.ubc.ca/labs/imager/tr/2013/TransientPMD/ |access-date=22 November 2013 |website=In: ACM Trans. Graph. 32(4) (Proc. [[SIGGRAPH]] 2013)}}</ref> == Sauran amfani da kalmar == Kafin aikin da aka ambata a sama, an yi amfani da kalmar "femto-photography" don wasu hanyoyin da aka tsara a fannin kimiyyar nukiliya na gwaji. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} trna8zbflafsr6ahp1kf3ya6y6afre6 0 131199 965885 953219 2026-10-10T16:36:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eleanor Coleman''' (Maris 10, 1905 &#x2013; Oktoba 2, 1978) ɗan wasan ninkaya ne na Amurka. <ref name="oly">{{Cite web |title=Eleanor Coleman |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/50991 |access-date=November 19, 2021 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Coleman a [[Chicago]] kuma ta girma a Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 'yar Charles Lemuel Coleman da Nellie May Emerson Coleman. Iyayenta biyu an haife su ne a Illinois; mahaifinta mai sayar da kaya ne mai tafiya. == Sana'a == Coleman ta karya tarihin duniya a shekarar 1922 a tseren mita 100 na bugun nono kuma ta fafata a gasar tseren mita 200 na mata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1924. <ref name="SportsRef">{{Cite sports-reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/eleanor-coleman-1.html|title=Eleanor Coleman Olympic Results|access-date=September 4, 2016|archive-date=April 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418100944/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/eleanor-coleman-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta shafe shekaru uku tana rike da tarihin duniya a tseren nono na mata. Daga baya a rayuwata, ta yi zanga-zangar ninkaya, kuma ta kasance mai duba lafiyar Red Cross . Bayan wurin waha, marubuciya ce kuma edita a ''Wisconsin News'' . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lieber |first=Jill |title=Finding a Place in the Sun |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1988/10/17/finding-a-place-in-the-sun-duke-quarterback-anthony-dilweg-at-last-is-enjoying-success |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Sports Illustrated Vault {{!}} SI.com |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824183508/https://vault.si.com/vault/1988/10/17/finding-a-place-in-the-sun-duke-quarterback-anthony-dilweg-at-last-is-enjoying-success |archive-date=2022-08-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a jaridar kuma ta dauki nauyin wani shiri na rediyo na mako-mako, duka kan lafiyar mata da lafiyarsu. An nada ta shugabar talla ga kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Amurka a gundumar Brown a shekarar 1939. == Rayuwar mutum da gado == A shekarar 1927, ta auri ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Marquette University|na Jami'ar Marquette]] da [[Green Bay Packers]], sannan daga baya ɗan Majalisar Wakilai, [[LaVern Dilweg]] . <ref name="oly2">{{Cite web |title=Eleanor Coleman |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/50991 |access-date=November 19, 2021 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> 'Yan Dilwegs suna da 'ya'ya huɗu. Mijinta ya mutu a shekarar 1968, kuma ta mutu a shekarar 1978, tana da shekaru 73, a [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]] . Ɗanta [[Gary T. Dilweg|Gary Dilweg]] ya yi aiki a majalisar dokokin jihar Wisconsin. Jikanta [[Anthony Dilweg]] ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a [[Duke University|Jami'ar Duke]], daga baya kuma ya yi aiki da Green Bay Packers. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Lieber |first=Jill |title=Finding a Place in the Sun |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1988/10/17/finding-a-place-in-the-sun-duke-quarterback-anthony-dilweg-at-last-is-enjoying-success |access-date=2022-08-24 |website=Sports Illustrated Vault {{!}} SI.com |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824183508/https://vault.si.com/vault/1988/10/17/finding-a-place-in-the-sun-duke-quarterback-anthony-dilweg-at-last-is-enjoying-success |archive-date=2022-08-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] s316gqf1t6vk0yypued0zj6k0pxuowa 0 131363 966062 803510 2026-10-11T06:11:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dandalin Bikin Mississauga''', ko kuma kawai '''Dandalin Bikin Celebration''', [[Civic square|filin shakatawa]] ne na waje mai fadin eka 4.8 (kadada 1.9) da [[Mashaƙata|wurin shakatawa]] a [[Mississauga]], [[Ontario]] . Yana [[Mississauga City Centre|tsakiyar birnin]] kusa da [[Mississauga City Hall|zauren birnin]], yana mai daura da kudu zuwa [[Burnhamthorpe Road|Titin Burnhamthorpe]] . An tsara duka biyun a matsayin gyara da fadada filin da ke akwai a zauren birnin, tare da fadada shi zuwa wani wuri na jama'a kusa da babban ɗakin karatu. Tsarin yana da filin ciyawa mai faɗi tare da [[Amphitheatre|filin wasan kwaikwayo]] na kusa, hanyar dutse da ke kewaye, benci, rumfuna da kuma matakin sakandare. Babban fasalin ruwa na filin ya zama wurin shakatawa na kankara a lokacin hunturu kuma ya ninka matsayin wurin taron idan ana buƙata. An ce aikin yana haɗa ƙananan wurare masu kusanci tare da manyan wuraren ciyawa a buɗe. Sauyin ya ƙara yawan amfani da wurin don rayuwar jama'a ta yau da kullun. <ref name="auto32">{{Cite web |title=Square wins design award |url=https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3122366-square-wins-design-award/ |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Mississauga.com |language=en-CA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220082615/http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3122366-square-wins-design-award/ |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Girma da siffofi == * Jimillar Yanki: {{Convert|4.8|acre|}} <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=De Santis |first=Ben |date=2019-04-24 |title=Canada Day Celebration 2019 |url=https://culture.mississauga.ca/event/celebration-square/canada-day-celebration-2019 |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Mississauga Culture |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615153018/https://culture.mississauga.ca/event/celebration-square/canada-day-celebration-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Allo Biyu Na Dijital: ƙafa 15 x 28 (mita 4.5 x 8.5) <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Garejin ajiye motoci na ƙarƙashin ƙasa == Tarihi == A shekara ta 2006, tare da taimakon Project for Public Spaces, <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> birnin ya fara karbar bakuncin bukukuwan bazara na "My Mississauga" a Civic Square da ke yanzu a zauren birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover Mississauga&nbsp;– My Mississauga |url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/discover/mymississauga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224070425/http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/discover/mymississauga |archive-date=24 February 2011 |access-date=2011-03-02 |website=Mississauga.ca}}</ref> Mississauga ta shirya fiye da tarurruka 60 kyauta don kawo ƙarin mutane zuwa filin jama'a. An canza filin kuma ya haɗa da wani dandamali mai motsi, wurin cin abinci, ƙarin wurin zama, da wuraren wasanni da wasanni (tara na ƙwallon kwando, filin wasan hockey, dara da allunan checker) gami da wurin shakatawa na kankara. Wasu daga cikin abubuwan sun haɗa da ranar tsofaffi a ranar Talata, ranar iyali a ranar Laraba, Alhamis na motoci na da, tare da manyan abubuwan da suka faru sune bikin Ranar Kanada, Rotary Ribfest, Bikin Hasken Itace, da kuma Beachfest. An fara sanar da fara aikin faɗaɗa murabba'in gini a shekarar 2007 kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2011. &nbsp;Kamfanoni biyu, masu gine-ginen CS&P da Janet Rosenberg &amp;amp; Studio sun tsara filin da wurin shakatawa. Sassan sama da ƙasa na murabba'in wuri ne daban-daban da wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Birni ya raba. Duk da haka, batutuwan tsaron masu tafiya a ƙasa, sha'awar haɗa sassan biyu, da kuma alƙawarin gina gari mai cike da kuzari ya sa majalisar birnin ta rufe wannan ɓangaren har abada, ta haɗa sassan sama da ƙasa na murabba'in. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> Celebration Square ta dauki bakuncin liyafar kallon jama'a lokacin da Toronto Raptors ta buga wasan karshe na NBA na 2019, inda ta dauki sunan "Jurassic Park West" dangane da babban "Jurassic Park" a tsakiyar birnin Toronto na Maple Leaf Square . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kashe dala miliyan 40 wajen gina aikin. A cikin watannin farko na bude shi ga jama'a, filin ya jawo hankalin sama da masu ziyara miliyan 1. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Square wins design award |url=https://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3122366-square-wins-design-award/ |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Mississauga.com |language=en-CA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220082615/http://www.mississauga.com/news-story/3122366-square-wins-design-award/ |archive-date=2013-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bukukuwan Ranar Kanada == Bikin ranar Kanada na Celebration Square biki ne na shekara-shekara wanda ya haɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo na al'adu, da kuma baƙi na waƙoƙin shahararru. <ref name="auto"/> Bikin ya girma har ya jawo hankalin baƙi sama da 100,000 kuma ya karɓi baƙuncin mawaƙa kamar Carly Rae Jepsen, Down with Webster, da Strumbellas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bikin ya ƙare da wasan wuta da ƙarfe 10:00 na dare. <ref name="auto" /> == Sauran abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun == * Amacon Mississauga Rotary Ribfest <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Daren Fina-finai na Waje <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Bikin Latin Mississauga <ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover Mississauga&nbsp;– My Mississauga |url=http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/discover/mymississauga |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224070425/http://www.mississauga.ca/portal/discover/mymississauga |archive-date=24 February 2011 |access-date=2011-03-02 |website=Mississauga.ca}}</ref> * Diwali a Dandalin Bikin Aure <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Celebration Square ta kasance wacce ta lashe '''gasar Mississauga Urban Design Awards''' a shekarar 2011. <ref name="auto3"/> A shekarar 2017, Celebration Square ta kuma lashe kyautar Rick Hansen Foundation (RHF) – Accessible Cities Award. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History term project- Mississauga Celebration Square |url=https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123163453/https://issuu.com/zainsiddiqi/docs/history_term_project-celebration_sq |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == dr3bt4u2su52vu6jqnr16nvcc1lbptf 0 131497 966080 840070 2026-10-11T07:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Montebello Park''' wani wurin shakatawa ne na jama'a a tsakiyar birnin [[St. Catharines]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]], wanda [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] ya tsara. Yana da [[Rose garden|lambun fure]] na tunawa da shi da kuma marmaro mai ado. Babban wurin shakatawa shine harsashi da [[Pavilion|rumfar]] tarihi da ake amfani da ita don bukukuwa. An sanya wurin shakatawa da rumfar ta a ƙarƙashin ''[[Ontario Heritage Act|Dokar Gado ta Ontario]]'' . <ref name="OHT2">{{Cite web |title=By-law 78-364 |url=https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/oha/details/file?id=1902 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=Ontario Heritage Trust |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104193003/https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/oha/details/file?id=1902 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin farko == Birnin St. Catharines ya sayi wurin a shekarar 1887 don wurin shakatawa na jama'a na farko a birnin. Birnin ya ba Frederick Law Olmsted, wanda ya ƙirƙiri Babban Filin Shakatawa na Birnin New York, umarnin tsara wurin shakatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History from Here: Montebello Park |url=https://stcatharinesmuseumblog.com/2023/10/10/history-from-here-montebello-park/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=St. Catharines Museum}}</ref> An gina wani rumfar a kan harsashin asalin gidan Merritt a shekarar 1888. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Montebello Park |url=https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/gardens-in-niagara/page/montebello-park |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=[[Brock University]]}}</ref> An gina wani rumfar zagaye mai rufi wanda aka yi wa ado da wanda aka gina don Nunin Baje Kolin Pan-American a Buffalo, New York, a wurin shakatawa ta Edwin Nicholson. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gannon |first=Dennis |title=Yesterday and Today: Much of St. Catharines-built heritage is owed to E.C. Nicholson |url=https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news/topics/local-history/yesterday-and-today-much-of-st-catharines-built-heritage-is-owed-to-e-c-nicholson/article_8974a35c-cbf0-5a0a-aacb-bdf752b02698.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=[[St. Catharines Standard]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana yin rawa a kan rumfar kowace Asabar da dare har zuwa shekarun 1940. <ref name="OHT">{{Cite web |title=By-law 78-364 |url=https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/oha/details/file?id=1902 |access-date=4 November 2023 |website=Ontario Heritage Trust |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104193003/https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/oha/details/file?id=1902 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1948, an saurari ƙara a Kotun Koli ta Kanada, bayan mutuwar wata yarinya a Montebello Park bayan wani gini ya ruguje mata a lokacin bikin Ranar Nasara a Japan . Wasu yara biyu sun ji rauni. Alkalan sun yanke shawarar cewa masu kula da wuraren shakatawa sun yi sakaci a ayyukansu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History from Here: Montebello Park |url=https://stcatharinesmuseumblog.com/2023/10/10/history-from-here-montebello-park/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=St. Catharines Museum}}</ref> == Gyaran Gidaje == A shekarar 2016, an gyara lambun fure. A lokacin waɗannan gyare-gyaren, an rufe lambun fure ne kawai, tare da wasu wurare a buɗe ga jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History from Here: Montebello Park |url=https://stcatharinesmuseumblog.com/2023/10/10/history-from-here-montebello-park/ |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=St. Catharines Museum}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an gyara rumfar don gyara da maye gurbin bene da shinge. Ba a iya yin hayar rumfar ko amfani da ita ba yayin gyaran. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Montebello Park |url=https://exhibits.library.brocku.ca/s/gardens-in-niagara/page/montebello-park |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=[[Brock University]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an gina sabon filin wasa don maye gurbin wanda aka gina a baya a shekarar 1998, tare da ingantattun abubuwan tsaro da damar shiga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gannon |first=Dennis |title=Yesterday and Today: Much of St. Catharines-built heritage is owed to E.C. Nicholson |url=https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news/topics/local-history/yesterday-and-today-much-of-st-catharines-built-heritage-is-owed-to-e-c-nicholson/article_8974a35c-cbf0-5a0a-aacb-bdf752b02698.html |access-date=31 October 2023 |website=[[St. Catharines Standard]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031191838/https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news/topics/local-history/yesterday-and-today-much-of-st-catharines-built-heritage-is-owed-to-e-c-nicholson/article_8974a35c-cbf0-5a0a-aacb-bdf752b02698.html |archive-date=31 October 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} flej5tn6tn6ofcv5fg7vb1lx684p9sn 0 131889 966058 826979 2026-10-11T05:28:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan kayan tarihi na Jurassic na Asturia''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : ''Museo del Jurásico de Asturias'' ; ''MUJA'' ) yana cikin yankin Rasa de San Telmo kusa da Ikklesiya (bangar mulki) na Llastres a cikin gundumar Colunga, Asturias, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] . Kodayake an fara ba da shawarar gundumar Ribadesella, an zaɓi Colunga don ginin ginin a ƙarshen 1990s. Ana iya ganin alamomi da yawa daga gidan kayan gargajiya ciki har da Bay of Biscay, Sierra del Sueve, da Picos de Europa . Wurin da aka fi dacewa a kan dutsen kan Rasa de San Temo, gidan kayan gargajiya yana tsakiyar Jurassic Asturias. <ref name="Museum">{{Cite web |title=Jurassic Museum of Asturias (MUJA) |url=http://www.asturias.es/portal/site/Asturias/menuitem.fe57bf7c5fd38046e44f5310bb30a0a0/?vgnextoid=43c376ab0b4af010VgnVCM10000098030a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=5e1924fe8257f010VgnVCM100000b0030a0aRCRD&i18n.http.lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Government of the Principality of the Asturias }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nunin da tarin kayan tarihi sun shafe shekaru miliyan 3,500, kuma kodayake suna jaddada matakai uku na Mesozoic ( [[Triassic]], [[Jurassic]] da [[Cretaceous]] ), an kuma gabatar da bayanai game da lokutan da suka gabata da kuma na gaba. Matakai daban-daban na [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|zamanin ƙasa da tsarin]] [[Jurassic]] suna kan nuni. An nuna hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa suna ɗauke da kwafi sama da dinosaur 20; suna auna sama da {{Convert|12|m}} a tsayi, nauyinsu zai wuce tan goma idan kwafi na gaske ne. Tarin sawun ƙafa da burbushin da aka samu a gabar tekun Jurassic na Asturian daga wurare goma na binciken burbushin halittu an nuna su a cikin dakunan baje kolin kuma an ce su ne "tarin abubuwan da suka fi cikakken bayani da wakilci na ragowar dinosaur a duniya." <ref name="Museum2">{{Cite web |title=Jurassic Museum of Asturias (MUJA) |url=http://www.asturias.es/portal/site/Asturias/menuitem.fe57bf7c5fd38046e44f5310bb30a0a0/?vgnextoid=43c376ab0b4af010VgnVCM10000098030a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=5e1924fe8257f010VgnVCM100000b0030a0aRCRD&i18n.http.lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Government of the Principality of the Asturias }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kafa MUJA a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2004 kuma tana wakiltar jarin Yuro miliyan 12, <ref name="Cuartas2004" /> MUJA na cikin cibiyar sadarwar gidajen tarihi ta jama'a ta Asturian. <ref name="asturiasnatural.com">{{Cite web |title=EL MUJA, un edificio EMBLEMÁTICO |url=http://www.asturiasnatural.com/museos/muja/ |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=asturiasnatural.com |language=Spanish}}</ref> Manufar gidan tarihi ita ce ta kwatanta abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin halittu a Duniya. <ref name="desdeasturias.com">{{Cite web |title=The Jurassic Museum- MUJA Dinosaurs in Asturias. |url=http://www.desdeasturias.com/turismo_asturias/caravia%5Cthe_jurassic_museum__muja/index.asp?loc=55 |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=desdeasturias.com |language=Spanish}}</ref> Masanin burbushin halittu José Carlos García-Ramos daga Jami'ar Oviedo ne ke jagorantar ƙungiyar kimiyya ta gidan tarihi. == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:MUJA_02.jpg|left|thumb|Nunin dinosaur a wajen gidan tarihi.]] Gidan tarihin yana kusa da gabar tekun Tekun Cantabrian da Llastres, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kamun kifi. Tana da iyaka da Sierra del Sueve a kudu da kuma Picos de Europa a gabas. MUJA tana kan titin reshe na AS-257 zuwa Llastres, kimanin nisan mil 1.5.&nbsp;kilomita nesa. <ref name="geography">{{Cite web |title=Location |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=56&lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Official website of MUJA |archive-date=2 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902015706/http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=56&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin ziyarar da aka kai a kan tsaunukan bakin teku tsakanin Gijón da Ribadesella a cikin majalisun Villaviciosa, Colunga da Ribadesella na Asturias, wanda ake kira "Tekun Dinosaurs", an gano cewa akwai tarin dinosaur ichnite da yawa. An tono sawun ƙafafu da ƙashi na dabbobi masu rarrafe na Jurassic a lokacin tono da aka fara a 2005. An nuna burbushin da aka samu a lokacin tono a gidan tarihi. <ref name="coast">{{Cite web |title=The scientific project |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=1&lang=en |access-date=19 March 2011 |publisher=Official website of MUJA |archive-date=4 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904025517/http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60&Itemid=1&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gine-gine == [[Fayil:Interior_del_Museo_del_Jurásico_de_Asturias.jpg|thumb|Cikin gidan kayan tarihi]] Gidan tarihin, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2004, an tsara shi ne ta hannun mai ginin, Rufino Uribelarrea. Ginin yana da siffofi na musamman da yawa, musamman rufin, wanda yake a cikin siffar " kittiwake mai kama da zanen yatsa, fasalin dinosaur". Ginin da kansa an siffanta shi da siffar babban sawun dinosaur na tridactyl . <ref name="Museum"/> <ref name="roof">{{Cite web |title=MUJA: Jurassic Museum of Asturias |url=http://www.frameandform.com/en/2009/09/28/muja-museo-del-jurasico-de-asturias/ |access-date=19 March 2010 |publisher=frameandform.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rumfa uku masu siffar ellipsoidal suna haɗuwa don samar da sararin bene wanda babban yanki ne mai faɗin {{Convert|2500|m2}} . Tsarin rufin an yi shi ne gaba ɗaya da itacen da aka yi da laminated, wani katako mai kauri . An rufe rufin gaba ɗaya da farantin fata na tagulla, wanda Ƙungiyar Turai don Ci gaban Gine-gine ta Gine-gine ta bayyana a matsayin "yana yin oxidize zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a hankali, sannan, bayan shekaru da yawa, patina kore na tagulla da aka saba amfani da shi yana kare ginin da abubuwan da ke ciki tsawon shekaru da yawa, har ma a cikin yanayin ruwa mai ƙarfi." <ref name="roof" /> Bene na farko, bene na ƙasa da ginshiki na ginin suna da {{Convert|5000|m2}} . Faɗin ɗakunan ajiya ko ɗakuna uku sun miƙe zuwa rufin kuma an raba su ta hanyar sassan Mesozoic na Cretaceous, Jurassic, da Triassic . Gine-ginen ginshiki suna ɗauke da sama da tan 400 na burbushin halittu waɗanda har yanzu ba a rarraba su ba. Bene na farko yana da ɗakin baje kolin na ɗan lokaci, ɗakin liyafa, ɗakin gudanarwa, da bita, da kuma ɗakin karatu da dakin gwaje-gwaje. Bene na ƙasa ya ƙunshi zauren baje kolin kayayyaki, ɗakin sauti da ɗakin baje kolin kayayyaki na dindindin, tare da babban ɗakin taro. Wuraren baje kolin kayayyaki sun haɗa da shago, lambuna, gidan cin abinci, da wuraren wasanni. <ref name="museojurasicoasturias.com">{{Cite web |title=MUJA |url=http://www.museojurasicoasturias.com/ |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=museojurasicoasturias.com |language=Spanish |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185513/http://museojurasicoasturias.com/ |archive-date=7 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == tnl7pgssdhzttvrv231ovhgwp80v318 0 132288 966114 771749 2026-10-11T10:02:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gore Park''' filin shakatawa ne na gari ko wurin shakatawa na birni wanda ke cikin tsakiyar garin Hamilton, Ontario . == Suna == Wurin shakatawa yana cikin kusurwar da [[James Street (Hamilton, Ontario)|Titin James]] ya gina a yamma, sassa biyu daban-daban na [[King Street (Dundas, Hamilton, Ontario)|Titin King]] a arewa da kudu, da [[John Street (Hamilton, Ontario)|Titin John]] a gabas. Ƙananan sassa na ƙasa waɗanda ba su dace da grid ɗin bincike na murabba'i ba, kamar ƙasar da Gore Park ke zaune, ana kiransa gores . Don haka sunan wurin shakatawa yana nuni ne ga siffarsa mai siffar murabba'i wadda ta shahara a tsakanin grid ɗin murabba'i mafi yawan birnin. == Tarihi == Filin da wurin shakatawar yake a da wani ɓangare ne na tallafin filaye na Crown ga fitaccen ɗan kasuwa John Askin Sr. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya aka sayar da shi ga Nathaniel Hughson Sr., sannan aka sayar wa James Durand, kafin ya mallaki George Hamilton a shekarar 1816. Kafin ya zama wurin jama'a, ramin da ke tsakanin titunan King, James da John ya kasance wurin zubar da shara, filin katako, da kuma filin kasuwar birni da aka tsara a shekarun 1830. A shekarun 1840, akwai tsare-tsare da dama na gina ƙasar, amma waɗannan sun zama abin jayayya. A shekarar 1853, an yi niyyar samar da sabon ofishin gidan waya a ƙasar da ba a yi amfani da ita sosai ba, amma an ƙi amincewa da hakan. Madadin haka, an gina wani marmaro na ado a shekarar 1860, kuma a shekarar 1873 an shimfida ƙasar a matsayin wurin shakatawa kuma an dasa ta da furanni da ciyayi. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siffofi == Mafi shaharar abin da ke cikin wurin shakatawa shine maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta tsakiya. An buɗe wannan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta asali a shekarar 1860, <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> don tunawa da rangadin sarauta na [[Sarauniya Victoria|ɗan Sarauniya Victoria]] kuma magajinsa, Edward Albert . <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An wargaza maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta asali a shekarar 1959, kuma an gina kwafin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta asali a shekarar 1996 a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 100 na Hamilton. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wurin shakatawar kuma yana ɗauke da wani abin tunawa ga Sarauniya Victoria ta Philipe Hebert, kimanin shekara ta 1908. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gore Park gida ne ga Hamilton Cenotaph / Gore Park Veterans Memorial na William Russell Souter, kimanin 1923. Wannan abin tunawa yana tunawa da mazauna Hamilton waɗanda suka yi aiki a [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] . <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2021, wurin shakatawar ya ƙunshi wani abin tunawa ga Sir John A. Macdonald wanda George Edward Wade ya gina, kimanin 1893. Masu zanga-zanga sun rushe mutum-mutumin MacDonald bayan gano kaburbura da ba a yi wa alama ba a tsoffin wuraren makarantun zama na Kanada. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Dr Dave |date=28 April 2019 |title=Hamilton's Gore park symbolizes the city's changes {{!}} TheSpec.com |url=https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |access-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210055242/https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9304863-hamilton-s-gore-park-symbolizes-the-city-s-changes/ |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3f1oeghnqr6hd7dc01bqz2jzikepkg8 0 133157 966026 790930 2026-10-11T00:39:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An haifi '''Fortuneate Phaka''' a ranar 12 ga Yuli, 1987, a [[Mamelodi]] ) <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Fortunate M. Phaka |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6919578/ |website=IMDB}}</ref> masanin kimiyyar muhalli ne na Afirka ta Kudu, marubuci, mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin na muhalli <ref name=":42" /> kuma [[Science communication|mai sadarwa a kimiyya]] . Ya fi shahara da bincike da ya mayar da hankali kan [[Herpetofauna|cututtukan herptiles]], yana nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin bambancin halittu da bambancin al'adun mutane, da kuma rubuta [[A Bilingual Field Guide to the Frogs of Zululand|jagorar namun daji ta farko ta Afirka ta Kudu don kwaɗi da za a buga tare a cikin harshen 'yan asalin ƙasar (IsiZulu) da Turanci]] . Alaƙarsa ta ilimi don [[Postdoctoral researcher|binciken digiri na biyu]] tana tare da [[Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma|Jami'ar North-West]] ta Afirka ta Kudu da [[South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity|Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu Masu Ruwa ta Afirka ta Kudu]], da kuma [[Hasselt University|Jami'ar Hasselt]] ta Belgium. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Phaka {{!}} natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za |url=https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/unit-environmental-sciences-and-management/fortunate-phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Mafeta Phaka |url=https://biodiversity.bitelab.be/lab-members/fortunate-mafeta-phaka/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Biodiversity Lab |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Fortunate Phaka – South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/research/scientists/dr-fortunate-phaka/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Phaka kuma yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Youth 4 African Wildlife, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta ta kare namun daji da ke aiki a Kudancin Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Y. 4 A. W. |date=2014-10-14 |title=The Team – Youth 4 African Wildlife |url=https://youth4africanwildlife.org/y4aw-team-2/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> Phaka kuma yana da masanin kimiyyar gwarzo, mai suna The Scribe, <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=The Scribe – Fortunate Phaka |url=https://www.superscientists.org/superscientists/phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=SuperScientists |language=en-US}}</ref> bisa ga shi da aikinsa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Phaka ya yi yawancin lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a garin Mamelodi da ke wajen [[Pretoria|birnin Pretoria]] da kuma ƙauyen kakanninsa na Kgotsoro a lardin Limpopo . <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Phaka {{!}} natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za |url=https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/unit-environmental-sciences-and-management/fortunate-phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za}}</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moretele da Makarantar Firamare ta Pula Difate, sannan ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kwalejin SA, Kwalejin Meridian, da Makarantar Sakandare ta Gatang. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Gatang, ya kammala karatunsa na farko a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] . An sami digirinsa na girmamawa da na biyu daga Jami'ar North-West a shekarar 2016 da 2018 bi da bi. Daga nan ya kammala karatunsa da digirin digirgir na haɗin gwiwa a shekarar 2022 daga Jami'ar North-West da Jami'ar Hasselt a ƙarƙashin jagorancin farfesoshi Louis du Preez, Jean Hugè da Maarten Vanhove. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Phaka |first=Fortunate |date=2022 |title=Biocultural diversity of herpetofauna in South Africa: State and relevance as a science-based policy tool for conservation and social inclusion |url=https://documentserver.uhasselt.be//handle/1942/38046 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119111122/https://documentserver.uhasselt.be//handle/1942/38046 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |access-date=2026-01-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wahayin Phaka na neman aikin ilimi da kuma zama mai digirin digirgir na farko a tarihin iyalinsa ya samo asali ne daga ɗabi'ar aiki ta mahaifiyarsa (ma'aikaciyar jinya) da kawunsa (malamar makaranta). Saboda tsadar kuɗin makaranta a jami'a, an ba wa Phaka kuɗin karatun ta hanyar tallafin karatu na digiri na biyu, tallafin karatu da aka samu ta hanyar ƙungiyar Youth 4 African Wildlife, mahaifiyarsa, da kuma aikinsa na wucin gadi a talabijin da kiyayewa . == Sana'a == === Littafin kwaɗo da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya === Tun daga shekarar 2016, binciken Phaka ya mayar da hankali kan binciken bambancin halittu da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakaninsa da bambancin al'adun mutane, da nufin fahimtar yadda za a iya amfani da al'adun gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu waɗanda suka dogara da ƙwayoyin cuta don sanar da manufofi don tsara tsare-tsaren kiyayewa ga jama'a kamar yadda dokar muhalli ta Afirka ta Kudu ta tsara. <ref name=":1"/> Sakamakon farko na hanyar da Phaka ta yi wahayi zuwa ga ilimin halittar halittu shine jagorar filin mai taken Jagorar Filin Harsuna Biyu ga Ƙwai na Zululand wanda aka haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar Amazulu na yankin Zululand, wanda aka yi amfani da shi bisa ga yadda al'umma ta ɗauki bambancin anuran kuma aka buga shi da Turanci da [[Harshen Zulu|Isizulu]] a matsayin harshen da aka fi amfani da shi a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Phaka {{!}} natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za |url=https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/unit-environmental-sciences-and-management/fortunate-phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Mafeta Phaka |url=https://biodiversity.bitelab.be/lab-members/fortunate-mafeta-phaka/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Biodiversity Lab |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan wannan littafin, Phaka ta samar da littattafan kimiyya waɗanda suka haɗa da nuna alaƙa tsakanin mahimmancin al'adun namun daji da kuma tarin bayanai game da bambancin halittu ga namun daji, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Fortunate Phaka – South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/research/scientists/dr-fortunate-phaka/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804155813/https://saiab.ac.za/research/scientists/dr-fortunate-phaka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> tarawa nau'ikan herptile a kasuwannin magungunan gargajiya na birane na Afirka ta Kudu ta amfani da barcode na DNA, <ref>{{Cite web |last=says |first=Y. 4 A. W. |date=2014-10-14 |title=The Team – Youth 4 African Wildlife |url=https://youth4africanwildlife.org/y4aw-team-2/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma fara tattara cikakken jerin sunayen harsunan 'yan asalin ƙasar don nau'ikan herptile ≈ 550 na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> === Lambobin yabo da girmamawa === Phaka ya sami lambobin yabo da dama saboda jajircewarsa wajen gudanar da bincike wanda ya haɗa da al'adun 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu domin waɗannan ayyuka ne na mutanen da galibi aka ware su daga batutuwan da suka shafi muhallin Afirka ta Kudu da kuma tsarin kiyayewa gabaɗaya ba ya la'akari da ra'ayoyinsu. 2022: ''Kyautar Mail &amp;amp; Guardian'' Greening the Future Award <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> 2022: Kyautar Enviropeadia's Ecologic Award (Wanda ya zo na biyu a rukunin Eco-Angel) <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/sites/natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/files/files/uesm/ENVIRA/ENVIRA-Spring-Edition-2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017084621/https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/sites/natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/files/files/uesm/ENVIRA/ENVIRA-Spring-Edition-2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-17}} [[Rukuni:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]]</ref> 2022: Kyautar Gadon Gado ta Golden Shield (Wanda ya zo na biyu a rukunin 'Muryar Gado') <ref name=":2"/> 2020: Kyautar Enviropeadia's Ecologic (Kyauta ta farko ga rukunin Eco-Angel) <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-15 |title=The Scribe – Fortunate Phaka |url=https://www.superscientists.org/superscientists/phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=SuperScientists |language=en-US}}</ref> 2019: Kyautar Al'ummar Muhalli (Kyautar Magina ta Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Kyautar Kafafen Yada Labarai na Muhalli na Shekara) <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> 2019: Ɗaya daga cikin Matasan Mandela 100 na Nan Gaba (An tattara ta News24 ) <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> 2018: Kyautar Ƙwararru ta Matasa ta Ƙasa ta Wuraren Indaba <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> 2017: Shugaban Gaba na Kyautar Kare Muhalli na Amphibian (Taron Binciken Kare Muhalli na Amphibian) <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortunate Phaka {{!}} natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za |url=https://natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za/unit-environmental-sciences-and-management/fortunate-phaka |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=natural-sciences.nwu.ac.za}}</ref> 2016: Ɗaya daga cikin Matasan ' Yan Afirka ta Kudu 200 na <nowiki><i id="mwASk">Mail &</nowiki>amp; Guardian<nowiki></i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite news |title=North-West University: Linking culture and biodiversity is key to conservation |url=https://sundayworld.co.za/sponsored-content/north-west-university-linking-culture-and-biodiversity-is-key-to-conservation/ |work=Sunday Worlds}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hry7p4misaotq9lja5ec9zizgr9qs7r 0 135202 966116 821968 2026-10-11T10:37:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 14 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gregg S. Hymowitz''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1965) <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Miles |date=10 January 2014 |title=Hymowitz Raises $600 Million to Back Activist Investors |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-10/hymowitz-raises-600-million-to-back-activist-investors |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> hamshakin attajiri ne ɗan Amurka wanda shine shugaban, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma wanda ya kafa EnTrust Global, <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2019 |title=EnTrust Global: Not Only A Fund Of Funds {{!}} AlphaWeek |url=https://www.alpha-week.com/entrust-global-not-only-fund-funds |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.alpha-week.com}}</ref> wani kamfani mai saka hannun jari daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hymowitz mai saka hannun jari ne mai fafutuka, wanda aka san shi da dabarun saka hannun jari mai ƙarfin hali. A cewar ''Forbes'', yana da kimanin dukiyarsa ta dala biliyan 2 a watan Afrilun 2025. <ref name="Forbes Profile">{{Cite web |title=Gregg Hymowitz |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gregg-hymowitz/ |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Hymowitz ɗan asalin Bellmore ne, New York . <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Benoit |first=Juliet Chung and David |title=The Man Behind Activist Investors' Biggest Bets |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-man-behind-activist-investors-biggest-bets-1500037200 |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> Mahaifinsa da kakansa suna da kasuwancin kera soso wanda suka rasa a shekarun 1980, kuma wannan gogewar ta zaburar da shi ya "tabbatar da cewa koyaushe yana da abin da zai koma baya a kai." <ref> name=":7">{{Cite web |title=This Billionaire Investor Takes Advice From Usher |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2024/03/05/this-billionaire-investor-takes-advice-from-usher/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Ya sami digirin farko na Fasaha, Phi Beta Kappa, daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Binghamton a 1987. Daga baya ya kammala karatun digiri na farko daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard tare da Likitan Shari'a a 1990. <ref>name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Traphagen Distinguished Alumni Speaker Series with Gregg Hymowitz JD'90 |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/event/traphagen-distinguished-alumni-speaker-series-with-gregg-hymowitz-jd90/ |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=Harvard Law School |language=en |archive-date=2019-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131012/https://hls.harvard.edu/event/traphagen-distinguished-alumni-speaker-series-with-gregg-hymowitz-jd90/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ne ƙwararren Harry S. Truman a 1985 daga New York, ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar Hansard na Burtaniya a 1987 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Kwamitin Gwamna kan Nasarar Scholastic a 2004. == Sana'a == === Farkon aikina === Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin lauya a Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &amp;amp; Flom inda ya mayar da hankali kan haɗaka da saye-saye kafin ya shiga Goldman, Sachs &amp;amp; Co. a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa a 1992. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Miles |date=10 January 2014 |title=Hymowitz Raises $600 Million to Back Activist Investors |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-10/hymowitz-raises-600-million-to-back-activist-investors |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> === Amintaccen Duniya === A shekarar 1997, ya bar Goldman ya kafa Entrust Global (wanda asali EnTrust Capital ne). <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Weiss |first=Miles |date=10 January 2014 |title=Hymowitz Raises $600 Million to Back Activist Investors |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-01-10/hymowitz-raises-600-million-to-back-activist-investors |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> Lokacin da ya kafa Entrust, Hymowitz da abokan aikinsa sun gudanar da harkokin tattara kadarori da yanke shawara kan saka hannun jari don gina ƙaramin fayil mai ƙarfi amma mai ƙarfi. A ƙarshen shekara, kamfanin yana da kadarori sama da dala biliyan 1.1 kuma yana ci gaba da faɗaɗawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Legg Mason ya sayi hannun jari na kashi 65% a EnTrust akan dala miliyan 400, inda Hymowitz shi ma ya riƙe hannun jari na kashi 35%. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Verdict |date=2016-01-25 |title=Legg Mason to merge Permal hedge fund platform with EnTrust Capital |url=https://www.privatebankerinternational.com/news/legg-mason-to-merge-permal-group-with-entrust-capital-250116-4792401/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Private Banker International |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin Legg Mason, an haɗa EnTrust da Permal Group, yana ɗaukar sunan EnTrustPermal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2016 |title=Legg Mason completes merger of Permal and EnTrust Capital – Baltimore Sun |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz-entrustpermal-transaction-20160502-story.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.baltimoresun.com}}</ref> Kamfanin ya sake suna zuwa EnTrust Global a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knab |first=Matthias |title=EnTrust Permal rebrands as EnTrust Global - Opalesque |url=https://www.opalesque.com/industry-updates/5590/entrust-permal-rebrands-as-entrust-global.html |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.opalesque.com}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, yana da kadarori na dala biliyan 18.8 a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa. <ref name="Forbes Profile"/> A watan Fabrairun 2020, Franklin Resources ta sayi Legg Mason akan dala biliyan 4.5. Maimakon a haɗa shi cikin Franklin Resources sakamakon yarjejeniyar, Hymowitz ya amince ya sake sayen EnTrust ta hanyar sayen hannun jarin Legg Mason na EnTrust. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya Hymowitz ya sayar da hannun jarin tsiraru na kashi 20% a cikin EnTrust ga Asusun Arziki na [[Brunei]] . <ref name="Forbes Profile"/> EnTrust Global da GMF Capital sun kafa EG Acquisitions, wani kamfani na musamman da aka yi rajista ba tare da rajista ba. EG Acquisitions sun shigar da ƙarar IPO ta dala miliyan 250 a watan Afrilun 2021. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2022, an sanar da cewa EG Acquisitions za ta haɗu da kamfanin jet mai zaman kansa flyExclusive, wanda zai kai kamfanin ga jama'a tare da jimlar darajar dala miliyan 600. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, babban kaso na babban birnin Hudson Executive Capital LP da ya samu don hannun jarinsa a cikin jarin Deutsche Bank ya fito ne daga EntrustPermal na Hymowitz. <ref name="The Wall Street Journal bank exit">{{Cite web |last=Strasburg |first=Jenny |title=Deutsche Bank to Exit Global Equities, Trading Business |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/deutsche-bank-to-exit-global-equities-trading-business-11562512302?shareToken=st4d78d299920a4414bf48249a3f7742ae |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> EnTrust Global yana da kashi 25% na hannun jari a Alma Capital, kuma abokin tarayya ne na kamfanin Third Point LLC mai fafutuka da ke Amurka, tare da hannun jarin dala miliyan 650 a [[Nestlé]] . EnTrust Global ta kuma samar da jari ga Politan Capital Management, wanda ta hanyarsa ta zuba jari a kamfanonin kiwon lafiya na Centene Corporation a shekarar 2021, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Masimo a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Zuba Jari a Tekun Girika ==== A shekarar 2015, kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da Asusun Blue Ocean, wani sashe na ba da rance ga jiragen ruwa. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Maris na 2019, sun ba da kuɗi ga jiragen ruwa sama da hamsin tare da saka hannun jari na sama da dala biliyan ɗaya a cikin alkawurra, wanda aka tura dala miliyan 600, suna amfani da rashin masu ba da rance na banki a ɓangaren teku. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global {{!}} Hedgeweek |url=http://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |access-date=2021-01-21 |website=www.hedgeweek.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=2019-12-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2020, EnTrust Global ta rufe tara kuɗi na dala biliyan 2.1 ga Asusun Blue Ocean. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Verdict |date=2016-01-25 |title=Legg Mason to merge Permal hedge fund platform with EnTrust Capital |url=https://www.privatebankerinternational.com/news/legg-mason-to-merge-permal-group-with-entrust-capital-250116-4792401/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Private Banker International |language=en-US}}</ref> EnTrust Global ta tara ƙarin dala miliyan 925 don Asusun Blue Ocean tsakanin Afrilu da Yuni 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2016 |title=Legg Mason completes merger of Permal and EnTrust Capital – Baltimore Sun |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz-entrustpermal-transaction-20160502-story.html |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.baltimoresun.com}}</ref> kuma ta sayi Maas Capital daga bankin Dutch ABN Amro . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knab |first=Matthias |title=EnTrust Permal rebrands as EnTrust Global - Opalesque |url=https://www.opalesque.com/industry-updates/5590/entrust-permal-rebrands-as-entrust-global.html |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=www.opalesque.com}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2024, Blue Ocean ta kammala sayen manajan asusun saka hannun jari na Offshore Merchant Partners, wanda ya ƙware a masana'antar ruwa da makamashi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, kamfanin ya cimma yarjejeniya don siyan Belships akan dala miliyan 450. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hymowitz shi ne kuma shugaban Purus Marine, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=EnTrust Global launches maritime holdings firm - Maritime Direct |url=https://maritime.direct/en/2021/04/16/entrust-global-launches-maritime-holdings-firm/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> wani kamfani mai riƙe da hannun jari wanda Entrust ta ƙaddamar a shekarar 2021 wanda ke zuba jari a harkokin sufuri na teku da kayayyakin more rayuwa masu kyau ga muhalli da ƙarancin carbon . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Purus Marine ta sami jari daga Itochu da First Citizens Bank . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Tana samar da jiragen ruwa na jigilar kaya zuwa masana'antu kamar iska ta teku, sufuri, iskar gas mai ruwa da kuma jigilar kayayyaki. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamfanin yana da jiragen sama sama da 50 masu ƙarancin carbon a farkon 2023, <ref name=":6" /> kuma yana shirin cimma ƙarancin carbon [[Fitar da sifili|nan]] da shekarar 2030. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Verdict |date=2016-01-25 |title=Legg Mason to merge Permal hedge fund platform with EnTrust Capital |url=https://www.privatebankerinternational.com/news/legg-mason-to-merge-permal-group-with-entrust-capital-250116-4792401/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=Private Banker International |language=en-US}}</ref> Hymowitz yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Zuba Jari na EnTrust Global, Kwamitin Biyan Kuɗi da Kwamitin Kuɗi da Kulawa, kuma memba ne na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Blue Ocean. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Traphagen Distinguished Alumni Speaker Series with Gregg Hymowitz JD'90 |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/event/traphagen-distinguished-alumni-speaker-series-with-gregg-hymowitz-jd90/ |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=Harvard Law School |language=en |archive-date=2019-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131012/https://hls.harvard.edu/event/traphagen-distinguished-alumni-speaker-series-with-gregg-hymowitz-jd90/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Sauran aiki === Hymowitz yana kula da Jolli Four, LLC, wani kamfanin gidaje da ke Wellington, [[Florida]] . A shekarar 2021, kamfanin ya sayar da wani fili a Wellington ga Logan Marksbury mai dawaki kan dala miliyan 12. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Hymowitz ya kasance mai tattaunawa a shirye-shiryen talabijin da dama kamar Fox News ' ''Cavuto on Business'', <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bloomberg Television, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> da kuma ''Squawk Box'' na CNBC . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hymowitz ya kuma shiga cikin tara kuɗi ta siyasa, kuma ya kasance shugaban yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Dick Gephardt na 2004. A shekara ta 2001, Hymowitz ya kasance mai magana da yawun Majalisar Wakilan Amurka a lokacin zaman sauraren ra'ayoyi kan ko rikice-rikicen sha'awa sun shafi binciken masu sharhi kan harkokin kasuwanci . == Salon saka hannun jari == Hymowitz mai saka hannun jari ne mai fafutuka, kuma ya yi tsokaci kan yuwuwar masu saka hannun jari na masu fafutuka don taimakawa masu zuba jari gano mafi kyawun damar saka hannun jari. Ya shahara da amfani da jarin da aka tattara da dabarun saka hannun jari masu "ƙarfi". ''Jaridar Wall Street Journal'' ta bayyana shi a matsayin "mai bayan wasu manyan fare na masu fafutuka na Wall Street". <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Benoit |first=Juliet Chung and David |title=The Man Behind Activist Investors' Biggest Bets |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-man-behind-activist-investors-biggest-bets-1500037200 |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin rikicin kuɗi na 2008, dabarun saka hannun jarinsa tare da EnTrust ya samo asali don haɗawa da ƙarin saka hannun jari tare da saka hannun jari na ra'ayi ɗaya bisa ga rarrabuwar kawuna. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=This Billionaire Investor Takes Advice From Usher |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnhyatt/2024/03/05/this-billionaire-investor-takes-advice-from-usher/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, Hymowitz, a matsayin shugaban EnTrust Capital, ya tara kimanin dala miliyan 600 don asusun da masu fafutukar masu hannun jari ke sarrafawa. A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|rikicin COVID-19 na 2020]], Hymowitz ya bayyana cewa masu fafutukar saka hannun jari, ta hanyar ba wa mai zuba jari damar yin tasiri kan shawarwarin kamfanoni, kyakkyawan dabarun saka hannun jari ne ga lokutan wargajewar tattalin arziki. Hymowitz ya takaita falsafar kasuwancinsa a matsayin "juya ko ɓacewa", taken da ya karɓa bayan tattaunawa da mawaƙi Usher . <ref name=":1"/> == Taimakon jama'a == Hymowitz kwararren mai taimakon jama'a ne, mai sha'awar abubuwan da suka shafi ilimi, al'amuran zamantakewa, da fasaha. A shekarar 1995, Hymowitz ya kafa tallafin karatu na Hymowitz, wanda ake bai wa ɗaliban jami'a na Kwalejin Harpur na cikakken lokaci. Hymowitz ya ba wa Hymowitz Farfesa na Lafiya ta Duniya a Jami'ar Duke, wadda aka sanya wa suna bayansa. A shekarar 2017, Farfesa David Boyd ya zama wanda ya fara rike wannan kujera. Hymowitz ya shiga gasar FTI Consulting Great Charity Challenge wadda ta tara dala miliyan 2.5 ga kungiyoyin agaji na Florida. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma bayar da gudummawa ga National Multiple Sclerosis Society, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> New York Cares, <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> da kuma The Retreat, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a The Hamptons wadda ke ba da tallafi ga wadanda rikicin cikin gida ya shafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana cikin kwamitin shirya taron YAGP na 2017 mai taken "Taurarin Yau Haɗu da Taurarin Gobe", <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar New York Leadership Circle for Mikva Challenge, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta da alaƙa da jam'iyya. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> Matar Hymowitz Marcella tana haɓaka fasaha sosai, musamman rawa. Ita ce shugabar kirkire-kirkire ta Gasar Matasan Amurka ta Grand Prix. A lokacin bikin YAGP na 25 a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2024, YAGP ta buɗe ƙungiyar Marcella Hymowitz Creative Fellowship, wacce ke tallafawa masu rawa na ƙasashen duniya. An ba da kuɗin tallafin karatu tare da tallafin dala miliyan 1 daga Gidauniyar Iyalin Hymowitz. Gidauniyar Iyalin Hymowitz ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga shirin rawa na Jami'ar Duke, wanda 'ya'yan Hymowitz biyu suka kammala karatu daga ciki. == Kasancewar membobin hukumar == Hymowitz shine shugaban EnTrust Global da Purus Marine, <ref name=":5"/> kuma yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na flyExclusive. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Amintattu a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Montefiore kuma ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu a matsayin amintaccen Makarantar Ranar Kasa ta Riverdale . <ref name=":2"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Hymowitz ya auri Debby Hymowitz, wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya uku da su, har zuwa 2007. Daga baya Hymowitz ya auri Marcella Guarino Hymowitz a 2013, kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-30 |title=Karmic reckoning? Investors in activist hedge funds agitate for change |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-hedgefunds-investors-focus-idUSKCN1UP17T |access-date=2019-12-31 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> A 2021, Hymowitz da matarsa Marcella sun sayi kadada biyar na kadada a bakin teku a Parrot Cay daga Bruce Willis akan dala miliyan 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 July 2019 |title=EnTrustPermal rebrands as EnTrust Global |url=https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231131013/https://www.hedgeweek.com/2019/03/07/273739/entrustpermal-rebrands-entrust-global |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website= |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4xfbw2i2ddknaknbap4kzz7r3icrho2 0 141785 965893 799436 2026-10-10T18:05:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elreta Narcissus Alexander-Ralston''' ( née Melton; Maris 21, 1919 - Maris 14, 1998) lauya ce a shari'ar Amurka kuma alkaliyar kotun gunduma a North Carolina. Ita ce mace bakar fata ta farko da ta zama alkali ta hanyar zaɓen jama'a a Amurka, alkali bakar fata ta farko da aka zaɓa a North Carolina, kuma mace bakar fata ta farko da ta fara aikin lauya a North Carolina. Tare da aikinta na musamman, an san ta da "ƙin barin yanayin haihuwarta, gaskiyar lokacinta, da iyakokin da wasu suka sanya su ayyana makomarta." <ref> name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Timmons-Goodson |first=Patricia |date=2012 |title='Darlin', The Truth Will Set You Free' – A Tribute to Judge Elreta Melton Alexander |url=https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/996/2019/07/Elon_Law_Review_V4_No1_Timmons-Goodson.pdf |journal=Elon Law Review |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref> Duk da haka, gadon Alexander-Ralston ya kasance ba a san shi ba, tare da ba a faɗi labarinta ba tsawon shekaru da yawa. Wannan yana goyon bayan ra'ayin cewa lauyoyi mata bakar fata ba su sami ƙarancin yabo ba saboda nasarorin da suka samu da gudummawarsu. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elreta Narcissus Melton a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1919, a ƙaramin garin Smithfield, North Carolina . Iyayenta, Joseph C. Melton da Alain A. Reynolds Melton, dukkansu malamai ne, kuma Joseph ya zama limamin Baptist . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Butterfield |first=Honorable G.K. |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Honoring the Life and Legacy of Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston |url=https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/26/167/37/CREC-2021-02-26-pt1-PgE176.pdf |journal=Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks |pages=E176}}</ref> Elreta tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu. Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Scotland Neck, North Carolina jim kaɗan bayan an haifi Elreta, kuma a shekarar 1925 ta ci gaba da zuwa Danville, Virginia, inda Alain ke koyarwa kuma Joseph ya zama fasto a Cocin Baptist na Loyal. Joseph da Alain sun haɗu tun tana ƙarama: shi ne malamin makarantar sakandare, kuma sun fara soyayya kafin a canza mata makaranta daga ajinsa, suna aure bayan ta kammala shekararta ta biyu a jami'a. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Daga baya Elreta ta ce Alain ya aure shi don ya bar gida, kuma ba ya son auren mai wa'azi. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Iyayen Alain suna da alaƙa ta launin fata daban-daban amma mahaifinta, mai shagon farar fata, yana raba shagonsa kuma iyalansu suna da wariya ta launin fata, Elreta ta tuna daga baya. Joseph ya kasance wanda suka dace da shi saboda karatunsa daga Jami'ar Shaw, aikinsa na minista, da kuma fata mai launin fata mai haske. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Iyayen Alexander-Ralston sun yi imani sosai da ilimi, kuma Elreta ta tuna da mahaifinta yana cewa "babu wanda zai kwana a ƙarƙashin rufin gidansa ba tare da karatun jami'a ba." <ref>name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Summey |first=Virginia |date=July 2013 |title=Redefining Activism: Judge Elreta Alexander Ralston and Civil Rights Advocacy in the New South |url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |journal=The North Carolina Historical Review |volume=XC |issue=3 |access-date=2024-02-11 |via=uncg.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911115852/https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Makarantar Elreta ta fara ne tun lokacin da mahaifiyarta ta sanya ta a aji na farko tana ɗan shekara huɗu, a makarantar da Alain ke koyarwa a ciki. Joseph yana koyar da 'ya'yansa bayan makaranta a fannin karatu, lissafi, Girkanci da Latin, kuma Alain yana koyar da rawa da waƙa, yana mai da martani ga ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata a al'adar Baptist a wancan lokacin. Iyayen Alexander-Ralston, kamar sauran iyalai baƙar fata na matsakaicin matsayi a wancan lokacin, sun ƙi shiga cikin rashin adalci na launin fata na fallasa 'ya'yansu zuwa wurare daban-daban. An hana yaran amfani da bas ko gine-gine daban-daban, banda makaranta, inda makarantun gwamnati daban-daban su ne kawai zaɓi. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Bayan sun shafe kimanin shekaru goma sha biyu a Danville, Virginia, iyalin sun koma North Carolina, a wannan karon zuwa babban birnin Greensboro mai cike da jama'a. <ref>name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Summey |first=Virginia |date=July 2013 |title=Redefining Activism: Judge Elreta Alexander Ralston and Civil Rights Advocacy in the New South |url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |journal=The North Carolina Historical Review |volume=XC |issue=3 |access-date=2024-02-11 |via=uncg.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911115852/https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-11 |url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSummey2013">Summey, Virginia (July 2013). [https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf "Redefining Activism: Judge Elreta Alexander Ralston and Civil Rights Advocacy in the New South"] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The North Carolina Historical Review''. '''XC''' (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-11</span></span> &#x2013; via uncg.edu.</cite></ref> Alain ta zauna a Danville na tsawon shekara guda, ba ta son barin rayuwarta a baya ba kuma tana da dangantaka mai tsami da mijinta: a wannan shekarar ta ga yaran a ƙarshen mako. Elreta ta bauta wa mahaifinta kuma tana son zama firist kamarsa, amma daga baya ta yaba wa mahaifiyarta saboda himmarta ta ƙwararru da kuma himmarta, tana kiranta mace mai ci gaba. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Alexander-Ralston ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta James B. Dudley a shekarar 1934. A shekarar 1937, yana da shekaru goma sha takwas, Alexander-Ralston ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Noma da Fasaha ta North Carolina da ke Greensboro da digirin BS a fannin kiɗa. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Butterfield |first=Honorable G.K. |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Honoring the Life and Legacy of Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston |url=https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/26/167/37/CREC-2021-02-26-pt1-PgE176.pdf |journal=Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks |pages=E176}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFButterfield2021">Butterfield, Honorable G.K. (February 26, 2021). [https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/26/167/37/CREC-2021-02-26-pt1-PgE176.pdf "Honoring the Life and Legacy of Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks'': E176.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta, ta zama malamar makarantar sakandare a fannin lissafi, kiɗa, da tarihi a Kudancin Carolina da North Carolina, kuma ta yi aiki a ɗakin karatu na A&T. === Makarantar koyon aikin lauya === Alexander-Ralston ta sami kwarin gwiwa ta je makarantar lauya bayan ta yi kamfen don kamfe ga ƙawarta Reverend Sharpe, wanda ke takarar zama ɗan majalisar birni na farko baƙar fata a Greensboro. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=McLaughlin |first=Nancy H. |date=1999-06-13 |title=Judge Ushered in a New Day for Greensboro |url=https://greensboro.com/judge-ushered-in-a-new-day-for-greensboro/article_829e6aa2-2370-57bb-bf41-9bd7d81525cf.html |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}</ref> {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} Sharpe ta sha kashi kaɗan saboda 'yan takarar fararen fata sun sayi kuri'un baƙar fata, kuma wannan rashin ya yi wa Alexander-Ralston mummunan rauni. Sharpe ya gaya mata cewa ya yi imanin cewa rashin adalci na launin fata na siyasa zai inganta wata rana, kuma ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi amfani da takaicinta, yana kawo mata kwafin Sharhin Blackstone tare da ƙarfafa ta ta zama lauya da ake buƙata sosai don wakiltar baƙar fata a Greensboro. <ref name=":3"/> {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} Saboda ƙarancin damar shiga makarantun lauya a North Carolina ga mata baƙaƙe, Alexander-Ralston ta yi rajista kuma ita ce mace baƙaƙe ta farko da ta shiga Makarantar Lauyoyi ta Columbia a shekarar 1943 tana da shekaru 24. {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} Muhimmancin wannan nasarar ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ɗaliban baƙaƙe kaɗan ne kawai aka shigar da su a gabanta. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Motley |first=Constance Baker |date=2002 |title=Reflections |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1123789 |journal=Columbia Law Review |volume=102 |issue=6 |pages=1449–50 |doi=10.2307/1123789 |jstor=1123789 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> Ta fuskanci matsin lamba mai yawa daga Columbia don ta nuna cewa mata baƙaƙe suna cikin makarantar, tun lokacin da shugaban makarantar lauya Young B. Smith ya gaya mata cewa ita ce mace baƙaƙe ta farko da suka taɓa shiga, kuma ofishin shiga makarantar zai kalli wasanta kafin ya karɓi wasu mata baƙaƙe. <ref name=":3"/> Daga baya ta tuna cewa ta damu sosai har ba ta ji laccoci na makonni shida na farko ba. {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} Babu shakka, Alexander-Ralston ya burge makarantar, domin a cikin shekaru kaɗan masu zuwa, sun karɓi ƙarin mata baƙaƙe, gami da wani alkali a nan gaba a shekara mai zuwa, [[Constance Baker Motley]], kuma daga baya [[Edith Bornn]], Carmel Carrington Marr, da Clarice Bryant. <ref name=":8" /> Alexander-Ralston ta damu da rashin damar ƙwararru ga lauyoyin baƙaƙe a North Carolina kuma ta damu da rabuwa da mijinta na tsawon lokaci. A wani lokaci, ta nemi hutun zangon karatu. Duk da haka, mijinta da Dean Smith sun ƙarfafa ta ta zauna. Ba ta tafi hutu ba, ta shahara sosai a tsakanin malamai da ɗalibai, kuma saboda saurin shirin Columbia a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Columbia a 1945. <ref name=":3"/> === Jarrabawar mashaya === Alexander-Ralston ta yi ƙoƙarin komawa Greensboro don yin aikin lauya a shekarar 1945, amma jerin manufofin wariyar launin fata sun hana ta yin jarrabawar lauyoyi a can: ko da bayan tuntuɓar da yawa daga Columbia, da kuma ƙaruwar rahotannin manema labarai a Greensboro, Hukumar Masu Jarrabawar Shari'a ta North Carolina ta yi watsi da ita har sai da ta yanke shawarar jira su ta hanyar yin aiki a New York. <ref name=":3"/> Aikin lauyanta ya fara ne a Harlem inda ta kasance ma'aikaciyar shari'a a Dyer & Stevens daga 1945 zuwa 1947. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Summey |first=Virginia |date=July 2013 |title=Redefining Activism: Judge Elreta Alexander Ralston and Civil Rights Advocacy in the New South |url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |journal=The North Carolina Historical Review |volume=XC |issue=3 |access-date=2024-02-11 |via=uncg.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911115852/https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-11 |url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSummey2013">Summey, Virginia (July 2013). [https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf "Redefining Activism: Judge Elreta Alexander Ralston and Civil Rights Advocacy in the New South"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915231115/http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/V_Summey_Redefining_2013.pdf |date=2024-09-15 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''The North Carolina Historical Review''. '''XC''' (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-11</span></span> &#x2013; via uncg.edu.</cite></ref> Ta yi wa kanta kare don samun ƙwarewar shari'a. A ɗaya daga cikin fitowarta ta farko a kotu a 1946, ta yi wa ma'aikatan layin dogo na Delaware Lackawanna shari'a a gaban Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Amurka don Gundumar Na Biyu bayan babban lauyan ya tafi: ta yi nasara a shari'ar. Ta kuma yi nasara a takaddamar mai gida da mai haya wadda ta ce kamfaninta ba ya so ko kuma ya yi imanin za ta iya cin nasara. <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 1946, ta sake yin ƙoƙarin yin jarrabawar lauyoyi ta North Carolina ta amfani da takardun shaidar da ta samu. An gaya mata maimakon haka cewa waɗannan takardun shaidar ba su da wani muhimmanci, kawai launin fatarta ne, kuma suna ƙin aikin lauyanta a Arewa don shawo kan ƙa'idodin launin fata na North Carolina. An ba da wata sabuwar doka cewa dole ne ta zama mazaunin North Carolina na tsawon watanni 12 kafin ta shiga aikin lauya, don haka Alexander-Ralston ya canza wurin zama nan take, ya yi tafiya duk mako zuwa aiki a New York, kuma ya ci jarrabawar lauya a 1947. Daga nan ta zama baƙar fata ta farko da ta fara aikin lauya a North Carolina. <ref name=":1"/> Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Ruth Whitehead Whaley ita ce baƙar fata ta farko da ta shiga aikin lauya a North Carolina, a 1933, amma ba ta taɓa yin aiki a jihar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Ruth W. Whaley 1901-l–1977 (F-74) |url=https://www.dncr.nc.gov/blog/2023/12/18/ruth-w-whaley-1901-1977-f-74 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=NC Department of Natural and Cultural Resources |language=en}}</ref> Ta hanyar yaƙin neman zaɓe da kuma haɗa kan al'umma ne aka ba Alexander-Ralston damar shiga majalisar. A ƙarshe a shekarar 1947, maƙwabcinta Fannie White ta yi sulhu a madadinta, domin White amintaccen mai kula da gida ne ga dangin Rucker masu ƙarfi a yankin, kuma ta san cewa Pierce Rucker zai ci abinci tare da Gwamna Robert Gregg Cherry . Bayan kwana biyu, Rucker ya nemi White ta kawo Alexander-Ralston gidansa don yi mata tambayoyi. Bayan ya shawo kansa ya tsaya mata, Rucker ya kira Herbert Falk, wani fitaccen lauya a yankin, wanda daga nan ya shawo kan ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta bar Alexander-Ralston ta yi gwajin. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Timmons-Goodson |first=Patricia |date=2012 |title='Darlin', The Truth Will Set You Free' – A Tribute to Judge Elreta Melton Alexander |url=https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/996/2019/07/Elon_Law_Review_V4_No1_Timmons-Goodson.pdf |journal=Elon Law Review |volume=4 |issue=1}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTimmons-Goodson2012">Timmons-Goodson, Patricia (2012). [https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/996/2019/07/Elon_Law_Review_V4_No1_Timmons-Goodson.pdf "'Darlin', The Truth Will Set You Free' – A Tribute to Judge Elreta Melton Alexander"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Elon Law Review''. '''4''' (1).</cite></ref> === Lauyan shari'a === Alexander-Ralston lauya ce mai shari'a tsawon shekaru 21, tana kafa babban aikin aikata laifuka na kaɗaici da zarar ta isa Greensboro. Aikinta ya bunƙasa, yana samun abokan ciniki akai-akai daga hanyar sadarwar mahaifinta da mijinta. Watanni shida bayan ta fara aiki, ta ɗauki shari'ar Bill Godfrey: shi ne abokin cinikinta na fari na farko, abokinta wanda ya sami babban tikitin yin tsere. A lokacin, ba a taɓa jin labarin lauyoyin baƙar fata suna wakiltar fararen abokan ciniki ba, amma Godfrey ta roƙe ta da ta taimaka, kuma ta duba cewa alkalin da ke kula da shari'ar zai ba ta izini kafin ta ci gaba. Ta sami sakamako mai kyau na Godfrey kuma ta ci gaba da samun ƙarin fararen abokan ciniki, tare da baƙar fata abokan cinikin da take wakilta koyaushe. Ta fara gina suna a matsayin lauya mai hazaka kuma ta sami girmamawa daga sauran lauyoyi. An kuma san ta da sanya kayan ado masu kyau da na zamani zuwa kotu da kuma gina wasanni daga shari'o'i don ba da labari ga alkalai cikin hikima. <ref name=":3"/> Alexander-Ralston ta inganta ƙwarewarta a shari'ar DWI ta hanyar yin aiki tare da Herbert Parks, lauya baƙar fata da aka kafa. A da, Parks ya kasance minista kuma mai kula da kamfanin lauyoyi na Henderson & Henderson. Ya burge abokan hulɗar sosai da ƙoƙarinsa na koyon doka, har suka "karanci doka" tare da shi kuma suka sami izinin yin jarrabawar lauyoyi ta hanyar shawo kan ƙungiyar cewa ba zai iya cin jarabawar ba idan ya yi jarabawar. Lokacin da ya ci jarabawar a shekarar 1937, abokan hulɗar sun ci jarabawar DWI da ba a so don taimaka masa da kuma guje wa shari'o'in da ba a so. <ref name=":3"/> Daga baya Alexander-Ralston ta kafa kamfanin Alston, Alexander, Pell & Pell, ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa na farko a Kudu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Butterfield |first=Honorable G.K. |date=February 26, 2021 |title=Honoring the Life and Legacy of Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston |url=https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/26/167/37/CREC-2021-02-26-pt1-PgE176.pdf |journal=Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks |pages=E176}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFButterfield2021">Butterfield, Honorable G.K. (February 26, 2021). [https://www.congress.gov/117/crec/2021/02/26/167/37/CREC-2021-02-26-pt1-PgE176.pdf "Honoring the Life and Legacy of Elreta Melton Alexander-Ralston"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Congressional Record – Extensions of Remarks'': E176.</cite></ref> Ta ƙi gabatar da wani hoton [[Time (magazine)|mujallar Time]] bayan wannan, inda ta bayyana a lokacin cewa ba ta sami kamfanin a matsayin na farko ba, amma don ta yi nasara. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=McLaughlin |first=Nancy |date=2021-12-19 |title=Unsung hero: As a pioneering attorney and judge, Elreta Alexander-Ralston left indelible mark on civil rights, criminal justice reform {{!}} Crime-and-courts {{!}} greensboro.com |url=https://greensboro.com/news/state-and-regional/crime-and-courts/unsung-hero-as-a-pioneering-attorney-and-judge-elreta-alexander-ralston-left-indelible-mark-on/article_92c510d0-5c31-11ec-8d9f-97a57547e6ac.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220002244/https://greensboro.com/news/state-and-regional/crime-and-courts/unsung-hero-as-a-pioneering-attorney-and-judge-elreta-alexander-ralston-left-indelible-mark-on/article_92c510d0-5c31-11ec-8d9f-97a57547e6ac.html |archive-date=2021-12-20 |access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> Ta yi nasara a ƙarar da ta shigar a kan Majalisar Birnin Greensboro don ɗage ginin ginin gidaje ga mazauna baƙar fata, wanda ya haifar da zaɓen ɗan majalisar birni na baƙar fata na farko, kuma ya ba da damar fara aikin gidaje na tarayya ga baƙar fata a Amurka. Ta taimaka wajen gano filin wasan golf na farko na birni ga baƙar fata a Greensboro, kuma ta sami suna saboda wakiltar fararen fata da ake tuhuma, ciki har da mazan Ku Klux Klan (wasu daga cikinsu sun bar Klan bayan sun girmama wakilcinta a kansu). <ref name=":2" /> Alexander-Ralston kuma ta kasance sananne saboda kasancewa mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta yi jayayya a gaban Kotun Koli ta North Carolina. <ref name=":0" /> Alexander-Ralston ta yi aiki tukuru wajen haɗa kai: ta yi jayayya kan haɗa filin wasan golf na fararen fata kawai, kuma duk da cewa ba ta yi nasara ba, wannan shine abin da ya sa birnin ya yi watsi da ƙirƙirar filin wasansa na farko ga baƙar fata, yayin da yake ci gaba da nuna wariya. Ta yi amfani da wasan kwaikwayo na kanta don bayyana abubuwa, ko ta hanyar bin ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi ko karya su. Ta haɗa Montaldos a cikin 1950, kuma ta sanya salon zamani a cikin kotunan da aka keɓe na shekarun 1950 kuma ta sa sauran lauyoyi da alkalai su roƙe ta da ta amince da keɓancewa ga wariyar da suke nuna musu bayan ta zauna kusa da mutanen da ke aiki a ɓangaren baƙar fata, tana amfani da rashin jin daɗinsu da ya samo asali daga launin fata da bambancin ra'ayi . Ba ta ji tsoron yin magana da lauyoyi masu suka ba kuma ta yi amfani da martani masu zafi da izgili lokacin da suka raina ta, sau da yawa tana yin suka mai zurfi a cikin barkwanci da batutuwan shari'a. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":7"/> A shekarar 1964, Alexander-Ralston ya kare Charles Donald Yoes, daya daga cikin maza bakar fata hudu da ake zargi da yi wa wata farar fata fyade a shari'ar ''da aka yi tsakanin Jiha da Yoes'' . Wannan shari'ar ta zama daya daga cikin mafi tsawo a North Carolina, kuma an yi jayayya a kai har zuwa Kotun Koli ta jihar inda ta kalubalanci zaben alkalai na launin fata. An sha kaye a karar da aka daukaka amma an yaba mata da sanya zaben alkalai ya zama adalci a North Carolina ta hanyar yin wahayi zuwa ga kafa Hukumar Jury ta jihar. Daga baya Alexander-Ralston ya ce wannan shari'ar ta zaburar da ita ta zama alkali, saboda " kotun kangaroo " ce kuma bangarenta ba su da wata dama. <ref name=":3"/> === Alkalin kotun gundumar === A shekarar 1968, North Carolina ta fara buƙatar a zaɓi kusan dukkan alkalan su a matsayin alkalai maimakon a naɗa su. Kotun Gundumar Guilford County tana da kujeru shida a buɗe. Jam'iyyun Democrat da Republican sun nemi Alexander-Ralston da ta tsaya takarar alƙalin kotun gunduma, kuma ta zaɓi ta canza jam'iyyu ta kuma tsaya a matsayin 'yar Republican. {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Tana son faɗaɗa yanayin siyasar North Carolina daga 'yan Democrat zuwa 'yan Republican masu fafatawa, kuma haka nan tana son matsa wa 'yan Democrat lamba su goyi bayan ƙarin mata da 'yan takara baƙar fata. <ref name=":2" /> Tallace-tallacen yakin neman zaɓenta sun ƙunshi abubuwa biyu: saiti ɗaya ya jaddada iliminta da matsayinta na 'yan Republican, sauran kuma sun mayar da hankali kan takararta ta tarihi, suna gaya wa masu zaɓe cewa ita kaɗai ce mace da ke takara kuma "alamar adalci mace ce." {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} Alexander-Ralston ta sami kuri'u na uku mafi yawa a zaben gundumar, inda ta sami gurbi a kan kujerar kotun gundumar. Saboda haka, a watan Nuwamba 1968, Alexander-Ralston ta zama alkali bakar fata ta farko da aka zaba a North Carolina, kuma mace bakar fata ta farko da aka zaba a matsayin alkali a kotun gundumar a ko'ina cikin Amurka. <ref name=":1"/> Ita ce kuma alkali bakar fata ta biyu da aka zaba a ko'ina cikin Amurka <ref name=":2" /> A wannan lokacin, ana girmama ta sosai a matsayin lauya a cikin al'umma, kuma kodayake wasu 'yan asalin fararen fata sun yi adawa da zabenta a matsayin mace bakar fata, fararen fata da yawa na Greensboro sun yi kokarin raba ta da wariyar da suke nuna wa bakar fata, suna cewa zabenta ba wani abu bane mai girma saboda ita lauya ce mai kyau. Duk da haka, 'yan asalin bakar fata na Greensboro sun yi bikin zaben, tare da mutane da yawa da suka halarta don ganin ranar farko ta, ciki har da shugabar makarantar sakandare da membobin NAACP . <ref name=":5"/> Ta ci gaba da zama alkali tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma an sake zaɓenta a 1972, 1976, da 1980. <ref name=":0"/> Duk da cewa ta fuskanci ƙoƙari na cire ta ko kuma ɓata mata suna saboda aikinta, ta ci gaba da samun girmamawa sosai, kuma an sanya ta a matsayin mafi kyawun alkali a gundumar a wani zaɓen lauyoyi a wani lokaci. Tsohon Babban Alkalin Kotun Koli ta North Carolina, Henry Frye, ya ce tana da himma sosai, kuma ta taɓa ba shi "mafi munin abin da kowa zai iya ci" a matsayin alkalin kotun gunduma amma ya girmama sukar. Ya yaba mata a matsayin mafi kyawun mai tambayoyi da ya sani, ƙwararre wajen tantancewa da kuma yin aiki da shaida cikin sauri. Frye ya kuma ce wasu lauyoyi sun yi mata rashin girmamawa sosai a farkon wa'adinta, kuma ta sami damar sanya su girmama ta da kirki amma da ƙarfi. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Rawlings |first=Russell |last2=Affairs |date=2021-08-17 |title=2021 Legal Legends of Color: Judge Elreta Melton Alexander |url=https://www.ncbar.org/nc-lawyer/2021-08/2021-legal-legends-of-color-judge-elreta-melton-alexander/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=North Carolina Bar Association |language=en-US}}</ref> An san ta da ƙauna da "Alkali A" ga al'ummar yankin yayin da take kotu. {{Sfn|Summey|2013}} A shekarar 1969 ta fara ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu a matsayin alkali: "Ranar Shari'a," wanda ya mayar da hankali kan gyara matasa masu laifi da kuma munanan halaye a matsayin madadin tsarewa da bayanan laifuka. Sau ɗaya a shekara, a Ranar Shari'a, mahalarta za su haɗu su ba da rahoto game da ci gaban da suka samu kan ayyukan da suka taimaki rayuwarsu ko ta waɗanda suke ƙauna. An ƙarfafa su su tallafa wa juna kamar yadda ƙungiyar masu shan giya da ba a san su ba za ta yi. Duk da cewa wannan shirin ya sha fuskantar suka daga gwamnati sau da yawa, musamman yayin da yanayin tsare mutane da yawa ya ƙaru a Amurka, ya guji rufewa har zuwa 1980, lokacin da sauye-sauye a dokokin jihar suka taru kuma Lauyan Gundumar Guilford, Mike Schlosser, ya bayyana cewa shi kaɗai ne zai iya yanke shawara lokacin da zai rage tuhume-tuhumen. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} === Yaƙin neman zaɓen Babban Alkali da kuma aikin sirri === Alexander-Ralston ta tsaya takarar neman takarar Shugaban Kotun Koli ta North Carolina a shekarar 1974. Wannan matsayi ne da 'yan Democrat suka daɗe suna riƙe da shi har 'yan Republican ba sa goyon bayan 'yan takara masu fafatawa a zaɓen. Babu wata mace ko baƙar fata da ta taɓa riƙe wannan matsayi. Alexander-Ralston ta tsaya takara ba tare da sanar da ko neman izinin jam'iyyar Republican ta jihar ba, kuma ta ƙi ɓoye jinsi ko launin fatarta a lokacin yakin neman zaɓenta, tana mai da martani ga masu ba ta shawara waɗanda suka gaya mata ta yi hakan don guje wa sukar wariyar launin fata ko wariyar launin fata. {{Sfn|Timmons-Goodson|2012}} Ta fuskanci faɗa mai zafi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓenta, saboda Susie Sharp, wata farar fata, tana takara ba tare da hamayya ba tare da sha'awar masu zaɓe a zaɓen Democrat. Wannan kuma zaɓe ne na tsakiyar wa'adi tare da masu zaɓe a duk faɗin jihar waɗanda ba su san ta ba kamar yadda Gundumar Guilford ta san ta, kuma lokacin da Jam'iyyar Republican ta juya wa [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin jama'a]] baya, wanda duk ya sa wariyar launin fata ta fi shafar ta. Waɗannan ƙalubalen sun sa ta rasa takarar Republican ga James Newcomb, mai sayar da na'urorin kashe gobara wanda ba shi da digirin jami'a ko kuma tarihin shari'a. Duk da haka, rashinta ya haifar da fushi da kuma wani gyara da aka yi wa kundin tsarin mulki wanda daga baya ya bukaci alkalai su zama lauyoyi masu lasisi a North Carolina. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Alexander-Ralston ta ba mutane da yawa mamaki lokacin da ta sanar da yin ritayarta a shekarar 1981: an ba ta izinin zama alkali bisa doka na tsawon shekaru takwas kuma har yanzu ana girmama ta sosai. Ta yi ritaya a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1981, kuma ta sake komawa aikinta na sirri ta hanyar kafa sabuwar kamfani, Alexander-Ralston, Pell & Speckhard, tare da tsoffin abokan aikinta, 'yan'uwan Pell, tare da 'yan'uwan Speckhard guda biyu. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Ta canza nauyin shari'arta a wannan karon, tana fifita ƙarin shari'o'in aiki na pro bono da na gida tare da zaɓinta na baya. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} === Sadar da sako === A tsawon aikinta, Alexander-Ralston ta shiga ayyukan gwamnati da wayar da kan jama'a don tallata batutuwan da take damuwa da su. Ta kan yi magana a kan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban: na jama'a, na addini, na ilimi, na gwamnati, na 'yan'uwa, na matasa, da kuma tsofaffi. Ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin Majalisar Drug Action Council, da kuma kwamitin masu ba da shawara ga North Carolina Symphony . A shekarar 1974, ta yi magana a wani ajin jawabi a Jami'ar North Carolina, Chapel Hill : ita ce alkali bakar fata ta farko da ɗaliba Patricia Timmons-Goodson ta haɗu da ita, kuma jawabinta mai kyau da kuma kyawawan tufafinta sun zaburar da Timmons-Goodson ya zama alkali kamar ta daga baya. <ref name=":3"/> Alexander-Ralston ta ɗauki sha'awa ta musamman wajen wayar da kan matasa. Bayan ƙirƙirarta ta "Ranar Shari'a", ta himmatu wajen ƙoƙarin ilimi ta hanyar barin azuzuwan su halarci kotu, kuma ta ƙarfafa shigar ɗalibai cikin tsarin kotu. Ta kasance cikin Kwamitin Ɗaliban da ba su da galihu a Jami'ar North Carolina, Greensboro, da kuma Kwamitin Baƙi na Jami'ar Jihar Appalachian . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == A shekarar 1969, ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Greensboro ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Dolly Madison saboda ɗaga darajar ayyukan mata. A shekarun 1969 da 1970, Guys and Dolls, Inc. ta sanya mata suna baƙar fata 'yar asalin Greensboro da ta fi shahara: daga baya suka sanya ta zama memba mai daraja. A shekarar 1970, ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta zama ɗan ƙasa daga ƙungiyar Cherokee Council of the Boy Scouts of America . A shekarar 1976, ta sami ambaton 'Yan'uwa daga ƙungiyar National Conference of Christians and Jews Greensboro. A shekarar 1977, ƙungiyar North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs ta sanya mata suna cikin manyan mata 25 mafi shahara a North Carolina. A shekarar 1980, an gayyace ta zuwa Fadar White House don cin abinci tare da Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa Rosalynn Carter a wani liyafa da aka shirya wa Mata Masu Ra'ayin 'Yan Negro. An sanya wa ɗakin shari'a na 2A a Kotun Guilford County suna ne bayan Alexander-Ralston, wanda kuma ke ɗauke da hotonta. <ref name=":7"/> A shekarar 1990, an gayyace ta zuwa wani liyafa da aka shirya don girmama lauyoyi mata baƙaƙe, waɗanda ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta North Carolina ta shirya. <ref name=":3"/> A shekarar 1992, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan asalin Greensboro uku da aka shigar a cikin Gasar Matasa ta Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Takara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Betty Joyce |date=1992-04-12 |title=Ex-Judge Alexander-Ralston: Always Outspoken |url=https://greensboro.com/ex-judge-alexander-ralston-always-outspoken/article_937b8ebd-c774-58d5-9ddf-a7fcd012b083.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ta sami kyautar Legal Legends of Color Award daga ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta North Carolina. <ref name=":6"/> == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Auren Alexander-Ralston na farko da Girardeau “Tony” Alexander II ne, likita da ta haɗu da shi a kwaleji. <ref name=":1"/> Sun yi tsere a asirce a Asheboro, North Carolina a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 1938, inda babban shakkun Alexander-Ralston ya sha kaye sakamakon matsin lambar Tony. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Girardeau Alexander III (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1950). {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Alexander-Ralston ya ce daga baya cewa Tony ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci kuma yana [[Tashin hankali na gida|cin zarafi]], kuma ta fara nisanta kanta daga gare shi da ɗaukar bindiga. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarar 1964, mahaifinta kuma a shekarar 1968, kuma bayan watanni biyu, Alexander-Ralston ya saki Tony. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Sun zauna daban amma Elreta ta zama babban mai kula da shi yayin da lafiyarsa ta tabarbare, har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekarar 1976. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} A shekarar 1979, Alexander-Ralston ya auri John D. Ralston, wani alkali farar fata mai ritaya daga Sashen daukaka kara na IRS. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Ta shaida wa manema labarai a lokacin cewa yana da barkwanci sosai kuma ya sa ta farin ciki fiye da yadda ta zata, wanda ya bambanta da abin da ta bayyana a matsayin shekaru 30 na mummunan aurenta na farko. John ya mutu a shekarar 1983. {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} Ɗan Alexander-Ralston yana da cutar schizophrenia kuma duk da cewa ta shafe lokaci mai tsawo tana ƙoƙarin neman ilimi da mafita a gare shi, Girardeau ta ƙara samun tashin hankali da ba a zata ba. A shekarar 1990, ya kashe mai kula da shi, Eula Mae Rankin, kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma sha biyar a gidan yari, kodayake ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa a gidan rukuni maimakon haka. Abokan aikin Alexander-Ralston sun lura da irin tasirin da matsalolin ɗanta suka yi wa lafiyarta. Alexander-Ralston ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1998, kuma an binne tokarta a Greensboro, ba tare da an yi jana'iza ko wani taron tunawa da ita ba kamar yadda ta buƙata. <ref name=":3"/> {{Sfn|Summey|2017}} == Duba kuma == * Jerin Masu Shari'ar Bakar fata * Jerin lauyoyi da alkalai mata na farko a Arewacin Carolina == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dtw3ujoiwyj6h2lqkxkofa6x0mt7w2u 0 142075 965779 905022 2026-10-10T13:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Donna Lease Brazile''' / / brəˈzɪl / brə - ZIL brə- An haife ta a ranar 15 ga [[Disamba]], 1959) ƙwararriyar mai tsara dabarun siyasa ce ta [[Amurka]], manajan kamfen, kuma [[Kimiyyar siyasa|mai sharhi kan siyasa]] wacce ta yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin mukaddashin Shugabar Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat (DNC). A halin yanzu tana bayar da gudummawa a ABC News, kuma a da tana bayar da gudummawa a Fox News har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a watan Mayu 2021. Brazile ita ma a da tana bayar da gudummawa [[CNN|a CNN]], amma ta yi murabus a watan [[Oktoba]] 2016, bayan da [[WikiLeaks]] ta bayyana cewa ta yi tambayoyi biyu na muhawara da yakin neman zaben [[Hillary Clinton]] a lokacin zaben shugaban Amurka na 2016. Brazile, wacce take memba a Jam'iyyar Democrat, ita ce mace ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] da ta jagoranci babban kamfen na shugaban ƙasa, inda ta riƙe muƙamin manajan kamfen na Al Gore a shekarar 2000. Ta kuma yi aiki a kamfen na shugaban ƙasa da dama ga 'yan takarar Democrat, ciki har da Jesse Jackson da [[Walter Mondale]] – Geraldine Ferraro a shekarar 1984, da kuma Dick Gephardt a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat a shekarar 1988. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar riƙo ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat a bazara ta 2011, sannan kuma daga Yuli 2016 zuwa Fabrairu 2017. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Brazile a [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]], 'yar Jean Marie (Brown) da Lionel Joseph Brazile, <ref>{{Cite web |last=PBS Staff |date=January 7, 2016 |title=Donna Brazile's Interactive Family Tree |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/finding-your-roots/blog/donna-braziles-interactive-family-tree/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027135942/http://www.pbs.org/weta/finding-your-roots/blog/donna-braziles-interactive-family-tree/ |archive-date=October 27, 2016 |access-date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[PBS]] |publisher=[[United States|U.S. Government]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=KLFY News |date=July 24, 2016 |title=New Orleans native Donna Brazile assumes role of DNC interim chair |url=http://klfy.com/2016/07/24/new-orleans-native-donna-brazile-assumes-role-of-dnc-interim-chair/ |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=KLFY News |publisher=[[United States|U.S. Government]] |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220154011/http://klfy.com/2016/07/24/new-orleans-native-donna-brazile-assumes-role-of-dnc-interim-chair/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta uku cikin 'ya'ya tara. Sunan danginta shine "Braswell" tsararraki da yawa da suka gabata. <ref> name="fdnr1" </ref> Brazile ta fara sha'awar siyasa tun tana 'yar shekara tara lokacin da wani ɗan takara na gida ya yi alƙawarin gina filin wasa na unguwa. Ta shiga cikin shirin TRIO Upward Bound yayin da take makarantar sakandare. Brazile ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar masana'antu daga Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana (LSU) a 1981, kuma ta kasance ma'aikaci a Cibiyar Siyasa a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunta daga LSU, Brazile ta yi aiki a ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da dama a Washington, DC, kuma an ruwaito cewa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin neman zaɓen da aka yi na sanya ranar haihuwar [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] hutun tarayya. <ref> name="mediabistro2010">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Janelle |date=October 27, 2010 |title=So What Do You Do, Donna Brazile, Political Commentator and Strategist? |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921165239/http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2014 |website=[[Mediabistro (website)|Mediabistro]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> Brazil ta yi aikin sa kai don yakin neman zaben [[Jimmy Carter]] – Walter Mondale na 1976 a lokacin ƙuruciya da kuma yakin neman zaben shugaban ƙasa na 1980 a lokacin da take ɗalibi a LSU. <ref>name="mediabistro2010">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Janelle |date=October 27, 2010 |title=So What Do You Do, Donna Brazile, Political Commentator and Strategist? |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921165239/http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2014 |website=[[Mediabistro (website)|Mediabistro]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> == Tsarin siyasa == Brazile ta yi aiki a kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa da dama ga 'yan takarar Democrat, ciki har da Jesse Jackson a 1984, Walter Mondale–Geraldine Ferraro a 1984, da kuma Dick Gephardt a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat a 1988. Bayan Gephardt ya sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani a shekarar 1988, Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar daraktan filin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Michael Dukakis . <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2001 |title=National Press Club — Donna Brazile |url=https://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2001/010502.dbrazile.html |access-date=November 10, 2016 |website=npr.org |quote=[A]s deputy field operator during Michael Dukakis’ presidential bid in 1988, her comments about rumored marital infidelity on the part of GOP candidate George Bush got her fired.}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1988, ta yi kanun labarai ta hanyar gaya wa gungun 'yan jarida cewa George HW Bush yana buƙatar "yin shiru" game da jita-jitar da ba a tabbatar ba game da wani aure bayan aure. Brazile ta ce, "Mutanen Amurka suna da cikakken 'yancin sanin ko [[Barbara Bush]] za ta raba wannan gadon tare da shi a Fadar White House." Kamfen ɗin Dukakis ya musanta kalamanta nan da nan kuma Dukakis ya kore ta daga ma'aikatan kamfen ɗinsa jim kaɗan bayan labarin ya bazu. Bayan shekaru huɗu, wannan batu, dangantakar George H.&nbsp;W. Bush da Jennifer Fitzgerald, za a sake yin wani bayani na ɗan lokaci a lokacin yakin neman zaɓen 1992 kan [[Bill Clinton]], wanda ke da jita-jitar soyayyarsa bayan aure . A shekarun 1990, Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ma'aikata da sakataren watsa labarai ga Wakilin Majalisar Dokoki Eleanor Holmes Norton na [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]], inda ta taimaka wajen jagorantar kasafin kudin Gundumar da kuma dokokin gida kan Capitol Hill. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga yakin neman zaben Bill Clinton na shugabancin kasa a 1992 da kuma sake tsayawa takara a 1996. A shekarar 1999, an naɗa Brazile mataimakiyar manajan kamfen kuma daga baya aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa manajan kamfen na kamfen ɗin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Al Gore na 2000, inda ta zama mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta jagoranci babban kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyya. Bayan bala'in guguwar Katrina, Kathleen Blanco ta naɗa Brazile a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Farfado da Muhalli ta Louisiana daga 2005 zuwa 2009. Brazile ta ba da takardunta ga Tarin Louisiana da Lower Mississippi Valley a cikin Tarin Musamman na Laburare na Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana, wanda ke cikin Laburaren Tunawa da Hill Memorial. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Laver |first=Tara |date=September 26, 2014 |title=Political Strategist Donna Brazile donates her papers to LSU |url=http://news.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/2014/09/26/donna_brazile_papers/ |access-date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[Louisiana State University]] |publisher=[[Blogger (service)|Blogger]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat na Ƙasa == Bayan fafatawar bayan zaɓe kan ƙuri'u a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2000 a Florida, an naɗa Brazile a matsayin shugabar Cibiyar 'Yancin Zaɓe ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Ƙasa. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2008 === A zaɓen 2008, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar wakiliya saboda aikinta na Bill Clinton da Al Gore. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 2008 |title=Comeback |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSYEAAAAMBAJ&q=Donna+Brazile+superdelegate&pg=PA96 |journal=Vibe |publisher=Vibe Media Group |volume=16 |issue=5 |page=96 |issn=1070-4701 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> A matsayinta na wakiliya a taron jam'iyyar Democrat na ƙasa, Brazile ta ci gaba da kin ayyana ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat da ta fi so. A wata hira da Stephen Colbert, mai barkwanci a siyasa, Brazile ta ce, "Duba, ni mace ce, don haka ina son Hillary. Ni baƙar fata ce; ina son Obama. Amma kuma ina da fushi, don haka ina son John McCain." Fidda gwanin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2008 a Florida da Michigan ya fara sa wakilan waɗannan jihohi biyu aka hana su zama a taron jam'iyyar Democrat saboda jihohin sun gabatar da zaɓen fidda gwanin da suka yi da dokokin jam'iyyar DNC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambinder |first=Marc |date=December 1, 2007 |title=The DNC Strips Michigan of Delegates |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2007/12/the-dnc-strips-michigan-of-delegates/51150/ |access-date=September 5, 2008 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |publisher=[[Atlantic Media]]}}</ref> Brazile ta ce, "Muna buƙatar aika saƙon cewa ba za ku iya karya dokokin ba," ta ƙara da cewa, "Na yi fushi da kusan kowace jiha a aikina." <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 29, 2008 |title=Donna Brazile cuts loose on 2008 campaign |url=http://www.politicswest.com/2008_election/20993/donna_brazile_cuts_loose_2008_campaign |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906235807/http://www.politicswest.com/2008_election/20993/donna_brazile_cuts_loose_2008_campaign |archive-date=September 6, 2008 |access-date=September 5, 2008 |website=PoliticsWest}}</ref> A taron Kwamitin Dokoki don yanke shawara kan rabon da aka ware wa waɗannan jihohi, an ambato ta: "Mahaifiyata ta koya min yin wasa da ƙa'idodi da kuma girmama waɗannan ƙa'idodi. Mahaifiyata ta koya min, kuma na tabbata mahaifiyarki ta koya miki, cewa lokacin da kika yanke shawarar canza ƙa'idodi, tsakiyar wasan, ƙarshen wasan, ana kiransa da yaudara." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Quote of the day |url=http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/05/31/1090183.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204224709/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/05/31/1090183.aspx |archive-date=February 4, 2009 |access-date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[MSNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]}}</ref> Ta yi suka sosai ga Kwaskwarima ta Stupak-Pitts, wadda ta sanya iyaka kan zubar da ciki da masu biyan haraji ke bayarwa a cikin mahallin Dokar Kula da Lafiya Mai Sauƙi ta Amurka ta Nuwamba 2009. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2012 === Tsawon makonni da dama a bazarar 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar riƙo ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Ƙasa. A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar DNC, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar a lokacin sauyi tsakanin shugaban da ke barin gado Tim Kaine, wanda ya yi murabus don tsayawa takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka, da wanda zai gaje shi, 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Florida [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]], wacce ba a ba ta izinin hawa wannan matsayi ba sai aƙalla kwanaki goma sha biyar bayan an zaɓe ta a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2011. Bayan naɗa Wasserman Schultz a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar DNC, Brazile ta koma matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugaba. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2016 === [[Fayil:Donna_Brazile_Nashua_Oct_2016_02.jpg|thumb|'Yan Brazil suna kamfen wa [[Hillary Clinton]] a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Nashua da ke New Hampshire, 7 ga Oktoba, 2016.]] Bayan da Debbie Wasserman Schultz ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2016, a farkon Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Democrat na 2016, Brazile ta zama shugabar riƙon ƙwarya ta DNC. ^{[[Debbie Wasserman Schultz|[73]]]} Brazile ce ke da alhakin shirin kashe kuɗi don ƙara yawan masu jefa ƙuri'a a cikin gari a wurare kamar Chicago da New Orleans - duk da cewa Illinois ko Louisiana ba su da gasa - saboda tsoron cewa Clinton za ta lashe zaɓen Kwalejin Zaɓe amma ta rasa ƙuri'un jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dovere |first=Edward-Isaac |date=December 14, 2016 |title=How Clinton lost Michigan — and blew the election |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/michigan-hillary-clinton-trump-232547 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |website=Politico}}</ref> ==== Raba tambayoyi game da muhawara da yakin neman zaben Clinton ==== Wani bincike da [[WikiLeaks]] ta yi a kan imel ya nuna cewa Brazile ta aika saƙon imel a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2016, ga John Podesta da Jennifer Palmieri mai taken: "Ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da aka yi wa HRC gobe daga mace ce mai kurji." Saƙon ya ci gaba da cewa, "iyalinta suna da gubar gubar kuma za ta yi tambaya, ko akwai wani abu, menene Hillary za ta yi a matsayinta na shugaba don taimaka wa jama'ar Flint." A taron da aka yi a Flint, an gabatar da irin wannan tambayar daga memba na masu sauraro Mikki Wade, wanda danginsa suka ji rauni sakamakon ruwan gubar. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2016, wani shafin yanar gizo na WikiLeaks ya ƙunshi wani imel da Brazile ta aika a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2016 ga darektan sadarwa na Clinton Jennifer Palmieri tare da taken taken: "Lokaci zuwa lokaci ina samun tambayoyi a gaba." A cikin imel ɗin, Brazile ta tattauna damuwarta game da ikon Clinton na gabatar da tambaya game da hukuncin kisa, kuma a cikin muhawarar zauren CNN washegari, Clinton ta sami irin wannan tambaya game da hukuncin kisa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Wikileaks mystery: How did town hall question get to Clinton campaign? |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/11/media/donna-brazile-wikileaks-question/ |access-date=October 22, 2016 |website=CNN |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012145052/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/11/media/donna-brazile-wikileaks-question/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar shafin yanar gizo na fasaha Errata Security, an tabbatar da imel ɗin da ake magana a kai ta amfani da shirin tabbatarwa na yau da kullun da tsarin DKIM . Da farko Brazile ta musanta karbar ko gabatar da wata tambaya game da kamfen din Clinton, kuma ta yi watsi da kungiyar WikiLeaks a matsayin "wadannan masu fallasa sirrin mutane suna kokarin rage min radadi". <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=@donnabrazile}}</ref> Ta zargi wakilin TYT Politics Jordan Chariton da "yin wa mace sharri." <ref>{{Cite web |last=TYT Politics |date=October 19, 2016 |title=Jordan's NOT HAVING Donna Brazile's Russia Dodge! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-JChl8w6oQ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103055839/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-JChl8w6oQ |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=November 3, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Da aka yi wa mai gabatar da labarai na Fox News Megyn Kelly tambayoyi, Brazile ta ce, "A matsayina na mace Kirista, na fahimci zalunci. Ba zan zauna a nan in fuskanci zalunci ba saboda bayananka ba gaskiya ba ne." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Megyn Kelly vs. Donna Brazile: Did You Receive Debate Question Beforehand?; Brazile: I Will Not Be "Persecuted" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/10/19/megyn_kelly_vs_donna_brazile_did_you_receive_debate_question_beforehand_brazile_i_will_not_be_persecuted.html |access-date=November 3, 2017 |website=www.realclearpolitics.com}}</ref> Jake Tapper, tsohon abokin aikin Brazile a CNN, ya bayar da ra'ayinsa game da fallasa wata tambaya ga wani ɗan takarar Shugaban ƙasa, inda ya kira ta da "abin takaici sosai" sannan ya ƙara da cewa "a fannin jarida, abin tsoro ne". Duk da haka, Brazile ta ce lamirinta "yana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wemple |first=Erik |date=November 7, 2016 |title=Donna Brazile: 'My conscience is very clear' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/11/07/donna-brazile-my-conscience-is-very-clear/ |via=washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Daga baya ta yi tsokaci: "Idan dole ne in sake yin hakan, da na san abubuwa da yawa game da tsaron yanar gizo." A wani jawabi da aka yi a Kwalejin Aikin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Mass a harabar Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2016, Brazile ta yi Allah wadai da bayanan da aka fallasa, wanda jami'an leken asiri suka ce sun fito ne daga Rasha, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanger |first=David |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=October 7, 2016 |title=U.S. Says Russia Directed Hacks to Influence Elections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/us-formally-accuses-russia-of-stealing-dnc-emails.html?_r=0 |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> kuma ta ce an yi su ne don "gurguza wani zabe, wargaza ko ɓata sunan dimokuradiyyarmu" sannan a ƙarshe ta yi ƙoƙarin "samar da sakamako mafi dacewa ga su da muradunsu." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Don |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Brazile condemns cyberattack on U.S. election process |url=http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/federal-politics/brazile-condemns-cyberattack-on-u-s-election-process/article_e9a468f3-11da-534d-a164-40fccd4d5780.html |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=Lincoln Journal Star}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2016, ''[[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]]'' ta ruwaito cewa: "CNN ta yanke alaƙa da mai tsara dabarun dimokuradiyya Donna Brazile, bayan da aka yi kutse a cikin imel daga WikiLeaks ya nuna cewa ta raba tambayoyi game da abubuwan da CNN ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a gaba tare da abokai kan yakin neman zaben Hillary Clinton." CNN ta ce ta amince da murabus dinta a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, inda ta kara da cewa: "Ba mu ji daɗin abin da muka koya game da hulɗarta da yakin neman zaben Clinton ba yayin da take mai ba da gudummawa a CNN." A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2016, Shugaban CNN Jeff Zucker ya fara wani kira na cikin gida game da hadin gwiwar. Zucker ya sanar da ma'aikatansa cewa, duk da cewa an yi cikakken bincike kan lamarin kuma an magance wadanda suka aikata laifin, fahimtar cewa kamfen din ya sami tambayoyi a gaba "yana cutar da mu duka," ya kara da cewa, "Ba ni da juriya ga halayenta ko irin wannan halin," yana mai bayyana huldar da tsohuwar mai sharhi kan hanyar sadarwa Brazile da yakin neman zaben Clinton a matsayin "abin kyama" da kuma "abin kyama." A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2017, Brazile ta amince ta tura tambayoyin muhawara ga kamfen ɗin Clinton a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat na 2016, yayin da take Mataimakin Shugabar DNC kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai sharhi a CNN. A cikin wata muƙala da ta rubuta wa mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', ta ce, "Sannan a watan Oktoba, wani sakin imel da aka yi daga baya ya nuna cewa daga cikin abubuwa da yawa da na yi a matsayina na mai gudanar da jam'iyyar Democrat da Mataimakin Shugabar DNC kafin na ɗauki matsayin Shugaban DNC na wucin gadi shine raba batutuwan zauren gari da yakin neman zaben Clinton." Brazile ta ci gaba da bayani: "Aikina shine in sa duk 'yan takararmu na Democrat su yi kyau, kuma na yi aiki tare da kamfen ɗin biyu don ganin hakan ta faru. Amma aika waɗannan imel ɗin kuskure ne da zan yi nadama har abada." <ref name="time_brazile" /> A cikin littafin tarihinta na shekarar 2017 mai suna ''Hacks'', Brazile ta rubuta game da "zargin tambayoyin da ake yi mata." {{Rp|}} === Koyarwar jami'a da alaƙarta === Duk da wannan badakalar, Brazile ta ci gaba da aiki a kwamitoci daban-daban, ciki har da Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Kasa (NDI), wacce manufarta ita ce tabbatar da zabe mai 'yanci da adalci. Ta kasance mai sa ido kan zabe a Kenya don zaben shugaban kasa na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonzo |first=Paulina Chavez |last2=Mahoney |first2=Ryan |date=2022-08-11 |title=NDI-IRI Joint International Election Observer Mission Presents Initial Findings and Recommendations Following the August 9 General Elections in Kenya |url=https://www.iri.org/news/ndi-iri-joint-international-election-observer-mission-presents-initial-findings-and-recommendations-following-the-august-9-general-elections-in-kenya/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711210620/https://www.iri.org/news/ndi-iri-joint-international-election-observer-mission-presents-initial-findings-and-recommendations-following-the-august-9-general-elections-in-kenya/ |archive-date=2024-07-11 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=[[International Republican Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar jami'a a Jami'ar Maryland, College Park, wata abokiyar aiki a Cibiyar Siyasa ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]], kuma farfesa ce ta biyu a fannin Nazarin Mata da Jinsi a Jami'ar Georgetown . Ita memba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na Taron Mock na Jami'ar Washington da Lee . <ref name=":1" /> === Mai Sharhi === Brazile ta kasance mai bayar da gudummawa da sharhi kan siyasa a ''shirin The Situation Room'' na CNN na mako-mako kuma ta bayyana a shirin ''American Morning'' da kuma wanda zai gaje ta, ''New Day'' . Ta kan bayyana a ''shirin CNN Tonight tare da Don Lemon'' akai-akai, kuma ta kasance memba a kwamitin bako na [[Anderson Cooper]] na masana siyasa a shirin CNN na Zaɓen Dare. Brazile kuma ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma darakta mai kula da Brazile and Associates kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga NPR 's Political Corner da ABC News . Brazile ta amince da juna da CNN da ABC don dakatar da kwangilolinta da hanyoyin sadarwar domin ta zama shugabar riƙon ƙwarya ta DNC. A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2016, CNN ta sanar da cewa Brazile ta yi murabus a hukumance kuma za ta yanke alaƙarta da Brazile a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ta CNN, saboda bayanan da ba su dace ba da suka fito daga yakin neman zaɓen Clinton yayin da take aiki a cibiyar sadarwar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byers |first=Dylan |date=2016-10-31 |title=Donna Brazile out at CNN amid leaks to Clinton campaign |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/index.html |access-date=2017-03-18 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132038/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2019, Brazile ta zama mai ba da gudummawa ga Fox News . Ta bayyana cewa ta "yi farin ciki da shiga FOX News" yayin da ta amince cewa wasu 'yan Democrat na iya sukar shawararta. === Marubuci === Brazile marubuciya ce mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Ms. Magazine'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Donna Brazile Archives |url=http://msmagazine.com/blog/tag/donna-brazile/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=Ms. Magazine}}</ref> kuma marubuciya ce a cikin ''Roll Call'' . <ref name="naacpjournal">{{Cite journal |last=Samuel |first=Terence |date=Jul–Aug 2004 |editor-last=Valentine |editor-first=Victoria L. |title=Having Her Say |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIEAAAAMBAJ |journal=The Crisis |publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company |volume=111 |issue=4 |page=27 |issn=0011-1422 |access-date=19 December 2017 |quote=Donna Brazile speech is a leisurely tour of .the political life of one woman who defied the odds to become a political power broker in a world where being Black and female might ordinarily limit one's prospects. But it is also a funny, and oftentimes ... In April, Brazile penned a Roll Call column headlined: "Memo to Mary Beth Cahill," urging Kerry's campaign manager to get the candidate to sit down and work out his differences with Ralph Nader.}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster ta buga littafin ''Cooking with Grease – Stirring the Pots in American Politics'', littafin tarihin rayuwarta da aikinta a siyasa. A cewar Elisabeth Rosenthal ta ''[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]] ,'' "Duk da cewa littafin ya ƙunshi tarihin rayuwarta mai ban sha'awa game da yadda wata yarinya baƙar fata 'yar talauci ta zo don gudanar da kamfen na shugaban ƙasa, buga littafin yana ba wa Ms. Brazile mai rashin kunya damar yin magana a rubuce da kuma a cikin tambayoyi kan manyan batutuwa, kamar abin da ya faru a 2000 da kuma abin da 'yan Democrat ke buƙatar yi don cin nasara a 2004." Brazile ita ce kuma marubuciyar littafin ''For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Politics'' (2018), tare da Yolanda Caraway, Leah Daughtry, da Minyon Moore . ==== ''Masu Kutse: Labarin Ciki'' ==== A watan Yulin 2017, Hachette Books ta sanar da cewa ta sami haƙƙin littafin Brazile mai zuwa, ''Hacks: The Inside Story of the Break-ins and Breakdowns That Put Donald Trump in the White House'', wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Hachette ta ce littafin zai zama "abin sha'awa na kamfen, tarihin rayuwa, da taswirar hanya ta gaba." Matt Latimer da Keith Urbahn, abokan hulɗa a hukumar adabi da kirkire-kirkire ta Javelin, sun wakilci Brazile a tattaunawar da suka yi da Hachette. Aikin "wani mummunan tarihin abubuwan da ta fuskanta da kamfen ɗin Clinton, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin wanda ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba kuma ba shi da sha'awa." A cikin wani ɓangare na littafin da aka buga a mujallar ''Politico'', Brazile ta rubuta cewa ta sami "yarjejeniya mara kyau" tsakanin kamfen ɗin Clinton da DNC wanda ya ba Clinton damar yin iko da jam'iyyar tun kafin ta zama 'yar takararta. Daga baya, a cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a shirin ABC na ''This Week'' a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2017, Brazile ta ce ba ta sami wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an yi magudi a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat don goyon bayan Clinton ba. <ref name="Lima" /> Brazile ta rubuta cewa bayan Clinton ta suma a wani taron tunawa da harin 9/11 a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2016, ta yi la'akari sosai da maye gurbin Clinton a matsayin 'yar takarar Democrat, ta zabi Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Joe Biden a madadinta. A karkashin yarjejeniyar DNC, shugaban jam'iyyar zai iya ayyana wanda zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa "nakasa," wanda hakan zai haifar da wani tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ya kunshi taron cikakken DNC. A cikin hirar da aka yi da ABC, ta bayyana cewa "tana da wasu hade-hade da yawa. Wannan wani abu ne da kuke nunawa a zuciyarku." A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2017, sama da tsoffin ma'aikatan yakin neman zaben Clinton 100 sun buga wata wasika a bude tana cewa "ba su amince da yakin neman zaben da ta nuna a cikin littafin ba." Sun ce sun yi mamakin jin cewa Brazile ta yi la'akari da maye gurbin Clinton a kan tikitin kuma sun damu da cewa Brazile ta amince da "farfagandar karya da Rasha ta yi amfani da ita" game da lafiyar Clinton. ''Jaridar Washington Post ta kuma yi nazari kan sahihancin zarge-zargen Brazile.'' A watan Satumba na 2015, jaridar ta riga ta ba da rahoto game da yarjejeniyar tara kuɗi tsakanin Hillary da DNC wadda Brazile ta bayyana kuma ta lura cewa magoya bayan Sanders sun san da hakan. <ref name="truthfree" /> An kuma ruwaito cewa Brazile ta san game da yarjejeniyar kafin ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai a bainar jama'a. <ref name="truthfree" /> === Mai wasan kwaikwayo === Brazile memba ce a ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Screen Actors Guild' - American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) kuma ta fito a matsayin bakuwa a cikin shirye-shirye uku na wasan kwaikwayo na [[CBS]] ''The Good Wife'' da kuma wani shiri na wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] ''House of Cards'' . Ta kuma fito a matsayin wani sabon salo na kanta a cikin ''Army of the Dead'' tare da Sean Spicer . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2021 |title=Army of the Dead: Sean Spicer's Cameo & Donald Trump Jokes Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/army-dead-movie-sean-spicer-donald-trump-explained/ |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2021 |title=The Controversial Former White House Staffer Who Cameos in Army of the Dead |url=https://www.looper.com/417708/the-controversial-former-white-house-staffer-who-cameos-in-army-of-the-dead/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1999, ''Mujallar New York Times'' ta bayyana Brazile a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi wadda ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Millennium March a Washington . Mujallar ta ce tana "kare sirrinta sosai" kuma ta kira ta "babu tabbas" game da yanayin jima'inta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Sullivan |date=December 12, 1999 |title=Not a Straight Story |url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/19991212mag-counterculture.html |access-date=November 2, 2016 |website=The New York Times Magazine}}</ref> Brazile ƴar [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce kuma ta ce tana son zama firist tun tana ƙarama amma ba ta ci gaba da yin hakan ba bayan mahaifiyarta ta gaya wa ' ya'yanta mata cewa ba za su iya zama firistoci ba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Donna Brazile & Ana Navarra |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4710535/donna-brazile-ana-navarra |access-date=2018-09-16 |website=C-SPAN.org |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2025, Brazile ta zama memba na girmamawa na ƙungiyar Delta Sigma Theta . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=Delta Sigma Theta Inducts A Monumental 2025 Class Of Honorary Members Who Embody Black Excellence |url=https://www.essence.com/culture/delta-sigma-theta-2025-honorary-members/ |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mcf2r07ff9fswek0b5nf1185wgndapd 0 142473 966101 801603 2026-10-11T08:28:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra ta Norway''' (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2004) ita ce 'yar fari ta Yarima Haakon kuma ta biyu ta Gimbiya Mette-Marit, kuma jikan Sarki Harald V. Ita ce ta biyu a layin maye gurbin kursiyin Norway bayan mahaifinta. Tana wakiltar ƙarni na biyar na Gidan sarauta na Norway na Gidan Glücksburg . Tana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Yarima Sverre Magnus, wanda ta kasance a sama a cikin layin maye bayan aiwatar da cikakken primogeniture a cikin 1990.<ref name="konge1">{{Cite web |date=12 February 2013 |title=Order of succession |url=http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28654&sek=27302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929194648/http://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=28654&sek=27302 |archive-date=29 September 2018 |access-date=24 May 2014 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> == Haihuwar haihuwa da baftisma == [[Fayil:The_Crown_Prince_and_Princess_Ingrid_Alexandra_of_Norway.jpg|thumb|Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra tare da mahaifinta a 2007]] An haife shi a ranar 21 ga Janairu 2004 da karfe 9:13 na safe a Asibitin Kasa, wani bangare na Asibitin Jami'ar Oslo a Oslo, Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra ita ce diya ta farko kuma diyar Yarima Haakon mai jiran gado. Ita ce jikanyar Sarki Harald V da Sarauniya Sonja.[1] Mahaifiyarta, Crown Princess Mette-Marit, tana da ɗa mai suna Marius Borg Høiby, an haife shi a cikin 1997 daga dangantakar da ba ta da aure da Morten Borg.[2] A ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 2019, an tabbatar da Ingrid Alexandra a cikin Fadar Chapel a [[Oslo]] tare da dukkan iyayenta. == Ilimi da aikin soja == === Ilimi a makaranta === Ingrid Alexandra ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Sem a Asker, Akershus daga Afrilu 2006 har zuwa Agusta 2010. Ta fara ranar farko ta makarantar firamare a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2010 a [[:no:Jansløkka skole (Asker)|Makarantar Jansløkka]], Makarantar jihar da ɗan'uwanta ya halarta. Iyayenta sun zaɓi makarantar saboda suna son ta kasance yarinya ta yau da kullun. Rahotanni na jarida sun ce Ingrid Alexandra za ta yi tafiya zuwa makaranta tare da dan uwanta, kuma 'yan yankin na iya sa ran ganin ta a wasu lokuta a cikin al'umma tare da abokan karatunta a tafiye-tafiye na makaranta. Jami'an makarantar suna fatan yin makarantar wuri inda gimbiya za ta iya yin abokai kuma ta ji daɗin ɗan taimako daga binciken jama'a. A ranar 17 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, dangin sarauta na Norway sun ba da sanarwar cewa daga farkon shekarar makaranta ta 2014-2015, Ingrid Alexandra za ta sauya zuwa makarantar Turanci mai zaman kanta ta Oslo, wanda aka ruwaito saboda iyayenta suna son ta iya Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Princess Ingrid of Norway starts first day at new school on proud mum Mette-Marit's birthday |url=http://ca.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2014081920547/princess-mette-marit-ingrid-alexandra-first-day-school/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140820022623/http://ca.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2014081920547/princess-mette-marit-ingrid-alexandra-first-day-school/ |archive-date=20 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Hello}}</ref> An tura Ingrid Alexandra zuwa Makarantar Uranienborg ta Oslo don kammala karatun sakandare. Ta kasance daga cikin majalisar dalibai a Makarantar Uranienborg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2020 |title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway has been helping her classmates during home-schooling sessions |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2020042788795/princess-ingrid-alexandra-norway-homeschooling/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230826140840/https://www.hellomagazine.com/royalty/2020042788795/princess-ingrid-alexandra-norway-homeschooling/ |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=26 August 2023 |website=Hello}}</ref> A cikin fall of 2020, ta fara ci gaba da karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Elvebakken a Oslo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra begynner på Elvebakken videregående skole |trans-title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra starts at Elvebakken upper secondary school |url=https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-begynner-pa-elvebakken-videregaende-skole-1.15080615 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200706120232/https://www.nrk.no/osloogviken/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-begynner-pa-elvebakken-videregaende-skole-1.15080615 |archive-date=6 July 2020 |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=NRK |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu a watan Afrilun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2023 |title=Prinsessens hilsen til russen |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=218765&sek=26939 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230826135721/https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=218765&sek=26939 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=Kongehuset |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, Ingrid Alexandra ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar makaranta da ma'aikaciyar muhalli a Makarantar Uranienborg.<ref name="hverdag">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Ny hverdag for Prinsesse |trans-title=New everyday life for the Princess |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=220174&sek=112472 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230826140105/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=220174&sek=112472 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=Kongehuset |language=Norwegian}}</ref> === Ayyukan soja === Ingrid Alexandra ta fara aikin soja na watanni 12 a matsayin mai ba da izini a Battalion Injiniya na Yakin a Brigade Nord a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2024.<ref name="nrk24">{{Cite web |date=17 January 2024 |title=Her tar soldaten prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra fatt på sin nye hverdag: – Jeg angrer ikke |trans-title=Here, the soldier princess Ingrid Alexandra begins her new everyday life: - I have no regrets |url=https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/prinsesse-ingrid-alexndra-i-gang-med-rekrutten-i-forsvaret-i-troms-1.16718268 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523073558/https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-i-gang-med-rekrutten-i-forsvaret-i-troms-1.16718268 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[NRK]] |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Skoglund |first=Kari Anne |last2=Straumsnes |first2=Malin |date=9 January 2024 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandras nye hverdag i grønt |trans-title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra's new everyday life in green |url=https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/xl/dette-venter-prinsessa-i-forsvaret-1.16706804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523085203/https://www.nrk.no/tromsogfinnmark/xl/dette-venter-prinsessa-i-forsvaret-1.16706804 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[NRK]] |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name="hverdag"/> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matasan Norwegian 9,900 da aka zaba don aikin soja a cikin 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braw |first=Elisabeth |date=25 January 2024 |title=In Norway, young people compete to serve in the military |url=https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2024/01/norway-young-people-compete-serve-military/393599/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628065234/https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2024/01/norway-young-people-compete-serve-military/393599/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Defense One}}</ref> Ingrid Alexandra ta yi aiki a sansanin Skjold, Øverbygd . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2024 |title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway Begins Her Military Training |url=https://www.hola.com/us/royals/20240118354905/princess-ingrid-alexandra-norway-begins-military-training/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240528161117/https://www.hola.com/us/royals/20240118354905/princess-ingrid-alexandra-norway-begins-military-training/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=Hola!}}</ref> Ta yi amfani da sunanta na biyu Alexandra a matsayin sunan mahaifiyarta a lokacin aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2024 |title=Rekrutt Alexandra: – Angrer ikke |trans-title=Recruit Alexandra: - No regrets |url=https://www.forsvaretsforum.no/haeren-ingeniorbataljonen-innenriks/rekrutt-alexandra-angrer-ikke/360836 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628070220/https://www.forsvaretsforum.no/haeren-ingeniorbataljonen-innenriks/rekrutt-alexandra-angrer-ikke/360836 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Forsvarets Forum |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Da farko an horar da ita a makarantar daukar ma'aikata na makonni takwas inda ta sami ilimin soja na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bjørnstad |first=Malini Gaare |date=17 January 2024 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra: Her er svaret "alle" lurer på |trans-title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra: Here is the answer "everyone" is wondering |url=https://www.tv2.no/underholdning/her-er-svaret-alle-lurer-pa/16370992/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628125426/https://www.tv2.no/underholdning/her-er-svaret-alle-lurer-pa/16370992/ |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=[[TV 2 (Norwegian TV channel)|TV 2]] |language=Norwegian |quote=Prinsessen skal være i militæret i ett år og er nå i gang med rekruttskolen hvor hun får grunnleggende militær opplæring. [The princess will be in the military for one year and is now starting the recruit school where she will receive basic military training.]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rekruttskulen |trans-title=Recruit School |url=https://www.forsvaret.no/forstegangstjeneste/rekruttskolen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628125737/https://www.forsvaret.no/forstegangstjeneste/rekruttskolen |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=[[Norwegian Armed Forces|Forsvaret]] |language=Norwegian |quote=Rekruttperioden er dei første 6–8 vekene i førstegongstenesta, og der du får den militære grunnutdanninga. [The recruitment period is the first 6–8 weeks of the service, and during which you receive your basic military education.]}}</ref> Bayan lokacin daukar ma'aikata, an sanya Ingrid Alexandra a matsayin sabis, tana fuskantar lokacin ƙwararru tare da takamaiman ilimi, sannan kuma horo da aiki na sashen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGeer |first=Catherine |date=19 January 2024 |title=Royal recruit: Military training for Norwegian princess |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/01/19/royal-recruit-military-training-for-norwegian-princess/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623083223/https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/01/19/royal-recruit-military-training-for-norwegian-princess/ |archive-date=23 June 2024 |access-date=23 June 2024 |website=Euro Weekly News}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2024, Kotun Sarauta ta Norway ta ba da sanarwar cewa Ingrid Alexandra ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bindiga a kan motar yaki ta CV-90.<ref name="Ingeniørsoldat">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Ingeniørsoldat Alexandra |trans-title=Engineer Soldier Alexandra |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=228341&sek=26939 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241022184603/https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=228341&sek=26939 |archive-date=22 October 2024 |access-date=19 September 2024 |website=Kongehuset |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Kotun ta kuma sanar da cewa ta tsawaita aikin soja zuwa watanni 15.<ref name="Ingeniørsoldat" /> Ta kammala aikin soja a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helljesen |first=Vilde |date=2025-04-02 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra ferdig i militæret: – Har lært mye om meg selv |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-ferdig-i-militaeret_-_-har-laert-mye-om-meg-selv-1.17358167 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref> === Ilimi na sakandare === A watan Mayu 2025, gidan sarauta na Norway ya sanar da cewa Ingrid Alexandra ta shiga karatun digiri na farko a Jami'ar Sydney, Australia, wanda ya fara a watan Agusta 2025. "Ta zabi digiri na shekaru uku tare da mai da hankali kan dangantakar kasa da kasa da tattalin arzikin siyasa," sanarwar ta ci gaba. Gimbiya za ta zauna a harabar jami'ar da ke Camperdown, New South Wales, kusa da Sydney CBD, kuma za ta ɗauki mataki baya daga bayyanar sarautarta yayin karatu.[1] == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Prinsesse_Ingrid_Alexandra_Kadettangen.jpg|thumb|Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra ta bude shirye-shiryen Red Cross na Bincike da Ceto na Norway a Kadettangen a Sandvika a Bærum a watan Yunin 2025.]] A ranar 19 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2010, Ingrid Alexandra ta yi aiki a matsayin amarya a bikin auren Yarima Victoria na Sweden da Daniel Westling. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yorke |first=Yvonne |date=20 June 2010 |title=Princess Victoria's Wedding & The Triumph Of Style In Sweden (UPDATED PHOTOS, POLL) |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/princess-victorias-weddin_b_618666 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230826142054/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/princess-victorias-weddin_b_618666 |archive-date=26 August 2023 |access-date=24 May 2014 |website=Huffpost}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, Gimbiya ta halarci wata hira da mahaifinta ta hanyar shirin talabijin na Norway don taimakawa jami'an muhalli, kungiyar muhalli ta yara. Mahaifiyarta ya kamata ta halarci, amma Yarima ya halarci maimakon haka yayin da Yarima ta yi rashin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N/A |first=Gunhild |date=23 December 2012 |title=Se prinsessen i Julemorgen! |url=http://nrksuper.no/super/blog/se-prinsessen-i-julemorgen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090343/http://nrksuper.no/super/blog/se-prinsessen-i-julemorgen/ |archive-date=18 February 2018 |access-date=24 May 2014 |website=[[NRK Super]] |publisher=[[NRK]] |language=no}}</ref> Ta shiga cikin bukukuwan gargajiya na Ranar Kundin Tsarin Mulki, da kuma gasar tsalle-tsalle ta gargajiya a Holmenkollen a Oslo . <ref name="alexandra">{{Cite web |title=Her Royal Highness Princess Ingrid Alexandra |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28778&sek=28633 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407113539/https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=28778&sek=28633 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=1 September 2019 |website=Royal House of Norway}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2015, Ingrid Alexandra ta yi wa kamfanin ceto na Norway baftisma, Elias, a aikinta na farko na sarauta. Tare da kakanta Sarki, an sanya ta uwargidan jirgin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Døpte RS Elias |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=127258&sek=26939 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150921101002/http://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=127258&sek=26939 |archive-date=21 September 2015 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=Kongehuset |language=no}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu 2016, ''Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra Sculpture Park'' ta buɗe a cikin Palace Park, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin cika shekaru 25 na Sarki da Sarauniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The statues in the Palace Park |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=29640&sek=113201&scope=27248 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629105903/https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=29640&sek=113201&scope=27248 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> Yana da siffofi da aka yi wa yara da yara. Tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar kayayyaki daga cikin gudummawar da aka bayar ga wurin shakatawa daga yara masu makaranta a duk faɗin Norway. A cikin 2018, ta ba da jagora yawon shakatawa na wurin shakatawa ga Duke da Duchess na Cambridge, a lokacin ziyarar su zuwa Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2018 |title=Official visit from the United Kingdom |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=160786&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629110219/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=160786&sek=27262 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun 2016, Ingrid Alexandra da kakanta sun halarci bikin bude gasar Olympics ta matasa ta hunturu ta II a Lillehammer: Sarki, kamar yadda ya yi a gasar Olympics ta hunturu a shekarar 1994, ya ayyana wasannin sun buɗe, yayin da Gimbiya, kamar mahaifinta Yarima Haakon ya yi shekaru 22 da suka gabata, ya kunna tukunya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2016 |title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra lit the Olympic fire |url=http://norwaytoday.info/news/princess-ingrid-alexandra-lit-the-olympic-fire/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160319085850/http://norwaytoday.info/news/princess-ingrid-alexandra-lit-the-olympic-fire/ |archive-date=19 March 2016 |access-date=13 February 2016 |publisher=Norway Today}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 2018, Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra ta yi wa jirgin bincike suna ''Kronprins Haakon'', wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan mahaifinta. An yi wa jirgin baftisma a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tromsø. Yarima ta yi magana game da sha'awarta ga teku da canjin yanayi, wanda ya motsa ta wajen yin baftisma da jirgin. Ta bayyana cewa jirgin zai kawo "sabon ilimi mai mahimmanci game da yankunan polar, game da teku da kuma game da canjin yanayi". Ingrid Alexandra ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar tseren kankara ta Norway don juniors a watan Oktoba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2018 |title=The Princess christened the Kronprins Haakon |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=166441&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629110633/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=166441&sek=27262 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=30 March 2021 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> An san ta da ƙwazo mai [[Surfing|hawan igiyar ruwa]], kuma tana horar da tseren kankara da kickboxing.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hjellen |first=Bjørnar |date=24 October 2020 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra tok NM-gull |trans-title=The princess surfed to NM gold |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-tok-nm-gull-1.15214065 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629105615/https://www.nrk.no/norge/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-tok-nm-gull-1.15214065 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=24 October 2020 |website=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|NRK]] |language=no}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 2022, Ingrid Alexandra ta ziyarci rassa uku na gwamnatin Norway: Storting, Kotun Koli da ofishin Firayim Minista. Wadannan ziyara sun kasance wani ɓangare na jerin ayyukan da Princess Ingrid Alexandra ta yi kafin ranar haihuwarta ta 18 washegari. Mahaifinta, Yarima Haakon, ya yi haka a ranar haihuwarsa ta 18 a shekarar 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2022 |title=Visited the branches of government |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=200725&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629111203/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=200725&sek=27262 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> A ranar haihuwarta a ranar 21 ga watan Janairu, ta halarci taron Majalisar Jiha tare da Yarima Haakon da Sarki Harald.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=The Princess observed the Council of State |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=203490&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629111514/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=203490&sek=27262 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan jerin wakilan taya murna daga jami'an Norway a Fadar Sarauta. Gimbiya ta sami taya murna daga wakilan rassan gwamnati da kuma majalisar dokokin Sámi, Gwamnonin gundumar, rundunar diflomasiyya, Sojojin Norway da Ikilisiyar Norway. An harba gaisuwar bindigogi da tsakar rana don yin bikin ranar haihuwar Ingrid Alexandra.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2022 |title=Congratulated the Princess on her 18th birthday |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=204365&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220629111914/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=204365&sek=27262 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=29 January 2022 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Yuni, gwamnati ta gudanar da abincin dare don bikin ranar haihuwarta ta 18 a ɗakin karatu na Oslo. A ranar 17 ga Yuni, kakanninta, Sarki da Sarauniya, sun shirya abincin dare a fadar sarauta. Baƙi daga gidajen sarauta da yawa na Turai sun halarci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2022, Ingrid Alexandra ta ziyarci sansanin Setermoen na Sojojin Norway a Indre Troms . A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, ita da iyayenta sun halarci bikin bikin ranar haihuwar Yarima Christian na Denmark a Fadar Christiansborg, Denmark.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hubbard |first=Lauren |date=16 October 2023 |title=The Heirs to the Thrones of Europe Gathered for Prince Christian of Denmark's Glitzy Birthday Celebration |url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g45547185/prince-christian-denmark-18th-birthday-photos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510130434/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g45547185/prince-christian-denmark-18th-birthday-photos/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]]}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, ta sa tufafin soja a karo na farko a ranar kundin tsarin mulki. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2025, ta shiga karo na farko a cikin shirin hukuma yayin Ziyarar jihar, dangane da ziyarar Norway da Shugaba Halla Tómasdóttir da mijinta suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helljesen |first=Vilde |date=2025-04-08 |title=Her er prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra på historisk oppdrag |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/her-er-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-pa-historisk-oppdrag-1.17372929 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AS |first=TV 2 |date=2025-04-08 |title=Dette har aldri skjedd før |url=https://www.tv2.no/underholdning/dette-har-aldri-skjedd-for/17629079/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=TV 2 |language=nb-NO}}</ref> === Bayani game da al'amuran Mette-Marit-Epstein da Høiby === A ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, Ingrid Alexandra ta wallafa wata sanarwa a shafinta na Instagram, daga baya kafofin watsa labarai na Norway suka ruwaito, inda ta watsar da zargi da aka yi wa mahaifiyarta game da [[Jeffrey Epstein]]">alakarta da take da Jeffrey Epstein kamar yadda ba ta zama ainihin batun ba. Ta bayyana cewa lamarin ba game da mahaifiyarta ba ne, ko kuma game da ɗan'uwanta Marius Borg Høiby, wanda ke fuskantar shari'a saboda [[fyade]], amma a maimakon haka ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a matsayin hare-hare kan iyalinta. Masanin sarauta Erik Mustad ya amsa cewa yayin da iyalin ke cikin matsin lamba, yawancin halin da ake ciki ya haifar da ayyukan mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta. Mai sharhi na sarauta Ole Jørgen Schulsrud-Hansen ya kira maganganunta da ba su dace ba kuma ya zarge ta da nuna hali kamar mai tasiri. == Matsayi na Tsarin Mulki == An canza Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Norway a cikin 1990 don gabatar da cikakkiyar haihuwa, tabbatar da cewa kambin zai wuce ga ɗan fari ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba amma yana riƙe da Yarima na Crown a gaban 'yar'uwarsa, Princess Märtha Louise; canjin zai nemi a karon farko ga' ya'yansu.[1][2] Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra ta kasance ta biyu a cikin layin maye gurbin tun lokacin haihuwa, wanda mahaifinta ne kawai ya riga shi. Saboda sake fasalin, matsayinta bai shafi haihuwar ɗan'uwanta, Yarima Sverre Magnus, a shekara ta 2005 ba.[3] Ana sa ran Gimbiya za ta zama mace ta farko a Norway tun lokacin Sarauniya Margaret, wacce ta yi mulki a kan Norway, Denmark da Sweden daga ƙarshen 1380s har zuwa mutuwarta a 1412.[4] Tare da iyayenta da kakanninta - amma ba kamar ƙanwarta Sverre Magnus ba, ɗan'uwanta Marius, da sauran dangi - Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra memba ne na Gidan sarauta na Norway. Iyalin na cikin Gidan Glücksburg ne.<ref name="konge2">{{Cite web |title=The Royal Family |url=http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903110902/http://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28435&sek=27259 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=25 December 2013 |website=royalcourt.no |publisher=Norwegian Royal Court}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ingrid Alexandra tana cikin dangantaka da Magnus Heien Haugstad, ɗaliban tattalin arziki na Norway daga Bærum, tsakanin 2022 da 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2024 |title=Brudd med kjæresten |trans-title=Breakup with boyfriend |url=https://www.seher.no/kongelig/brudd-med-kjaeresten/81557670 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628032449/https://www.seher.no/kongelig/brudd-med-kjaeresten/81557670 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024 |publisher=[[Se og Hør]] |language=nb}}</ref> == Takardun sarauta, salo, girmamawa da makamai == === Takardun sarauta da salo === * 21 Janairu 2004 - yanzu: Sarauniyar Sarauniya Ingrid Alexandra ta Norway Sarauniyar sarauniyar Sarauniyar [1] ** Sarauniyar Sarauniya Ingrid Alexandra ta Norway ** Sarauniyar Sarauniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Her Royal Highness The Princess |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28797&sek=28432 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120142223/https://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=28797&sek=28432 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=The Royal House of Norway}}</ref> === Matsayin soja === ; Sojojin Norway[[Fayil:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Norwegian_Army.svg|25x25px]] * 17 Janairu 2024 - 13 Maris 2024: An tattara shi.<ref name="nrk24"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hvitmyhr |first=Bastian Lunde |date=9 January 2024 |title=Her skal prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra bli soldat |trans-title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra will become a soldier here |url=https://www.ht.no/nyheter/i/Knw1xe/her-paa-skjold-leir-skal-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-bli-soldat |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628140954/https://www.ht.no/nyheter/i/Knw1xe/her-paa-skjold-leir-skal-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-bli-soldat |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Harstad Tidende |language=Norwegian |quote=Den første opplæringen ferske vernepliktige møter heter rekrutten, ... |trans-quote=The first training fresh conscripts meet is called the recruits, ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sætermo |first=Audun |last2=Sataøen |first2=Henrik |date=13 January 2024 |title=Slik blir Ingrid Alexandras førstegangstjeneste |trans-title=This is how Ingrid Alexandra's first service will be |url=https://www.forsvaretsforum.no/forstegangstjeneste-ingeniorbataljonen-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra/slik-blir-ingrid-alexandras-forstegangstjeneste/359573 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628142948/https://www.forsvaretsforum.no/forstegangstjeneste-ingeniorbataljonen-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra/slik-blir-ingrid-alexandras-forstegangstjeneste/359573 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Forsvarets Forum |language=Norwegian |quote=Etter rekruttskolen, som varer mellom syv og åtte uker, skal de nye soldatene over i stilling. |trans-quote=After the recruit school, which lasts between seven and eight weeks, the new soldiers will move into position.}}</ref> * 13 Maris 2024 - 4 Afrilu 2025: Masu zaman kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hvitmyhr |first=Bastian Lunde |date=9 January 2024 |title=Her skal prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra bli soldat |trans-title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra will become a soldier here |url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/q157kL/her-paa-skjold-leir-skal-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-bli-soldat |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628144213/https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/q157kL/her-paa-skjold-leir-skal-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-bli-soldat |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=[[Verdens Gang]] |language=Norwegian |quote=Soldatene har den laveste graden, menig, i førstegangstjenesten i Hæren. |trans-quote=The soldiers have the lowest rank, private, in the mandatory military service in the Army.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hvitmyhr |first=Bastian Lunde |last2=Viskjer |first2=Nora |date=18 January 2024 |title=Møt rekrutt Alexandra |trans-title=Meet Recruit Alexandra |url=https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/eJj0eK/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-rekrutt-alexandra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629084854/https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/eJj0eK/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-rekrutt-alexandra |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=[[Verdens Gang]] |language=Norwegian |quote=I førstegangstjenesten har soldatene den laveste graden som er menig. |trans-quote=In the mandatory military service, the soldiers have the lowest rank that is private.}}</ref> === Daraja === ==== Darajar ƙasa ==== * Babban Gicciye na Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (21 Janairu 2022) <ref name="Orders-Princess">{{Cite web |title=H.K.H. Prinsessens dekorasjoner |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=200711&sek=200816/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017135123/https://www.kongehuset.no/artikkel.html?tid=200711&sek=200816/ |archive-date=17 October 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Kongehuset}}</ref> <ref name="Orders">{{Cite web |title=Appointment to the Order of St. Olav |url=https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=204577&sek=26939 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121151432/https://www.kongehuset.no/nyhet.html?tid=204577&sek=26939 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=The Royal House of Norway}}</ref>[[Fayil:St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg|60x60px]] * Dame na Royal Family Decoration na Sarki Harald V (21 Janairu 2022) <ref name="Orders" />[[Fayil:St._Olavs_Orden_stripe.svg|60x60px]] * Mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Royal House Centennial (25 Nuwamba 2005) <ref name="Orders-Princess" />[[Fayil:Kongehusets_100-årsmedalje_stripe.svg|60x60px]] * Mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Sarki Harald V ta Jubilee 1991-2016 (17 Janairu 2016) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tildeling av Kong Harald Vs jubileumsmedalje 1991-2016 |url=http://www.kongehuset.no/binfil/download2.php?tid=133159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125143313/http://www.kongehuset.no/binfil/download2.php?tid=133159 |archive-date=25 January 2016 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=Kongehuset}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kongehuset |url=http://image.gala.de/v1/cms/-k/thronjubilaeum-norwegen-da3_9883809-ORIGINAL-imageGallery_standard.jpg?v=12848351 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109022541/http://image.gala.de/v1/cms/-k/thronjubilaeum-norwegen-da3_9883809-ORIGINAL-imageGallery_standard.jpg?v=12848351 |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref>[[Fayil:Kong_Harald_Vs_jubileumsmedalje_1991-2016.png|60x60px]] * Alamar girmamawa ta kungiyar 'yan gwagwarmayar Brigade (27 Maris 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jølle |first=Maria H. |date=2025-03-27 |title=Prinsessen tildeles hedersmedalje |url=https://www.forsvaretsforum.no/bardufoss-ingeniorbataljonen-ingrid-alexandra/prinsessen-tildeles-hedersmedalje/430633 |access-date=2025-04-03 |website=www.forsvaretsforum.no |language=nb-NO}}</ref>[[Fayil:Brigadeveteranforbundet_Hederstegn_stripe.png|60x60px]] * Medal na Sabis na Kasa (Sojoji) (2 Afrilu 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Helljesen |first=Vilde |date=2025-04-02 |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra ferdig i militæret: – Har lært mye om meg selv |url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-ferdig-i-militaeret_-_-har-laert-mye-om-meg-selv-1.17358167 |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=NRK |language=nb-NO}}</ref>[[Fayil:Vernedyktighetsmedaljen_Hæren_stripe.svg|60x60px]] * Alamar girmamawa ta kungiyar masu tsaron Norway (11 ga Disamba 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra mottok denne uken Norsk reservistforbunds hederstegn. |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DSHXHbkCMYp |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>[[Fayil:Norske_reserveoffiserers_forbunds_hederstegn_stripe.svg|60x60px]] ==== Darajar kasashen waje ==== * : Knight of the Order of the Elephant (21 Janairu 2022) [1]{{Flag|Denmark}} ** Knight na Order of the Elephant (21 Janairu 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=H.K.H. Prinsesse Ingrid Alexandra af Norge tildeles Elefantordenen |trans-title=HRH Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway is awarded the Order of the Elephant |url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/h-k-h-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-af-norge-tildeles-elefantordenen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703235741/https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/h-k-h-prinsesse-ingrid-alexandra-af-norge-tildeles-elefantordenen |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=Kongehuset |language=Danish}}</ref>[[Fayil:Order_of_the_Elephant_Ribbon_bar.svg|60x60px]] * : Babban Gicciye na Order of the Falcon (8 Afrilu 2025) [2]{{Flag|Iceland}} ** Grand Cross na Order of the Falcon (8 Afrilu 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Decorations of HRH the Princess |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=200713&sek=200817 |access-date=2026-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116123617/https://www.royalcourt.no/artikkel.html?tid=200713&sek=200817 |archive-date=2025-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref>[[Fayil:ISL_Icelandic_Order_of_the_Falcon_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png|60x60px]] === Rashin umarni, kayan ado da lambobin yabo === {| style="margin:auto;" |+Ribbon bar na Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gratulerer med dagen! |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=226815&sek=27262 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628034023/https://www.royalcourt.no/nyhet.html?tid=226815&sek=27262 |archive-date=28 June 2024 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Royal House of Norway}}</ref> | |[[Fayil:St_Olavs_Orden_storkors_stripe.svg|94x94px]] |[[Fayil:Kongehusets_100-årsmedalje_stripe.svg|94x94px]] | |- |[[Fayil:Kong_Harald_Vs_jubileumsmedalje_1991-2016.png|100x100px]] |[[Fayil:Brigadeveteranforbundet_Hederstegn_stripe.png|100x100px]] |[[Fayil:Vernedyktighetsmedaljen_Hæren_stripe.svg|100x100px]] |[[Fayil:Norske_reserveoffiserers_forbunds_hederstegn_stripe.svg|94x94px]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;" | | style="text-align:center " |Babban Gicciye na RoyalNorwegian Order of Saint Olav<nowiki><br id="mwAjA"></nowiki> |Medal na Royal HouseCentennial<nowiki><br id="mwAjM"></nowiki> | |- |Medal na Sarki Harald V na Jubilee 1991-2016<nowiki><br id="mwAjg"></nowiki> |Alamar girmamawa ta kungiyar 'yan gwagwarmayar Brigade |Medal na Sabis na Kasa (Sojoji) |Alamar girmamawa ta Tarayyar Jami'an Tsaro ta Norway |} === Sunayen girmamawa === ==== Yankunan ƙasa ==== * : Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra Sculpture Park, Royal Palace a [[Sentrum, Oslo|Sentrum]], Oslo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=For the press |url=https://www.royalcourt.no/fotoalbum_presse.html?tid=185034&sek=&kategori=113149 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629110500/https://www.royalcourt.no/fotoalbum_presse.html?tid=185034&sek=&kategori=113149 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Royal House of Norway}}</ref>{{Flagu|Norway}} === Makamai === {{Multiple image|image2=}} Sarauniya Margrethe II ta Denmark ce ta tsara alamar Gimbiya Ingrid Alexandra, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Logoer - Logos and monograms |url=http://rauset.no/design/Logo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817141448/http://rauset.no/design/Logo.html |archive-date=17 August 2022 |access-date=21 January 2022 |website=rauset.no}}</ref> dan uwan kakanta na biyu wanda aka sani da basirarta ta fasaha. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ffhyt3bj5xmv7enwpmxsfzu784x91o0 3 142955 966111 802887 2026-10-11T09:47:45Z S.Marchenko 48235 S.Marchenko moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Domoso55]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Hybxhh]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Domoso55|Domoso55]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Hybxhh|Hybxhh]]" 802887 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Domoso55! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Domoso55|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) 2czntsq4tt3w7vu5id877ntvlzm863d 0 145889 965977 826799 2026-10-10T22:12:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Databox}} '''Fathia Ayodele Karim''' likita ce mai sana'a. A shekara ta 2016, ta lashe kyaututtuka 12 na ilimi don rarrabe kanta a cikin karatun ta, ta karya kuma ta kafa sabon rikodin a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] a [[Kumasi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards {{!}} General News 2016-08-27 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Wesley-Girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards-465610 |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014070115/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Wesley-Girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards-465610 |archive-date=2019-10-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-28 |title=Female junior doctor set new record in KNUST Medical School |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/academic-excellence-female-junior-doctor-set-new-record-in-knust-medical-school/9h3tsdl |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Ladies Sweep KNUST Medical Awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/715572/2-ladies-sweep-knust-medical-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-27 |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards |url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/08/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014070111/http://citifmonline.com/2016/08/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wesley Girls alum graduates as medical doctor with record 12 awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/715295/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Karim ta sami karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Wesley Girls a Cape Coast . Daga nan sai ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ta yi karatun likitanci kuma an dakatar da ita ga ɗalibai mafi kyau a lokacin kammala karatunta.[1][2][3] == Ayyuka == A ranar Asabar 27 ga watan Agusta 2016, yayin da take rantsuwa a matsayin likita ta Majalisar Likitoci da Likitoci ta Ghana, an girmama ta da kyaututtuka 12 daga cikin kyaututtaka 15 da ake samu don kyakkyawan bambancin ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-27 |title=Wesley Girls Alum Graduates As Medical Doctor With Record 12 Awards |url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/wesley-girls-alum-graduates-as-medical-doctor-with-record-12-awards/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=The Ghana Star |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Obour |first=Samuel |date=2016-08-27 |title=Amazing! KNUST student graduates as doctor with 12 awards |url=https://yen.com.gh/72469-knust-student-fathia-ayodele-kareem-graduates-as-doctor-with-12-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-29 |title=Dr. Fathia Ayodele Kareem Makes History after Winning 12 out of 15 Awards Obtainable Upon Completion of Medical School in Ghana |url=http://pleasuresmagazine.com.ng/2016/08/dr-fathia-ayodele-kareem-makes-history-after-winning-12-out-of-15-awards-obtainable-upon-completion-of-medical-school-in-ghana/ |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=Pleasures Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014070115/http://pleasuresmagazine.com.ng/2016/08/dr-fathia-ayodele-kareem-makes-history-after-winning-12-out-of-15-awards-obtainable-upon-completion-of-medical-school-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-29 |title=I am not dating - KNUST Award winning junior doctor says |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/communities/academic-excellence-i-am-not-dating-knust-award-winning-junior-doctor-says/ve74cww |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.primenewsghana.com |date=2016-08-29 |title=KNUST medical doctor sets record by grabbing 12 out of 14 awards |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/knust-medical-doctor-sets-record-by-grabbing-12-out-of-14-awards.html |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=PrimeNewsGhana |language=en-us}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hnw1xqaqebi3tg7ta95btkiakwf3p56 0 147120 965925 816449 2026-10-10T20:59:49Z Nura Bello 24854 965925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''N. Lorraine Beebe''' ( ''née'' Boekeloo; 19 ga Yuni, 1910 - 12 ga Agusta, 2005) sanata ce ta jihar Amurka kuma mai kula da yakin neman zaben Anderson na shekarar 1980 a matsayin shugaban kasa . Ta zama mace ta uku a tarihin Michigan da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dattawa ta Michigan bayan ta tayar da hankalin dan takarar Democrat Edward J. Robinson a kujerar Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta 12. Duk da haka, fafutukar da ta yi na sassauta dokokin zubar da ciki a Michigan ya sa ta sha kaye a yakin neman zabenta na sake tsayawa takara. An haifi Beebe a Kalamazoo a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1910. Ta halarci Jami'ar Western Michigan don digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kafin ta koma yankin Detroit ta kuma yi rajista a Jami'ar Wayne State don digirinta na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Bayan kammala karatunta, Beebe ta yi aiki a birnin Kalamazoo na tsawon shekaru uku a matsayin mataimakiyar daraktan nishaɗin birni, daga ƙarshe ta koma Dearborn, Michigan don karɓar matsayin darektan ayyukan nishaɗin 'yan mata da mata. <ref> name="UMich papers">{{Cite web |title=Lorraine Beebe Papers: circa 1920-1981 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-8560?view=text |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=/quod.lib.umich.edu}}</ref> == Sana'a == A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin malamar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Kwalejin Henry Ford, Beebe ta fusata ɗan takarar Democrat Edward J. Robinson don neman kujerar majalisar dattawa ta jiha daga gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta 12. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dattawa ta Michigan kuma ta yi nasara da ƙuri'u 800 fiye da takwaransa namiji. Daga baya ta zama mace ta uku a tarihin Michigan da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dattawa kuma ta farko daga jam'iyyar Republican. Bayan an zaɓe ta, Beebe ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin lafiya, zamantakewa da ritaya, mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin aiki da kuma memba na kwamitin manyan hanyoyi. A shekarar 1969, Beebe ta gabatar da kudirin doka da ke fafutukar samar da dokokin zubar da ciki marasa kyau a Michigan . Kudurin dokar zai halatta zubar da ciki "wanda ya samo asali daga fyade ko jima'i tsakanin dangi, ko kuma wanda ke barazana ga lafiyar uwa, ko kuma wanda da alama zai iya haifar da haihuwar yaro mai nakasa." Yayin da take ƙarfafa abokan aikinta maza su zartar da kudirin gyara zubar da ciki, ta yarda cewa an yi mata zubar da ciki mai kyau. Duk da cewa kudirin ya gaza, fafutukar da ta yi ta jawo hankalin manema labarai kuma an rufe ta a duk fadin kasar. Duk da haka, fafutukar da ta yi don sassauta dokokin zubar da ciki a Michigan a ƙarshe ya sa ta sha kaye a yakin neman sake tsayawa takara. <ref name="miwf">{{Cite web |title=N. Lorraine Beebe |url=https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=miwf.org}}</ref> === Bayan Majalisar Dattawa === Bayan an kayar da ita, an yi wa iyalan Beebe barazana, an yi mata ruwan bama-bamai a gidanta, sannan aka yanke mata tayoyi. <ref> name="miwf">{{Cite web |title=N. Lorraine Beebe |url=https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=miwf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ "N. Lorraine Beebe"]. ''miwf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kuma ce, duk da cewa an kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan ta, za ta ci gaba da fafutukar rage ƙa'idojin zubar da ciki. A shekarar 1972, an zaɓe Beebe a matsayin darektan zartarwa na Majalisar Masu Amfani da Michigan a kan mukaddashin darakta Andrew Eiler Jr. Ta koma yin murabus daga mukaminta shekaru biyu bayan haka, amma majalisar ba ta amince da murabus ɗinta nan take ba. Wani ɓangare na murabus ɗinta ya faru ne saboda matsin lamba daga gwamnati da kuma matsin lamba kan rashin ingancin majalisar. A wannan shekarar, ta fara kamfen ɗinta na Sakataren Harkokin Waje a matsayin ɗan Republican, wanda ta yi ba tare da tuntuɓar gwamna ko membobin jam'iyyar ba. Beebe ta mutu a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2005, kuma an binne gawarta da aka kona a Cocin St. Barnabas Episcopal da ke Portage . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] 44l1joyl8nmd36el0uy9m29zp5g5gi9 965926 965925 2026-10-10T21:05:53Z Nura Bello 24854 965926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''N. Lorraine Beebe''' ( ''née'' Boekeloo; 19 ga Yuni, 1910 - 12 ga Agusta, 2005) sanata ce ta jihar Amurka kuma mai kula da yakin neman zaben Anderson na shekarar 1980 a matsayin shugaban kasa . Ta zama mace ta uku a tarihin Michigan da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dattawa ta Michigan bayan ta tayar da hankalin dan takarar Democrat Edward J. Robinson a kujerar Gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta 12. Duk da haka, fafutukar da ta yi na sassauta dokokin zubar da ciki a Michigan ya sa ta sha kaye a yakin neman zabenta na sake tsayawa takara. An haifi Beebe a Kalamazoo a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni, 1910. Ta halarci Jami'ar Western Michigan don digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kafin ta koma yankin Detroit ta kuma yi rajista a Jami'ar Wayne State don digirinta na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Bayan kammala karatunta, Beebe ta yi aiki a birnin Kalamazoo na tsawon shekaru uku a matsayin mataimakiyar daraktan nishaɗin birni, daga ƙarshe ta koma Dearborn, Michigan don karɓar matsayin darektan ayyukan nishaɗin 'yan mata da mata. <ref> name="UMich papers">{{Cite web |title=Lorraine Beebe Papers: circa 1920-1981 |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-8560?view=text |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=/quod.lib.umich.edu}}</ref> == Sana'a == A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin malamar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Kwalejin Henry Ford, Beebe ta fusata ɗan takarar Democrat Edward J. Robinson don neman kujerar majalisar dattawa ta jiha daga gundumar Majalisar Dattawa ta 12. Ita ce mace ɗaya tilo da aka zaɓa a Majalisar Dattawa ta Michigan kuma ta yi nasara da ƙuri'u 800 fiye da takwaransa namiji. Daga baya ta zama mace ta uku a tarihin Michigan da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dattawa kuma ta farko daga jam'iyyar Republican. Bayan an zaɓe ta, Beebe ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin lafiya, zamantakewa da ritaya, mataimakiyar shugaban kwamitin aiki da kuma memba na kwamitin manyan hanyoyi. A shekarar 1969, Beebe ta gabatar da kudirin doka da ke fafutukar samar da dokokin zubar da ciki marasa kyau a Michigan . Kudurin dokar zai halatta zubar da ciki "wanda ya samo asali daga fyade ko jima'i tsakanin dangi, ko kuma wanda ke barazana ga lafiyar uwa, ko kuma wanda da alama zai iya haifar da haihuwar yaro mai nakasa." Yayin da take ƙarfafa abokan aikinta maza su zartar da kudirin gyara zubar da ciki, ta yarda cewa an yi mata zubar da ciki mai kyau. Duk da cewa kudirin ya gaza, fafutukar da ta yi ta jawo hankalin manema labarai kuma an rufe ta a duk fadin kasar. Duk da haka, fafutukar da ta yi don sassauta dokokin zubar da ciki a Michigan a ƙarshe ya sa ta sha kaye a yakin neman sake tsayawa takara. <ref name="miwf">{{Cite web |title=N. Lorraine Beebe |url=https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=miwf.org}}</ref> === Bayan Majalisar Dattawa === Bayan an kayar da ita, an yi wa iyalan Beebe barazana, an yi mata ruwan bama-bamai a gidanta, sannan aka yanke mata tayoyi. <ref> name="miwf">{{Cite web |title=N. Lorraine Beebe |url=https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ |access-date=March 3, 2021 |website=miwf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://miwf.org/timeline/n-lorraine-beebe/ "N. Lorraine Beebe"]. ''miwf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kuma ce, duk da cewa an kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan ta, za ta ci gaba da fafutukar rage ƙa'idojin zubar da ciki. A shekarar 1972, an zaɓe Beebe a matsayin darektan zartarwa na Majalisar Masu Amfani da Michigan a kan mukaddashin darakta Andrew Eiler Jr. Ta koma yin murabus daga mukaminta shekaru biyu bayan haka, amma majalisar ba ta amince da murabus ɗinta nan take ba. Wani ɓangare na murabus ɗinta ya faru ne saboda matsin lamba daga gwamnati da kuma matsin lamba kan rashin ingancin majalisar. A wannan shekarar, ta fara kamfen ɗinta na Sakataren Harkokin Waje a matsayin ɗan Republican, wanda ta yi ba tare da tuntuɓar gwamna ko membobin jam'iyyar ba. Beebe ta mutu a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 2005, kuma an binne gawarta da aka kona a Cocin St. Barnabas Episcopal da ke Portage . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] r2zrsz6ms4vt1pjl0m675ex3y8ob35x 0 147425 966032 817848 2026-10-11T01:37:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fredrick Moore''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Michigan State Spartans . Ya taba buga wa Michigan Wolverines wasa, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun kasa a shekarar 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Moore a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2005, ɗan Willie Davidson da Elizabeth Moore. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Cardinal Ritter College Prep a [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]], yana wasa da mai karɓa da kuma kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kvidahl |first=David |date=August 20, 2022 |title=No. 7: Cardinal Ritter's Moore committed to Michigan as a receiver, adds cornerback to his resume |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/high-school/football/super-30/no-7-cardinal-ritters-moore-committed-to-michigan-as-a-receiver-adds-cornerback-to-his/article_1477e410-1cf1-11ed-8bed-b78bc7330cd2.html |access-date=January 1, 2025}}</ref> Yayinda yake ƙarami, ya yi rikodin liyafa 41 don yadudduka 1,010 da kuma touchdowns 12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McAllister |first=Mike |date=June 2, 2022 |title=Fredrick Moore 'Shocked' by Syracuse Offer |url=https://www.si.com/college/syracuse/recruiting/fredrick-moore-syracuse-offer-shocked-interview-june-2022 |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=SI.com}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya yi rikodin liyafa 67 don yadudduka 1,504 da kuma touchdowns 24, kuma ya kasance zabin All-State da kuma Offensive Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Joshua |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Local schools celebrate National Signing Day as athletes sign to dream schools |url=https://www.firstalert4.com/2022/12/21/local-schools-celebrate-national-signing-day-athletes-sign-dream-schools/ |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=firstalert4.com}}</ref> A cikin wasan zakarun Jihar Missouri Class 3A, yana da liyafa takwas don yadudduka 157 da kuma touchdowns biyu, kuma yana yin rikodin tsayarwa, yana taimaka wa Lions lashe gasar zakarun jihar ta farko a tarihin makaranta. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Fredrick Moore |url=https://mgoblue.com/sports/football/roster/fredrick-moore/25494 |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=MGoBlue.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kvidahl |first=David |date=December 3, 2022 |title=Cardinal Ritter takes down Reeds Spring to win first state championship |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/high-school/football/cardinal-ritter-takes-down-reeds-spring-to-win-first-state-championship/article_bae2decc-7354-11ed-bcec-df646bcfb94f.html |access-date=January 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421024007/https://www.stltoday.com/sports/high-school/football/cardinal-ritter-takes-down-reeds-spring-to-win-first-state-championship/article_bae2decc-7354-11ed-bcec-df646bcfb94f.html |archive-date=April 21, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Moore an kiyasta shi a matsayin mai daukar nauyin taurari uku kuma ya zama dan wasa na 11 a jihar Missouri ta hanyar 247Sports da kuma dan wasa na taurari huɗu da kuma dan wasan No. 12 a jihar ta Rivals.com . <ref name="Bio" /> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2022, Moore ya kuduri aniyar buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kwaleji a Jami'ar Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Tony |last2=Ford |first2=Ryan |date=July 1, 2022 |title=Michigan football nabs three-star WR Fredrick Moore, four-star LB Semaj Bridgeman for 2023 |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/college/university-michigan/wolverines/2022/07/01/michigan-football-fredrick-moore-commit-class-of-2023/7792025001/ |access-date=January 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Halfacre |first=Paul |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Cardinal Ritter's Moore ready to make a name for himself in Big Ten |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/high-school/recruiting/football/cardinal-ritters-moore-ready-to-make-a-name-for-himself-in-big-ten/article_633e542a-8165-11ed-b5aa-33b623c538c5.html |access-date=January 1, 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya buga wasanni 13 kuma ya samu damar yin liyafa sau huɗu a tsawon yadi 32 kuma ya taimaka wa Michigan lashe gasar cin kofin ƙasa.<ref name="Bio"/> A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara biyu a shekarar 2024, ya buga wasanni 13 kuma ya samu damar yin wasa sau 11 a tsawon yadi 128 da kuma taɓawa ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Tony |date=September 25, 2024 |title=Michigan football WRs aren't getting the ball. They're fine with that under one condition. |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/college/university-michigan/wolverines/2024/09/25/michigan-football-wrs-wide-receivers-sherrone-moore-alex-orji/75374721007/ |access-date=January 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McMann |first=Aaron |date=September 24, 2024 |title=Michigan receiver OK with 32 yards passing: ‘We know what program we’re in’ |url=https://www.mlive.com/wolverines/2024/09/michigan-receiver-ok-with-32-yards-passing-we-know-what-program-were-in.html |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=[[MLive.com]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2024, a lokacin wasan ReliaQuest Bowl na 2024 da Alabama, ya sami nasarar farko a aikinsa, inda Davis Warren ya yi masa liyafa mai tsawon yadi 13.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ablauf |first=Dave |last2=Shepard |first2=Chad |date=December 31, 2024 |title=U-M Posts Big First Quarter, Holds on Late to Defeat No. 11 Alabama in ReliaQuest Bowl |url=https://mgoblue.com/news/2024/12/31/football-u-m-posts-big-first-quarter-holds-on-late-to-defeat-no-11-alabama-in-reliaquest-bowl |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=MGoBlue.com |publisher=CBS Interactive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodall |first=Fred |date=December 31, 2024 |title=Michigan defense pressures Milroe all day, Wolverines beat No. 11 Alabama 19-13 in ReliaQuest Bowl |url=https://www.fox8live.com/2024/12/31/michigan-defense-pressures-milroe-all-day-wolverines-beat-no-11-alabama-19-13-reliaquest-bowl/ |access-date=January 1, 2024 |website=fox8live.com}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Moore ya ga iyakantaccen lokacin wasa a matsayin ƙarami kuma ya bar kungiyar a tsakiyar kakar wasa a farkon Oktoba. Ba shi da liyafa a lokacin kakar, amma ya buga wasanni hudu a kungiyoyi na musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hole |first=Isaiah |date=October 2, 2025 |title=Michigan football wideout Fredrick Moore leaves program after limited snaps in 2025 season |url=https://wolverineswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/wolverines/football/2025/10/02/michigan-football-wide-receiver-fredrick-moore-departs-2025/86482176007/ |access-date=October 27, 2025 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://mgoblue.com/sports/football/roster/fredrick-moore/25494 Tarihin Michigan Wolverines] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 2gdnzxqve0x7sg3sjzkie8x99mhe7y9 0 147827 966051 891528 2026-10-11T04:29:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgia Lee Amoore''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2001) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ce ta Australiya a ƙungiyar Washington Mystics of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Ta buga ƙwallon kwando ta kwaleji a ƙungiyar Virginia Tech Hokies da Kentucky Wildcats . An zaɓe ta a matsayi na shida a gasar WNBA ta 2025 . == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Amoore, 'yar asalin Ballarat, Victoria, ta girma tana buga wasanni da dama, ciki har da ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙa'idojin Australiya, kafin ta mai da hankali kan ƙwallon kwando tun tana 'yar shekara 17. <ref name="berman">{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Mark |date=8 March 2023 |title=Choosing basketball pays off for Aussie Georgia Amoore of Virginia Tech |url=https://roanoke.com/sports/college/va_tech/choosing-basketball-pays-off-for-aussie-georgia-amoore-of-virginia-tech/article_37159a54-bd27-11ed-981a-773dedd7fbdc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311001857/https://roanoke.com/sports/college/va_tech/choosing-basketball-pays-off-for-aussie-georgia-amoore-of-virginia-tech/article_37159a54-bd27-11ed-981a-773dedd7fbdc.html |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Roanoke Times]]}}</ref> Ta halarci [[Kwalejin Loreto, Victoria|Kwalejin Loreto]] <ref name="hokiesports-bio">{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore – Women's Basketball |url=https://hokiesports.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/georgia-amoore/12477 |access-date=9 July 2023 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> kuma ta fafata da ƙungiyarta ta jihar Victoria Country a matakin matasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wildes |first=Hayley |date=16 March 2023 |title=From Ballarat to Virginia Tech, Georgia Amoore's star is shining bright |url=https://pickandroll.com.au/p/from-ballarat-to-virginia-tech-georgia |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=The Pick and Roll}}</ref> Amoore ta buga wa Ballarat Rush wasa a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Kudu maso Gabashin Australiya (SEABL) a 2017 da 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore - Player Statistics SEABL |url=https://websites.mygameday.app/team_info.cgi?action=PSTATS&pID=203024982&client=0-3363-36749-478981-9968499 |access-date=15 April 2025 |website=GameDay |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta buga wa Rush, wacce yanzu take cikin NBL1, wasa a kakar wasa ta 2019 kuma ta samu matsakaicin maki 11.2, bugun ƙwallo 2.6 da kuma taimakawa wajen taimakawa 3.2 a wasanni 18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2019 |title=Georgia Amoore commits to Virginia Tech |url=https://pickandroll.com.au/p/georgia-amoore-commits-to-virginia-tech |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=The Pick and Roll}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == A matsayinta na ɗalibi a Virginia Tech, Amoore ta sami matsakaicin maki 11.8 da kuma taimako 4.6 a kowane wasa, kuma ta kasance cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). A kakar wasa ta biyu, ta sami matsakaicin maki 11.2 da taimako 4.4 a kowane wasa, wanda hakan ya sa aka ambaci All-ACC a matsayin abin girmamawa. <ref name="berman"/> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2022, Amoore ta sami maki uku-biyu na farko a tarihin shirin, tare da maki 24, taimako 11 da kuma sake dawowa 10 a wasan da suka yi nasara da Nebraska da ci 85-54. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Vince |date=1 December 2022 |title=Women's college basketball roundup: Amoore posts first triple-double in Virginia Tech history |url=https://richmond.com/sports/womens-college-basketball-roundup-amoore-posts-first-triple-double-in-virginia-tech-history/article_e5efadcd-9bb6-5932-9ac3-9bf45e3af68d.html |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta All-ACC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=1 March 2023 |title='I'd be very surprised if she didn't get a shot in the WNBA': ACC team-of-the-year honours for Georgia Amoore |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8104188/id-be-very-surprised-if-she-didnt-get-a-shot-in-the-wnba-amoore-earns-acc-honours/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> Amoore ta jagoranci Virginia Tech zuwa gasar ACC ta farko a 2023, inda aka naɗa ta MVP kuma ta sami rikodin gasar da maki uku-biyu 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=5 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore crowned tournament MVP as Hokies clinch ACC title |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8108820/amoore-crowned-tournament-mvp-as-hokies-clinch-acc-title/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa ƙungiyarta ta sami maki ɗaya a gasar NCAA ta 2023, kuma a zagaye na farko, ta zarce rikodin shirin na kakar wasa ɗaya don maki uku-biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Edward |date=20 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore's incredible year rolls into March Madness |url=https://www.thecourier.com.au/story/8127139/amoores-incredible-year-rolls-into-march-madness/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=[[The Courier (Ballarat)|The Courier]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Amoore makes history in Tech's 58-33 win over Chattanooga |url=https://hokiesports.com/news/2023/3/17/virginia-tech-womens-basketball-game-recap-chattanooga-ncaa-tournament-first-round |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Sweet 16, Amoore ta zira kwallaye mafi yawa a kakar wasa da maki 29 a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Tennessee da ci 73-64, wanda ya taimaka wa Hokies su kai ga wasansu na farko na Elite Eight. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philippou |first=Alexa |date=25 March 2023 |title=Georgia Amoore leads surging Virginia Tech into Elite 8 |url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/story/_/id/35951907/georgia-amoore-leads-surging-virginia-tech-elite-8 |access-date=9 July 2023 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> An nada ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi fice a Seattle 3 Regional. A wasan karshe na hudu, Amoore ta zira kwallaye 17 kuma ta zarce tarihin samun kwallaye uku a gasar NCAA guda daya a rashin nasara da ta yi da LSU da ci 79-72. A matsayinta na 'yar aji uku, Amoore ta samu matsakaicin maki 16.3, taimakawa 4.9 da kuma sake dawowa sau uku a kowane wasa. Ta zo ta biyu a NCAA Division I bayan Caitlin Clark a wasanni uku da ta yi. <ref name="hokiesports-bio"/> A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2023, Amoore ta zira kwallaye 10 kuma ta samu nasarar taimakawa 16 a wasanni 105-36 a kan Houston Christian . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Writing HERstory: Amoore sets program record with 16 assists |url=https://hokiesports.com/news/2023/11/17/virginia-tech-womens-basketball-writing-herstory-amoore-sets-a-program-record-of-16-assists.aspx |access-date=11 February 2024 |publisher=Virginia Tech Athletics}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2024, Amoore ya zama shugaban taimakawa 'yan wasa a tarihin kwallon kwando na Virginia Tech. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A watan Afrilun 2024, Amoore ta koma Kentucky don sake haɗuwa da kocinta Kenny Brooks . Amoore ta cancanci bayyana shiga gasar WNBA amma kuma tana da sauran kakar wasa ta biyar kuma ta ƙarshe ta cancantar shiga jami'a, yayin da NCAA ta ba wa ɗaliban 'yan wasa izinin ƙarin shekara ta gasa a lokacin annobar COVID-19. [1] A kakar wasa ta NCAA ta 2024–25, ta fara wasanni 31 ga Wildcats kuma ta sami matsakaicin maki 19.6 a kowane wasa == Sana'ar ƙwararru == A ranar 14 ga Afrilu 2025, an zaɓi Amoore da ɗan wasa na shida a cikin jerin 'yan wasan WNBA na 2025 ta hannun Washington Mystics . Kasa da mako guda da fara horo, Amoore ya ji rauni a ACL kuma daga baya aka cire shi daga shiga gasar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zucker |first=Joseph |date=10 May 2025 |title=Mystics' Georgia Amoore Out For WNBA Rookie Season With ACL Injury |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/25194526-mystics-georgia-amoore-out-wnba-rookie-season-acl-injury |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=bleacherreport.com |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiyar ƙasa == Amoore ta lashe lambar zinare tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta ƙasar Australiya a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta FIBA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Asiya ta 2017 a Indiya. Ta sami maki 10, bugun ƙwallo huɗu da kuma taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye biyu a wasan ƙarshe da ta doke Japan da ci 61-60. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia Amoore, Australia claim the FIBA U16 Women's Asian Championship |url=https://www.ballaratbasketball.com/georgia-amoore-australia-claim-the-fiba-u16-womens-asian-championship/ |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=Ballarat Basketball }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amoore ta taka leda a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta FIBA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a Belarus, inda ta taimaka wa ƙungiyarta ta lashe lambar tagulla. <ref name="berman"/> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] ===manazarta=== 706vvrzjureduql7qctbinjt0goamg5 0 150378 965888 961772 2026-10-10T16:46:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elia Caprile''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Italiya]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[Cagliari Calcio]] aro daga [[S.S.C. Napoli]], sannan yana wakiltar ƙungiyar matasa ta ƙasar Italiya. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen kare ƙwallaye, saurin motsi, da kuma iya taka leda da ƙafa cikin natsuwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/elia-caprile/profil/spieler/668742|title=Elia Caprile Profile|website=Transfermarkt|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Elia Caprile a ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2001 a birnin Verona na ƙasar Italiya. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa musamman a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Ya fara koyon dabarun wasan ne a makarantar matasa ta ƙungiyar Chievo Verona inda ya samu horo mai zurfi kan yadda ake kare raga da kuma sarrafa kwallo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/elia-caprile/623457/|title=Elia Caprile - Soccerway|website=Soccerway|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Chievo Verona === Caprile ya fara tasowa ne daga makarantar matasa ta Chievo Verona. A lokacin da yake can ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasa masu tasowa da ake ganin za su iya zama fitattun masu tsaron gida a nan gaba. Kwarewarsa wajen hana kwallaye da iya jagorantar masu tsaron baya ya sa ya jawo hankalin kungiyoyi daga wajen Italiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/elia-caprile/|title=Elia Caprile Profile|website=WorldFootball.net|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Leeds United === A shekarar 2020 ne ƙungiyar [[Leeds United F.C.]] ta Ingila ta ɗauki Caprile daga Chievo Verona. Duk da cewa bai samu damar buga wasa a babbar ƙungiyar ba, ya samu horo a ƙarƙashin tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila wanda ya taimaka wajen ƙara masa ƙwarewa da gogewa. Ya buga wasu wasanni a ƙungiyar matasa da ta ajiyar Leeds United.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leedsunited.com/news/team-news/26987/leeds-united-sign-elia-caprile|title=Leeds United sign Elia Caprile|website=Leeds United Official Website|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Pro Patria === A shekarar 2022 Caprile ya koma ƙungiyar Pro Patria domin samun damar buga wasanni akai-akai. A wannan lokaci ne ya fara nuna cikakkiyar bajintarsa a matakin manyan ‘yan wasa. Ya taka rawar gani sosai a gasar Serie C inda ya kasance daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida na kakar wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/elia-caprile/leistungsdatenverein/spieler/668742|title=Elia Caprile Career Stats|website=Transfermarkt|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Napoli === Bayan kyakkyawan rawar da ya taka a Pro Patria, ƙungiyar [[S.S.C. Napoli]] ta saye shi a shekarar 2023. Napoli ta ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan masu tsaron gida masu makoma a ƙasar Italiya. Duk da cewa yana ƙarƙashin Napoli, an ci gaba da tura shi aro domin samun ƙarin gogewa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sscnapoli.it/en/|title=SSC Napoli Official Website|website=SSC Napoli|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Aro zuwa Empoli === A kakar wasa ta 2023 zuwa 2024 an tura Caprile aro zuwa ƙungiyar [[Empoli F.C.]] inda ya samu damar buga wasanni a gasar Serie A ta Italiya. Ya yi fice wajen ceton ƙwallaye masu wahala kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun sakamako masu kyau a wasu wasanni masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empolifc.com/|title=Empoli FC Official Website|website=Empoli FC|access-date=2026-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250605203335/https://empolifc.com/|archive-date=2025-06-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Aro zuwa Cagliari === Daga baya kuma an tura shi aro zuwa [[Cagliari Calcio]] domin ci gaba da samun lokacin wasa. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama sun yaba masa saboda kwarin guiwa da natsuwar da yake nunawa duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cagliaricalcio.com/|title=Cagliari Calcio Official Website|website=Cagliari Calcio|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Caprile ya wakilci ƙasar Italiya a matakin ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 21. Ya kasance daga cikin matasan masu tsaron gida da ake ganin za su iya zama manyan ‘yan wasan ƙasar a nan gaba. Kwarewarsa wajen dakatar da bugun fenariti da kuma iya sadarwa da masu tsaron baya ya sa yake samun yabo daga masu horarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.figc.it/it/nazionali/|title=Italy National Teams|website=FIGC|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Elia Caprile an san shi da tsayi da kuma saurin kai-komo wajen kare ƙwallaye. Yana da ƙwarewa wajen kama kwallaye masu ƙarfi da kuma iya fara kai hari daga baya ta hanyar amfani da ƙafafunsa wajen bayar da dogayen passes. Haka kuma yana da ƙarfin hali wajen fuskantar ‘yan gaba a yanayin mutum da mutum.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/who-is-elia-caprile/blt|title=Who is Elia Caprile?|website=Goal.com|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Kungiya === ; Napoli * Serie A: 2022–23 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/elia-caprile/profil/spieler/668742 Elia Caprile] a shafin Transfermarkt * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/elia-caprile/623457/ Elia Caprile] a shafin Soccerway [[Category: Haifaffun 2001]] [[Category:Mutanen Verona]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Italiya]] [[Category:Masu tsaron gida na kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Yan wasan Napoli]] [[Category:Yan wasan Empoli]] [[Category:Yan wasan Cagliari]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] p21u9qxndyhb9umtmix8l5xa8m33qkx 0 151564 966044 875597 2026-10-11T03:43:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox stadium | name = Gateway International Stadium | image = Gateway Stadium 2.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = Gateway International Stadium a Sagamu, Jihar Ogun | fullname = Gateway International Stadium | location = Sagamu, [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya | coordinates = {{coord|6|50|N|3|38|E|display=inline,title}} | opened = 2007 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Ogun | operator = Gwamnatin Jihar Ogun | surface = Ciyawa | capacity = 5,000–10,000 | tenants = [[Remo Stars F.C.]] }} '''Gateway International Stadium''' filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne da ke birnin Sagamu a [[Jihar Ogun]], Najeriya. Ana amfani da filin galibi wajen wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yana daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin wasanni da ake da su a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Filin ya kasance gida ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Remo Stars F.C.]] wadda ke taka leda a gasar firimiyar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://devs.ng/remo-stars-stadium/ |title=Remo Stars Stadium – A Home for Football Enthusiasts |website=Devs.ng |access-date=17 May 2026 |archive-date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805110816/https://devs.ng/remo-stars-stadium/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gina filin ne a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Jihar Ogun domin bunƙasa harkokin wasanni da samar da ingantaccen wuri ga matasa masu sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa an kammala aikin ginin filin a shekarar 2007, tare da samar da kujeru ga dubban masu kallo da kuma kayayyakin zamani kamar ɗakunan ‘yan wasa, fitilun dare da kuma wurin ‘yan jarida.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://devs.ng/remo-stars-stadium/ |title=Remo Stars Stadium – A Home for Football Enthusiasts |website=Devs.ng |access-date=17 May 2026 |archive-date=5 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805110816/https://devs.ng/remo-stars-stadium/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Filin wasan yana kusa da babbar hanyar Lagos–Ibadan Expressway, abin da ya sa yake da sauƙin isa daga manyan biranen Najeriya. Har ila yau yana kusa da sansanin NYSC da ke Sagamu, wanda hakan ya sa filin ke karɓar manyan taruka da wasannin sada zumunta lokaci zuwa lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.africabizinfo.com/NG/gateway-international-stadium-sagamu-0802-698-0278 |title=Gateway International Stadium, Sagamu |website=AfricaBizInfo |access-date=17 May 2026}}</ref> Gateway International Stadium ya taɓa karɓar wasannin gasar Najeriya da kuma wasu wasannin sada zumunta na cikin gida. Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa filin yana da kujeru tsakanin mutum 5,000 zuwa 10,000, duk da cewa adadin yana bambanta daga majiya zuwa wata.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.africa2trust.com/B2BAfrica/nigeria/entertainment/stadiums/gateway-international-stadium-sagamu-ng/Profile/AboutUs/1/6/74196/2/ |title=About Gateway International Stadium, Sagamu |website=Africa2Trust |access-date=17 May 2026}}</ref> Filin ya samu yabo daga masu ziyara saboda yanayin ciyawarsa da tsafta. Masu sharhi sun bayyana cewa filin yana da kyakkyawan yanayi domin gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa, musamman saboda kula da filin da kuma tsaro da ake samu a wurin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ng.infoaboutcompanies.com/Catalog/Ogun/Owode/Stadium/Gateway-International-Stadium%2C-Sagamu |title=Gateway International Stadium, Sagamu |website=InfoAboutCompanies |access-date=17 May 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Duba kuma== * [[Remo Stars F.C.]] * [[MKO Abiola International Stadium]] * [[Otunba Dipo Dina International Stadium]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Haɗin waje== * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gateway_Stadium_2.jpg Hoton Gateway International Stadium a Wikimedia Commons] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gateway_Stadium_3.jpg Karin hotunan filin wasan] 8dxdu86qarfuolvoux1j3817ipo15o0 0 154111 966010 905272 2026-10-10T23:04:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1984) wanda aka fi sani da '''Ferdy Adimefe''', ɗan kasuwa ne mai kirkire-kirkire na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finan zane-zane, marubuci <ref name="thenationonlineng1">{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="retroafrica1">{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}</ref> kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-01-24 |title=Godfathers are only as powerful as we let them be - Ferdy Adimefe, NASS candidate speaks on 2019 ambition » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/godfathers-are-only-as-powerful-as-we-let-them-be-ferdy-adimefe-nass-candidate-speaks-on-2019-ambition/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Magic Carpet Studios (wanda aka kafa a 2017) <ref name="ynaija1">{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-05-30 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe reveals how Magic Carpet Studios is changing the face of animations and gaming projects » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/ferdinand-adimefe-reveals-how-magic-carpet-studios-is-changing-the-face-of-animations-and-gaming-projects/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> da Imaginarium Creative Global (wanda aka kafa a 2015), <ref>{{Cite web |last=CHIOMA |date=2019-10-21 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe: Building a creative tech empire for African storytelling |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/ferdinand-adimefe-building-a-creative-tech-empire-for-african-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}</ref> Adimefe memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Telebijin, ƙungiyar da ke gabatar da kyaututtukan Emmy na Duniya . <ref name="electoralcollng1">{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, an sanya shi cikin mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD). <ref name="mipad1">{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}</ref> Ya sami karramawa daga The Future Awards Africa kuma yana cikin matasa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|'yan Najeriya]] hamsin da Gidauniyar Ford ta zaɓa a shekarar 2010 don bayar da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban dabarun Najeriya na shekaru hamsin. <ref name="mipad1" /> An san shi da shirya fim ɗin mai motsi na 2D mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Fancy |date=2025-08-06 |title=How a $2Million Nigerian animation film was built from scratch |url=https://techcabal.com/2025/08/06/the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar]] [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], Najeriya. Ya girma a matsayin ɗa na uku kuma ɗan fari a cikin babban iyali. Mahaifiyarsa, wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]], ta sanya masa suna Ferdinand bayan wani hali a cikin littafin [[William Shakespeare]] <nowiki>mai suna "</nowiki> The Tempest <nowiki>"</nowiki> . <ref name="readcommunique1">{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}</ref> Kakarsa, wacce ke zaune tare da iyalin, tana yawan ba da [[Oral literature|labaran]] al'adun Afirka a lokacin tarurrukan yamma, wanda Adimefe ya danganta a matsayin tasirin farko ga hulɗarsa da ba da labari. <ref name="readcommunique1" /> A lokacin da yake matashi a Port Harcourt, ya shiga wata ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista mai suna The Box, wadda ke sake tunanin labarin [[Kirsimeti]] a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin yajin aikin ma'aikatan jami'o'i a Najeriya wanda ya dakatar da ayyukan jami'a na ɗan lokaci, an gayyace shi ya yi jawabi a wani shirin matasa. Wannan ya sa ya rubuta kuma ya samar da wata wasiƙar labarai da aka buga mai suna <nowiki>''Hallmark''</nowiki>, wadda ya rarraba wa makarantun sakandare da coci-coci a faɗin Port Harcourt. Daga baya littafin ya rikide ya zama mujallar harabar jami'a da aka watsa a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . <ref name="readcommunique1"/> == Ilimi == Adimefe ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci [[Jami'ar port harcourt|ta Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] don yin karatun [[Yanayin jikin mutum|ilmin jikin dan Adam]] . Bayan shekararsa ta biyu, ya kammala da cewa ba aikin likitanci ba ne hanyar da ya yi niyyar bi, ya kammala digirinsa na fannin jiki, kuma bai ci gaba da karatun likitanci ba. Yana da digirin farko a fannin ilmin jikin dan Adam daga [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Ya kammala digirin Master a fannin Kafafen Yada Labarai da Sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]] da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], inda ya kammala karatun a shekarar 2010. <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> <ref name="readcommunique1"/> == Sana'a == === Kasuwanci da zane-zanen rai === === Imaginarium === Adimefe ya bar Century Energy and Services a shekarar 2014 don kafa Imaginarium Digital Agency, wacce ta sami lasisin Value Added Service (VAS) daga [[Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya]] kuma ta rarraba abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar MTN da Etisalat Nigeria a madadin hukumomin gwamnati. <ref name="readcommunique1"/> ==== Kafet Mai Sihiri ==== Adimefe ta kafa Magic Carpet Studios a Legas a shekarar 2017. <ref name="ynaija1" /> Studio ɗin yana samar da abubuwan da ke raira waƙa da na dijital waɗanda aka ɗauko daga littattafan adabi da al'adun Afirka. Ya yi aiki tare da Cartoon Network, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Partners |first=N. M. |date=2023-08-18 |title=Cartoon Network Africa teams up with Nigerian Magic Carpet Labs to create Garbage Boy &#038; Trash Can |url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/08/18/cartoon-network-africa/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Triggerfish, da Microsoft Xbox a kan ayyuka daban-daban. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Magic Carpet Studios ya sami haƙƙin littafin [[Cyprian Ekwensi|Cyprian Ekwensi na]] shekarar 1960 mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayeni |first=Ibukunoluwa |date=2025-05-05 |title="Passport of Mallam Ilia" Magic Carpet Brings Nigerian Literature in First Animated Look |url=https://shockng.com/passport-of-mallam-ilia-magic-carpet-brings-nigerian-literature-in-first-animated-look/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=ShockNG |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Magic Carpet Studios Releases First Look at Adapted Animated Film, “The Passport of Mallam Ilia” - Nollywood Reporter |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/news/magic-carpet-studios-releases-first-look-at-adapted-animated-film-the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en}}</ref> == Siyasa da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a == A shekarar 2019, Adimefe ya tsaya takarar [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Eti-Osa]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=How candidates for Eti-Osa constituency performed at House of Reps debate |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/how-candidates-for-eti-osa-constituency-performed-at-house-of-reps-debate-2024081009534134744 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-02-05 |title=Eti-Osa federal constituency candidates present manifestos |url=https://thesun.ng/eti-osa-federal-constituency-candidates-present-manifestos/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}</ref> Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Zaɓe ta Najeriya, wata ƙungiya da ke haɓaka ilimin siyasa da jagoranci. <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> == Shirye-shiryen zamantakewa == Adimefe memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Slum2School Africa, wani shiri na samar da damar ilimi ga yara a cikin al'ummomin Najeriya marasa galihu. <ref name="mipad1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-07 |title=BOARD MEMBERS |url=https://slum2school.wordpress.com/board-members/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Slum2School |language=en}}</ref> Adimefe kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ruhaniya na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna '''[https://thetribenation.org/about/ The Tribe Nation] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''' a Legas da Abuja. <ref name="mipad1" /> == Ganewa == Memba a '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya''' (Emmy Academy). <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> An sanya suna a cikin jerin '''mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD)''' 100 a shekarar 2021. <ref name="mipad1"/> Wanda ya lashe gasar '''ƙalubalen kirkire-kirkire ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel''' (2022). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe – Kaduna Book & Arts Festival |url=https://www.kabafest.ng/kabafest/guests/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda Ya Karɓi '''Kyautar Nan Gaba''' : Mafi Kyawun 100 Na Najeriya. <ref name="retroafrica1"/> An naɗa shi a matsayin " '''Mai Tsaron Gaba''' " daga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2014. <ref name="retroafrica1"/> == Rayuwar Kai == Adimefe ta auri Lily Adimefe <ref>{{Cite web |title=A New Vow by Ferdy Adimefe – The Inspire Series by Glory Edozien |url=https://inspiredbyglory.com/a-new-vow-by-ferdy-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku. <ref name="thenationonlineng1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2iv37gudxfggsgtqsay0bl4uwoqmw0n 0 154967 965915 847418 2026-10-10T19:37:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Uko Essien Udom | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Lawyer | known_for = Legal Practice, Arbitration, Oil and Gas Law | alma_mater = Manchester Metropolitan University | years_active = 1983–present }} '''Uko Essien Udom''' SAN lauya ne ɗan Najeriya kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na '''Udom and Udom'''. Ya shahara wajen gudanar da harkokin shari'a a fannoni da suka haɗa da ƙarar farar hula, harkokin mai da iskar gas, makamashi, sufurin jiragen sama da kuma sasanci (arbitration).<ref>{{cite web |title=Uko Essien Udom, SAN |url=https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |website=Udom and Udom |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413233441/https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |archive-date=13 April 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Udom ya samu Diploma a fannin Company Administration sannan ya karanci doka a Manchester Metropolitan University da ke ƙasar Birtaniya. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an kira shi zuwa Bar na Najeriya a watan Yulin 1983, lamarin da ya ba shi damar fara aikin lauya a hukumance.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uko Essien Udom, SAN |url=https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |website=Udom and Udom |access-date=5 June 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Tun bayan shiga aikin lauya, Udom ya mayar da hankali kan shari'o'in farar hula, harkokin mai da iskar gas, makamashi, da kuma sasanci. Haka kuma ya kasance cikin ƙwararrun lauyoyin Najeriya da suka yi suna a fannin warware rikice-rikicen kasuwanci da shawarwari kan harkokin makamashi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uko Essien Udom, SAN |url=https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |website=Udom and Udom |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413233441/https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |archive-date=13 April 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Udom memba ne na Chartered Institute of Arbitration (United Kingdom), American Institute of Energy Law, International Bar Association da kuma Nigerian Bar Association. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun ƙara tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin gogaggen lauya a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uko Essien Udom, SAN |url=https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |website=Udom and Udom |access-date=5 June 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413233441/https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |archive-date=13 April 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar siyasa da hidimar gwamnati == Baya ga aikin lauya, Udom ya taka rawa a harkokin gwamnati a Jihar Akwa Ibom. Ya kasance cikin masu bayar da gudummawa wajen shirya takardun da jihar ta gabatar a Taron Tsarin Mulki na Ƙasa a shekarun 1994 zuwa 1995. Daga baya kuma ya zama Kwamishinan Shari'a kuma Antoni Janar na Jihar Akwa Ibom, inda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin gwamnatocin jihar daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news |title=Udom Emmanuel swears in four commissioners, five permanent secretaries |url=https://www.thecable.ng/udom-emmanuel-swears-in-four-commissioners-five-perm-secs |work=TheCable |date=3 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Gov Eno swears in 25 commissioners, 2 SAs into new cabinet |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/gov-eno-swears-in-25-commissioners-2-sas-into-new-cabinet/ |work=Vanguard |date=25 February 2025}}</ref> == Karramawa == An ba Uko Essien Udom matsayi na '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan karramawa da ake bai wa lauyoyi a Najeriya saboda ƙwarewa da gudummawar da suka bayar ga ci gaban harkar shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uko Essien Udom, SAN |url=https://udomandudom.com/uko-essien-udom-san/ |website=Udom and Udom |access-date=5 June 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tck8qvfrjp4k17aq5occ1grpdpx2inf 0 156254 966038 952913 2026-10-11T02:36:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gajiyawar tausayi''' ra'ayi ne mai tasowa a fannin ilimin rauni . An yi amfani da kalmar a musanya da '''damuwa ta rauni ta biyu''' ( '''STS''' ), <ref name=":25">{{Cite book}}</ref> wanda wani lokacin ana kwatanta shi da mummunan farashin kulawa. Damuwa ta rauni ta biyu ita ce kalmar da aka saba amfani da ita a cikin adabin ilimi, kodayake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan sun gano wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin gajiya ta tausayi da damuwa ta rauni ta biyu (STS). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meadors |first=Patrick |last2=Lamson |first2=Angela |last3=Swanson |first3=Mel |last4=White |first4=Mark |last5=Sira |first5=Natalia |date=2009–2010 |title=Secondary traumatization in pediatric healthcare providers: compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress |url=https://archive.org/details/omega-journal-of-death-and-dying_2009-2010_60_2/page/103 |journal=Omega |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=103–128 |doi=10.2190/om.60.2.a |issn=0030-2228 |pmid=20222232 |s2cid=35714941}}</ref> Gajiya ta tausayi wani nau'i ne na damuwa mai raɗaɗi da ke faruwa daga yawan fallasa ga mutanen da suka ji rauni <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Cocker |first=Fiona |last2=Joss |first2=Nerida |date=June 2016 |title=Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare, Emergency and Community Service Workers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=618 |bibcode=2016IJERP..13..618C |doi=10.3390/ijerph13060618 |issn=1661-7827 |pmc=4924075 |pmid=27338436 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ko kuma cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru na rauni yayin aiki a cikin sana'ar taimako ko kariya. Wannan nau'in fallasa ta rauni a kaikaice ya bambanta da fuskantar rauni kai da kanka. Ana ɗaukar gajiyar tausayi a matsayin sakamakon aiki kai tsaye tare da waɗanda bala'o'i, rauni, ko rashin lafiya suka shafa, musamman a masana'antar kiwon lafiya. <ref name=":022">{{Cite journal |last=Pathan |first=S. |last2=Ford |first2=C. |last3=Benson |first3=S. |last4=Illingworth |first4=C. |last5=Jackson |first5=C. |last6=Trickey |first6=D. |last7=Mallak |first7=L. |last8=O'Curry |first8=S. |year=2022 |title=The impact of a hospital staff supervision group on well-being, sense-making, and compassion fatigue. |journal=Traumatology |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=451–457 |doi=10.1037/trm0000405 |s2cid=251855769}}</ref> Mutanen da ke aiki a wasu sana'o'in taimako suma suna cikin haɗarin fuskantar gajiyar tausayi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da likitoci, masu kula da yara, ma'aikatan kare yara, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Conrad |first=David |last2=Kellar-Guenther |first2=Yvonne |date=2006 |title=Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction among Colorado Child Protection Workers |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_child-abuse-neglect_2006-10_30_10/page/1071 |journal=Child Abuse & Neglect |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1071–1080 |doi=10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.009 |pmid=17014908 |s2cid=11550618}}</ref> likitocin dabbobi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holcombe |first=T. Melissa |last2=Strand |first2=Elizabeth B. |last3=Nugent |first3=William R. |last4=Ng |first4=Zenithson Y. |date=2016 |title=Veterinary social work: Practice within veterinary settings |journal=Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment |volume=26 |issue=1 |page=69 |doi=10.1080/10911359.2015.1059170 |s2cid=146338069}}</ref> malamai, [[Malami|malamai]], <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharp Donahoo |first=Lori M. |last2=Siegrist |first2=Beverly |last3=Garrett-Wright |first3=Dawn |date=2017-08-16 |title=Addressing Compassion Fatigue and Stress of Special Education Teachers and Professional Staff Using Mindfulness and Prayer |journal=The Journal of School Nursing |language=en-US |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=442–448 |doi=10.1177/1059840517725789 |issn=1059-8405 |pmid=28812432 |s2cid=35250882}}</ref> ma'aikatan zamantakewa, ma'aikatan kula da rage raɗaɗi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Samson |first=Tali |last2=Shvartzman |first2=Pesach |date=2018-08-01 |title=Secondary Traumatization and Proneness to Dissociation Among Palliative Care Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study |url=https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(18)30229-X/abstract |journal=Journal of Pain and Symptom Management |language=en |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=245–251 |doi=10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.04.012 |issn=0885-3924 |pmid=29729350 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Ɗan jarida|'yan jarida]], <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Backholm |first=K. |last2=Björkqvist |first2=K. |year=2010 |title=The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists: a study of crisis-related factors predicting psychological health in a sample of Finnish journalists |journal=Media, War & Conflict |language=en |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=138–151 |doi=10.1177/1750635210368309 |issn=1750-6352 |s2cid=144580678}}</ref> [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|jami'an 'yan sanda]], <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Turgoose |first=David |last2=Glover |first2=Naomi |last3=Barker |first3=Chris |last4=Maddox |first4=Lucy |year=2017 |title=Empathy, compassion fatigue, and burnout in police officers working with rape victims. |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1540106/ |journal=Traumatology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=205–213 |doi=10.1037/trm0000118 |issn=1085-9373 |s2cid=55719767}}</ref> masu kashe gobara, ma'aikatan agajin gaggawa, ma'aikatan jin daɗin dabbobi, masu kula da sashin lafiya, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cocker |first=Fiona |last2=Joss |first2=Nerida |date=2016-06-22 |title=Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare, Emergency and Community Service Workers: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=13 |issue=6 |page=618 |bibcode=2016IJERP..13..618C |doi=10.3390/ijerph13060618 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=4924075 |pmid=27338436 |doi-access=free}}</ref> da ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai . <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Raimondi |first=Thomas P. |date=2019-05-04 |title=Compassion Fatigue in Higher Education: Lessons From Other Helping Fields |journal=Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning |language=en |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=52–58 |doi=10.1080/00091383.2019.1606609 |issn=0009-1383 |s2cid=189989010}}</ref> Wadanda ba ƙwararru ba, kamar 'yan uwa da sauran masu kula da mutanen da ke da rashin lafiya na yau da kullun, suma suna iya fuskantar gajiyar tausayi. <ref name=":022" /> An fara ƙirƙiro kalmar a shekarar 1992 ta Carla Joinson don bayyana mummunan tasirin da ma'aikatan jinya na asibiti ke fuskanta sakamakon yawan kamuwa da su a kullum ga gaggawar marasa lafiya. == Alamomin == Mutanen da ke fuskantar gajiya ta tausayi na iya nuna alamu iri-iri, ciki har da, amma ba'a iyakance ga, raguwar hankali ba, jin kasala ko jin rashin taimako, haushi, rashin gamsuwa da kai, janyewa, ciwo da raɗaɗi, gajiya, fushi, ko raguwar ikon jin tausayi. <ref name=":5" /> Waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya fuskantar ƙaruwar halayen da ba su dace ba kamar shan giya da shan ƙwayoyi. <ref name=":5" /> Ƙwararru waɗanda ke aiki a cikin ayyukan da suka shafi rauni na iya fara neman ƙarin hutu kuma su yi la'akari da barin aikinsu. <ref name=":5" /> Akwai manyan bambance-bambancen alamu tsakanin gajiyar tausayi da sauran alamu, kamar matsalar damuwa bayan rauni (PTSD). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Paiva-Salisbury |first=Melissa L. |last2=Schwanz |first2=Kerry A. |date=2022-02-01 |title=Building Compassion Fatigue Resilience: Awareness, Prevention, and Intervention for Pre-Professionals and Current Practitioners |journal=Journal of Health Service Psychology |language=en |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=39–46 |doi=10.1007/s42843-022-00054-9 |issn=2662-2653 |pmc=8812061 |pmid=35136862}}</ref> Wani abu da ya bambanta yana cikin asalin waɗannan yanayi, inda PTSD ke samo asali daga rauni na farko ko na kai tsaye, yayin da gajiyar tausayi ke tasowa daga rauni na biyu ko na kai tsaye. == Tarihi == An yi nazarin gajiyar tausayi a fannin ilimin rauni, inda Charles Figley ya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar siffanta shi a matsayin "kudin kulawa" da mutane ke fuskanta wajen taimaka wa sana'o'i. Carla Joinson ta gabatar da kalmar a cikin wallafe-wallafen a shekarar 1992 don bayyana mummunan tasirin da ma'aikatan jinya na asibiti ke fuskanta sakamakon yawan kamuwa da su a kullum ga marasa lafiya. <ref name=":25" /> Duk da haka, an yi amfani da kalmar tun daga shekarar 1961, kuma an shahara da ita a shekarar 1985 lokacin da Bob Geldof ya ambaci hakan a matsayin dalilinsa na kawo karshen ayyukan agajinsa bayan Live Aid . Zuwa wani mataki, kalmar "gajiya ta tausayi" ana ɗaukarta a matsayin abin da ba a saba gani ba kuma ana amfani da ita azaman madadin takwararta ta ilimi, wato damuwa ta biyu ta rauni. Gajiya ta tausayi kuma ana kiranta cin zarafi na biyu, <ref name="Compassion Fatigue">{{Cite web |title=Compassion Fatigue |url=https://psynso.com/compassion-fatigue/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=Psynso |language=en-US}}</ref> damuwa ta biyu ta rauni, rauni na wucin gadi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lisa McCann |first=I. |last2=Pearlman |first2=Laurie Anne |date=1990-01-01 |title=Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-traumatic-stress_1990-01_3_1/page/131 |journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=131–149 |doi=10.1002/jts.2490030110 |issn=1573-6598}}</ref> da wanda ya tsira daga rauni na biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Remer |first=R. |last2=Elliott |first2=J. E. |year=1988 |title=Characteristics of secondary victims of sexual assault |journal=International Journal of Family Psychiatry |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=373–387}}</ref> Sauran yanayi masu alaƙa sune rikicin iyali da ya shafi fyaɗe da tasirin "kusanci" ga mata abokan hulɗa na tsoffin sojoji. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Verbosky |first=S. J. |last2=Ryan |first2=D. A. |date=1988 |title=Female partners of Vietnam veterans: stress by proximity |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_issues-in-mental-health-nursing_1988_9_1/page/95 |journal=Issues in Mental Health Nursing |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=95–104 |doi=10.3109/01612848809140912 |issn=0161-2840 |pmid=3356550}}</ref> <ref name="a2">{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=C |year=2011 |title=Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nurses: A Systematic Review |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_archives-of-psychiatric-nursing_2011-02_25_1/page/1 |journal=Archives of Psychiatric Nursing |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1016/j.apnu.2010.05.005 |pmid=21251596}}</ref> == Aunawa da kimantawa == Wasu daga cikin kimantawa na farko kuma mafi yawan amfani da su sune Gwajin Kai na Tausayi (CFST), Gwajin Gamsuwa da Gajiya (CSFT) <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Bride |first=Brian E. |last2=Radey |first2=Melissa |last3=Figley |first3=Charles R. |date=2007-09-01 |title=Measuring Compassion Fatigue |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_clinical-social-work-journal_2007-09_35_3/page/155 |journal=Clinical Social Work Journal |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=155–163 |doi=10.1007/s10615-007-0091-7 |issn=1573-3343 |doi-access=free}}</ref> da Sikelin Gajiya na Tausayi—An sake Dubawa. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Professional Quality of Life |url=https://proqol.org/ProQol_Test.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514022454/http://www.proqol.org/ProQol_Test.html |archive-date=2009-05-14 |website=proqol.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=Cheryl Tatano |author-link=Cheryl Tatano Beck |date=2011 |title=Secondary Traumatic Stress in Nurses: A Systematic Review |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_archives-of-psychiatric-nursing_2011-02_25_1/page/1 |journal=Archives of Psychiatric Nursing |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1016/j.apnu.2010.05.005 |issn=0883-9417 |pmid=21251596}}</ref> Tsarin kimanta kai na ProQOL (ko sikelin Ingancin Rayuwa na Ƙwararru) <ref name=":8"/> ya ƙunshi ƙananan ma'auni guda uku: gamsuwar tausayi, gajiya, gajiyar tausayi / damuwa ta biyu ta rauni. <ref name=":7"/> Sikelin Damuwa na Biyu (STSS) yana tantance yawan kutse, gujewa, da alamun tashin hankali da ke da alaƙa da fallasa kai tsaye ga abubuwan da suka faru na rauni ta hanyar aikin asibiti tare da mutanen da suka ji rauni. <ref name=":7"/> == Abubuwan Haɗari == Yawancin halaye na ƙungiya a fannoni inda STS ya fi yawa suna taimakawa ga gajiyar tausayi tsakanin ma'aikata, kamar a fannin kiwon lafiya inda "al'adar shiru" ta zama ruwan dare ta hanyar rashin tattauna abubuwan da suka faru masu wahala, kamar mutuwar a sashin kulawa mai zurfi, bayan abin ya faru ya ƙaru da ƙimar CF. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=University of Stavanger, Norway |last2=Ramvi |first2=Ellen |last3=Gripsrud |first3=Birgitta Haga |last4=University of Stavanger, Norway |date=2017-09-20 |title=Silence about encounters with dying among healthcare professionals in a society that 'de-tabooises' death |url=https://www.fons.org/library/journal/volume7-suppl/article9 |journal=International Practice Development Journal |volume=7 |issue=Suppl |pages=1–12 |doi=10.19043/ipdj.7SP.009 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ƙarin abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiya na iya haifar da yanayi kamar dogon lokacin aiki, ƙarancin ma'aikata, rashin wayewa a wurin aiki, da kuma jin korar korar manajojinsu ko rashin aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Causes and Effects of Compassion Fatigue |url=https://nursinganswers.net/essays/causes-and-effects-of-compassion-fatigue.php |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=NursingAnswers.net |language=en}}</ref> Rashin sanin alamun cutar da kuma rashin horo mai kyau game da haɗarin da ke tattare da aikinsu da ke fuskantar rauni yana haifar da ƙaruwar yawan kamuwa da cutar STS. <ref name="a3">{{Cite journal |last=Meadors |display-authors=et al |year=2008 |title=Compassion Fatigue and Secondary Traumatization: Provider Self Care on the Intensive Care Units for Children |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-pediatric-health-care_january-february-2008_22_1/page/24 |journal=Journal of Pediatric Health Care |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=24–34 |doi=10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.01.006 |pmid=18174086}}</ref> Matakan alamun raunin da ya faru yawanci sun dogara ne akan sharuɗɗa uku: kusanci, ƙarfi, da tsawon lokaci. Kusa da kusanci yana nufin kusancin mai bada sabis da abin da ya faru, ƙarfin yana bayyana ta hanyar girman da tsananin abin da ya faru, kuma tsawon lokacin yana nufin tsawon lokacin da mai bada sabis ke shiga cikin abin da ya faru. Gajiyawar tausayi tana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da ƙaruwar hulɗa tsakanin mabukata. Saboda haka, mutanen da ke zaune a biranen birane suna iya fuskantar gajiyar tausayi. Mutane a manyan birane suna mu'amala da mutane da yawa gabaɗaya, kuma saboda haka, suna daina damuwa da matsalolin mutane. Marasa gida galibi suna tafiya zuwa manyan birane. Talakawa galibi ba sa damuwa da rashin matsuguni idan suka gan shi akai-akai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levine |first=Robert V. |last2=Martinez |first2=Todd Simon |last3=Brase |first3=Gary |last4=Sorenson |first4=Kerry |date=1994 |title=Helping in 36 U.S. cities. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-personality-and-social-psychology_1994-07_67_1/page/69 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=69–82 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.69 |issn=0022-3514}}</ref> Rashin tausayi na iya haifar da baƙin ciki . <ref name="q667">{{Cite journal |last=Kaufman |first=Scott Barry |last2=Jauk |first2=Emanuel |date=2020-05-21 |title=Healthy Selfishness and Pathological Altruism: Measuring Two Paradoxical Forms of Selfishness |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |publisher=Frontiers Media SA |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01006 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=7265883 |pmid=32528378 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Iyali == Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa "jimlar gajiyar tausayi da matakan gamsuwar tausayi sun kasance matsakaici, don haka yana nuna yuwuwar haɗarin gajiyar tausayi ga masu kula da iyali", yana nuna cewa masu kula da marasa lafiya na farko na iyali suma suna iya fuskantar gajiyar tausayi ko STS. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liao |first=Xinqi |last2=Wang |first2=Jinfeng |last3=Zhang |first3=Fengying |last4=Luo |first4=Zhipeng |last5=Zeng |first5=Yanli |last6=Wang |first6=Guofu |date=May 2022 |title=The levels and related factors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=Geriatric Nursing |volume=45 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.02.016 |issn=1528-3984 |pmid=35279623 |s2cid=247403757}}</ref> == A cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya == Tsakanin kashi 16% zuwa 85% na [[Mai ba da kiwon lafiya|ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya]] a fannoni daban-daban suna fama da gajiyar tausayi. A wani bincike, kashi 86% na ma'aikatan jinya na dakin gaggawa sun cika sharuddan gajiyar tausayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hooper |display-authors=et al |year=2010 |title=Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue Among Emergency Nurses Compared With Nurses in Other Selected Inpatient Specialties |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-emergency-nursing_2010-09_36_5/page/420 |journal=Journal of Emergency Nursing |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=420–427 |doi=10.1016/j.jen.2009.11.027 |pmid=20837210}}</ref> A wani binciken kuma, an gano cewa sama da kashi 25% na ma'aikatan jinya na asibiti suna da alamun cututtuka masu tsanani bayan rauni. <ref name="a2"/> Bugu da ƙari, kashi 34% na ma'aikatan jinya na asibiti a wani binciken sun cika sharuddan gajiyar damuwa/tausayi na biyu. <ref name="a2" /> Akwai dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin damuwa da ta shafi aiki da gajiyar tausayi wanda ya haɗa da abubuwa kamar: hali ga rayuwa, damuwa da ta shafi aiki, yadda mutum ke aiki, adadin lokacin da yake aiki a wani aiki, nau'in aiki, da jinsi duk suna taka rawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aslan |first=Hakime |last2=Erci |first2=Behice |last3=Pekince |first3=Hatice |date=June 2022 |title=Relationship Between Compassion Fatigue in Nurses, and Work-Related Stress and the Meaning of Life |journal=Journal of Religion and Health |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=1848–1860 |doi=10.1007/s10943-020-01142-0 |issn=1573-6571 |pmc=7775832 |pmid=33386572}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi tsakanin ma'aikatan jinya a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ya gano cewa dabarun magance matsaloli masu aiki, kamar neman tallafi a zamantakewa da warware matsaloli, suna da alaƙa da gamsuwar tausayi da ƙarancin gajiya, yayin da magancewa bisa ga gujewa yana da alaƙa da babban damuwa ta motsin rai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albaqawi |first=Hamdan Mohammad |last2=Alshammari |first2=Mohammed Hamdan |date=2025-05-01 |title=Resilience, compassion fatigue, moral distress and moral injury of nurses |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330241287862 |journal=Nursing Ethics |language=EN |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=798–813 |doi=10.1177/09697330241287862 |issn=0969-7330 |pmid=39378980 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An gano dabarun magancewa suna hasashen kusan kashi 25.4% na bambancin sakamakon gajiyar tausayi a cikin wannan al'umma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albaqawi |first=H. M. |last2=Alshammari |first2=M. H. |date=2025 |title=Sage Journals: Discover world-class research |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent |journal=Nursing Ethics |language=en |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=798–813 |doi=10.1177/09697330241287862 |pmid=39378980 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> Gajiya ga tausayi shine damuwa ta motsin rai da ta jiki da ake samu ta hanyar magani da taimaka wa marasa lafiya da ke cikin mawuyacin hali. Wannan na iya rage wa kwararrun kiwon lafiya hankali game da bukatun wasu, wanda hakan ke sa su rasa tausayi ga marasa lafiya na gaba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshman |first=C. |last2=Hansen |first2=A. |last3=Munro |first3=I. |year=2022 |title=Compassion fatigue in mental health nurses: A systematic review. |journal=Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=529–543 |doi=10.1111/jpm.12812 |pmid=34874593 |s2cid=245109708}}</ref> Akwai muhimman abubuwa guda uku na Gajiya ga tausayi: Gajiya ga tausayi, damuwa ta biyu, da gajiya. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa gajiya ba iri ɗaya ba ce da Gajiya ga tausayi; gajiya ita ce damuwa da gajiya ta hankali da rashin iya jure yanayi da buƙatun jiki da na tunani akai-akai ke haifarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olsen |first=Sarah |last2=Norris |first2=Lori |last3=Cipriano |first3=Doreen |last4=Berger |first4=Julie |last5=Divanbeigi |first5=Joyce |last6=Deshields |first6=Teresa |last7=Potter |first7=Patricia |year=2010 |title=Compassion Fatigue and Burnout |journal=Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=E56–E62 |doi=10.1188/10.CJON.E56-E62 |pmid=20880809 |s2cid=3871989 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke fuskantar gajiyar tausayi na iya samun wahalar ci gaba da yin ayyukansu. Duk da cewa mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa waɗannan cututtukan suna shafar ma'aikatan da suka daɗe suna aiki a fagen, akasin haka ya zama gaskiya. Matasan likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar gajiya da kuma gajiyar tausayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brindley |first=PG |year=2017 |title=Psychological burnout and the intensive care practitioner: A practical and candid review for those who care |journal=Journal of the Intensive Care Society |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=270–275 |doi=10.1177/1751143717713088 |pmc=5661791 |pmid=29123554 |s2cid=46006920}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Jaridar Yammacin Duniya ta Magungunan Gaggawa ya nuna cewa mazauna wurin aikin likita waɗanda ke aiki a dare ɗaya ko kuma suna aiki fiye da sa'o'i tamanin a mako suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar tausayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fernanda |first=Bellolio |last2=Cabrera |first2=Daniel |last3=Sadosty |first3=Annie |last4=Hess |first4=Erik |last5=Campbell |first5=Ronna |last6=Lohse |first6=Christine |last7=Sunga |first7=Kharmene |year=2014 |title=Compassion Fatigue is Similar in Emergency Medicine Residents Compared to other Medical and Surgical Specialties |journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=629–635 |doi=10.5811/westjem.2014.5.21624 |pmc=4162717 |pmid=25247031}}</ref> Ƙarancin gajiya wani babban abin da ya ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan ƙwararru waɗanda ke da haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar tausayi. Ƙarancin gajiya wata matsala ce mai matuƙar muhimmanci ta zamani wadda za a iya rarraba ta a matsayin fama da gajiyar motsin rai, rashin iya sarrafa kai, da kuma ƙarancin jin daɗin cimma burinsu. Za su iya fuskantar rauni yayin da suke ƙoƙarin magance gajiyar tausayi, wanda hakan zai iya tilasta musu fita daga fagen aikinsu. Idan suka yanke shawarar zama, zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga dangantakar da suke da ita da marasa lafiya saboda ya dogara ne akan ƙirƙirar dangantaka mai tausayi da aminci wacce za ta iya zama da wahala a yi a tsakanin gajiyar tausayi. Saboda haka, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ƙara ba da muhimmanci ga tallafawa buƙatun motsin zuciyar ma'aikatansu don su iya kula da marasa lafiya da kyau. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sorenson |first=Claire |last2=Bolick |first2=Beth |last3=Wright |first3=Karen |last4=Hamilton |first4=Rebekah |year=2017 |title=An Evolutionary Concept Analysis of Compassion Fatigue |journal=Journal of Nursing Scholarship |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=557–563 |doi=10.1111/jnu.12312 |pmid=28598011 |s2cid=24007348}}</ref> Nazarin da Zang et al. suka tattara a shekarar 2018 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Ying-Ying |last2=Han |first2=Wen-Li |last3=Qin |first3=Wen |last4=Yin |first4=Hai-Xia |last5=Zhang |first5=Chong-Fang |last6=Kong |first6=Cui |last7=Wang |first7=Ying-Lei |date=October 2018 |title=Extent of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout in nursing: A meta-analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-nursing-management_2018-10_26_7/page/810 |journal=Journal of Nursing Management |language=en |volume=26 |issue=7 |pages=810–819 |doi=10.1111/jonm.12589 |pmid=30129106 |s2cid=52051780 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ya nuna cewa matakin ilimin da mutum ya samu a fannin kiwon lafiya yana da tasiri ga matakan gajiya, gamsuwar tausayi, da gajiyar tausayi. Bincike ya nuna cewa waɗanda ke da ilimi mai zurfi a fanninsu za su fuskanci ƙarancin gajiya da gajiyar tausayi, yayin da kuma za su sami ƙarin gamsuwar tausayi. Wani suna da ra'ayi da aka haɗa kai tsaye da gajiyar tausayi shine raunin ɗabi'a . An ambaci raunin ɗabi'a a cikin mahallin kiwon lafiya kai tsaye a cikin labarin ''Stat News'' ta Drs. Wendy Dean da Simon Talbot, mai taken "Likitoci ba sa 'ƙonawa.' Suna fama da raunin ɗabi'a." Labarin da ra'ayin sun ci gaba da bayyana cewa likitoci (a Amurka) an kama su a cikin ninki biyu da uku da ninki huɗu suna da alaƙa tsakanin wajibai na bayanan lafiyar lantarki, lamunin ɗalibi, buƙatun nauyin marasa lafiya ta hanyar asibiti, da hanyoyin da aka yi - duk yayin da suke aiki don cimma burin samar da mafi kyawun kulawa da warkarwa ga marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, matsalolin tsarin da likitoci ke fuskanta galibi suna haifar da damuwa mai zurfi saboda marasa lafiya suna fama da wahala duk da ƙoƙarin likita. Wannan ra'ayi na raunin ɗabi'a a cikin kiwon lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talbot, Dean |title=Moral Injury of Healthcare |url=https://www.moralinjury.healthcare/}}</ref> shine faɗaɗa tattaunawa game da gajiyar tausayi da gajiya. Binciken al'adu daban-daban ya gano bambance-bambancen yadda ake bayyana tausayi, tare da bambance-bambancen da aka nuna a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban tsakanin Amurka, Latin Amurka, da Turkiyya a cikin ma'aunin tausayi da taimakon hali. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jyh-Hann |last2=Detrick |first2=Sarah M. |last3=Maas |first3=Zoë |last4=Çoşkun |first4=Halise |last5=Klos |first5=Carolina |last6=Zeifert |first6=Heather |last7=Parmer |first7=Edward |last8=Sule |first8=Julia |date=September 2021 |title=Cross-cultural comparison of compassion: An in-depth analysis of cultural differences in compassion using the Compassion of Others' Lives (COOL) Scale. |url=https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/hum0000167 |journal=The Humanistic Psychologist |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=459–478 |doi=10.1037/hum0000167 |issn=1547-3333 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === CNAs/masu kulawa === Masu kula da mutanen da ke da alaƙa da su suma suna iya fuskantar gajiya ta tausayi, wanda zai iya zama sanadin mummunan hali a cikin ayyukan kulawa. Yana faruwa ne sakamakon yanayin damuwa na nuna tausayi ga wanda wahalarsa ta ci gaba kuma ba za a iya magance ta ba. Mutum na iya kula da mutumin kamar yadda doka ta tanada, duk da haka, sha'awar ɗan adam ta taimaka masa ta ragu sosai, yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi da rashin sha'awar kula da marasa lafiya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=Belinda |last2=Warren |first2=Nancy A. |year=2012 |title=Concept Analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_critical-care-nursing-quarterly_october-december-2012_35_4/page/388 |journal=Critical Care Nursing Quarterly |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=388–395 |doi=10.1097/CNQ.0b013e318268fe09 |pmid=22948373}}</ref> Wannan lamari kuma yana faruwa ne tsakanin ƙwararru da ke da hannu a [[kula da lafiya]] na dogon lokaci, da kuma waɗanda ke da 'yan uwa. Waɗannan mutanen na iya haifar da alamun [[Babban rashin damuwa|baƙin ciki]], [[Damuwa (biology)|damuwa]], da [[Raunin kwakwalwa|rauni]] . Waɗanda ke ba da [[Kulawa na farko|kulawa ta farko]] ga marasa lafiya da ke da cututtukan da ke mutuwa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da waɗannan alamun. A cikin aikin likita, galibi ana siffanta wannan da " ƙonewa ": ana amfani da takamaiman kalmomin damuwa ta biyu da rauni na baya . === Kwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa === Mutane da yawa da ke aiki a fannoni masu buƙatar tausayi da tausayi suna fuskantar waɗannan abubuwan da ke damun su a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=Combating Compassion Fatigue in Social Work |url=https://socialwork.tulane.edu/blog/compassion-fatigue-in-social-work |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=socialwork.tulane.edu |language=en-us}}</ref> Waɗannan fannoni da aka ambata sun haɗa da: ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, likitocin ciwon daji, likitocin yara, ma'aikatan HIV/AIDs, EMS, jami'an tsaro, da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya kamar ma'aikatan jinya, da sauransu. <ref name="hazeldenbettyford.org">{{Cite web |title=Healthcare Professionals and Compassion Fatigue |url=https://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/education/bcr/addiction-research/healthcare-professionals-compassion-fatigue |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.hazeldenbettyford.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521124758/https://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/education/bcr/addiction-research/healthcare-professionals-compassion-fatigue |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'aikatan zamantakewa ƙungiya ce ɗaya da za ta iya fuskantar gajiyar tausayi ko STS daga fuskantar rauni ɗaya ko kuma yana iya kasancewa daga abubuwan da suka faru na rauni da ke ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru. <ref name="socialworkonline.uky.edu">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-12 |title=Compassion Fatigue in Social Work {{!}} Secondary Trauma {{!}} UK Online |url=https://socialworkonline.uky.edu/resources/article/compassion-fatigue-social-work/ |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=UK College of Social Work |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan kuma yana iya faruwa ne saboda alaƙa da abokin ciniki da kuma irin wannan mummunan yanayi da aka samu. <ref name="socialworkonline.uky.edu" /> Gabaɗaya, ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya suna gano cewa sun gaji da farashin tausayi da tausayi, wanda aka sani da, Gajiyawar Tausayi. Sau da yawa suna bayyana jin "gudu a kan babu komai". <ref name="hazeldenbettyford.org" /> Ba za a iya musanta mahimmancin gudummawar ilimi da ganewa ba wajen magance gajiyar tausayi. <ref name="hazeldenbettyford.org" /> Wasu shaidu suna goyon bayan ka'idoji cewa dabarun tunani da tunani kamar Horar da Rage Damuwa bisa Hankali da Horar da Tausayi, tare da goyon bayan masu gudanarwa suna taimakawa wajen yaƙar da rage STS. <ref name="hazeldenbettyford.org" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Compassion Fatigue {{!}} Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/compassion-fatigue |access-date=2022-07-17 |website=www.psychologytoday.com |language=en}}</ref> === Ma'aikatan kulawa masu mahimmanci === Ma'aikatan kulawa masu mahimmanci suna da mafi girman adadin da aka ruwaito na gajiya, wata cuta da ke da alaƙa da ci gaba zuwa gajiyar tausayi. Waɗannan masu ba da sabis suna shaida yawan cututtukan marasa lafiya da mutuwa, wanda hakan ke barin su su yi tambaya ko aikinsu yana da ma'ana da gaske. Bugu da ƙari, ana sa ran masu ba da sabis na manyan ayyuka su san ƙaruwar adadin bayanan likita tare da matsaloli masu yawa na ɗabi'a/buƙatun likita. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Browning |first=Stacey G. |date=December 2019 |title=Burnout in Critical Care Nurses |journal=Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=527–536 |doi=10.1016/j.cnc.2019.07.008 |issn=0899-5885 |pmid=31685119 |s2cid=204047636}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da rashin daidaiton lada na aiki - ko raguwar gamsuwar tausayi. Gamsuwar tausayi tana da alaƙa da "biya mai kyau" wanda ke fitowa daga kulawa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Fahey |first=Donna M. |last2=Glasofer |first2=Amy |year=2016 |title=An inverse relationship |journal=Nursing Critical Care |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=30–35 |doi=10.1097/01.CCN.0000490957.22107.50 |s2cid=79378848}}</ref> Tare da ƙarancin gamsuwar tausayi, likitocin kulawa mai mahimmanci da ma'aikatan jinya sun ba da rahoton misalan da ke sama a matsayin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gajiya da gajiyar tausayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fumis |first=Renata Rego Lins |last2=Junqueira Amarante |first2=Gustavo Adolpho |last3=De Fátima Nascimento |first3=Andréia |last4=Vieira Junior |first4=José Mauro |year=2017 |title=Moral distress and its contribution to the development of burnout syndrome among critical care providers |journal=Annals of Intensive Care |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=71 |doi=10.1186/s13613-017-0293-2 |pmc=5479870 |pmid=28639161 |s2cid=13011218 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Waɗanda ke kula da mutanen da suka fuskanci rauni na iya fuskantar canji a yadda suke kallon duniya; suna ganin ta da muni. Yana iya yin mummunan tasiri ga jin daɗin kai, aminci, da iko na ma'aikacin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mott |first=J. |last2=Martin |first2=L.A. |year=2019 |title=Adverse childhood experiences, self-care, and compassion outcomes in mental health providers working with trauma. |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1066–1083 |doi=10.1002/jclp.22752 |pmid=30720876 |s2cid=73424690}}</ref> A cikin ma'aikatan ICU, gajiyar gajiya da tausayi an danganta su da raguwar ingancin kulawa da gamsuwar marasa lafiya, da kuma ƙaruwar kurakuran likita, yawan kamuwa da cuta, da yawan mutuwa, wanda hakan ya sa wannan batu ya zama abin damuwa ba kawai ga masu ba da sabis ba har ma da marasa lafiya. Waɗannan sakamakon kuma suna shafar kuɗaɗen ƙungiyar. <ref name=":3" /> A cewar Cibiyar Magunguna, abubuwan da za a iya hana su na miyagun ƙwayoyi ko kurakuran magunguna masu cutarwa (wanda ke da alaƙa da gajiya/ƙonewa) suna faruwa a cikin kashi 1% zuwa 10% na shiga asibiti kuma suna ɗauke da kuɗin dala biliyan 3.5. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Maiden |first=Jeanne |last2=Georges |first2=Jane M. |last3=Connelly |first3=Cynthia D. |year=2011 |title=Moral Distress, Compassion Fatigue, and Perceptions About Medication Errors in Certified Critical Care Nurses |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dimensions-of-critical-care-nursing_november-december-2011_30_6/page/339 |journal=Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing |volume=30 |issue=6 |pages=339–345 |doi=10.1097/dcc.0b013e31822fab2a |issn=0730-4625 |pmid=21983510 |s2cid=44752540}}</ref> Akwai jimillar abubuwa guda huɗu da ake amfani da su don bayyana dalilan da ke haifar da gajiya, STS, da gajiya ta tausayi: yanayin damuwa, manyan alamun damuwa, martani ga raunin da marasa lafiya ke fuskanta, da kuma matsalolin barci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Fadwa |last2=Baruch |first2=Jay |last3=Armstrong |first3=Paul |date=2022-05-06 |title=Examining the Constructs of Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress in Physicians Using Factor Analyses |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=10 |bibcode=2022FrPH...1093165A |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2022.893165 |issn=2296-2565 |pmc=9120964 |pmid=35602123 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa wajen tausayawa da kuma nuna tausayi suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar tausayi. Saboda haka, ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya - musamman waɗanda ke aiki a cikin kulawa mai tsanani - waɗanda ke fuskantar mutuwa akai-akai, rauni, yanayi mai tsanani, tsawon kwanakin aiki, marasa lafiya masu wahala, matsin lamba daga dangin majiyyaci, da rikice-rikice da sauran ma'aikata - suna cikin haɗari mafi girma. <ref name=":4"/> Waɗannan fallasa suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar tausayi da gajiya, wanda sau da yawa yana sa ya yi wa ƙwararru wahala su ci gaba da aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya. Waɗanda ke zama a fannin kiwon lafiya bayan sun sami gajiya ko gajiya suna iya fuskantar rashin kuzari, wahalar mai da hankali, hotuna ko tunani marasa so, rashin barci, damuwa, rashin jin daɗi da kuma fushi. <ref name=":2"/> Sakamakon haka, waɗannan ƙwararrun ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na iya haifar da shan ƙwayoyi daga baya, baƙin ciki, ko kashe kansu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moss |first=Marc |last2=Good |first2=Vicki S. |last3=Gozal |first3=David |last4=Kleinpell |first4=Ruth |last5=Sessler |first5=Curtis N. |year=2016 |title=An Official Critical Care Societies Collaborative Statement—Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Health-care Professionals |journal=Chest |volume=150 |issue=1 |pages=17–26 |doi=10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.649 |issn=0012-3692 |pmid=27396776 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani bincike na 2018 wanda ya bincika bambance-bambance a cikin gajiyar tausayi a cikin ma'aikatan jinya bisa ga amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ya gano ƙaruwa mai yawa ga waɗanda suka yi amfani da sigari, magungunan barci, abubuwan sha masu ƙarfi, magungunan rage damuwa, da magungunan rage damuwa. Abin takaici, duk da ƙoƙarin da aka yi kwanan nan don rage gajiya, da alama matsalar tana ƙaruwa. A shekarar 2011, wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Lafiyar Likitoci ta gudanar a Mayo Clinic ya nuna cewa kashi 45% na likitoci a Amurka suna da alamun gajiya ɗaya ko fiye. A shekarar 2014, wannan adadin ya ƙaru zuwa kashi 54%. == Ƙwararru a harkokin ɗalibai == Saboda sauyin yanayin makarantun gaba da sakandare, wani lokacin sakamakon samun ɗalibai masu bambancin ra'ayi da kuma waɗanda aka ware, ayyukan jami'a da kuma ayyukan ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai sun samo asali. Waɗannan canje-canje ƙoƙari ne na magance ƙaruwar abubuwan da suka faru da rikice-rikice masu ban tsoro. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seifert |first=T. A. |last2=Perozzi |first2=B. |last3=Li |first3=W. |year=2015 |title=Issues and challenges in student affairs and services work: a comparison of perspectives from Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/aeipt.207729 |journal=Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association |issue=45 |pages=41–51}}</ref> Saboda fuskantar matsalolin ɗalibai da abubuwan da suka faru masu ban tausayi, ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai, a matsayinsu na ma'aikatan gaba, suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da gajiyar tausayi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Stoves |first=Douglas |title=Compelled to Act: The Negotiation of Compassion Fatigue among Student Affairs Professionals |url=http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml |website=ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database}}</ref> Irin waɗannan rikice-rikicen na iya haɗawa da cin zarafin jima'i, tunanin kashe kai, mummunan yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa, da laifukan ƙiyayya/nuna wariya. <ref name=":32">{{Cite journal |last=Lynch |first=R. Jason |last2=Glass |first2=Chris R. |date=January 2019 |title=The Development of the Secondary Trauma in Student Affairs Professionals Scale (STSAP) |url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Lynch_Jason_Glass_2018_Development%20Secondary%20Trauma.pdf |journal=Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice |language=en |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1080/19496591.2018.1474757 |issn=1949-6591 |s2cid=149942045 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524234335/http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Lynch_Jason_Glass_2018_Development%20Secondary%20Trauma.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-24 |access-date=2026-06-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa kusan rabin dukkan ma'aikatan jami'a sun ambaci [[Rashin damuwa na hankali|damuwar tunani]] a matsayin abin da ke haifar da damuwa a wurin aiki gaba ɗaya. Wannan rukunin ya kuma nuna gajiyar motsin rai, rashin gamsuwa da aiki, da kuma niyyar barin aikinsu cikin shekara mai zuwa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biron |first=C |last2=Brun |first2=JP |last3=Ivers |first3=H |year=2008 |title=Extent and sources of occupational stress in university staff. |journal=Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation |publication-place=Reading, Mass. |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=511–22 |doi=10.3233/WOR-2008-00678 |issn=1051-9815 |pmid=18725713}}</ref> alamun da ke da alaƙa da gajiyar tausayi. === Abubuwan da ke haifar da gajiyar tausayi a cikin ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai === An gano cewa ƙwararrun harkokin ɗalibai waɗanda suka fi kusanci da ɗaliban da suke aiki tare kuma waɗanda ke nuna wurin sarrafawa na ciki suna da yuwuwar samun gajiyar tausayi idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da ke da wurin sarrafawa na waje kuma suna iya kiyaye iyakoki tsakanin kansu da waɗanda suke aiki tare. <ref name=":0"/> == A cikin lauyoyi == Gajiya da gajiya na iya faruwa a cikin sana'ar lauya; yana iya faruwa ne saboda "bambanci tsakanin tsammani da sakamako," ko kuma tunanin cewa mutum yana da babban aiki da zai cimma fiye da samar da albarkatu da tallafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=Lee |last2=Johnson |first2=Jennifer |last3=Woods |first3=George |date=2015–2016 |title=Burnout and Compassion Fatigue: What Lawyers Need to Know |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/umkc84&id=1013&div=&collection= |journal=UMKC Law Review |volume=84 |page=987}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yawan lauyoyin da ke aiki da waɗanda abin ya shafa suna nuna alamun gajiya mai yawa. A gaskiya ma, lauyoyi sun fi fuskantar damuwa sau huɗu fiye da sauran jama'a. Suna kuma da yawan [[Kisan kai|kashe kai]] da shan muggan kwayoyi . Yawancin lauyoyi, lokacin da aka tambaye su, sun ce iliminsu na yau da kullun bai isa ba wajen magance raunin da ya faru. Baya ga yin aiki kai tsaye da waɗanda abin ya shafa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa lauyoyi za su iya samun gajiyar tausayi shine saboda nauyin shari'o'i masu wahala, da kuma tsawon sa'o'i da suka saba da wannan sana'a. <ref name="a1">{{Cite web |title=Compassion Fatigue - Because You Care |url=http://www.transitionsandyou.com/Compassion_Fatigue.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120225541/http://www.transitionsandyou.com/Compassion_Fatigue.pdf |archive-date=November 20, 2008 |access-date=1 February 2007 |website=St. Petersburg Bar Association Magazine}}</ref> == Rigakafi da ragewa == A ƙoƙarin shiryawa da kuma yaƙi da gajiyar tausayi, ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna aiwatar da gajiyar tausayi da kuma horon rigakafin damuwa na biyu wanda ke wayar da kan ma'aikata game da haɗarin aiki <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Merriman |first=J. |date=2015 |title=Enhancing counselor supervision through compassion fatigue education. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-counseling-and-development-jcd_2015-07_93_3/page/370 |journal=Journal of Counseling and Development |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=370–378 |doi=10.1002/jcad.12035}}</ref> wajen taimakawa da kare sana'o'i, wayar da kan jama'a game da alamun cutar, da kuma koyar da ƙwarewa kamar kayan aikin magance matsalolin da za a yi amfani da su kafin da kuma bayan yanayi mai wahala, aiki tare da mutunci, da kuma ƙirƙirar tsarin tallafi wanda ya haɗa da mutane da albarkatu waɗanda za su iya samar da fahimta kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da haɗarin gajiyar tausayi. Ma'aikata kuma suna koyon yadda ake rage damuwa da rage damuwa, ta amfani da kayan aikin kula da kai, da kayan aikin rage damuwa mai rauni. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potter |first=Patricia |last2=Pion |first2=Sarah |last3=Gentry |first3=J. Eric |year=2015 |title=Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Training: The Experience of Facilitators |journal=The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=83–88 |doi=10.3928/00220124-20151217-03 |pmid=25522376}}</ref> Tallafin ƙungiya muhimmin abu ne wajen hana gajiyar tausayi, kamar yadda shirye-shiryen da aka tsara da yanayin aiki mai tallafi ke da alaƙa da ƙaruwar gamsuwar tausayi tsakanin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albaqawi |first=H. M. |last2=Alshammari |first2=M. H. |date=2025 |title=Sage Journals: Discover world-class research |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/action/cookieAbsent |journal=Nursing Ethics |language=en |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=798–813 |doi=10.1177/09697330241287862 |pmid=39378980 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> === Ilmantarwa da Horar da Ma'aikata === Babban ci gaba a wayar da kan jama'a game da gajiyar tausayi da kuma gano dabarun magance matsalolin damuwa daban-daban yana da alaƙa da raguwar alamun kamar jin ƙarancin damuwa, tashin hankali, ko damuwa, yayin da ake samun ƙaruwar jin daɗin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali. <ref name="a3"/> === Horar da jagoranci da kulawa === Shugabanni, manajoji, da masu kula waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu jagoranci waɗanda suka fuskanci rauni, za su iya rage tasirin kamuwa da rauni ta hanyar dabarun kamar horar da jama'a, horar [[Taimako na tsara|da tallafin takwarorinsu]], amfani da hanyoyin ba da bayani mai aminci ga tunanin mutum bayan abubuwan da za su iya haifar da rauni, sa ido kan matakan fallasa ma'aikata, haɓaka abubuwan ƙarfafa gwiwa, da kuma samar da sassauci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hofmeyer |first=Anne |last2=Taylor |first2=Ruth |last3=Kennedy |first3=Kate |date=November 2020 |title=Fostering compassion and reducing burnout: How can health system leaders respond in the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond? |journal=Nurse Education Today |volume=94 |doi=10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104502 |issn=0260-6917 |pmc=7295512 |pmid=32980180}}</ref> === Horar da tallafin takwarorinsu === Ana iya amfani da tallafin abokin tarayya ɗaya bayan ɗaya ko kuma ba tare da wata matsala ba bayan abubuwan da suka faru na ƙalubale ko damuwa don rage haɗarin kamuwa da gajiya ta tausayi da kuma damuwa ta biyu a cikin membobin ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCall |first=W. Travis |date=2023 |title=Piloting Peer Support to Decrease Secondary Traumatic Stress, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Air Medical Crewmembers |journal=Air Medical Journal |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=157–162 |doi=10.1016/j.amj.2023.01.004 |issn=1532-6497 |pmid=37150568 |s2cid=257069144}}</ref> === Ƙungiyoyin tallafawa takwarorinsu === Kungiyoyin tallafawa takwarorin sun sa mahalarta suka ji kamar "ba su kaɗaita ba" kuma suna nuna ƙarin sha'awar koyon yadda za su tallafa wa junansu. Abokan hulɗar da suka halarci taron sun ba da rahoton jin ƙarin goyon baya, yin aiki mafi kyau, kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya, da kuma samun ƙarin damar jin daɗin ayyukan ƙwararru na dogon lokaci. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hrb12vcrxoanvnfaxnl61rr4lai5tjc 0 156904 965928 952957 2026-10-10T21:15:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Infobox medical condition | name = Breast pump | image = Infant Nutrition (Team Nutrition) (20210805-FNS-UNC-0011).jpg | caption = An electric breast pump in use | specialty = Lactation and breastfeeding; milk storage for breastfeeding }} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{External media|width=210px|float=right|headerimage=[[File:Omega manual breast reliever with red bulb 2018.018.jpg|210px]]|video1=[https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/video/distilled-7-bicycle-horn-or-breast-pump Distilled #7: Bicycle Horn or Breast Pump?], ''Distillations'' Podcast, [[Science History Institute]], January 18, 2019.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>'''Famfon nono''' na'ura ce ta injiniya da mata masu shayarwa ke amfani da ita don fitar da madara daga [[Nono|nononsu]] . Suna iya zama na'urori da hannu ke amfani da su ta hanyar motsa hannu ko ƙafa, ko na'urori masu sarrafa kansu ta hanyar wutar lantarki. Famfon nono suna zuwa da nau'o'i daban-daban don dacewa da buƙatun uwaye daban-daban. Famfon hannu, waɗanda ake amfani da su da hannu, suna da sauƙin ɗauka kuma suna da shiru, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da amfani lokaci-lokaci. Famfon lantarki, waɗanda ke amfani da batura ko wutar lantarki ta hanyar babban bututu, suna ba da ƙarin inganci kuma galibi ana fifita su don yin amfani da su akai-akai. Famfon nono na asibiti sune mafi ƙarfi, waɗanda aka tsara don amfani akai-akai, masu nauyi, musamman ga uwayen jarirai da ba su kai lokacin haihuwa ba ko waɗanda ke da ƙalubalen shayarwa. Famfon nono na zamani da yawa suna haɗa matakan tsotsa daidaitacce da saurin hawa keke don kwaikwayon yanayin ciyar da jariri, da nufin inganta jin daɗi da samar da madara ga mai amfani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Education - Breast Pumps Hub |url=https://breastpumpshub.com/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> An yi amfani da famfunan nono tun zamanin da, tare da shaidu da ke nuna amfani da su a cikin wayewar zamani kamar Masar da Roma ta dā. Hanyoyin farko sun haɗa da na'urori da dabaru daban-daban don fitar da madara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=p-themes |title=From Clay Pots to Wearable Pumps: A Brief History of Breast Pumping |url=https://www.healthyhorizons.com/blogs/blog/from-clay-pots-to-wearable-pumps-a-brief-history-of-breast-pumping?srsltid=AfmBOorWSsEhE2PBiVJqHRW1zj-Qgpr6uKcxDEkWo-CLYxKrhR1d-Imv |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Healthy Horizons Breastfeeding Centers, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Smithsonian |last2=Courage |first2=Katherine Harmon |title=The Sucky History of the Breast Pump |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/sucky-history-of-the-breast-pump-180980653/ |access-date=2024-12-27 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Obladen |first=Michael |date=2012-11-01 |title=Guttus, tiralatte and téterelle: a history of breast pumps |journal=Journal of Perinatal Medicine |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=669–675 |doi=10.1515/jpm-2012-0120 |issn=1619-3997 |pmid=23095190}}</ref> == Tarihi ==   A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1854, Ofishin Patent na kasar Amurka ya ba da Patent mai lamba 11,135 ga OH Needham don famfon nono. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breas |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US11135/en}}</ref> ''Scientific American'' (1863) ya amince da LO Colbin a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙira kuma ya nemi patent na famfon nono. A cikin 1921-23, injiniya kuma ƙwararren dara Edward Lasker ya samar da famfon nono na injiniya wanda ya kwaikwayi aikin tsotsar jariri kuma likitoci suka ɗauke shi a matsayin ci gaba mai kyau akan famfon nono da ake amfani da su da hannu, wanda ya kasa cire duk madarar daga nonon. Ofishin Patent na Amurka ya ba da U.S. patent 1,644,257 don famfon nono na Lasker. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patent No. 1,644,257 issued by U.S. Patent Office |url=http://patentpdf.net/US1644257.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928143621/http://patentpdf.net/US1644257.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> A cikin 1956, Einar Egnell ya buga aikinsa mai ban mamaki, "Ra'ayoyi kan abin da ke faruwa ta hanyar injiniya a cikin nonon mace yayin hanyoyi daban-daban na tattara madara". Wannan labarin ya ba da haske game da fannoni na fasaha na fitar da madara daga nono. Yawancin famfunan nono na Egnell SMB da aka tsara ta wannan binciken har yanzu suna aiki sama da shekaru 50 bayan wallafa su. [[Fayil:Muttermilch_-_Saugglocke_-_DDR_-_um_1980_-_Bild_001.jpg|thumb|Muttermilch - Saugglocke - DDR - um 1980 - Bild 001]] Masana ilmin kayan tarihi da ke aiki a wani wurin masana'antar gilashi a [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], sun haƙa wani bututun nono na ƙarni na 19 wanda ya dace da kayan aikin famfo na nono a cikin tallace-tallace na lokacin al'ada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Rebecca |date=2013-08-07 |title=Symbols of motherhood: breast pipe and nursing bottle. Artifact of the month August 2013. |url=http://www.phillyarchaeology.net/philly-archaeology/artifactindex/august-2013-artifact-of-the-month |access-date=2 August 2014 |publisher=Philadelphia Archaeological Forum}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1927, Edward Lasker ya sami takardar izinin mallakar famfon nono na farko mai amfani da wutar lantarki. == Dalilan amfani == Ana amfani da famfon nono saboda dalilai da yawa. Iyaye da yawa suna amfani da su don ci gaba [[Shayarwa|da shayarwa]] bayan sun koma aiki. Suna ba da madarar su a wurin aiki, wanda daga baya mai kula da yara ke ba wa ɗansu ta kwalba. Wannan amfani da madarar nono ya yaɗu a Amurka, inda [[Hutun iyaye|hutun iyali na albashi]] yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi guntu a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Masanin tarihi na Amurka Jill Lepore ya yi jayayya cewa buƙatar abin da ake kira " ɗakunan shayarwa " da famfon nono yana faruwa ne saboda sha'awar kamfanoni ga iyaye su koma aiki nan da nan maimakon buƙatun uwaye ko buƙatun jarirai. Ana iya amfani da famfon nono don magance ƙalubale iri-iri da iyaye za su iya fuskanta wajen shayarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da wahalhalun ɗaurewa, rabuwa da jariri a cikin kulawa mai zurfi, don ciyar da jariri wanda ba zai iya cire isasshen madara daga nono ba, don guje wa ba wa jariri magani ta hanyar nono, ko don rage yawan shayarwa, wani yanayi mai raɗaɗi wanda nonon ke cika da yawa. Haka kuma famfon nono yana da kyau don ci gaba da shayarwa da hormones ɗin da ke tattare da shi don taimakawa wajen murmurewa daga [[Juna biyu|ciki]], koda kuwa ba a yi amfani da madarar da aka yi wa famfon ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johns12 |first=Helene M |last2=Forster |first2=Della A |last3=Amir1 |first3=Lisa H |last4=McLachlan |first4=Helen L |date=2013-11-19 |title=Prevalence and outcomes of breast milk expressing in women with healthy term infants: a systematic review |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |volume=13 |issue=212 |pages=212 |doi=10.1186/1471-2393-13-212 |pmc=4225568 |pmid=24246046 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rasmussen |first=Kathleen M. |last2=Geraghty |first2=Sheela R. |date=August 2011 |title=The Quiet Revolution: Breastfeeding Transformed With the Use of Breast Pumps |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-public-health_2011-08_101_8/page/1356 |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=101 |issue=8 |pages=1356–1359 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2011.300136 |pmc=3134520 |pmid=21680919}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa ta manufofin shekarar 2012, Cibiyar Nazarin Yara ta Amurka ta ba da shawarar ciyar da jarirai nonon ɗan adam kafin lokacin haihuwa, inda ta gano "mahimman sakamako masu amfani na ɗan gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci," gami da ƙarancin ƙimar cutar enterocolitis (NEC). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Breastfeeding |year=2012 |title=Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk |journal=Pediatrics |volume=129 |issue=3 |pages=e827–e841 |doi=10.1542/peds.2011-3552 |pmid=22371471 |quote=Meta-analyses of 4 randomized clinical trials performed over the period 1983 to 2005 support the conclusion that feeding preterm infants human milk is associated with a significant reduction (58%) in the incidence of NEC. |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lokacin da jarirai ba su iya shayarwa ba, iyaye mata za su iya yin famfo idan suna son a ciyar da jariransu (ta hanyar bututun naso-gastric ) da madarar uwaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Feeding Your Baby in the NICU |url=http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/feeding-your-baby-in-the-nicu.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906214119/http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/feeding-your-baby-in-the-nicu.aspx |archive-date=2014-09-06 |access-date=2014-03-14 |publisher=March of Dimes}}</ref> Shafa madara don bayarwa wani amfani ne ga famfunan nono. Ana iya samun madarar mai bayarwa daga bankunan madara ga jarirai waɗanda ba za su iya karɓar madarar uwayensu ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Milk Donation FAQ |url=http://www.breastmilkproject.org/give-milk/milk-donation-faq.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910102453/http://www.breastmilkproject.org/give-milk/milk-donation-faq.php |archive-date=10 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |website=International Breast Milk Project}}</ref> "Pampo da dump" yana nufin yin zubar da nono maimakon yin famfo don amfani. Ana iya yin hakan ne saboda uwa tana samar da madara da yawa, ko kuma saboda uwa za ta yi nisa da jaririn na dogon lokaci ba tare da hanyar adana madarar ba, ko kuma saboda damuwa game da barasa ko wani abu da bai kamata jaririn ya ci ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title='Pump and Dump': What Is It? |url=https://www.webmd.com/baby/pump-and-dump-what-is-it#:~:text=need%20to%20do.-,What%20Does%20Pump%20and%20Dump%20Mean%3F,it%20out%20in%20a%20sink |access-date=2 June 2022 |publisher=[[WebMD]]}}</ref> == Inganci da hanya == Binciken da aka yi a [[Jami'ar Stanford]] a shekarar 2009 ya nuna alaƙar abubuwa daban-daban da yawan samar da madara a cikin uwayen jarirai kafin lokacin haihuwa (wanda aka haifa kafin makonni 31 na ciki). <ref name="j093">{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=J |last2=Hall |first2=J Y |last3=Wong |first3=R J |last4=Thairu |first4=L |last5=Benitz |first5=W E |last6=Rhine |first6=W D |date=2009-07-02 |title=Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases milk production in mothers of preterm infants |journal=Journal of Perinatology |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=757–764 |doi=10.1038/jp.2009.87 |issn=0743-8346 |pmid=19571815}}</ref> Binciken ya gano cewa bayyanar hannu baya ga famfon nono (wani dabara da ake kira "famfo da hannu", ko HOP), tare da wasu dalilai, yana da alaƙa da yawan samar da madara. Binciken ya gano cewa uwayen da suka yi amfani da dabarun tausa da kuma bayyanar hannu fiye da sau biyar a rana a cikin kwanaki uku na farko bayan haihuwa sun ƙara samar da madarar su makonni 8 bayan haka, kuma samar da madara ya karu da kashi 48%. Marubutan sun samar da bidiyo da ke nuna dabarar kuma sun bayyana cewa wannan dabarar tana da kyau ga uwayen jarirai kafin lokacin haihuwa da kuma uwayen da suka koma aiki ko famfo don wasu dalilai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2023 |title=Home |url=http://newborns.stanford.edu/Breastfeeding/MaxProduction.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622171605/http://newborns.stanford.edu/Breastfeeding/MaxProduction.html |archive-date=2014-06-22 |access-date=2013-12-18}}</ref> Wani kasida ta biyu kan wannan binciken ya gano cewa haɗakar dabarun HOP yana ƙara yawan kitsen da ke cikin madarar da aka nuna. <ref name="t153">{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=J |last2=Wong |first2=R J |last3=Hall |first3=J Y |last4=Pang |first4=W W |last5=Lai |first5=C T |last6=Lui |first6=J |last7=Hartmann |first7=P E |last8=Rhine |first8=W D |date=2012-01-05 |title=Combining hand techniques with electric pumping increases the caloric content of milk in mothers of preterm infants |journal=Journal of Perinatology |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=791–796 |doi=10.1038/jp.2011.195 |issn=0743-8346 |pmid=22222549}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Nau'ikan famfon nono na zamani == === Jagora === Ana sarrafa famfunan nono da hannu ta hanyar matsewa ko jan maƙala akai-akai, wanda ke bawa mai amfani damar sarrafa matsin lamba da yawan fitar madara kai tsaye. Duk da cewa famfunan hannu ƙanana ne kuma masu araha, suna iya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa kuma suna iya zama masu gajiya saboda mai amfani yana ba da duk ƙarfin. Waɗannan famfunan ba za su iya samar da isasshen kuzari da fitar da nono ba. famfunan hannu na "ƙaho-kekuna" na iya lalata kyallen nono da kuma adana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwan fitilar tsotsa roba, wanda yake da wahalar tsaftacewa. <ref name="Womenshealth.gov (archive)">{{Cite web |title=Breastfeeding and Pumping Accessories |url=http://www.4woman.gov/breastfeeding/index.cfm?page=238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114212054/http://www.4woman.gov/breastfeeding/index.cfm?page=238 |archive-date=14 January 2009 |website=Breastfeeding Made Easier At Home And Work |publisher=Womenshealth.gov}}</ref> <ref name="Womenshealth.gov (current)">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2010 |title=Pumping and milk storage |url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/pumping-and-milk-storage |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210214412/http://womenshealth.gov/breastfeeding/pumping-and-milk-storage/ |archive-date=10 February 2012 |website=Breastfeeding |publisher=Womenshealth.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corley |first=Heather |title=Before You Buy A Breast Pump |url=http://babyproducts.about.com/od/feedingdrinks/bb/breastpumpbuy.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217030027/http://babyproducts.about.com/od/feedingdrinks/bb/breastpumpbuy.htm |archive-date=17 February 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=About.com}}</ref> Famfon nono masu amfani da ƙafa suna amfani da bututun tattarawa da ƙahonin nono iri ɗaya kamar famfon nono na lantarki, amma ana amfani da feda na ƙafa. Wannan yana kawar da aikin famfo da hannu ko buƙatar neman hanyar lantarki mai sirri. === Lantarki === [[Fayil:WIC_Overseas_offers_free_supplemental_services_amid_pandemic_(6387713).jpg|thumb|Famfon nono na lantarki na asibiti wanda ake amfani da shi don nuna madara da adanawa.]] Akwai nau'ikan famfunan nono na lantarki guda biyu, na asibiti da na mutum. Famfon da aka yi a asibiti sun fi girma kuma an yi su ne don masu amfani da yawa. Famfon da aka yi a asibiti gabaɗaya an yi su ne don mai amfani ɗaya. Famfon nono na lantarki ana amfani da su ta hanyar injin da ke ba da tsotsa ta bututun filastik zuwa ƙaho da ya dace da kan nono. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wireless Charging Breast Pump |url=https://momcozy.com/products/momcozy-air-1-ultra-slim-breast-pump?variant=44479007621318}}</ref> Dole ne a tsaftace sassan famfon da suka taɓa nonon da aka bayyana kai tsaye don hana gurɓatawa . Wannan salon yana ba da ƙarin tsotsa, yana sa famfon ya fi sauri, kuma yana ba masu amfani damar famfo duka nonon su a lokaci guda. Famfon nono na lantarki sun fi na hannu girma, amma samfuran da aka ɗauka ana iya ɗauka ana iya amfani da su (misali, a cikin jakar baya ko jakar kafada). Wasu samfuran sun haɗa da fakitin baturi ko batura da aka gina a ciki don ba da damar aiki da famfon. Wasu famfunan lantarki suna ba da damar aiki da masu amfani da yawa, amma suna ba da shawarar kayan haɗi ga kowane mai amfani don kiyaye tsabta. <ref name="FDARent">{{Cite web |title=Buying or Renting a Breast Pump |url=https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/BreastPumps/ucm061952.htm |access-date=21 September 2015 |website=fda.gov |publisher=[[Food and Drug Administration]] |archive-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929043350/http://www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/productsandmedicalprocedures/homehealthandconsumer/consumerproducts/breastpumps/ucm061952.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya ba da shawarar famfunan haya idan yanayin lafiya ya hana shayarwa na ɗan lokaci. <ref name="FDARent"/> An tsara wasu famfunan nono don zama wani ɓangare na "tsarin ciyarwa" don haka ɓangaren ajiyar madara na famfon shine kwalbar jariri da ake amfani da ita don ciyar da jariri. Wannan yana ba da damar tattara madarar a cikin kwalba ɗaya da za ta ciyar da jariri, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar canja wurin madarar. Ana samun jakunkunan ajiyar madarar nono masu daskarewa waɗanda ke haɗuwa kai tsaye zuwa wasu famfunan nono kuma ana iya amfani da su tare da tsarin ciyar da kwalba. ==== Matsi da aminci da kewayon matsi ==== [[File:Chart_from_J_Kent_Hale_Hartman_Conference_Amarillo_2009.png|right|thumb|Jadawalin da ke nuna matsakaicin matsin lamba mafi mahimmanci]] Egnell a shekarar 1956 ya kafa matsakaicin matsakaicin 220 mmHg don famfunan kekuna na atomatik; duk da haka, an sami rahotannin nono masu laushi da nonuwa a ƙasan matsin lamba. Hartman et al., a cikin wani bincike na 2008, <ref name="j894">{{Cite journal |last=Kent |first=Jacqueline C. |last2=Mitoulas |first2=Leon R. |last3=Cregan |first3=Mark D. |last4=Geddes |first4=Donna T. |last5=Larsson |first5=Michael |last6=Doherty |first6=Dorota A. |last7=Hartmann |first7=Peter E. |year=2008 |title=Importance of Vacuum for Breastmilk Expression |journal=Breastfeeding Medicine |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert Inc |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=11–19 |doi=10.1089/bfm.2007.0028 |issn=1556-8253 |pmid=18333764}}</ref> sun nuna cewa mafi girman injin tsotsar nono yana ƙara yawan kwararar madara da yawan madara. == Tsarin tattarawa a buɗe idan aka kwatanta da tsarin tattarawa a rufe == Ana kiran ƙirar famfo a matsayin ko dai a buɗe ko a rufe bisa ga ko akwai shinge tsakanin inda bututun ke haɗuwa da famfon da kuma inda madara ke shiga cikin famfon. Ana kiran bututun filastik da ƙaho na famfon nono na lantarki a matsayin tsarin tattarawa kuma yawanci suna samar da tsotsar famfon. Tsarin tattarawa a rufe yana da shinge ko diaphragm wanda ke raba bututun famfo daga ƙaho. A cikin wannan ƙira, tsotsar injin famfo yana ɗaga diaphragm don ƙirƙirar injin tsotsa a cikin tsarin tattarawa don fitar da madara. Sabanin haka, tsarin buɗewa ba shi da shinge tsakanin bututun da ƙaho. Matatun ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya kasancewa don hana gurɓatawa ko kwarara cikin motar famfo. Tsotsar motar famfo ana wucewa kai tsaye zuwa nono idan aka kwatanta da tsarin rufewa. <ref name="Opensys">{{Cite web |last=Shu. |first=Dr. Jennifer |date=2011-06-13 |title=Is a used breast pump safe? |url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/13/is-a-used-breast-pump-safe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614131812/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/06/13/is-a-used-breast-pump-safe/ |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |access-date=21 September 2015 |website=CNN}}</ref> Tsarin tattarawa a buɗe na iya sa madara ta cika bututun tsarin tattarawa, kuma ana iya jawo ƙwayoyin madara cikin injin famfo. Idan madara ta zube a cikin bututun famfo, ya kamata a wanke bututun, a tsaftace su, sannan a busar da su da iska kafin a sake amfani da famfon. Rashin tsaftace bututun tattarawa sosai na iya haifar da haɓakar mold a cikin bututun. Wasu samfuran famfo suna da ƙwayoyin cuta da matatun ruwa da ke hana madara shiga bututun. <ref name="Opensys"/> Wani nau'in tsarin tattarawa na buɗewa shine tushen tsotsar nonon mai amfani ɗaya. Waɗannan famfunan sun ƙara fa'ida mai kyau ta yadda duk sassan da ke haifar da tsotsar nonon da kuma taɓa nonon uwa suna tare da uwa. Sassan da ke haifar da tsotsar nonon suna waje ne da famfon kuma ana iya cire su, suna hana gurɓatar juna. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan famfunan a matsayin "matakin asibiti" kuma kusan suna kawar da damar gurɓatar famfon daga mai amfani zuwa mai amfani. <ref name="Opensys"/> Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tsaftace diaphragm domin danshi ko madarar da ta isa wannan ɓangaren na iya haifar da gurɓatar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wani rashin amfani da diaphragm shine yana iya iyakance yawan iska/tsotsar madara da ake samu don cire madara daga nono. Hakanan yana iya kasa iya biyan girman garkuwar da ta fi girma. Babu wani bincike da aka yi kan tsarin da aka tsara a bude ko rufe. Yawancin bayanai a cikin kayan tallan da masana'antun famfon nono ke bayarwa ana bayar da su ne ba tare da wani bincike da zai tabbatar da hakan ba. == Tattara da adana madara da kuma adana ta == Yawancin famfunan nono suna tura madarar da aka yi amfani da ita zuwa cikin akwati wanda za a iya amfani da shi don ajiya da ciyarwa. Wasu masana'antun suna ba da adaftar da za su dace da nau'ikan kwalabe iri-iri da girma dabam-dabam, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin sassauci don haɗa da daidaita samfuran samfuran daban-daban. Ana iya adana madarar nono da aka tace (EBM) sannan a ciyar da jariri ta kwalba. Ko dai a daskare ta kai tsaye a cikin kwalba, ko kuma a adana ta a cikin jakunkunan madarar nono da za a iya zubarwa, waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta idan aka daskare, don haka suna adana sarari a cikin injin daskarewa. Ana iya ajiye madarar da aka tace a zafin ɗaki har zuwa awanni shida (a digiri 66-72 na Fahrenheit, kusan digiri 20 na Celsius), a cikin injin sanyaya mai rufi tare da fakitin kankara har zuwa kwana ɗaya, a sanya a cikin firiji a bayan firiji har zuwa kwanaki 5 (mafi kyau: yi amfani ko daskare madarar cikin kwanaki 3), ko kuma a daskare ta tsawon watanni 12 a cikin daskare mai zurfi daban da firiji da aka ajiye a zafin digiri 0 na Fahrenheit ko digiri −18 na Celsius (mafi kyau: yi amfani da wannan madarar cikin watanni 6). <ref name="The Mayo Clinic">{{Cite web |last=Mayo Clinic Staff |date=2020-04-01 |title=Breast milk storage: Do's and don'ts |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/breast-milk-storage/art-20046350 |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=mayoclinic.org |publisher=[[The Mayo Clinic]]}}</ref> Idan ana amfani da madarar da aka daskarewa, ya kamata a narke madarar da ta fi tsufa a fara amfani da ita. Ana iya narke ta hanyar sanya madarar da aka daskarewa a cikin firiji daren da aka yi niyya, ko kuma ta hanyar sanya madarar a cikin kwano na ruwan dumi. Bai kamata a taɓa sanya madarar nono a cikin microwave ba domin wannan zai iya haifar da wurare masu zafi masu haɗari kuma yana iya lalata ƙwayoyin cuta na madarar. Masana da yawa sun ba da shawarar a zubar da madarar da aka narke wadda ba a yi amfani da ita cikin awanni 24 ba. <ref name="The Mayo Clinic" /> Nonon uwa yana canzawa don biyan buƙatun jariri, ta yadda nonon uwa da aka sha lokacin da jariri ya zama jariri ba zai cika buƙatun jariri ɗaya ba idan ya girma 'yan watanni. Haka kuma, jagororin ajiya na iya bambanta ga jarirai da ba su cika haihuwa ba, marasa lafiya ko waɗanda aka kwantar da su a asibiti. Ana iya bayar da madarar da aka tace ga wuraren adana madara, waɗanda ke ba da madarar nono ga jarirai da ba su cika haihuwa ba da sauran yaran da uwayensu ba za su iya kula da su ba. == Duba kuma == * Ajiye da sarrafa madarar mama * Danganta nono * Yin tausa * Mai shayarwa, mace mai shayar da jariri wanda ba nata ba == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Breast pumps}} * [http://www.wicworks.ca.gov/breastfeeding/EmployeeResources/CollectStoreMilk.html Tattara da adana nonon uwa] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta California * [http://www.toronto.ca/health/breastfeeding/storing.htm Ajiyar Madarar Nono/Narke Madarar Nono Mai Daskarewa] – Sashen Lafiya na Birnin Toronto * [http://www.lalecheleague.org Ƙungiyar La Leche League ta Duniya] {{Infants and their care}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] idauljd5jkjbrgvwbiebk8ku27xqvnv 0 158868 965844 862019 2026-10-10T15:15:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ectodini''' wata kabila ce ta cichlids da ke cikin [[Tafkin Tanganyika]] a [[Gabashin Afirka]]. Suna zaune a cikin Yankin benthic. Yawancin jinsuna a cikin wannan kabilar suna da nau'i ɗaya. Wadannan kifaye suna nuna nau'o'i daban-daban da halayyar kuma kabilar ta haɗa da taxa waɗanda ke zaune a cikin yashi, laka da wuraren dutse.<ref name="Andersen">{{Cite web |last=Thomas Andersen |year=2007 |title=Tribe Ectodini |url=https://www.cichlidae.com/section.php?id=6 |access-date=24 November 2018 |publisher=The Cichlid Room Companion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125030709/https://www.cichlidae.com/section.php?id=6 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yanayi == Wadannan jinsuna an rarraba su a cikin kabilar Ectodini: <ref name="Andersen"/> * ''Asprotilapia'' <small>Boulenger, 1901</small> * ''Aulonocranus'' <small>Regan, 1920</small> * ''Callochromis'' <small>Regan, 1920</small> * Zaben zuciya, 1942<small>Zaben shekara ta 1942</small> * ''Cunningtonia'' <small>Boulenger, 1906</small> * ''Cyathopharynx'' <small>Regan, 1920</small> * ''Ectodus'' Boulenger, 1898<small>Boulenger, shekara ta 1898</small> * Harshen magana na <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> * Zaben ''Lestradea'', 1943<small>Zaben shekara ta 1943</small> * Zaben ''Microdontochromis'', 1986<small>Zaben shekara ta 1986</small> * ''Ophthalmotilapia'' Pellegrin, 1904<small>Rashin jin daɗi, 1904</small> * ''Xenochromis'' <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> * ''Xenotilapia'' <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> == Manazarta == cb1m2d0u7kzvub86c9zltqmr7mgei5t 0 160664 966096 891853 2026-10-11T08:11:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidauniyar Sanctuary Nature Foundation''' wata gidauniya ce mai zaman kanta ta Indiya wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2015, wadda ta gina a kan aikin mujallar namun daji ta ''Sanctuary Asia'', wacce Bittu Sahgal ta ƙaddamar a shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUST SEE: Amazing award-winning wildlife photos |url=https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-specials-must-see-amazing-award-winning-wildlife-photos/20111205.htm |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Rediff}}</ref> Cibiyarta ta masu kare muhalli, masu nazarin halittu, masana kimiyya, marubuta da masu ɗaukar hoto tana gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a fannin [[manufofin muhalli]], fafutuka, kimiyya, tallafin ƙasa, kula da muhallin namun daji da sauransu. Gidauniyar kuma tana gudanar da kyaututtuka na shekara-shekara don girmama masu kare muhalli da masu ɗaukar hoto na namun daji. == Tarihi == === shekarun 1980 === Bisa wahayi daga Fateh Singh Rathore, wanda ya roƙe shi da ya wayar da kan ɗan ƙasar Indiya kan mahimmancin kiyaye namun daji, Bittu Sahgal ta kafa mujallar Sanctuary Asia a watan Oktoban 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunderbans is a sinking ship: Bittu Sahgal - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Sunderbans-is-a-sinking-ship-Bittu-Sahgal/articleshow/49701527.cms |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> An buga bugu na farko a wannan watan. A shekarar 1984, an ƙaddamar da mujalla ta biyu don isa ga matasa masu sauraro, <nowiki><i id="mwFw">Sanctuary Cub</i></nowiki> . A lokaci guda, an kafa Sanctuary Films, kuma an watsa shirye-shiryen kiyaye namun daji guda biyu a cikin harshen [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]], masu suna ' Project Tiger ' da 'Rakshak', a Doordarshan, cibiyar talabijin ta ƙasa ta Indiya. === shekarun 1990 === A farkon shekarun 1990, ƙungiyar Sanctuary ta fara faɗaɗa aikinsu fiye da wallafawa zuwa ayyukan kiyayewa, bayar da shawarwari, bincike, kula da muhalli da sauransu. Ƙungiyar ta fara isa ga mutane da yawa ta hanyar haɗa labaran da marubuta daban-daban suka wallafa kamar Ruskin Bond, Vijaya Venkat, Dilip D'Souza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT Travel: A travel feature on Madagascar, Africa. |url=http://m.rediff.com/travel/dec/16mad1.htm |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> da sauransu a cikin manyan jaridu. A ƙarƙashin tutar Sanctuary Features, ƙungiyar ta gabatar da wasu ra'ayoyi kan batutuwan yanayi, namun daji, kiyayewa da ci gaba yayin da take kuma tattauna batutuwa masu alaƙa kamar tafiye-tafiye, kimiyya da lafiya. An ƙirƙiri ɗakin karatu na Hoto na Sanctuary, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-28 |title=Salim points the way |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/salim-points-the-way/story-4VaE7Yb2ZAswBwF0XXj2wL.html |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> kamfanin ɗaukar hotunan hannun jari, a shekarar 1990 a matsayin wurin adana hotunan tarihin halitta. Yana da cikakken rumbun adana bayanai na namun daji da hotunan shimfidar wuri. === Shekarun 2000 === A shekarar 1999, Sanctuary ta ƙaddamar da shirin Kids for Tigers, wani shiri na ilimin muhalli wanda aka gabatar a makarantu a faɗin Indiya. An haɓaka shirin Kids for Tigers don ƙara wayar da kan yara game da bambancin halittu da kuma buƙatar gaggawa ta ceton damisa da dazuzzuka domin tabbatar da makomarmu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sanjukta |date=2007-08-11 |title=Bittu Sahgal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/YH3C64E6E63DtCQG3ipxPN/Bittu-Sahgal.html |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Mint |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2000, an kafa kyaututtukan namun daji na Sanctuary Wildlife Awards don girmama maza da mata da ke aiki don kare yankunan daji da kuma masu daukar hoto waɗanda suka yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu a matsayin kayan aikin kiyayewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scroll Staff |title=Swooping eagles, duelling cobras and other winners at the Sanctuary Wildlife Photography awards |url=https://scroll.in/article/903231/yawning-leopards-duelling-cobras-and-other-winners-at-the-sanctuary-wildlife-photography-awards |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2015 ne Sanctuary Asia ta kafa Sanctuary Nature Foundation, gidauniyar agaji wadda yanzu ke buga mujallu da wasu wallafe-wallafe da dama, sannan kuma ke kula da ayyukan kiyaye muhalli daban-daban. == Littattafai == === Mujallu === ''Sanctuary Asia'', wanda Bittu Sahgal ta shirya, yana da nufin wayar da kan manya game da mahimmancin kare muhalli, yana kuma ba da labarai masu dacewa game da namun daji da kiyayewa. An buga bugu na farko a watan Oktoba na 1981. A shekarar 1984, gidauniyar ta fara buga mujalla ta biyu, <nowiki><i id="mwSg">Sanctuary Cub</i></nowiki> . A halin yanzu Tara Sahgal ce ke gyara ta. A shekarar 2017, mujallar Cub ta sami matsayi na Runner Up a cikin kyautar Kids Stop Press Award don mafi kyawun jarida/mujalla ga yara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Parenting website, Kids website in India, Activities & Events for children in India |url=https://www.kidsstoppress.com/Awards2017-Result |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Kidsstoppress |language=en |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115105/https://www.kidsstoppress.com/Awards2017-Result |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga mujallu, Gidauniyar Sanctuary Nature Foundation tana buga nau'ikan kayan karatu a yau, ciki har da littattafan teburin kofi, jagororin namun daji da jagororin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa . === Littattafan teburin kofi === An buga littattafan teburin kofi na Sanctuary a cikin jeri biyu da uku daban-daban: * Jerin Gado girmamawa ce ga wasu wurare masu tsarki a Indiya, inda ake nuna hotuna da labarai daga masu kare muhalli, masu daukar hoto da marubuta. Jerin ya ƙunshi littattafai bisa ga waɗannan wurare masu tsarki: Kaziranga, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kaziranga Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-kaziranga-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115121/https://www.nhbs.com/the-kaziranga-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> Periyar, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Periyar Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-periyar-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Corbett, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Corbett Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-corbett-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115122/https://www.nhbs.com/the-corbett-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tadoba, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tadoba Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-tadoba-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115056/https://www.nhbs.com/the-tadoba-inheritance-book |archive-date=2019-03-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bandhavgarh <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bandhavgarh Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-bandhavgarh-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> da Bharatpur. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatpur Inheritance |url=https://www.nhbs.com/the-bharatpur-inheritance-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115056/https://www.nhbs.com/the-bharatpur-inheritance-book |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An haifi shirin Wild ne daga imani da muhimmancin tattara bayanai kan yanayin muhalli na kowace jiha ta Indiya. Akwai littattafai uku a cikin wannan jerin, waɗanda suka dogara da jihohin [[Maharashtra]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanctuary Asia's Wild Maharashtra |url=https://www.nhbs.com/sanctuary-asias-wild-maharashtra-book |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=www.nhbs.com |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328115058/https://www.nhbs.com/sanctuary-asias-wild-maharashtra-book |archive-date=2019-03-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Chhattisgarh da [[Madhya Pradesh]]. * Littattafan teburin kofi da gidauniyar ta buga su ne ''India Naturally, Forever Stripes'' da ''Bor Tiger Reserve.'' === Littattafan jagora na wurin shakatawa === A halin yanzu, Sanctuary ta buga jagorori zuwa wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ibada guda 9 na Indiya. === ''Masanin Ilimin Halittu na Asiya'' === Sanctuary ta kuma buga mujallar The Ecologist Asia, bugu na Indiya na mujallar The Ecologist ta Burtaniya, wanda Edward Goldsmith ya kafa. Masanin Ecologist Asia, wanda abokan aikinsa su ne Bittu Sahgal, [[Vandana Shiva]], Claude Alvares da Smitu Kothari, sun sadaukar da kansu wajen yada labaran muhalli da ci gaban da suka shafi yankin. == Ayyuka == A halin yanzu ƙungiyar Sanctuary tana aiki akan waɗannan ayyukan. === Yara ga Tigers === An kafa shirin Kids for Tigers a shekarar 2000, shirin wayar da kan jama'a ne na ilimi wanda ke neman a cusa wa yara soyayya da girmamawa ga yanayi ta hanyar hanyoyi, bita, bukukuwa da sansani. Shirin ya wuce ilimin kiyayewa, an sadaukar da shi ne don 'bar yara da duniya mafi kyau da kuma barin duniya da yara mafi kyau'. An kafa shirin Kids for Tigers a shekarar 2000, ya kai yara sama da miliyan kuma an ba shi takardar shaidar Limca Book of Records saboda ƙirƙirar littafin 'Save The Tiger' mafi girma a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-21 |title=Kids in India Come Together to Save Tigers |url=https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/02/21/kids-in-india-come-together-to-save-tigers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925154341/https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/02/21/kids-in-india-come-together-to-save-tigers/ |archive-date=2020-09-25 |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=National Geographic Society Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Laka a kan Takalma === An ƙaddamar da Mud on Boots a shekarar 2017, kuma yana neman ƙarfafa masu kare muhalli a Indiya. Waɗannan masu kare muhalli galibi sun fito ne daga ƙasƙantattun wurare, kuma suna ganin kansu a matsayin waɗanda ba su da ikon faɗaɗa da kuma ba da kuɗaɗen aikinsu saboda ƙalubalen da ke tattare da shingayen harshe, nesa da kuma ƙarancin damar shiga fasaha da ilimi. Shugabannin kiyaye muhalli masu aminci ne suka gano waɗannan mutane a matsayin Sanctuary. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Homegrown |title=Mud On Boots — An Initiative Empowering Grassroots Conservationists Of India |url=https://homegrown.co.in/article/803329/mud-on-boots-an-initiative-empowering-grassroots-conservationists-of-india |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=homegrown.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Tsawon shekaru biyu, zaɓaɓɓun Shugabannin Ayyuka suna samun tallafin kuɗi da sauran tallafi na dabaru daga Sanctuary. === Gidajen adana kayan COCOON === An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2017, ƙungiyar kiyaye muhalli ta al'umma (COCOON) ta sake tayar da hankali a wajen Cibiyar Kare Muhalli ta Indiya. COCOON tana neman inganta rayuwar manoman Indiya waɗanda ke zaune kusa da filayen daji ta hanyar mayar da gonakinsu da suka gaza zuwa matsayin dazuzzukan halittu daban-daban, da kuma taimaka musu su sami sabbin hanyoyin samun kuɗi, kamar yawon buɗe ido na muhalli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-08 |title=A community-led vision for India's rural future |url=https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/a-community-led-vision-for-india-s-rural-future-93796 |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Devex}}</ref> Tsarin COCOON ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa al'ummomin gida dole ne su zama manyan masu cin gajiyar sabunta bambancin halittu, maimakon a kore su daga muhallinsu, don haka dangantaka tsakanin mutane da wuraren shakatawa za ta iya inganta. COCOON ta mayar da filayen da waɗannan al'ummomi suka mallaka zuwa wuraren shakatawa na muhalli da wuraren kallon namun daji. Kuɗin da yawon buɗe ido ke samu yana zuwa ga manoman da har yanzu ke da ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, ana ba wa iyalansu ilimi da kula da lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Here are 20 reasons to feel better about the planet |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/20-reasons-feel-better-planet/ |access-date=2019-03-28 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f82dxnm0cydtw6jfss9di4526otzrlm 0 162071 965813 885893 2026-10-10T14:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dávid Bukovský''' (an haife shi 27 ga Agusta 2007) [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ɗan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na [[Slofakiya|Slovak]] wanda ke taka leda a Spartak Trnava . == Aikin kulob == [[Fayil:Dávid_Bukovský_Debut_in_2024.jpg|thumb|259x259px|Bukovský a wasan sa na farko da [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] .]] === Spartak Trnava === Bukovský ya fito ne daga makarantar Spartak Trnava, <ref>{{Cite web |last=spartak |date=2023-01-26 |title=David Bukovský najlepším mládežníkom |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/david-bukovsky-najlepsim-mladeznikom/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=sk}}</ref> ya sanya hannu a makarantar yana da shekaru 15. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Král |first=Ján |date=2022-07-01 |title=Spartak získal na prestup Paura, zazmluvnil si aj talentovaného Bukovského |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/33218-spartak-ziskal-na-prestup-paura,-zazmluvnil-si-aj-talentovaneho-bukovskeho/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> An dauke shi a matsayin dan wasan gaba mai hazaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Čief |first=Miroslav |date=2025-02-22 |title=Predstavujeme talent - Dávid Bukovský |url=https://www.futbalportal.net/?q=clanok/predstavujeme-talent-david-bukovsky/74311 |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=www.futbalportal.net}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Yuli 2024, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na kwararru da kungiyar, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru 3 tare da abokin wasansa Martin Turanský. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Král |first=Ján |date=2024-07-15 |title=Spartak investuje do budúcnosti, zazmluvnil si dva mladé talenty |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/37752-spartak-investuje-do-buducnosti,-zazmluvnil-si-dva-mlade-talenty/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> Bukovský ya buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar Spartak a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-0 a hannun kungiyar [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] ta Ingila a wasan sada zumunta na bazara, inda ya fito daga benci a minti na 80. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ďurinský |first=Samuel |date=2024-07-20 |title=ZÁPAS LETA: SPARTAK vs ASTON VILLA |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/en/zapas-leta-spartak-vs-aston-villa/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721082600/https://fcspartaktrnava.com/en/zapas-leta-spartak-vs-aston-villa/ |archive-date=2024-07-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya samu damar zura kwallo a minti na 90 amma kwallon da ya jefa ta wuce kwallon. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-20 |title=Zázrak sa neudial: Trnava prehrala s Aston Villou 3:0 |url=https://sport24.pluska.sk/futbal/online-pripravneho-zapasu-fc-spartak-trnava-aston-villa-fc |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Šport24.sk |language=sk}}</ref> Bukovský ya fara taka leda a Spartak Trnava a cikin nasara da ci 2-1 a kan FK Železiarne Podbrezová, ya fito daga benci a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin a minti na 90 ga [[Cedric Badolo]] tare da wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu Filip Trello . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=FC Spartak Trnava - FK Železiarne Podbrezová {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/2578-spa-pod |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> ==== Dynamo Malzenice (aron) ==== A cikin lokacin canja wuri na bazara na 2025, Bukovský ya shiga ƙungiyar ciyarwar Spartak Dynamo Malženice akan aro na shekara 1 tare da wasu 'yan wasa shida daga Spartak Trnava. <ref>{{Cite web |last=redakcia@trnavskyhlas.sk |title=Malženice vymenili trávnik, v druhej lige stavia na mladíkov Spartaka |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/40058-malzenice-vymenili-travnik,-v-druhej-lige-stavia-na-mladikov-spartaka/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> A kan 19 Satumba 2025, Bukovský ya zira kwallaye biyu a ragar 3-1 akan MŠK Považská Bystrica, ya rufe maki 3 ga tawagarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=redakcia@trnavskyhlas.sk |title=Futbal, 2. liga: Malženice získali skalp Považskej Bystrice |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/40429-futbal,-2.-liga-malzenice-ziskali-skalp-povazskej-bystrice/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Teraz.sk |date=2025-09-19 |title=Futbalisti OFK Dynamo Malženice zvíťazili and Považskou Bystricou 3:1 |url=https://www.teraz.sk/sport/futbal-ml-msk-povazska-bystrica-of/907455-clanok.html |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=TERAZ.sk |language=sk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cítil som sa byť nezastaviteľný, vravel dvojgólový strelec Malženíc - Denník Šport |url=https://www.denniksport.sk/futbal/c/povazska-bystrica-malzenice-sumar-reakcie-druha-liga-2025-2026 |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=denniksport.sk |language=sk}}</ref> Ya zira kwallo a ragar MŠK Žilina B da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=redakcia@trnavskyhlas.sk |title=Futbal, 2. liga: Malženice zdolali béčko Žiliny, čaká ich pohár s Trenčínom |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/40611-futbal,-2.-liga-malzenice-zdolali-becko-ziliny,-caka-ich-pohar-s-trencinom/ |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> Bukovský ya zaɓi sabon kocin Spartak Trnava, Antonio Muñoz don zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar Spartak kafin shirye-shiryen hunturu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=spartak |date=2026-01-11 |title=Hráči Spartaka odleteli na sústredenie, v Turecku budú pilovať nové herné prvky |url=https://fcspartaktrnava.com/hraci-spartaka-odleteli-na-sustredenie-v-turecku-budu-pilovat-nove-herne-prvky/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=FC Spartak Trnava |language=sk-SK}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A halin yanzu Bukovský yana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Slovak 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18. Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Switzerland 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Homoľa |first=Jakub |date=2025-05-20 |title=U18 – Slovensko – Švajčiarsko 1:2 |url=https://futbalsfz.sk/u18-slovensko-svajciarsko-12/ |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=futbalsfz.sk |language=sk}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|27 May 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Kofin League ! colspan="2" | Turai ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | Spartak Trnava | 2024–25 | Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Farko ta Slovakia | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 |- | Dynamo Malženice (rance) | 2025–26 | Slovakia 2. Liga | 28 | 7 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | | 0 | 28 | 7 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 29 ! 7 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 29 ! 7 |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Dávid Bukovský at the Slovak First Football League (in Slovak) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Manazarta == <references /> mbdps4ucwj4hi9aa6nt5t0mh2ae9f2k 0 165836 966104 933187 2026-10-11T09:03:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Giselle "G" Lizette Juarez-Presley''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 1998) 'Yar wasan ƙwallon ƙwallo ce ta Amurka, tsohuwar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙwallo ta Amurka. Ta buga ƙwallon softball ta kwaleji a Oklahoma da Arizona State . A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar koci a UConn . == Rayuwa ta farko == Juarez ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mountain Ridge da ke Glendale, Arizona, inda ta kammala aikinta da matsakaicin gudu na 1.78 (ERA), bugun 371 da kuma matsakaicin bugun abokan hamayya na .168. Ta jagoranci ƙungiyarta zuwa ga wasannin share fagen shiga gasar jiha a jere a shekarun 2014 da 2015, ciki har da wasan farko na Mountain Ridge a gasar jiha a 2014. FloSoftball ta sanya ta a matsayi na 45 a cikin ajin 2016. == Aikin kwaleji == === Shekarar farko ta jami'a === Juarez ta fara aikinta na kwaleji a Jihar Arizona . A matsayinta na ɗalibi ta farko, ta yi nasarar samun maki 2.79 a shekarar karatu ta farko , tare da bugun ƙwallo 81, da kuma tafiya 30. <ref name="ASU Bio">{{Cite web |title=Giselle "G" Juarez Biography |url=https://thesundevils.com/sports/softball/roster/giselle--g--juarez/6568 |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=thesundevils.com |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605190749/https://thesundevils.com/sports/softball/roster/giselle--g--juarez/6568 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta samu nasarar jefa ƙwallo a raga sau 11 mafi kyau a kakar wasa da Illinois State a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2017. Bayan kakar wasa, an sanya mata suna All-Pac 12 a matsayin wacce aka fi girmamawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Pac-12 announces 2017 Softball All-Conference honors |url=https://pac-12.com/news/2017/5/15/pac-12-announces-2017-softball-all-conference-honors.aspx |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=pac-12.com}}</ref> === Shekara ta biyu === A shekararta ta biyu, Juarez ta buga rikodin 26–6, tare da 1.21 ERA, da kuma 305 strikeouts a cikin  . Ta yi nasarar yin gudu sau 39 kacal a bugun 91, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka kai matakin 300 na bugun ƙwallo a gasar NCAA Division I. Ta zo ta uku a gasar a duk faɗin ƙasar, inda ta buga wasanni 13 ba tare da an doke ta ba. ERA ɗinta ta 1.21 ta zo ta 13 a ƙasa baki ɗaya, kuma ita ce ta huɗu mafi ƙarancin ERA a tsakanin 'yan wasan da suka jefa innings 200 ko fiye a kakar wasa. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Pac-12 Pitcher of the Week tsawon makonni huɗu a jere, inda ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu a tarihin shirin da ta cimma wannan nasara. <ref name="ASU Bio" /> Ta jefa wa BYU a karon farko a tarihinta wanda ba ya buga kwallo a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaklis |first=Josh |date=March 31, 2018 |title=ASU softball's two wins highlighted by no-hitter in night cap |url=https://www.statepress.com/article/2018/03/spsports-asu-softball |access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref> Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau, an nada ta a cikin jerin 'yan wasa goma da suka kai zagayen ƙarshe a gasar USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year, All-Pac 12 a ƙungiyar farko da kuma NFCA All-American a ƙungiyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Top 10 finalists announced for 2018 USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year |url=https://nfca.org/divnews/general/top-10-finalists-announced-for-2018-usa-softball-collegiate-player-of-the-year |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=NFCA.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2018 |title=Pac-12 announces 2018 softball All-Conference honors |url=https://pac-12.com/article/2018/05/11/pac-12-announces-2018-softball-all-conference-honors |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514100543/http://pac-12.com/article/2018/05/11/pac-12-announces-2018-softball-all-conference-honors |archive-date=May 14, 2018 |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=pac-12.com}}</ref> === Shekarar ƙarami === A lokacin shekararta ta farko, Juarez ta koma Oklahoma . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hays |first=Graham |date=November 12, 2018 |title=All-American pitcher Giselle Juarez transfers to Oklahoma |url=https://www.espn.com/espnw/sports/story/_/id/25258637/all-american-softball-pitcher-giselle-juarez-transfers-arizona-state-sun-devils-oklahoma-sooners |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni 39, ciki har da wasanni 32 da ta fara, kuma ta kammala kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ba tare da an doke ta ba da tarihin da ya ba ta nasara a kan 21-0. Ta jefa wasanta na farko da ya dace a tarihin rayuwata a ranar 14 ga Maris, 2019, a wasan da ta yi da Loyola Marymount da ci 14-0. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Vic |date=March 14, 2019 |title=OU Softball: Giselle Juarez pitches perfect game, offense explodes in 14-0 win over Loyola Marymount |url=https://www.oudaily.com/sports/ou-softball-giselle-juarez-pitches-perfect-game-offense-explodes-in-14-0-win-over-loyola/article_46767d44-46af-11e9-9079-8b901fb88b09.html |access-date=June 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605190750/https://www.oudaily.com/sports/ou-softball-giselle-juarez-pitches-perfect-game-offense-explodes-in-14-0-win-over-loyola/article_46767d44-46af-11e9-9079-8b901fb88b09.html |archive-date=June 5, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta jefa wasanta na biyu mai kyau a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2019, a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 14-0 a kan Iowa State, inda ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu a tarihin shirin da ta jefa wasanni masu kyau da yawa a kakar wasa guda, bayan [[Paige Parker]] a 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mussatto |first=Joe |date=April 28, 2019 |title=OU softball: Giselle Juarez pitches second perfect game |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/article/5629989/ou-softball-giselle-juarez-pitches-second-perfect-game |access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref> Ta kammala kakar wasa da wasanni 15 kacal, ciki har da wasannin da aka dakatar da su bakwai, yayin da ta haɗa da wasanni bakwai kacal. Ta zo ta uku a ƙasa a cikin bugun da aka yarda da shi a kowane innings bakwai da aka jefa (3.64), ta huɗu a cikin rabon strikeout-to-tafiya (7.08), ta shida a cikin strikeouts a kowane innings bakwai (10.1), ta goma a strikeouts (269) da kuma ta goma a ERA (1.39). Matsakaicin bugun da abokin hamayyarta ya yi (.151) ya zo na biyu a tarihin kakar wasa ɗaya ta Oklahoma yayin da 0.72 WHIP ɗinta ya zo na uku, 10.11 bugun da aka yi a kowane innings bakwai ya zo na biyar. <ref name="OU Bio">{{Cite web |title=Giselle Juarez Biography |url=https://soonersports.com/sports/softball/roster/giselle-juarez/14321 |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> A lokacin gasar softball ta NCAA Division I ta 2019, ta jefa wasanni shida cike da cikakku, ciki har da rufewa uku, don taimakawa ƙungiyarta ta kai ga wasan zakarun, inda suka sha kashi a hannun UCLA . Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau, an nada ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa goma da suka yi nasara a gasar USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year, Big 12 Pitcher of the Year, Softball America Pitcher of the Year, All-Big 12 na ƙungiyar farko da kuma NFCA All-American na ƙungiyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2019 |title=Top 10 USA Softball Collegiate Player of Year announced |url=https://nfca.org/divnews/ncaa1/top-10-usa-softball-collegiate-player-of-year-announced |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=NFCA.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2019 |title=2019 Pitcher of the Year: Giselle Juarez |url=https://www.softballamerica.com/stories/2019-pitcher-of-the-year/ |access-date=June 21, 2021 |website=softballamerica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2019 |title=2019 Softball All-Big 12 Awards Unveiled |url=https://big12sports.com/news/2019/5/8/211802909.aspx |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=big12sports.com}}</ref> === Shekarar sakandare === A lokacin da take ƙaramar shekara, ta yi fama da rauni a duk lokacin kakar wasa ta 2020, inda ta buga wasanni biyar, ciki har da wasanni biyu da ta buga, sannan ta buga wasanni biyu a jere. Innings Ta kammala kakar wasa da rikodin 2-1, tare da yajin aiki tara da kuma tafiya sau huɗu a kakar wasa da aka soke saboda annobar COVID-19 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vernon |first=Brady |date=August 11, 2020 |title=Oklahoma's Giselle Juarez Learning About Herself Through Injury |url=https://www.softballamerica.com/stories/oklahomas-giselle-juarez-learning-about-herself-through-injury/ |access-date=June 5, 2021 |website=softballamerica.com}}</ref> An yi mata tiyatar biceps a ranar 6 ga Maris, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buettner |first=Joe |date=May 24, 2020 |title=OU softball: Giselle Juarez eyes 2021 for proper end to Oklahoma career following surgery |url=https://www.normantranscript.com/sports/all_ou_sports/ou-softball-giselle-juarez-eyes-2021-for-proper-end-to-oklahoma-career-following-surgery/article_cb0ce244-ec69-57e6-b14d-4a0aa332d84b.html |access-date=June 5, 2021}}</ref> === Shekarar sakandare ta Redshirt === A lokacin shekararta ta ƙarshe ta shiga gasar redshirt, Juarez ta yi rikodin 23–1, tare da 2.81, ERA da 159 strikeouts a cikin innings 128. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoover |first=John E. |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Giselle Juarez, Jocelyn Alo Were 'Just Different' as Oklahoma Won the National Championship |url=https://www.si.com/college/oklahoma/softball/giselle-juarez-jocelyn-alo-were-just-different-as-oklahoma-won-the-national-championship |access-date=June 10, 2021 |website=si.com}}</ref> Juarez ta taimaka wa Oklahoma wajen shiga gasar softball ta NCAA Division I ta 2021, inda ta yi nasara da ci 5-0, kuma ta samu maki 0.90 ERA, tare da bugun ƙwallo 38 a lokacin gasar. A lokacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Kwalejin Mata ta 2021, ta buga wasanni biyu a jere a karon farko a tarihin rayuwarta. A lokacin wasan uku na jerin, ta yi nasarar buga bugun biyu kacal sannan ta buga bugun bakwai a wasan da suka doke Florida State da ci 5-1, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar lashe gasar cin kofin kasa, daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin 'Dan wasa Mafi Kyau . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2021 |title=The WCWS most outstanding players, since 1982 |url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/softball/article/2021-06-10/wcws-most-outstanding-players-1982 |access-date=June 10, 2021 |website=NCAA.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCourry |first=Caleb |date=June 10, 2021 |title='I'm about to do a G-Juarez thing': How Giselle Juarez closed out her OU career in epic fashion |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/2021/06/10/giselle-juarez-finishes-ou-softball-career-with-fifth-wcws-national-title/7632421002/ |access-date=June 10, 2021}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == A ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 2024, an naɗa ta mataimakiyar koci ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta UConn Huskies . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2024 |title=UConn Hires Giselle Juarez as Assistant Coach |url=https://d1softball.com/uconn-hires-giselle-juarez-as-assistant-coach/ |access-date=June 20, 2024 |website=d1softball.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Juarez ta wakilci Amurka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta matasa ta mata ta Softball ta 2017 inda ta buga rikodin 5-0, tare da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida 28 a gasar. , yayin da aka ba da damar yin gudu 10 kacal a kan bugun 17, wanda ya taimaka wajen jagorantar Amurka zuwa lambar zinare. <ref name="ASU Bio" /> Ta wakilci Puerto Rico a Gasar Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2026 |title=Softball Assistant Coach Giselle Juarez-Presley Set Represent Puerto Rico |url=https://uconnhuskies.com/news/2026/7/15/softball-assistant-coach-giselle-juarez-presly-set-represent-puerto-rico |access-date=July 15, 2026 |website=uconnhuskies.com}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 7o3bndqtvkwgr2fxlbvwz3vhfcgmw1i 0 166434 965782 951751 2026-10-10T13:43:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dumbulun''' Dumbulun, gari ne kuma mazaɓa a ƙaramar hukumar Tsanyawa ta jihar Kano Najeriya. Dumbulun gari ne da ke da babbar kasuwa da ke ci mako-mako duk ranar talata. Kasuwar ita ce mafi girma a ƙaramar hukumar Tsanyawa.<ref>https://places-in-the-world.com/nigeria/dumbulum/2344371 {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Garin Dumbulun da kewaye yana da Sarautar gargajiya, ina yake a matsayin Dagaci, wanda ya haɗa da cikin garin Dumbulun ɗin da kuma sauran ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da ita. A inda garin ke da unguwanni tare da masu riƙe sarautar masu ungawa da dama. Daga gabas, Dumbulun ta yi iyaka da [[Gwanki]] a mazaɓar [[Gogori]] ƙaramar hukumar [[Bagwai]]. Haƙa kuma, ta yi iyaka da mazaɓar [[Sare-sare]] daga kudu nan ma ƙaramar hukumar Ɓagwai. Haka kuma ta yi iyaka da ƙaramar hukumar Shanono ɓangaren mazaɓar [[Kadamu]] daga ɓangaren yamma. Har ila yau, ta yi iyaka da wasu mazaɓu da suka fito ƙaramar hukuma ɗaya ta Tsanyawa, wato, akwai akwai mazaɓar Gozarki daga ɓangaren Rafin-tamiya a gabas maso arewa. Daga ƙarshe kuma akwai mazaɓar [[Zarogi]] daga ɓangaren arewa. ==Yankunan Unguwanni== Yankunan Unguwanni da ke a kasar Dumbulun kuma masu muƙamin Mai Unguwa, sun haɗa da: * Rinji, * Walawa, * Unguwar Barde, * Umbawa, * Manawa, da sauransu. ==Manazart== 4fgugjum2ij0nmv1gyt64opyanrzxzf 0 167850 966090 924589 2026-10-11T07:45:59Z Nura Bello 24854 966090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Commonwealth''' {{Efn|Which also refers itself as the '''Comm Games'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder|url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|access-date=7 December 2022|website=Triple M|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allan|first=Steve|title=COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES {{!}} NBN News|url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/|access-date=7 December 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref>}} wani taron wasanni ne na duniya sau huɗu a shekara, wanda ke haɗa 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙungiyar gamayya ta ƙasashe]], wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mafi yawan tsoffin yankuna na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . An fara gudanar da taron a matsayin '''Gasar Daular Burtaniya''' a shekarar 1930, kuma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye da dama na sunaye, wanda ke nuna sauyin yanayin siyasa da kuma cire Daular daga mulkin mallaka a hankali. An san shi da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya har zuwa 1950, '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth''' har zuwa 1966, da '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya''' har zuwa 1974 . Tun daga shekarar 1978, an san taron a hukumance da Wasannin Commonwealth, wani suna da ke nuna asalinsa na zamani tare da ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Birtaniya. Ana kuma kiran wasannin da '''Wasannin Abokan Hulɗa''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Games |url=https://gc2018.com/history-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Wasannin, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wasannin wasanni da yawa da aka yi a wajen [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics na zamani]], sun jawo hankalin kai tsaye ga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar Jeux de la Francophonie da Wasannin Lusofonia na tsoffin yankunan Faransa da Portugal bi da bi. Hukumar Commonwealth Sport ce ke kula da wasannin, wadda ke tantance shirin wasanni da kuma bayar da 'yancin karbar bakuncin wasannin. Taron yana goyon bayan al'adunsa na musamman, kamar Baton Relay da kuma ɗaga tutar wasannin Commonwealth a bikin. An bambanta shi da sauran gasannin wasanni na duniya ta hanyar haɗakarsa da kuma gadonsa. An haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a matsayin cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma a cikin 2018, Wasannin sun zama gasar wasanni da yawa ta farko a duniya da ta bayar da lambobin yabo iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. Nan da shekarar 2022, abubuwan da mata ke yi sun fi na maza yawa a karon farko. Baya ga manyan wasannin Olympics, Wasannin Commonwealth sun haɗa da fannoni kamar ƙwallon raga, kwano na ciyawa da kuma squash, waɗanda ke da farin jini musamman a cikin Commonwealth. Asalin wasannin ya kasance a gasar zakarun Inter-Empire na 1911, tare da Melville Marks Robinson yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa wasannin farko na hukuma a Hamilton, Kanada. A tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth da Wasannin Paraplegic na Commonwealth da suka ɓace yanzu sun kara fadada shiga. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics da sauran wasannin duniya ba, wasannin Commonwealth suna ba da izinin wakilci daga Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth goma sha biyar waɗanda ba jihohi masu zaman kansu ba. Wadannan sun hada da kasashe huɗu na Ƙasar Ingila, Crown Dependencies, yankuna da yawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, Norfolk Island (Australia) da Niue (New Zealand). Musamman, duk da kasancewa marasa iko, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands da Cayman Islands an amince da su a matsayin Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na kasa masu zaman kansu ta Kwamitin Wasano na Duniya. Zuwa yanzu, birane ashirin a cikin ƙasashe tara ne suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin. [[Auckland]], [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]] sun karbi bakuncin gasar sau biyu. Ana gudanar da sabon bugu a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Glasgow]] a shekarar 2026. Da farko, an bai wa Victoria gasar Commonwealth ta 2026 a Ostiraliya, amma damuwar kuɗi ta sa jihar ta janye daga gasar. Daga baya, an tabbatar da Glasgow a matsayin birnin da zai maye gurbin wanda zai karbi bakuncin gasar. Wasannin da ake yi a yanzu sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai, inda suka ƙunshi wasanni goma kacal. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar sulhu, gwamnatin Victoria za ta samar da sama da fam miliyan 2 ga masu shirya gasar Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2024 |title=King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> An ba wa [[Ahmedabad]], Indiya, gasar wasannin Commonwealth ta 2030 (wanda zai kasance Wasannin XXIV da Wasannin Karni na 100). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == John Astley Cooper ne ya fara gabatar da gasar wasanni da ta haɗa membobin [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] a shekarar 1891, shekaru biyar kafin gasar Olympics ta zamani ta farko, wanda ya rubuta wasiƙu da muƙaloli ga jaridu da dama da ke nuna "Taron Pan Brittanic, Pan Anglican duk bayan shekaru huɗu a matsayin hanyar ƙara kyautatawa da fahimtar Daular Burtaniya." <ref name="ANETT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=J Astley Cooper |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> An kafa Kwamitin John Astley Cooper a Ostiraliya, [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don tallata wannan ra'ayi kuma ya zaburar da Pierre de Coubertin don fara ƙungiyar [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics]] ta duniya. A shekarar 1911, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Inter-Empire tare da bikin Daular, a Fadar Crystal da ke [[Landan]] don murnar naɗin George na Biyar, kuma Earl na Plymouth da Lord Desborough ne suka jagoranci gasar. Ƙungiyoyi daga Australasia (Ostiraliya da New Zealand), Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, da Birtaniya sun fafata a gasannin motsa jiki, dambe, iyo da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=GBR Athletics}}</ref> Kanada ta lashe gasar kuma an ba ta kofin azurfa (wanda Lord Lonsdale ya ba ta kyauta) wanda ya kasance {{Convert|2|ft|6|in|cm}}tsayin kuma yana da nauyin {{Convert|340|oz|kg}} . Wani wakilin ''Auckland Star'' ya soki Wasannin, yana mai kiransu "babban takaici" wanda "bai cancanci a ba shi taken 'Empire Sports' ba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 1911 |title=Empire Sports |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Papers Past}}</ref> Yayin da ake shirin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1928 a Amsterdam, babban jami'in ƙungiyar Amateur Athletic Union of Canada J. Howard Crocker ya yi magana da ɗan jarida Melville Marks Robinson na ''The Hamilton Spectator'', game da ɗaukar nauyin wani taron wasanni na duniya a Kanada. Robinson ya gabatar da shawara kuma ya yi kira da a dauki nauyin shirya gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya a Hamilton, Ontario, a shekarar 1930. <ref name="TOP">{{Cite web |title=History of the Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Daga nan Robinson ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan ƙungiyar 'yan wasan tsere ta Kanada a wasannin daular Burtaniya na 1930. <ref name="TOP" /> Duk da cewa akwai jihohi 56 masu ikon mallaka waɗanda suka kasance membobi na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashe, akwai ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth guda 74 masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=Commonwealth Sport}}</ref> An raba su zuwa yankuna shida (Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania) kuma kowannensu yana da irin wannan aiki da Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa dangane da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], NOCs ɗinsu suna ɗaukar ayyukan CGA. Gamayyar ƙungiyoyi shida ne kawai suka shiga kowace gasar Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] . Daga cikin waɗannan shida, Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada da New Zealand kowannensu ya lashe aƙalla lambar zinare ɗaya a kowace wasa. Ostiraliya ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a wasanni goma sha uku, Ingila ta yi wasanni bakwai, Kanada kuma ta yi wasa ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku kuma suna kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo na Gasar Commonwealth a wannan jerin. === Bugu-da-wane === ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya (1930–1950) ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1930 su ne na farko da aka fi sani da Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma an gudanar da su a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada daga 16 zuwa 23 ga Agusta 1930 kuma Lord Willingdon ya buɗe su. <ref name="H30">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]}}</ref> Kasashe goma sha ɗaya: Ostiraliya, [[Bermuda]], British Guyana, Kanada, Ingila, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], Newfoundland, New Zealand, [[Scotland]], Afirka ta Kudu da [[Wales]], sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 400 don yin gasa a wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, kwano, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. An gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki a filin wasa na Civic . <ref name="E30">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=1930 Empire Games |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> Kudin Wasannin ya kai dala $97,973. <ref name="E30" /> Mata sun fafata a gasar ruwa kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle sau uku na ƙasar Kanada Gordon Smallacombe ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko a tarihin wasannin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jamie Bradburn |date=21 July 2015 |title=The British Empire Games of 1930 |url=http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Torontoist.com}}</ref> [[File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya ta 1938 a filin wasan kurket na Sydney .]] Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1934 su ne na biyu a cikin wasannin Commonwealth da aka gudanar a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. Birnin da ya karbi bakuncin gasar shine Landan, inda babban wurin wasan yake a Wembley Park, duk da cewa an gudanar da gasar tseren keke a [[Manchester]] . An ba da wasannin 1934 ga [[Johannesburg]], amma aka ba da su ga London saboda damuwa mai tsanani game da nuna wariya ga 'yan wasan Asiya da baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Har yanzu ba a fayyace alaƙar 'yan wasan Ireland a wasannin 1934 ba, amma babu wata ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Ireland Free State da aka kafa a hukumance. Ƙungiyoyi goma sha shida na ƙasa sun shiga gasar, ciki har da sabbin 'yan wasa Hong Kong, Indiya, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London 1934 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1938 su ne Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na uku, wanda aka gudanar a [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An tsara lokacin da zai yi daidai da cika shekaru 100 na Sydney (shekaru 150 tun kafuwar matsugunin Birtaniya a Ostiraliya). An gudanar da bikin bude gasar III a karon farko a yankin Kudancin Duniya, a filin wasan kurket na Sydney, wanda ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 40,000. Kasashe 15 ne suka halarci gasar Sydney, inda jimillar 'yan wasa 464 da jami'ai 43 suka halarta. Fiji da Ceylon sun fara fitowa a karon farko. An gabatar da wasanni bakwai a wasannin Sydney - wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, hawan keke, kwano na ciyawa, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney 1938 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1950 su ne bugu na huɗu kuma an gudanar da su a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, bayan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka rage kafin bugu na uku na wasannin. An ba da wasannin na huɗu ga [[Montréal|Montreal]], Kanada kuma an shirya za a gudanar da su a shekarar 1942, amma an soke su saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . 'Yan kallo 40,000 ne suka halarci bikin bude gasar a filin wasa na Eden Park, yayin da kusan mutane 250,000 suka halarci gasar Auckland. Kasashe goma sha biyu sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 590 zuwa Auckland. Malaya da [[Najeriya]] sun fara bayyana a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1950 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth (1954–1966) ==== [[File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumi a Vancouver da ke tunawa da "Miracle Mile" tsakanin Roger Bannister da [[John Landy]]]] An gudanar da bugu na biyar na Wasannin, wato Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na 1954, a [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fara amfani da sunan daga Wasannin Daular Burtaniya a shekarar 1952, a daidai lokacin da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ke mulki. Bugu na biyar na Wasannin ya sanya Vancouver a kan dandamali na duniya kuma ya ƙunshi lokutan wasanni masu ban sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi mai ban mamaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma al'adun gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka san shi da "Miracle Mile", wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare, Roger Bannister na Ingila da [[John Landy]] na Australia, sun gudanar da tsere na ƙasa da mintuna huɗu a wani taron da aka watsa kai tsaye a faɗin duniya a karon farko. Arewacin Rhodesia da [[Pakistan]] sun fara buga wasa kuma dukkansu sun yi rawar gani, inda suka lashe lambobin yabo takwas da shida bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vancouver 1954 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg|thumb|3 pence British stamp with theme of 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales]] An gudanar da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a Cardiff, Wales. Wasannin guda shida sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Wales kuma ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa karɓar bakuncin Gasar Daular Burtaniya da Wasannin Commonwealth. Cardiff ta jira fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko don zama mai masaukin baki na Wasannin, saboda an soke gasar 1946 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Wasannin Cardiff sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Relay na Sarauniya, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin gabatarwa ga kowace gasar Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,122 da jami'ai 228 zuwa Wasannin Cardiff kuma kasashe 23 da masu dogaro da su sun lashe lambobin yabo, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Ghana]], Kenya da [[Isle of Man|Tsibirin Man]] a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardiff 1958 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gab da wasannin Cardiff, manyan taurarin wasanni da dama, ciki har da Stanley Matthews, Jimmy Hill da Don Revie, sun sanya hannu a wata wasika da suka aike wa ''jaridar The Times'' a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1958, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu game da kasancewar wasannin Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata kawai, suna adawa da 'manufar wariyar launin fata' a wasannin kasa da kasa da kuma kare 'ka'idar daidaiton launin fata wanda ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Wasannin Olympics'. An gudanar da wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na shekarar 1962 a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 863 da jami'ai 178 zuwa Perth. [[Jersey]] tana cikin waɗanda suka lashe lambobin yabo a karon farko, yayin da Burtaniya Honduras, [[Dominika|Dominica]], Papua da New Guinea da [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] duk suka buga wasannin farko. Aden shi ma ya fafata da gasar ta hanyar gayyatar musamman. Sarawak, North Borneo da Malaya sun fafata a karo na ƙarshe, kafin su shiga gasar a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin tutar Malaysia . Bugu da ƙari, [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] sun fafata a gasar a matsayin ƙungiya a karon farko kuma ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Perth 1962 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da gasar Daular Burtaniya da ta Commonwealth ta shekarar 1966 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]] . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a wajen abin da ake kira White Dominions . Kasashe talatin da huɗu (ciki har da Kudancin Arabia ) sun fafata a gasar Kingston Games, inda suka aika da jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 1,316. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingston 1966 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya (1970–1974) ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1970 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka amince da sunan Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da [[Tsarin ma'auni|na'urorin auna ma'auni]] maimakon na imperial a cikin taruka, karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a [[Scotland]] da kuma karo na farko da Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth ta Biyu]] ta halarta a matsayinta na Shugabar Commonwealth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1970 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 a Christchurch, New Zealand . An kira taron a hukumance The Friendly Games, kuma shi ne bugu na farko da ya ƙunshi waƙar taken. Bayan Kisan kiyashi na 'yan wasan Isra'ila a wasannin Olympics na Munich na 1972, wasannin goma a Christchurch sune wasan farko na wasanni da yawa don sanya lafiyar mahalarta da masu kallo a matsayin mafi girman abin da ake buƙata. Masu tsaro sun kewaye ƙauyen 'yan wasan kuma akwai manyan' yan sanda. Kasashe 22 ne kawai suka yi nasarar lashe lambobin yabo daga jimlar lambobin yabo 374 da aka bayar, amma wadanda suka lashe gasar a karon farko sun hada da Western Samoa, [[Lesotho]] da Swaziland (tun daga shekarar 2018 ana kiransu [[Eswatini]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christchurch 1974 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 an kira ta "Join Together". ==== Wasannin Commonwealth (1978–1998) ==== An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1978 a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada. Wannan taron shi ne na farko da aka sanya wa suna a yanzu na Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma ya nuna sabon matsayi yayin da kusan 'yan wasa 1,500 daga ƙasashe 46 suka shiga. [[Najeriya]] ta kaurace musu don nuna rashin amincewarta da hulɗar wasanni da [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai mulkin wariyar launin fata ke yi da ita, da kuma [[Uganda]] don nuna rashin amincewarsu da zargin da ake yi wa gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton 1978 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar Commonwealth ta 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Ostiraliya]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kasashe arba'in da shida ne suka shiga gasar Brisbane, inda suka samu sabon tarihi na 'yan wasa 1,583 da kuma jami'ai 571. A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Ostiraliya ce ke kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo a gaban Ingila, Kanada, Scotland da New Zealand bi da bi. [[Zimbabwe]] ta fara fitowa a gasar, bayan da ta fafata a matsayin Southern Rhodesia da kuma wani ɓangare na [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brisbane 1982 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 mai suna "You're Here To Win". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland kuma su ne wasanni na biyu da aka gudanar a Edinburgh. Kasashe 32 na Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean sun kauracewa shiga gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1986, inda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin amincewa da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta yi na yin Allah wadai da huldar wasanni da Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1985, amma wasannin sun sake bunƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da bunƙasa daga baya. Kasashe ashirin da shida sun halarci gasar Edinburgh ta biyu, kuma sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,662 da jami'ai 461. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1986 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 an yi mata suna "Ruhun Matasa". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Su ne wasannin Commonwealth na goma sha huɗu, na uku da New Zealand za ta karbi bakuncinsa, na biyu kuma na Auckland. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 55 sun halarci gasar Auckland ta biyu, inda 'yan wasa da jami'ai 2,826 suka halarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1990 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan ta koma cikin ƙungiyar Commonwealth a shekarar 1989 bayan ta janye a shekarar 1972, kuma ta fafata a wasannin 1990 bayan ta shafe shekaru ashirin ba tare da ta halarci gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |archive-date=15 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 mai suna "Wannan Shine Lokacin". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan taron shine karo na huɗu da ya faru a Kanada. Wasannin sun nuna wani muhimmin batu na komawar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] cikin yanayin wasanni bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, kuma sama da shekaru talatin tun lokacin da ƙasar ta fafata a wasannin karshe a shekarar 1958 . [[Namibiya|Namibia]] ta fara gasar Commonwealth bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma shine karo na ƙarshe da Hong Kong ta halarci wasannin kafin a miƙa 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya zuwa China. Kasashe sittin da uku sun aika 'yan wasa 2,557 da jami'ai 914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria 1994 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 mai suna "Bari Ruhunka Ya Yi Sauri". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1998 a [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. A karon farko a tarihinta na shekaru 68, an gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Asiya. Taron shi ne kuma Wasannin farko da suka ƙunshi wasannin ƙungiya (kurket, rugby 7s, netball da field hockey) tare da bowling goma da squash - wani babban nasara wanda ya ƙara yawan masu sauraro da kuma waɗanda ke kallon talabijin. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 70 ya aika jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 5,065 zuwa Gasar Kuala Lumpur. Kasashe biyar mafiya kyau a jerin wadanda suka lashe lambobin yabo sune Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada, Malaysia (wadanda suka yi fice a wasanninsu har zuwa wannan ranar) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. [[Nauru]] ta kuma samu lambobin zinare uku masu ban mamaki. [[Kamaru]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Kiribati]] da [[Tuvalu]] sun fara fafatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuala Lumpur 1998 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 mai suna "Forever As One". ==== A lokacin ƙarni na 21 ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a [[Manchester]], Ingila. An shirya taron ne a Ingila a karon farko tun shekarar 1934 kuma ya zo daidai da bikin zagayowar shekarar Zinare ta Elizabeth ta Biyu, shugabar [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] . Dangane da wasanni da abubuwan da suka faru, gasar 2002 ta kasance gasar Commonwealth mafi girma a tarihi, inda ta ƙunshi wasanni 281 a cikin wasanni 17. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci a jadawalin ƙarshe na lambobin yabo, sai kuma Ingila mai masaukin baki da Kanada. Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 sun kafa sabon ma'auni don ɗaukar nauyin wasannin Commonwealth da kuma biranen da ke son yin tayinsu tare da mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester 2002 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 mai suna " Where My Heart Will Take Me ". [[File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg|thumb| Wasanni a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne (MCG) yayin wasannin Commonwealth na 2006, [[Melbourne]]]] An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia. Bambanci kawai tsakanin wasannin 2006 da Wasannin 2002 shine rashin [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ya janye daga Commonwealth of Nations bayan kungiyar ta dakatar da shi a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> A karo na farko a tarihin wasannin Sarauniya ta ziyarci kowace ƙasa da yankin Commonwealth da ke shiga cikin wasannin, tafiya ta kilomita 180,000 (110,000 . Fiye da 'yan wasa 4000 sun shiga gasar wasanni. Har ila yau Top 3 a kan teburin lambar yabo shine Australia, sannan Ingila da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melbourne 2006 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 an kira ta "Together We Are One". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a [[Delhi]], Indiya. Wasannin sun ci dala biliyan 11 kuma sun kasance wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada a tarihi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Indiya, kuma shine karo na farko da [[Jamhuriyar a cikin Commonwealth of Nations|jamhuriyar Commonwealth]] ta karbi bakuncin wasannin, sannan kuma karo na biyu da aka gudanar da su a Asiya bayan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1998. Jimillar 'yan wasa 6,081 daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth 71 da kuma waɗanda suka dogara da su]] sun fafata a wasanni 21 da kuma gasa 272. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci ƙidayar lambobin yabo na ƙarshe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar Indiya ta sami mafi kyawun wasanta a kowane gasa, inda ta zo ta biyu a jimilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi 2010 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120108/https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ta fara buga wasanninta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130063104/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 mai suna "Kai tsaye, tashi, hawa, nasara". An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Wadannan wasannin sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taba gudanarwa a Scotland tare da kimanin 'yan wasa 4,950 daga kasashe da yankuna daban-daban 71 da ke fafatawa a wasanni 18 daban-daban, wanda ya wuce wasannin Commonwealth na 1970 da 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], babban birnin Scotland. [[Usain bolt|Usain Bolt]] ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 kuma ya kafa rikodin Wasannin Commonwealth tare da abokan aikinsa. Wasannin sun sami yabo saboda shirya su, halarta, da kuma sha'awar jama'a na mutanen Scotland, tare da shugaban zartarwa na CGF Mike Hooper yana yaba da su a matsayin "wasannin da suka fi dacewa a tarihin motsi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182710/https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Cycling_(geograph_4105477).jpg|right|thumb| Gasar kekuna a lokacin Gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 da aka shirya a [[Glasgow]], Scotland]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a [[Gold Coast]], Queensland, Ostiraliya, kuma karo na biyar da Ostiraliya ta karbi bakuncin wasannin. Akwai dai adadin abubuwan da suka faru ga maza da mata iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihi da wani babban taron wasanni da dama ya sami daidaito a fannoni daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Coast 2018 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413185707/https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Birmingham_2022_Opening_Ceremony.jpg|thumb| Bikin Buɗewa na 2022]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2022 a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da aka shirya gasar Commonwealth a Ingila, bayan gasar London 1934 da Manchester 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120125/https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 sun yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 10 na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 da kuma [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]], dukkansu an gudanar da su a [[Landan]] . Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 shi ne bugu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu, kafin rasuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2022, an sanar da cewa za a gudanar da [[wasannin Commonwealth na 2026]] a karo na shida a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], amma a karon farko za a raba su, yayin da jihar Victoria ta sanya hannu a matsayin 'birnin' mai masaukin baki. Taron zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yankuna waɗanda galibi suka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Bendigo, da kuma wasu cibiyoyin yankuna uku. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Daniel Andrews ya sanar da cewa Victoria ba za ta sake karbar bakuncin wasannin 2026 ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Victoria state pulls out of hosting 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://news.sky.com/story/victoria-state-pulls-out-of-hosting-2026-commonwealth-games-12922606 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta gudanar da wasannin 2026 a Glasgow, bayan soke gasar Victoria, duk da haka za a "rage wasannin" inda za a gudanar da wasanni 10 kacal a wurare huɗu, da kuma alƙawarin cewa ba za a buƙaci kuɗin jama'a ba. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 zai zama na farko da za a gudanar a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Charles III|Sarki Charles na Uku]] . Kasashe uku da suka fi karbar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth sune Australia (5), Canada (4) da [[Scotland]] (4). New Zealand tana da wasanni uku kuma tare da wasannin 2022, Ingila ma ta ƙara adadinta zuwa uku. An shirya wasanni ɗaya a [[Wales]], biyu a Asiya ( [[Maleshiya|Malesiya]] (1) da [[Indiya]] (1)) da ɗaya a Caribbean ( [[Jamaika]] (1)). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Story of The Commonwealth Games |url=http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125811/http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> An ba da wannan kyautar ga Afirka, amma ba a taɓa yin ta ba, inda aka cire [[Durban]] daga gasar wasannin 2022 sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi. Za a gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2030 a [[Ahmedabad]] kuma zai kasance bikin cika shekaru 100 da fara gasar Commonwealth. === Wasannin Gurɓataccen Nakasa === [[File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg|thumb| 'Yan wasan Gasar Commonwealth ta 1962 a [[Perth]]]] Wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu nakasa daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth]] . A wasu lokutan ana kiran taron da Wasannin Daular Paraplegic da Wasannin Paraplegic na Burtaniya. 'Yan wasa galibi suna fama da [[raunin kashin baya]] ko kuma cutar [[Polio|shan inna]] . An fara gudanar da taron ne a shekarar 1962 kuma an soke shi a shekarar 1974. An gudanar da wasannin ne a ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth ga 'yan wasa masu ƙarfin jiki. Kasashen da suka dauki nauyin gasar Commonwealth Paraplegic Games sune Australia, Jamaica, Scotland da New Zealand a shekarun 1962, 1966, 1970 da 1974 . Kasashe shida - Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] - an wakilta su a dukkan wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic. Ingila da Ostiraliya sun yi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} ƙasar da ta fi samun matsayi sau biyu kowannensu: 1962, 1974 da 1966, 1970.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} ==== Haɗa 'yan wasa nakasassu cikin Wasannin Commonwealth ==== An fara haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, British Columbia lokacin da aka ƙara wannan taron a wasannin motsa jiki da kwano, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema |first=Mark |last2=Anjema |first2=Justin |date=25 March 2004 |title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games |url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012 |publisher=Redeemer University College}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, Ingila, an haɗa su a matsayin wasannin dole, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama wasannin wasanni da yawa na duniya na farko da suka haɗa da juna . Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa sakamako a cikin ƙidayar lambobin yabo kuma 'yan wasan cikakken memba ne na kowace tawagar ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-sports for elite athletes with a disability |url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=25 February 2012 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation website}}</ref> A lokacin Babban Taron 2007 na Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) a [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya]] (IPC) da CGF sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da alaƙar hukuma tsakanin hukumomin biyu da kuma tabbatar da halartar fitattun 'yan wasa masu nakasa (EAD) a nan gaba a Wasannin Commonwealth. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IPC da CGF. Ta amince da IPC a matsayin hukumar wasanni da ta dace kuma tana da alhakin kula da daidaitawa da kuma aiwatar da shirin wasanni na EAD na Wasannin Commonwealth kuma ta yi alƙawarin yin aiki tare don tallafawa ci gaban Motsin Wasannin Paralympic da Commonwealth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC and CGF Sign Co-operative Agreement |url=https://www.paralympic.org/press-release/ipc-and-cgf-sign-co-operative-agreement |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin hunturu ==== [[File:StMoritz.jpg|thumb| St. Moritz, wurin da za a yi dukkan wasannin hunturu guda uku daga 1958 zuwa 1966]] Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth wani taron wasanni da yawa ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasannin hunturu, wanda aka yi a ƙarshe a shekarar 1970. An shirya bugu huɗu na Wasannin. An tsara wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth a matsayin wani tsari na adawa da wasannin Commonwealth, wanda ke mai da hankali kan wasannin bazara, don rakiyar wasannin Olympics na hunturu da na bazara . TD Richardson ne ya kafa Wasannin hunturu. An gudanar da Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a St. Moritz, Switzerland kuma su ne wasannin farko na bugu na hunturu. An kuma gudanar da wasannin 1962 a St. Moritz, wanda ya dace da gasar 1962 ta Daular Burtaniya da Gasar Commonwealth a [[Perth]], Ostiraliya, kuma an gudanar da gasar 1966 a St. Moritz, bayan fitowar 1970, an daina tunanin. === Wasannin Matasa === The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Games |url=http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017114244/http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Bendigo 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth == [[File:London Shopping 002 (6166876525) (2).jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]] a Commonwealth House (a tsakiya) da ke Landan]] Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin jagoranci da kula da Wasannin Commonwealth da Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth, kuma ita ce babbar hukuma kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|title=The Role of The CGF|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023143/http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Commonwealth House da ke Landan, Ingila, ita ce ke ɗauke da hedikwatar CGF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact|title=Contact Information|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115608/https://thecgf.com/contact|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Commonwealth House kuma tana ɗauke da hedikwatar Royal Commonwealth Society da Commonwealth Local Government Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thercs.org/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society|website=thercs.org|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184110/https://thercs.org/contact/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|title=Contact us – CLGF|website=clgf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120039/http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: * Ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa (IFs) su ne hukumomin da ke kula da wani wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Misali, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Sports Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021246/https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth (CGAs) suna wakiltar tare da tsara harkokin Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth a kowace ƙasa, kuma suna gudanar da ayyuka makamantan na Kwamitocin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa. Misali, Commonwealth Games England (CGE) ita ce CGA ta Ingila. A halin yanzu, CGF ta amince da CGAs guda 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – CGA Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020021/https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwamitocin Shirya Wasannin Commonwealth (OCCWGs) su ne kwamitoci na wucin gadi da ke da alhakin shirya kowanne daga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth. Ana rushe OCCWGs bayan kammala kowanne wasa, bayan an gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe ga CGF. Turanci shi ne harshen hukuma na Commonwealth. Sauran harshen da ake amfani da shi a kowanne Wasannin Commonwealth shi ne harshen ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin (ko harsuna, idan ƙasar tana da fiye da harshen hukuma guda ɗaya ban da Turanci). Ana furta kowace sanarwa (kamar sanarwar kowace ƙasa yayin faretin ƙasashe a bikin buɗe wasannin) da waɗannan harsuna biyu (ko fiye). Idan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana da irin wannan yanayi, alhakinta ne ta zaɓi harshen ko harsunan da za a yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|title=CGF Constitution|website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> == Gudun Sandar Sarki == [[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|Gudun Sandar Jubilee na Sarauniya na [[2002 Commonwealth Games]]]] Gudun Sandar Sarki gasa ce ta gudun relay da ake yi a faɗin duniya kafin fara Wasannin Commonwealth. Sandar tana ɗauke da saƙo daga Shugaban Commonwealth. A al'ada, gudun sandar yana farawa ne daga Buckingham Palace da ke Landan a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth Day na birnin. Sarki yana miƙa sandar ga ɗan gudun relay na farko. A bikin buɗe Wasannin, ɗan gudun relay na ƙarshe yana mayar da sandar ga sarki ko wakilinsa, wanda yake karanta saƙon da babbar murya domin buɗe wasannin a hukumance. Gudun Sandar Sarki yana kama da Gudun Tocilan Olympics.<ref name="RelayTradition">{{cite web|url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues...|publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation|access-date=15 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|archive-date=11 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara wannan gudun sandar ne a [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Cardiff, Wales, a matsayin Gudun Sandar Sarauniya. Har zuwa, ciki har da [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], gudun sandar yana wucewa ne kawai ta Ingila da ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Gudun sandar na [[1998 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, shi ne na farko da ya je wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth. Gudun Sandar Sarauniya na [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostareliya, shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin Wasannin Commonwealth. Gudun ya kai kilomita 230,000 (mil 150,000) cikin kwanaki 388, inda sandar ta bi ta yankuna shida na Commonwealth, wato Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania. A karon farko, an gabatar da Sandar Sarauniya a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth yayin bugu na shida na wasannin a shekarar 2017, waɗanda aka gudanar a Nassau, Bahamas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=20 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Bukukuwan == === Buɗewa === [[File:Comm Games 2006 finale.JPG|thumb|Bikin buɗe [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] a [[Melbourne]]]] Bikin buɗe wasannin yawanci yana farawa ne da ɗaga tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin da kuma rera taken ƙasarta. Ana kuma ɗaga tutar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth, tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya da kuma tutar ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba yayin bikin buɗewar. Daga nan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na kiɗa, waƙa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adunta. Shirye-shiryen fasahar sun ƙaru wajen girma da kuma rikitarwa, yayin da ƙasashe daban-daban da suka karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ke ƙoƙarin shirya bikin da zai fi na wanda ya gabace shi jan hankali wajen tunawa. An ruwaito cewa bikin buɗe Wasannin Delhi ya kashe dala miliyan 70, inda aka kashe babban ɓangaren kuɗin wajen shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|title=The CWG opening show reality: Rs 350 crore|work=[[The Times of India]] Blog|access-date=21 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180834/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan ɓangaren shirye-shiryen fasaha na bikin, 'yan wasa suna shiga filin wasa cikin jerin ƙasashe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya ita ce a al'ada ƙasa ta farko da ke shiga. Daga nan ƙasashe suna shiga filin wasan bisa tsarin haruffan sunayensu ko kuma bisa nahiyoyi, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin su ne na ƙarshe da ke shiga. Ana gabatar da jawabai, sannan a buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A ƙarshe, ana shigar da [[Queen's Baton Relay|Sandar Sarki]] cikin filin wasa, sannan ana miƙa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum har sai ta isa ga ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa ya riƙe ta a ƙarshe, wanda galibi shahararren ɗan wasan Commonwealth ne daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Shi ne ke miƙa sandar ga [[Head of the Commonwealth|Shugaban Commonwealth]] ko wakilinsa. === Rufewa === [[File:Commonwealth Games closing ceremony picture.jpeg|thumb|Bikin rufe [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] a Delhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin rufe Wasannin Commonwealth bayan an kammala dukkan gasannin wasanni. Masu ɗauke da tutoci daga kowace ƙasa da ta shiga gasar suna shiga filin wasa, sannan 'yan wasa su biyo bayansu tare, ba tare da bambancin ƙasa ba. Shugaban kwamitin shirya wasannin da shugaban CGF suna gabatar da jawabansu na rufewa, sannan a rufe wasannin a hukumance. Shugaban CGF kuma yana magana game da yadda aka gudanar da wasannin. Magajin garin da ya shirya wasannin yana miƙa tutar CGF ga shugaban CGF, wanda daga nan yake miƙa ta ga magajin garin da zai karɓi baƙuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na gaba. Daga nan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba ita ma tana gabatar da taƙaitaccen shiri na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ke wakiltar al'adunta. Manyan masu fasaha da mawaƙa da dama sun yi wasanni a bukukuwan Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Constitution {{!}} Commonwealth Games Federation|website=CGF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> A bikin rufe kowane Wasannin Commonwealth, shugaban CGF yana bayar da wata lambar yabo tare da gabatar da kofi ga wani ɗan wasa da ya nuna bajinta da kima ta musamman, ta fuskar yadda ya yi a wasanni da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyarsa. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta kowace ƙasa ce ke zaɓar 'yan wasan da za a gabatar da sunayensu a ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe ta gasar, sannan kwamitin da ya ƙunshi shugaban CGF da wakilai daga yankuna shida na Commonwealth ya zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara. An ƙaddamar da '[[David Dixon Award]]', kamar yadda ake kiranta, a [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]], bayan marigayi David Dixon, tsohon Babban Sakataren Girmamawa na [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]], domin girmama babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasannin Commonwealth tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Oath & Award|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130116/http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gabatar da lambobin yabo === Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo bayan an kammala kowace gasa. Wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya zo na biyu da wanda ya zo na uku, ko ƙungiyoyin da suka samu waɗannan matsayi, suna tsayawa a kan matakai uku domin a ba su lambobinsu. Bayan wani memba na CGF ya bayar da lambobin, ana ɗaga tutocin ƙasashen 'yan wasan da suka samu lambobin uku, yayin da ake rera [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na ƙasar wanda ya samu lambar zinariya. 'Yan ƙasar da suka yi aikin sa-kai daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin sukan kasance masu taimakawa wajen gudanar da bukukuwan bayar da lambobin, inda suke taimaka wa jami'an da ke gabatar da lambobin tare da ɗaukar tutoci. === Taken ƙasa === "[[God Save the King]]" taken hukuma ne ko [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na [[God Save the King#Use in other Commonwealth countries|ƙasashen Commonwealth da dama]] da kuma yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu ƙasashe. Saboda haka, kuma saboda [[countries of the United Kingdom|ƙasashen da suka ƙunshi Birtaniya]] suna fafatawa daban-daban, an hana amfani da shi yayin bukukuwan hukuma, bukukuwan bayar da lambobin yabo ko kafin wasanni a gasar ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know about National Anthems|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/11-things-you-didn-t-know-about-national-anthems|access-date=7 August 2022|website=Commonwealth Games – Birmingham 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan gyaran wannan ƙa'ida da aka yi kafin Wasannin 2010, an sauya wasu daga cikin taken ƙasashen da ake amfani da su, kuma a wasu lokuta sun bambanta da taken ƙasa ko taken hukuma na ƙasar da ake iya amfani da shi a yanzu: {|class="wikitable" |- !Ƙasa ! Taken da aka yi amfani da shi a Wasannin Commonwealth !Taken ƙasa/Taken hukuma |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |"[[God Bless Anguilla]]" |rowspan="4"|"[[God Save the King]]" |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |"[[Hail to Bermuda]]" |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |"[[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands]]" |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |"[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |- |{{Flag|England}} |"[[Land of Hope and Glory]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[And did those feet in ancient time#Use as a national anthem|Jerusalem]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite web|author=Sir Andrew Foster|url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|title=England announce victory anthem for Delhi chosen by the public! – Commonwealth Games England|publisher=Weare England|date=30 May 2010|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162431/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |"[[Song of the Falklands]]" |rowspan="5"|"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" |- |{{Flag|Guernsey}} |"[[Sarnia Cherie]]" |- |{{Flag|Jersey}} |"[[Island Home (anthem)|Island Home]]" |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |"[[National Song (Montserrat)|Motherland]]" |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |"[[God Defend New Zealand]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz">{{Cite web|title=History of God Defend New Zealand {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url=https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|access-date=7 August 2022|website=mch.govt.nz|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054556/https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|url-status=dead }}</ref><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |"[[Ko e Iki he Lagi|Ko e Iki he Lagi (Ya Ubangiji, Mai cikin sama, Mai jin ƙai)]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz"/><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Norfolk Island}} |"[[Come Ye Blessed]]" |"[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |- |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |"[[Londonderry Air]]" |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |"[[My Saint Helena Island]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Scotland}} |"[[Scotland the Brave]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2010|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8449939.stm|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |"[[This Land of Ours]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Wales}} |"[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Ƙasar Kakannina)]]" |Babu; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |} ==Jerin Wasannin Commonwealth== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{location map+|North America |float = left |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Kanada da yankin Caribbean) |places = {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=43.247362|long=-79.864457|label='''1930'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=left|lat=49.283820|long=-123.122547|label='''1954'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=18.016625|long=-76.800674|label='''1966'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=53.544127|long=-113.491225|label='''1978'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=bottom|lat=48.427598|long=-123.366658|label='''1994'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|United Kingdom |float = center |width = 250 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Birtaniya) |places = {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.507222|long=-0.1275|label='''1934'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.481667|long=-3.179167|label='''1958'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=55.953333|long=-3.189167|label='''1970''', '''1986'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=53.479444|long=-2.245278|label='''2002'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=55.861111|long=-4.25|label='''2014''', '''2026'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=52.4862|long=-1.8904|label='''2022'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|Oceania |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Oceania) |places = {{Location map~|Oceania|position=left|lat=-33.859972|long=151.209444|label='''1938'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-36.857312|long=174.760972|label='''1950, 1990'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-31.950604|long=115.860778|label='''1962'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-43.734701|long=172.623768|label='''1974'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=top|lat=-27.473660|long=153.026010|label='''1982'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-37.812836|long=144.963056|label='''2006'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-28.014611|long=153.402151|label='''2018'''}} }} {{location map+|Asia |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Asiya) |places = {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=28.594864|long=77.222577|label='''2010'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=3.147778|long=101.695278|label='''1998'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=left|lat=23.0225|long=72.571389|label='''''2030'''''}} }} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" width= align="center" style="font-size: 85%; |+Bayanin Wasannin Commonwealth ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Shekara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Bugu ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Garin da ya karɓi bakunci ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar mai masaukin baki ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wanda ya buɗe ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wasanni ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Gasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyoyi ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar farawa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar ƙarewa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|'Yan wasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Manazarta |- |align=center|1930 |align="center"|{{sort|01|[[1930 British Empire Games|I]]}} |align=left|[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada|1921}} |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Viscount Willingdon]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|59||align="center"|11 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 August 1930}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 August 1930}}||align="center"|400 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align="center"|1934 |align="center"|{{sort|02|[[1934 British Empire Games|II]]}} |align="left"|[[London]] |align="left"|{{flag|England}} |[[George V|King George V]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|68||align="center"|16 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1934}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 August 1934}}||align="center"|500 |- |align="center"|1938 |align="center"|{{sort|03|[[1938 British Empire Games|III]]}} |align="left"|[[Sydney]] |align="left"|{{flag|Australia}} |[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|Lord Wakehurst]] |align="center"|7||align="center"|71||align="center"|15 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|5 February 1938}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 February 1938}}||align="center"|464 |align="left"|{{AUS}} |- |align="center"|1942 |align="center"|– |align="left"|[[Montreal]] |align="left"|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |colspan="9" rowspan="2" align="center"|''An soke saboda [[World War II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]<ref name="The Commonwealth Games 2017">The Complete Book of The Commonwealth Games (Gold Coast Edition) by Graham Groom (2017)</ref>'' |- |align="center"|1946 |align=center|– |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1807}} |- |align=center|1950 |align="center"|{{sort|04|[[1950 British Empire Games|IV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |[[Bernard Freyberg|Sir Bernard Freyberg]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|88||align="center"|12 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 February 1950}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 February 1950}}||align="center"|590 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1954 |align="center"|{{sort|05|[[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|V]]}} |align=left|[[Vancouver]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Earl Alexander of Tunis]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|91||align="center"|24 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 July 1954}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|7 August 1954}}||align="center"|662 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1958 |align="center"|{{sort|06|[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI]]}} |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1953}} |rowspan="5"|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|94||align="center"|36 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 July 1958}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 July 1958}}||align="center"|1,122 |- |align=center|1962 |align="center"|{{sort|07|[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Perth]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|104||align="center"|35 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|22 November 1962}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|1 December 1962}}||align="center"|863 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1966 |align="center"|{{sort|08|[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |align=left|{{flag|Jamaica}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|110||align="center"|34 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1966}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|13 August 1966}}||align="center"|1,050 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1970 |align="center"|{{sort|09|[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|42 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 July 1970}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 1970}}||align="center"|1,383 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1974 |align="center"|{{sort|10|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X]]}} |align=left|[[Christchurch]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|38 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1974}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 February 1974}}||align="center"|1,276 |- |align=center|1978 |align="center"|{{sort|11|[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Edmonton]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|128||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 1978}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 August 1978}}||align="center"|1,474 |align=left|{{CAN}} |- |align=center|1982 |align="center"|{{sort|12|[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII]]}} |align=left|[[Brisbane]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|142||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 September 1982}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|9 October 1982}}||align="center"|1,583 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1986 |align="center"|{{sort|13|[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|163||align="center"|26 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 July 1986}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August 1986}}||align="center"|1,662 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1990 |align="center"|{{sort|14|[[1990 Commonwealth Games|XIV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|204||align="center"|55 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1990}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 February 1990}}||align="center"|2,073 | rowspan="6" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1994 |align="center"|{{sort|15|[[1994 Commonwealth Games|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|217||align="center"|63 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 August 1994}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 August 1994}}||align="center"|2,557 |- |align=center|1998 |align="center"|{{sort|16|[[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Kuala Lumpur]] |align=left|{{flag|Malaysia}} |[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar]] |align="center"|15||align="center"|213||align="center"|70 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 September 1998}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|21 September 1998}}||align="center"|3,633 |- |align=center|2002 |align="center"|{{sort|17|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Manchester]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|281||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 2002}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 2002}}||align="center"|3,679 |- |align=center|2006 |align="center"|{{sort|18|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align="center"|17||align="center"|245||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 March 2006}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 March 2006}}||align="center"|4,049 |- |align=center|2010 |align="center"|{{sort|19|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Delhi]] |align=left|{{flag|India}} |[[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Patil]] da<br />[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|272||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 October 2010}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|14 October 2010}}||align="center"|4,352 |- |align=center|2014 |align="center"|{{sort|20|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|261||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2014}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 2014}}||align="center"|4,947 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|2018 |align="center"|{{sort|21|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align=left rowspan="2"|[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|275||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 April 2018}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 April 2018}}||align="center"|4,426 | rowspan="3" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|2022 |align="center"|{{sort|22|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Birmingham]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |align="center"|'''20'''||align="center"|'''283'''||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 July 2022}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|8 August 2022}}||align="center"|'''5,054''' |- |align=center|2026 |align="center"|{{sort|23|[[2026 Commonwealth Games|XXIII]]}} |align="left"|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |align="align=left"|[[Charles III|Sarki Charles III]] |align="center"|10 |align="center"|215 |align="center"|'''74''' |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2026}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August}} |align=center|~3,000 |- |align=center|2030 |align=center|[[2030 Commonwealth Games|XXIV]] |align=left|[[Ahmedabad]] |align=left|{{flagu|India}} | colspan="8" |{{Center|Ba a yanke ba}} |} == Teburin lambobin yabo == <small>'''*Lura: Ƙasashen da aka rubuta da ''haruffa masu karkata'' ba sa shiga Wasannin Commonwealth a yanzu.'''</small> :''An sabunta bayan [[2026 Commonwealth Games]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-games-all-time-medal-table-after-birmingham-2022 | title=Commonwealth Games: All-time medal table, after Birmingham 2022 | website=www.olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/#/www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/|title=Glasgow 2026|website=Glasgow 2026}}</ref>, {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagCGF | event = | team = CGA | gold_AUS = 1071 | silver_AUS = 879 | bronze_AUS = 823 | gold_ENG = 802 | silver_ENG = 828 | bronze_ENG = 802 | gold_CAN = 529 | silver_CAN = 568 | bronze_CAN = 612 | gold_IND = 215 | silver_IND = 207 | bronze_IND = 180 | gold_NZL = 189 | silver_NZL = 246 | bronze_NZL = 308 | gold_SCO = 145 | silver_SCO = 152 | bronze_SCO = 244 | gold_RSA = 144 | silver_RSA = 143 | bronze_RSA = 157 | gold_KEN = 94 | silver_KEN = 84 | bronze_KEN = 92 | gold_NGR = 92 | silver_NGR = 91 | bronze_NGR = 112 | gold_WAL = 84 | silver_WAL = 114 | bronze_WAL = 167 | gold_MAS = 74| silver_MAS = 76| bronze_MAS = 94 | gold_JAM = 75| silver_JAM = 57| bronze_JAM = 63 | gold_NIR = 40 | silver_NIR = 50 | bronze_NIR = 68 | gold_SGP = 40 | silver_SGP = 33 | bronze_SGP = 36 | gold_PAK = 27 | silver_PAK = 27 | bronze_PAK = 29 | gold_CYP = 26 | silver_CYP = 21 | bronze_CYP = 29 | gold_UGA = 19 | silver_UGA = 18 | bronze_UGA = 26 | gold_GHA = 15 | silver_GHA = 21 | bronze_GHA = 29 | note_GHA = {{ref|a|[a]}} | gold_TRI = 13 | silver_TRI = 26 | bronze_TRI = 30 | gold_BAH = 12 | silver_BAH = 14 | bronze_BAH = 14 | gold_CMR = 12 | silver_CMR = 13 | bronze_CMR = 20 | gold_NRU = 10 | silver_NRU = 11 | bronze_NRU = 12 | gold_SAM = 7 | silver_SAM = 13 | bronze_SAM = 11 | gold_ZIM = 6 | silver_ZIM = 9 | bronze_ZIM = 14 | name_ZIM = ''{{flagCGF|ZIM}}'' | note_ZIM = {{ref|b|[b]}} | gold_TAN = 6 | silver_TAN = 7 | bronze_TAN = 11 | gold_ZAM = 5 | silver_ZAM = 13 | bronze_ZAM = 26 | note_ZAM = {{ref|c|[c]}} | gold_SRI = 5 | silver_SRI = 10 | bronze_SRI = 11 | note_SRI = {{ref|d|[d]}} | gold_PNG = 5 | silver_PNG = 8 | bronze_PNG = 3 | gold_FIJ = 5 | silver_FIJ = 7 | bronze_FIJ = 13 | gold_BOT = 5 | silver_BOT = 6 | bronze_BOT = 8 | gold_NAM = 5 | silver_NAM = 5 | bronze_NAM = 17 | gold_HKG = 5 | silver_HKG = 2 | bronze_HKG = 10 | name_HKG = ''{{flagCGF|HKG}}'' | gold_GUY = 4 | silver_GUY = 6 | bronze_GUY = 6 | note_GUY = {{ref|e|[e]}} | gold_IOM = 4 | silver_IOM = 3 | bronze_IOM = 7 | gold_GRN = 4 | silver_GRN = 2 | bronze_GRN = 2 | gold_BAR = 3 | silver_BAR = 5 | bronze_BAR = 8 | gold_BER = 3 | silver_BER = 2 | bronze_BER = 4 | gold_IVB = 3 | silver_IVB = 0 | bronze_IVB = 0 | gold_MRI = 2 | silver_MRI = 11 | bronze_MRI = 9 | gold_BAN = 2 | silver_BAN = 4 | bronze_BAN = 2 | gold_MOZ = 2 | silver_MOZ = 4 | bronze_MOZ = 3 | gold_JER = 2 | silver_JER = 1 | bronze_JER = 3 | gold_SVG = 2 | silver_SVG = 0 | bronze_SVG = 1 | gold_GUE = 1 | silver_GUE = 5 | bronze_GUE = 3 | gold_DMA = 1 | silver_DMA = 2 | bronze_DMA = 1 | gold_LES = 1 | silver_LES = 1 | bronze_LES = 3 | gold_LCA = 1 | silver_LCA = 1 | bronze_LCA = 3 | gold_CAY = 1 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1 | gold_KIR = 1 | silver_KIR = 0 | bronze_KIR = 0 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0 | gold_SEY = 0 | silver_SEY = 3 | bronze_SEY = 4 | gold_FRN = 0 | silver_FRN = 2 | bronze_FRN = 5 | name_FRN = ''{{flagCGF|FRN}}'' | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 1 | bronze_MLT = 7 | gold_SWZ = 0 | silver_SWZ = 1 | bronze_SWZ = 3 |note_SWZ = {{ref|f|[f]}} | gold_GAM = 0 | silver_GAM = 1 | bronze_GAM = 2 | gold_IRE = 0 | silver_IRE = 1 | bronze_IRE = 0 | name_IRE = ''{{flagCGF|IRE}}'' | gold_TON = 0 | silver_TON = 0 | bronze_TON = 4 | gold_MAW = 0 | silver_MAW = 0 | bronze_MAW = 3 | gold_NFI = 0 | silver_NFI = 0 | bronze_NFI = 3 | gold_VAN = 0 | silver_VAN = 0 | bronze_VAN = 3 | gold_COK = 0 | silver_COK = 0 | bronze_COK = 1 | gold_NIU = 0 | silver_NIU = 0 | bronze_NIU = 1 | gold_SOL = 0 | silver_SOL = 0 | bronze_SOL = 1 | gold_GAB = 0 | silver_GAB = 0 | bronze_GAB = 1 | gold_RWA = 0 | silver_RWA = 0 | bronze_RWA = 1 | gold_TUV = 0 | silver_TUV = 0 | bronze_TUV = 1 }} *<small>{{note|a|[a]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Ghana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|GCO}}</small> *<small>{{note|b|[b]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zimbabwe]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|SRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|c|[c]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zambia]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|NRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|d|[d]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Sri Lanka]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|CEY}}</small> *<small>{{note|e|[e]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Guyana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|BGU}}</small> *<small>{{note|f|[f]}} Swaziland ta sauya sunanta zuwa [[Eswatini]]</small> ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Commonwealth Games Federation symbol (2019- Till Date).svg|30px]] '''Teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth [[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table|a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1930 Commonwealth Games|1930]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1934 Commonwealth Games|1934]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1938 Commonwealth Games|1938]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1950 Commonwealth Games|1950]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1954 Commonwealth Games|1954]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1958 Commonwealth Games|1958]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1962 Commonwealth Games|1962]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1974 Commonwealth Games|1974]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1978 Commonwealth Games|1978]]: {{flag|Canada}} * [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2006 Commonwealth Games medal table|2006]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2010 Commonwealth Games medal table|2010]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2014 Commonwealth Games medal table|2014]]: {{flag|England}} * [[2018 Commonwealth Games medal table|2018]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2022 Commonwealth Games medal table|2022]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2026 Commonwealth Games medal table|2026]]: {{flag|Australia}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} == Wasannin Commonwealth == Sabanin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni, Wasannin Commonwealth suna da tsarin wasanni mai sassauci wanda ke mutunta ababen more rayuwa da bukatun birnin da ya karbi bakuncin. Hakanan ana bayyana wannan a cikin kwanakin gudanarwa, wadanda za su iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin sararin samaniya na kowane birni mai karbar bakunci. Saboda haka, tsarin kowane gudanarwa ya bambanta. Tsakanin 1930 da 1994, wasannin mutum daya kawai ne suka kasance bangaren tsarin kuma sai a shekara ta 1998 aka ba da izinin kara wasannin kungiya. Ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane gudanarwa tun daga lokacin don samun jerin wasanni na tilas guda bakwai zuwa goma wadanda dole ne a buga su a wannan gudanarwa kuma dole ne a amince da su shekaru 4 a gaba. Don haka, karancin adadin wasanni a kowane gudanarwa shi ne 10 kuma mafi yawa shi ne 17. Duk da haka, bukatun gida na iya kara adadin wasannin da ake gwada sa'a a kansu. Mafi shahararru sun hada da kokawa ta 'yanci a Delhi 2010 da wasan kwalallon raga na rairayi a Gold Coast 2018. Za kuma a iya yin wasu kebantattun kebance-kebance, kamar wanda aka yi a gudanarwa ta karshe da aka yi a Birmingham, Ingila, inda aka kara sauran wasanni 3 na daban a cikin tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Commonwealth Games Charter|website=thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Dokokin na yanzu kuma suna kayyade daidaiton jinsi, inda maza da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gudanarwar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|title=Level playing field for women at 2018 Commonwealth Games|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=7 October 2016|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009205111/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|title=Gold Coast 2018 to offer same amount of medals for men and women after seven events added|last1=McKay|first1=Duncan|date=7 October 2016|website=Insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=7 October 2016|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034918/http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita ba ta musamman ga Wasannin 2026, yayin da Glasgow ta karbi bakunci a matsayin gaggawa. Sakamakon haka, tsarin zai kunshi wasanni 10 kawai—mafi karancin adadi tun daga Wasannin 1994:<ref name="BBCSportsOct24">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o|title=Sports announced for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games |first1=Megan |last1=Bonar |first2=Jonathan |last2=Geddes |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117144915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o |archive-date=17 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akwai jimillar wasanni 23 (tare da wasannin fannoni daban-daban guda uku) da Wasannin Para guda goma wadanda Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta amince da su. {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Harbin Kibiya |Muhu |1982, 2010 |- |Wasannin Motsa Jiki (Athletics) |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para Athletics |Muhu |1994, 2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead>{{cite web|url =https://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title = Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD)|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223559/https://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |- |Badminton |Na Zabi |1966–2022 |- |Kwallon Kwando | |2006, 2018 |- |Kwallon Kwando 3x3 |Na Zabi |2022–yanzu |- |Damben Boksin |Na Zabi |1930–yanzu |- |Kurriket |Na Zabi |1998, 2022 |- |Keken Tsauni (Mountain Bike) |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports>{{cite web|url = https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|title = Sports Programme|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223656/https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |2002–2006, 2014–yanzu |- |Keke na Para Track |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |2014–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Hanyar Mota |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1938–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Filin Wasa |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1934–yanzu |- |Ninkaya ta Tsalle (Diving) |Na Zabi |1930–2022 |- |Hoki |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Jimnastik ta Fasaha |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–yanzu |- |Jimnastik ta Rhythmic |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–1998, 2006–yanzu |- |Judo |Na Zabi |1990, 2002, 2014 (Na Zabi), 2022-yanzu |- |Lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1930–1962, 1970–yanzu |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Para lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1994, 2002, 2014–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Netball (Mata) |Na Zabi |1998–yanzu |- |Daukar Nauyi ta Powerlifting |Na Zabi |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Rugby sevens |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Harbin Bindiga |Na Zabi |1966, 1974–2018 |- |Squash |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Ninkaya |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para ninkaya |Muhu |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Kwallon Tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Para kwallon tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Triathlon |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2006, 2014–2022 |- |Kwallon Raga (Rairayi) |Na Zabi |2018–2022 |- |Daukar Nauyi (Weightlifting) |Na Zabi |1950–yanzu |- |Kokawa ('Yanci) |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |} |} A shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yarda da manyan take-take a tsarin wanda ya kara adadin muhimman wasanni, yayin da aka cire wasu na zabi, wadanda aka cire an jera su a kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|title=Commonwealth Games transformed to attract aspiring cities|date=2 April 2015|last=Avison|first=Ben|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223534/http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa (Canoeing) |Na Zabi |Taba<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|title=Canoeing closer to being a full-medal event|publisher=Commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com|date=11 June 2010|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125164430/http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Bunkasa (Rowing) |Na Zabi |1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Katako (Sailing) |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Softball |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Ninkaya ta Tare (Synchronised swimming) |Na Zabi |Muhu tsakanin 1986 da 2006 |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Taekwondo |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Wasan Tenis |Na Zabi |2010 |- |Ten-pin bowling |Na Zabi |1998 |- |Kokawa (Greco-Roman) |Na Zabi |2010 |} |} Wasanni irin su wadannan wasanni ne da Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yi nazari a kansu amma wadanda ake ganin suna bukatar fadada su a fannoni kamar matakan shiga tsakani a cikin Commonwealth ko a matakin kasa (Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa) da matakin wasannin motsa jiki na tushe, Fannin Kasuwanci, Haqqoqin Gidan Tabiijin, Daidaito, da Kudade Karbar Bakunci, bisa ga Doka ta 6 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Wasannin Commonwealth;<ref name="CGFConstitutionRegulation6">[https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|date=13 July 2019}}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 27 July 2022.</ref> kasashe masu karbar bakunci ba za su iya zabar wadannan wasannin don tsarin su ba har sai an cika bukatun Hukumar.<ref name=Sports>[http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ Sports Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502101439/http://www.thecgf.com/sports/|date=2 May 2013 }}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 4 June 2016.</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Billiards |An Amince |Taba |- |Wasan Takobi (Fencing) |An Amince |1950–1970 |- |Kwallon Kafa |An Amince |Taba |- |Golf |An Amince |2026 |- |Handball |An Amince |Taba |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Ceto Rai (Life saving) |An Amince |Taba |- |Rugby league |An Amince |Taba |- |Kwallon Raga (Cikin gida) |An Amince |Taba |- |Water Polo |An Amince |1950 |- |} |} == Kasashen da ke halarta == Kungiyoyi guda shida kacal ne suka halarci kowane gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth: Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila, New Zealand, Scotland, da Wales. Ostiraliya ita ce kungiyar da ta fi samun maki mafi tsayi a wasanni guda goma sha uku, Ingila guda bakwai, Kanada kuma guda daya. [[File:Commonwealth Games years participants.PNG|upright=2.75|thumb|alt=Wuraren da aka gudanar da wasannin, da kasashen da suka halarta| {{legend2|#9966cc|Kasashen da suka karbi bakunci, ko ke shirin karbar bakuncin lamarin|border=solid 1px#AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#d45c4c|Sauran kasashen da ke shiga wasannin|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#54e464|Kasashen da suka taba shiga wasannin amma a yanzu ba sa yi|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{0}}'''•'''<span style="margin:0; font-size:90%;">{{0}} Biranen da suka karbi bakunci da shekarar gudanar da wasannin</span>|center]] {{Cleanup section|date=June 2025|reason=Kasancewar teburin a rushe kyakkyawan tunani ne, amma yana bukatar gyara daga wanda ya fahimci tsarin.}} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em auto;" |- ! colspan=24|Teburin Halartar Kungiyoyi ta Banbancin Gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth |- ! rowspan="6" style="background:#cedaf2;"|Kungiya !Gudanarwa |I |II |III |IV |V |VI |VII |VIII |IX |X |XI |XII |XIII |XIV |XV |XVI |XVII |XVIII |XIX |XX |XXI |XXII |- ! Shekara |1930 |1934 |1938 |1950 |1954 |1958 |1962 |1966 |1970 |1974 |1978 |1982 |1986 |1990 |1994 |1998 |2002 |2006 |2010 |2014 |2018 2022 ! Tutar Mai Masaukin Baki {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon - ! Birnin mai masaukin baki Hamilton, Ontario London Sydney Auckland Vancouver Cardiff Perth Kingston, Jamaica Edinburgh Christchurch Edmonton Brisbane Edinburgh Auckland Victoria, British Columbia Kuala Lumpur Manchester Melbourne Delhi Glasgow Gold Coast, Queensland Birmingham - ! Halartar \ Kasa mai masaukin baki Kanada Ingila Ostiraliya New Zealand Kanada Wales Ostiraliya Jamaica Scotland New Zealand Kanada Ostiraliya Scotland New Zealand Kanada Malaysia Ingila Ostiraliya Indiya Scotland Ostiraliya Ingila - ! colspan=23 - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - 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align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:light" |} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{flag|Aden}}{{efn|name=n1|Aden daga baya ta koma Larabawa ta Kudu a shekara ta 1963 kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 1967.}}||1962 |- |{{AIA}}{{efn|name=n2|Anguilla ta ware gabataki daya daga Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla a shekara ta 1980 kuma sauran Saint Kitts da Nevis suka samu yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1983.}}||1998– |- |{{ANZ}}||1911 |- |{{ATG}}||1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{AUS}}||1930– |- |{{BHS}}||1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{BGD}}||1978, 1990– |- |{{BRB}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BLZ}}{{efn|name=n4|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Honduras suna zuwa Belize a shekara ta 1973.}}||1978, 1994– |- |{{BMU}}||1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BWA}}||1974, 1982– |- |{{flag|British Guiana}}{{efn|name=n3|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Guiana suna zuwa Guyana a shekara ta 1966.}}||1930–1938, 1954–1962 |- |{{flag|British Honduras}}{{efn|name=n4}}||1962–1966 |- |{{VGB}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||1990– |- |{{CMR}}||1998– |- |{{CAN}}||1911, 1930– |- |{{CYM}}||1978– |- |{{flag|Ceylon}}{{efn|name=n5|An sauya wa Ceylon suna zuwa Sri Lanka a shekara ta 1972.}}||1938–1950, 1958–1970 |- |{{COK}}||1974–1978, 1986– |- |{{CYP}}||1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{DMA}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |- |{{ENG}}||1930– |- |{{SWZ}}||2022– |- |{{FLK}}||1982– |- |{{FJI}}{{efn|name=n6|An sake dakatar da Fiji daga Commonwealth da Wasannin 2010 a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10594683">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|title=Fiji suspended from Commonwealth|date=2 September 2009|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214100247/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|archive-date=14 February 2012|url-status=live }}</ref> An janye dakatarwar da aka yi wa Fiji daga Commonwealth a kan lokaci gabanin Wasannin 2014 biyo bayan zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Maris na 2014.}}||1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |- |{{GAB}}||2026– |- |{{GMB}}{{efn|name=n7|Gambia ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2013, amma ta sake komawa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2018; an sake karbar Gambia zuwa Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth a watan Maris na 2018.}}||1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |- |{{GHA}}{{efn|name=n8|An sauya wa Gold Coast (kasa mai mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya) suna zuwa Ghana a shekara ta 1957.}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{GIB}}||1958– |- |{{flag|Gold Coast}}{{efn|name=n8}}||1954 |- |{{GRD}}||1970–1982, 1998– |- |{{GGY}}{{efn|name=n9|Har da Tsibirai na makwabtaka.}}||1970– |- |{{GUY}}{{efn|name=n3}}||1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|British Hong Kong|1959|name=Hong Kong}}{{efn|name=n10|Hong Kong ba ta taba zamowa mamban Commonwealth ba amma ta kasance yanki na wata kasa ta Commonwealth; ta daina kasancewa a Commonwealth lokacin da aka mika yankin zuwa China a shekara ta 1997.}}||1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |- |{{IND}}||1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{flagdeco|Leinster}} Ireland{{efn|name=n11|An wakilci Ireland a matsayin kungiya guda daga tsibirin baki daya a shekara ta 1930, kuma ta kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda ke wakiltar Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci, da Ireland ta Arewa a shekara ta 1934. An sauya wa Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci suna a hukumance zuwa Éire a shekara ta 1937 amma ba ta halarci Wasannin 1938 ba, kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth lokacin da ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1949.}}{{efn|name=n12|Kayan hotuna na wancan lokacin suna nuna Tutar Kore da aka yi amfani da ita ga kungiyar Ireland.}}||1930 |- |{{flag|Irish Free State}}{{efn|name=n11}}||1934 |- |{{IMN}}||1958– |- |{{JAM}}||1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{JEY}}{{efn|name=n9}}||1958– |- |{{KEN}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{KIR}}||1998– |- |{{LSO}}||1974– |- |{{MWI}}||1970– |- |{{flag|Malaya}}{{efn|name=n13|Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak da Singapore sun haɗu a matsayin Malaysia a shekara ta 1963. An kori Singapore daga tarayyar a shekara ta 1965, ta zama kasa mai 'yancin kanta.}}||1950, 1958–1962 |- |{{MYS}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{MDV}}{{efn|name=n14|Maldives ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|date=14 October 2016|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|title=Maldives set to miss Gold Coast 2018 after resigning from Commonwealth|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017014931/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> amma an sake karberta a shekara ta 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1097892/maldives-commonwealth-games-rejoined|title=Maldives readmitted as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|last=Palmer|first=Dan|date=31 August 2020|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=|access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|title=Maldives re-joins as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|website=thecgf.com|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF)|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413112835/https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}||1986–2014, 2022– |- |{{MLT}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{MUS}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{MSR}}||1994– |- |{{MOZ}}||1998– |- |{{NAM}}||1994– |- |{{NRU}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Newfoundland}}{{efn|name=n15|Newfoundland ta koma karkashin Kanada a shekara ta 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of Union|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live }}</ref>}}||1930–1934 |- |{{NZL}}||1930– |- |{{NGA}}||1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |- |{{NIU}}||2002– |- |{{NFK}}||1986–<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|title=Norfolk Island|website=Gold Coast 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games|access-date=16 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205144938/https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|archive-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} North Borneo{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{NIR}}{{efn|name=n11}}{{efn|name=n16|Ulster Banner ta kasance tutar tsohuwar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa ne kawai tsakanin shekarun 1953 da 1972, amma ana daukar tutar a matsayin tutar Ireland ta Arewa tun daga shekara ta 1924 tsakanin 'yan kungiyar haɗin kai da 'yan amincin Ulster. Ulster Banner ita ce tutar wasanni ta Ireland ta Arewa a sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni kamar Kofin Duniya na FIFA da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Wasan Raga na FIVB.}}||1934–1938, 1954– |- |{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18|Rhodesia ta Kudu da Rhodesia ta Arewa sun yi gasa daban-daban a shekarun 1954 da 1958 yayin da dukansu biyu ke zaman bangare na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland.}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1954–1958 |- |{{PAK}}||1954–1970, 1990– |- |{{PNG}}||1962–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1962 |- |{{RWA}}||2010– |- |{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1978 |- |{{flag|Saint Helena}}{{efn|name=n19|A karkashin sunan "Saint Helena" a Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Commonwealth Countries|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063259/http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun kasance yankunan da ke karkashin Saint Helena, saboda haka ana kiran yankin a hukumance "Saint Helena da Yankunanta" har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Saint Helena, Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun zama madaidaitan sassa na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha a shekara ta 2009.}}||1982, 1998– |- |{{SKN}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1990– |- |{{LCA}}||1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{VCT}}||1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |- |{{SAM}}{{efn|name=n20}}||1998– |- |{{flagicon|Crown Colony of Sarawak}} Sarawak{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{SCO}}||1930– |- |{{SYC}}||1990– |- |{{SLE}}||1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |- |{{SGP}}{{efn|name=n13}}||1958– |- |{{SLB}}||1982, 1990– |- |{{ZAF}}||1911–1958, 1994– |- |{{flag|South Arabia}}{{efn|name=n1}}||1966 |- |{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1934–1958 |- |{{LKA}}||1974–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}{{efn|name=n24}}||1970–2018 |- |{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}}{{efn|name=n21|Zanzibar da Tanganyika sun haɗu don kafa Tanzania a shekara ta 1964.}}||1962 |- |{{TZA}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{TOG}}||2026– |- |{{TON}}||1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{TTO}}||1934–1982, 1990– |- |{{TCA}}||1978, 1998– |- |{{TUV}}||2002– |- |{{UGA}}||1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{GBR}}||1911{{efn|name=n23|Birtaniya ce ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Cikin Empaya a shekara ta 1911. An gudanar da wannan lamarin kafin gudanarwa ta farko ta Wasannin da aka yi a Hamilton, Kanada a shekara ta 1930.}} |- |{{VUT}}||1982– |- |{{WAL}}||1930– |- |{{flag|Western Samoa}}{{efn|name=n20|An sauya wa Samoa ta Yamma suna zuwa Samoa a shekara ta 1997.}}||1974–1994 |- |{{ZMB}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1970–1982, 1990– |- |{{ZWE}}{{efn|name=n22|Zimbabwe ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2003.}}||1982, 1990–2002 |} |} === Kasashen Commonwealth da ba su tura kungiyoyi ba tukuna === Kadan ne kawai daga cikin kasashen Commonwealth da yankunanta ba su taba shiga tsakani ba tukuna:<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014">{{cite web|title=Associated & Overseas Territories|website=Commonwealth of Nations|date=14 April 2014|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921075014/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|title=Commonwealth Games Non-Participating Countries|website=topendsports.com|language=en|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203014/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McConnachie 2014">{{cite web|last=McConnachie|first=Alistair|title=Looking Towards the British Wealth in Common Games|website=A Force For Good|date=21 June 2014|url=https://www.aforceforgood.org.uk/games/bcw1#linkfour|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tokelau, yanki na New Zealand, ana saran za ta shiga a karon farko a Wasannin 2010 a Delhi amma ba ta yi hakan ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|title=Commonwealth Games 2010|accessdate=17 November 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020092950/http://commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|archivedate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an bayyana Tokelau a matsayin wadda ba ta dace da shiga Wasannin Commonwealth ba har sai ta kasance tana da alaƙa da aƙalla tarayya guda biyar na wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="RNZ 2018">{{cite web|title=Sport: Tokelau wrestling earns Commonwealth nod|website=RNZ |date=11 May 2018|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/357136/sport-tokelau-wrestling-earns-commonwealth-nod|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tsibirin Keresimasi da Tsibirin Cocos (Keeling), wadanda dukansu yankuna ne na waje na Ostiraliya kamar Tsibirin Norfolk, ba su tura nasu kungiyoyin ba tukuna. * Akrotiri da Dhekelia, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya da ke tsakiya a kewayen sansanonin sojin Birtaniya, ba ta tura nata kungiyar ba tukuna. * Tsibirin Pitcairn, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya, ba ya shiga saboda karancin yawan jama'a (kewaye da mutane 50).<ref name="Pitcairn">{{cite web|title=Pitcairn's Population|website=LibGuides at Pacific Union College|date=3 May 2021|url=https://puc.libguides.com/PISC-pitcairnpopulation|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Sauran yankuna masu jama'a da shiyyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin Commonwealth, kamar Alderney da Sark (bangare na Bailiwick na Guernsey), Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha (sassa na Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha), Nevis (bangaren tarayya na Tarayyar Saint Kitts da Nevis), Rodrigues (tsibiri na waje na Mauritius), da Zanzibar (bangaren da ke cin gashin kansa na Tanzania), ba a daukar su a matsayin guda biyu daban-daban ko yankunan ketare teku ta Commonwealth<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014"/> don haka ba su da damar samun cancanta. === 'Yan wasan da aka ki amincewa da su === Masu fafutuka daga lardin Ingila na Cornwall sun bukaci Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth da ta ba Cornwall damar shiga daban a Wasannin 2006, amma CGF ta ki amincewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa "Cornwall ba komai ba ce illa lardin Ingila" kuma ya ba 'yan wasan Cornwall shawarar da su yi gasa a kungiyar Ingila.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006">{{cite web|title=Cornish out of running for Games|website=BBC NEWS|date=2 January 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/4575246.stm|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Harris 2006">{{cite web|last=Harris|first=John|title=John Harris: Cornwall wants to be a part of Commonwealth Games|website=the Guardian|date=4 January 2006|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/04/johnharris.features11|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jam'iyyar siyasa ta Cornwall Mebyon Kernow ta nemi a ba kungiyar Cornwall damar shiga Wasannin 2022 amma ba ta samu nasara ba.<ref name="Hart 2022">{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Emma|title=Calls for Cornwall to be allowed to enter its own team at the next Commonwealth Games|website=Pirate FM|date=2 August 2022|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/pirate-fm/local/news/calls-for-cornwall-team-at-commonwealth-games/|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jamhuriyar Birtaniya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta nemi shiga Wasannin 2006, amma an ki amincewa da ita saboda karancin amincewa daga kasashen duniya.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006"/> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == === Kwangilar birnin da zai karbi bakunci === Wasannin Empaya na Birtaniya na 1934, wadanda aka amince a shekara ta 1930 za a gudanar a Johannesburg, an mayar da su London bayan gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta lokacin kafin wariyar launin fata (apartheid) ta ki amincewa da halartar 'yan wasa masu launin fata.<ref name="Gorman2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DlxTDEIaYC&pg=PA170|title=The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s|last=Gorman|first=Daniel|date=31 July 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107021136|page=170|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> An fara ba Durban damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2015, a Babban Taron CGF a Auckland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban confirmed as 2022 host city|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804195951/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An ruwaito a watan Fabrairu na 2017 cewa Durban ba za ta iya karbar bakuncin wasannin ba saboda karancin kudi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2017, CGF ta janye hakkin karbar bakuncin daga Durban sannan ta sake bude tsarin neman neman karbar bakunci na wasannin 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban, South Africa will not host Games in 2022|date=13 March 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204162108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Birane da dama daga Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila da Malaysia sun nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin wasannin. Sai dai, CGF ta samu bukata guda daya tak a hukumance wadda ta fito daga Birmingham, Ingila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Birmingham only bidder for event|date=30 September 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201195548/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2017, an ba Birmingham damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin 2022 a matsayin mai karbar bakunci na gurbi Durban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|title=Birmingham officially named as 2022 Commonwealth Games host city|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=21 December 2017|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184516/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An zabi hadakar bukata daga birane 6 na jihar Victoria a Ostiraliya don karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Dan Andrews ya sanar cewa jihar ta janye daga karbar bakuncin taron saboda karuwa mai tarin yawa a kiyasin kudin taron. Kiyasin farko na kudin ya kasance kusan Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 2.6, amma sabbin kiyasoshi na nuna kudin zai iya kaiwa kusa da Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 6 zuwa 7.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pender|first=Kieran|date=18 July 2023|title=Does Victoria's 2026 cancellation sound Commonwealth Games death knell?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/18/commonwealth-games-2026-cancellation-will-it-return-victoria|access-date=6 August 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, gwamnatin jihar Victoria ta sanar da cewa ta soke shirinta na karbar bakuncin wasannin, ta hanyar kawo hujjar karuwar kiyasin kudaden da ake tsammanin kashewa idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Ba tare da samun birnin da zai karbi bakunci ba, akwai yandancin cewa za a daga wasannin zuwa shekarar 2027 ko kuma soke su gabataki daya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=17 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Costs Too High At Over $6 Billion {{!}} Premier of Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/commonwealth-games-costs-too-high-over-6-billion|access-date=18 July 2023|website=www.premier.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":CancelledGuardian">{{Cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Karp|first2=Cait|last2=Kelly|first3=Adeshola|last3=Ore|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/18/australia-commonwealth-games-2026-victoria-cancels-event-after-costs-blow-out-to-7bn|title =Australia Commonwealth Games 2026: Victoria cancels event after costs blow out to $7bn|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 July 2023|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, an sanar cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasannin na 2026 a Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko | title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 | date=17 September 2024 }}</ref> === Yajin aiki / Yoyikoti === Kamar dai Wasannin Olympic, Wasannin Commonwealth ma sun fuskanci yajin aikin kin halarta (boycott): Nijeriya ta gudanar da yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin Commonwealth na 1978 a Edmonton domin nuna zanga-zangar nuna adawa da huldar wasanni ta New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Uganda ma ta nisanta kanta, domin adawa da zargin kiyayyar Kanada ga gwamnatin Idi Amin.<ref name="MacintoshHawes1994"/><ref name="Edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – 1978 Commonwealth Games – Introduction|website=thecgf.com|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414194244/http://thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|archive-date=14 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:1986 Commonwealth Games (Edinburgh) boycotting countries (red).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin 1986 an yi musu fentin ja|alt=|300x300px]] A lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 a Edinburgh, mafi yawancin kasashen Commonwealth sun yi yajin aikin kin halarta, wanda ya sa Wasannin suka kasance tamkar na fararen fata kawai. Kasashe talatin da biyu daga cikin hamsin da tara da suka dace su shiga—mafi yawansu kasashen Afirka, Asiya da Karibiyan—sun nisanta kansu saboda manufar gwamnatin Thatcher na ci gaba da rike huldar wasanni ta Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata a maimakon shiga cikin yajin aikin kin gudanar da wasanni na gaba daya da kasar. Sakamakon haka, Edinburgh 1986 ta shaida mafi karancin adadin 'yan wasa tun bayan Auckland 1950.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Degun |first1=Tom |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|title=Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed &#124; Glasgow 2014|work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |date=29 February 2012|publisher=insidethegames.biz|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811024929/http://insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin sun hada da Antigua da Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, Indiya, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nijeriya, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tsibirin Solomon, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts da Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad da Tobago, Tanzania, Tsibirin Turks da Caicos, Uganda, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-20-mn-17233-story.html|title=8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23|agency=Reuters|date=20 July 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010750/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-20/news/mn-17233_1_commonwealth-games|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bermuda ta kasance mai janye jiki a makare, domin 'yan wasanta sun bayyana a bikin bude taron da kuma ranar farko ta gasar kafin Kungiyar Olympic ta Bermuda ta yanke shawarar janye jiki a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Graham|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27165110|title=Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111114123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/27165110|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Zanga-zanga === Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane sun gudana ne a tsakiyar gudanar da zanga-zanga mai dimbin yawa domin kare hakkin 'Yan Aborigina na Ostiraliya. Gwamnatin jihar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta Joh Bjelke-Petersen ta fuskanci kalubale akai-akai daga Majalisar 'Yancin Bil-Adama ta Queensland game da takunkumin da ta kakaba wa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga. Gwamnatin Queensland ba ta amince da hakkin filaye na 'Yan Aborigina ba. Haka kuma Queensland ta gindaya gagarumar takunkumi na shari'a a kan Aborigina ta hanyar "Aboriginal Act 1971". Lalubawan 'Yan Aborigina da suka hada da Gary Foley sun tsara zanga-zangar bil-adama a Brisbane a lokacin makon wasannin, wanda aka lakaba wa suna "Stolenwealth Games". A matsayin martani, Queensland ta kafa dokar "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" don sa takunkumi ga zanga-zanga a cikin ko kusa da wurin da ake gudanar da taron. Lokacin da fafutukawan 'Yan Aborigina da masu goyon bayan su suka gabatar da jerin gwano duk da haka, an kame daruruwan mutane. An dauki hotuna da bidiyon zanga-zangar a cikin shirin gaskiya na ''Guniwaya Ngigu''. Sauran zanga-zangar "Stolenwealth Games" sun sake aukuwa a lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a Melbourne da kuma Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite news|last= Latimore|first= Jack|date= 9 April 2018|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|work= Guardian, The|location=|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> == Tasirin kudi == Kudurin kiyasi na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi ya kasance Dalar Amurka biliyan 11, a cewar mujallar ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation|agency=Associated Press|date=25 April 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921204444/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|archive-date=21 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafin wannan, kiyasin farko na majalisar gudanarwa ta Wasannin Olympic ta Indiya a shekara ta 2003 ya kasance Dalar Amurka miliyan 250. Amma a shekara ta 2010, kasafin kudin a hukumance ya haura zuwa kusan Dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8, adadin da bai hada da kudaden gina ayyukan rage radadi da na bunkasa ababen more rayuwa wadanda basu da alaka da wasanni ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20100816-payoffs-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg-743744-2010-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/108072/Sport/payoffs-&-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg.html|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2010|title=Payoffs & bribes cast a shadow on CWG: Sport : India Today|author1=Ravi Shankar|author2=Mihir Srivastava|date=7 August 2010|work=India Today|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 an ruwaito su a matsayin Wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada da aka taba gudanarwa.<ref>Melbourne 2006</ref> Wani bincike da kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers ya gudanar a kan Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006, 2014 da kuma 2018 ya nuna cewa duk dalar Amurka guda daya da gwamnatoci suka kashe kan kudaden gudanarwa, wuraren gudanar da wasanni da sansanin 'yan wasa, ta samar da Dalar Amurka 2 ga tattalin arzikin birnin da ya karbi bakunci ko jiha, tare da matsakaicin samar da guraben aiki fiye da 18,000 sakamakon kowace gasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=New report reveals Commonwealth Games consistently provides over £1 billion boost for host cities|url=https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216122417/https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Value Framework|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Har ila yau, dukkan birane hudu sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa na sufuri ko sauran ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar karbar bakuncin Wasannin, yayin da wasu kuma suka amfana daga farfado da yankuna da suka kasance a baya suna fuskantar kalubale.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|title=Games can deliver gold for Victoria's economy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/games-can-deliver-gold-for-victoria-s-economy-20220216-p59wxa.html|website=The Age|date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Wani bincike da Ernst & Young suka gudanar ya gano cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 sun samar da tasirin tattalin arziki da aka kiyasta kaiwa Dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, yayin da wuraren da aka gina ko aka inganta don Wasannin sun samar da amfanin tattalin arziki na fiye da Dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a shekara ga Gold Coast. Nasarar Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 an yaba mata wajen taimakawa birnin Brisbane samun hakkin karbar bakuncin Wasannin Olympic na Damina na 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=GC2018 Legacy: Beyond the Games report 2024|url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/eed229fa-e623-4cf1-b0f2-0cb0298e4b52/gc2018-legacy-report-2024.pdf?ETag=f1909b86222ff20de6d678c3e58fffd4|publisher=Ernst & Young|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierce|first1=Jeremy|title=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games worth $300m so far: report|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/qld-politics/gold-coast-2018-commonwealth-games-worth-300m-so-far-report/news-story/17b82ff1df2be1d78ddd705c86f2ad86|website=The Courier Mail|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa shahararru == Mai wasan Lawn Bowl Willie Wood daga Scotland shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya shiga Wasannin Commonwealth guda bakwai, tun daga 1974 zuwa 2002, wani mizani da dan tseren keke Andrew Roche daga tsibirin Isle of Man ya daidaita a shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/26985985|title=Glasgow 2014: Mark Cavendish relishes idea of racing with mates|date=10 May 2014|access-date=10 May 2014|newspaper=BBC Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/26985985|archive-date=11 May 2014|url-status=live }}</ref> Dukansu gaba daya David Calvert daga Arewacin Ireland ya tsere musu, wanda a shekara ta 2018 ya halarci wasanninsa na 11.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: TeamNI announced for Gold Coast 2018|url=https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|access-date=4 January 2018|work=Portadown Times|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180313/https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sitiveni Rabuka ya kasance Firayim Ministan Fiji. Kafin sannan, ya wakilci Fiji a wasannin jifan nauyi (shot put da hammer throw), jifan faifai (discus) da kuma decathlon a Wasannin Empaya da Commonwealth na Birtaniya na 1974 da aka gudanar a Christchurch, New Zealand. Greg Yelavich, dan harbe-harbe na wasanni daga New Zealand, ya lashe lambobin yabo 12 a wasanni bakwai tun daga 1986 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Greg Yelavich Olympic success">{{cite web|title=Greg Yelavich|url=https://olympic.org.nz/athletes/greg-yelavich|website=New Zealand Olympic Team|access-date=22 July 2020|language=en|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Dan wasan Lawn Bowl Robert Weale ya wakilci Wales a Wasannin Commonwealth guda 8, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 2014, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare 2, azurfa 3 da kuma tagulla 1.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Weale's Commonwealth Games memories|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27973271|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Mai daukar nauyi na Nauru Marcus Stephen ya lashe lambobin yabo goma sha biyu a Wasannin tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da 2002, inda bakwai daga ciki na zinare ne, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasar Nauru a shekara ta 2007. Wannan nasara tasa ta taimaka wajen sanya Nauru (kasa mafi kankanta mai zaman kanta a Commonwealth, mai murabba'in kilomita 21 da yawan jama'a kasa da 9,400 a shekara ta 2011) a matsayi na ashirin da biyu a saman teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth na kowane lokaci.<ref>August 2019</ref> Mai iyo na Ostiraliya Ian Thorpe ya lashe lambobin zinare 10 da na azurfa 1 a Wasannin Commonwealth. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 a Kuala Lumpur, ya lashe lambobin zinare 4. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, ya lashe lambobin zinare 6 da azurfa 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Inspiring Athletes – Commonwealth Legend|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124937/http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chad le Clos, mai iyo mafi samun lambobin yabo a Afirka ta Kudu, ya lashe lambobin yabo 18 daga Wasannin Commonwealth hudu (2010, 2014, 2018 da 2022), wadanda bakwai daga ciki zinare ne. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu, azurfa guda daya da kuma tagulla guda hudu.<ref>"Chad le Clos stars at Commonwealth Games with record 7 medals". ''News24''. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast, ya lashe zinare uku, azurfa daya da tagulla daya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|title=About Me – Chad Le Clos|work=Chad Le Clos|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105611/http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Jason Statham ya shiga a matsayin mai tsalle ruwa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Jason Statham participated in the 1990 Commonwealth Games|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|website=The Indian Express|author=Shivangi Jalan|date=4 April 2018|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, mawakin Ostiraliya Cody Simpson ya lashe lambar zinare a matsayin mai iyo a tseren gudun maza na ninkaya mai nisan mita 4 × 100 freestyle relay da kuma lambar azurfa a tseren maza na 4 × 100 metre medley relay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsay|first1=George|title=Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=1 August 2022|work=CNN|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Niue Dalton Tagelagi ya fafata a wasan lawn bowls a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 yana kan mukaminsa na mulki,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |title=Dalton Emani Makamau TAGELAGI |publisher=Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games |date= |accessdate=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084456/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |url-status=live }}</ref> sannan kuma ya riga ya fafata a shekarar 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |title=Dalton Tagelagi |publisher=G2014results.thecgf.com |accessdate=30 April 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |title=Dalton TAGELAGI |publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation |date= |accessdate=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611031031/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |url-status=dead }}.</ref> == Daukar hoto da watsa labarai == Gidan talabijin na BBC shi ne babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen tun daga 1954 zuwa 2022 in ban da fitotoci hudu na farko a shekarun 1930, 1934, 1938 da 1950. A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2025, an sanar da cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 a Glasgow za a nuna su kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na TNT Sports karon farko a matsayin talabijin mai biyan kudi maimakon a talabijin na kyauta. Tashar Channel 5 za ta gudanar da nuna taaitaccen labarai da abubuwan da suka faru a kullum na gasar shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} hn9z9fy90zjzq98g43xugf7232n2d7a 966091 966090 2026-10-11T07:49:57Z Nura Bello 24854 966091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Commonwealth''' {{Efn|Which also refers itself as the '''Comm Games'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder|url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|access-date=7 December 2022|website=Triple M|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allan|first=Steve|title=COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES {{!}} NBN News|url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/|access-date=7 December 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref>}} wani taron wasanni ne na duniya sau huɗu a shekara, wanda ke haɗa 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙungiyar gamayya ta ƙasashe]], wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mafi yawan tsoffin yankuna na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . An fara gudanar da taron a matsayin '''Gasar Daular Burtaniya''' a shekarar 1930, kuma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye da dama na sunaye, wanda ke nuna sauyin yanayin siyasa da kuma cire Daular daga mulkin mallaka a hankali. An san shi da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya har zuwa shekarar 1950, '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth''' har zuwa 1966, da '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya''' har zuwa 1974 . Tun daga shekarar 1978, an san taron a hukumance da Wasannin Commonwealth, wani suna da ke nuna asalinsa na zamani tare da ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Birtaniya. Ana kuma kiran wasannin da '''Wasannin Abokan Hulɗa''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Games |url=https://gc2018.com/history-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Wasannin, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wasannin wasanni da yawa da aka yi a wajen [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics na zamani]], sun jawo hankalin kai tsaye ga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar Jeux de la Francophonie da Wasannin Lusofonia na tsoffin yankunan Faransa da Portugal bi da bi. Hukumar Commonwealth Sport ce ke kula da wasannin, wadda ke tantance shirin wasanni da kuma bayar da 'yancin karbar bakuncin wasannin. Taron yana goyon bayan al'adunsa na musamman, kamar Baton Relay da kuma ɗaga tutar wasannin Commonwealth a bikin. An bambanta shi da sauran gasannin wasanni na duniya ta hanyar haɗakarsa da kuma gadonsa. An haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a matsayin cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma a cikin 2018, Wasannin sun zama gasar wasanni da yawa ta farko a duniya da ta bayar da lambobin yabo iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. Nan da shekarar 2022, abubuwan da mata ke yi sun fi na maza yawa a karon farko. Baya ga manyan wasannin Olympics, Wasannin Commonwealth sun haɗa da fannoni kamar ƙwallon raga, kwano na ciyawa da kuma squash, waɗanda ke da farin jini musamman a cikin Commonwealth. Asalin wasannin ya kasance a gasar zakarun Inter-Empire na 1911, tare da Melville Marks Robinson yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa wasannin farko na hukuma a Hamilton, Kanada. A tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth da Wasannin Paraplegic na Commonwealth da suka ɓace yanzu sun kara fadada shiga. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics da sauran wasannin duniya ba, wasannin Commonwealth suna ba da izinin wakilci daga Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth goma sha biyar waɗanda ba jihohi masu zaman kansu ba. Wadannan sun hada da kasashe huɗu na Ƙasar Ingila, Crown Dependencies, yankuna da yawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, Norfolk Island (Australia) da Niue (New Zealand). Musamman, duk da kasancewa marasa iko, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands da Cayman Islands an amince da su a matsayin Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na kasa masu zaman kansu ta Kwamitin Wasano na Duniya. Zuwa yanzu, birane ashirin a cikin ƙasashe tara ne suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin. [[Auckland]], [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]] sun karbi bakuncin gasar sau biyu. Ana gudanar da sabon bugu a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Glasgow]] a shekarar 2026. Da farko, an bai wa Victoria gasar Commonwealth ta 2026 a Ostiraliya, amma damuwar kuɗi ta sa jihar ta janye daga gasar. Daga baya, an tabbatar da Glasgow a matsayin birnin da zai maye gurbin wanda zai karbi bakuncin gasar. Wasannin da ake yi a yanzu sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai, inda suka ƙunshi wasanni goma kacal. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar sulhu, gwamnatin Victoria za ta samar da sama da fam miliyan 2 ga masu shirya gasar Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2024 |title=King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> An ba wa [[Ahmedabad]], Indiya, gasar wasannin Commonwealth ta 2030 (wanda zai kasance Wasannin XXIV da Wasannin Karni na 100). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == John Astley Cooper ne ya fara gabatar da gasar wasanni da ta haɗa membobin [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] a shekarar 1891, shekaru biyar kafin gasar Olympics ta zamani ta farko, wanda ya rubuta wasiƙu da muƙaloli ga jaridu da dama da ke nuna "Taron Pan Brittanic, Pan Anglican duk bayan shekaru huɗu a matsayin hanyar ƙara kyautatawa da fahimtar Daular Burtaniya." <ref name="ANETT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=J Astley Cooper |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> An kafa Kwamitin John Astley Cooper a Ostiraliya, [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don tallata wannan ra'ayi kuma ya zaburar da Pierre de Coubertin don fara ƙungiyar [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics]] ta duniya. A shekarar 1911, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Inter-Empire tare da bikin Daular, a Fadar Crystal da ke [[Landan]] don murnar naɗin George na Biyar, kuma Earl na Plymouth da Lord Desborough ne suka jagoranci gasar. Ƙungiyoyi daga Australasia (Ostiraliya da New Zealand), Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, da Birtaniya sun fafata a gasannin motsa jiki, dambe, iyo da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=GBR Athletics}}</ref> Kanada ta lashe gasar kuma an ba ta kofin azurfa (wanda Lord Lonsdale ya ba ta kyauta) wanda ya kasance {{Convert|2|ft|6|in|cm}}tsayin kuma yana da nauyin {{Convert|340|oz|kg}} . Wani wakilin ''Auckland Star'' ya soki Wasannin, yana mai kiransu "babban takaici" wanda "bai cancanci a ba shi taken 'Empire Sports' ba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 1911 |title=Empire Sports |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Papers Past}}</ref> Yayin da ake shirin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1928 a Amsterdam, babban jami'in ƙungiyar Amateur Athletic Union of Canada J. Howard Crocker ya yi magana da ɗan jarida Melville Marks Robinson na ''The Hamilton Spectator'', game da ɗaukar nauyin wani taron wasanni na duniya a Kanada. Robinson ya gabatar da shawara kuma ya yi kira da a dauki nauyin shirya gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya a Hamilton, Ontario, a shekarar 1930. <ref name="TOP">{{Cite web |title=History of the Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Daga nan Robinson ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan ƙungiyar 'yan wasan tsere ta Kanada a wasannin daular Burtaniya na 1930. <ref name="TOP" /> Duk da cewa akwai jihohi 56 masu ikon mallaka waɗanda suka kasance membobi na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashe, akwai ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth guda 74 masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=Commonwealth Sport}}</ref> An raba su zuwa yankuna shida (Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania) kuma kowannensu yana da irin wannan aiki da Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa dangane da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], NOCs ɗinsu suna ɗaukar ayyukan CGA. Gamayyar ƙungiyoyi shida ne kawai suka shiga kowace gasar Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] . Daga cikin waɗannan shida, Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada da New Zealand kowannensu ya lashe aƙalla lambar zinare ɗaya a kowace wasa. Ostiraliya ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a wasanni goma sha uku, Ingila ta yi wasanni bakwai, Kanada kuma ta yi wasa ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku kuma suna kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo na Gasar Commonwealth a wannan jerin. === Bugu-da-wane === ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya (1930–1950) ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1930 su ne na farko da aka fi sani da Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma an gudanar da su a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada daga 16 zuwa 23 ga Agusta 1930 kuma Lord Willingdon ya buɗe su. <ref name="H30">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]}}</ref> Kasashe goma sha ɗaya: Ostiraliya, [[Bermuda]], British Guyana, Kanada, Ingila, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], Newfoundland, New Zealand, [[Scotland]], Afirka ta Kudu da [[Wales]], sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 400 don yin gasa a wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, kwano, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. An gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki a filin wasa na Civic . <ref name="E30">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=1930 Empire Games |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> Kudin Wasannin ya kai dala $97,973. <ref name="E30" /> Mata sun fafata a gasar ruwa kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle sau uku na ƙasar Kanada Gordon Smallacombe ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko a tarihin wasannin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jamie Bradburn |date=21 July 2015 |title=The British Empire Games of 1930 |url=http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Torontoist.com}}</ref> [[File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya ta 1938 a filin wasan kurket na Sydney .]] Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1934 su ne na biyu a cikin wasannin Commonwealth da aka gudanar a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. Birnin da ya karbi bakuncin gasar shine Landan, inda babban wurin wasan yake a Wembley Park, duk da cewa an gudanar da gasar tseren keke a [[Manchester]] . An ba da wasannin 1934 ga [[Johannesburg]], amma aka ba da su ga London saboda damuwa mai tsanani game da nuna wariya ga 'yan wasan Asiya da baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Har yanzu ba a fayyace alaƙar 'yan wasan Ireland a wasannin 1934 ba, amma babu wata ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Ireland Free State da aka kafa a hukumance. Ƙungiyoyi goma sha shida na ƙasa sun shiga gasar, ciki har da sabbin 'yan wasa Hong Kong, Indiya, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London 1934 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1938 su ne Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na uku, wanda aka gudanar a [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An tsara lokacin da zai yi daidai da cika shekaru 100 na Sydney (shekaru 150 tun kafuwar matsugunin Birtaniya a Ostiraliya). An gudanar da bikin bude gasar III a karon farko a yankin Kudancin Duniya, a filin wasan kurket na Sydney, wanda ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 40,000. Kasashe 15 ne suka halarci gasar Sydney, inda jimillar 'yan wasa 464 da jami'ai 43 suka halarta. Fiji da Ceylon sun fara fitowa a karon farko. An gabatar da wasanni bakwai a wasannin Sydney - wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, hawan keke, kwano na ciyawa, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney 1938 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1950 su ne bugu na huɗu kuma an gudanar da su a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, bayan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka rage kafin bugu na uku na wasannin. An ba da wasannin na huɗu ga [[Montréal|Montreal]], Kanada kuma an shirya za a gudanar da su a shekarar 1942, amma an soke su saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . 'Yan kallo 40,000 ne suka halarci bikin bude gasar a filin wasa na Eden Park, yayin da kusan mutane 250,000 suka halarci gasar Auckland. Kasashe goma sha biyu sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 590 zuwa Auckland. Malaya da [[Najeriya]] sun fara bayyana a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1950 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth (1954–1966) ==== [[File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumi a Vancouver da ke tunawa da "Miracle Mile" tsakanin Roger Bannister da [[John Landy]]]] An gudanar da bugu na biyar na Wasannin, wato Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na 1954, a [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fara amfani da sunan daga Wasannin Daular Burtaniya a shekarar 1952, a daidai lokacin da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ke mulki. Bugu na biyar na Wasannin ya sanya Vancouver a kan dandamali na duniya kuma ya ƙunshi lokutan wasanni masu ban sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi mai ban mamaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma al'adun gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka san shi da "Miracle Mile", wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare, Roger Bannister na Ingila da [[John Landy]] na Australia, sun gudanar da tsere na ƙasa da mintuna huɗu a wani taron da aka watsa kai tsaye a faɗin duniya a karon farko. Arewacin Rhodesia da [[Pakistan]] sun fara buga wasa kuma dukkansu sun yi rawar gani, inda suka lashe lambobin yabo takwas da shida bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vancouver 1954 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg|thumb|3 pence British stamp with theme of 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales]] An gudanar da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a Cardiff, Wales. Wasannin guda shida sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Wales kuma ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa karɓar bakuncin Gasar Daular Burtaniya da Wasannin Commonwealth. Cardiff ta jira fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko don zama mai masaukin baki na Wasannin, saboda an soke gasar 1946 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Wasannin Cardiff sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Relay na Sarauniya, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin gabatarwa ga kowace gasar Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,122 da jami'ai 228 zuwa Wasannin Cardiff kuma kasashe 23 da masu dogaro da su sun lashe lambobin yabo, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Ghana]], Kenya da [[Isle of Man|Tsibirin Man]] a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardiff 1958 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gab da wasannin Cardiff, manyan taurarin wasanni da dama, ciki har da Stanley Matthews, Jimmy Hill da Don Revie, sun sanya hannu a wata wasika da suka aike wa ''jaridar The Times'' a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1958, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu game da kasancewar wasannin Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata kawai, suna adawa da 'manufar wariyar launin fata' a wasannin kasa da kasa da kuma kare 'ka'idar daidaiton launin fata wanda ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Wasannin Olympics'. An gudanar da wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na shekarar 1962 a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 863 da jami'ai 178 zuwa Perth. [[Jersey]] tana cikin waɗanda suka lashe lambobin yabo a karon farko, yayin da Burtaniya Honduras, [[Dominika|Dominica]], Papua da New Guinea da [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] duk suka buga wasannin farko. Aden shi ma ya fafata da gasar ta hanyar gayyatar musamman. Sarawak, North Borneo da Malaya sun fafata a karo na ƙarshe, kafin su shiga gasar a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin tutar Malaysia . Bugu da ƙari, [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] sun fafata a gasar a matsayin ƙungiya a karon farko kuma ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Perth 1962 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da gasar Daular Burtaniya da ta Commonwealth ta shekarar 1966 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]] . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a wajen abin da ake kira White Dominions . Kasashe talatin da huɗu (ciki har da Kudancin Arabia ) sun fafata a gasar Kingston Games, inda suka aika da jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 1,316. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingston 1966 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya (1970–1974) ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1970 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka amince da sunan Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da [[Tsarin ma'auni|na'urorin auna ma'auni]] maimakon na imperial a cikin taruka, karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a [[Scotland]] da kuma karo na farko da Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth ta Biyu]] ta halarta a matsayinta na Shugabar Commonwealth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1970 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 a Christchurch, New Zealand . An kira taron a hukumance The Friendly Games, kuma shi ne bugu na farko da ya ƙunshi waƙar taken. Bayan Kisan kiyashi na 'yan wasan Isra'ila a wasannin Olympics na Munich na 1972, wasannin goma a Christchurch sune wasan farko na wasanni da yawa don sanya lafiyar mahalarta da masu kallo a matsayin mafi girman abin da ake buƙata. Masu tsaro sun kewaye ƙauyen 'yan wasan kuma akwai manyan' yan sanda. Kasashe 22 ne kawai suka yi nasarar lashe lambobin yabo daga jimlar lambobin yabo 374 da aka bayar, amma wadanda suka lashe gasar a karon farko sun hada da Western Samoa, [[Lesotho]] da Swaziland (tun daga shekarar 2018 ana kiransu [[Eswatini]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christchurch 1974 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 an kira ta "Join Together". ==== Wasannin Commonwealth (1978–1998) ==== An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1978 a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada. Wannan taron shi ne na farko da aka sanya wa suna a yanzu na Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma ya nuna sabon matsayi yayin da kusan 'yan wasa 1,500 daga ƙasashe 46 suka shiga. [[Najeriya]] ta kaurace musu don nuna rashin amincewarta da hulɗar wasanni da [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai mulkin wariyar launin fata ke yi da ita, da kuma [[Uganda]] don nuna rashin amincewarsu da zargin da ake yi wa gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton 1978 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar Commonwealth ta 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Ostiraliya]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kasashe arba'in da shida ne suka shiga gasar Brisbane, inda suka samu sabon tarihi na 'yan wasa 1,583 da kuma jami'ai 571. A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Ostiraliya ce ke kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo a gaban Ingila, Kanada, Scotland da New Zealand bi da bi. [[Zimbabwe]] ta fara fitowa a gasar, bayan da ta fafata a matsayin Southern Rhodesia da kuma wani ɓangare na [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brisbane 1982 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 mai suna "You're Here To Win". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland kuma su ne wasanni na biyu da aka gudanar a Edinburgh. Kasashe 32 na Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean sun kauracewa shiga gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1986, inda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin amincewa da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta yi na yin Allah wadai da huldar wasanni da Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1985, amma wasannin sun sake bunƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da bunƙasa daga baya. Kasashe ashirin da shida sun halarci gasar Edinburgh ta biyu, kuma sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,662 da jami'ai 461. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1986 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 an yi mata suna "Ruhun Matasa". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Su ne wasannin Commonwealth na goma sha huɗu, na uku da New Zealand za ta karbi bakuncinsa, na biyu kuma na Auckland. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 55 sun halarci gasar Auckland ta biyu, inda 'yan wasa da jami'ai 2,826 suka halarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1990 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan ta koma cikin ƙungiyar Commonwealth a shekarar 1989 bayan ta janye a shekarar 1972, kuma ta fafata a wasannin 1990 bayan ta shafe shekaru ashirin ba tare da ta halarci gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |archive-date=15 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 mai suna "Wannan Shine Lokacin". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan taron shine karo na huɗu da ya faru a Kanada. Wasannin sun nuna wani muhimmin batu na komawar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] cikin yanayin wasanni bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, kuma sama da shekaru talatin tun lokacin da ƙasar ta fafata a wasannin karshe a shekarar 1958 . [[Namibiya|Namibia]] ta fara gasar Commonwealth bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma shine karo na ƙarshe da Hong Kong ta halarci wasannin kafin a miƙa 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya zuwa China. Kasashe sittin da uku sun aika 'yan wasa 2,557 da jami'ai 914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria 1994 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 mai suna "Bari Ruhunka Ya Yi Sauri". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1998 a [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. A karon farko a tarihinta na shekaru 68, an gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Asiya. Taron shi ne kuma Wasannin farko da suka ƙunshi wasannin ƙungiya (kurket, rugby 7s, netball da field hockey) tare da bowling goma da squash - wani babban nasara wanda ya ƙara yawan masu sauraro da kuma waɗanda ke kallon talabijin. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 70 ya aika jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 5,065 zuwa Gasar Kuala Lumpur. Kasashe biyar mafiya kyau a jerin wadanda suka lashe lambobin yabo sune Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada, Malaysia (wadanda suka yi fice a wasanninsu har zuwa wannan ranar) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. [[Nauru]] ta kuma samu lambobin zinare uku masu ban mamaki. [[Kamaru]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Kiribati]] da [[Tuvalu]] sun fara fafatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuala Lumpur 1998 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 mai suna "Forever As One". ==== A lokacin ƙarni na 21 ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a [[Manchester]], Ingila. An shirya taron ne a Ingila a karon farko tun shekarar 1934 kuma ya zo daidai da bikin zagayowar shekarar Zinare ta Elizabeth ta Biyu, shugabar [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] . Dangane da wasanni da abubuwan da suka faru, gasar 2002 ta kasance gasar Commonwealth mafi girma a tarihi, inda ta ƙunshi wasanni 281 a cikin wasanni 17. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci a jadawalin ƙarshe na lambobin yabo, sai kuma Ingila mai masaukin baki da Kanada. Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 sun kafa sabon ma'auni don ɗaukar nauyin wasannin Commonwealth da kuma biranen da ke son yin tayinsu tare da mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester 2002 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 mai suna " Where My Heart Will Take Me ". [[File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg|thumb| Wasanni a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne (MCG) yayin wasannin Commonwealth na 2006, [[Melbourne]]]] An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia. Bambanci kawai tsakanin wasannin 2006 da Wasannin 2002 shine rashin [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ya janye daga Commonwealth of Nations bayan kungiyar ta dakatar da shi a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> A karo na farko a tarihin wasannin Sarauniya ta ziyarci kowace ƙasa da yankin Commonwealth da ke shiga cikin wasannin, tafiya ta kilomita 180,000 (110,000 . Fiye da 'yan wasa 4000 sun shiga gasar wasanni. Har ila yau Top 3 a kan teburin lambar yabo shine Australia, sannan Ingila da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melbourne 2006 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 an kira ta "Together We Are One". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a [[Delhi]], Indiya. Wasannin sun ci dala biliyan 11 kuma sun kasance wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada a tarihi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Indiya, kuma shine karo na farko da [[Jamhuriyar a cikin Commonwealth of Nations|jamhuriyar Commonwealth]] ta karbi bakuncin wasannin, sannan kuma karo na biyu da aka gudanar da su a Asiya bayan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1998. Jimillar 'yan wasa 6,081 daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth 71 da kuma waɗanda suka dogara da su]] sun fafata a wasanni 21 da kuma gasa 272. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci ƙidayar lambobin yabo na ƙarshe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar Indiya ta sami mafi kyawun wasanta a kowane gasa, inda ta zo ta biyu a jimilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi 2010 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120108/https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ta fara buga wasanninta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130063104/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 mai suna "Kai tsaye, tashi, hawa, nasara". An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Wadannan wasannin sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taba gudanarwa a Scotland tare da kimanin 'yan wasa 4,950 daga kasashe da yankuna daban-daban 71 da ke fafatawa a wasanni 18 daban-daban, wanda ya wuce wasannin Commonwealth na 1970 da 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], babban birnin Scotland. [[Usain bolt|Usain Bolt]] ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 kuma ya kafa rikodin Wasannin Commonwealth tare da abokan aikinsa. Wasannin sun sami yabo saboda shirya su, halarta, da kuma sha'awar jama'a na mutanen Scotland, tare da shugaban zartarwa na CGF Mike Hooper yana yaba da su a matsayin "wasannin da suka fi dacewa a tarihin motsi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182710/https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Cycling_(geograph_4105477).jpg|right|thumb| Gasar kekuna a lokacin Gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 da aka shirya a [[Glasgow]], Scotland]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a [[Gold Coast]], Queensland, Ostiraliya, kuma karo na biyar da Ostiraliya ta karbi bakuncin wasannin. Akwai dai adadin abubuwan da suka faru ga maza da mata iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihi da wani babban taron wasanni da dama ya sami daidaito a fannoni daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Coast 2018 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413185707/https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Birmingham_2022_Opening_Ceremony.jpg|thumb| Bikin Buɗewa na 2022]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2022 a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da aka shirya gasar Commonwealth a Ingila, bayan gasar London 1934 da Manchester 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120125/https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 sun yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 10 na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 da kuma [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]], dukkansu an gudanar da su a [[Landan]] . Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 shi ne bugu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu, kafin rasuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2022, an sanar da cewa za a gudanar da [[wasannin Commonwealth na 2026]] a karo na shida a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], amma a karon farko za a raba su, yayin da jihar Victoria ta sanya hannu a matsayin 'birnin' mai masaukin baki. Taron zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yankuna waɗanda galibi suka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Bendigo, da kuma wasu cibiyoyin yankuna uku. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Daniel Andrews ya sanar da cewa Victoria ba za ta sake karbar bakuncin wasannin 2026 ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Victoria state pulls out of hosting 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://news.sky.com/story/victoria-state-pulls-out-of-hosting-2026-commonwealth-games-12922606 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta gudanar da wasannin 2026 a Glasgow, bayan soke gasar Victoria, duk da haka za a "rage wasannin" inda za a gudanar da wasanni 10 kacal a wurare huɗu, da kuma alƙawarin cewa ba za a buƙaci kuɗin jama'a ba. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 zai zama na farko da za a gudanar a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Charles III|Sarki Charles na Uku]] . Kasashe uku da suka fi karbar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth sune Australia (5), Canada (4) da [[Scotland]] (4). New Zealand tana da wasanni uku kuma tare da wasannin 2022, Ingila ma ta ƙara adadinta zuwa uku. An shirya wasanni ɗaya a [[Wales]], biyu a Asiya ( [[Maleshiya|Malesiya]] (1) da [[Indiya]] (1)) da ɗaya a Caribbean ( [[Jamaika]] (1)). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Story of The Commonwealth Games |url=http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125811/http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> An ba da wannan kyautar ga Afirka, amma ba a taɓa yin ta ba, inda aka cire [[Durban]] daga gasar wasannin 2022 sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi. Za a gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2030 a [[Ahmedabad]] kuma zai kasance bikin cika shekaru 100 da fara gasar Commonwealth. === Wasannin Gurɓataccen Nakasa === [[File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg|thumb| 'Yan wasan Gasar Commonwealth ta 1962 a [[Perth]]]] Wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu nakasa daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth]] . A wasu lokutan ana kiran taron da Wasannin Daular Paraplegic da Wasannin Paraplegic na Burtaniya. 'Yan wasa galibi suna fama da [[raunin kashin baya]] ko kuma cutar [[Polio|shan inna]] . An fara gudanar da taron ne a shekarar 1962 kuma an soke shi a shekarar 1974. An gudanar da wasannin ne a ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth ga 'yan wasa masu ƙarfin jiki. Kasashen da suka dauki nauyin gasar Commonwealth Paraplegic Games sune Australia, Jamaica, Scotland da New Zealand a shekarun 1962, 1966, 1970 da 1974 . Kasashe shida - Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] - an wakilta su a dukkan wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic. Ingila da Ostiraliya sun yi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} ƙasar da ta fi samun matsayi sau biyu kowannensu: 1962, 1974 da 1966, 1970.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} ==== Haɗa 'yan wasa nakasassu cikin Wasannin Commonwealth ==== An fara haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, British Columbia lokacin da aka ƙara wannan taron a wasannin motsa jiki da kwano, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema |first=Mark |last2=Anjema |first2=Justin |date=25 March 2004 |title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games |url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012 |publisher=Redeemer University College}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, Ingila, an haɗa su a matsayin wasannin dole, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama wasannin wasanni da yawa na duniya na farko da suka haɗa da juna . Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa sakamako a cikin ƙidayar lambobin yabo kuma 'yan wasan cikakken memba ne na kowace tawagar ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-sports for elite athletes with a disability |url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=25 February 2012 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation website}}</ref> A lokacin Babban Taron 2007 na Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) a [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya]] (IPC) da CGF sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da alaƙar hukuma tsakanin hukumomin biyu da kuma tabbatar da halartar fitattun 'yan wasa masu nakasa (EAD) a nan gaba a Wasannin Commonwealth. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IPC da CGF. Ta amince da IPC a matsayin hukumar wasanni da ta dace kuma tana da alhakin kula da daidaitawa da kuma aiwatar da shirin wasanni na EAD na Wasannin Commonwealth kuma ta yi alƙawarin yin aiki tare don tallafawa ci gaban Motsin Wasannin Paralympic da Commonwealth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC and CGF Sign Co-operative Agreement |url=https://www.paralympic.org/press-release/ipc-and-cgf-sign-co-operative-agreement |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin hunturu ==== [[File:StMoritz.jpg|thumb| St. Moritz, wurin da za a yi dukkan wasannin hunturu guda uku daga 1958 zuwa 1966]] Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth wani taron wasanni da yawa ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasannin hunturu, wanda aka yi a ƙarshe a shekarar 1970. An shirya bugu huɗu na Wasannin. An tsara wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth a matsayin wani tsari na adawa da wasannin Commonwealth, wanda ke mai da hankali kan wasannin bazara, don rakiyar wasannin Olympics na hunturu da na bazara . TD Richardson ne ya kafa Wasannin hunturu. An gudanar da Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a St. Moritz, Switzerland kuma su ne wasannin farko na bugu na hunturu. An kuma gudanar da wasannin 1962 a St. Moritz, wanda ya dace da gasar 1962 ta Daular Burtaniya da Gasar Commonwealth a [[Perth]], Ostiraliya, kuma an gudanar da gasar 1966 a St. Moritz, bayan fitowar 1970, an daina tunanin. === Wasannin Matasa === The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Games |url=http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017114244/http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Bendigo 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth == [[File:London Shopping 002 (6166876525) (2).jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]] a Commonwealth House (a tsakiya) da ke Landan]] Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin jagoranci da kula da Wasannin Commonwealth da Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth, kuma ita ce babbar hukuma kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|title=The Role of The CGF|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023143/http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Commonwealth House da ke Landan, Ingila, ita ce ke ɗauke da hedikwatar CGF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact|title=Contact Information|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115608/https://thecgf.com/contact|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Commonwealth House kuma tana ɗauke da hedikwatar Royal Commonwealth Society da Commonwealth Local Government Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thercs.org/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society|website=thercs.org|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184110/https://thercs.org/contact/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|title=Contact us – CLGF|website=clgf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120039/http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: * Ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa (IFs) su ne hukumomin da ke kula da wani wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Misali, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Sports Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021246/https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth (CGAs) suna wakiltar tare da tsara harkokin Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth a kowace ƙasa, kuma suna gudanar da ayyuka makamantan na Kwamitocin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa. Misali, Commonwealth Games England (CGE) ita ce CGA ta Ingila. A halin yanzu, CGF ta amince da CGAs guda 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – CGA Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020021/https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwamitocin Shirya Wasannin Commonwealth (OCCWGs) su ne kwamitoci na wucin gadi da ke da alhakin shirya kowanne daga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth. Ana rushe OCCWGs bayan kammala kowanne wasa, bayan an gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe ga CGF. Turanci shi ne harshen hukuma na Commonwealth. Sauran harshen da ake amfani da shi a kowanne Wasannin Commonwealth shi ne harshen ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin (ko harsuna, idan ƙasar tana da fiye da harshen hukuma guda ɗaya ban da Turanci). Ana furta kowace sanarwa (kamar sanarwar kowace ƙasa yayin faretin ƙasashe a bikin buɗe wasannin) da waɗannan harsuna biyu (ko fiye). Idan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana da irin wannan yanayi, alhakinta ne ta zaɓi harshen ko harsunan da za a yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|title=CGF Constitution|website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> == Gudun Sandar Sarki == [[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|Gudun Sandar Jubilee na Sarauniya na [[2002 Commonwealth Games]]]] Gudun Sandar Sarki gasa ce ta gudun relay da ake yi a faɗin duniya kafin fara Wasannin Commonwealth. Sandar tana ɗauke da saƙo daga Shugaban Commonwealth. A al'ada, gudun sandar yana farawa ne daga Buckingham Palace da ke Landan a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth Day na birnin. Sarki yana miƙa sandar ga ɗan gudun relay na farko. A bikin buɗe Wasannin, ɗan gudun relay na ƙarshe yana mayar da sandar ga sarki ko wakilinsa, wanda yake karanta saƙon da babbar murya domin buɗe wasannin a hukumance. Gudun Sandar Sarki yana kama da Gudun Tocilan Olympics.<ref name="RelayTradition">{{cite web|url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues...|publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation|access-date=15 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|archive-date=11 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara wannan gudun sandar ne a [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Cardiff, Wales, a matsayin Gudun Sandar Sarauniya. Har zuwa, ciki har da [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], gudun sandar yana wucewa ne kawai ta Ingila da ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Gudun sandar na [[1998 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, shi ne na farko da ya je wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth. Gudun Sandar Sarauniya na [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostareliya, shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin Wasannin Commonwealth. Gudun ya kai kilomita 230,000 (mil 150,000) cikin kwanaki 388, inda sandar ta bi ta yankuna shida na Commonwealth, wato Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania. A karon farko, an gabatar da Sandar Sarauniya a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth yayin bugu na shida na wasannin a shekarar 2017, waɗanda aka gudanar a Nassau, Bahamas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=20 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Bukukuwan == === Buɗewa === [[File:Comm Games 2006 finale.JPG|thumb|Bikin buɗe [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] a [[Melbourne]]]] Bikin buɗe wasannin yawanci yana farawa ne da ɗaga tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin da kuma rera taken ƙasarta. Ana kuma ɗaga tutar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth, tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya da kuma tutar ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba yayin bikin buɗewar. Daga nan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na kiɗa, waƙa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adunta. Shirye-shiryen fasahar sun ƙaru wajen girma da kuma rikitarwa, yayin da ƙasashe daban-daban da suka karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ke ƙoƙarin shirya bikin da zai fi na wanda ya gabace shi jan hankali wajen tunawa. An ruwaito cewa bikin buɗe Wasannin Delhi ya kashe dala miliyan 70, inda aka kashe babban ɓangaren kuɗin wajen shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|title=The CWG opening show reality: Rs 350 crore|work=[[The Times of India]] Blog|access-date=21 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180834/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan ɓangaren shirye-shiryen fasaha na bikin, 'yan wasa suna shiga filin wasa cikin jerin ƙasashe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya ita ce a al'ada ƙasa ta farko da ke shiga. Daga nan ƙasashe suna shiga filin wasan bisa tsarin haruffan sunayensu ko kuma bisa nahiyoyi, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin su ne na ƙarshe da ke shiga. Ana gabatar da jawabai, sannan a buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A ƙarshe, ana shigar da [[Queen's Baton Relay|Sandar Sarki]] cikin filin wasa, sannan ana miƙa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum har sai ta isa ga ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa ya riƙe ta a ƙarshe, wanda galibi shahararren ɗan wasan Commonwealth ne daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Shi ne ke miƙa sandar ga [[Head of the Commonwealth|Shugaban Commonwealth]] ko wakilinsa. === Rufewa === [[File:Commonwealth Games closing ceremony picture.jpeg|thumb|Bikin rufe [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] a Delhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin rufe Wasannin Commonwealth bayan an kammala dukkan gasannin wasanni. Masu ɗauke da tutoci daga kowace ƙasa da ta shiga gasar suna shiga filin wasa, sannan 'yan wasa su biyo bayansu tare, ba tare da bambancin ƙasa ba. Shugaban kwamitin shirya wasannin da shugaban CGF suna gabatar da jawabansu na rufewa, sannan a rufe wasannin a hukumance. Shugaban CGF kuma yana magana game da yadda aka gudanar da wasannin. Magajin garin da ya shirya wasannin yana miƙa tutar CGF ga shugaban CGF, wanda daga nan yake miƙa ta ga magajin garin da zai karɓi baƙuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na gaba. Daga nan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba ita ma tana gabatar da taƙaitaccen shiri na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ke wakiltar al'adunta. Manyan masu fasaha da mawaƙa da dama sun yi wasanni a bukukuwan Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Constitution {{!}} Commonwealth Games Federation|website=CGF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> A bikin rufe kowane Wasannin Commonwealth, shugaban CGF yana bayar da wata lambar yabo tare da gabatar da kofi ga wani ɗan wasa da ya nuna bajinta da kima ta musamman, ta fuskar yadda ya yi a wasanni da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyarsa. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta kowace ƙasa ce ke zaɓar 'yan wasan da za a gabatar da sunayensu a ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe ta gasar, sannan kwamitin da ya ƙunshi shugaban CGF da wakilai daga yankuna shida na Commonwealth ya zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara. An ƙaddamar da '[[David Dixon Award]]', kamar yadda ake kiranta, a [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]], bayan marigayi David Dixon, tsohon Babban Sakataren Girmamawa na [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]], domin girmama babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasannin Commonwealth tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Oath & Award|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130116/http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gabatar da lambobin yabo === Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo bayan an kammala kowace gasa. Wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya zo na biyu da wanda ya zo na uku, ko ƙungiyoyin da suka samu waɗannan matsayi, suna tsayawa a kan matakai uku domin a ba su lambobinsu. Bayan wani memba na CGF ya bayar da lambobin, ana ɗaga tutocin ƙasashen 'yan wasan da suka samu lambobin uku, yayin da ake rera [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na ƙasar wanda ya samu lambar zinariya. 'Yan ƙasar da suka yi aikin sa-kai daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin sukan kasance masu taimakawa wajen gudanar da bukukuwan bayar da lambobin, inda suke taimaka wa jami'an da ke gabatar da lambobin tare da ɗaukar tutoci. === Taken ƙasa === "[[God Save the King]]" taken hukuma ne ko [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na [[God Save the King#Use in other Commonwealth countries|ƙasashen Commonwealth da dama]] da kuma yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu ƙasashe. Saboda haka, kuma saboda [[countries of the United Kingdom|ƙasashen da suka ƙunshi Birtaniya]] suna fafatawa daban-daban, an hana amfani da shi yayin bukukuwan hukuma, bukukuwan bayar da lambobin yabo ko kafin wasanni a gasar ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know about National Anthems|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/11-things-you-didn-t-know-about-national-anthems|access-date=7 August 2022|website=Commonwealth Games – Birmingham 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan gyaran wannan ƙa'ida da aka yi kafin Wasannin 2010, an sauya wasu daga cikin taken ƙasashen da ake amfani da su, kuma a wasu lokuta sun bambanta da taken ƙasa ko taken hukuma na ƙasar da ake iya amfani da shi a yanzu: {|class="wikitable" |- !Ƙasa ! Taken da aka yi amfani da shi a Wasannin Commonwealth !Taken ƙasa/Taken hukuma |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |"[[God Bless Anguilla]]" |rowspan="4"|"[[God Save the King]]" |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |"[[Hail to Bermuda]]" |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |"[[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands]]" |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |"[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |- |{{Flag|England}} |"[[Land of Hope and Glory]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[And did those feet in ancient time#Use as a national anthem|Jerusalem]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite web|author=Sir Andrew Foster|url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|title=England announce victory anthem for Delhi chosen by the public! – Commonwealth Games England|publisher=Weare England|date=30 May 2010|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162431/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |"[[Song of the Falklands]]" |rowspan="5"|"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" |- |{{Flag|Guernsey}} |"[[Sarnia Cherie]]" |- |{{Flag|Jersey}} |"[[Island Home (anthem)|Island Home]]" |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |"[[National Song (Montserrat)|Motherland]]" |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |"[[God Defend New Zealand]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz">{{Cite web|title=History of God Defend New Zealand {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url=https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|access-date=7 August 2022|website=mch.govt.nz|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054556/https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|url-status=dead }}</ref><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |"[[Ko e Iki he Lagi|Ko e Iki he Lagi (Ya Ubangiji, Mai cikin sama, Mai jin ƙai)]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz"/><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Norfolk Island}} |"[[Come Ye Blessed]]" |"[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |- |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |"[[Londonderry Air]]" |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |"[[My Saint Helena Island]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Scotland}} |"[[Scotland the Brave]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2010|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8449939.stm|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |"[[This Land of Ours]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Wales}} |"[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Ƙasar Kakannina)]]" |Babu; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |} ==Jerin Wasannin Commonwealth== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{location map+|North America |float = left |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Kanada da yankin Caribbean) |places = {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=43.247362|long=-79.864457|label='''1930'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=left|lat=49.283820|long=-123.122547|label='''1954'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=18.016625|long=-76.800674|label='''1966'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=53.544127|long=-113.491225|label='''1978'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=bottom|lat=48.427598|long=-123.366658|label='''1994'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|United Kingdom |float = center |width = 250 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Birtaniya) |places = {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.507222|long=-0.1275|label='''1934'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.481667|long=-3.179167|label='''1958'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=55.953333|long=-3.189167|label='''1970''', '''1986'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=53.479444|long=-2.245278|label='''2002'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=55.861111|long=-4.25|label='''2014''', '''2026'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=52.4862|long=-1.8904|label='''2022'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|Oceania |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Oceania) |places = {{Location map~|Oceania|position=left|lat=-33.859972|long=151.209444|label='''1938'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-36.857312|long=174.760972|label='''1950, 1990'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-31.950604|long=115.860778|label='''1962'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-43.734701|long=172.623768|label='''1974'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=top|lat=-27.473660|long=153.026010|label='''1982'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-37.812836|long=144.963056|label='''2006'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-28.014611|long=153.402151|label='''2018'''}} }} {{location map+|Asia |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Asiya) |places = {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=28.594864|long=77.222577|label='''2010'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=3.147778|long=101.695278|label='''1998'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=left|lat=23.0225|long=72.571389|label='''''2030'''''}} }} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" width= align="center" style="font-size: 85%; |+Bayanin Wasannin Commonwealth ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Shekara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Bugu ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Garin da ya karɓi bakunci ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar mai masaukin baki ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wanda ya buɗe ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wasanni ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Gasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyoyi ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar farawa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar ƙarewa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|'Yan wasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Manazarta |- |align=center|1930 |align="center"|{{sort|01|[[1930 British Empire Games|I]]}} |align=left|[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada|1921}} |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Viscount Willingdon]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|59||align="center"|11 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 August 1930}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 August 1930}}||align="center"|400 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align="center"|1934 |align="center"|{{sort|02|[[1934 British Empire Games|II]]}} |align="left"|[[London]] |align="left"|{{flag|England}} |[[George V|King George V]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|68||align="center"|16 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1934}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 August 1934}}||align="center"|500 |- |align="center"|1938 |align="center"|{{sort|03|[[1938 British Empire Games|III]]}} |align="left"|[[Sydney]] |align="left"|{{flag|Australia}} |[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|Lord Wakehurst]] |align="center"|7||align="center"|71||align="center"|15 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|5 February 1938}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 February 1938}}||align="center"|464 |align="left"|{{AUS}} |- |align="center"|1942 |align="center"|– |align="left"|[[Montreal]] |align="left"|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |colspan="9" rowspan="2" align="center"|''An soke saboda [[World War II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]<ref name="The Commonwealth Games 2017">The Complete Book of The Commonwealth Games (Gold Coast Edition) by Graham Groom (2017)</ref>'' |- |align="center"|1946 |align=center|– |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1807}} |- |align=center|1950 |align="center"|{{sort|04|[[1950 British Empire Games|IV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |[[Bernard Freyberg|Sir Bernard Freyberg]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|88||align="center"|12 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 February 1950}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 February 1950}}||align="center"|590 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1954 |align="center"|{{sort|05|[[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|V]]}} |align=left|[[Vancouver]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Earl Alexander of Tunis]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|91||align="center"|24 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 July 1954}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|7 August 1954}}||align="center"|662 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1958 |align="center"|{{sort|06|[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI]]}} |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1953}} |rowspan="5"|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|94||align="center"|36 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 July 1958}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 July 1958}}||align="center"|1,122 |- |align=center|1962 |align="center"|{{sort|07|[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Perth]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|104||align="center"|35 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|22 November 1962}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|1 December 1962}}||align="center"|863 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1966 |align="center"|{{sort|08|[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |align=left|{{flag|Jamaica}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|110||align="center"|34 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1966}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|13 August 1966}}||align="center"|1,050 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1970 |align="center"|{{sort|09|[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|42 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 July 1970}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 1970}}||align="center"|1,383 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1974 |align="center"|{{sort|10|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X]]}} |align=left|[[Christchurch]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|38 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1974}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 February 1974}}||align="center"|1,276 |- |align=center|1978 |align="center"|{{sort|11|[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Edmonton]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|128||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 1978}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 August 1978}}||align="center"|1,474 |align=left|{{CAN}} |- |align=center|1982 |align="center"|{{sort|12|[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII]]}} |align=left|[[Brisbane]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|142||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 September 1982}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|9 October 1982}}||align="center"|1,583 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1986 |align="center"|{{sort|13|[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|163||align="center"|26 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 July 1986}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August 1986}}||align="center"|1,662 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1990 |align="center"|{{sort|14|[[1990 Commonwealth Games|XIV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|204||align="center"|55 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1990}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 February 1990}}||align="center"|2,073 | rowspan="6" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1994 |align="center"|{{sort|15|[[1994 Commonwealth Games|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|217||align="center"|63 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 August 1994}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 August 1994}}||align="center"|2,557 |- |align=center|1998 |align="center"|{{sort|16|[[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Kuala Lumpur]] |align=left|{{flag|Malaysia}} |[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar]] |align="center"|15||align="center"|213||align="center"|70 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 September 1998}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|21 September 1998}}||align="center"|3,633 |- |align=center|2002 |align="center"|{{sort|17|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Manchester]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|281||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 2002}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 2002}}||align="center"|3,679 |- |align=center|2006 |align="center"|{{sort|18|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align="center"|17||align="center"|245||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 March 2006}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 March 2006}}||align="center"|4,049 |- |align=center|2010 |align="center"|{{sort|19|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Delhi]] |align=left|{{flag|India}} |[[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Patil]] da<br />[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|272||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 October 2010}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|14 October 2010}}||align="center"|4,352 |- |align=center|2014 |align="center"|{{sort|20|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|261||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2014}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 2014}}||align="center"|4,947 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|2018 |align="center"|{{sort|21|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align=left rowspan="2"|[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|275||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 April 2018}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 April 2018}}||align="center"|4,426 | rowspan="3" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|2022 |align="center"|{{sort|22|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Birmingham]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |align="center"|'''20'''||align="center"|'''283'''||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 July 2022}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|8 August 2022}}||align="center"|'''5,054''' |- |align=center|2026 |align="center"|{{sort|23|[[2026 Commonwealth Games|XXIII]]}} |align="left"|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |align="align=left"|[[Charles III|Sarki Charles III]] |align="center"|10 |align="center"|215 |align="center"|'''74''' |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2026}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August}} |align=center|~3,000 |- |align=center|2030 |align=center|[[2030 Commonwealth Games|XXIV]] |align=left|[[Ahmedabad]] |align=left|{{flagu|India}} | colspan="8" |{{Center|Ba a yanke ba}} |} == Teburin lambobin yabo == <small>'''*Lura: Ƙasashen da aka rubuta da ''haruffa masu karkata'' ba sa shiga Wasannin Commonwealth a yanzu.'''</small> :''An sabunta bayan [[2026 Commonwealth Games]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-games-all-time-medal-table-after-birmingham-2022 | title=Commonwealth Games: All-time medal table, after Birmingham 2022 | website=www.olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/#/www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/|title=Glasgow 2026|website=Glasgow 2026}}</ref>, {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagCGF | event = | team = CGA | gold_AUS = 1071 | silver_AUS = 879 | bronze_AUS = 823 | gold_ENG = 802 | silver_ENG = 828 | bronze_ENG = 802 | gold_CAN = 529 | silver_CAN = 568 | bronze_CAN = 612 | gold_IND = 215 | silver_IND = 207 | bronze_IND = 180 | gold_NZL = 189 | silver_NZL = 246 | bronze_NZL = 308 | gold_SCO = 145 | silver_SCO = 152 | bronze_SCO = 244 | gold_RSA = 144 | silver_RSA = 143 | bronze_RSA = 157 | gold_KEN = 94 | silver_KEN = 84 | bronze_KEN = 92 | gold_NGR = 92 | silver_NGR = 91 | bronze_NGR = 112 | gold_WAL = 84 | silver_WAL = 114 | bronze_WAL = 167 | gold_MAS = 74| silver_MAS = 76| bronze_MAS = 94 | gold_JAM = 75| silver_JAM = 57| bronze_JAM = 63 | gold_NIR = 40 | silver_NIR = 50 | bronze_NIR = 68 | gold_SGP = 40 | silver_SGP = 33 | bronze_SGP = 36 | gold_PAK = 27 | silver_PAK = 27 | bronze_PAK = 29 | gold_CYP = 26 | silver_CYP = 21 | bronze_CYP = 29 | gold_UGA = 19 | silver_UGA = 18 | bronze_UGA = 26 | gold_GHA = 15 | silver_GHA = 21 | bronze_GHA = 29 | note_GHA = {{ref|a|[a]}} | gold_TRI = 13 | silver_TRI = 26 | bronze_TRI = 30 | gold_BAH = 12 | silver_BAH = 14 | bronze_BAH = 14 | gold_CMR = 12 | silver_CMR = 13 | bronze_CMR = 20 | gold_NRU = 10 | silver_NRU = 11 | bronze_NRU = 12 | gold_SAM = 7 | silver_SAM = 13 | bronze_SAM = 11 | gold_ZIM = 6 | silver_ZIM = 9 | bronze_ZIM = 14 | name_ZIM = ''{{flagCGF|ZIM}}'' | note_ZIM = {{ref|b|[b]}} | gold_TAN = 6 | silver_TAN = 7 | bronze_TAN = 11 | gold_ZAM = 5 | silver_ZAM = 13 | bronze_ZAM = 26 | note_ZAM = {{ref|c|[c]}} | gold_SRI = 5 | silver_SRI = 10 | bronze_SRI = 11 | note_SRI = {{ref|d|[d]}} | gold_PNG = 5 | silver_PNG = 8 | bronze_PNG = 3 | gold_FIJ = 5 | silver_FIJ = 7 | bronze_FIJ = 13 | gold_BOT = 5 | silver_BOT = 6 | bronze_BOT = 8 | gold_NAM = 5 | silver_NAM = 5 | bronze_NAM = 17 | gold_HKG = 5 | silver_HKG = 2 | bronze_HKG = 10 | name_HKG = ''{{flagCGF|HKG}}'' | gold_GUY = 4 | silver_GUY = 6 | bronze_GUY = 6 | note_GUY = {{ref|e|[e]}} | gold_IOM = 4 | silver_IOM = 3 | bronze_IOM = 7 | gold_GRN = 4 | silver_GRN = 2 | bronze_GRN = 2 | gold_BAR = 3 | silver_BAR = 5 | bronze_BAR = 8 | gold_BER = 3 | silver_BER = 2 | bronze_BER = 4 | gold_IVB = 3 | silver_IVB = 0 | bronze_IVB = 0 | gold_MRI = 2 | silver_MRI = 11 | bronze_MRI = 9 | gold_BAN = 2 | silver_BAN = 4 | bronze_BAN = 2 | gold_MOZ = 2 | silver_MOZ = 4 | bronze_MOZ = 3 | gold_JER = 2 | silver_JER = 1 | bronze_JER = 3 | gold_SVG = 2 | silver_SVG = 0 | bronze_SVG = 1 | gold_GUE = 1 | silver_GUE = 5 | bronze_GUE = 3 | gold_DMA = 1 | silver_DMA = 2 | bronze_DMA = 1 | gold_LES = 1 | silver_LES = 1 | bronze_LES = 3 | gold_LCA = 1 | silver_LCA = 1 | bronze_LCA = 3 | gold_CAY = 1 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1 | gold_KIR = 1 | silver_KIR = 0 | bronze_KIR = 0 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0 | gold_SEY = 0 | silver_SEY = 3 | bronze_SEY = 4 | gold_FRN = 0 | silver_FRN = 2 | bronze_FRN = 5 | name_FRN = ''{{flagCGF|FRN}}'' | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 1 | bronze_MLT = 7 | gold_SWZ = 0 | silver_SWZ = 1 | bronze_SWZ = 3 |note_SWZ = {{ref|f|[f]}} | gold_GAM = 0 | silver_GAM = 1 | bronze_GAM = 2 | gold_IRE = 0 | silver_IRE = 1 | bronze_IRE = 0 | name_IRE = ''{{flagCGF|IRE}}'' | gold_TON = 0 | silver_TON = 0 | bronze_TON = 4 | gold_MAW = 0 | silver_MAW = 0 | bronze_MAW = 3 | gold_NFI = 0 | silver_NFI = 0 | bronze_NFI = 3 | gold_VAN = 0 | silver_VAN = 0 | bronze_VAN = 3 | gold_COK = 0 | silver_COK = 0 | bronze_COK = 1 | gold_NIU = 0 | silver_NIU = 0 | bronze_NIU = 1 | gold_SOL = 0 | silver_SOL = 0 | bronze_SOL = 1 | gold_GAB = 0 | silver_GAB = 0 | bronze_GAB = 1 | gold_RWA = 0 | silver_RWA = 0 | bronze_RWA = 1 | gold_TUV = 0 | silver_TUV = 0 | bronze_TUV = 1 }} *<small>{{note|a|[a]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Ghana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|GCO}}</small> *<small>{{note|b|[b]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zimbabwe]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|SRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|c|[c]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zambia]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|NRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|d|[d]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Sri Lanka]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|CEY}}</small> *<small>{{note|e|[e]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Guyana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|BGU}}</small> *<small>{{note|f|[f]}} Swaziland ta sauya sunanta zuwa [[Eswatini]]</small> ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Commonwealth Games Federation symbol (2019- Till Date).svg|30px]] '''Teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth [[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table|a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1930 Commonwealth Games|1930]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1934 Commonwealth Games|1934]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1938 Commonwealth Games|1938]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1950 Commonwealth Games|1950]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1954 Commonwealth Games|1954]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1958 Commonwealth Games|1958]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1962 Commonwealth Games|1962]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1974 Commonwealth Games|1974]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1978 Commonwealth Games|1978]]: {{flag|Canada}} * [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2006 Commonwealth Games medal table|2006]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2010 Commonwealth Games medal table|2010]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2014 Commonwealth Games medal table|2014]]: {{flag|England}} * [[2018 Commonwealth Games medal table|2018]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2022 Commonwealth Games medal table|2022]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2026 Commonwealth Games medal table|2026]]: {{flag|Australia}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} == Wasannin Commonwealth == Sabanin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni, Wasannin Commonwealth suna da tsarin wasanni mai sassauci wanda ke mutunta ababen more rayuwa da bukatun birnin da ya karbi bakuncin. Hakanan ana bayyana wannan a cikin kwanakin gudanarwa, wadanda za su iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin sararin samaniya na kowane birni mai karbar bakunci. Saboda haka, tsarin kowane gudanarwa ya bambanta. Tsakanin 1930 da 1994, wasannin mutum daya kawai ne suka kasance bangaren tsarin kuma sai a shekara ta 1998 aka ba da izinin kara wasannin kungiya. Ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane gudanarwa tun daga lokacin don samun jerin wasanni na tilas guda bakwai zuwa goma wadanda dole ne a buga su a wannan gudanarwa kuma dole ne a amince da su shekaru 4 a gaba. Don haka, karancin adadin wasanni a kowane gudanarwa shi ne 10 kuma mafi yawa shi ne 17. Duk da haka, bukatun gida na iya kara adadin wasannin da ake gwada sa'a a kansu. Mafi shahararru sun hada da kokawa ta 'yanci a Delhi 2010 da wasan kwalallon raga na rairayi a Gold Coast 2018. Za kuma a iya yin wasu kebantattun kebance-kebance, kamar wanda aka yi a gudanarwa ta karshe da aka yi a Birmingham, Ingila, inda aka kara sauran wasanni 3 na daban a cikin tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Commonwealth Games Charter|website=thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Dokokin na yanzu kuma suna kayyade daidaiton jinsi, inda maza da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gudanarwar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|title=Level playing field for women at 2018 Commonwealth Games|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=7 October 2016|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009205111/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|title=Gold Coast 2018 to offer same amount of medals for men and women after seven events added|last1=McKay|first1=Duncan|date=7 October 2016|website=Insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=7 October 2016|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034918/http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita ba ta musamman ga Wasannin 2026, yayin da Glasgow ta karbi bakunci a matsayin gaggawa. Sakamakon haka, tsarin zai kunshi wasanni 10 kawai—mafi karancin adadi tun daga Wasannin 1994:<ref name="BBCSportsOct24">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o|title=Sports announced for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games |first1=Megan |last1=Bonar |first2=Jonathan |last2=Geddes |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117144915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o |archive-date=17 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akwai jimillar wasanni 23 (tare da wasannin fannoni daban-daban guda uku) da Wasannin Para guda goma wadanda Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta amince da su. {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Harbin Kibiya |Muhu |1982, 2010 |- |Wasannin Motsa Jiki (Athletics) |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para Athletics |Muhu |1994, 2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead>{{cite web|url =https://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title = Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD)|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223559/https://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |- |Badminton |Na Zabi |1966–2022 |- |Kwallon Kwando | |2006, 2018 |- |Kwallon Kwando 3x3 |Na Zabi |2022–yanzu |- |Damben Boksin |Na Zabi |1930–yanzu |- |Kurriket |Na Zabi |1998, 2022 |- |Keken Tsauni (Mountain Bike) |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports>{{cite web|url = https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|title = Sports Programme|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223656/https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |2002–2006, 2014–yanzu |- |Keke na Para Track |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |2014–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Hanyar Mota |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1938–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Filin Wasa |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1934–yanzu |- |Ninkaya ta Tsalle (Diving) |Na Zabi |1930–2022 |- |Hoki |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Jimnastik ta Fasaha |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–yanzu |- |Jimnastik ta Rhythmic |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–1998, 2006–yanzu |- |Judo |Na Zabi |1990, 2002, 2014 (Na Zabi), 2022-yanzu |- |Lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1930–1962, 1970–yanzu |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Para lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1994, 2002, 2014–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Netball (Mata) |Na Zabi |1998–yanzu |- |Daukar Nauyi ta Powerlifting |Na Zabi |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Rugby sevens |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Harbin Bindiga |Na Zabi |1966, 1974–2018 |- |Squash |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Ninkaya |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para ninkaya |Muhu |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Kwallon Tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Para kwallon tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Triathlon |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2006, 2014–2022 |- |Kwallon Raga (Rairayi) |Na Zabi |2018–2022 |- |Daukar Nauyi (Weightlifting) |Na Zabi |1950–yanzu |- |Kokawa ('Yanci) |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |} |} A shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yarda da manyan take-take a tsarin wanda ya kara adadin muhimman wasanni, yayin da aka cire wasu na zabi, wadanda aka cire an jera su a kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|title=Commonwealth Games transformed to attract aspiring cities|date=2 April 2015|last=Avison|first=Ben|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223534/http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa (Canoeing) |Na Zabi |Taba<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|title=Canoeing closer to being a full-medal event|publisher=Commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com|date=11 June 2010|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125164430/http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Bunkasa (Rowing) |Na Zabi |1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Katako (Sailing) |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Softball |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Ninkaya ta Tare (Synchronised swimming) |Na Zabi |Muhu tsakanin 1986 da 2006 |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Taekwondo |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Wasan Tenis |Na Zabi |2010 |- |Ten-pin bowling |Na Zabi |1998 |- |Kokawa (Greco-Roman) |Na Zabi |2010 |} |} Wasanni irin su wadannan wasanni ne da Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yi nazari a kansu amma wadanda ake ganin suna bukatar fadada su a fannoni kamar matakan shiga tsakani a cikin Commonwealth ko a matakin kasa (Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa) da matakin wasannin motsa jiki na tushe, Fannin Kasuwanci, Haqqoqin Gidan Tabiijin, Daidaito, da Kudade Karbar Bakunci, bisa ga Doka ta 6 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Wasannin Commonwealth;<ref name="CGFConstitutionRegulation6">[https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|date=13 July 2019}}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 27 July 2022.</ref> kasashe masu karbar bakunci ba za su iya zabar wadannan wasannin don tsarin su ba har sai an cika bukatun Hukumar.<ref name=Sports>[http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ Sports Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502101439/http://www.thecgf.com/sports/|date=2 May 2013 }}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 4 June 2016.</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Billiards |An Amince |Taba |- |Wasan Takobi (Fencing) |An Amince |1950–1970 |- |Kwallon Kafa |An Amince |Taba |- |Golf |An Amince |2026 |- |Handball |An Amince |Taba |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Ceto Rai (Life saving) |An Amince |Taba |- |Rugby league |An Amince |Taba |- |Kwallon Raga (Cikin gida) |An Amince |Taba |- |Water Polo |An Amince |1950 |- |} |} == Kasashen da ke halarta == Kungiyoyi guda shida kacal ne suka halarci kowane gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth: Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila, New Zealand, Scotland, da Wales. Ostiraliya ita ce kungiyar da ta fi samun maki mafi tsayi a wasanni guda goma sha uku, Ingila guda bakwai, Kanada kuma guda daya. [[File:Commonwealth Games years participants.PNG|upright=2.75|thumb|alt=Wuraren da aka gudanar da wasannin, da kasashen da suka halarta| {{legend2|#9966cc|Kasashen da suka karbi bakunci, ko ke shirin karbar bakuncin lamarin|border=solid 1px#AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#d45c4c|Sauran kasashen da ke shiga wasannin|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#54e464|Kasashen da suka taba shiga wasannin amma a yanzu ba sa yi|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{0}}'''•'''<span style="margin:0; font-size:90%;">{{0}} Biranen da suka karbi bakunci da shekarar gudanar da wasannin</span>|center]] {{Cleanup section|date=June 2025|reason=Kasancewar teburin a rushe kyakkyawan tunani ne, amma yana bukatar gyara daga wanda ya fahimci tsarin.}} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em auto;" |- ! colspan=24|Teburin Halartar Kungiyoyi ta Banbancin Gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth |- ! rowspan="6" style="background:#cedaf2;"|Kungiya !Gudanarwa |I |II |III |IV |V |VI |VII |VIII |IX |X |XI |XII |XIII |XIV |XV |XVI |XVII |XVIII |XIX |XX |XXI |XXII |- ! Shekara |1930 |1934 |1938 |1950 |1954 |1958 |1962 |1966 |1970 |1974 |1978 |1982 |1986 |1990 |1994 |1998 |2002 |2006 |2010 |2014 |2018 2022 ! Tutar Mai Masaukin Baki {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon - ! Birnin mai masaukin baki Hamilton, Ontario London Sydney Auckland Vancouver Cardiff Perth Kingston, Jamaica Edinburgh Christchurch Edmonton Brisbane Edinburgh Auckland Victoria, British Columbia Kuala Lumpur Manchester Melbourne Delhi Glasgow Gold Coast, Queensland Birmingham - ! Halartar \ Kasa mai masaukin baki Kanada Ingila Ostiraliya New Zealand Kanada Wales Ostiraliya Jamaica Scotland New Zealand Kanada Ostiraliya Scotland New Zealand Kanada Malaysia Ingila Ostiraliya Indiya Scotland Ostiraliya Ingila - ! colspan=23 - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - 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align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:light" |} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{flag|Aden}}{{efn|name=n1|Aden daga baya ta koma Larabawa ta Kudu a shekara ta 1963 kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 1967.}}||1962 |- |{{AIA}}{{efn|name=n2|Anguilla ta ware gabataki daya daga Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla a shekara ta 1980 kuma sauran Saint Kitts da Nevis suka samu yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1983.}}||1998– |- |{{ANZ}}||1911 |- |{{ATG}}||1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{AUS}}||1930– |- |{{BHS}}||1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{BGD}}||1978, 1990– |- |{{BRB}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BLZ}}{{efn|name=n4|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Honduras suna zuwa Belize a shekara ta 1973.}}||1978, 1994– |- |{{BMU}}||1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BWA}}||1974, 1982– |- |{{flag|British Guiana}}{{efn|name=n3|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Guiana suna zuwa Guyana a shekara ta 1966.}}||1930–1938, 1954–1962 |- |{{flag|British Honduras}}{{efn|name=n4}}||1962–1966 |- |{{VGB}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||1990– |- |{{CMR}}||1998– |- |{{CAN}}||1911, 1930– |- |{{CYM}}||1978– |- |{{flag|Ceylon}}{{efn|name=n5|An sauya wa Ceylon suna zuwa Sri Lanka a shekara ta 1972.}}||1938–1950, 1958–1970 |- |{{COK}}||1974–1978, 1986– |- |{{CYP}}||1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{DMA}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |- |{{ENG}}||1930– |- |{{SWZ}}||2022– |- |{{FLK}}||1982– |- |{{FJI}}{{efn|name=n6|An sake dakatar da Fiji daga Commonwealth da Wasannin 2010 a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10594683">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|title=Fiji suspended from Commonwealth|date=2 September 2009|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214100247/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|archive-date=14 February 2012|url-status=live }}</ref> An janye dakatarwar da aka yi wa Fiji daga Commonwealth a kan lokaci gabanin Wasannin 2014 biyo bayan zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Maris na 2014.}}||1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |- |{{GAB}}||2026– |- |{{GMB}}{{efn|name=n7|Gambia ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2013, amma ta sake komawa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2018; an sake karbar Gambia zuwa Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth a watan Maris na 2018.}}||1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |- |{{GHA}}{{efn|name=n8|An sauya wa Gold Coast (kasa mai mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya) suna zuwa Ghana a shekara ta 1957.}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{GIB}}||1958– |- |{{flag|Gold Coast}}{{efn|name=n8}}||1954 |- |{{GRD}}||1970–1982, 1998– |- |{{GGY}}{{efn|name=n9|Har da Tsibirai na makwabtaka.}}||1970– |- |{{GUY}}{{efn|name=n3}}||1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|British Hong Kong|1959|name=Hong Kong}}{{efn|name=n10|Hong Kong ba ta taba zamowa mamban Commonwealth ba amma ta kasance yanki na wata kasa ta Commonwealth; ta daina kasancewa a Commonwealth lokacin da aka mika yankin zuwa China a shekara ta 1997.}}||1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |- |{{IND}}||1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{flagdeco|Leinster}} Ireland{{efn|name=n11|An wakilci Ireland a matsayin kungiya guda daga tsibirin baki daya a shekara ta 1930, kuma ta kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda ke wakiltar Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci, da Ireland ta Arewa a shekara ta 1934. An sauya wa Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci suna a hukumance zuwa Éire a shekara ta 1937 amma ba ta halarci Wasannin 1938 ba, kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth lokacin da ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1949.}}{{efn|name=n12|Kayan hotuna na wancan lokacin suna nuna Tutar Kore da aka yi amfani da ita ga kungiyar Ireland.}}||1930 |- |{{flag|Irish Free State}}{{efn|name=n11}}||1934 |- |{{IMN}}||1958– |- |{{JAM}}||1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{JEY}}{{efn|name=n9}}||1958– |- |{{KEN}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{KIR}}||1998– |- |{{LSO}}||1974– |- |{{MWI}}||1970– |- |{{flag|Malaya}}{{efn|name=n13|Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak da Singapore sun haɗu a matsayin Malaysia a shekara ta 1963. An kori Singapore daga tarayyar a shekara ta 1965, ta zama kasa mai 'yancin kanta.}}||1950, 1958–1962 |- |{{MYS}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{MDV}}{{efn|name=n14|Maldives ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|date=14 October 2016|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|title=Maldives set to miss Gold Coast 2018 after resigning from Commonwealth|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017014931/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> amma an sake karberta a shekara ta 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1097892/maldives-commonwealth-games-rejoined|title=Maldives readmitted as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|last=Palmer|first=Dan|date=31 August 2020|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=|access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|title=Maldives re-joins as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|website=thecgf.com|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF)|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413112835/https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}||1986–2014, 2022– |- |{{MLT}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{MUS}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{MSR}}||1994– |- |{{MOZ}}||1998– |- |{{NAM}}||1994– |- |{{NRU}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Newfoundland}}{{efn|name=n15|Newfoundland ta koma karkashin Kanada a shekara ta 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of Union|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live }}</ref>}}||1930–1934 |- |{{NZL}}||1930– |- |{{NGA}}||1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |- |{{NIU}}||2002– |- |{{NFK}}||1986–<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|title=Norfolk Island|website=Gold Coast 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games|access-date=16 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205144938/https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|archive-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} North Borneo{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{NIR}}{{efn|name=n11}}{{efn|name=n16|Ulster Banner ta kasance tutar tsohuwar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa ne kawai tsakanin shekarun 1953 da 1972, amma ana daukar tutar a matsayin tutar Ireland ta Arewa tun daga shekara ta 1924 tsakanin 'yan kungiyar haɗin kai da 'yan amincin Ulster. Ulster Banner ita ce tutar wasanni ta Ireland ta Arewa a sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni kamar Kofin Duniya na FIFA da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Wasan Raga na FIVB.}}||1934–1938, 1954– |- |{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18|Rhodesia ta Kudu da Rhodesia ta Arewa sun yi gasa daban-daban a shekarun 1954 da 1958 yayin da dukansu biyu ke zaman bangare na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland.}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1954–1958 |- |{{PAK}}||1954–1970, 1990– |- |{{PNG}}||1962–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1962 |- |{{RWA}}||2010– |- |{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1978 |- |{{flag|Saint Helena}}{{efn|name=n19|A karkashin sunan "Saint Helena" a Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Commonwealth Countries|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063259/http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun kasance yankunan da ke karkashin Saint Helena, saboda haka ana kiran yankin a hukumance "Saint Helena da Yankunanta" har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Saint Helena, Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun zama madaidaitan sassa na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha a shekara ta 2009.}}||1982, 1998– |- |{{SKN}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1990– |- |{{LCA}}||1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{VCT}}||1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |- |{{SAM}}{{efn|name=n20}}||1998– |- |{{flagicon|Crown Colony of Sarawak}} Sarawak{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{SCO}}||1930– |- |{{SYC}}||1990– |- |{{SLE}}||1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |- |{{SGP}}{{efn|name=n13}}||1958– |- |{{SLB}}||1982, 1990– |- |{{ZAF}}||1911–1958, 1994– |- |{{flag|South Arabia}}{{efn|name=n1}}||1966 |- |{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1934–1958 |- |{{LKA}}||1974–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}{{efn|name=n24}}||1970–2018 |- |{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}}{{efn|name=n21|Zanzibar da Tanganyika sun haɗu don kafa Tanzania a shekara ta 1964.}}||1962 |- |{{TZA}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{TOG}}||2026– |- |{{TON}}||1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{TTO}}||1934–1982, 1990– |- |{{TCA}}||1978, 1998– |- |{{TUV}}||2002– |- |{{UGA}}||1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{GBR}}||1911{{efn|name=n23|Birtaniya ce ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Cikin Empaya a shekara ta 1911. An gudanar da wannan lamarin kafin gudanarwa ta farko ta Wasannin da aka yi a Hamilton, Kanada a shekara ta 1930.}} |- |{{VUT}}||1982– |- |{{WAL}}||1930– |- |{{flag|Western Samoa}}{{efn|name=n20|An sauya wa Samoa ta Yamma suna zuwa Samoa a shekara ta 1997.}}||1974–1994 |- |{{ZMB}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1970–1982, 1990– |- |{{ZWE}}{{efn|name=n22|Zimbabwe ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2003.}}||1982, 1990–2002 |} |} === Kasashen Commonwealth da ba su tura kungiyoyi ba tukuna === Kadan ne kawai daga cikin kasashen Commonwealth da yankunanta ba su taba shiga tsakani ba tukuna:<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014">{{cite web|title=Associated & Overseas Territories|website=Commonwealth of Nations|date=14 April 2014|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921075014/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|title=Commonwealth Games Non-Participating Countries|website=topendsports.com|language=en|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203014/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McConnachie 2014">{{cite web|last=McConnachie|first=Alistair|title=Looking Towards the British Wealth in Common Games|website=A Force For Good|date=21 June 2014|url=https://www.aforceforgood.org.uk/games/bcw1#linkfour|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tokelau, yanki na New Zealand, ana saran za ta shiga a karon farko a Wasannin 2010 a Delhi amma ba ta yi hakan ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|title=Commonwealth Games 2010|accessdate=17 November 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020092950/http://commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|archivedate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an bayyana Tokelau a matsayin wadda ba ta dace da shiga Wasannin Commonwealth ba har sai ta kasance tana da alaƙa da aƙalla tarayya guda biyar na wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="RNZ 2018">{{cite web|title=Sport: Tokelau wrestling earns Commonwealth nod|website=RNZ |date=11 May 2018|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/357136/sport-tokelau-wrestling-earns-commonwealth-nod|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tsibirin Keresimasi da Tsibirin Cocos (Keeling), wadanda dukansu yankuna ne na waje na Ostiraliya kamar Tsibirin Norfolk, ba su tura nasu kungiyoyin ba tukuna. * Akrotiri da Dhekelia, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya da ke tsakiya a kewayen sansanonin sojin Birtaniya, ba ta tura nata kungiyar ba tukuna. * Tsibirin Pitcairn, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya, ba ya shiga saboda karancin yawan jama'a (kewaye da mutane 50).<ref name="Pitcairn">{{cite web|title=Pitcairn's Population|website=LibGuides at Pacific Union College|date=3 May 2021|url=https://puc.libguides.com/PISC-pitcairnpopulation|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Sauran yankuna masu jama'a da shiyyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin Commonwealth, kamar Alderney da Sark (bangare na Bailiwick na Guernsey), Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha (sassa na Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha), Nevis (bangaren tarayya na Tarayyar Saint Kitts da Nevis), Rodrigues (tsibiri na waje na Mauritius), da Zanzibar (bangaren da ke cin gashin kansa na Tanzania), ba a daukar su a matsayin guda biyu daban-daban ko yankunan ketare teku ta Commonwealth<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014"/> don haka ba su da damar samun cancanta. === 'Yan wasan da aka ki amincewa da su === Masu fafutuka daga lardin Ingila na Cornwall sun bukaci Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth da ta ba Cornwall damar shiga daban a Wasannin 2006, amma CGF ta ki amincewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa "Cornwall ba komai ba ce illa lardin Ingila" kuma ya ba 'yan wasan Cornwall shawarar da su yi gasa a kungiyar Ingila.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006">{{cite web|title=Cornish out of running for Games|website=BBC NEWS|date=2 January 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/4575246.stm|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Harris 2006">{{cite web|last=Harris|first=John|title=John Harris: Cornwall wants to be a part of Commonwealth Games|website=the Guardian|date=4 January 2006|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/04/johnharris.features11|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jam'iyyar siyasa ta Cornwall Mebyon Kernow ta nemi a ba kungiyar Cornwall damar shiga Wasannin 2022 amma ba ta samu nasara ba.<ref name="Hart 2022">{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Emma|title=Calls for Cornwall to be allowed to enter its own team at the next Commonwealth Games|website=Pirate FM|date=2 August 2022|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/pirate-fm/local/news/calls-for-cornwall-team-at-commonwealth-games/|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jamhuriyar Birtaniya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta nemi shiga Wasannin 2006, amma an ki amincewa da ita saboda karancin amincewa daga kasashen duniya.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006"/> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == === Kwangilar birnin da zai karbi bakunci === Wasannin Empaya na Birtaniya na 1934, wadanda aka amince a shekara ta 1930 za a gudanar a Johannesburg, an mayar da su London bayan gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta lokacin kafin wariyar launin fata (apartheid) ta ki amincewa da halartar 'yan wasa masu launin fata.<ref name="Gorman2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DlxTDEIaYC&pg=PA170|title=The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s|last=Gorman|first=Daniel|date=31 July 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107021136|page=170|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> An fara ba Durban damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2015, a Babban Taron CGF a Auckland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban confirmed as 2022 host city|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804195951/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An ruwaito a watan Fabrairu na 2017 cewa Durban ba za ta iya karbar bakuncin wasannin ba saboda karancin kudi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2017, CGF ta janye hakkin karbar bakuncin daga Durban sannan ta sake bude tsarin neman neman karbar bakunci na wasannin 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban, South Africa will not host Games in 2022|date=13 March 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204162108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Birane da dama daga Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila da Malaysia sun nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin wasannin. Sai dai, CGF ta samu bukata guda daya tak a hukumance wadda ta fito daga Birmingham, Ingila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Birmingham only bidder for event|date=30 September 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201195548/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2017, an ba Birmingham damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin 2022 a matsayin mai karbar bakunci na gurbi Durban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|title=Birmingham officially named as 2022 Commonwealth Games host city|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=21 December 2017|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184516/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An zabi hadakar bukata daga birane 6 na jihar Victoria a Ostiraliya don karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Dan Andrews ya sanar cewa jihar ta janye daga karbar bakuncin taron saboda karuwa mai tarin yawa a kiyasin kudin taron. Kiyasin farko na kudin ya kasance kusan Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 2.6, amma sabbin kiyasoshi na nuna kudin zai iya kaiwa kusa da Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 6 zuwa 7.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pender|first=Kieran|date=18 July 2023|title=Does Victoria's 2026 cancellation sound Commonwealth Games death knell?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/18/commonwealth-games-2026-cancellation-will-it-return-victoria|access-date=6 August 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, gwamnatin jihar Victoria ta sanar da cewa ta soke shirinta na karbar bakuncin wasannin, ta hanyar kawo hujjar karuwar kiyasin kudaden da ake tsammanin kashewa idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Ba tare da samun birnin da zai karbi bakunci ba, akwai yandancin cewa za a daga wasannin zuwa shekarar 2027 ko kuma soke su gabataki daya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=17 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Costs Too High At Over $6 Billion {{!}} Premier of Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/commonwealth-games-costs-too-high-over-6-billion|access-date=18 July 2023|website=www.premier.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":CancelledGuardian">{{Cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Karp|first2=Cait|last2=Kelly|first3=Adeshola|last3=Ore|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/18/australia-commonwealth-games-2026-victoria-cancels-event-after-costs-blow-out-to-7bn|title =Australia Commonwealth Games 2026: Victoria cancels event after costs blow out to $7bn|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 July 2023|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, an sanar cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasannin na 2026 a Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko | title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 | date=17 September 2024 }}</ref> === Yajin aiki / Yoyikoti === Kamar dai Wasannin Olympic, Wasannin Commonwealth ma sun fuskanci yajin aikin kin halarta (boycott): Nijeriya ta gudanar da yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin Commonwealth na 1978 a Edmonton domin nuna zanga-zangar nuna adawa da huldar wasanni ta New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Uganda ma ta nisanta kanta, domin adawa da zargin kiyayyar Kanada ga gwamnatin Idi Amin.<ref name="MacintoshHawes1994"/><ref name="Edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – 1978 Commonwealth Games – Introduction|website=thecgf.com|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414194244/http://thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|archive-date=14 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:1986 Commonwealth Games (Edinburgh) boycotting countries (red).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin 1986 an yi musu fentin ja|alt=|300x300px]] A lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 a Edinburgh, mafi yawancin kasashen Commonwealth sun yi yajin aikin kin halarta, wanda ya sa Wasannin suka kasance tamkar na fararen fata kawai. Kasashe talatin da biyu daga cikin hamsin da tara da suka dace su shiga—mafi yawansu kasashen Afirka, Asiya da Karibiyan—sun nisanta kansu saboda manufar gwamnatin Thatcher na ci gaba da rike huldar wasanni ta Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata a maimakon shiga cikin yajin aikin kin gudanar da wasanni na gaba daya da kasar. Sakamakon haka, Edinburgh 1986 ta shaida mafi karancin adadin 'yan wasa tun bayan Auckland 1950.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Degun |first1=Tom |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|title=Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed &#124; Glasgow 2014|work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |date=29 February 2012|publisher=insidethegames.biz|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811024929/http://insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin sun hada da Antigua da Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, Indiya, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nijeriya, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tsibirin Solomon, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts da Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad da Tobago, Tanzania, Tsibirin Turks da Caicos, Uganda, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-20-mn-17233-story.html|title=8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23|agency=Reuters|date=20 July 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010750/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-20/news/mn-17233_1_commonwealth-games|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bermuda ta kasance mai janye jiki a makare, domin 'yan wasanta sun bayyana a bikin bude taron da kuma ranar farko ta gasar kafin Kungiyar Olympic ta Bermuda ta yanke shawarar janye jiki a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Graham|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27165110|title=Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111114123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/27165110|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Zanga-zanga === Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane sun gudana ne a tsakiyar gudanar da zanga-zanga mai dimbin yawa domin kare hakkin 'Yan Aborigina na Ostiraliya. Gwamnatin jihar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta Joh Bjelke-Petersen ta fuskanci kalubale akai-akai daga Majalisar 'Yancin Bil-Adama ta Queensland game da takunkumin da ta kakaba wa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga. Gwamnatin Queensland ba ta amince da hakkin filaye na 'Yan Aborigina ba. Haka kuma Queensland ta gindaya gagarumar takunkumi na shari'a a kan Aborigina ta hanyar "Aboriginal Act 1971". Lalubawan 'Yan Aborigina da suka hada da Gary Foley sun tsara zanga-zangar bil-adama a Brisbane a lokacin makon wasannin, wanda aka lakaba wa suna "Stolenwealth Games". A matsayin martani, Queensland ta kafa dokar "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" don sa takunkumi ga zanga-zanga a cikin ko kusa da wurin da ake gudanar da taron. Lokacin da fafutukawan 'Yan Aborigina da masu goyon bayan su suka gabatar da jerin gwano duk da haka, an kame daruruwan mutane. An dauki hotuna da bidiyon zanga-zangar a cikin shirin gaskiya na ''Guniwaya Ngigu''. Sauran zanga-zangar "Stolenwealth Games" sun sake aukuwa a lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a Melbourne da kuma Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite news|last= Latimore|first= Jack|date= 9 April 2018|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|work= Guardian, The|location=|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> == Tasirin kudi == Kudurin kiyasi na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi ya kasance Dalar Amurka biliyan 11, a cewar mujallar ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation|agency=Associated Press|date=25 April 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921204444/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|archive-date=21 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafin wannan, kiyasin farko na majalisar gudanarwa ta Wasannin Olympic ta Indiya a shekara ta 2003 ya kasance Dalar Amurka miliyan 250. Amma a shekara ta 2010, kasafin kudin a hukumance ya haura zuwa kusan Dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8, adadin da bai hada da kudaden gina ayyukan rage radadi da na bunkasa ababen more rayuwa wadanda basu da alaka da wasanni ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20100816-payoffs-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg-743744-2010-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/108072/Sport/payoffs-&-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg.html|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2010|title=Payoffs & bribes cast a shadow on CWG: Sport : India Today|author1=Ravi Shankar|author2=Mihir Srivastava|date=7 August 2010|work=India Today|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 an ruwaito su a matsayin Wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada da aka taba gudanarwa.<ref>Melbourne 2006</ref> Wani bincike da kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers ya gudanar a kan Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006, 2014 da kuma 2018 ya nuna cewa duk dalar Amurka guda daya da gwamnatoci suka kashe kan kudaden gudanarwa, wuraren gudanar da wasanni da sansanin 'yan wasa, ta samar da Dalar Amurka 2 ga tattalin arzikin birnin da ya karbi bakunci ko jiha, tare da matsakaicin samar da guraben aiki fiye da 18,000 sakamakon kowace gasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=New report reveals Commonwealth Games consistently provides over £1 billion boost for host cities|url=https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216122417/https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Value Framework|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Har ila yau, dukkan birane hudu sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa na sufuri ko sauran ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar karbar bakuncin Wasannin, yayin da wasu kuma suka amfana daga farfado da yankuna da suka kasance a baya suna fuskantar kalubale.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|title=Games can deliver gold for Victoria's economy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/games-can-deliver-gold-for-victoria-s-economy-20220216-p59wxa.html|website=The Age|date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Wani bincike da Ernst & Young suka gudanar ya gano cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 sun samar da tasirin tattalin arziki da aka kiyasta kaiwa Dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, yayin da wuraren da aka gina ko aka inganta don Wasannin sun samar da amfanin tattalin arziki na fiye da Dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a shekara ga Gold Coast. Nasarar Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 an yaba mata wajen taimakawa birnin Brisbane samun hakkin karbar bakuncin Wasannin Olympic na Damina na 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=GC2018 Legacy: Beyond the Games report 2024|url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/eed229fa-e623-4cf1-b0f2-0cb0298e4b52/gc2018-legacy-report-2024.pdf?ETag=f1909b86222ff20de6d678c3e58fffd4|publisher=Ernst & Young|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierce|first1=Jeremy|title=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games worth $300m so far: report|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/qld-politics/gold-coast-2018-commonwealth-games-worth-300m-so-far-report/news-story/17b82ff1df2be1d78ddd705c86f2ad86|website=The Courier Mail|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa shahararru == Mai wasan Lawn Bowl Willie Wood daga Scotland shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya shiga Wasannin Commonwealth guda bakwai, tun daga 1974 zuwa 2002, wani mizani da dan tseren keke Andrew Roche daga tsibirin Isle of Man ya daidaita a shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/26985985|title=Glasgow 2014: Mark Cavendish relishes idea of racing with mates|date=10 May 2014|access-date=10 May 2014|newspaper=BBC Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/26985985|archive-date=11 May 2014|url-status=live }}</ref> Dukansu gaba daya David Calvert daga Arewacin Ireland ya tsere musu, wanda a shekara ta 2018 ya halarci wasanninsa na 11.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: TeamNI announced for Gold Coast 2018|url=https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|access-date=4 January 2018|work=Portadown Times|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180313/https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sitiveni Rabuka ya kasance Firayim Ministan Fiji. Kafin sannan, ya wakilci Fiji a wasannin jifan nauyi (shot put da hammer throw), jifan faifai (discus) da kuma decathlon a Wasannin Empaya da Commonwealth na Birtaniya na 1974 da aka gudanar a Christchurch, New Zealand. Greg Yelavich, dan harbe-harbe na wasanni daga New Zealand, ya lashe lambobin yabo 12 a wasanni bakwai tun daga 1986 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Greg Yelavich Olympic success">{{cite web|title=Greg Yelavich|url=https://olympic.org.nz/athletes/greg-yelavich|website=New Zealand Olympic Team|access-date=22 July 2020|language=en|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Dan wasan Lawn Bowl Robert Weale ya wakilci Wales a Wasannin Commonwealth guda 8, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 2014, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare 2, azurfa 3 da kuma tagulla 1.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Weale's Commonwealth Games memories|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27973271|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Mai daukar nauyi na Nauru Marcus Stephen ya lashe lambobin yabo goma sha biyu a Wasannin tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da 2002, inda bakwai daga ciki na zinare ne, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasar Nauru a shekara ta 2007. Wannan nasara tasa ta taimaka wajen sanya Nauru (kasa mafi kankanta mai zaman kanta a Commonwealth, mai murabba'in kilomita 21 da yawan jama'a kasa da 9,400 a shekara ta 2011) a matsayi na ashirin da biyu a saman teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth na kowane lokaci.<ref>August 2019</ref> Mai iyo na Ostiraliya Ian Thorpe ya lashe lambobin zinare 10 da na azurfa 1 a Wasannin Commonwealth. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 a Kuala Lumpur, ya lashe lambobin zinare 4. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, ya lashe lambobin zinare 6 da azurfa 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Inspiring Athletes – Commonwealth Legend|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124937/http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chad le Clos, mai iyo mafi samun lambobin yabo a Afirka ta Kudu, ya lashe lambobin yabo 18 daga Wasannin Commonwealth hudu (2010, 2014, 2018 da 2022), wadanda bakwai daga ciki zinare ne. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu, azurfa guda daya da kuma tagulla guda hudu.<ref>"Chad le Clos stars at Commonwealth Games with record 7 medals". ''News24''. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast, ya lashe zinare uku, azurfa daya da tagulla daya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|title=About Me – Chad Le Clos|work=Chad Le Clos|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105611/http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Jason Statham ya shiga a matsayin mai tsalle ruwa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Jason Statham participated in the 1990 Commonwealth Games|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|website=The Indian Express|author=Shivangi Jalan|date=4 April 2018|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, mawakin Ostiraliya Cody Simpson ya lashe lambar zinare a matsayin mai iyo a tseren gudun maza na ninkaya mai nisan mita 4 × 100 freestyle relay da kuma lambar azurfa a tseren maza na 4 × 100 metre medley relay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsay|first1=George|title=Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=1 August 2022|work=CNN|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Niue Dalton Tagelagi ya fafata a wasan lawn bowls a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 yana kan mukaminsa na mulki,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |title=Dalton Emani Makamau TAGELAGI |publisher=Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games |date= |accessdate=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084456/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |url-status=live }}</ref> sannan kuma ya riga ya fafata a shekarar 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |title=Dalton Tagelagi |publisher=G2014results.thecgf.com |accessdate=30 April 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |title=Dalton TAGELAGI |publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation |date= |accessdate=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611031031/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |url-status=dead }}.</ref> == Daukar hoto da watsa labarai == Gidan talabijin na BBC shi ne babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen tun daga 1954 zuwa 2022 in ban da fitotoci hudu na farko a shekarun 1930, 1934, 1938 da 1950. A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2025, an sanar da cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 a Glasgow za a nuna su kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na TNT Sports karon farko a matsayin talabijin mai biyan kudi maimakon a talabijin na kyauta. Tashar Channel 5 za ta gudanar da nuna taaitaccen labarai da abubuwan da suka faru a kullum na gasar shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} reyh591e96tmm7c01bmm7d84kynunbp 966092 966091 2026-10-11T07:51:41Z Nura Bello 24854 966092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Commonwealth''' {{Efn|Which also refers itself as the '''Comm Games'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder|url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|access-date=7 December 2022|website=Triple M|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allan|first=Steve|title=COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES {{!}} NBN News|url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/|access-date=7 December 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref>}} wani taron wasanni ne na duniya sau huɗu a shekara, wanda ke haɗa 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙungiyar gamayya ta ƙasashe]], wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mafi yawan tsoffin yankuna na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . An fara gudanar da taron a matsayin '''Gasar Daular Burtaniya''' a shekarar 1930, kuma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye da dama na sunaye, wanda ke nuna sauyin yanayin siyasa da kuma cire Daular daga mulkin mallaka a hankali. An san shi da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya har zuwa shekarar 1950, '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth''' har zuwa 1966, da '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya''' har zuwa 1974 . Tun daga shekarar 1978, an san taron a hukumance da Wasannin Commonwealth, wani suna da ke nuna asalinsa na zamani tare da ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Birtaniya. Ana kuma kiran wasannin da '''Wasannin Abokan Hulɗa''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Games |url=https://gc2018.com/history-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Wasannin, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wasannin wasanni da yawa da aka yi a wajen [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics na zamani]], sun jawo hankalin kai tsaye ga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar Jeux de la Francophonie da Wasannin Lusofonia na tsoffin yankunan Faransa da Portugal bi da bi. Hukumar Commonwealth Sport ce ke kula da wasannin, wadda ke tantance shirin wasanni da kuma bayar da 'yancin karbar bakuncin wasannin. Taron yana goyon bayan al'adunsa na musamman, kamar Baton Relay da kuma ɗaga tutar wasannin Commonwealth a bikin. An bambanta shi da sauran gasannin wasanni na duniya ta hanyar haɗakarsa da kuma gadonsa. An haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a matsayin cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma a cikin shekarun 2018, Wasannin sun zama gasar wasanni da yawa ta farko a duniya da ta bayar da lambobin yabo iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. Nan da shekarar 2022, abubuwan da mata ke yi sun fi na maza yawa a karon farko. Baya ga manyan wasannin Olympics, Wasannin Commonwealth sun haɗa da fannoni kamar ƙwallon raga, kwano na ciyawa da kuma squash, waɗanda ke da farin jini musamman a cikin Commonwealth. Asalin wasannin ya kasance a gasar zakarun Inter-Empire na 1911, tare da Melville Marks Robinson yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa wasannin farko na hukuma a Hamilton, Kanada. A tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth da Wasannin Paraplegic na Commonwealth da suka ɓace yanzu sun kara fadada shiga. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics da sauran wasannin duniya ba, wasannin Commonwealth suna ba da izinin wakilci daga Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth goma sha biyar waɗanda ba jihohi masu zaman kansu ba. Wadannan sun hada da kasashe huɗu na Ƙasar Ingila, Crown Dependencies, yankuna da yawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, Norfolk Island (Australia) da Niue (New Zealand). Musamman, duk da kasancewa marasa iko, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands da Cayman Islands an amince da su a matsayin Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na kasa masu zaman kansu ta Kwamitin Wasano na Duniya. Zuwa yanzu, birane ashirin a cikin ƙasashe tara ne suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin. [[Auckland]], [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]] sun karbi bakuncin gasar sau biyu. Ana gudanar da sabon bugu a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Glasgow]] a shekarar 2026. Da farko, an bai wa Victoria gasar Commonwealth ta 2026 a Ostiraliya, amma damuwar kuɗi ta sa jihar ta janye daga gasar. Daga baya, an tabbatar da Glasgow a matsayin birnin da zai maye gurbin wanda zai karbi bakuncin gasar. Wasannin da ake yi a yanzu sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai, inda suka ƙunshi wasanni goma kacal. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar sulhu, gwamnatin Victoria za ta samar da sama da fam miliyan 2 ga masu shirya gasar Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2024 |title=King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> An ba wa [[Ahmedabad]], Indiya, gasar wasannin Commonwealth ta 2030 (wanda zai kasance Wasannin XXIV da Wasannin Karni na 100). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == John Astley Cooper ne ya fara gabatar da gasar wasanni da ta haɗa membobin [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] a shekarar 1891, shekaru biyar kafin gasar Olympics ta zamani ta farko, wanda ya rubuta wasiƙu da muƙaloli ga jaridu da dama da ke nuna "Taron Pan Brittanic, Pan Anglican duk bayan shekaru huɗu a matsayin hanyar ƙara kyautatawa da fahimtar Daular Burtaniya." <ref name="ANETT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=J Astley Cooper |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> An kafa Kwamitin John Astley Cooper a Ostiraliya, [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don tallata wannan ra'ayi kuma ya zaburar da Pierre de Coubertin don fara ƙungiyar [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics]] ta duniya. A shekarar 1911, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Inter-Empire tare da bikin Daular, a Fadar Crystal da ke [[Landan]] don murnar naɗin George na Biyar, kuma Earl na Plymouth da Lord Desborough ne suka jagoranci gasar. Ƙungiyoyi daga Australasia (Ostiraliya da New Zealand), Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, da Birtaniya sun fafata a gasannin motsa jiki, dambe, iyo da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=GBR Athletics}}</ref> Kanada ta lashe gasar kuma an ba ta kofin azurfa (wanda Lord Lonsdale ya ba ta kyauta) wanda ya kasance {{Convert|2|ft|6|in|cm}}tsayin kuma yana da nauyin {{Convert|340|oz|kg}} . Wani wakilin ''Auckland Star'' ya soki Wasannin, yana mai kiransu "babban takaici" wanda "bai cancanci a ba shi taken 'Empire Sports' ba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 1911 |title=Empire Sports |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Papers Past}}</ref> Yayin da ake shirin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1928 a Amsterdam, babban jami'in ƙungiyar Amateur Athletic Union of Canada J. Howard Crocker ya yi magana da ɗan jarida Melville Marks Robinson na ''The Hamilton Spectator'', game da ɗaukar nauyin wani taron wasanni na duniya a Kanada. Robinson ya gabatar da shawara kuma ya yi kira da a dauki nauyin shirya gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya a Hamilton, Ontario, a shekarar 1930. <ref name="TOP">{{Cite web |title=History of the Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Daga nan Robinson ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan ƙungiyar 'yan wasan tsere ta Kanada a wasannin daular Burtaniya na 1930. <ref name="TOP" /> Duk da cewa akwai jihohi 56 masu ikon mallaka waɗanda suka kasance membobi na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashe, akwai ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth guda 74 masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=Commonwealth Sport}}</ref> An raba su zuwa yankuna shida (Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania) kuma kowannensu yana da irin wannan aiki da Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa dangane da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], NOCs ɗinsu suna ɗaukar ayyukan CGA. Gamayyar ƙungiyoyi shida ne kawai suka shiga kowace gasar Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] . Daga cikin waɗannan shida, Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada da New Zealand kowannensu ya lashe aƙalla lambar zinare ɗaya a kowace wasa. Ostiraliya ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a wasanni goma sha uku, Ingila ta yi wasanni bakwai, Kanada kuma ta yi wasa ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku kuma suna kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo na Gasar Commonwealth a wannan jerin. === Bugu-da-wane === ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya (1930–1950) ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1930 su ne na farko da aka fi sani da Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma an gudanar da su a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada daga 16 zuwa 23 ga Agusta 1930 kuma Lord Willingdon ya buɗe su. <ref name="H30">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]}}</ref> Kasashe goma sha ɗaya: Ostiraliya, [[Bermuda]], British Guyana, Kanada, Ingila, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], Newfoundland, New Zealand, [[Scotland]], Afirka ta Kudu da [[Wales]], sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 400 don yin gasa a wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, kwano, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. An gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki a filin wasa na Civic . <ref name="E30">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=1930 Empire Games |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> Kudin Wasannin ya kai dala $97,973. <ref name="E30" /> Mata sun fafata a gasar ruwa kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle sau uku na ƙasar Kanada Gordon Smallacombe ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko a tarihin wasannin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jamie Bradburn |date=21 July 2015 |title=The British Empire Games of 1930 |url=http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Torontoist.com}}</ref> [[File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya ta 1938 a filin wasan kurket na Sydney .]] Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1934 su ne na biyu a cikin wasannin Commonwealth da aka gudanar a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. Birnin da ya karbi bakuncin gasar shine Landan, inda babban wurin wasan yake a Wembley Park, duk da cewa an gudanar da gasar tseren keke a [[Manchester]] . An ba da wasannin 1934 ga [[Johannesburg]], amma aka ba da su ga London saboda damuwa mai tsanani game da nuna wariya ga 'yan wasan Asiya da baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Har yanzu ba a fayyace alaƙar 'yan wasan Ireland a wasannin 1934 ba, amma babu wata ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Ireland Free State da aka kafa a hukumance. Ƙungiyoyi goma sha shida na ƙasa sun shiga gasar, ciki har da sabbin 'yan wasa Hong Kong, Indiya, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London 1934 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1938 su ne Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na uku, wanda aka gudanar a [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An tsara lokacin da zai yi daidai da cika shekaru 100 na Sydney (shekaru 150 tun kafuwar matsugunin Birtaniya a Ostiraliya). An gudanar da bikin bude gasar III a karon farko a yankin Kudancin Duniya, a filin wasan kurket na Sydney, wanda ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 40,000. Kasashe 15 ne suka halarci gasar Sydney, inda jimillar 'yan wasa 464 da jami'ai 43 suka halarta. Fiji da Ceylon sun fara fitowa a karon farko. An gabatar da wasanni bakwai a wasannin Sydney - wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, hawan keke, kwano na ciyawa, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney 1938 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1950 su ne bugu na huɗu kuma an gudanar da su a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, bayan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka rage kafin bugu na uku na wasannin. An ba da wasannin na huɗu ga [[Montréal|Montreal]], Kanada kuma an shirya za a gudanar da su a shekarar 1942, amma an soke su saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . 'Yan kallo 40,000 ne suka halarci bikin bude gasar a filin wasa na Eden Park, yayin da kusan mutane 250,000 suka halarci gasar Auckland. Kasashe goma sha biyu sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 590 zuwa Auckland. Malaya da [[Najeriya]] sun fara bayyana a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1950 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth (1954–1966) ==== [[File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumi a Vancouver da ke tunawa da "Miracle Mile" tsakanin Roger Bannister da [[John Landy]]]] An gudanar da bugu na biyar na Wasannin, wato Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na 1954, a [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fara amfani da sunan daga Wasannin Daular Burtaniya a shekarar 1952, a daidai lokacin da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ke mulki. Bugu na biyar na Wasannin ya sanya Vancouver a kan dandamali na duniya kuma ya ƙunshi lokutan wasanni masu ban sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi mai ban mamaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma al'adun gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka san shi da "Miracle Mile", wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare, Roger Bannister na Ingila da [[John Landy]] na Australia, sun gudanar da tsere na ƙasa da mintuna huɗu a wani taron da aka watsa kai tsaye a faɗin duniya a karon farko. Arewacin Rhodesia da [[Pakistan]] sun fara buga wasa kuma dukkansu sun yi rawar gani, inda suka lashe lambobin yabo takwas da shida bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vancouver 1954 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg|thumb|3 pence British stamp with theme of 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales]] An gudanar da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a Cardiff, Wales. Wasannin guda shida sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Wales kuma ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa karɓar bakuncin Gasar Daular Burtaniya da Wasannin Commonwealth. Cardiff ta jira fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko don zama mai masaukin baki na Wasannin, saboda an soke gasar 1946 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Wasannin Cardiff sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Relay na Sarauniya, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin gabatarwa ga kowace gasar Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,122 da jami'ai 228 zuwa Wasannin Cardiff kuma kasashe 23 da masu dogaro da su sun lashe lambobin yabo, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Ghana]], Kenya da [[Isle of Man|Tsibirin Man]] a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardiff 1958 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gab da wasannin Cardiff, manyan taurarin wasanni da dama, ciki har da Stanley Matthews, Jimmy Hill da Don Revie, sun sanya hannu a wata wasika da suka aike wa ''jaridar The Times'' a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1958, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu game da kasancewar wasannin Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata kawai, suna adawa da 'manufar wariyar launin fata' a wasannin kasa da kasa da kuma kare 'ka'idar daidaiton launin fata wanda ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Wasannin Olympics'. An gudanar da wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na shekarar 1962 a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 863 da jami'ai 178 zuwa Perth. [[Jersey]] tana cikin waɗanda suka lashe lambobin yabo a karon farko, yayin da Burtaniya Honduras, [[Dominika|Dominica]], Papua da New Guinea da [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] duk suka buga wasannin farko. Aden shi ma ya fafata da gasar ta hanyar gayyatar musamman. Sarawak, North Borneo da Malaya sun fafata a karo na ƙarshe, kafin su shiga gasar a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin tutar Malaysia . Bugu da ƙari, [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] sun fafata a gasar a matsayin ƙungiya a karon farko kuma ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Perth 1962 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da gasar Daular Burtaniya da ta Commonwealth ta shekarar 1966 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]] . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a wajen abin da ake kira White Dominions . Kasashe talatin da huɗu (ciki har da Kudancin Arabia ) sun fafata a gasar Kingston Games, inda suka aika da jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 1,316. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingston 1966 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya (1970–1974) ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1970 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka amince da sunan Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da [[Tsarin ma'auni|na'urorin auna ma'auni]] maimakon na imperial a cikin taruka, karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a [[Scotland]] da kuma karo na farko da Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth ta Biyu]] ta halarta a matsayinta na Shugabar Commonwealth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1970 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 a Christchurch, New Zealand . An kira taron a hukumance The Friendly Games, kuma shi ne bugu na farko da ya ƙunshi waƙar taken. Bayan Kisan kiyashi na 'yan wasan Isra'ila a wasannin Olympics na Munich na 1972, wasannin goma a Christchurch sune wasan farko na wasanni da yawa don sanya lafiyar mahalarta da masu kallo a matsayin mafi girman abin da ake buƙata. Masu tsaro sun kewaye ƙauyen 'yan wasan kuma akwai manyan' yan sanda. Kasashe 22 ne kawai suka yi nasarar lashe lambobin yabo daga jimlar lambobin yabo 374 da aka bayar, amma wadanda suka lashe gasar a karon farko sun hada da Western Samoa, [[Lesotho]] da Swaziland (tun daga shekarar 2018 ana kiransu [[Eswatini]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christchurch 1974 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 an kira ta "Join Together". ==== Wasannin Commonwealth (1978–1998) ==== An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1978 a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada. Wannan taron shi ne na farko da aka sanya wa suna a yanzu na Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma ya nuna sabon matsayi yayin da kusan 'yan wasa 1,500 daga ƙasashe 46 suka shiga. [[Najeriya]] ta kaurace musu don nuna rashin amincewarta da hulɗar wasanni da [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai mulkin wariyar launin fata ke yi da ita, da kuma [[Uganda]] don nuna rashin amincewarsu da zargin da ake yi wa gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton 1978 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar Commonwealth ta 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Ostiraliya]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kasashe arba'in da shida ne suka shiga gasar Brisbane, inda suka samu sabon tarihi na 'yan wasa 1,583 da kuma jami'ai 571. A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Ostiraliya ce ke kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo a gaban Ingila, Kanada, Scotland da New Zealand bi da bi. [[Zimbabwe]] ta fara fitowa a gasar, bayan da ta fafata a matsayin Southern Rhodesia da kuma wani ɓangare na [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brisbane 1982 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 mai suna "You're Here To Win". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland kuma su ne wasanni na biyu da aka gudanar a Edinburgh. Kasashe 32 na Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean sun kauracewa shiga gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1986, inda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin amincewa da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta yi na yin Allah wadai da huldar wasanni da Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1985, amma wasannin sun sake bunƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da bunƙasa daga baya. Kasashe ashirin da shida sun halarci gasar Edinburgh ta biyu, kuma sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,662 da jami'ai 461. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1986 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 an yi mata suna "Ruhun Matasa". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Su ne wasannin Commonwealth na goma sha huɗu, na uku da New Zealand za ta karbi bakuncinsa, na biyu kuma na Auckland. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 55 sun halarci gasar Auckland ta biyu, inda 'yan wasa da jami'ai 2,826 suka halarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1990 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan ta koma cikin ƙungiyar Commonwealth a shekarar 1989 bayan ta janye a shekarar 1972, kuma ta fafata a wasannin 1990 bayan ta shafe shekaru ashirin ba tare da ta halarci gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |archive-date=15 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 mai suna "Wannan Shine Lokacin". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan taron shine karo na huɗu da ya faru a Kanada. Wasannin sun nuna wani muhimmin batu na komawar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] cikin yanayin wasanni bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, kuma sama da shekaru talatin tun lokacin da ƙasar ta fafata a wasannin karshe a shekarar 1958 . [[Namibiya|Namibia]] ta fara gasar Commonwealth bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma shine karo na ƙarshe da Hong Kong ta halarci wasannin kafin a miƙa 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya zuwa China. Kasashe sittin da uku sun aika 'yan wasa 2,557 da jami'ai 914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria 1994 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 mai suna "Bari Ruhunka Ya Yi Sauri". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1998 a [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. A karon farko a tarihinta na shekaru 68, an gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Asiya. Taron shi ne kuma Wasannin farko da suka ƙunshi wasannin ƙungiya (kurket, rugby 7s, netball da field hockey) tare da bowling goma da squash - wani babban nasara wanda ya ƙara yawan masu sauraro da kuma waɗanda ke kallon talabijin. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 70 ya aika jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 5,065 zuwa Gasar Kuala Lumpur. Kasashe biyar mafiya kyau a jerin wadanda suka lashe lambobin yabo sune Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada, Malaysia (wadanda suka yi fice a wasanninsu har zuwa wannan ranar) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. [[Nauru]] ta kuma samu lambobin zinare uku masu ban mamaki. [[Kamaru]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Kiribati]] da [[Tuvalu]] sun fara fafatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuala Lumpur 1998 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 mai suna "Forever As One". ==== A lokacin ƙarni na 21 ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a [[Manchester]], Ingila. An shirya taron ne a Ingila a karon farko tun shekarar 1934 kuma ya zo daidai da bikin zagayowar shekarar Zinare ta Elizabeth ta Biyu, shugabar [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] . Dangane da wasanni da abubuwan da suka faru, gasar 2002 ta kasance gasar Commonwealth mafi girma a tarihi, inda ta ƙunshi wasanni 281 a cikin wasanni 17. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci a jadawalin ƙarshe na lambobin yabo, sai kuma Ingila mai masaukin baki da Kanada. Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 sun kafa sabon ma'auni don ɗaukar nauyin wasannin Commonwealth da kuma biranen da ke son yin tayinsu tare da mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester 2002 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 mai suna " Where My Heart Will Take Me ". [[File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg|thumb| Wasanni a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne (MCG) yayin wasannin Commonwealth na 2006, [[Melbourne]]]] An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia. Bambanci kawai tsakanin wasannin 2006 da Wasannin 2002 shine rashin [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ya janye daga Commonwealth of Nations bayan kungiyar ta dakatar da shi a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> A karo na farko a tarihin wasannin Sarauniya ta ziyarci kowace ƙasa da yankin Commonwealth da ke shiga cikin wasannin, tafiya ta kilomita 180,000 (110,000 . Fiye da 'yan wasa 4000 sun shiga gasar wasanni. Har ila yau Top 3 a kan teburin lambar yabo shine Australia, sannan Ingila da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melbourne 2006 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 an kira ta "Together We Are One". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a [[Delhi]], Indiya. Wasannin sun ci dala biliyan 11 kuma sun kasance wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada a tarihi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Indiya, kuma shine karo na farko da [[Jamhuriyar a cikin Commonwealth of Nations|jamhuriyar Commonwealth]] ta karbi bakuncin wasannin, sannan kuma karo na biyu da aka gudanar da su a Asiya bayan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1998. Jimillar 'yan wasa 6,081 daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth 71 da kuma waɗanda suka dogara da su]] sun fafata a wasanni 21 da kuma gasa 272. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci ƙidayar lambobin yabo na ƙarshe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar Indiya ta sami mafi kyawun wasanta a kowane gasa, inda ta zo ta biyu a jimilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi 2010 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120108/https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ta fara buga wasanninta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130063104/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 mai suna "Kai tsaye, tashi, hawa, nasara". An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Wadannan wasannin sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taba gudanarwa a Scotland tare da kimanin 'yan wasa 4,950 daga kasashe da yankuna daban-daban 71 da ke fafatawa a wasanni 18 daban-daban, wanda ya wuce wasannin Commonwealth na 1970 da 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], babban birnin Scotland. [[Usain bolt|Usain Bolt]] ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 kuma ya kafa rikodin Wasannin Commonwealth tare da abokan aikinsa. Wasannin sun sami yabo saboda shirya su, halarta, da kuma sha'awar jama'a na mutanen Scotland, tare da shugaban zartarwa na CGF Mike Hooper yana yaba da su a matsayin "wasannin da suka fi dacewa a tarihin motsi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182710/https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Cycling_(geograph_4105477).jpg|right|thumb| Gasar kekuna a lokacin Gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 da aka shirya a [[Glasgow]], Scotland]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a [[Gold Coast]], Queensland, Ostiraliya, kuma karo na biyar da Ostiraliya ta karbi bakuncin wasannin. Akwai dai adadin abubuwan da suka faru ga maza da mata iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihi da wani babban taron wasanni da dama ya sami daidaito a fannoni daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Coast 2018 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413185707/https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Birmingham_2022_Opening_Ceremony.jpg|thumb| Bikin Buɗewa na 2022]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2022 a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da aka shirya gasar Commonwealth a Ingila, bayan gasar London 1934 da Manchester 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120125/https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 sun yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 10 na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 da kuma [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]], dukkansu an gudanar da su a [[Landan]] . Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 shi ne bugu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu, kafin rasuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2022, an sanar da cewa za a gudanar da [[wasannin Commonwealth na 2026]] a karo na shida a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], amma a karon farko za a raba su, yayin da jihar Victoria ta sanya hannu a matsayin 'birnin' mai masaukin baki. Taron zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yankuna waɗanda galibi suka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Bendigo, da kuma wasu cibiyoyin yankuna uku. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Daniel Andrews ya sanar da cewa Victoria ba za ta sake karbar bakuncin wasannin 2026 ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Victoria state pulls out of hosting 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://news.sky.com/story/victoria-state-pulls-out-of-hosting-2026-commonwealth-games-12922606 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta gudanar da wasannin 2026 a Glasgow, bayan soke gasar Victoria, duk da haka za a "rage wasannin" inda za a gudanar da wasanni 10 kacal a wurare huɗu, da kuma alƙawarin cewa ba za a buƙaci kuɗin jama'a ba. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 zai zama na farko da za a gudanar a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Charles III|Sarki Charles na Uku]] . Kasashe uku da suka fi karbar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth sune Australia (5), Canada (4) da [[Scotland]] (4). New Zealand tana da wasanni uku kuma tare da wasannin 2022, Ingila ma ta ƙara adadinta zuwa uku. An shirya wasanni ɗaya a [[Wales]], biyu a Asiya ( [[Maleshiya|Malesiya]] (1) da [[Indiya]] (1)) da ɗaya a Caribbean ( [[Jamaika]] (1)). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Story of The Commonwealth Games |url=http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125811/http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> An ba da wannan kyautar ga Afirka, amma ba a taɓa yin ta ba, inda aka cire [[Durban]] daga gasar wasannin 2022 sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi. Za a gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2030 a [[Ahmedabad]] kuma zai kasance bikin cika shekaru 100 da fara gasar Commonwealth. === Wasannin Gurɓataccen Nakasa === [[File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg|thumb| 'Yan wasan Gasar Commonwealth ta 1962 a [[Perth]]]] Wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu nakasa daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth]] . A wasu lokutan ana kiran taron da Wasannin Daular Paraplegic da Wasannin Paraplegic na Burtaniya. 'Yan wasa galibi suna fama da [[raunin kashin baya]] ko kuma cutar [[Polio|shan inna]] . An fara gudanar da taron ne a shekarar 1962 kuma an soke shi a shekarar 1974. An gudanar da wasannin ne a ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth ga 'yan wasa masu ƙarfin jiki. Kasashen da suka dauki nauyin gasar Commonwealth Paraplegic Games sune Australia, Jamaica, Scotland da New Zealand a shekarun 1962, 1966, 1970 da 1974 . Kasashe shida - Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] - an wakilta su a dukkan wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic. Ingila da Ostiraliya sun yi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} ƙasar da ta fi samun matsayi sau biyu kowannensu: 1962, 1974 da 1966, 1970.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} ==== Haɗa 'yan wasa nakasassu cikin Wasannin Commonwealth ==== An fara haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, British Columbia lokacin da aka ƙara wannan taron a wasannin motsa jiki da kwano, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema |first=Mark |last2=Anjema |first2=Justin |date=25 March 2004 |title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games |url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012 |publisher=Redeemer University College}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, Ingila, an haɗa su a matsayin wasannin dole, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama wasannin wasanni da yawa na duniya na farko da suka haɗa da juna . Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa sakamako a cikin ƙidayar lambobin yabo kuma 'yan wasan cikakken memba ne na kowace tawagar ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-sports for elite athletes with a disability |url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=25 February 2012 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation website}}</ref> A lokacin Babban Taron 2007 na Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) a [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya]] (IPC) da CGF sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da alaƙar hukuma tsakanin hukumomin biyu da kuma tabbatar da halartar fitattun 'yan wasa masu nakasa (EAD) a nan gaba a Wasannin Commonwealth. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IPC da CGF. Ta amince da IPC a matsayin hukumar wasanni da ta dace kuma tana da alhakin kula da daidaitawa da kuma aiwatar da shirin wasanni na EAD na Wasannin Commonwealth kuma ta yi alƙawarin yin aiki tare don tallafawa ci gaban Motsin Wasannin Paralympic da Commonwealth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC and CGF Sign Co-operative Agreement |url=https://www.paralympic.org/press-release/ipc-and-cgf-sign-co-operative-agreement |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin hunturu ==== [[File:StMoritz.jpg|thumb| St. Moritz, wurin da za a yi dukkan wasannin hunturu guda uku daga 1958 zuwa 1966]] Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth wani taron wasanni da yawa ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasannin hunturu, wanda aka yi a ƙarshe a shekarar 1970. An shirya bugu huɗu na Wasannin. An tsara wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth a matsayin wani tsari na adawa da wasannin Commonwealth, wanda ke mai da hankali kan wasannin bazara, don rakiyar wasannin Olympics na hunturu da na bazara . TD Richardson ne ya kafa Wasannin hunturu. An gudanar da Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a St. Moritz, Switzerland kuma su ne wasannin farko na bugu na hunturu. An kuma gudanar da wasannin 1962 a St. Moritz, wanda ya dace da gasar 1962 ta Daular Burtaniya da Gasar Commonwealth a [[Perth]], Ostiraliya, kuma an gudanar da gasar 1966 a St. Moritz, bayan fitowar 1970, an daina tunanin. === Wasannin Matasa === The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Games |url=http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017114244/http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Bendigo 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth == [[File:London Shopping 002 (6166876525) (2).jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]] a Commonwealth House (a tsakiya) da ke Landan]] Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin jagoranci da kula da Wasannin Commonwealth da Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth, kuma ita ce babbar hukuma kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|title=The Role of The CGF|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023143/http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Commonwealth House da ke Landan, Ingila, ita ce ke ɗauke da hedikwatar CGF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact|title=Contact Information|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115608/https://thecgf.com/contact|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Commonwealth House kuma tana ɗauke da hedikwatar Royal Commonwealth Society da Commonwealth Local Government Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thercs.org/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society|website=thercs.org|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184110/https://thercs.org/contact/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|title=Contact us – CLGF|website=clgf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120039/http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: * Ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa (IFs) su ne hukumomin da ke kula da wani wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Misali, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Sports Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021246/https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth (CGAs) suna wakiltar tare da tsara harkokin Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth a kowace ƙasa, kuma suna gudanar da ayyuka makamantan na Kwamitocin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa. Misali, Commonwealth Games England (CGE) ita ce CGA ta Ingila. A halin yanzu, CGF ta amince da CGAs guda 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – CGA Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020021/https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwamitocin Shirya Wasannin Commonwealth (OCCWGs) su ne kwamitoci na wucin gadi da ke da alhakin shirya kowanne daga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth. Ana rushe OCCWGs bayan kammala kowanne wasa, bayan an gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe ga CGF. Turanci shi ne harshen hukuma na Commonwealth. Sauran harshen da ake amfani da shi a kowanne Wasannin Commonwealth shi ne harshen ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin (ko harsuna, idan ƙasar tana da fiye da harshen hukuma guda ɗaya ban da Turanci). Ana furta kowace sanarwa (kamar sanarwar kowace ƙasa yayin faretin ƙasashe a bikin buɗe wasannin) da waɗannan harsuna biyu (ko fiye). Idan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana da irin wannan yanayi, alhakinta ne ta zaɓi harshen ko harsunan da za a yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|title=CGF Constitution|website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> == Gudun Sandar Sarki == [[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|Gudun Sandar Jubilee na Sarauniya na [[2002 Commonwealth Games]]]] Gudun Sandar Sarki gasa ce ta gudun relay da ake yi a faɗin duniya kafin fara Wasannin Commonwealth. Sandar tana ɗauke da saƙo daga Shugaban Commonwealth. A al'ada, gudun sandar yana farawa ne daga Buckingham Palace da ke Landan a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth Day na birnin. Sarki yana miƙa sandar ga ɗan gudun relay na farko. A bikin buɗe Wasannin, ɗan gudun relay na ƙarshe yana mayar da sandar ga sarki ko wakilinsa, wanda yake karanta saƙon da babbar murya domin buɗe wasannin a hukumance. Gudun Sandar Sarki yana kama da Gudun Tocilan Olympics.<ref name="RelayTradition">{{cite web|url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues...|publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation|access-date=15 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|archive-date=11 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara wannan gudun sandar ne a [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Cardiff, Wales, a matsayin Gudun Sandar Sarauniya. Har zuwa, ciki har da [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], gudun sandar yana wucewa ne kawai ta Ingila da ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Gudun sandar na [[1998 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, shi ne na farko da ya je wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth. Gudun Sandar Sarauniya na [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostareliya, shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin Wasannin Commonwealth. Gudun ya kai kilomita 230,000 (mil 150,000) cikin kwanaki 388, inda sandar ta bi ta yankuna shida na Commonwealth, wato Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania. A karon farko, an gabatar da Sandar Sarauniya a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth yayin bugu na shida na wasannin a shekarar 2017, waɗanda aka gudanar a Nassau, Bahamas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=20 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Bukukuwan == === Buɗewa === [[File:Comm Games 2006 finale.JPG|thumb|Bikin buɗe [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] a [[Melbourne]]]] Bikin buɗe wasannin yawanci yana farawa ne da ɗaga tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin da kuma rera taken ƙasarta. Ana kuma ɗaga tutar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth, tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya da kuma tutar ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba yayin bikin buɗewar. Daga nan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na kiɗa, waƙa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adunta. Shirye-shiryen fasahar sun ƙaru wajen girma da kuma rikitarwa, yayin da ƙasashe daban-daban da suka karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ke ƙoƙarin shirya bikin da zai fi na wanda ya gabace shi jan hankali wajen tunawa. An ruwaito cewa bikin buɗe Wasannin Delhi ya kashe dala miliyan 70, inda aka kashe babban ɓangaren kuɗin wajen shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|title=The CWG opening show reality: Rs 350 crore|work=[[The Times of India]] Blog|access-date=21 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180834/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan ɓangaren shirye-shiryen fasaha na bikin, 'yan wasa suna shiga filin wasa cikin jerin ƙasashe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya ita ce a al'ada ƙasa ta farko da ke shiga. Daga nan ƙasashe suna shiga filin wasan bisa tsarin haruffan sunayensu ko kuma bisa nahiyoyi, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin su ne na ƙarshe da ke shiga. Ana gabatar da jawabai, sannan a buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A ƙarshe, ana shigar da [[Queen's Baton Relay|Sandar Sarki]] cikin filin wasa, sannan ana miƙa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum har sai ta isa ga ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa ya riƙe ta a ƙarshe, wanda galibi shahararren ɗan wasan Commonwealth ne daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Shi ne ke miƙa sandar ga [[Head of the Commonwealth|Shugaban Commonwealth]] ko wakilinsa. === Rufewa === [[File:Commonwealth Games closing ceremony picture.jpeg|thumb|Bikin rufe [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] a Delhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin rufe Wasannin Commonwealth bayan an kammala dukkan gasannin wasanni. Masu ɗauke da tutoci daga kowace ƙasa da ta shiga gasar suna shiga filin wasa, sannan 'yan wasa su biyo bayansu tare, ba tare da bambancin ƙasa ba. Shugaban kwamitin shirya wasannin da shugaban CGF suna gabatar da jawabansu na rufewa, sannan a rufe wasannin a hukumance. Shugaban CGF kuma yana magana game da yadda aka gudanar da wasannin. Magajin garin da ya shirya wasannin yana miƙa tutar CGF ga shugaban CGF, wanda daga nan yake miƙa ta ga magajin garin da zai karɓi baƙuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na gaba. Daga nan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba ita ma tana gabatar da taƙaitaccen shiri na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ke wakiltar al'adunta. Manyan masu fasaha da mawaƙa da dama sun yi wasanni a bukukuwan Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Constitution {{!}} Commonwealth Games Federation|website=CGF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> A bikin rufe kowane Wasannin Commonwealth, shugaban CGF yana bayar da wata lambar yabo tare da gabatar da kofi ga wani ɗan wasa da ya nuna bajinta da kima ta musamman, ta fuskar yadda ya yi a wasanni da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyarsa. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta kowace ƙasa ce ke zaɓar 'yan wasan da za a gabatar da sunayensu a ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe ta gasar, sannan kwamitin da ya ƙunshi shugaban CGF da wakilai daga yankuna shida na Commonwealth ya zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara. An ƙaddamar da '[[David Dixon Award]]', kamar yadda ake kiranta, a [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]], bayan marigayi David Dixon, tsohon Babban Sakataren Girmamawa na [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]], domin girmama babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasannin Commonwealth tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Oath & Award|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130116/http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gabatar da lambobin yabo === Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo bayan an kammala kowace gasa. Wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya zo na biyu da wanda ya zo na uku, ko ƙungiyoyin da suka samu waɗannan matsayi, suna tsayawa a kan matakai uku domin a ba su lambobinsu. Bayan wani memba na CGF ya bayar da lambobin, ana ɗaga tutocin ƙasashen 'yan wasan da suka samu lambobin uku, yayin da ake rera [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na ƙasar wanda ya samu lambar zinariya. 'Yan ƙasar da suka yi aikin sa-kai daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin sukan kasance masu taimakawa wajen gudanar da bukukuwan bayar da lambobin, inda suke taimaka wa jami'an da ke gabatar da lambobin tare da ɗaukar tutoci. === Taken ƙasa === "[[God Save the King]]" taken hukuma ne ko [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na [[God Save the King#Use in other Commonwealth countries|ƙasashen Commonwealth da dama]] da kuma yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu ƙasashe. Saboda haka, kuma saboda [[countries of the United Kingdom|ƙasashen da suka ƙunshi Birtaniya]] suna fafatawa daban-daban, an hana amfani da shi yayin bukukuwan hukuma, bukukuwan bayar da lambobin yabo ko kafin wasanni a gasar ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know about National Anthems|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/11-things-you-didn-t-know-about-national-anthems|access-date=7 August 2022|website=Commonwealth Games – Birmingham 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan gyaran wannan ƙa'ida da aka yi kafin Wasannin 2010, an sauya wasu daga cikin taken ƙasashen da ake amfani da su, kuma a wasu lokuta sun bambanta da taken ƙasa ko taken hukuma na ƙasar da ake iya amfani da shi a yanzu: {|class="wikitable" |- !Ƙasa ! Taken da aka yi amfani da shi a Wasannin Commonwealth !Taken ƙasa/Taken hukuma |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |"[[God Bless Anguilla]]" |rowspan="4"|"[[God Save the King]]" |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |"[[Hail to Bermuda]]" |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |"[[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands]]" |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |"[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |- |{{Flag|England}} |"[[Land of Hope and Glory]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[And did those feet in ancient time#Use as a national anthem|Jerusalem]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite web|author=Sir Andrew Foster|url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|title=England announce victory anthem for Delhi chosen by the public! – Commonwealth Games England|publisher=Weare England|date=30 May 2010|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162431/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |"[[Song of the Falklands]]" |rowspan="5"|"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" |- |{{Flag|Guernsey}} |"[[Sarnia Cherie]]" |- |{{Flag|Jersey}} |"[[Island Home (anthem)|Island Home]]" |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |"[[National Song (Montserrat)|Motherland]]" |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |"[[God Defend New Zealand]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz">{{Cite web|title=History of God Defend New Zealand {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url=https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|access-date=7 August 2022|website=mch.govt.nz|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054556/https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|url-status=dead }}</ref><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |"[[Ko e Iki he Lagi|Ko e Iki he Lagi (Ya Ubangiji, Mai cikin sama, Mai jin ƙai)]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz"/><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Norfolk Island}} |"[[Come Ye Blessed]]" |"[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |- |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |"[[Londonderry Air]]" |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |"[[My Saint Helena Island]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Scotland}} |"[[Scotland the Brave]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2010|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8449939.stm|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |"[[This Land of Ours]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Wales}} |"[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Ƙasar Kakannina)]]" |Babu; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |} ==Jerin Wasannin Commonwealth== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{location map+|North America |float = left |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Kanada da yankin Caribbean) |places = {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=43.247362|long=-79.864457|label='''1930'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=left|lat=49.283820|long=-123.122547|label='''1954'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=18.016625|long=-76.800674|label='''1966'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=53.544127|long=-113.491225|label='''1978'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=bottom|lat=48.427598|long=-123.366658|label='''1994'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|United Kingdom |float = center |width = 250 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Birtaniya) |places = {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.507222|long=-0.1275|label='''1934'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.481667|long=-3.179167|label='''1958'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=55.953333|long=-3.189167|label='''1970''', '''1986'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=53.479444|long=-2.245278|label='''2002'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=55.861111|long=-4.25|label='''2014''', '''2026'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=52.4862|long=-1.8904|label='''2022'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|Oceania |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Oceania) |places = {{Location map~|Oceania|position=left|lat=-33.859972|long=151.209444|label='''1938'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-36.857312|long=174.760972|label='''1950, 1990'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-31.950604|long=115.860778|label='''1962'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-43.734701|long=172.623768|label='''1974'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=top|lat=-27.473660|long=153.026010|label='''1982'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-37.812836|long=144.963056|label='''2006'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-28.014611|long=153.402151|label='''2018'''}} }} {{location map+|Asia |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Asiya) |places = {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=28.594864|long=77.222577|label='''2010'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=3.147778|long=101.695278|label='''1998'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=left|lat=23.0225|long=72.571389|label='''''2030'''''}} }} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" width= align="center" style="font-size: 85%; |+Bayanin Wasannin Commonwealth ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Shekara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Bugu ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Garin da ya karɓi bakunci ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar mai masaukin baki ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wanda ya buɗe ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wasanni ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Gasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyoyi ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar farawa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar ƙarewa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|'Yan wasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Manazarta |- |align=center|1930 |align="center"|{{sort|01|[[1930 British Empire Games|I]]}} |align=left|[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada|1921}} |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Viscount Willingdon]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|59||align="center"|11 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 August 1930}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 August 1930}}||align="center"|400 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align="center"|1934 |align="center"|{{sort|02|[[1934 British Empire Games|II]]}} |align="left"|[[London]] |align="left"|{{flag|England}} |[[George V|King George V]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|68||align="center"|16 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1934}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 August 1934}}||align="center"|500 |- |align="center"|1938 |align="center"|{{sort|03|[[1938 British Empire Games|III]]}} |align="left"|[[Sydney]] |align="left"|{{flag|Australia}} |[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|Lord Wakehurst]] |align="center"|7||align="center"|71||align="center"|15 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|5 February 1938}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 February 1938}}||align="center"|464 |align="left"|{{AUS}} |- |align="center"|1942 |align="center"|– |align="left"|[[Montreal]] |align="left"|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |colspan="9" rowspan="2" align="center"|''An soke saboda [[World War II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]<ref name="The Commonwealth Games 2017">The Complete Book of The Commonwealth Games (Gold Coast Edition) by Graham Groom (2017)</ref>'' |- |align="center"|1946 |align=center|– |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1807}} |- |align=center|1950 |align="center"|{{sort|04|[[1950 British Empire Games|IV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |[[Bernard Freyberg|Sir Bernard Freyberg]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|88||align="center"|12 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 February 1950}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 February 1950}}||align="center"|590 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1954 |align="center"|{{sort|05|[[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|V]]}} |align=left|[[Vancouver]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Earl Alexander of Tunis]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|91||align="center"|24 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 July 1954}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|7 August 1954}}||align="center"|662 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1958 |align="center"|{{sort|06|[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI]]}} |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1953}} |rowspan="5"|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|94||align="center"|36 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 July 1958}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 July 1958}}||align="center"|1,122 |- |align=center|1962 |align="center"|{{sort|07|[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Perth]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|104||align="center"|35 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|22 November 1962}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|1 December 1962}}||align="center"|863 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1966 |align="center"|{{sort|08|[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |align=left|{{flag|Jamaica}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|110||align="center"|34 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1966}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|13 August 1966}}||align="center"|1,050 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1970 |align="center"|{{sort|09|[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|42 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 July 1970}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 1970}}||align="center"|1,383 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1974 |align="center"|{{sort|10|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X]]}} |align=left|[[Christchurch]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|38 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1974}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 February 1974}}||align="center"|1,276 |- |align=center|1978 |align="center"|{{sort|11|[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Edmonton]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|128||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 1978}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 August 1978}}||align="center"|1,474 |align=left|{{CAN}} |- |align=center|1982 |align="center"|{{sort|12|[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII]]}} |align=left|[[Brisbane]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|142||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 September 1982}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|9 October 1982}}||align="center"|1,583 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1986 |align="center"|{{sort|13|[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|163||align="center"|26 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 July 1986}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August 1986}}||align="center"|1,662 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1990 |align="center"|{{sort|14|[[1990 Commonwealth Games|XIV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|204||align="center"|55 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1990}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 February 1990}}||align="center"|2,073 | rowspan="6" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1994 |align="center"|{{sort|15|[[1994 Commonwealth Games|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|217||align="center"|63 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 August 1994}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 August 1994}}||align="center"|2,557 |- |align=center|1998 |align="center"|{{sort|16|[[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Kuala Lumpur]] |align=left|{{flag|Malaysia}} |[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar]] |align="center"|15||align="center"|213||align="center"|70 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 September 1998}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|21 September 1998}}||align="center"|3,633 |- |align=center|2002 |align="center"|{{sort|17|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Manchester]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|281||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 2002}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 2002}}||align="center"|3,679 |- |align=center|2006 |align="center"|{{sort|18|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align="center"|17||align="center"|245||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 March 2006}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 March 2006}}||align="center"|4,049 |- |align=center|2010 |align="center"|{{sort|19|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Delhi]] |align=left|{{flag|India}} |[[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Patil]] da<br />[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|272||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 October 2010}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|14 October 2010}}||align="center"|4,352 |- |align=center|2014 |align="center"|{{sort|20|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|261||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2014}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 2014}}||align="center"|4,947 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|2018 |align="center"|{{sort|21|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align=left rowspan="2"|[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|275||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 April 2018}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 April 2018}}||align="center"|4,426 | rowspan="3" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|2022 |align="center"|{{sort|22|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Birmingham]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |align="center"|'''20'''||align="center"|'''283'''||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 July 2022}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|8 August 2022}}||align="center"|'''5,054''' |- |align=center|2026 |align="center"|{{sort|23|[[2026 Commonwealth Games|XXIII]]}} |align="left"|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |align="align=left"|[[Charles III|Sarki Charles III]] |align="center"|10 |align="center"|215 |align="center"|'''74''' |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2026}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August}} |align=center|~3,000 |- |align=center|2030 |align=center|[[2030 Commonwealth Games|XXIV]] |align=left|[[Ahmedabad]] |align=left|{{flagu|India}} | colspan="8" |{{Center|Ba a yanke ba}} |} == Teburin lambobin yabo == <small>'''*Lura: Ƙasashen da aka rubuta da ''haruffa masu karkata'' ba sa shiga Wasannin Commonwealth a yanzu.'''</small> :''An sabunta bayan [[2026 Commonwealth Games]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-games-all-time-medal-table-after-birmingham-2022 | title=Commonwealth Games: All-time medal table, after Birmingham 2022 | website=www.olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/#/www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/|title=Glasgow 2026|website=Glasgow 2026}}</ref>, {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagCGF | event = | team = CGA | gold_AUS = 1071 | silver_AUS = 879 | bronze_AUS = 823 | gold_ENG = 802 | silver_ENG = 828 | bronze_ENG = 802 | gold_CAN = 529 | silver_CAN = 568 | bronze_CAN = 612 | gold_IND = 215 | silver_IND = 207 | bronze_IND = 180 | gold_NZL = 189 | silver_NZL = 246 | bronze_NZL = 308 | gold_SCO = 145 | silver_SCO = 152 | bronze_SCO = 244 | gold_RSA = 144 | silver_RSA = 143 | bronze_RSA = 157 | gold_KEN = 94 | silver_KEN = 84 | bronze_KEN = 92 | gold_NGR = 92 | silver_NGR = 91 | bronze_NGR = 112 | gold_WAL = 84 | silver_WAL = 114 | bronze_WAL = 167 | gold_MAS = 74| silver_MAS = 76| bronze_MAS = 94 | gold_JAM = 75| silver_JAM = 57| bronze_JAM = 63 | gold_NIR = 40 | silver_NIR = 50 | bronze_NIR = 68 | gold_SGP = 40 | silver_SGP = 33 | bronze_SGP = 36 | gold_PAK = 27 | silver_PAK = 27 | bronze_PAK = 29 | gold_CYP = 26 | silver_CYP = 21 | bronze_CYP = 29 | gold_UGA = 19 | silver_UGA = 18 | bronze_UGA = 26 | gold_GHA = 15 | silver_GHA = 21 | bronze_GHA = 29 | note_GHA = {{ref|a|[a]}} | gold_TRI = 13 | silver_TRI = 26 | bronze_TRI = 30 | gold_BAH = 12 | silver_BAH = 14 | bronze_BAH = 14 | gold_CMR = 12 | silver_CMR = 13 | bronze_CMR = 20 | gold_NRU = 10 | silver_NRU = 11 | bronze_NRU = 12 | gold_SAM = 7 | silver_SAM = 13 | bronze_SAM = 11 | gold_ZIM = 6 | silver_ZIM = 9 | bronze_ZIM = 14 | name_ZIM = ''{{flagCGF|ZIM}}'' | note_ZIM = {{ref|b|[b]}} | gold_TAN = 6 | silver_TAN = 7 | bronze_TAN = 11 | gold_ZAM = 5 | silver_ZAM = 13 | bronze_ZAM = 26 | note_ZAM = {{ref|c|[c]}} | gold_SRI = 5 | silver_SRI = 10 | bronze_SRI = 11 | note_SRI = {{ref|d|[d]}} | gold_PNG = 5 | silver_PNG = 8 | bronze_PNG = 3 | gold_FIJ = 5 | silver_FIJ = 7 | bronze_FIJ = 13 | gold_BOT = 5 | silver_BOT = 6 | bronze_BOT = 8 | gold_NAM = 5 | silver_NAM = 5 | bronze_NAM = 17 | gold_HKG = 5 | silver_HKG = 2 | bronze_HKG = 10 | name_HKG = ''{{flagCGF|HKG}}'' | gold_GUY = 4 | silver_GUY = 6 | bronze_GUY = 6 | note_GUY = {{ref|e|[e]}} | gold_IOM = 4 | silver_IOM = 3 | bronze_IOM = 7 | gold_GRN = 4 | silver_GRN = 2 | bronze_GRN = 2 | gold_BAR = 3 | silver_BAR = 5 | bronze_BAR = 8 | gold_BER = 3 | silver_BER = 2 | bronze_BER = 4 | gold_IVB = 3 | silver_IVB = 0 | bronze_IVB = 0 | gold_MRI = 2 | silver_MRI = 11 | bronze_MRI = 9 | gold_BAN = 2 | silver_BAN = 4 | bronze_BAN = 2 | gold_MOZ = 2 | silver_MOZ = 4 | bronze_MOZ = 3 | gold_JER = 2 | silver_JER = 1 | bronze_JER = 3 | gold_SVG = 2 | silver_SVG = 0 | bronze_SVG = 1 | gold_GUE = 1 | silver_GUE = 5 | bronze_GUE = 3 | gold_DMA = 1 | silver_DMA = 2 | bronze_DMA = 1 | gold_LES = 1 | silver_LES = 1 | bronze_LES = 3 | gold_LCA = 1 | silver_LCA = 1 | bronze_LCA = 3 | gold_CAY = 1 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1 | gold_KIR = 1 | silver_KIR = 0 | bronze_KIR = 0 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0 | gold_SEY = 0 | silver_SEY = 3 | bronze_SEY = 4 | gold_FRN = 0 | silver_FRN = 2 | bronze_FRN = 5 | name_FRN = ''{{flagCGF|FRN}}'' | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 1 | bronze_MLT = 7 | gold_SWZ = 0 | silver_SWZ = 1 | bronze_SWZ = 3 |note_SWZ = {{ref|f|[f]}} | gold_GAM = 0 | silver_GAM = 1 | bronze_GAM = 2 | gold_IRE = 0 | silver_IRE = 1 | bronze_IRE = 0 | name_IRE = ''{{flagCGF|IRE}}'' | gold_TON = 0 | silver_TON = 0 | bronze_TON = 4 | gold_MAW = 0 | silver_MAW = 0 | bronze_MAW = 3 | gold_NFI = 0 | silver_NFI = 0 | bronze_NFI = 3 | gold_VAN = 0 | silver_VAN = 0 | bronze_VAN = 3 | gold_COK = 0 | silver_COK = 0 | bronze_COK = 1 | gold_NIU = 0 | silver_NIU = 0 | bronze_NIU = 1 | gold_SOL = 0 | silver_SOL = 0 | bronze_SOL = 1 | gold_GAB = 0 | silver_GAB = 0 | bronze_GAB = 1 | gold_RWA = 0 | silver_RWA = 0 | bronze_RWA = 1 | gold_TUV = 0 | silver_TUV = 0 | bronze_TUV = 1 }} *<small>{{note|a|[a]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Ghana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|GCO}}</small> *<small>{{note|b|[b]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zimbabwe]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|SRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|c|[c]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zambia]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|NRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|d|[d]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Sri Lanka]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|CEY}}</small> *<small>{{note|e|[e]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Guyana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|BGU}}</small> *<small>{{note|f|[f]}} Swaziland ta sauya sunanta zuwa [[Eswatini]]</small> ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Commonwealth Games Federation symbol (2019- Till Date).svg|30px]] '''Teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth [[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table|a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1930 Commonwealth Games|1930]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1934 Commonwealth Games|1934]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1938 Commonwealth Games|1938]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1950 Commonwealth Games|1950]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1954 Commonwealth Games|1954]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1958 Commonwealth Games|1958]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1962 Commonwealth Games|1962]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1974 Commonwealth Games|1974]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1978 Commonwealth Games|1978]]: {{flag|Canada}} * [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2006 Commonwealth Games medal table|2006]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2010 Commonwealth Games medal table|2010]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2014 Commonwealth Games medal table|2014]]: {{flag|England}} * [[2018 Commonwealth Games medal table|2018]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2022 Commonwealth Games medal table|2022]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2026 Commonwealth Games medal table|2026]]: {{flag|Australia}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} == Wasannin Commonwealth == Sabanin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni, Wasannin Commonwealth suna da tsarin wasanni mai sassauci wanda ke mutunta ababen more rayuwa da bukatun birnin da ya karbi bakuncin. Hakanan ana bayyana wannan a cikin kwanakin gudanarwa, wadanda za su iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin sararin samaniya na kowane birni mai karbar bakunci. Saboda haka, tsarin kowane gudanarwa ya bambanta. Tsakanin 1930 da 1994, wasannin mutum daya kawai ne suka kasance bangaren tsarin kuma sai a shekara ta 1998 aka ba da izinin kara wasannin kungiya. Ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane gudanarwa tun daga lokacin don samun jerin wasanni na tilas guda bakwai zuwa goma wadanda dole ne a buga su a wannan gudanarwa kuma dole ne a amince da su shekaru 4 a gaba. Don haka, karancin adadin wasanni a kowane gudanarwa shi ne 10 kuma mafi yawa shi ne 17. Duk da haka, bukatun gida na iya kara adadin wasannin da ake gwada sa'a a kansu. Mafi shahararru sun hada da kokawa ta 'yanci a Delhi 2010 da wasan kwalallon raga na rairayi a Gold Coast 2018. Za kuma a iya yin wasu kebantattun kebance-kebance, kamar wanda aka yi a gudanarwa ta karshe da aka yi a Birmingham, Ingila, inda aka kara sauran wasanni 3 na daban a cikin tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Commonwealth Games Charter|website=thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Dokokin na yanzu kuma suna kayyade daidaiton jinsi, inda maza da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gudanarwar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|title=Level playing field for women at 2018 Commonwealth Games|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=7 October 2016|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009205111/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|title=Gold Coast 2018 to offer same amount of medals for men and women after seven events added|last1=McKay|first1=Duncan|date=7 October 2016|website=Insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=7 October 2016|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034918/http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita ba ta musamman ga Wasannin 2026, yayin da Glasgow ta karbi bakunci a matsayin gaggawa. Sakamakon haka, tsarin zai kunshi wasanni 10 kawai—mafi karancin adadi tun daga Wasannin 1994:<ref name="BBCSportsOct24">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o|title=Sports announced for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games |first1=Megan |last1=Bonar |first2=Jonathan |last2=Geddes |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117144915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o |archive-date=17 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akwai jimillar wasanni 23 (tare da wasannin fannoni daban-daban guda uku) da Wasannin Para guda goma wadanda Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta amince da su. {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Harbin Kibiya |Muhu |1982, 2010 |- |Wasannin Motsa Jiki (Athletics) |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para Athletics |Muhu |1994, 2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead>{{cite web|url =https://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title = Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD)|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223559/https://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |- |Badminton |Na Zabi |1966–2022 |- |Kwallon Kwando | |2006, 2018 |- |Kwallon Kwando 3x3 |Na Zabi |2022–yanzu |- |Damben Boksin |Na Zabi |1930–yanzu |- |Kurriket |Na Zabi |1998, 2022 |- |Keken Tsauni (Mountain Bike) |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports>{{cite web|url = https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|title = Sports Programme|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223656/https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |2002–2006, 2014–yanzu |- |Keke na Para Track |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |2014–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Hanyar Mota |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1938–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Filin Wasa |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1934–yanzu |- |Ninkaya ta Tsalle (Diving) |Na Zabi |1930–2022 |- |Hoki |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Jimnastik ta Fasaha |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–yanzu |- |Jimnastik ta Rhythmic |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–1998, 2006–yanzu |- |Judo |Na Zabi |1990, 2002, 2014 (Na Zabi), 2022-yanzu |- |Lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1930–1962, 1970–yanzu |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Para lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1994, 2002, 2014–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Netball (Mata) |Na Zabi |1998–yanzu |- |Daukar Nauyi ta Powerlifting |Na Zabi |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Rugby sevens |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Harbin Bindiga |Na Zabi |1966, 1974–2018 |- |Squash |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Ninkaya |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para ninkaya |Muhu |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Kwallon Tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Para kwallon tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Triathlon |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2006, 2014–2022 |- |Kwallon Raga (Rairayi) |Na Zabi |2018–2022 |- |Daukar Nauyi (Weightlifting) |Na Zabi |1950–yanzu |- |Kokawa ('Yanci) |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |} |} A shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yarda da manyan take-take a tsarin wanda ya kara adadin muhimman wasanni, yayin da aka cire wasu na zabi, wadanda aka cire an jera su a kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|title=Commonwealth Games transformed to attract aspiring cities|date=2 April 2015|last=Avison|first=Ben|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223534/http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa (Canoeing) |Na Zabi |Taba<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|title=Canoeing closer to being a full-medal event|publisher=Commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com|date=11 June 2010|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125164430/http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Bunkasa (Rowing) |Na Zabi |1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Katako (Sailing) |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Softball |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Ninkaya ta Tare (Synchronised swimming) |Na Zabi |Muhu tsakanin 1986 da 2006 |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Taekwondo |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Wasan Tenis |Na Zabi |2010 |- |Ten-pin bowling |Na Zabi |1998 |- |Kokawa (Greco-Roman) |Na Zabi |2010 |} |} Wasanni irin su wadannan wasanni ne da Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yi nazari a kansu amma wadanda ake ganin suna bukatar fadada su a fannoni kamar matakan shiga tsakani a cikin Commonwealth ko a matakin kasa (Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa) da matakin wasannin motsa jiki na tushe, Fannin Kasuwanci, Haqqoqin Gidan Tabiijin, Daidaito, da Kudade Karbar Bakunci, bisa ga Doka ta 6 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Wasannin Commonwealth;<ref name="CGFConstitutionRegulation6">[https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|date=13 July 2019}}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 27 July 2022.</ref> kasashe masu karbar bakunci ba za su iya zabar wadannan wasannin don tsarin su ba har sai an cika bukatun Hukumar.<ref name=Sports>[http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ Sports Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502101439/http://www.thecgf.com/sports/|date=2 May 2013 }}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 4 June 2016.</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Billiards |An Amince |Taba |- |Wasan Takobi (Fencing) |An Amince |1950–1970 |- |Kwallon Kafa |An Amince |Taba |- |Golf |An Amince |2026 |- |Handball |An Amince |Taba |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Ceto Rai (Life saving) |An Amince |Taba |- |Rugby league |An Amince |Taba |- |Kwallon Raga (Cikin gida) |An Amince |Taba |- |Water Polo |An Amince |1950 |- |} |} == Kasashen da ke halarta == Kungiyoyi guda shida kacal ne suka halarci kowane gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth: Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila, New Zealand, Scotland, da Wales. Ostiraliya ita ce kungiyar da ta fi samun maki mafi tsayi a wasanni guda goma sha uku, Ingila guda bakwai, Kanada kuma guda daya. [[File:Commonwealth Games years participants.PNG|upright=2.75|thumb|alt=Wuraren da aka gudanar da wasannin, da kasashen da suka halarta| {{legend2|#9966cc|Kasashen da suka karbi bakunci, ko ke shirin karbar bakuncin lamarin|border=solid 1px#AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#d45c4c|Sauran kasashen da ke shiga wasannin|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#54e464|Kasashen da suka taba shiga wasannin amma a yanzu ba sa yi|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{0}}'''•'''<span style="margin:0; font-size:90%;">{{0}} Biranen da suka karbi bakunci da shekarar gudanar da wasannin</span>|center]] {{Cleanup section|date=June 2025|reason=Kasancewar teburin a rushe kyakkyawan tunani ne, amma yana bukatar gyara daga wanda ya fahimci tsarin.}} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em auto;" |- ! colspan=24|Teburin Halartar Kungiyoyi ta Banbancin Gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth |- ! rowspan="6" style="background:#cedaf2;"|Kungiya !Gudanarwa |I |II |III |IV |V |VI |VII |VIII |IX |X |XI |XII |XIII |XIV |XV |XVI |XVII |XVIII |XIX |XX |XXI |XXII |- ! Shekara |1930 |1934 |1938 |1950 |1954 |1958 |1962 |1966 |1970 |1974 |1978 |1982 |1986 |1990 |1994 |1998 |2002 |2006 |2010 |2014 |2018 2022 ! Tutar Mai Masaukin Baki {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon - ! Birnin mai masaukin baki Hamilton, Ontario London Sydney Auckland Vancouver Cardiff Perth Kingston, Jamaica Edinburgh Christchurch Edmonton Brisbane Edinburgh Auckland Victoria, British Columbia Kuala Lumpur Manchester Melbourne Delhi Glasgow Gold Coast, Queensland Birmingham - ! Halartar \ Kasa mai masaukin baki Kanada Ingila Ostiraliya New Zealand Kanada Wales Ostiraliya Jamaica Scotland New Zealand Kanada Ostiraliya Scotland New Zealand Kanada Malaysia Ingila Ostiraliya Indiya Scotland Ostiraliya Ingila - ! colspan=23 - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - 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align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:light" |} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{flag|Aden}}{{efn|name=n1|Aden daga baya ta koma Larabawa ta Kudu a shekara ta 1963 kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 1967.}}||1962 |- |{{AIA}}{{efn|name=n2|Anguilla ta ware gabataki daya daga Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla a shekara ta 1980 kuma sauran Saint Kitts da Nevis suka samu yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1983.}}||1998– |- |{{ANZ}}||1911 |- |{{ATG}}||1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{AUS}}||1930– |- |{{BHS}}||1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{BGD}}||1978, 1990– |- |{{BRB}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BLZ}}{{efn|name=n4|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Honduras suna zuwa Belize a shekara ta 1973.}}||1978, 1994– |- |{{BMU}}||1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BWA}}||1974, 1982– |- |{{flag|British Guiana}}{{efn|name=n3|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Guiana suna zuwa Guyana a shekara ta 1966.}}||1930–1938, 1954–1962 |- |{{flag|British Honduras}}{{efn|name=n4}}||1962–1966 |- |{{VGB}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||1990– |- |{{CMR}}||1998– |- |{{CAN}}||1911, 1930– |- |{{CYM}}||1978– |- |{{flag|Ceylon}}{{efn|name=n5|An sauya wa Ceylon suna zuwa Sri Lanka a shekara ta 1972.}}||1938–1950, 1958–1970 |- |{{COK}}||1974–1978, 1986– |- |{{CYP}}||1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{DMA}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |- |{{ENG}}||1930– |- |{{SWZ}}||2022– |- |{{FLK}}||1982– |- |{{FJI}}{{efn|name=n6|An sake dakatar da Fiji daga Commonwealth da Wasannin 2010 a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10594683">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|title=Fiji suspended from Commonwealth|date=2 September 2009|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214100247/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|archive-date=14 February 2012|url-status=live }}</ref> An janye dakatarwar da aka yi wa Fiji daga Commonwealth a kan lokaci gabanin Wasannin 2014 biyo bayan zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Maris na 2014.}}||1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |- |{{GAB}}||2026– |- |{{GMB}}{{efn|name=n7|Gambia ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2013, amma ta sake komawa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2018; an sake karbar Gambia zuwa Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth a watan Maris na 2018.}}||1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |- |{{GHA}}{{efn|name=n8|An sauya wa Gold Coast (kasa mai mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya) suna zuwa Ghana a shekara ta 1957.}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{GIB}}||1958– |- |{{flag|Gold Coast}}{{efn|name=n8}}||1954 |- |{{GRD}}||1970–1982, 1998– |- |{{GGY}}{{efn|name=n9|Har da Tsibirai na makwabtaka.}}||1970– |- |{{GUY}}{{efn|name=n3}}||1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|British Hong Kong|1959|name=Hong Kong}}{{efn|name=n10|Hong Kong ba ta taba zamowa mamban Commonwealth ba amma ta kasance yanki na wata kasa ta Commonwealth; ta daina kasancewa a Commonwealth lokacin da aka mika yankin zuwa China a shekara ta 1997.}}||1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |- |{{IND}}||1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{flagdeco|Leinster}} Ireland{{efn|name=n11|An wakilci Ireland a matsayin kungiya guda daga tsibirin baki daya a shekara ta 1930, kuma ta kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda ke wakiltar Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci, da Ireland ta Arewa a shekara ta 1934. An sauya wa Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci suna a hukumance zuwa Éire a shekara ta 1937 amma ba ta halarci Wasannin 1938 ba, kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth lokacin da ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1949.}}{{efn|name=n12|Kayan hotuna na wancan lokacin suna nuna Tutar Kore da aka yi amfani da ita ga kungiyar Ireland.}}||1930 |- |{{flag|Irish Free State}}{{efn|name=n11}}||1934 |- |{{IMN}}||1958– |- |{{JAM}}||1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{JEY}}{{efn|name=n9}}||1958– |- |{{KEN}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{KIR}}||1998– |- |{{LSO}}||1974– |- |{{MWI}}||1970– |- |{{flag|Malaya}}{{efn|name=n13|Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak da Singapore sun haɗu a matsayin Malaysia a shekara ta 1963. An kori Singapore daga tarayyar a shekara ta 1965, ta zama kasa mai 'yancin kanta.}}||1950, 1958–1962 |- |{{MYS}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{MDV}}{{efn|name=n14|Maldives ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|date=14 October 2016|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|title=Maldives set to miss Gold Coast 2018 after resigning from Commonwealth|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017014931/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> amma an sake karberta a shekara ta 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1097892/maldives-commonwealth-games-rejoined|title=Maldives readmitted as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|last=Palmer|first=Dan|date=31 August 2020|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=|access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|title=Maldives re-joins as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|website=thecgf.com|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF)|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413112835/https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}||1986–2014, 2022– |- |{{MLT}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{MUS}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{MSR}}||1994– |- |{{MOZ}}||1998– |- |{{NAM}}||1994– |- |{{NRU}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Newfoundland}}{{efn|name=n15|Newfoundland ta koma karkashin Kanada a shekara ta 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of Union|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live }}</ref>}}||1930–1934 |- |{{NZL}}||1930– |- |{{NGA}}||1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |- |{{NIU}}||2002– |- |{{NFK}}||1986–<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|title=Norfolk Island|website=Gold Coast 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games|access-date=16 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205144938/https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|archive-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} North Borneo{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{NIR}}{{efn|name=n11}}{{efn|name=n16|Ulster Banner ta kasance tutar tsohuwar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa ne kawai tsakanin shekarun 1953 da 1972, amma ana daukar tutar a matsayin tutar Ireland ta Arewa tun daga shekara ta 1924 tsakanin 'yan kungiyar haɗin kai da 'yan amincin Ulster. Ulster Banner ita ce tutar wasanni ta Ireland ta Arewa a sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni kamar Kofin Duniya na FIFA da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Wasan Raga na FIVB.}}||1934–1938, 1954– |- |{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18|Rhodesia ta Kudu da Rhodesia ta Arewa sun yi gasa daban-daban a shekarun 1954 da 1958 yayin da dukansu biyu ke zaman bangare na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland.}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1954–1958 |- |{{PAK}}||1954–1970, 1990– |- |{{PNG}}||1962–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1962 |- |{{RWA}}||2010– |- |{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1978 |- |{{flag|Saint Helena}}{{efn|name=n19|A karkashin sunan "Saint Helena" a Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Commonwealth Countries|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063259/http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun kasance yankunan da ke karkashin Saint Helena, saboda haka ana kiran yankin a hukumance "Saint Helena da Yankunanta" har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Saint Helena, Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun zama madaidaitan sassa na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha a shekara ta 2009.}}||1982, 1998– |- |{{SKN}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1990– |- |{{LCA}}||1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{VCT}}||1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |- |{{SAM}}{{efn|name=n20}}||1998– |- |{{flagicon|Crown Colony of Sarawak}} Sarawak{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{SCO}}||1930– |- |{{SYC}}||1990– |- |{{SLE}}||1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |- |{{SGP}}{{efn|name=n13}}||1958– |- |{{SLB}}||1982, 1990– |- |{{ZAF}}||1911–1958, 1994– |- |{{flag|South Arabia}}{{efn|name=n1}}||1966 |- |{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1934–1958 |- |{{LKA}}||1974–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}{{efn|name=n24}}||1970–2018 |- |{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}}{{efn|name=n21|Zanzibar da Tanganyika sun haɗu don kafa Tanzania a shekara ta 1964.}}||1962 |- |{{TZA}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{TOG}}||2026– |- |{{TON}}||1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{TTO}}||1934–1982, 1990– |- |{{TCA}}||1978, 1998– |- |{{TUV}}||2002– |- |{{UGA}}||1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{GBR}}||1911{{efn|name=n23|Birtaniya ce ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Cikin Empaya a shekara ta 1911. An gudanar da wannan lamarin kafin gudanarwa ta farko ta Wasannin da aka yi a Hamilton, Kanada a shekara ta 1930.}} |- |{{VUT}}||1982– |- |{{WAL}}||1930– |- |{{flag|Western Samoa}}{{efn|name=n20|An sauya wa Samoa ta Yamma suna zuwa Samoa a shekara ta 1997.}}||1974–1994 |- |{{ZMB}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1970–1982, 1990– |- |{{ZWE}}{{efn|name=n22|Zimbabwe ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2003.}}||1982, 1990–2002 |} |} === Kasashen Commonwealth da ba su tura kungiyoyi ba tukuna === Kadan ne kawai daga cikin kasashen Commonwealth da yankunanta ba su taba shiga tsakani ba tukuna:<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014">{{cite web|title=Associated & Overseas Territories|website=Commonwealth of Nations|date=14 April 2014|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921075014/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|title=Commonwealth Games Non-Participating Countries|website=topendsports.com|language=en|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203014/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McConnachie 2014">{{cite web|last=McConnachie|first=Alistair|title=Looking Towards the British Wealth in Common Games|website=A Force For Good|date=21 June 2014|url=https://www.aforceforgood.org.uk/games/bcw1#linkfour|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tokelau, yanki na New Zealand, ana saran za ta shiga a karon farko a Wasannin 2010 a Delhi amma ba ta yi hakan ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|title=Commonwealth Games 2010|accessdate=17 November 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020092950/http://commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|archivedate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an bayyana Tokelau a matsayin wadda ba ta dace da shiga Wasannin Commonwealth ba har sai ta kasance tana da alaƙa da aƙalla tarayya guda biyar na wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="RNZ 2018">{{cite web|title=Sport: Tokelau wrestling earns Commonwealth nod|website=RNZ |date=11 May 2018|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/357136/sport-tokelau-wrestling-earns-commonwealth-nod|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tsibirin Keresimasi da Tsibirin Cocos (Keeling), wadanda dukansu yankuna ne na waje na Ostiraliya kamar Tsibirin Norfolk, ba su tura nasu kungiyoyin ba tukuna. * Akrotiri da Dhekelia, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya da ke tsakiya a kewayen sansanonin sojin Birtaniya, ba ta tura nata kungiyar ba tukuna. * Tsibirin Pitcairn, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya, ba ya shiga saboda karancin yawan jama'a (kewaye da mutane 50).<ref name="Pitcairn">{{cite web|title=Pitcairn's Population|website=LibGuides at Pacific Union College|date=3 May 2021|url=https://puc.libguides.com/PISC-pitcairnpopulation|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Sauran yankuna masu jama'a da shiyyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin Commonwealth, kamar Alderney da Sark (bangare na Bailiwick na Guernsey), Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha (sassa na Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha), Nevis (bangaren tarayya na Tarayyar Saint Kitts da Nevis), Rodrigues (tsibiri na waje na Mauritius), da Zanzibar (bangaren da ke cin gashin kansa na Tanzania), ba a daukar su a matsayin guda biyu daban-daban ko yankunan ketare teku ta Commonwealth<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014"/> don haka ba su da damar samun cancanta. === 'Yan wasan da aka ki amincewa da su === Masu fafutuka daga lardin Ingila na Cornwall sun bukaci Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth da ta ba Cornwall damar shiga daban a Wasannin 2006, amma CGF ta ki amincewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa "Cornwall ba komai ba ce illa lardin Ingila" kuma ya ba 'yan wasan Cornwall shawarar da su yi gasa a kungiyar Ingila.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006">{{cite web|title=Cornish out of running for Games|website=BBC NEWS|date=2 January 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/4575246.stm|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Harris 2006">{{cite web|last=Harris|first=John|title=John Harris: Cornwall wants to be a part of Commonwealth Games|website=the Guardian|date=4 January 2006|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/04/johnharris.features11|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jam'iyyar siyasa ta Cornwall Mebyon Kernow ta nemi a ba kungiyar Cornwall damar shiga Wasannin 2022 amma ba ta samu nasara ba.<ref name="Hart 2022">{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Emma|title=Calls for Cornwall to be allowed to enter its own team at the next Commonwealth Games|website=Pirate FM|date=2 August 2022|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/pirate-fm/local/news/calls-for-cornwall-team-at-commonwealth-games/|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jamhuriyar Birtaniya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta nemi shiga Wasannin 2006, amma an ki amincewa da ita saboda karancin amincewa daga kasashen duniya.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006"/> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == === Kwangilar birnin da zai karbi bakunci === Wasannin Empaya na Birtaniya na 1934, wadanda aka amince a shekara ta 1930 za a gudanar a Johannesburg, an mayar da su London bayan gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta lokacin kafin wariyar launin fata (apartheid) ta ki amincewa da halartar 'yan wasa masu launin fata.<ref name="Gorman2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DlxTDEIaYC&pg=PA170|title=The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s|last=Gorman|first=Daniel|date=31 July 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107021136|page=170|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> An fara ba Durban damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2015, a Babban Taron CGF a Auckland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban confirmed as 2022 host city|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804195951/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An ruwaito a watan Fabrairu na 2017 cewa Durban ba za ta iya karbar bakuncin wasannin ba saboda karancin kudi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2017, CGF ta janye hakkin karbar bakuncin daga Durban sannan ta sake bude tsarin neman neman karbar bakunci na wasannin 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban, South Africa will not host Games in 2022|date=13 March 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204162108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Birane da dama daga Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila da Malaysia sun nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin wasannin. Sai dai, CGF ta samu bukata guda daya tak a hukumance wadda ta fito daga Birmingham, Ingila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Birmingham only bidder for event|date=30 September 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201195548/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2017, an ba Birmingham damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin 2022 a matsayin mai karbar bakunci na gurbi Durban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|title=Birmingham officially named as 2022 Commonwealth Games host city|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=21 December 2017|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184516/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An zabi hadakar bukata daga birane 6 na jihar Victoria a Ostiraliya don karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Dan Andrews ya sanar cewa jihar ta janye daga karbar bakuncin taron saboda karuwa mai tarin yawa a kiyasin kudin taron. Kiyasin farko na kudin ya kasance kusan Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 2.6, amma sabbin kiyasoshi na nuna kudin zai iya kaiwa kusa da Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 6 zuwa 7.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pender|first=Kieran|date=18 July 2023|title=Does Victoria's 2026 cancellation sound Commonwealth Games death knell?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/18/commonwealth-games-2026-cancellation-will-it-return-victoria|access-date=6 August 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, gwamnatin jihar Victoria ta sanar da cewa ta soke shirinta na karbar bakuncin wasannin, ta hanyar kawo hujjar karuwar kiyasin kudaden da ake tsammanin kashewa idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Ba tare da samun birnin da zai karbi bakunci ba, akwai yandancin cewa za a daga wasannin zuwa shekarar 2027 ko kuma soke su gabataki daya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=17 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Costs Too High At Over $6 Billion {{!}} Premier of Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/commonwealth-games-costs-too-high-over-6-billion|access-date=18 July 2023|website=www.premier.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":CancelledGuardian">{{Cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Karp|first2=Cait|last2=Kelly|first3=Adeshola|last3=Ore|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/18/australia-commonwealth-games-2026-victoria-cancels-event-after-costs-blow-out-to-7bn|title =Australia Commonwealth Games 2026: Victoria cancels event after costs blow out to $7bn|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 July 2023|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, an sanar cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasannin na 2026 a Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko | title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 | date=17 September 2024 }}</ref> === Yajin aiki / Yoyikoti === Kamar dai Wasannin Olympic, Wasannin Commonwealth ma sun fuskanci yajin aikin kin halarta (boycott): Nijeriya ta gudanar da yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin Commonwealth na 1978 a Edmonton domin nuna zanga-zangar nuna adawa da huldar wasanni ta New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Uganda ma ta nisanta kanta, domin adawa da zargin kiyayyar Kanada ga gwamnatin Idi Amin.<ref name="MacintoshHawes1994"/><ref name="Edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – 1978 Commonwealth Games – Introduction|website=thecgf.com|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414194244/http://thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|archive-date=14 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:1986 Commonwealth Games (Edinburgh) boycotting countries (red).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin 1986 an yi musu fentin ja|alt=|300x300px]] A lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 a Edinburgh, mafi yawancin kasashen Commonwealth sun yi yajin aikin kin halarta, wanda ya sa Wasannin suka kasance tamkar na fararen fata kawai. Kasashe talatin da biyu daga cikin hamsin da tara da suka dace su shiga—mafi yawansu kasashen Afirka, Asiya da Karibiyan—sun nisanta kansu saboda manufar gwamnatin Thatcher na ci gaba da rike huldar wasanni ta Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata a maimakon shiga cikin yajin aikin kin gudanar da wasanni na gaba daya da kasar. Sakamakon haka, Edinburgh 1986 ta shaida mafi karancin adadin 'yan wasa tun bayan Auckland 1950.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Degun |first1=Tom |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|title=Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed &#124; Glasgow 2014|work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |date=29 February 2012|publisher=insidethegames.biz|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811024929/http://insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin sun hada da Antigua da Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, Indiya, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nijeriya, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tsibirin Solomon, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts da Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad da Tobago, Tanzania, Tsibirin Turks da Caicos, Uganda, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-20-mn-17233-story.html|title=8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23|agency=Reuters|date=20 July 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010750/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-20/news/mn-17233_1_commonwealth-games|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bermuda ta kasance mai janye jiki a makare, domin 'yan wasanta sun bayyana a bikin bude taron da kuma ranar farko ta gasar kafin Kungiyar Olympic ta Bermuda ta yanke shawarar janye jiki a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Graham|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27165110|title=Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111114123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/27165110|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Zanga-zanga === Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane sun gudana ne a tsakiyar gudanar da zanga-zanga mai dimbin yawa domin kare hakkin 'Yan Aborigina na Ostiraliya. Gwamnatin jihar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta Joh Bjelke-Petersen ta fuskanci kalubale akai-akai daga Majalisar 'Yancin Bil-Adama ta Queensland game da takunkumin da ta kakaba wa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga. Gwamnatin Queensland ba ta amince da hakkin filaye na 'Yan Aborigina ba. Haka kuma Queensland ta gindaya gagarumar takunkumi na shari'a a kan Aborigina ta hanyar "Aboriginal Act 1971". Lalubawan 'Yan Aborigina da suka hada da Gary Foley sun tsara zanga-zangar bil-adama a Brisbane a lokacin makon wasannin, wanda aka lakaba wa suna "Stolenwealth Games". A matsayin martani, Queensland ta kafa dokar "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" don sa takunkumi ga zanga-zanga a cikin ko kusa da wurin da ake gudanar da taron. Lokacin da fafutukawan 'Yan Aborigina da masu goyon bayan su suka gabatar da jerin gwano duk da haka, an kame daruruwan mutane. An dauki hotuna da bidiyon zanga-zangar a cikin shirin gaskiya na ''Guniwaya Ngigu''. Sauran zanga-zangar "Stolenwealth Games" sun sake aukuwa a lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a Melbourne da kuma Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite news|last= Latimore|first= Jack|date= 9 April 2018|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|work= Guardian, The|location=|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> == Tasirin kudi == Kudurin kiyasi na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi ya kasance Dalar Amurka biliyan 11, a cewar mujallar ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation|agency=Associated Press|date=25 April 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921204444/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|archive-date=21 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafin wannan, kiyasin farko na majalisar gudanarwa ta Wasannin Olympic ta Indiya a shekara ta 2003 ya kasance Dalar Amurka miliyan 250. Amma a shekara ta 2010, kasafin kudin a hukumance ya haura zuwa kusan Dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8, adadin da bai hada da kudaden gina ayyukan rage radadi da na bunkasa ababen more rayuwa wadanda basu da alaka da wasanni ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20100816-payoffs-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg-743744-2010-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/108072/Sport/payoffs-&-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg.html|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2010|title=Payoffs & bribes cast a shadow on CWG: Sport : India Today|author1=Ravi Shankar|author2=Mihir Srivastava|date=7 August 2010|work=India Today|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 an ruwaito su a matsayin Wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada da aka taba gudanarwa.<ref>Melbourne 2006</ref> Wani bincike da kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers ya gudanar a kan Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006, 2014 da kuma 2018 ya nuna cewa duk dalar Amurka guda daya da gwamnatoci suka kashe kan kudaden gudanarwa, wuraren gudanar da wasanni da sansanin 'yan wasa, ta samar da Dalar Amurka 2 ga tattalin arzikin birnin da ya karbi bakunci ko jiha, tare da matsakaicin samar da guraben aiki fiye da 18,000 sakamakon kowace gasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=New report reveals Commonwealth Games consistently provides over £1 billion boost for host cities|url=https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216122417/https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Value Framework|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Har ila yau, dukkan birane hudu sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa na sufuri ko sauran ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar karbar bakuncin Wasannin, yayin da wasu kuma suka amfana daga farfado da yankuna da suka kasance a baya suna fuskantar kalubale.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|title=Games can deliver gold for Victoria's economy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/games-can-deliver-gold-for-victoria-s-economy-20220216-p59wxa.html|website=The Age|date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Wani bincike da Ernst & Young suka gudanar ya gano cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 sun samar da tasirin tattalin arziki da aka kiyasta kaiwa Dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, yayin da wuraren da aka gina ko aka inganta don Wasannin sun samar da amfanin tattalin arziki na fiye da Dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a shekara ga Gold Coast. Nasarar Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 an yaba mata wajen taimakawa birnin Brisbane samun hakkin karbar bakuncin Wasannin Olympic na Damina na 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=GC2018 Legacy: Beyond the Games report 2024|url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/eed229fa-e623-4cf1-b0f2-0cb0298e4b52/gc2018-legacy-report-2024.pdf?ETag=f1909b86222ff20de6d678c3e58fffd4|publisher=Ernst & Young|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierce|first1=Jeremy|title=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games worth $300m so far: report|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/qld-politics/gold-coast-2018-commonwealth-games-worth-300m-so-far-report/news-story/17b82ff1df2be1d78ddd705c86f2ad86|website=The Courier Mail|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa shahararru == Mai wasan Lawn Bowl Willie Wood daga Scotland shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya shiga Wasannin Commonwealth guda bakwai, tun daga 1974 zuwa 2002, wani mizani da dan tseren keke Andrew Roche daga tsibirin Isle of Man ya daidaita a shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/26985985|title=Glasgow 2014: Mark Cavendish relishes idea of racing with mates|date=10 May 2014|access-date=10 May 2014|newspaper=BBC Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/26985985|archive-date=11 May 2014|url-status=live }}</ref> Dukansu gaba daya David Calvert daga Arewacin Ireland ya tsere musu, wanda a shekara ta 2018 ya halarci wasanninsa na 11.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: TeamNI announced for Gold Coast 2018|url=https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|access-date=4 January 2018|work=Portadown Times|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180313/https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sitiveni Rabuka ya kasance Firayim Ministan Fiji. Kafin sannan, ya wakilci Fiji a wasannin jifan nauyi (shot put da hammer throw), jifan faifai (discus) da kuma decathlon a Wasannin Empaya da Commonwealth na Birtaniya na 1974 da aka gudanar a Christchurch, New Zealand. Greg Yelavich, dan harbe-harbe na wasanni daga New Zealand, ya lashe lambobin yabo 12 a wasanni bakwai tun daga 1986 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Greg Yelavich Olympic success">{{cite web|title=Greg Yelavich|url=https://olympic.org.nz/athletes/greg-yelavich|website=New Zealand Olympic Team|access-date=22 July 2020|language=en|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Dan wasan Lawn Bowl Robert Weale ya wakilci Wales a Wasannin Commonwealth guda 8, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 2014, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare 2, azurfa 3 da kuma tagulla 1.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Weale's Commonwealth Games memories|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27973271|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Mai daukar nauyi na Nauru Marcus Stephen ya lashe lambobin yabo goma sha biyu a Wasannin tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da 2002, inda bakwai daga ciki na zinare ne, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasar Nauru a shekara ta 2007. Wannan nasara tasa ta taimaka wajen sanya Nauru (kasa mafi kankanta mai zaman kanta a Commonwealth, mai murabba'in kilomita 21 da yawan jama'a kasa da 9,400 a shekara ta 2011) a matsayi na ashirin da biyu a saman teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth na kowane lokaci.<ref>August 2019</ref> Mai iyo na Ostiraliya Ian Thorpe ya lashe lambobin zinare 10 da na azurfa 1 a Wasannin Commonwealth. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 a Kuala Lumpur, ya lashe lambobin zinare 4. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, ya lashe lambobin zinare 6 da azurfa 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Inspiring Athletes – Commonwealth Legend|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124937/http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chad le Clos, mai iyo mafi samun lambobin yabo a Afirka ta Kudu, ya lashe lambobin yabo 18 daga Wasannin Commonwealth hudu (2010, 2014, 2018 da 2022), wadanda bakwai daga ciki zinare ne. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu, azurfa guda daya da kuma tagulla guda hudu.<ref>"Chad le Clos stars at Commonwealth Games with record 7 medals". ''News24''. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast, ya lashe zinare uku, azurfa daya da tagulla daya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|title=About Me – Chad Le Clos|work=Chad Le Clos|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105611/http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Jason Statham ya shiga a matsayin mai tsalle ruwa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Jason Statham participated in the 1990 Commonwealth Games|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|website=The Indian Express|author=Shivangi Jalan|date=4 April 2018|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, mawakin Ostiraliya Cody Simpson ya lashe lambar zinare a matsayin mai iyo a tseren gudun maza na ninkaya mai nisan mita 4 × 100 freestyle relay da kuma lambar azurfa a tseren maza na 4 × 100 metre medley relay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsay|first1=George|title=Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=1 August 2022|work=CNN|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Niue Dalton Tagelagi ya fafata a wasan lawn bowls a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 yana kan mukaminsa na mulki,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |title=Dalton Emani Makamau TAGELAGI |publisher=Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games |date= |accessdate=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084456/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |url-status=live }}</ref> sannan kuma ya riga ya fafata a shekarar 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |title=Dalton Tagelagi |publisher=G2014results.thecgf.com |accessdate=30 April 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |title=Dalton TAGELAGI |publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation |date= |accessdate=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611031031/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |url-status=dead }}.</ref> == Daukar hoto da watsa labarai == Gidan talabijin na BBC shi ne babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen tun daga 1954 zuwa 2022 in ban da fitotoci hudu na farko a shekarun 1930, 1934, 1938 da 1950. A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2025, an sanar da cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 a Glasgow za a nuna su kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na TNT Sports karon farko a matsayin talabijin mai biyan kudi maimakon a talabijin na kyauta. Tashar Channel 5 za ta gudanar da nuna taaitaccen labarai da abubuwan da suka faru a kullum na gasar shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 8j05w9ahfiim5k2neogqji2vhryrf0k 966093 966092 2026-10-11T07:53:44Z Nura Bello 24854 966093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Commonwealth''' {{Efn|Which also refers itself as the '''Comm Games'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder|url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|access-date=7 December 2022|website=Triple M|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allan|first=Steve|title=COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES {{!}} NBN News|url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/|access-date=7 December 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref>}} wani taron wasanni ne na duniya sau huɗu a shekara, wanda ke haɗa 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙungiyar gamayya ta ƙasashe]], wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mafi yawan tsoffin yankuna na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . An fara gudanar da taron a matsayin '''Gasar Daular Burtaniya''' a shekarar 1930, kuma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye da dama na sunaye, wanda ke nuna sauyin yanayin siyasa da kuma cire Daular daga mulkin mallaka a hankali. An san shi da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya har zuwa shekarar 1950, '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth''' har zuwa 1966, da '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya''' har zuwa 1974 . Tun daga shekarar 1978, an san taron a hukumance da Wasannin Commonwealth, wani suna da ke nuna asalinsa na zamani tare da ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Birtaniya. Ana kuma kiran wasannin da '''Wasannin Abokan Hulɗa''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Games |url=https://gc2018.com/history-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Wasannin, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wasannin wasanni da yawa da aka yi a wajen [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics na zamani]], sun jawo hankalin kai tsaye ga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar Jeux de la Francophonie da Wasannin Lusofonia na tsoffin yankunan Faransa da Portugal bi da bi. Hukumar Commonwealth Sport ce ke kula da wasannin, wadda ke tantance shirin wasanni da kuma bayar da 'yancin karbar bakuncin wasannin. Taron yana goyon bayan al'adunsa na musamman, kamar Baton Relay da kuma ɗaga tutar wasannin Commonwealth a bikin. An bambanta shi da sauran gasannin wasanni na duniya ta hanyar haɗakarsa da kuma gadonsa. An haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a matsayin cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma a cikin shekarun 2018, Wasannin sun zama gasar wasanni da yawa ta farko a duniya da ta bayar da lambobin yabo iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. Nan da shekarar 2022, abubuwan da mata ke yi sun fi na maza yawa a karon farko. Baya ga manyan wasannin Olympics, Wasannin Commonwealth sun haɗa da fannoni kamar ƙwallon raga, kwano na ciyawa da kuma squash, waɗanda ke da farin jini musamman a cikin Commonwealth. Asalin wadan nan wasannin ya kasance a gasar zakarun Inter-Empire na 1911, tare da Melville Marks Robinson yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa wasannin farko na hukuma a Hamilton, Kanada. A tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth da Wasannin Paraplegic na Commonwealth da suka ɓace yanzu sun kara fadada shiga. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics da sauran wasannin duniya ba, wasannin Commonwealth suna ba da izinin wakilci daga Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth goma sha biyar waɗanda ba jihohi masu zaman kansu ba. Wadannan sun hada da kasashe huɗu na Ƙasar Ingila, Crown Dependencies, yankuna da yawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, Norfolk Island (Australia) da Niue (New Zealand). Musamman, duk da kasancewa marasa iko, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands da Cayman Islands an amince da su a matsayin Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na kasa masu zaman kansu ta Kwamitin Wasano na Duniya. Zuwa yanzu, birane ashirin a cikin ƙasashe tara ne suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin. [[Auckland]], [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]] sun karbi bakuncin gasar sau biyu. Ana gudanar da sabon bugu a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Glasgow]] a shekarar 2026. Da farko, an bai wa Victoria gasar Commonwealth ta 2026 a Ostiraliya, amma damuwar kuɗi ta sa jihar ta janye daga gasar. Daga baya, an tabbatar da Glasgow a matsayin birnin da zai maye gurbin wanda zai karbi bakuncin gasar. Wasannin da ake yi a yanzu sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai, inda suka ƙunshi wasanni goma kacal. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar sulhu, gwamnatin Victoria za ta samar da sama da fam miliyan 2 ga masu shirya gasar Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2024 |title=King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> An ba wa [[Ahmedabad]], Indiya, gasar wasannin Commonwealth ta 2030 (wanda zai kasance Wasannin XXIV da Wasannin Karni na 100). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == John Astley Cooper ne ya fara gabatar da gasar wasanni da ta haɗa membobin [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] a shekarar 1891, shekaru biyar kafin gasar Olympics ta zamani ta farko, wanda ya rubuta wasiƙu da muƙaloli ga jaridu da dama da ke nuna "Taron Pan Brittanic, Pan Anglican duk bayan shekaru huɗu a matsayin hanyar ƙara kyautatawa da fahimtar Daular Burtaniya." <ref name="ANETT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=J Astley Cooper |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> An kafa Kwamitin John Astley Cooper a Ostiraliya, [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don tallata wannan ra'ayi kuma ya zaburar da Pierre de Coubertin don fara ƙungiyar [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics]] ta duniya. A shekarar 1911, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Inter-Empire tare da bikin Daular, a Fadar Crystal da ke [[Landan]] don murnar naɗin George na Biyar, kuma Earl na Plymouth da Lord Desborough ne suka jagoranci gasar. Ƙungiyoyi daga Australasia (Ostiraliya da New Zealand), Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, da Birtaniya sun fafata a gasannin motsa jiki, dambe, iyo da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=GBR Athletics}}</ref> Kanada ta lashe gasar kuma an ba ta kofin azurfa (wanda Lord Lonsdale ya ba ta kyauta) wanda ya kasance {{Convert|2|ft|6|in|cm}}tsayin kuma yana da nauyin {{Convert|340|oz|kg}} . Wani wakilin ''Auckland Star'' ya soki Wasannin, yana mai kiransu "babban takaici" wanda "bai cancanci a ba shi taken 'Empire Sports' ba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 1911 |title=Empire Sports |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Papers Past}}</ref> Yayin da ake shirin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1928 a Amsterdam, babban jami'in ƙungiyar Amateur Athletic Union of Canada J. Howard Crocker ya yi magana da ɗan jarida Melville Marks Robinson na ''The Hamilton Spectator'', game da ɗaukar nauyin wani taron wasanni na duniya a Kanada. Robinson ya gabatar da shawara kuma ya yi kira da a dauki nauyin shirya gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya a Hamilton, Ontario, a shekarar 1930. <ref name="TOP">{{Cite web |title=History of the Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Daga nan Robinson ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan ƙungiyar 'yan wasan tsere ta Kanada a wasannin daular Burtaniya na 1930. <ref name="TOP" /> Duk da cewa akwai jihohi 56 masu ikon mallaka waɗanda suka kasance membobi na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashe, akwai ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth guda 74 masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=Commonwealth Sport}}</ref> An raba su zuwa yankuna shida (Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania) kuma kowannensu yana da irin wannan aiki da Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa dangane da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], NOCs ɗinsu suna ɗaukar ayyukan CGA. Gamayyar ƙungiyoyi shida ne kawai suka shiga kowace gasar Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] . Daga cikin waɗannan shida, Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada da New Zealand kowannensu ya lashe aƙalla lambar zinare ɗaya a kowace wasa. Ostiraliya ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a wasanni goma sha uku, Ingila ta yi wasanni bakwai, Kanada kuma ta yi wasa ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku kuma suna kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo na Gasar Commonwealth a wannan jerin. === Bugu-da-wane === ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya (1930–1950) ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1930 su ne na farko da aka fi sani da Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma an gudanar da su a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada daga 16 zuwa 23 ga Agusta 1930 kuma Lord Willingdon ya buɗe su. <ref name="H30">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]}}</ref> Kasashe goma sha ɗaya: Ostiraliya, [[Bermuda]], British Guyana, Kanada, Ingila, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], Newfoundland, New Zealand, [[Scotland]], Afirka ta Kudu da [[Wales]], sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 400 don yin gasa a wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, kwano, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. An gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki a filin wasa na Civic . <ref name="E30">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=1930 Empire Games |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> Kudin Wasannin ya kai dala $97,973. <ref name="E30" /> Mata sun fafata a gasar ruwa kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle sau uku na ƙasar Kanada Gordon Smallacombe ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko a tarihin wasannin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jamie Bradburn |date=21 July 2015 |title=The British Empire Games of 1930 |url=http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Torontoist.com}}</ref> [[File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya ta 1938 a filin wasan kurket na Sydney .]] Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1934 su ne na biyu a cikin wasannin Commonwealth da aka gudanar a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. Birnin da ya karbi bakuncin gasar shine Landan, inda babban wurin wasan yake a Wembley Park, duk da cewa an gudanar da gasar tseren keke a [[Manchester]] . An ba da wasannin 1934 ga [[Johannesburg]], amma aka ba da su ga London saboda damuwa mai tsanani game da nuna wariya ga 'yan wasan Asiya da baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Har yanzu ba a fayyace alaƙar 'yan wasan Ireland a wasannin 1934 ba, amma babu wata ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Ireland Free State da aka kafa a hukumance. Ƙungiyoyi goma sha shida na ƙasa sun shiga gasar, ciki har da sabbin 'yan wasa Hong Kong, Indiya, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London 1934 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1938 su ne Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na uku, wanda aka gudanar a [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An tsara lokacin da zai yi daidai da cika shekaru 100 na Sydney (shekaru 150 tun kafuwar matsugunin Birtaniya a Ostiraliya). An gudanar da bikin bude gasar III a karon farko a yankin Kudancin Duniya, a filin wasan kurket na Sydney, wanda ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 40,000. Kasashe 15 ne suka halarci gasar Sydney, inda jimillar 'yan wasa 464 da jami'ai 43 suka halarta. Fiji da Ceylon sun fara fitowa a karon farko. An gabatar da wasanni bakwai a wasannin Sydney - wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, hawan keke, kwano na ciyawa, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney 1938 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1950 su ne bugu na huɗu kuma an gudanar da su a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, bayan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka rage kafin bugu na uku na wasannin. An ba da wasannin na huɗu ga [[Montréal|Montreal]], Kanada kuma an shirya za a gudanar da su a shekarar 1942, amma an soke su saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . 'Yan kallo 40,000 ne suka halarci bikin bude gasar a filin wasa na Eden Park, yayin da kusan mutane 250,000 suka halarci gasar Auckland. Kasashe goma sha biyu sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 590 zuwa Auckland. Malaya da [[Najeriya]] sun fara bayyana a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1950 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth (1954–1966) ==== [[File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumi a Vancouver da ke tunawa da "Miracle Mile" tsakanin Roger Bannister da [[John Landy]]]] An gudanar da bugu na biyar na Wasannin, wato Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na 1954, a [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fara amfani da sunan daga Wasannin Daular Burtaniya a shekarar 1952, a daidai lokacin da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ke mulki. Bugu na biyar na Wasannin ya sanya Vancouver a kan dandamali na duniya kuma ya ƙunshi lokutan wasanni masu ban sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi mai ban mamaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma al'adun gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka san shi da "Miracle Mile", wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare, Roger Bannister na Ingila da [[John Landy]] na Australia, sun gudanar da tsere na ƙasa da mintuna huɗu a wani taron da aka watsa kai tsaye a faɗin duniya a karon farko. Arewacin Rhodesia da [[Pakistan]] sun fara buga wasa kuma dukkansu sun yi rawar gani, inda suka lashe lambobin yabo takwas da shida bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vancouver 1954 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg|thumb|3 pence British stamp with theme of 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales]] An gudanar da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a Cardiff, Wales. Wasannin guda shida sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Wales kuma ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa karɓar bakuncin Gasar Daular Burtaniya da Wasannin Commonwealth. Cardiff ta jira fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko don zama mai masaukin baki na Wasannin, saboda an soke gasar 1946 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Wasannin Cardiff sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Relay na Sarauniya, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin gabatarwa ga kowace gasar Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,122 da jami'ai 228 zuwa Wasannin Cardiff kuma kasashe 23 da masu dogaro da su sun lashe lambobin yabo, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Ghana]], Kenya da [[Isle of Man|Tsibirin Man]] a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardiff 1958 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gab da wasannin Cardiff, manyan taurarin wasanni da dama, ciki har da Stanley Matthews, Jimmy Hill da Don Revie, sun sanya hannu a wata wasika da suka aike wa ''jaridar The Times'' a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1958, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu game da kasancewar wasannin Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata kawai, suna adawa da 'manufar wariyar launin fata' a wasannin kasa da kasa da kuma kare 'ka'idar daidaiton launin fata wanda ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Wasannin Olympics'. An gudanar da wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na shekarar 1962 a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 863 da jami'ai 178 zuwa Perth. [[Jersey]] tana cikin waɗanda suka lashe lambobin yabo a karon farko, yayin da Burtaniya Honduras, [[Dominika|Dominica]], Papua da New Guinea da [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] duk suka buga wasannin farko. Aden shi ma ya fafata da gasar ta hanyar gayyatar musamman. Sarawak, North Borneo da Malaya sun fafata a karo na ƙarshe, kafin su shiga gasar a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin tutar Malaysia . Bugu da ƙari, [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] sun fafata a gasar a matsayin ƙungiya a karon farko kuma ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Perth 1962 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da gasar Daular Burtaniya da ta Commonwealth ta shekarar 1966 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]] . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a wajen abin da ake kira White Dominions . Kasashe talatin da huɗu (ciki har da Kudancin Arabia ) sun fafata a gasar Kingston Games, inda suka aika da jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 1,316. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingston 1966 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya (1970–1974) ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1970 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka amince da sunan Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da [[Tsarin ma'auni|na'urorin auna ma'auni]] maimakon na imperial a cikin taruka, karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a [[Scotland]] da kuma karo na farko da Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth ta Biyu]] ta halarta a matsayinta na Shugabar Commonwealth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1970 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 a Christchurch, New Zealand . An kira taron a hukumance The Friendly Games, kuma shi ne bugu na farko da ya ƙunshi waƙar taken. Bayan Kisan kiyashi na 'yan wasan Isra'ila a wasannin Olympics na Munich na 1972, wasannin goma a Christchurch sune wasan farko na wasanni da yawa don sanya lafiyar mahalarta da masu kallo a matsayin mafi girman abin da ake buƙata. Masu tsaro sun kewaye ƙauyen 'yan wasan kuma akwai manyan' yan sanda. Kasashe 22 ne kawai suka yi nasarar lashe lambobin yabo daga jimlar lambobin yabo 374 da aka bayar, amma wadanda suka lashe gasar a karon farko sun hada da Western Samoa, [[Lesotho]] da Swaziland (tun daga shekarar 2018 ana kiransu [[Eswatini]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christchurch 1974 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 an kira ta "Join Together". ==== Wasannin Commonwealth (1978–1998) ==== An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1978 a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada. Wannan taron shi ne na farko da aka sanya wa suna a yanzu na Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma ya nuna sabon matsayi yayin da kusan 'yan wasa 1,500 daga ƙasashe 46 suka shiga. [[Najeriya]] ta kaurace musu don nuna rashin amincewarta da hulɗar wasanni da [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai mulkin wariyar launin fata ke yi da ita, da kuma [[Uganda]] don nuna rashin amincewarsu da zargin da ake yi wa gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton 1978 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar Commonwealth ta 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Ostiraliya]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kasashe arba'in da shida ne suka shiga gasar Brisbane, inda suka samu sabon tarihi na 'yan wasa 1,583 da kuma jami'ai 571. A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Ostiraliya ce ke kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo a gaban Ingila, Kanada, Scotland da New Zealand bi da bi. [[Zimbabwe]] ta fara fitowa a gasar, bayan da ta fafata a matsayin Southern Rhodesia da kuma wani ɓangare na [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brisbane 1982 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 mai suna "You're Here To Win". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland kuma su ne wasanni na biyu da aka gudanar a Edinburgh. Kasashe 32 na Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean sun kauracewa shiga gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1986, inda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin amincewa da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta yi na yin Allah wadai da huldar wasanni da Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1985, amma wasannin sun sake bunƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da bunƙasa daga baya. Kasashe ashirin da shida sun halarci gasar Edinburgh ta biyu, kuma sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,662 da jami'ai 461. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1986 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 an yi mata suna "Ruhun Matasa". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Su ne wasannin Commonwealth na goma sha huɗu, na uku da New Zealand za ta karbi bakuncinsa, na biyu kuma na Auckland. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 55 sun halarci gasar Auckland ta biyu, inda 'yan wasa da jami'ai 2,826 suka halarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1990 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan ta koma cikin ƙungiyar Commonwealth a shekarar 1989 bayan ta janye a shekarar 1972, kuma ta fafata a wasannin 1990 bayan ta shafe shekaru ashirin ba tare da ta halarci gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |archive-date=15 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 mai suna "Wannan Shine Lokacin". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan taron shine karo na huɗu da ya faru a Kanada. Wasannin sun nuna wani muhimmin batu na komawar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] cikin yanayin wasanni bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, kuma sama da shekaru talatin tun lokacin da ƙasar ta fafata a wasannin karshe a shekarar 1958 . [[Namibiya|Namibia]] ta fara gasar Commonwealth bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma shine karo na ƙarshe da Hong Kong ta halarci wasannin kafin a miƙa 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya zuwa China. Kasashe sittin da uku sun aika 'yan wasa 2,557 da jami'ai 914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria 1994 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 mai suna "Bari Ruhunka Ya Yi Sauri". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1998 a [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. A karon farko a tarihinta na shekaru 68, an gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Asiya. Taron shi ne kuma Wasannin farko da suka ƙunshi wasannin ƙungiya (kurket, rugby 7s, netball da field hockey) tare da bowling goma da squash - wani babban nasara wanda ya ƙara yawan masu sauraro da kuma waɗanda ke kallon talabijin. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 70 ya aika jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 5,065 zuwa Gasar Kuala Lumpur. Kasashe biyar mafiya kyau a jerin wadanda suka lashe lambobin yabo sune Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada, Malaysia (wadanda suka yi fice a wasanninsu har zuwa wannan ranar) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. [[Nauru]] ta kuma samu lambobin zinare uku masu ban mamaki. [[Kamaru]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Kiribati]] da [[Tuvalu]] sun fara fafatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuala Lumpur 1998 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 mai suna "Forever As One". ==== A lokacin ƙarni na 21 ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a [[Manchester]], Ingila. An shirya taron ne a Ingila a karon farko tun shekarar 1934 kuma ya zo daidai da bikin zagayowar shekarar Zinare ta Elizabeth ta Biyu, shugabar [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] . Dangane da wasanni da abubuwan da suka faru, gasar 2002 ta kasance gasar Commonwealth mafi girma a tarihi, inda ta ƙunshi wasanni 281 a cikin wasanni 17. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci a jadawalin ƙarshe na lambobin yabo, sai kuma Ingila mai masaukin baki da Kanada. Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 sun kafa sabon ma'auni don ɗaukar nauyin wasannin Commonwealth da kuma biranen da ke son yin tayinsu tare da mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester 2002 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 mai suna " Where My Heart Will Take Me ". [[File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg|thumb| Wasanni a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne (MCG) yayin wasannin Commonwealth na 2006, [[Melbourne]]]] An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia. Bambanci kawai tsakanin wasannin 2006 da Wasannin 2002 shine rashin [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ya janye daga Commonwealth of Nations bayan kungiyar ta dakatar da shi a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> A karo na farko a tarihin wasannin Sarauniya ta ziyarci kowace ƙasa da yankin Commonwealth da ke shiga cikin wasannin, tafiya ta kilomita 180,000 (110,000 . Fiye da 'yan wasa 4000 sun shiga gasar wasanni. Har ila yau Top 3 a kan teburin lambar yabo shine Australia, sannan Ingila da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melbourne 2006 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 an kira ta "Together We Are One". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a [[Delhi]], Indiya. Wasannin sun ci dala biliyan 11 kuma sun kasance wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada a tarihi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Indiya, kuma shine karo na farko da [[Jamhuriyar a cikin Commonwealth of Nations|jamhuriyar Commonwealth]] ta karbi bakuncin wasannin, sannan kuma karo na biyu da aka gudanar da su a Asiya bayan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1998. Jimillar 'yan wasa 6,081 daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth 71 da kuma waɗanda suka dogara da su]] sun fafata a wasanni 21 da kuma gasa 272. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci ƙidayar lambobin yabo na ƙarshe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar Indiya ta sami mafi kyawun wasanta a kowane gasa, inda ta zo ta biyu a jimilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi 2010 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120108/https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ta fara buga wasanninta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130063104/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 mai suna "Kai tsaye, tashi, hawa, nasara". An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Wadannan wasannin sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taba gudanarwa a Scotland tare da kimanin 'yan wasa 4,950 daga kasashe da yankuna daban-daban 71 da ke fafatawa a wasanni 18 daban-daban, wanda ya wuce wasannin Commonwealth na 1970 da 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], babban birnin Scotland. [[Usain bolt|Usain Bolt]] ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 kuma ya kafa rikodin Wasannin Commonwealth tare da abokan aikinsa. Wasannin sun sami yabo saboda shirya su, halarta, da kuma sha'awar jama'a na mutanen Scotland, tare da shugaban zartarwa na CGF Mike Hooper yana yaba da su a matsayin "wasannin da suka fi dacewa a tarihin motsi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182710/https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Cycling_(geograph_4105477).jpg|right|thumb| Gasar kekuna a lokacin Gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 da aka shirya a [[Glasgow]], Scotland]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a [[Gold Coast]], Queensland, Ostiraliya, kuma karo na biyar da Ostiraliya ta karbi bakuncin wasannin. Akwai dai adadin abubuwan da suka faru ga maza da mata iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihi da wani babban taron wasanni da dama ya sami daidaito a fannoni daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Coast 2018 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413185707/https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Birmingham_2022_Opening_Ceremony.jpg|thumb| Bikin Buɗewa na 2022]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2022 a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da aka shirya gasar Commonwealth a Ingila, bayan gasar London 1934 da Manchester 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120125/https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 sun yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 10 na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 da kuma [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]], dukkansu an gudanar da su a [[Landan]] . Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 shi ne bugu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu, kafin rasuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2022, an sanar da cewa za a gudanar da [[wasannin Commonwealth na 2026]] a karo na shida a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], amma a karon farko za a raba su, yayin da jihar Victoria ta sanya hannu a matsayin 'birnin' mai masaukin baki. Taron zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yankuna waɗanda galibi suka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Bendigo, da kuma wasu cibiyoyin yankuna uku. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Daniel Andrews ya sanar da cewa Victoria ba za ta sake karbar bakuncin wasannin 2026 ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Victoria state pulls out of hosting 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://news.sky.com/story/victoria-state-pulls-out-of-hosting-2026-commonwealth-games-12922606 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta gudanar da wasannin 2026 a Glasgow, bayan soke gasar Victoria, duk da haka za a "rage wasannin" inda za a gudanar da wasanni 10 kacal a wurare huɗu, da kuma alƙawarin cewa ba za a buƙaci kuɗin jama'a ba. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 zai zama na farko da za a gudanar a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Charles III|Sarki Charles na Uku]] . Kasashe uku da suka fi karbar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth sune Australia (5), Canada (4) da [[Scotland]] (4). New Zealand tana da wasanni uku kuma tare da wasannin 2022, Ingila ma ta ƙara adadinta zuwa uku. An shirya wasanni ɗaya a [[Wales]], biyu a Asiya ( [[Maleshiya|Malesiya]] (1) da [[Indiya]] (1)) da ɗaya a Caribbean ( [[Jamaika]] (1)). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Story of The Commonwealth Games |url=http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125811/http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> An ba da wannan kyautar ga Afirka, amma ba a taɓa yin ta ba, inda aka cire [[Durban]] daga gasar wasannin 2022 sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi. Za a gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2030 a [[Ahmedabad]] kuma zai kasance bikin cika shekaru 100 da fara gasar Commonwealth. === Wasannin Gurɓataccen Nakasa === [[File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg|thumb| 'Yan wasan Gasar Commonwealth ta 1962 a [[Perth]]]] Wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu nakasa daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth]] . A wasu lokutan ana kiran taron da Wasannin Daular Paraplegic da Wasannin Paraplegic na Burtaniya. 'Yan wasa galibi suna fama da [[raunin kashin baya]] ko kuma cutar [[Polio|shan inna]] . An fara gudanar da taron ne a shekarar 1962 kuma an soke shi a shekarar 1974. An gudanar da wasannin ne a ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth ga 'yan wasa masu ƙarfin jiki. Kasashen da suka dauki nauyin gasar Commonwealth Paraplegic Games sune Australia, Jamaica, Scotland da New Zealand a shekarun 1962, 1966, 1970 da 1974 . Kasashe shida - Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] - an wakilta su a dukkan wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic. Ingila da Ostiraliya sun yi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} ƙasar da ta fi samun matsayi sau biyu kowannensu: 1962, 1974 da 1966, 1970.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} ==== Haɗa 'yan wasa nakasassu cikin Wasannin Commonwealth ==== An fara haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, British Columbia lokacin da aka ƙara wannan taron a wasannin motsa jiki da kwano, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema |first=Mark |last2=Anjema |first2=Justin |date=25 March 2004 |title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games |url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012 |publisher=Redeemer University College}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, Ingila, an haɗa su a matsayin wasannin dole, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama wasannin wasanni da yawa na duniya na farko da suka haɗa da juna . Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa sakamako a cikin ƙidayar lambobin yabo kuma 'yan wasan cikakken memba ne na kowace tawagar ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-sports for elite athletes with a disability |url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=25 February 2012 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation website}}</ref> A lokacin Babban Taron 2007 na Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) a [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya]] (IPC) da CGF sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da alaƙar hukuma tsakanin hukumomin biyu da kuma tabbatar da halartar fitattun 'yan wasa masu nakasa (EAD) a nan gaba a Wasannin Commonwealth. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IPC da CGF. Ta amince da IPC a matsayin hukumar wasanni da ta dace kuma tana da alhakin kula da daidaitawa da kuma aiwatar da shirin wasanni na EAD na Wasannin Commonwealth kuma ta yi alƙawarin yin aiki tare don tallafawa ci gaban Motsin Wasannin Paralympic da Commonwealth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC and CGF Sign Co-operative Agreement |url=https://www.paralympic.org/press-release/ipc-and-cgf-sign-co-operative-agreement |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin hunturu ==== [[File:StMoritz.jpg|thumb| St. Moritz, wurin da za a yi dukkan wasannin hunturu guda uku daga 1958 zuwa 1966]] Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth wani taron wasanni da yawa ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasannin hunturu, wanda aka yi a ƙarshe a shekarar 1970. An shirya bugu huɗu na Wasannin. An tsara wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth a matsayin wani tsari na adawa da wasannin Commonwealth, wanda ke mai da hankali kan wasannin bazara, don rakiyar wasannin Olympics na hunturu da na bazara . TD Richardson ne ya kafa Wasannin hunturu. An gudanar da Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a St. Moritz, Switzerland kuma su ne wasannin farko na bugu na hunturu. An kuma gudanar da wasannin 1962 a St. Moritz, wanda ya dace da gasar 1962 ta Daular Burtaniya da Gasar Commonwealth a [[Perth]], Ostiraliya, kuma an gudanar da gasar 1966 a St. Moritz, bayan fitowar 1970, an daina tunanin. === Wasannin Matasa === The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Games |url=http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017114244/http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Bendigo 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth == [[File:London Shopping 002 (6166876525) (2).jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]] a Commonwealth House (a tsakiya) da ke Landan]] Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin jagoranci da kula da Wasannin Commonwealth da Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth, kuma ita ce babbar hukuma kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|title=The Role of The CGF|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023143/http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Commonwealth House da ke Landan, Ingila, ita ce ke ɗauke da hedikwatar CGF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact|title=Contact Information|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115608/https://thecgf.com/contact|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Commonwealth House kuma tana ɗauke da hedikwatar Royal Commonwealth Society da Commonwealth Local Government Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thercs.org/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society|website=thercs.org|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184110/https://thercs.org/contact/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|title=Contact us – CLGF|website=clgf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120039/http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: * Ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa (IFs) su ne hukumomin da ke kula da wani wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Misali, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Sports Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021246/https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth (CGAs) suna wakiltar tare da tsara harkokin Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth a kowace ƙasa, kuma suna gudanar da ayyuka makamantan na Kwamitocin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa. Misali, Commonwealth Games England (CGE) ita ce CGA ta Ingila. A halin yanzu, CGF ta amince da CGAs guda 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – CGA Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020021/https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwamitocin Shirya Wasannin Commonwealth (OCCWGs) su ne kwamitoci na wucin gadi da ke da alhakin shirya kowanne daga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth. Ana rushe OCCWGs bayan kammala kowanne wasa, bayan an gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe ga CGF. Turanci shi ne harshen hukuma na Commonwealth. Sauran harshen da ake amfani da shi a kowanne Wasannin Commonwealth shi ne harshen ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin (ko harsuna, idan ƙasar tana da fiye da harshen hukuma guda ɗaya ban da Turanci). Ana furta kowace sanarwa (kamar sanarwar kowace ƙasa yayin faretin ƙasashe a bikin buɗe wasannin) da waɗannan harsuna biyu (ko fiye). Idan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana da irin wannan yanayi, alhakinta ne ta zaɓi harshen ko harsunan da za a yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|title=CGF Constitution|website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> == Gudun Sandar Sarki == [[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|Gudun Sandar Jubilee na Sarauniya na [[2002 Commonwealth Games]]]] Gudun Sandar Sarki gasa ce ta gudun relay da ake yi a faɗin duniya kafin fara Wasannin Commonwealth. Sandar tana ɗauke da saƙo daga Shugaban Commonwealth. A al'ada, gudun sandar yana farawa ne daga Buckingham Palace da ke Landan a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth Day na birnin. Sarki yana miƙa sandar ga ɗan gudun relay na farko. A bikin buɗe Wasannin, ɗan gudun relay na ƙarshe yana mayar da sandar ga sarki ko wakilinsa, wanda yake karanta saƙon da babbar murya domin buɗe wasannin a hukumance. Gudun Sandar Sarki yana kama da Gudun Tocilan Olympics.<ref name="RelayTradition">{{cite web|url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues...|publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation|access-date=15 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|archive-date=11 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara wannan gudun sandar ne a [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Cardiff, Wales, a matsayin Gudun Sandar Sarauniya. Har zuwa, ciki har da [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], gudun sandar yana wucewa ne kawai ta Ingila da ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Gudun sandar na [[1998 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, shi ne na farko da ya je wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth. Gudun Sandar Sarauniya na [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostareliya, shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin Wasannin Commonwealth. Gudun ya kai kilomita 230,000 (mil 150,000) cikin kwanaki 388, inda sandar ta bi ta yankuna shida na Commonwealth, wato Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania. A karon farko, an gabatar da Sandar Sarauniya a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth yayin bugu na shida na wasannin a shekarar 2017, waɗanda aka gudanar a Nassau, Bahamas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=20 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Bukukuwan == === Buɗewa === [[File:Comm Games 2006 finale.JPG|thumb|Bikin buɗe [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] a [[Melbourne]]]] Bikin buɗe wasannin yawanci yana farawa ne da ɗaga tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin da kuma rera taken ƙasarta. Ana kuma ɗaga tutar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth, tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya da kuma tutar ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba yayin bikin buɗewar. Daga nan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na kiɗa, waƙa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adunta. Shirye-shiryen fasahar sun ƙaru wajen girma da kuma rikitarwa, yayin da ƙasashe daban-daban da suka karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ke ƙoƙarin shirya bikin da zai fi na wanda ya gabace shi jan hankali wajen tunawa. An ruwaito cewa bikin buɗe Wasannin Delhi ya kashe dala miliyan 70, inda aka kashe babban ɓangaren kuɗin wajen shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|title=The CWG opening show reality: Rs 350 crore|work=[[The Times of India]] Blog|access-date=21 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180834/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan ɓangaren shirye-shiryen fasaha na bikin, 'yan wasa suna shiga filin wasa cikin jerin ƙasashe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya ita ce a al'ada ƙasa ta farko da ke shiga. Daga nan ƙasashe suna shiga filin wasan bisa tsarin haruffan sunayensu ko kuma bisa nahiyoyi, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin su ne na ƙarshe da ke shiga. Ana gabatar da jawabai, sannan a buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A ƙarshe, ana shigar da [[Queen's Baton Relay|Sandar Sarki]] cikin filin wasa, sannan ana miƙa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum har sai ta isa ga ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa ya riƙe ta a ƙarshe, wanda galibi shahararren ɗan wasan Commonwealth ne daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Shi ne ke miƙa sandar ga [[Head of the Commonwealth|Shugaban Commonwealth]] ko wakilinsa. === Rufewa === [[File:Commonwealth Games closing ceremony picture.jpeg|thumb|Bikin rufe [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] a Delhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin rufe Wasannin Commonwealth bayan an kammala dukkan gasannin wasanni. Masu ɗauke da tutoci daga kowace ƙasa da ta shiga gasar suna shiga filin wasa, sannan 'yan wasa su biyo bayansu tare, ba tare da bambancin ƙasa ba. Shugaban kwamitin shirya wasannin da shugaban CGF suna gabatar da jawabansu na rufewa, sannan a rufe wasannin a hukumance. Shugaban CGF kuma yana magana game da yadda aka gudanar da wasannin. Magajin garin da ya shirya wasannin yana miƙa tutar CGF ga shugaban CGF, wanda daga nan yake miƙa ta ga magajin garin da zai karɓi baƙuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na gaba. Daga nan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba ita ma tana gabatar da taƙaitaccen shiri na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ke wakiltar al'adunta. Manyan masu fasaha da mawaƙa da dama sun yi wasanni a bukukuwan Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Constitution {{!}} Commonwealth Games Federation|website=CGF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> A bikin rufe kowane Wasannin Commonwealth, shugaban CGF yana bayar da wata lambar yabo tare da gabatar da kofi ga wani ɗan wasa da ya nuna bajinta da kima ta musamman, ta fuskar yadda ya yi a wasanni da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyarsa. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta kowace ƙasa ce ke zaɓar 'yan wasan da za a gabatar da sunayensu a ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe ta gasar, sannan kwamitin da ya ƙunshi shugaban CGF da wakilai daga yankuna shida na Commonwealth ya zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara. An ƙaddamar da '[[David Dixon Award]]', kamar yadda ake kiranta, a [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]], bayan marigayi David Dixon, tsohon Babban Sakataren Girmamawa na [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]], domin girmama babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasannin Commonwealth tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Oath & Award|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130116/http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gabatar da lambobin yabo === Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo bayan an kammala kowace gasa. Wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya zo na biyu da wanda ya zo na uku, ko ƙungiyoyin da suka samu waɗannan matsayi, suna tsayawa a kan matakai uku domin a ba su lambobinsu. Bayan wani memba na CGF ya bayar da lambobin, ana ɗaga tutocin ƙasashen 'yan wasan da suka samu lambobin uku, yayin da ake rera [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na ƙasar wanda ya samu lambar zinariya. 'Yan ƙasar da suka yi aikin sa-kai daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin sukan kasance masu taimakawa wajen gudanar da bukukuwan bayar da lambobin, inda suke taimaka wa jami'an da ke gabatar da lambobin tare da ɗaukar tutoci. === Taken ƙasa === "[[God Save the King]]" taken hukuma ne ko [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na [[God Save the King#Use in other Commonwealth countries|ƙasashen Commonwealth da dama]] da kuma yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu ƙasashe. Saboda haka, kuma saboda [[countries of the United Kingdom|ƙasashen da suka ƙunshi Birtaniya]] suna fafatawa daban-daban, an hana amfani da shi yayin bukukuwan hukuma, bukukuwan bayar da lambobin yabo ko kafin wasanni a gasar ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know about National Anthems|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/11-things-you-didn-t-know-about-national-anthems|access-date=7 August 2022|website=Commonwealth Games – Birmingham 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan gyaran wannan ƙa'ida da aka yi kafin Wasannin 2010, an sauya wasu daga cikin taken ƙasashen da ake amfani da su, kuma a wasu lokuta sun bambanta da taken ƙasa ko taken hukuma na ƙasar da ake iya amfani da shi a yanzu: {|class="wikitable" |- !Ƙasa ! Taken da aka yi amfani da shi a Wasannin Commonwealth !Taken ƙasa/Taken hukuma |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |"[[God Bless Anguilla]]" |rowspan="4"|"[[God Save the King]]" |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |"[[Hail to Bermuda]]" |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |"[[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands]]" |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |"[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |- |{{Flag|England}} |"[[Land of Hope and Glory]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[And did those feet in ancient time#Use as a national anthem|Jerusalem]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite web|author=Sir Andrew Foster|url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|title=England announce victory anthem for Delhi chosen by the public! – Commonwealth Games England|publisher=Weare England|date=30 May 2010|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162431/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |"[[Song of the Falklands]]" |rowspan="5"|"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" |- |{{Flag|Guernsey}} |"[[Sarnia Cherie]]" |- |{{Flag|Jersey}} |"[[Island Home (anthem)|Island Home]]" |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |"[[National Song (Montserrat)|Motherland]]" |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |"[[God Defend New Zealand]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz">{{Cite web|title=History of God Defend New Zealand {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url=https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|access-date=7 August 2022|website=mch.govt.nz|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054556/https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|url-status=dead }}</ref><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |"[[Ko e Iki he Lagi|Ko e Iki he Lagi (Ya Ubangiji, Mai cikin sama, Mai jin ƙai)]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz"/><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Norfolk Island}} |"[[Come Ye Blessed]]" |"[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |- |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |"[[Londonderry Air]]" |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |"[[My Saint Helena Island]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Scotland}} |"[[Scotland the Brave]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2010|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8449939.stm|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |"[[This Land of Ours]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Wales}} |"[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Ƙasar Kakannina)]]" |Babu; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |} ==Jerin Wasannin Commonwealth== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{location map+|North America |float = left |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Kanada da yankin Caribbean) |places = {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=43.247362|long=-79.864457|label='''1930'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=left|lat=49.283820|long=-123.122547|label='''1954'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=18.016625|long=-76.800674|label='''1966'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=53.544127|long=-113.491225|label='''1978'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=bottom|lat=48.427598|long=-123.366658|label='''1994'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|United Kingdom |float = center |width = 250 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Birtaniya) |places = {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.507222|long=-0.1275|label='''1934'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.481667|long=-3.179167|label='''1958'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=55.953333|long=-3.189167|label='''1970''', '''1986'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=53.479444|long=-2.245278|label='''2002'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=55.861111|long=-4.25|label='''2014''', '''2026'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=52.4862|long=-1.8904|label='''2022'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|Oceania |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Oceania) |places = {{Location map~|Oceania|position=left|lat=-33.859972|long=151.209444|label='''1938'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-36.857312|long=174.760972|label='''1950, 1990'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-31.950604|long=115.860778|label='''1962'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-43.734701|long=172.623768|label='''1974'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=top|lat=-27.473660|long=153.026010|label='''1982'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-37.812836|long=144.963056|label='''2006'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-28.014611|long=153.402151|label='''2018'''}} }} {{location map+|Asia |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Asiya) |places = {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=28.594864|long=77.222577|label='''2010'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=3.147778|long=101.695278|label='''1998'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=left|lat=23.0225|long=72.571389|label='''''2030'''''}} }} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" width= align="center" style="font-size: 85%; |+Bayanin Wasannin Commonwealth ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Shekara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Bugu ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Garin da ya karɓi bakunci ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar mai masaukin baki ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wanda ya buɗe ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wasanni ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Gasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyoyi ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar farawa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar ƙarewa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|'Yan wasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Manazarta |- |align=center|1930 |align="center"|{{sort|01|[[1930 British Empire Games|I]]}} |align=left|[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada|1921}} |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Viscount Willingdon]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|59||align="center"|11 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 August 1930}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 August 1930}}||align="center"|400 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align="center"|1934 |align="center"|{{sort|02|[[1934 British Empire Games|II]]}} |align="left"|[[London]] |align="left"|{{flag|England}} |[[George V|King George V]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|68||align="center"|16 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1934}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 August 1934}}||align="center"|500 |- |align="center"|1938 |align="center"|{{sort|03|[[1938 British Empire Games|III]]}} |align="left"|[[Sydney]] |align="left"|{{flag|Australia}} |[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|Lord Wakehurst]] |align="center"|7||align="center"|71||align="center"|15 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|5 February 1938}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 February 1938}}||align="center"|464 |align="left"|{{AUS}} |- |align="center"|1942 |align="center"|– |align="left"|[[Montreal]] |align="left"|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |colspan="9" rowspan="2" align="center"|''An soke saboda [[World War II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]<ref name="The Commonwealth Games 2017">The Complete Book of The Commonwealth Games (Gold Coast Edition) by Graham Groom (2017)</ref>'' |- |align="center"|1946 |align=center|– |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1807}} |- |align=center|1950 |align="center"|{{sort|04|[[1950 British Empire Games|IV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |[[Bernard Freyberg|Sir Bernard Freyberg]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|88||align="center"|12 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 February 1950}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 February 1950}}||align="center"|590 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1954 |align="center"|{{sort|05|[[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|V]]}} |align=left|[[Vancouver]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Earl Alexander of Tunis]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|91||align="center"|24 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 July 1954}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|7 August 1954}}||align="center"|662 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1958 |align="center"|{{sort|06|[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI]]}} |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1953}} |rowspan="5"|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|94||align="center"|36 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 July 1958}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 July 1958}}||align="center"|1,122 |- |align=center|1962 |align="center"|{{sort|07|[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Perth]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|104||align="center"|35 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|22 November 1962}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|1 December 1962}}||align="center"|863 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1966 |align="center"|{{sort|08|[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |align=left|{{flag|Jamaica}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|110||align="center"|34 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1966}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|13 August 1966}}||align="center"|1,050 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1970 |align="center"|{{sort|09|[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|42 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 July 1970}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 1970}}||align="center"|1,383 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1974 |align="center"|{{sort|10|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X]]}} |align=left|[[Christchurch]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|38 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1974}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 February 1974}}||align="center"|1,276 |- |align=center|1978 |align="center"|{{sort|11|[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Edmonton]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|128||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 1978}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 August 1978}}||align="center"|1,474 |align=left|{{CAN}} |- |align=center|1982 |align="center"|{{sort|12|[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII]]}} |align=left|[[Brisbane]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|142||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 September 1982}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|9 October 1982}}||align="center"|1,583 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1986 |align="center"|{{sort|13|[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|163||align="center"|26 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 July 1986}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August 1986}}||align="center"|1,662 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1990 |align="center"|{{sort|14|[[1990 Commonwealth Games|XIV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|204||align="center"|55 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1990}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 February 1990}}||align="center"|2,073 | rowspan="6" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1994 |align="center"|{{sort|15|[[1994 Commonwealth Games|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|217||align="center"|63 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 August 1994}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 August 1994}}||align="center"|2,557 |- |align=center|1998 |align="center"|{{sort|16|[[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Kuala Lumpur]] |align=left|{{flag|Malaysia}} |[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar]] |align="center"|15||align="center"|213||align="center"|70 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 September 1998}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|21 September 1998}}||align="center"|3,633 |- |align=center|2002 |align="center"|{{sort|17|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Manchester]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|281||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 2002}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 2002}}||align="center"|3,679 |- |align=center|2006 |align="center"|{{sort|18|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align="center"|17||align="center"|245||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 March 2006}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 March 2006}}||align="center"|4,049 |- |align=center|2010 |align="center"|{{sort|19|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Delhi]] |align=left|{{flag|India}} |[[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Patil]] da<br />[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|272||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 October 2010}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|14 October 2010}}||align="center"|4,352 |- |align=center|2014 |align="center"|{{sort|20|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|261||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2014}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 2014}}||align="center"|4,947 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|2018 |align="center"|{{sort|21|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align=left rowspan="2"|[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|275||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 April 2018}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 April 2018}}||align="center"|4,426 | rowspan="3" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|2022 |align="center"|{{sort|22|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Birmingham]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |align="center"|'''20'''||align="center"|'''283'''||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 July 2022}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|8 August 2022}}||align="center"|'''5,054''' |- |align=center|2026 |align="center"|{{sort|23|[[2026 Commonwealth Games|XXIII]]}} |align="left"|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |align="align=left"|[[Charles III|Sarki Charles III]] |align="center"|10 |align="center"|215 |align="center"|'''74''' |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2026}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August}} |align=center|~3,000 |- |align=center|2030 |align=center|[[2030 Commonwealth Games|XXIV]] |align=left|[[Ahmedabad]] |align=left|{{flagu|India}} | colspan="8" |{{Center|Ba a yanke ba}} |} == Teburin lambobin yabo == <small>'''*Lura: Ƙasashen da aka rubuta da ''haruffa masu karkata'' ba sa shiga Wasannin Commonwealth a yanzu.'''</small> :''An sabunta bayan [[2026 Commonwealth Games]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-games-all-time-medal-table-after-birmingham-2022 | title=Commonwealth Games: All-time medal table, after Birmingham 2022 | website=www.olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/#/www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/|title=Glasgow 2026|website=Glasgow 2026}}</ref>, {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagCGF | event = | team = CGA | gold_AUS = 1071 | silver_AUS = 879 | bronze_AUS = 823 | gold_ENG = 802 | silver_ENG = 828 | bronze_ENG = 802 | gold_CAN = 529 | silver_CAN = 568 | bronze_CAN = 612 | gold_IND = 215 | silver_IND = 207 | bronze_IND = 180 | gold_NZL = 189 | silver_NZL = 246 | bronze_NZL = 308 | gold_SCO = 145 | silver_SCO = 152 | bronze_SCO = 244 | gold_RSA = 144 | silver_RSA = 143 | bronze_RSA = 157 | gold_KEN = 94 | silver_KEN = 84 | bronze_KEN = 92 | gold_NGR = 92 | silver_NGR = 91 | bronze_NGR = 112 | gold_WAL = 84 | silver_WAL = 114 | bronze_WAL = 167 | gold_MAS = 74| silver_MAS = 76| bronze_MAS = 94 | gold_JAM = 75| silver_JAM = 57| bronze_JAM = 63 | gold_NIR = 40 | silver_NIR = 50 | bronze_NIR = 68 | gold_SGP = 40 | silver_SGP = 33 | bronze_SGP = 36 | gold_PAK = 27 | silver_PAK = 27 | bronze_PAK = 29 | gold_CYP = 26 | silver_CYP = 21 | bronze_CYP = 29 | gold_UGA = 19 | silver_UGA = 18 | bronze_UGA = 26 | gold_GHA = 15 | silver_GHA = 21 | bronze_GHA = 29 | note_GHA = {{ref|a|[a]}} | gold_TRI = 13 | silver_TRI = 26 | bronze_TRI = 30 | gold_BAH = 12 | silver_BAH = 14 | bronze_BAH = 14 | gold_CMR = 12 | silver_CMR = 13 | bronze_CMR = 20 | gold_NRU = 10 | silver_NRU = 11 | bronze_NRU = 12 | gold_SAM = 7 | silver_SAM = 13 | bronze_SAM = 11 | gold_ZIM = 6 | silver_ZIM = 9 | bronze_ZIM = 14 | name_ZIM = ''{{flagCGF|ZIM}}'' | note_ZIM = {{ref|b|[b]}} | gold_TAN = 6 | silver_TAN = 7 | bronze_TAN = 11 | gold_ZAM = 5 | silver_ZAM = 13 | bronze_ZAM = 26 | note_ZAM = {{ref|c|[c]}} | gold_SRI = 5 | silver_SRI = 10 | bronze_SRI = 11 | note_SRI = {{ref|d|[d]}} | gold_PNG = 5 | silver_PNG = 8 | bronze_PNG = 3 | gold_FIJ = 5 | silver_FIJ = 7 | bronze_FIJ = 13 | gold_BOT = 5 | silver_BOT = 6 | bronze_BOT = 8 | gold_NAM = 5 | silver_NAM = 5 | bronze_NAM = 17 | gold_HKG = 5 | silver_HKG = 2 | bronze_HKG = 10 | name_HKG = ''{{flagCGF|HKG}}'' | gold_GUY = 4 | silver_GUY = 6 | bronze_GUY = 6 | note_GUY = {{ref|e|[e]}} | gold_IOM = 4 | silver_IOM = 3 | bronze_IOM = 7 | gold_GRN = 4 | silver_GRN = 2 | bronze_GRN = 2 | gold_BAR = 3 | silver_BAR = 5 | bronze_BAR = 8 | gold_BER = 3 | silver_BER = 2 | bronze_BER = 4 | gold_IVB = 3 | silver_IVB = 0 | bronze_IVB = 0 | gold_MRI = 2 | silver_MRI = 11 | bronze_MRI = 9 | gold_BAN = 2 | silver_BAN = 4 | bronze_BAN = 2 | gold_MOZ = 2 | silver_MOZ = 4 | bronze_MOZ = 3 | gold_JER = 2 | silver_JER = 1 | bronze_JER = 3 | gold_SVG = 2 | silver_SVG = 0 | bronze_SVG = 1 | gold_GUE = 1 | silver_GUE = 5 | bronze_GUE = 3 | gold_DMA = 1 | silver_DMA = 2 | bronze_DMA = 1 | gold_LES = 1 | silver_LES = 1 | bronze_LES = 3 | gold_LCA = 1 | silver_LCA = 1 | bronze_LCA = 3 | gold_CAY = 1 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1 | gold_KIR = 1 | silver_KIR = 0 | bronze_KIR = 0 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0 | gold_SEY = 0 | silver_SEY = 3 | bronze_SEY = 4 | gold_FRN = 0 | silver_FRN = 2 | bronze_FRN = 5 | name_FRN = ''{{flagCGF|FRN}}'' | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 1 | bronze_MLT = 7 | gold_SWZ = 0 | silver_SWZ = 1 | bronze_SWZ = 3 |note_SWZ = {{ref|f|[f]}} | gold_GAM = 0 | silver_GAM = 1 | bronze_GAM = 2 | gold_IRE = 0 | silver_IRE = 1 | bronze_IRE = 0 | name_IRE = ''{{flagCGF|IRE}}'' | gold_TON = 0 | silver_TON = 0 | bronze_TON = 4 | gold_MAW = 0 | silver_MAW = 0 | bronze_MAW = 3 | gold_NFI = 0 | silver_NFI = 0 | bronze_NFI = 3 | gold_VAN = 0 | silver_VAN = 0 | bronze_VAN = 3 | gold_COK = 0 | silver_COK = 0 | bronze_COK = 1 | gold_NIU = 0 | silver_NIU = 0 | bronze_NIU = 1 | gold_SOL = 0 | silver_SOL = 0 | bronze_SOL = 1 | gold_GAB = 0 | silver_GAB = 0 | bronze_GAB = 1 | gold_RWA = 0 | silver_RWA = 0 | bronze_RWA = 1 | gold_TUV = 0 | silver_TUV = 0 | bronze_TUV = 1 }} *<small>{{note|a|[a]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Ghana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|GCO}}</small> *<small>{{note|b|[b]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zimbabwe]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|SRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|c|[c]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zambia]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|NRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|d|[d]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Sri Lanka]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|CEY}}</small> *<small>{{note|e|[e]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Guyana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|BGU}}</small> *<small>{{note|f|[f]}} Swaziland ta sauya sunanta zuwa [[Eswatini]]</small> ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Commonwealth Games Federation symbol (2019- Till Date).svg|30px]] '''Teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth [[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table|a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1930 Commonwealth Games|1930]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1934 Commonwealth Games|1934]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1938 Commonwealth Games|1938]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1950 Commonwealth Games|1950]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1954 Commonwealth Games|1954]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1958 Commonwealth Games|1958]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1962 Commonwealth Games|1962]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1974 Commonwealth Games|1974]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1978 Commonwealth Games|1978]]: {{flag|Canada}} * [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2006 Commonwealth Games medal table|2006]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2010 Commonwealth Games medal table|2010]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2014 Commonwealth Games medal table|2014]]: {{flag|England}} * [[2018 Commonwealth Games medal table|2018]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2022 Commonwealth Games medal table|2022]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2026 Commonwealth Games medal table|2026]]: {{flag|Australia}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} == Wasannin Commonwealth == Sabanin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni, Wasannin Commonwealth suna da tsarin wasanni mai sassauci wanda ke mutunta ababen more rayuwa da bukatun birnin da ya karbi bakuncin. Hakanan ana bayyana wannan a cikin kwanakin gudanarwa, wadanda za su iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin sararin samaniya na kowane birni mai karbar bakunci. Saboda haka, tsarin kowane gudanarwa ya bambanta. Tsakanin 1930 da 1994, wasannin mutum daya kawai ne suka kasance bangaren tsarin kuma sai a shekara ta 1998 aka ba da izinin kara wasannin kungiya. Ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane gudanarwa tun daga lokacin don samun jerin wasanni na tilas guda bakwai zuwa goma wadanda dole ne a buga su a wannan gudanarwa kuma dole ne a amince da su shekaru 4 a gaba. Don haka, karancin adadin wasanni a kowane gudanarwa shi ne 10 kuma mafi yawa shi ne 17. Duk da haka, bukatun gida na iya kara adadin wasannin da ake gwada sa'a a kansu. Mafi shahararru sun hada da kokawa ta 'yanci a Delhi 2010 da wasan kwalallon raga na rairayi a Gold Coast 2018. Za kuma a iya yin wasu kebantattun kebance-kebance, kamar wanda aka yi a gudanarwa ta karshe da aka yi a Birmingham, Ingila, inda aka kara sauran wasanni 3 na daban a cikin tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Commonwealth Games Charter|website=thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Dokokin na yanzu kuma suna kayyade daidaiton jinsi, inda maza da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gudanarwar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|title=Level playing field for women at 2018 Commonwealth Games|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=7 October 2016|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009205111/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|title=Gold Coast 2018 to offer same amount of medals for men and women after seven events added|last1=McKay|first1=Duncan|date=7 October 2016|website=Insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=7 October 2016|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034918/http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita ba ta musamman ga Wasannin 2026, yayin da Glasgow ta karbi bakunci a matsayin gaggawa. Sakamakon haka, tsarin zai kunshi wasanni 10 kawai—mafi karancin adadi tun daga Wasannin 1994:<ref name="BBCSportsOct24">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o|title=Sports announced for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games |first1=Megan |last1=Bonar |first2=Jonathan |last2=Geddes |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117144915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o |archive-date=17 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akwai jimillar wasanni 23 (tare da wasannin fannoni daban-daban guda uku) da Wasannin Para guda goma wadanda Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta amince da su. {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Harbin Kibiya |Muhu |1982, 2010 |- |Wasannin Motsa Jiki (Athletics) |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para Athletics |Muhu |1994, 2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead>{{cite web|url =https://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title = Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD)|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223559/https://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |- |Badminton |Na Zabi |1966–2022 |- |Kwallon Kwando | |2006, 2018 |- |Kwallon Kwando 3x3 |Na Zabi |2022–yanzu |- |Damben Boksin |Na Zabi |1930–yanzu |- |Kurriket |Na Zabi |1998, 2022 |- |Keken Tsauni (Mountain Bike) |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports>{{cite web|url = https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|title = Sports Programme|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223656/https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |2002–2006, 2014–yanzu |- |Keke na Para Track |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |2014–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Hanyar Mota |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1938–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Filin Wasa |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1934–yanzu |- |Ninkaya ta Tsalle (Diving) |Na Zabi |1930–2022 |- |Hoki |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Jimnastik ta Fasaha |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–yanzu |- |Jimnastik ta Rhythmic |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–1998, 2006–yanzu |- |Judo |Na Zabi |1990, 2002, 2014 (Na Zabi), 2022-yanzu |- |Lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1930–1962, 1970–yanzu |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Para lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1994, 2002, 2014–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Netball (Mata) |Na Zabi |1998–yanzu |- |Daukar Nauyi ta Powerlifting |Na Zabi |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Rugby sevens |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Harbin Bindiga |Na Zabi |1966, 1974–2018 |- |Squash |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Ninkaya |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para ninkaya |Muhu |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Kwallon Tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Para kwallon tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Triathlon |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2006, 2014–2022 |- |Kwallon Raga (Rairayi) |Na Zabi |2018–2022 |- |Daukar Nauyi (Weightlifting) |Na Zabi |1950–yanzu |- |Kokawa ('Yanci) |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |} |} A shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yarda da manyan take-take a tsarin wanda ya kara adadin muhimman wasanni, yayin da aka cire wasu na zabi, wadanda aka cire an jera su a kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|title=Commonwealth Games transformed to attract aspiring cities|date=2 April 2015|last=Avison|first=Ben|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223534/http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa (Canoeing) |Na Zabi |Taba<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|title=Canoeing closer to being a full-medal event|publisher=Commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com|date=11 June 2010|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125164430/http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Bunkasa (Rowing) |Na Zabi |1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Katako (Sailing) |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Softball |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Ninkaya ta Tare (Synchronised swimming) |Na Zabi |Muhu tsakanin 1986 da 2006 |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Taekwondo |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Wasan Tenis |Na Zabi |2010 |- |Ten-pin bowling |Na Zabi |1998 |- |Kokawa (Greco-Roman) |Na Zabi |2010 |} |} Wasanni irin su wadannan wasanni ne da Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yi nazari a kansu amma wadanda ake ganin suna bukatar fadada su a fannoni kamar matakan shiga tsakani a cikin Commonwealth ko a matakin kasa (Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa) da matakin wasannin motsa jiki na tushe, Fannin Kasuwanci, Haqqoqin Gidan Tabiijin, Daidaito, da Kudade Karbar Bakunci, bisa ga Doka ta 6 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Wasannin Commonwealth;<ref name="CGFConstitutionRegulation6">[https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|date=13 July 2019}}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 27 July 2022.</ref> kasashe masu karbar bakunci ba za su iya zabar wadannan wasannin don tsarin su ba har sai an cika bukatun Hukumar.<ref name=Sports>[http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ Sports Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502101439/http://www.thecgf.com/sports/|date=2 May 2013 }}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 4 June 2016.</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Billiards |An Amince |Taba |- |Wasan Takobi (Fencing) |An Amince |1950–1970 |- |Kwallon Kafa |An Amince |Taba |- |Golf |An Amince |2026 |- |Handball |An Amince |Taba |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Ceto Rai (Life saving) |An Amince |Taba |- |Rugby league |An Amince |Taba |- |Kwallon Raga (Cikin gida) |An Amince |Taba |- |Water Polo |An Amince |1950 |- |} |} == Kasashen da ke halarta == Kungiyoyi guda shida kacal ne suka halarci kowane gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth: Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila, New Zealand, Scotland, da Wales. Ostiraliya ita ce kungiyar da ta fi samun maki mafi tsayi a wasanni guda goma sha uku, Ingila guda bakwai, Kanada kuma guda daya. [[File:Commonwealth Games years participants.PNG|upright=2.75|thumb|alt=Wuraren da aka gudanar da wasannin, da kasashen da suka halarta| {{legend2|#9966cc|Kasashen da suka karbi bakunci, ko ke shirin karbar bakuncin lamarin|border=solid 1px#AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#d45c4c|Sauran kasashen da ke shiga wasannin|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#54e464|Kasashen da suka taba shiga wasannin amma a yanzu ba sa yi|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{0}}'''•'''<span style="margin:0; font-size:90%;">{{0}} Biranen da suka karbi bakunci da shekarar gudanar da wasannin</span>|center]] {{Cleanup section|date=June 2025|reason=Kasancewar teburin a rushe kyakkyawan tunani ne, amma yana bukatar gyara daga wanda ya fahimci tsarin.}} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em auto;" |- ! colspan=24|Teburin Halartar Kungiyoyi ta Banbancin Gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth |- ! rowspan="6" style="background:#cedaf2;"|Kungiya !Gudanarwa |I |II |III |IV |V |VI |VII |VIII |IX |X |XI |XII |XIII |XIV |XV |XVI |XVII |XVIII |XIX |XX |XXI |XXII |- ! Shekara |1930 |1934 |1938 |1950 |1954 |1958 |1962 |1966 |1970 |1974 |1978 |1982 |1986 |1990 |1994 |1998 |2002 |2006 |2010 |2014 |2018 2022 ! Tutar Mai Masaukin Baki {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon - ! Birnin mai masaukin baki Hamilton, Ontario London Sydney Auckland Vancouver Cardiff Perth Kingston, Jamaica Edinburgh Christchurch Edmonton Brisbane Edinburgh Auckland Victoria, British Columbia Kuala Lumpur Manchester Melbourne Delhi Glasgow Gold Coast, Queensland Birmingham - ! Halartar \ Kasa mai masaukin baki Kanada Ingila Ostiraliya New Zealand Kanada Wales Ostiraliya Jamaica Scotland New Zealand Kanada Ostiraliya Scotland New Zealand Kanada Malaysia Ingila Ostiraliya Indiya Scotland Ostiraliya Ingila - ! colspan=23 - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - 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align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:light" |} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{flag|Aden}}{{efn|name=n1|Aden daga baya ta koma Larabawa ta Kudu a shekara ta 1963 kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 1967.}}||1962 |- |{{AIA}}{{efn|name=n2|Anguilla ta ware gabataki daya daga Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla a shekara ta 1980 kuma sauran Saint Kitts da Nevis suka samu yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1983.}}||1998– |- |{{ANZ}}||1911 |- |{{ATG}}||1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{AUS}}||1930– |- |{{BHS}}||1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{BGD}}||1978, 1990– |- |{{BRB}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BLZ}}{{efn|name=n4|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Honduras suna zuwa Belize a shekara ta 1973.}}||1978, 1994– |- |{{BMU}}||1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BWA}}||1974, 1982– |- |{{flag|British Guiana}}{{efn|name=n3|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Guiana suna zuwa Guyana a shekara ta 1966.}}||1930–1938, 1954–1962 |- |{{flag|British Honduras}}{{efn|name=n4}}||1962–1966 |- |{{VGB}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||1990– |- |{{CMR}}||1998– |- |{{CAN}}||1911, 1930– |- |{{CYM}}||1978– |- |{{flag|Ceylon}}{{efn|name=n5|An sauya wa Ceylon suna zuwa Sri Lanka a shekara ta 1972.}}||1938–1950, 1958–1970 |- |{{COK}}||1974–1978, 1986– |- |{{CYP}}||1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{DMA}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |- |{{ENG}}||1930– |- |{{SWZ}}||2022– |- |{{FLK}}||1982– |- |{{FJI}}{{efn|name=n6|An sake dakatar da Fiji daga Commonwealth da Wasannin 2010 a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10594683">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|title=Fiji suspended from Commonwealth|date=2 September 2009|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214100247/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|archive-date=14 February 2012|url-status=live }}</ref> An janye dakatarwar da aka yi wa Fiji daga Commonwealth a kan lokaci gabanin Wasannin 2014 biyo bayan zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Maris na 2014.}}||1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |- |{{GAB}}||2026– |- |{{GMB}}{{efn|name=n7|Gambia ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2013, amma ta sake komawa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2018; an sake karbar Gambia zuwa Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth a watan Maris na 2018.}}||1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |- |{{GHA}}{{efn|name=n8|An sauya wa Gold Coast (kasa mai mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya) suna zuwa Ghana a shekara ta 1957.}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{GIB}}||1958– |- |{{flag|Gold Coast}}{{efn|name=n8}}||1954 |- |{{GRD}}||1970–1982, 1998– |- |{{GGY}}{{efn|name=n9|Har da Tsibirai na makwabtaka.}}||1970– |- |{{GUY}}{{efn|name=n3}}||1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|British Hong Kong|1959|name=Hong Kong}}{{efn|name=n10|Hong Kong ba ta taba zamowa mamban Commonwealth ba amma ta kasance yanki na wata kasa ta Commonwealth; ta daina kasancewa a Commonwealth lokacin da aka mika yankin zuwa China a shekara ta 1997.}}||1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |- |{{IND}}||1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{flagdeco|Leinster}} Ireland{{efn|name=n11|An wakilci Ireland a matsayin kungiya guda daga tsibirin baki daya a shekara ta 1930, kuma ta kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda ke wakiltar Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci, da Ireland ta Arewa a shekara ta 1934. An sauya wa Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci suna a hukumance zuwa Éire a shekara ta 1937 amma ba ta halarci Wasannin 1938 ba, kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth lokacin da ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1949.}}{{efn|name=n12|Kayan hotuna na wancan lokacin suna nuna Tutar Kore da aka yi amfani da ita ga kungiyar Ireland.}}||1930 |- |{{flag|Irish Free State}}{{efn|name=n11}}||1934 |- |{{IMN}}||1958– |- |{{JAM}}||1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{JEY}}{{efn|name=n9}}||1958– |- |{{KEN}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{KIR}}||1998– |- |{{LSO}}||1974– |- |{{MWI}}||1970– |- |{{flag|Malaya}}{{efn|name=n13|Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak da Singapore sun haɗu a matsayin Malaysia a shekara ta 1963. An kori Singapore daga tarayyar a shekara ta 1965, ta zama kasa mai 'yancin kanta.}}||1950, 1958–1962 |- |{{MYS}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{MDV}}{{efn|name=n14|Maldives ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|date=14 October 2016|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|title=Maldives set to miss Gold Coast 2018 after resigning from Commonwealth|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017014931/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> amma an sake karberta a shekara ta 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1097892/maldives-commonwealth-games-rejoined|title=Maldives readmitted as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|last=Palmer|first=Dan|date=31 August 2020|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=|access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|title=Maldives re-joins as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|website=thecgf.com|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF)|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413112835/https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}||1986–2014, 2022– |- |{{MLT}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{MUS}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{MSR}}||1994– |- |{{MOZ}}||1998– |- |{{NAM}}||1994– |- |{{NRU}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Newfoundland}}{{efn|name=n15|Newfoundland ta koma karkashin Kanada a shekara ta 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of Union|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live }}</ref>}}||1930–1934 |- |{{NZL}}||1930– |- |{{NGA}}||1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |- |{{NIU}}||2002– |- |{{NFK}}||1986–<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|title=Norfolk Island|website=Gold Coast 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games|access-date=16 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205144938/https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|archive-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} North Borneo{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{NIR}}{{efn|name=n11}}{{efn|name=n16|Ulster Banner ta kasance tutar tsohuwar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa ne kawai tsakanin shekarun 1953 da 1972, amma ana daukar tutar a matsayin tutar Ireland ta Arewa tun daga shekara ta 1924 tsakanin 'yan kungiyar haɗin kai da 'yan amincin Ulster. Ulster Banner ita ce tutar wasanni ta Ireland ta Arewa a sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni kamar Kofin Duniya na FIFA da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Wasan Raga na FIVB.}}||1934–1938, 1954– |- |{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18|Rhodesia ta Kudu da Rhodesia ta Arewa sun yi gasa daban-daban a shekarun 1954 da 1958 yayin da dukansu biyu ke zaman bangare na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland.}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1954–1958 |- |{{PAK}}||1954–1970, 1990– |- |{{PNG}}||1962–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1962 |- |{{RWA}}||2010– |- |{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1978 |- |{{flag|Saint Helena}}{{efn|name=n19|A karkashin sunan "Saint Helena" a Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Commonwealth Countries|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063259/http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun kasance yankunan da ke karkashin Saint Helena, saboda haka ana kiran yankin a hukumance "Saint Helena da Yankunanta" har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Saint Helena, Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun zama madaidaitan sassa na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha a shekara ta 2009.}}||1982, 1998– |- |{{SKN}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1990– |- |{{LCA}}||1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{VCT}}||1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |- |{{SAM}}{{efn|name=n20}}||1998– |- |{{flagicon|Crown Colony of Sarawak}} Sarawak{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{SCO}}||1930– |- |{{SYC}}||1990– |- |{{SLE}}||1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |- |{{SGP}}{{efn|name=n13}}||1958– |- |{{SLB}}||1982, 1990– |- |{{ZAF}}||1911–1958, 1994– |- |{{flag|South Arabia}}{{efn|name=n1}}||1966 |- |{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1934–1958 |- |{{LKA}}||1974–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}{{efn|name=n24}}||1970–2018 |- |{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}}{{efn|name=n21|Zanzibar da Tanganyika sun haɗu don kafa Tanzania a shekara ta 1964.}}||1962 |- |{{TZA}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{TOG}}||2026– |- |{{TON}}||1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{TTO}}||1934–1982, 1990– |- |{{TCA}}||1978, 1998– |- |{{TUV}}||2002– |- |{{UGA}}||1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{GBR}}||1911{{efn|name=n23|Birtaniya ce ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Cikin Empaya a shekara ta 1911. An gudanar da wannan lamarin kafin gudanarwa ta farko ta Wasannin da aka yi a Hamilton, Kanada a shekara ta 1930.}} |- |{{VUT}}||1982– |- |{{WAL}}||1930– |- |{{flag|Western Samoa}}{{efn|name=n20|An sauya wa Samoa ta Yamma suna zuwa Samoa a shekara ta 1997.}}||1974–1994 |- |{{ZMB}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1970–1982, 1990– |- |{{ZWE}}{{efn|name=n22|Zimbabwe ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2003.}}||1982, 1990–2002 |} |} === Kasashen Commonwealth da ba su tura kungiyoyi ba tukuna === Kadan ne kawai daga cikin kasashen Commonwealth da yankunanta ba su taba shiga tsakani ba tukuna:<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014">{{cite web|title=Associated & Overseas Territories|website=Commonwealth of Nations|date=14 April 2014|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921075014/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|title=Commonwealth Games Non-Participating Countries|website=topendsports.com|language=en|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203014/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McConnachie 2014">{{cite web|last=McConnachie|first=Alistair|title=Looking Towards the British Wealth in Common Games|website=A Force For Good|date=21 June 2014|url=https://www.aforceforgood.org.uk/games/bcw1#linkfour|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tokelau, yanki na New Zealand, ana saran za ta shiga a karon farko a Wasannin 2010 a Delhi amma ba ta yi hakan ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|title=Commonwealth Games 2010|accessdate=17 November 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020092950/http://commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|archivedate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an bayyana Tokelau a matsayin wadda ba ta dace da shiga Wasannin Commonwealth ba har sai ta kasance tana da alaƙa da aƙalla tarayya guda biyar na wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="RNZ 2018">{{cite web|title=Sport: Tokelau wrestling earns Commonwealth nod|website=RNZ |date=11 May 2018|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/357136/sport-tokelau-wrestling-earns-commonwealth-nod|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tsibirin Keresimasi da Tsibirin Cocos (Keeling), wadanda dukansu yankuna ne na waje na Ostiraliya kamar Tsibirin Norfolk, ba su tura nasu kungiyoyin ba tukuna. * Akrotiri da Dhekelia, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya da ke tsakiya a kewayen sansanonin sojin Birtaniya, ba ta tura nata kungiyar ba tukuna. * Tsibirin Pitcairn, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya, ba ya shiga saboda karancin yawan jama'a (kewaye da mutane 50).<ref name="Pitcairn">{{cite web|title=Pitcairn's Population|website=LibGuides at Pacific Union College|date=3 May 2021|url=https://puc.libguides.com/PISC-pitcairnpopulation|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Sauran yankuna masu jama'a da shiyyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin Commonwealth, kamar Alderney da Sark (bangare na Bailiwick na Guernsey), Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha (sassa na Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha), Nevis (bangaren tarayya na Tarayyar Saint Kitts da Nevis), Rodrigues (tsibiri na waje na Mauritius), da Zanzibar (bangaren da ke cin gashin kansa na Tanzania), ba a daukar su a matsayin guda biyu daban-daban ko yankunan ketare teku ta Commonwealth<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014"/> don haka ba su da damar samun cancanta. === 'Yan wasan da aka ki amincewa da su === Masu fafutuka daga lardin Ingila na Cornwall sun bukaci Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth da ta ba Cornwall damar shiga daban a Wasannin 2006, amma CGF ta ki amincewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa "Cornwall ba komai ba ce illa lardin Ingila" kuma ya ba 'yan wasan Cornwall shawarar da su yi gasa a kungiyar Ingila.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006">{{cite web|title=Cornish out of running for Games|website=BBC NEWS|date=2 January 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/4575246.stm|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Harris 2006">{{cite web|last=Harris|first=John|title=John Harris: Cornwall wants to be a part of Commonwealth Games|website=the Guardian|date=4 January 2006|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/04/johnharris.features11|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jam'iyyar siyasa ta Cornwall Mebyon Kernow ta nemi a ba kungiyar Cornwall damar shiga Wasannin 2022 amma ba ta samu nasara ba.<ref name="Hart 2022">{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Emma|title=Calls for Cornwall to be allowed to enter its own team at the next Commonwealth Games|website=Pirate FM|date=2 August 2022|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/pirate-fm/local/news/calls-for-cornwall-team-at-commonwealth-games/|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jamhuriyar Birtaniya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta nemi shiga Wasannin 2006, amma an ki amincewa da ita saboda karancin amincewa daga kasashen duniya.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006"/> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == === Kwangilar birnin da zai karbi bakunci === Wasannin Empaya na Birtaniya na 1934, wadanda aka amince a shekara ta 1930 za a gudanar a Johannesburg, an mayar da su London bayan gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta lokacin kafin wariyar launin fata (apartheid) ta ki amincewa da halartar 'yan wasa masu launin fata.<ref name="Gorman2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DlxTDEIaYC&pg=PA170|title=The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s|last=Gorman|first=Daniel|date=31 July 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107021136|page=170|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> An fara ba Durban damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2015, a Babban Taron CGF a Auckland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban confirmed as 2022 host city|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804195951/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An ruwaito a watan Fabrairu na 2017 cewa Durban ba za ta iya karbar bakuncin wasannin ba saboda karancin kudi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2017, CGF ta janye hakkin karbar bakuncin daga Durban sannan ta sake bude tsarin neman neman karbar bakunci na wasannin 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban, South Africa will not host Games in 2022|date=13 March 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204162108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Birane da dama daga Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila da Malaysia sun nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin wasannin. Sai dai, CGF ta samu bukata guda daya tak a hukumance wadda ta fito daga Birmingham, Ingila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Birmingham only bidder for event|date=30 September 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201195548/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2017, an ba Birmingham damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin 2022 a matsayin mai karbar bakunci na gurbi Durban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|title=Birmingham officially named as 2022 Commonwealth Games host city|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=21 December 2017|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184516/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An zabi hadakar bukata daga birane 6 na jihar Victoria a Ostiraliya don karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Dan Andrews ya sanar cewa jihar ta janye daga karbar bakuncin taron saboda karuwa mai tarin yawa a kiyasin kudin taron. Kiyasin farko na kudin ya kasance kusan Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 2.6, amma sabbin kiyasoshi na nuna kudin zai iya kaiwa kusa da Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 6 zuwa 7.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pender|first=Kieran|date=18 July 2023|title=Does Victoria's 2026 cancellation sound Commonwealth Games death knell?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/18/commonwealth-games-2026-cancellation-will-it-return-victoria|access-date=6 August 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, gwamnatin jihar Victoria ta sanar da cewa ta soke shirinta na karbar bakuncin wasannin, ta hanyar kawo hujjar karuwar kiyasin kudaden da ake tsammanin kashewa idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Ba tare da samun birnin da zai karbi bakunci ba, akwai yandancin cewa za a daga wasannin zuwa shekarar 2027 ko kuma soke su gabataki daya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=17 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Costs Too High At Over $6 Billion {{!}} Premier of Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/commonwealth-games-costs-too-high-over-6-billion|access-date=18 July 2023|website=www.premier.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":CancelledGuardian">{{Cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Karp|first2=Cait|last2=Kelly|first3=Adeshola|last3=Ore|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/18/australia-commonwealth-games-2026-victoria-cancels-event-after-costs-blow-out-to-7bn|title =Australia Commonwealth Games 2026: Victoria cancels event after costs blow out to $7bn|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 July 2023|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, an sanar cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasannin na 2026 a Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko | title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 | date=17 September 2024 }}</ref> === Yajin aiki / Yoyikoti === Kamar dai Wasannin Olympic, Wasannin Commonwealth ma sun fuskanci yajin aikin kin halarta (boycott): Nijeriya ta gudanar da yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin Commonwealth na 1978 a Edmonton domin nuna zanga-zangar nuna adawa da huldar wasanni ta New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Uganda ma ta nisanta kanta, domin adawa da zargin kiyayyar Kanada ga gwamnatin Idi Amin.<ref name="MacintoshHawes1994"/><ref name="Edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – 1978 Commonwealth Games – Introduction|website=thecgf.com|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414194244/http://thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|archive-date=14 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:1986 Commonwealth Games (Edinburgh) boycotting countries (red).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin 1986 an yi musu fentin ja|alt=|300x300px]] A lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 a Edinburgh, mafi yawancin kasashen Commonwealth sun yi yajin aikin kin halarta, wanda ya sa Wasannin suka kasance tamkar na fararen fata kawai. Kasashe talatin da biyu daga cikin hamsin da tara da suka dace su shiga—mafi yawansu kasashen Afirka, Asiya da Karibiyan—sun nisanta kansu saboda manufar gwamnatin Thatcher na ci gaba da rike huldar wasanni ta Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata a maimakon shiga cikin yajin aikin kin gudanar da wasanni na gaba daya da kasar. Sakamakon haka, Edinburgh 1986 ta shaida mafi karancin adadin 'yan wasa tun bayan Auckland 1950.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Degun |first1=Tom |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|title=Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed &#124; Glasgow 2014|work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |date=29 February 2012|publisher=insidethegames.biz|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811024929/http://insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin sun hada da Antigua da Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, Indiya, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nijeriya, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tsibirin Solomon, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts da Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad da Tobago, Tanzania, Tsibirin Turks da Caicos, Uganda, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-20-mn-17233-story.html|title=8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23|agency=Reuters|date=20 July 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010750/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-20/news/mn-17233_1_commonwealth-games|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bermuda ta kasance mai janye jiki a makare, domin 'yan wasanta sun bayyana a bikin bude taron da kuma ranar farko ta gasar kafin Kungiyar Olympic ta Bermuda ta yanke shawarar janye jiki a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Graham|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27165110|title=Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111114123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/27165110|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Zanga-zanga === Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane sun gudana ne a tsakiyar gudanar da zanga-zanga mai dimbin yawa domin kare hakkin 'Yan Aborigina na Ostiraliya. Gwamnatin jihar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta Joh Bjelke-Petersen ta fuskanci kalubale akai-akai daga Majalisar 'Yancin Bil-Adama ta Queensland game da takunkumin da ta kakaba wa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga. Gwamnatin Queensland ba ta amince da hakkin filaye na 'Yan Aborigina ba. Haka kuma Queensland ta gindaya gagarumar takunkumi na shari'a a kan Aborigina ta hanyar "Aboriginal Act 1971". Lalubawan 'Yan Aborigina da suka hada da Gary Foley sun tsara zanga-zangar bil-adama a Brisbane a lokacin makon wasannin, wanda aka lakaba wa suna "Stolenwealth Games". A matsayin martani, Queensland ta kafa dokar "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" don sa takunkumi ga zanga-zanga a cikin ko kusa da wurin da ake gudanar da taron. Lokacin da fafutukawan 'Yan Aborigina da masu goyon bayan su suka gabatar da jerin gwano duk da haka, an kame daruruwan mutane. An dauki hotuna da bidiyon zanga-zangar a cikin shirin gaskiya na ''Guniwaya Ngigu''. Sauran zanga-zangar "Stolenwealth Games" sun sake aukuwa a lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a Melbourne da kuma Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite news|last= Latimore|first= Jack|date= 9 April 2018|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|work= Guardian, The|location=|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> == Tasirin kudi == Kudurin kiyasi na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi ya kasance Dalar Amurka biliyan 11, a cewar mujallar ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation|agency=Associated Press|date=25 April 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921204444/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|archive-date=21 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafin wannan, kiyasin farko na majalisar gudanarwa ta Wasannin Olympic ta Indiya a shekara ta 2003 ya kasance Dalar Amurka miliyan 250. Amma a shekara ta 2010, kasafin kudin a hukumance ya haura zuwa kusan Dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8, adadin da bai hada da kudaden gina ayyukan rage radadi da na bunkasa ababen more rayuwa wadanda basu da alaka da wasanni ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20100816-payoffs-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg-743744-2010-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/108072/Sport/payoffs-&-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg.html|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2010|title=Payoffs & bribes cast a shadow on CWG: Sport : India Today|author1=Ravi Shankar|author2=Mihir Srivastava|date=7 August 2010|work=India Today|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 an ruwaito su a matsayin Wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada da aka taba gudanarwa.<ref>Melbourne 2006</ref> Wani bincike da kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers ya gudanar a kan Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006, 2014 da kuma 2018 ya nuna cewa duk dalar Amurka guda daya da gwamnatoci suka kashe kan kudaden gudanarwa, wuraren gudanar da wasanni da sansanin 'yan wasa, ta samar da Dalar Amurka 2 ga tattalin arzikin birnin da ya karbi bakunci ko jiha, tare da matsakaicin samar da guraben aiki fiye da 18,000 sakamakon kowace gasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=New report reveals Commonwealth Games consistently provides over £1 billion boost for host cities|url=https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216122417/https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Value Framework|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Har ila yau, dukkan birane hudu sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa na sufuri ko sauran ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar karbar bakuncin Wasannin, yayin da wasu kuma suka amfana daga farfado da yankuna da suka kasance a baya suna fuskantar kalubale.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|title=Games can deliver gold for Victoria's economy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/games-can-deliver-gold-for-victoria-s-economy-20220216-p59wxa.html|website=The Age|date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Wani bincike da Ernst & Young suka gudanar ya gano cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 sun samar da tasirin tattalin arziki da aka kiyasta kaiwa Dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, yayin da wuraren da aka gina ko aka inganta don Wasannin sun samar da amfanin tattalin arziki na fiye da Dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a shekara ga Gold Coast. Nasarar Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 an yaba mata wajen taimakawa birnin Brisbane samun hakkin karbar bakuncin Wasannin Olympic na Damina na 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=GC2018 Legacy: Beyond the Games report 2024|url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/eed229fa-e623-4cf1-b0f2-0cb0298e4b52/gc2018-legacy-report-2024.pdf?ETag=f1909b86222ff20de6d678c3e58fffd4|publisher=Ernst & Young|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierce|first1=Jeremy|title=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games worth $300m so far: report|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/qld-politics/gold-coast-2018-commonwealth-games-worth-300m-so-far-report/news-story/17b82ff1df2be1d78ddd705c86f2ad86|website=The Courier Mail|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa shahararru == Mai wasan Lawn Bowl Willie Wood daga Scotland shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya shiga Wasannin Commonwealth guda bakwai, tun daga 1974 zuwa 2002, wani mizani da dan tseren keke Andrew Roche daga tsibirin Isle of Man ya daidaita a shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/26985985|title=Glasgow 2014: Mark Cavendish relishes idea of racing with mates|date=10 May 2014|access-date=10 May 2014|newspaper=BBC Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/26985985|archive-date=11 May 2014|url-status=live }}</ref> Dukansu gaba daya David Calvert daga Arewacin Ireland ya tsere musu, wanda a shekara ta 2018 ya halarci wasanninsa na 11.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: TeamNI announced for Gold Coast 2018|url=https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|access-date=4 January 2018|work=Portadown Times|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180313/https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sitiveni Rabuka ya kasance Firayim Ministan Fiji. Kafin sannan, ya wakilci Fiji a wasannin jifan nauyi (shot put da hammer throw), jifan faifai (discus) da kuma decathlon a Wasannin Empaya da Commonwealth na Birtaniya na 1974 da aka gudanar a Christchurch, New Zealand. Greg Yelavich, dan harbe-harbe na wasanni daga New Zealand, ya lashe lambobin yabo 12 a wasanni bakwai tun daga 1986 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Greg Yelavich Olympic success">{{cite web|title=Greg Yelavich|url=https://olympic.org.nz/athletes/greg-yelavich|website=New Zealand Olympic Team|access-date=22 July 2020|language=en|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Dan wasan Lawn Bowl Robert Weale ya wakilci Wales a Wasannin Commonwealth guda 8, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 2014, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare 2, azurfa 3 da kuma tagulla 1.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Weale's Commonwealth Games memories|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27973271|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Mai daukar nauyi na Nauru Marcus Stephen ya lashe lambobin yabo goma sha biyu a Wasannin tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da 2002, inda bakwai daga ciki na zinare ne, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasar Nauru a shekara ta 2007. Wannan nasara tasa ta taimaka wajen sanya Nauru (kasa mafi kankanta mai zaman kanta a Commonwealth, mai murabba'in kilomita 21 da yawan jama'a kasa da 9,400 a shekara ta 2011) a matsayi na ashirin da biyu a saman teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth na kowane lokaci.<ref>August 2019</ref> Mai iyo na Ostiraliya Ian Thorpe ya lashe lambobin zinare 10 da na azurfa 1 a Wasannin Commonwealth. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 a Kuala Lumpur, ya lashe lambobin zinare 4. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, ya lashe lambobin zinare 6 da azurfa 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Inspiring Athletes – Commonwealth Legend|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124937/http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chad le Clos, mai iyo mafi samun lambobin yabo a Afirka ta Kudu, ya lashe lambobin yabo 18 daga Wasannin Commonwealth hudu (2010, 2014, 2018 da 2022), wadanda bakwai daga ciki zinare ne. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu, azurfa guda daya da kuma tagulla guda hudu.<ref>"Chad le Clos stars at Commonwealth Games with record 7 medals". ''News24''. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast, ya lashe zinare uku, azurfa daya da tagulla daya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|title=About Me – Chad Le Clos|work=Chad Le Clos|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105611/http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Jason Statham ya shiga a matsayin mai tsalle ruwa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Jason Statham participated in the 1990 Commonwealth Games|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|website=The Indian Express|author=Shivangi Jalan|date=4 April 2018|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, mawakin Ostiraliya Cody Simpson ya lashe lambar zinare a matsayin mai iyo a tseren gudun maza na ninkaya mai nisan mita 4 × 100 freestyle relay da kuma lambar azurfa a tseren maza na 4 × 100 metre medley relay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsay|first1=George|title=Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=1 August 2022|work=CNN|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Niue Dalton Tagelagi ya fafata a wasan lawn bowls a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 yana kan mukaminsa na mulki,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |title=Dalton Emani Makamau TAGELAGI |publisher=Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games |date= |accessdate=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084456/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |url-status=live }}</ref> sannan kuma ya riga ya fafata a shekarar 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |title=Dalton Tagelagi |publisher=G2014results.thecgf.com |accessdate=30 April 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |title=Dalton TAGELAGI |publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation |date= |accessdate=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611031031/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |url-status=dead }}.</ref> == Daukar hoto da watsa labarai == Gidan talabijin na BBC shi ne babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen tun daga 1954 zuwa 2022 in ban da fitotoci hudu na farko a shekarun 1930, 1934, 1938 da 1950. A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2025, an sanar da cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 a Glasgow za a nuna su kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na TNT Sports karon farko a matsayin talabijin mai biyan kudi maimakon a talabijin na kyauta. Tashar Channel 5 za ta gudanar da nuna taaitaccen labarai da abubuwan da suka faru a kullum na gasar shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 84tagze2anrhbkgc9q44ax08autyq27 966094 966093 2026-10-11T08:04:54Z Nura Bello 24854 966094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wasannin Commonwealth''' {{Efn|Which also refers itself as the '''Comm Games'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comm Games Chairman Peter Beattie Apologies For Closing Ceremony Blunder|url=https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|access-date=7 December 2022|website=Triple M|language=en|archive-date=7 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207095159/https://www.triplem.com.au/story/comm-games-chairman-peter-beattie-apologies-for-closing-ceremony-blunder-90133|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Allan|first=Steve|title=COMM GAMES UNDERWAY FOR COAST ATHLETES {{!}} NBN News|url=https://www.nbnnews.com.au/2022/07/29/comm-games-underway-for-coast-athletes/|access-date=7 December 2022|language=en-AU}}</ref>}} wani taron wasanni ne na duniya sau huɗu a shekara, wanda ke haɗa 'yan wasa daga ko'ina cikin [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙungiyar gamayya ta ƙasashe]], wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa da ta ƙunshi mafi yawan tsoffin yankuna na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] . An fara gudanar da taron a matsayin '''Gasar Daular Burtaniya''' a shekarar 1930, kuma ya samo asali ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye da dama na sunaye, wanda ke nuna sauyin yanayin siyasa da kuma cire Daular daga mulkin mallaka a hankali. An san shi da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya har zuwa shekarar 1950, '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth''' har zuwa 1966, da '''Wasannin Daular Burtaniya''' har zuwa 1974 . Tun daga shekarar 1978, an san taron a hukumance da Wasannin Commonwealth, wani suna da ke nuna asalinsa na zamani tare da ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Birtaniya. Ana kuma kiran wasannin da '''Wasannin Abokan Hulɗa''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Games |url=https://gc2018.com/history-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214012115/https://gc2018.com/history-games |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=14 December 2021 |website=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games}}</ref> Wasannin, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin wasannin wasanni da yawa da aka yi a wajen [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics na zamani]], sun jawo hankalin kai tsaye ga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar Jeux de la Francophonie da Wasannin Lusofonia na tsoffin yankunan Faransa da Portugal bi da bi. Hukumar Commonwealth Sport ce ke kula da wasannin, wadda ke tantance shirin wasanni da kuma bayar da 'yancin karbar bakuncin wasannin. Taron yana goyon bayan al'adunsa na musamman, kamar Baton Relay da kuma ɗaga tutar wasannin Commonwealth a bikin. An bambanta shi da sauran gasannin wasanni na duniya ta hanyar haɗakarsa da kuma gadonsa. An haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a matsayin cikakkun membobin ƙungiyar tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma a cikin shekarun 2018, Wasannin sun zama gasar wasanni da yawa ta farko a duniya da ta bayar da lambobin yabo iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. Nan da shekarar 2022, abubuwan da mata ke yi sun fi na maza yawa a karon farko. Baya ga manyan wasannin Olympics, Wasannin Commonwealth sun haɗa da fannoni kamar ƙwallon raga, kwano na ciyawa da kuma squash, waɗanda ke da farin jini musamman a cikin Commonwealth. Asalin wadan nan wasannin ya kasance a gasar zakarun Inter-Empire na 1911, tare da Melville Marks Robinson yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa wasannin farko na hukuma a Hamilton, Kanada. A tsawon lokaci, abubuwan da suka faru kamar Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth da Wasannin Paraplegic na Commonwealth da suka ɓace yanzu sun kara fadada shiga. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics da sauran wasannin duniya ba, wasannin Commonwealth suna ba da izinin wakilci daga Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth goma sha biyar waɗanda ba jihohi masu zaman kansu ba. Wadannan sun hada da kasashe huɗu na Ƙasar Ingila, Crown Dependencies, yankuna da yawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Burtaniya, Norfolk Island (Australia) da Niue (New Zealand). Musamman, duk da kasancewa marasa iko, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands da Cayman Islands an amince da su a matsayin Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na kasa masu zaman kansu ta Kwamitin Wasano na Duniya. Zuwa yanzu, birane ashirin ne a cikin ƙasashe tara ne suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin. [[Auckland]], [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]] sun karbi bakuncin gasar sau biyu. Ana gudanar da sabon bugu a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Glasgow]] a shekarar 2026. Da farko, an bai wa Victoria gasar Commonwealth ta 2026 a Ostiraliya, amma damuwar kuɗi ta sa jihar ta janye daga gasar. Daga baya, an tabbatar da Glasgow a matsayin birnin da zai maye gurbin wanda zai karbi bakuncin gasar. Wasannin da ake yi a yanzu sun yi ƙanƙanta sosai, inda suka ƙunshi wasanni goma kacal. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar sulhu, gwamnatin Victoria za ta samar da sama da fam miliyan 2 ga masu shirya gasar Glasgow. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2024 |title=King launches Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Baton Relay |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513201451/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvge76gd3e1o.amp |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |website=BBC News |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> An ba wa [[Ahmedabad]], Indiya, gasar wasannin Commonwealth ta 2030 (wanda zai kasance Wasannin XXIV da Wasannin Karni na 100). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-26 |title=Commonwealth Games 2030: Indian city of Ahmedabad confirmed as hosts |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/crmdnz7l270o |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihi == John Astley Cooper ne ya fara gabatar da gasar wasanni da ta haɗa membobin [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]] a shekarar 1891, shekaru biyar kafin gasar Olympics ta zamani ta farko, wanda ya rubuta wasiƙu da muƙaloli ga jaridu da dama da ke nuna "Taron Pan Brittanic, Pan Anglican duk bayan shekaru huɗu a matsayin hanyar ƙara kyautatawa da fahimtar Daular Burtaniya." <ref name="ANETT">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2017 |title=J Astley Cooper |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/j-astley-cooper/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> An kafa Kwamitin John Astley Cooper a Ostiraliya, [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don tallata wannan ra'ayi kuma ya zaburar da Pierre de Coubertin don fara ƙungiyar [[Gasar Olympic|wasannin Olympics]] ta duniya. A shekarar 1911, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Inter-Empire tare da bikin Daular, a Fadar Crystal da ke [[Landan]] don murnar naɗin George na Biyar, kuma Earl na Plymouth da Lord Desborough ne suka jagoranci gasar. Ƙungiyoyi daga Australasia (Ostiraliya da New Zealand), Kanada, Afirka ta Kudu, da Birtaniya sun fafata a gasannin motsa jiki, dambe, iyo da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COMMONWEALTH GAMES MEDALLISTS |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418100107/http://www.gbrathletics.com/commonwealth/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=GBR Athletics}}</ref> Kanada ta lashe gasar kuma an ba ta kofin azurfa (wanda Lord Lonsdale ya ba ta kyauta) wanda ya kasance {{Convert|2|ft|6|in|cm}}tsayin kuma yana da nauyin {{Convert|340|oz|kg}} . Wani wakilin ''Auckland Star'' ya soki Wasannin, yana mai kiransu "babban takaici" wanda "bai cancanci a ba shi taken 'Empire Sports' ba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 1911 |title=Empire Sports |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201347/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19110821.2.55 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Papers Past}}</ref> Yayin da ake shirin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1928 a Amsterdam, babban jami'in ƙungiyar Amateur Athletic Union of Canada J. Howard Crocker ya yi magana da ɗan jarida Melville Marks Robinson na ''The Hamilton Spectator'', game da ɗaukar nauyin wani taron wasanni na duniya a Kanada. Robinson ya gabatar da shawara kuma ya yi kira da a dauki nauyin shirya gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya a Hamilton, Ontario, a shekarar 1930. <ref name="TOP">{{Cite web |title=History of the Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201346/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/history.htm |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Daga nan Robinson ya yi aiki a matsayin manajan ƙungiyar 'yan wasan tsere ta Kanada a wasannin daular Burtaniya na 1930. <ref name="TOP" /> Duk da cewa akwai jihohi 56 masu ikon mallaka waɗanda suka kasance membobi na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashe, akwai ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth guda 74 masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nations |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513192417/https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=Commonwealth Sport}}</ref> An raba su zuwa yankuna shida (Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania) kuma kowannensu yana da irin wannan aiki da Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa dangane da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu. A wasu ƙasashe, kamar [[Indiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]], NOCs ɗinsu suna ɗaukar ayyukan CGA. Gamayyar ƙungiyoyi shida ne kawai suka shiga kowace gasar Commonwealth: Australia, Canada, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] . Daga cikin waɗannan shida, Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada da New Zealand kowannensu ya lashe aƙalla lambar zinare ɗaya a kowace wasa. Ostiraliya ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a wasanni goma sha uku, Ingila ta yi wasanni bakwai, Kanada kuma ta yi wasa ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku kuma suna kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo na Gasar Commonwealth a wannan jerin. === Bugu-da-wane === ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya (1930–1950) ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1930 su ne na farko da aka fi sani da Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma an gudanar da su a Hamilton, Ontario, Kanada daga 16 zuwa 23 ga Agusta 1930 kuma Lord Willingdon ya buɗe su. <ref name="H30">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201441/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Commonwealth Games Federation]]}}</ref> Kasashe goma sha ɗaya: Ostiraliya, [[Bermuda]], British Guyana, Kanada, Ingila, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], Newfoundland, New Zealand, [[Scotland]], Afirka ta Kudu da [[Wales]], sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 400 don yin gasa a wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, kwano, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. An gudanar da bukukuwan buɗewa da rufewa da kuma wasannin motsa jiki a filin wasa na Civic . <ref name="E30">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=1930 Empire Games |url=http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201349/http://www.anentscottishrunning.com/1930-commonwealth-games/ |archive-date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=Anent Scottish Running}}</ref> Kudin Wasannin ya kai dala $97,973. <ref name="E30" /> Mata sun fafata a gasar ruwa kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamilton 1930 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120112/https://thecgf.com/games/hamilton-1930 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Ɗan wasan tsalle-tsalle sau uku na ƙasar Kanada Gordon Smallacombe ya lashe lambar zinare ta farko a tarihin wasannin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jamie Bradburn |date=21 July 2015 |title=The British Empire Games of 1930 |url=http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831000151/http://torontoist.com/2015/07/the-british-empire-games-of-1930/ |archive-date=31 August 2017 |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=Torontoist.com}}</ref> [[File:SLNSW_23801_Opening_Empire_Games_Sydney_Cricket_Ground.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar wasannin daular Burtaniya ta 1938 a filin wasan kurket na Sydney .]] Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1934 su ne na biyu a cikin wasannin Commonwealth da aka gudanar a [[Landan|London]], Ingila. Birnin da ya karbi bakuncin gasar shine Landan, inda babban wurin wasan yake a Wembley Park, duk da cewa an gudanar da gasar tseren keke a [[Manchester]] . An ba da wasannin 1934 ga [[Johannesburg]], amma aka ba da su ga London saboda damuwa mai tsanani game da nuna wariya ga 'yan wasan Asiya da baƙar fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Har yanzu ba a fayyace alaƙar 'yan wasan Ireland a wasannin 1934 ba, amma babu wata ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Ireland Free State da aka kafa a hukumance. Ƙungiyoyi goma sha shida na ƙasa sun shiga gasar, ciki har da sabbin 'yan wasa Hong Kong, Indiya, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=London 1934 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120035/https://thecgf.com/games/london-1934 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1938 su ne Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na uku, wanda aka gudanar a [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya. An tsara lokacin da zai yi daidai da cika shekaru 100 na Sydney (shekaru 150 tun kafuwar matsugunin Birtaniya a Ostiraliya). An gudanar da bikin bude gasar III a karon farko a yankin Kudancin Duniya, a filin wasan kurket na Sydney, wanda ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 40,000. Kasashe 15 ne suka halarci gasar Sydney, inda jimillar 'yan wasa 464 da jami'ai 43 suka halarta. Fiji da Ceylon sun fara fitowa a karon farko. An gabatar da wasanni bakwai a wasannin Sydney - wasannin motsa jiki, dambe, hawan keke, kwano na ciyawa, kwale-kwale, iyo da nutsewa da kokawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sydney 1938 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182918/https://thecgf.com/games/sydney-1938 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Daular Burtaniya na 1950 su ne bugu na huɗu kuma an gudanar da su a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, bayan shekaru goma sha biyu da suka rage kafin bugu na uku na wasannin. An ba da wasannin na huɗu ga [[Montréal|Montreal]], Kanada kuma an shirya za a gudanar da su a shekarar 1942, amma an soke su saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . 'Yan kallo 40,000 ne suka halarci bikin bude gasar a filin wasa na Eden Park, yayin da kusan mutane 250,000 suka halarci gasar Auckland. Kasashe goma sha biyu sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 590 zuwa Auckland. Malaya da [[Najeriya]] sun fara bayyana a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1950 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182635/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1950 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth (1954–1966) ==== [[File:Bannister_and_Landy.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumi a Vancouver da ke tunawa da "Miracle Mile" tsakanin Roger Bannister da [[John Landy]]]] An gudanar da bugu na biyar na Wasannin, wato Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na 1954, a [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fara amfani da sunan daga Wasannin Daular Burtaniya a shekarar 1952, a daidai lokacin da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu ke mulki. Bugu na biyar na Wasannin ya sanya Vancouver a kan dandamali na duniya kuma ya ƙunshi lokutan wasanni masu ban sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi mai ban mamaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha da kuma al'adun gargajiya. Kamar yadda aka san shi da "Miracle Mile", wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare, Roger Bannister na Ingila da [[John Landy]] na Australia, sun gudanar da tsere na ƙasa da mintuna huɗu a wani taron da aka watsa kai tsaye a faɗin duniya a karon farko. Arewacin Rhodesia da [[Pakistan]] sun fara buga wasa kuma dukkansu sun yi rawar gani, inda suka lashe lambobin yabo takwas da shida bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vancouver 1954 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120046/https://thecgf.com/games/vancouver-1954 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:1958_Commonwealth_Games_3d_Stamp.jpg|thumb|3 pence British stamp with theme of 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Cardiff, Wales]] An gudanar da Wasannin Daular Burtaniya da na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a Cardiff, Wales. Wasannin guda shida sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taɓa gudanarwa a Wales kuma ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta taɓa karɓar bakuncin Gasar Daular Burtaniya da Wasannin Commonwealth. Cardiff ta jira fiye da shekaru goma sha biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara tun farko don zama mai masaukin baki na Wasannin, saboda an soke gasar 1946 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Wasannin Cardiff sun gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Relay na Sarauniya, wanda aka gudanar a matsayin gabatarwa ga kowace gasar Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth tun daga lokacin. Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,122 da jami'ai 228 zuwa Wasannin Cardiff kuma kasashe 23 da masu dogaro da su sun lashe lambobin yabo, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Ghana]], Kenya da [[Isle of Man|Tsibirin Man]] a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardiff 1958 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120128/https://thecgf.com/games/cardiff-1958 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake gab da wasannin Cardiff, manyan taurarin wasanni da dama, ciki har da Stanley Matthews, Jimmy Hill da Don Revie, sun sanya hannu a wata wasika da suka aike wa ''jaridar The Times'' a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1958, suna nuna rashin jin dadinsu game da kasancewar wasannin Afirka ta Kudu masu launin fata kawai, suna adawa da 'manufar wariyar launin fata' a wasannin kasa da kasa da kuma kare 'ka'idar daidaiton launin fata wanda ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Wasannin Olympics'. An gudanar da wasannin Daular Burtaniya da Commonwealth na shekarar 1962 a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya . Kasashe talatin da biyar sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 863 da jami'ai 178 zuwa Perth. [[Jersey]] tana cikin waɗanda suka lashe lambobin yabo a karon farko, yayin da Burtaniya Honduras, [[Dominika|Dominica]], Papua da New Guinea da [[Saint Lucia|St Lucia]] duk suka buga wasannin farko. Aden shi ma ya fafata da gasar ta hanyar gayyatar musamman. Sarawak, North Borneo da Malaya sun fafata a karo na ƙarshe, kafin su shiga gasar a shekarar 1966 a ƙarƙashin tutar Malaysia . Bugu da ƙari, [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] sun fafata a gasar a matsayin ƙungiya a karon farko kuma ta farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Perth 1962 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183025/https://thecgf.com/games/perth-1962 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da gasar Daular Burtaniya da ta Commonwealth ta shekarar 1966 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]] . Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a wajen abin da ake kira White Dominions . Kasashe talatin da huɗu (ciki har da Kudancin Arabia ) sun fafata a gasar Kingston Games, inda suka aika da jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 1,316. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingston 1966 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120105/https://thecgf.com/games/kingston-1966 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya (1970–1974) ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1970 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka amince da sunan Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya, karo na farko da aka yi amfani da [[Tsarin ma'auni|na'urorin auna ma'auni]] maimakon na imperial a cikin taruka, karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin a [[Scotland]] da kuma karo na farko da Sarauniya [[Elizabeth II|Elizabeth ta Biyu]] ta halarta a matsayinta na Shugabar Commonwealth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1970 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182818/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1970 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 a Christchurch, New Zealand . An kira taron a hukumance The Friendly Games, kuma shi ne bugu na farko da ya ƙunshi waƙar taken. Bayan Kisan kiyashi na 'yan wasan Isra'ila a wasannin Olympics na Munich na 1972, wasannin goma a Christchurch sune wasan farko na wasanni da yawa don sanya lafiyar mahalarta da masu kallo a matsayin mafi girman abin da ake buƙata. Masu tsaro sun kewaye ƙauyen 'yan wasan kuma akwai manyan' yan sanda. Kasashe 22 ne kawai suka yi nasarar lashe lambobin yabo daga jimlar lambobin yabo 374 da aka bayar, amma wadanda suka lashe gasar a karon farko sun hada da Western Samoa, [[Lesotho]] da Swaziland (tun daga shekarar 2018 ana kiransu [[Eswatini]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christchurch 1974 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182637/https://thecgf.com/games/christchurch-1974 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na Burtaniya na 1974 an kira ta "Join Together". ==== Wasannin Commonwealth (1978–1998) ==== An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1978 a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada. Wannan taron shi ne na farko da aka sanya wa suna a yanzu na Wasannin Commonwealth, kuma ya nuna sabon matsayi yayin da kusan 'yan wasa 1,500 daga ƙasashe 46 suka shiga. [[Najeriya]] ta kaurace musu don nuna rashin amincewarta da hulɗar wasanni da [[New Zealand]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai mulkin wariyar launin fata ke yi da ita, da kuma [[Uganda]] don nuna rashin amincewarsu da zargin da ake yi wa gwamnatin [[Idi Amin]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edmonton 1978 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182816/https://thecgf.com/games/edmonton-1978 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Games_Opening_Ceremony_-_Brisbane_1982.jpg|thumb| Bikin bude gasar Commonwealth ta 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Ostiraliya]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a [[Brisbane]], Queensland, Ostiraliya. Kasashe arba'in da shida ne suka shiga gasar Brisbane, inda suka samu sabon tarihi na 'yan wasa 1,583 da kuma jami'ai 571. A matsayinta na mai masaukin baki, Ostiraliya ce ke kan gaba a teburin lambobin yabo a gaban Ingila, Kanada, Scotland da New Zealand bi da bi. [[Zimbabwe]] ta fara fitowa a gasar, bayan da ta fafata a matsayin Southern Rhodesia da kuma wani ɓangare na [[Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland|Rhodesia da Nyasaland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brisbane 1982 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182713/https://thecgf.com/games/brisbane-1982 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 mai suna "You're Here To Win". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], Scotland kuma su ne wasanni na biyu da aka gudanar a Edinburgh. Kasashe 32 na Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean sun kauracewa shiga gasar wasannin Olympics ta 1986, inda suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da kin amincewa da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta yi na yin Allah wadai da huldar wasanni da Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1985, amma wasannin sun sake bunƙasa kuma suka ci gaba da bunƙasa daga baya. Kasashe ashirin da shida sun halarci gasar Edinburgh ta biyu, kuma sun aika jimillar 'yan wasa 1,662 da jami'ai 461. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edinburgh 1986 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407183027/https://thecgf.com/games/edinburgh-1986 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 an yi mata suna "Ruhun Matasa". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1990 a [[Auckland]], New Zealand. Su ne wasannin Commonwealth na goma sha huɗu, na uku da New Zealand za ta karbi bakuncinsa, na biyu kuma na Auckland. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 55 sun halarci gasar Auckland ta biyu, inda 'yan wasa da jami'ai 2,826 suka halarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auckland 1990 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120012/https://thecgf.com/games/auckland-1990 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Pakistan ta koma cikin ƙungiyar Commonwealth a shekarar 1989 bayan ta janye a shekarar 1972, kuma ta fafata a wasannin 1990 bayan ta shafe shekaru ashirin ba tare da ta halarci gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615134534/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=PAK |archive-date=15 June 2017 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1990 mai suna "Wannan Shine Lokacin". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Wannan taron shine karo na huɗu da ya faru a Kanada. Wasannin sun nuna wani muhimmin batu na komawar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] cikin yanayin wasanni bayan zamanin wariyar launin fata, kuma sama da shekaru talatin tun lokacin da ƙasar ta fafata a wasannin karshe a shekarar 1958 . [[Namibiya|Namibia]] ta fara gasar Commonwealth bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma shine karo na ƙarshe da Hong Kong ta halarci wasannin kafin a miƙa 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya zuwa China. Kasashe sittin da uku sun aika 'yan wasa 2,557 da jami'ai 914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria 1994 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182604/https://thecgf.com/games/victoria-1994 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar da aka yi wa taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 mai suna "Bari Ruhunka Ya Yi Sauri". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 1998 a [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia. A karon farko a tarihinta na shekaru 68, an gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Asiya. Taron shi ne kuma Wasannin farko da suka ƙunshi wasannin ƙungiya (kurket, rugby 7s, netball da field hockey) tare da bowling goma da squash - wani babban nasara wanda ya ƙara yawan masu sauraro da kuma waɗanda ke kallon talabijin. Sabon tarihi na ƙasashe 70 ya aika jimillar 'yan wasa da jami'ai 5,065 zuwa Gasar Kuala Lumpur. Kasashe biyar mafiya kyau a jerin wadanda suka lashe lambobin yabo sune Ostiraliya, Ingila, Kanada, Malaysia (wadanda suka yi fice a wasanninsu har zuwa wannan ranar) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu. [[Nauru]] ta kuma samu lambobin zinare uku masu ban mamaki. [[Kamaru]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Kiribati]] da [[Tuvalu]] sun fara fafatawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuala Lumpur 1998 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120007/https://thecgf.com/games/kuala-lumpur-1998 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 mai suna "Forever As One". ==== A lokacin ƙarni na 21 ==== An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a [[Manchester]], Ingila. An shirya taron ne a Ingila a karon farko tun shekarar 1934 kuma ya zo daidai da bikin zagayowar shekarar Zinare ta Elizabeth ta Biyu, shugabar [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] . Dangane da wasanni da abubuwan da suka faru, gasar 2002 ta kasance gasar Commonwealth mafi girma a tarihi, inda ta ƙunshi wasanni 281 a cikin wasanni 17. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci a jadawalin ƙarshe na lambobin yabo, sai kuma Ingila mai masaukin baki da Kanada. Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 sun kafa sabon ma'auni don ɗaukar nauyin wasannin Commonwealth da kuma biranen da ke son yin tayinsu tare da mai da hankali sosai kan abubuwan tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester 2002 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120044/https://thecgf.com/games/manchester-2002 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 mai suna " Where My Heart Will Take Me ". [[File:MSC,_2006_Commonwealth_Games.jpg|thumb| Wasanni a filin wasan kurket na Melbourne (MCG) yayin wasannin Commonwealth na 2006, [[Melbourne]]]] An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, Australia. Bambanci kawai tsakanin wasannin 2006 da Wasannin 2002 shine rashin [[Zimbabwe]], wanda ya janye daga Commonwealth of Nations bayan kungiyar ta dakatar da shi a shekara ta 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Geoffrey |date=November 18, 2024 |title=Commonwealth leaders push for Zimbabwe to rejoin despite tainted elections |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102114924/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-zimbabwe-commonwealth-readmission-push/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=May 13, 2025 |publisher=The Globe & Mail}}</ref> A karo na farko a tarihin wasannin Sarauniya ta ziyarci kowace ƙasa da yankin Commonwealth da ke shiga cikin wasannin, tafiya ta kilomita 180,000 (110,000 . Fiye da 'yan wasa 4000 sun shiga gasar wasanni. Har ila yau Top 3 a kan teburin lambar yabo shine Australia, sannan Ingila da Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melbourne 2006 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120010/https://thecgf.com/games/melbourne-2006 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 an kira ta "Together We Are One". An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a [[Delhi]], Indiya. Wasannin sun ci dala biliyan 11 kuma sun kasance wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada a tarihi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth a Indiya, kuma shine karo na farko da [[Jamhuriyar a cikin Commonwealth of Nations|jamhuriyar Commonwealth]] ta karbi bakuncin wasannin, sannan kuma karo na biyu da aka gudanar da su a Asiya bayan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia a shekarar 1998. Jimillar 'yan wasa 6,081 daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth 71 da kuma waɗanda suka dogara da su]] sun fafata a wasanni 21 da kuma gasa 272. Ostiraliya ce ta jagoranci ƙidayar lambobin yabo na ƙarshe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar Indiya ta sami mafi kyawun wasanta a kowane gasa, inda ta zo ta biyu a jimilla. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi 2010 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120108/https://thecgf.com/games/delhi-2010 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[Ruwanda|Rwanda]] ta fara buga wasanninta na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130063104/http://thecgf.com/countries/intro.asp?loc=RWA |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=thecgf.com}}</ref> An yi waƙar taken wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 mai suna "Kai tsaye, tashi, hawa, nasara". An gudanar da Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a [[Glasgow]], Scotland. Wadannan wasannin sun kasance mafi girman taron wasanni da aka taba gudanarwa a Scotland tare da kimanin 'yan wasa 4,950 daga kasashe da yankuna daban-daban 71 da ke fafatawa a wasanni 18 daban-daban, wanda ya wuce wasannin Commonwealth na 1970 da 1986 a [[Edinburgh]], babban birnin Scotland. [[Usain bolt|Usain Bolt]] ya yi gasa a tseren mita 4×100 na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 kuma ya kafa rikodin Wasannin Commonwealth tare da abokan aikinsa. Wasannin sun sami yabo saboda shirya su, halarta, da kuma sha'awar jama'a na mutanen Scotland, tare da shugaban zartarwa na CGF Mike Hooper yana yaba da su a matsayin "wasannin da suka fi dacewa a tarihin motsi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glasgow 2014 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407182710/https://thecgf.com/games/glasgow-2014 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Commonwealth_Cycling_(geograph_4105477).jpg|right|thumb| Gasar kekuna a lokacin Gasar Commonwealth ta 2014 da aka shirya a [[Glasgow]], Scotland]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a [[Gold Coast]], Queensland, Ostiraliya, kuma karo na biyar da Ostiraliya ta karbi bakuncin wasannin. Akwai dai adadin abubuwan da suka faru ga maza da mata iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihi da wani babban taron wasanni da dama ya sami daidaito a fannoni daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold Coast 2018 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413185707/https://thecgf.com/games/gold-coast-2018 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Birmingham_2022_Opening_Ceremony.jpg|thumb| Bikin Buɗewa na 2022]] An gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2022 a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da aka shirya gasar Commonwealth a Ingila, bayan gasar London 1934 da Manchester 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham 2022 |url=https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407120125/https://thecgf.com/games/birmingham-2022 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation |language=en}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 sun yi daidai da bikin cika shekaru 10 na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012 da kuma [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Paralympics ta bazara ta 2012]], dukkansu an gudanar da su a [[Landan]] . Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 shi ne bugu na ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu, kafin rasuwarta a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2022. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2022, an sanar da cewa za a gudanar da [[wasannin Commonwealth na 2026]] a karo na shida a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], amma a karon farko za a raba su, yayin da jihar Victoria ta sanya hannu a matsayin 'birnin' mai masaukin baki. Taron zai ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yankuna waɗanda galibi suka fi mayar da hankali a yankin Bendigo, da kuma wasu cibiyoyin yankuna uku. Duk da haka, a watan Yulin 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Daniel Andrews ya sanar da cewa Victoria ba za ta sake karbar bakuncin wasannin 2026 ba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Australia's Victoria state pulls out of hosting 2026 Commonwealth Games |url=https://news.sky.com/story/victoria-state-pulls-out-of-hosting-2026-commonwealth-games-12922606 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta gudanar da wasannin 2026 a Glasgow, bayan soke gasar Victoria, duk da haka za a "rage wasannin" inda za a gudanar da wasanni 10 kacal a wurare huɗu, da kuma alƙawarin cewa ba za a buƙaci kuɗin jama'a ba. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-17 |title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 zai zama na farko da za a gudanar a ƙarƙashin mulkin [[Charles III|Sarki Charles na Uku]] . Kasashe uku da suka fi karbar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth sune Australia (5), Canada (4) da [[Scotland]] (4). New Zealand tana da wasanni uku kuma tare da wasannin 2022, Ingila ma ta ƙara adadinta zuwa uku. An shirya wasanni ɗaya a [[Wales]], biyu a Asiya ( [[Maleshiya|Malesiya]] (1) da [[Indiya]] (1)) da ɗaya a Caribbean ( [[Jamaika]] (1)). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Story of The Commonwealth Games |url=http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125811/http://thecgf.com/games/story.asp |archive-date=16 April 2017 |access-date=28 April 2017 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> An ba da wannan kyautar ga Afirka, amma ba a taɓa yin ta ba, inda aka cire [[Durban]] daga gasar wasannin 2022 sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi. Za a gudanar da wasannin Commonwealth na shekarar 2030 a [[Ahmedabad]] kuma zai kasance bikin cika shekaru 100 da fara gasar Commonwealth. === Wasannin Gurɓataccen Nakasa === [[File:1962_Commonwealth_Paraplegic_Games_Competitors_Team_Photograph.jpg|thumb| 'Yan wasan Gasar Commonwealth ta 1962 a [[Perth]]]] Wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi 'yan wasa masu nakasa daga [[Kasashen common wealth|ƙasashen Commonwealth]] . A wasu lokutan ana kiran taron da Wasannin Daular Paraplegic da Wasannin Paraplegic na Burtaniya. 'Yan wasa galibi suna fama da [[raunin kashin baya]] ko kuma cutar [[Polio|shan inna]] . An fara gudanar da taron ne a shekarar 1962 kuma an soke shi a shekarar 1974. An gudanar da wasannin ne a ƙasar da ke karɓar bakuncin wasannin Commonwealth ga 'yan wasa masu ƙarfin jiki. Kasashen da suka dauki nauyin gasar Commonwealth Paraplegic Games sune Australia, Jamaica, Scotland da New Zealand a shekarun 1962, 1966, 1970 da 1974 . Kasashe shida - Ostiraliya, Ingila, New Zealand, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]], [[Scotland]] da [[Wales]] - an wakilta su a dukkan wasannin Commonwealth Paraplegic. Ingila da Ostiraliya sun yi{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} ƙasar da ta fi samun matsayi sau biyu kowannensu: 1962, 1974 da 1966, 1970.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2019}} ==== Haɗa 'yan wasa nakasassu cikin Wasannin Commonwealth ==== An fara haɗa 'yan wasa masu nakasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1994 a Victoria, British Columbia lokacin da aka ƙara wannan taron a wasannin motsa jiki da kwano, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Ooyen and Justin Anjema |first=Mark |last2=Anjema |first2=Justin |date=25 March 2004 |title=A Review and Interpretation of the Events of the 1994 Commonwealth Games |url=http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731114220/http://sporthamilton.com/content/histroy/1994commonwealthgames.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012 |publisher=Redeemer University College}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi a wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, Ingila, an haɗa su a matsayin wasannin dole, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama wasannin wasanni da yawa na duniya na farko da suka haɗa da juna . Wannan yana nufin cewa an haɗa sakamako a cikin ƙidayar lambobin yabo kuma 'yan wasan cikakken memba ne na kowace tawagar ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Para-sports for elite athletes with a disability |url=http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130060533/http://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp |archive-date=30 November 2010 |access-date=25 February 2012 |website=Commonwealth Games Federation website}}</ref> A lokacin Babban Taron 2007 na Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) a [[Kolombo|Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Kwamitin Wasannin Paralympic na Duniya]] (IPC) da CGF sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da alaƙar hukuma tsakanin hukumomin biyu da kuma tabbatar da halartar fitattun 'yan wasa masu nakasa (EAD) a nan gaba a Wasannin Commonwealth. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin IPC da CGF. Ta amince da IPC a matsayin hukumar wasanni da ta dace kuma tana da alhakin kula da daidaitawa da kuma aiwatar da shirin wasanni na EAD na Wasannin Commonwealth kuma ta yi alƙawarin yin aiki tare don tallafawa ci gaban Motsin Wasannin Paralympic da Commonwealth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC and CGF Sign Co-operative Agreement |url=https://www.paralympic.org/press-release/ipc-and-cgf-sign-co-operative-agreement |access-date=7 February 2020 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |language=en}}</ref> ==== Wasannin hunturu ==== [[File:StMoritz.jpg|thumb| St. Moritz, wurin da za a yi dukkan wasannin hunturu guda uku daga 1958 zuwa 1966]] Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth wani taron wasanni da yawa ne wanda ya ƙunshi wasannin hunturu, wanda aka yi a ƙarshe a shekarar 1970. An shirya bugu huɗu na Wasannin. An tsara wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth a matsayin wani tsari na adawa da wasannin Commonwealth, wanda ke mai da hankali kan wasannin bazara, don rakiyar wasannin Olympics na hunturu da na bazara . TD Richardson ne ya kafa Wasannin hunturu. An gudanar da Wasannin hunturu na Commonwealth na shekarar 1958 a St. Moritz, Switzerland kuma su ne wasannin farko na bugu na hunturu. An kuma gudanar da wasannin 1962 a St. Moritz, wanda ya dace da gasar 1962 ta Daular Burtaniya da Gasar Commonwealth a [[Perth]], Ostiraliya, kuma an gudanar da gasar 1966 a St. Moritz, bayan fitowar 1970, an daina tunanin. === Wasannin Matasa === The Commonwealth Youth Games is an international multi-sport event organised by the Commonwealth Games Federation. The Commonwealth Youth Games is held every four years with the current Commonwealth Games format. The Commonwealth Games Federation discussed the idea of a Millennium Commonwealth Youth Games in 1997. In 1998, the concept was agreed on for the purpose of providing a Commonwealth multi-sport event for young people born in 1986 or later. The first version was held in [[Edinburgh]], Scotland from 10 to 14 August 2000. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Games |url=http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017114244/http://bendigo2004.thecgf.com/About_the_Games/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |access-date=4 September 2017 |website=Bendigo 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games}}</ref> == Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth == [[File:London Shopping 002 (6166876525) (2).jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]] a Commonwealth House (a tsakiya) da ke Landan]] Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth (CGF) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke da alhakin jagoranci da kula da Wasannin Commonwealth da Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth, kuma ita ce babbar hukuma kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|title=The Role of The CGF|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=22 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823023143/http://thecgf.com/about/role.asp|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Commonwealth House da ke Landan, Ingila, ita ce ke ɗauke da hedikwatar CGF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact|title=Contact Information|website=Commonwealth Games Federation|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115608/https://thecgf.com/contact|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Commonwealth House kuma tana ɗauke da hedikwatar Royal Commonwealth Society da Commonwealth Local Government Forum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thercs.org/contact/|title=Contact {{!}} Royal Commonwealth Society|website=thercs.org|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510184110/https://thercs.org/contact/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|title=Contact us – CLGF|website=clgf.org.uk|language=en|access-date=10 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510120039/http://www.clgf.org.uk/about-us/contact-us/|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: * Ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa da ƙasa (IFs) su ne hukumomin da ke kula da wani wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Misali, International Basketball Federation (FIBA) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasan ƙwallon kwando a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Sports Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021246/https://thecgf.com/contact/federations.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Ƙungiyoyin Wasannin Commonwealth (CGAs) suna wakiltar tare da tsara harkokin Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth a kowace ƙasa, kuma suna gudanar da ayyuka makamantan na Kwamitocin Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasa. Misali, Commonwealth Games England (CGE) ita ce CGA ta Ingila. A halin yanzu, CGF ta amince da CGAs guda 72.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – CGA Contacts|website=thecgf.com|access-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020021/https://thecgf.com/contact/cga.asp|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kwamitocin Shirya Wasannin Commonwealth (OCCWGs) su ne kwamitoci na wucin gadi da ke da alhakin shirya kowanne daga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth. Ana rushe OCCWGs bayan kammala kowanne wasa, bayan an gabatar da rahoton ƙarshe ga CGF. Turanci shi ne harshen hukuma na Commonwealth. Sauran harshen da ake amfani da shi a kowanne Wasannin Commonwealth shi ne harshen ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin (ko harsuna, idan ƙasar tana da fiye da harshen hukuma guda ɗaya ban da Turanci). Ana furta kowace sanarwa (kamar sanarwar kowace ƙasa yayin faretin ƙasashe a bikin buɗe wasannin) da waɗannan harsuna biyu (ko fiye). Idan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana da irin wannan yanayi, alhakinta ne ta zaɓi harshen ko harsunan da za a yi amfani da su da kuma tsarin amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2019-11/CGF%20Constitution%20Final.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|title=CGF Constitution|website=Commonwealth Games Federation}}</ref> == Gudun Sandar Sarki == [[File:Bilston St.-Garrick St. - geograph.org.uk - 536739.jpg|thumb|Gudun Sandar Jubilee na Sarauniya na [[2002 Commonwealth Games]]]] Gudun Sandar Sarki gasa ce ta gudun relay da ake yi a faɗin duniya kafin fara Wasannin Commonwealth. Sandar tana ɗauke da saƙo daga Shugaban Commonwealth. A al'ada, gudun sandar yana farawa ne daga Buckingham Palace da ke Landan a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan Commonwealth Day na birnin. Sarki yana miƙa sandar ga ɗan gudun relay na farko. A bikin buɗe Wasannin, ɗan gudun relay na ƙarshe yana mayar da sandar ga sarki ko wakilinsa, wanda yake karanta saƙon da babbar murya domin buɗe wasannin a hukumance. Gudun Sandar Sarki yana kama da Gudun Tocilan Olympics.<ref name="RelayTradition">{{cite web|url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|title=Queen's Baton Relay: The tradition continues...|publisher=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games Corporation|access-date=15 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211012817/http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=tradition|archive-date=11 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> An fara wannan gudun sandar ne a [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Cardiff, Wales, a matsayin Gudun Sandar Sarauniya. Har zuwa, ciki har da [[1994 Commonwealth Games]], gudun sandar yana wucewa ne kawai ta Ingila da ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Gudun sandar na [[1998 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, shi ne na farko da ya je wasu ƙasashen Commonwealth. Gudun Sandar Sarauniya na [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] da aka gudanar a Gold Coast, Ostareliya, shi ne mafi tsawo a tarihin Wasannin Commonwealth. Gudun ya kai kilomita 230,000 (mil 150,000) cikin kwanaki 388, inda sandar ta bi ta yankuna shida na Commonwealth, wato Afirka, Amurka, Caribbean, Turai, Asiya da Oceania. A karon farko, an gabatar da Sandar Sarauniya a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth yayin bugu na shida na wasannin a shekarar 2017, waɗanda aka gudanar a Nassau, Bahamas.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|title=Design and route for Gold Coast 2018 Queen's Baton Relay revealed|date=20 November 2016|access-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021619/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1043876/design-and-route-for-gold-coast-2018-queens-baton-relay-revealed|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Bukukuwan == === Buɗewa === [[File:Comm Games 2006 finale.JPG|thumb|Bikin buɗe [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] a [[Melbourne]]]] Bikin buɗe wasannin yawanci yana farawa ne da ɗaga tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin da kuma rera taken ƙasarta. Ana kuma ɗaga tutar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth, tutar ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya da kuma tutar ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba yayin bikin buɗewar. Daga nan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin tana gabatar da shirye-shiryen fasaha na kiɗa, waƙa, rawa da wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ke wakiltar al'adunta. Shirye-shiryen fasahar sun ƙaru wajen girma da kuma rikitarwa, yayin da ƙasashe daban-daban da suka karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ke ƙoƙarin shirya bikin da zai fi na wanda ya gabace shi jan hankali wajen tunawa. An ruwaito cewa bikin buɗe Wasannin Delhi ya kashe dala miliyan 70, inda aka kashe babban ɓangaren kuɗin wajen shirye-shiryen fasaha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|title=The CWG opening show reality: Rs 350 crore|work=[[The Times of India]] Blog|access-date=21 August 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707180834/http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/randomaccess/the-cwg-opening-show-reality-rs-350-crore/|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan ɓangaren shirye-shiryen fasaha na bikin, 'yan wasa suna shiga filin wasa cikin jerin ƙasashe. Ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin a baya ita ce a al'ada ƙasa ta farko da ke shiga. Daga nan ƙasashe suna shiga filin wasan bisa tsarin haruffan sunayensu ko kuma bisa nahiyoyi, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin su ne na ƙarshe da ke shiga. Ana gabatar da jawabai, sannan a buɗe wasannin a hukumance. A ƙarshe, ana shigar da [[Queen's Baton Relay|Sandar Sarki]] cikin filin wasa, sannan ana miƙa ta daga mutum zuwa mutum har sai ta isa ga ɗan wasan da aka zaɓa ya riƙe ta a ƙarshe, wanda galibi shahararren ɗan wasan Commonwealth ne daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin. Shi ne ke miƙa sandar ga [[Head of the Commonwealth|Shugaban Commonwealth]] ko wakilinsa. === Rufewa === [[File:Commonwealth Games closing ceremony picture.jpeg|thumb|Bikin rufe [[2010 Commonwealth Games]] a Delhi]] Ana gudanar da bikin rufe Wasannin Commonwealth bayan an kammala dukkan gasannin wasanni. Masu ɗauke da tutoci daga kowace ƙasa da ta shiga gasar suna shiga filin wasa, sannan 'yan wasa su biyo bayansu tare, ba tare da bambancin ƙasa ba. Shugaban kwamitin shirya wasannin da shugaban CGF suna gabatar da jawabansu na rufewa, sannan a rufe wasannin a hukumance. Shugaban CGF kuma yana magana game da yadda aka gudanar da wasannin. Magajin garin da ya shirya wasannin yana miƙa tutar CGF ga shugaban CGF, wanda daga nan yake miƙa ta ga magajin garin da zai karɓi baƙuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na gaba. Daga nan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin na gaba ita ma tana gabatar da taƙaitaccen shiri na rawa da wasan kwaikwayo da ke wakiltar al'adunta. Manyan masu fasaha da mawaƙa da dama sun yi wasanni a bukukuwan Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Constitution {{!}} Commonwealth Games Federation|website=CGF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|archive-date=13 July 2019}}</ref> A bikin rufe kowane Wasannin Commonwealth, shugaban CGF yana bayar da wata lambar yabo tare da gabatar da kofi ga wani ɗan wasa da ya nuna bajinta da kima ta musamman, ta fuskar yadda ya yi a wasanni da kuma gudummawar da ya bayar ga ƙungiyarsa. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Commonwealth ta kowace ƙasa ce ke zaɓar 'yan wasan da za a gabatar da sunayensu a ƙarshen ranar ƙarshe ta gasar, sannan kwamitin da ya ƙunshi shugaban CGF da wakilai daga yankuna shida na Commonwealth ya zaɓi wanda ya yi nasara. An ƙaddamar da '[[David Dixon Award]]', kamar yadda ake kiranta, a [[2002 Commonwealth Games|Manchester 2002]], bayan marigayi David Dixon, tsohon Babban Sakataren Girmamawa na [[Commonwealth Games Federation|CGF]], domin girmama babbar gudummawar da ya bayar ga wasannin Commonwealth tsawon shekaru.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Oath & Award|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827130116/http://thecgf.com/search/oath.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Gabatar da lambobin yabo === Ana gudanar da bikin bayar da lambar yabo bayan an kammala kowace gasa. Wanda ya yi nasara, wanda ya zo na biyu da wanda ya zo na uku, ko ƙungiyoyin da suka samu waɗannan matsayi, suna tsayawa a kan matakai uku domin a ba su lambobinsu. Bayan wani memba na CGF ya bayar da lambobin, ana ɗaga tutocin ƙasashen 'yan wasan da suka samu lambobin uku, yayin da ake rera [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na ƙasar wanda ya samu lambar zinariya. 'Yan ƙasar da suka yi aikin sa-kai daga ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin sukan kasance masu taimakawa wajen gudanar da bukukuwan bayar da lambobin, inda suke taimaka wa jami'an da ke gabatar da lambobin tare da ɗaukar tutoci. === Taken ƙasa === "[[God Save the King]]" taken hukuma ne ko [[national anthem|taken ƙasa]] na [[God Save the King#Use in other Commonwealth countries|ƙasashen Commonwealth da dama]] da kuma yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon wasu ƙasashe. Saboda haka, kuma saboda [[countries of the United Kingdom|ƙasashen da suka ƙunshi Birtaniya]] suna fafatawa daban-daban, an hana amfani da shi yayin bukukuwan hukuma, bukukuwan bayar da lambobin yabo ko kafin wasanni a gasar ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|title=11 Things You Didn't Know about National Anthems|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/www.birmingham2022.com/news/2724264/11-things-you-didn-t-know-about-national-anthems|access-date=7 August 2022|website=Commonwealth Games – Birmingham 2022}}{{Dead link|date=August 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan gyaran wannan ƙa'ida da aka yi kafin Wasannin 2010, an sauya wasu daga cikin taken ƙasashen da ake amfani da su, kuma a wasu lokuta sun bambanta da taken ƙasa ko taken hukuma na ƙasar da ake iya amfani da shi a yanzu: {|class="wikitable" |- !Ƙasa ! Taken da aka yi amfani da shi a Wasannin Commonwealth !Taken ƙasa/Taken hukuma |- |{{Flag|Anguilla}} |"[[God Bless Anguilla]]" |rowspan="4"|"[[God Save the King]]" |- |{{Flag|Bermuda}} |"[[Hail to Bermuda]]" |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |"[[Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands]]" |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} |"[[Beloved Isle Cayman]]" |- |{{Flag|England}} |"[[Land of Hope and Glory]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[And did those feet in ancient time#Use as a national anthem|Jerusalem]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite web|author=Sir Andrew Foster|url=http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|title=England announce victory anthem for Delhi chosen by the public! – Commonwealth Games England|publisher=Weare England|date=30 May 2010|access-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611162431/http://www.weareengland.org/news.asp?itemid=327&itemTitle=England+announce+victory+anthem+for+Delhi+chosen+by+the+public%21&section=115&sectionTitle=News|archive-date=11 June 2011 }}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |"[[Song of the Falklands]]" |rowspan="5"|"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Gibraltar}} |"[[Gibraltar Anthem]]" |- |{{Flag|Guernsey}} |"[[Sarnia Cherie]]" |- |{{Flag|Jersey}} |"[[Island Home (anthem)|Island Home]]" |- |{{Flag|Montserrat}} |"[[National Song (Montserrat)|Motherland]]" |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |"[[God Defend New Zealand]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz">{{Cite web|title=History of God Defend New Zealand {{!}} Ministry for Culture and Heritage|url=https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|access-date=7 August 2022|website=mch.govt.nz|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005054556/https://mch.govt.nz/mi/nz-identity-heritage/national-anthems/history-god-defend-new-zealand|url-status=dead }}</ref><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Niue}} |"[[Ko e Iki he Lagi|Ko e Iki he Lagi (Ya Ubangiji, Mai cikin sama, Mai jin ƙai)]]" |"God Defend New Zealand" (tun daga 1976)<ref name="mch.govt.nz"/><br />"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Norfolk Island}} |"[[Come Ye Blessed]]" |"[[Advance Australia Fair]]" |- |{{Flag|Northern Ireland}} |"[[Londonderry Air]]" |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Saint Helena}} |"[[My Saint Helena Island]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Scotland}} |"[[Scotland the Brave]]" (har zuwa 2010)<br />"[[Flower of Scotland]]" (tun daga 2010)<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2010|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8449939.stm|access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> |''Babu''; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |- |{{Flag|Turks and Caicos Islands}} |"[[This Land of Ours]]" |"God Save the King" |- |{{Flag|Wales}} |"[[Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau|Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau (Ƙasar Kakannina)]]" |Babu; "God Save the King" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Birtaniya |} ==Jerin Wasannin Commonwealth== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{location map+|North America |float = left |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Kanada da yankin Caribbean) |places = {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=43.247362|long=-79.864457|label='''1930'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=left|lat=49.283820|long=-123.122547|label='''1954'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=18.016625|long=-76.800674|label='''1966'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=right|lat=53.544127|long=-113.491225|label='''1978'''}} {{Location map~|North America|position=bottom|lat=48.427598|long=-123.366658|label='''1994'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|United Kingdom |float = center |width = 250 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Birtaniya) |places = {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.507222|long=-0.1275|label='''1934'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=51.481667|long=-3.179167|label='''1958'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=55.953333|long=-3.189167|label='''1970''', '''1986'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=53.479444|long=-2.245278|label='''2002'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=left|lat=55.861111|long=-4.25|label='''2014''', '''2026'''}} {{Location map~|United Kingdom|position=right|lat=52.4862|long=-1.8904|label='''2022'''}} }} {{col-break}} {{location map+|Oceania |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Ostiraliya, New Zealand da Oceania) |places = {{Location map~|Oceania|position=left|lat=-33.859972|long=151.209444|label='''1938'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-36.857312|long=174.760972|label='''1950, 1990'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-31.950604|long=115.860778|label='''1962'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-43.734701|long=172.623768|label='''1974'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=top|lat=-27.473660|long=153.026010|label='''1982'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=bottom|lat=-37.812836|long=144.963056|label='''2006'''}} {{Location map~|Oceania|position=right|lat=-28.014611|long=153.402151|label='''2018'''}} }} {{location map+|Asia |float = right |width = 300 |caption = Garuruwan da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth <br />(Asiya) |places = {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=28.594864|long=77.222577|label='''2010'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=top|lat=3.147778|long=101.695278|label='''1998'''}} {{Location map~|Asia|position=left|lat=23.0225|long=72.571389|label='''''2030'''''}} }} {{col-break}} {{col-end}} {|class="wikitable sortable" width= align="center" style="font-size: 85%; |+Bayanin Wasannin Commonwealth ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Shekara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Bugu ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Garin da ya karɓi bakunci ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar mai masaukin baki ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wanda ya buɗe ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Wasanni ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Gasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyoyi ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar farawa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ranar ƙarewa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|'Yan wasa ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara ! rowspan=1 style="background:#2874A6; color:white;"|Manazarta |- |align=center|1930 |align="center"|{{sort|01|[[1930 British Empire Games|I]]}} |align=left|[[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada|1921}} |[[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Viscount Willingdon]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|59||align="center"|11 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 August 1930}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 August 1930}}||align="center"|400 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align="center"|1934 |align="center"|{{sort|02|[[1934 British Empire Games|II]]}} |align="left"|[[London]] |align="left"|{{flag|England}} |[[George V|King George V]] |align="center"|6||align="center"|68||align="center"|16 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1934}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 August 1934}}||align="center"|500 |- |align="center"|1938 |align="center"|{{sort|03|[[1938 British Empire Games|III]]}} |align="left"|[[Sydney]] |align="left"|{{flag|Australia}} |[[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst|Lord Wakehurst]] |align="center"|7||align="center"|71||align="center"|15 |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|5 February 1938}} |align="center"|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 February 1938}}||align="center"|464 |align="left"|{{AUS}} |- |align="center"|1942 |align="center"|– |align="left"|[[Montreal]] |align="left"|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |colspan="9" rowspan="2" align="center"|''An soke saboda [[World War II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]<ref name="The Commonwealth Games 2017">The Complete Book of The Commonwealth Games (Gold Coast Edition) by Graham Groom (2017)</ref>'' |- |align="center"|1946 |align=center|– |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1807}} |- |align=center|1950 |align="center"|{{sort|04|[[1950 British Empire Games|IV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flag|New Zealand}} |[[Bernard Freyberg|Sir Bernard Freyberg]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|88||align="center"|12 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 February 1950}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 February 1950}}||align="center"|590 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1954 |align="center"|{{sort|05|[[1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|V]]}} |align=left|[[Vancouver]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada|1921}} |[[Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis|Earl Alexander of Tunis]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|91||align="center"|24 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 July 1954}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|7 August 1954}}||align="center"|662 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1958 |align="center"|{{sort|06|[[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VI]]}} |align=left|[[Cardiff]] |align=left|{{flag|Wales|1953}} |rowspan="5"|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|9||align="center"|94||align="center"|36 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 July 1958}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 July 1958}}||align="center"|1,122 |- |align=center|1962 |align="center"|{{sort|07|[[1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Perth]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|104||align="center"|35 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|22 November 1962}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|1 December 1962}}||align="center"|863 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1966 |align="center"|{{sort|08|[[1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |align=left|{{flag|Jamaica}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|110||align="center"|34 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 1966}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|13 August 1966}}||align="center"|1,050 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1970 |align="center"|{{sort|09|[[1970 British Commonwealth Games|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|42 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|16 July 1970}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 1970}}||align="center"|1,383 | rowspan="2" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1974 |align="center"|{{sort|10|[[1974 British Commonwealth Games|X]]}} |align=left|[[Christchurch]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |align="center"|9||align="center"|121||align="center"|38 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1974}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 February 1974}}||align="center"|1,276 |- |align=center|1978 |align="center"|{{sort|11|[[1978 Commonwealth Games|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Edmonton]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|128||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 1978}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|12 August 1978}}||align="center"|1,474 |align=left|{{CAN}} |- |align=center|1982 |align="center"|{{sort|12|[[1982 Commonwealth Games|XII]]}} |align=left|[[Brisbane]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|142||align="center"|46 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|30 September 1982}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|9 October 1982}}||align="center"|1,583 |align=left|{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1986 |align="center"|{{sort|13|[[1986 Commonwealth Games|XIII]]}} |align=left|[[Edinburgh]] |align=left|{{flag|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|163||align="center"|26 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 July 1986}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August 1986}}||align="center"|1,662 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|1990 |align="center"|{{sort|14|[[1990 Commonwealth Games|XIV]]}} |align=left|[[Auckland]] |align=left|{{flagu|New Zealand}} |[[Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Edward]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|204||align="center"|55 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|24 January 1990}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 February 1990}}||align="center"|2,073 | rowspan="6" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|1994 |align="center"|{{sort|15|[[1994 Commonwealth Games|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]] |align=left|{{flagu|Canada}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|10||align="center"|217||align="center"|63 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|18 August 1994}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 August 1994}}||align="center"|2,557 |- |align=center|1998 |align="center"|{{sort|16|[[1998 Commonwealth Games|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Kuala Lumpur]] |align=left|{{flag|Malaysia}} |[[Ja'afar of Negeri Sembilan|Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar]] |align="center"|15||align="center"|213||align="center"|70 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|11 September 1998}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|21 September 1998}}||align="center"|3,633 |- |align=center|2002 |align="center"|{{sort|17|[[2002 Commonwealth Games|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Manchester]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |rowspan="2"|[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|281||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|25 July 2002}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 August 2002}}||align="center"|3,679 |- |align=center|2006 |align="center"|{{sort|18|[[2006 Commonwealth Games|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align="center"|17||align="center"|245||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 March 2006}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|26 March 2006}}||align="center"|4,049 |- |align=center|2010 |align="center"|{{sort|19|[[2010 Commonwealth Games|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Delhi]] |align=left|{{flag|India}} |[[Pratibha Patil|President Pratibha Patil]] da<br />[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|17||align="center"|272||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 October 2010}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|14 October 2010}}||align="center"|4,352 |- |align=center|2014 |align="center"|{{sort|20|[[2014 Commonwealth Games|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |[[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|261||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2014}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|3 August 2014}}||align="center"|4,947 |align=left|{{ENG}} |- |align=center|2018 |align="center"|{{sort|21|[[2018 Commonwealth Games|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] |align=left|{{flagu|Australia}} |align=left rowspan="2"|[[Charles III|Charles, Yariman Wales]] |align="center"|18||align="center"|275||align="center"|71 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|4 April 2018}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|15 April 2018}}||align="center"|4,426 | rowspan="3" align="left" |{{AUS}} |- |align=center|2022 |align="center"|{{sort|22|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Birmingham]] |align=left|{{flagu|England}} |align="center"|'''20'''||align="center"|'''283'''||align="center"|72 |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|28 July 2022}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|8 August 2022}}||align="center"|'''5,054''' |- |align=center|2026 |align="center"|{{sort|23|[[2026 Commonwealth Games|XXIII]]}} |align="left"|[[Glasgow]] |align=left|{{flagu|Scotland}} |align="align=left"|[[Charles III|Sarki Charles III]] |align="center"|10 |align="center"|215 |align="center"|'''74''' |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|23 July 2026}} |align=center|{{Date table sorting|format=dm|2 August}} |align=center|~3,000 |- |align=center|2030 |align=center|[[2030 Commonwealth Games|XXIV]] |align=left|[[Ahmedabad]] |align=left|{{flagu|India}} | colspan="8" |{{Center|Ba a yanke ba}} |} == Teburin lambobin yabo == <small>'''*Lura: Ƙasashen da aka rubuta da ''haruffa masu karkata'' ba sa shiga Wasannin Commonwealth a yanzu.'''</small> :''An sabunta bayan [[2026 Commonwealth Games]]''<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/commonwealth-games-all-time-medal-table-after-birmingham-2022 | title=Commonwealth Games: All-time medal table, after Birmingham 2022 | website=www.olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/#/www.glasgow2026.com/results/detailed/|title=Glasgow 2026|website=Glasgow 2026}}</ref>, {{Medals table | caption = | host = | flag_template = flagCGF | event = | team = CGA | gold_AUS = 1071 | silver_AUS = 879 | bronze_AUS = 823 | gold_ENG = 802 | silver_ENG = 828 | bronze_ENG = 802 | gold_CAN = 529 | silver_CAN = 568 | bronze_CAN = 612 | gold_IND = 215 | silver_IND = 207 | bronze_IND = 180 | gold_NZL = 189 | silver_NZL = 246 | bronze_NZL = 308 | gold_SCO = 145 | silver_SCO = 152 | bronze_SCO = 244 | gold_RSA = 144 | silver_RSA = 143 | bronze_RSA = 157 | gold_KEN = 94 | silver_KEN = 84 | bronze_KEN = 92 | gold_NGR = 92 | silver_NGR = 91 | bronze_NGR = 112 | gold_WAL = 84 | silver_WAL = 114 | bronze_WAL = 167 | gold_MAS = 74| silver_MAS = 76| bronze_MAS = 94 | gold_JAM = 75| silver_JAM = 57| bronze_JAM = 63 | gold_NIR = 40 | silver_NIR = 50 | bronze_NIR = 68 | gold_SGP = 40 | silver_SGP = 33 | bronze_SGP = 36 | gold_PAK = 27 | silver_PAK = 27 | bronze_PAK = 29 | gold_CYP = 26 | silver_CYP = 21 | bronze_CYP = 29 | gold_UGA = 19 | silver_UGA = 18 | bronze_UGA = 26 | gold_GHA = 15 | silver_GHA = 21 | bronze_GHA = 29 | note_GHA = {{ref|a|[a]}} | gold_TRI = 13 | silver_TRI = 26 | bronze_TRI = 30 | gold_BAH = 12 | silver_BAH = 14 | bronze_BAH = 14 | gold_CMR = 12 | silver_CMR = 13 | bronze_CMR = 20 | gold_NRU = 10 | silver_NRU = 11 | bronze_NRU = 12 | gold_SAM = 7 | silver_SAM = 13 | bronze_SAM = 11 | gold_ZIM = 6 | silver_ZIM = 9 | bronze_ZIM = 14 | name_ZIM = ''{{flagCGF|ZIM}}'' | note_ZIM = {{ref|b|[b]}} | gold_TAN = 6 | silver_TAN = 7 | bronze_TAN = 11 | gold_ZAM = 5 | silver_ZAM = 13 | bronze_ZAM = 26 | note_ZAM = {{ref|c|[c]}} | gold_SRI = 5 | silver_SRI = 10 | bronze_SRI = 11 | note_SRI = {{ref|d|[d]}} | gold_PNG = 5 | silver_PNG = 8 | bronze_PNG = 3 | gold_FIJ = 5 | silver_FIJ = 7 | bronze_FIJ = 13 | gold_BOT = 5 | silver_BOT = 6 | bronze_BOT = 8 | gold_NAM = 5 | silver_NAM = 5 | bronze_NAM = 17 | gold_HKG = 5 | silver_HKG = 2 | bronze_HKG = 10 | name_HKG = ''{{flagCGF|HKG}}'' | gold_GUY = 4 | silver_GUY = 6 | bronze_GUY = 6 | note_GUY = {{ref|e|[e]}} | gold_IOM = 4 | silver_IOM = 3 | bronze_IOM = 7 | gold_GRN = 4 | silver_GRN = 2 | bronze_GRN = 2 | gold_BAR = 3 | silver_BAR = 5 | bronze_BAR = 8 | gold_BER = 3 | silver_BER = 2 | bronze_BER = 4 | gold_IVB = 3 | silver_IVB = 0 | bronze_IVB = 0 | gold_MRI = 2 | silver_MRI = 11 | bronze_MRI = 9 | gold_BAN = 2 | silver_BAN = 4 | bronze_BAN = 2 | gold_MOZ = 2 | silver_MOZ = 4 | bronze_MOZ = 3 | gold_JER = 2 | silver_JER = 1 | bronze_JER = 3 | gold_SVG = 2 | silver_SVG = 0 | bronze_SVG = 1 | gold_GUE = 1 | silver_GUE = 5 | bronze_GUE = 3 | gold_DMA = 1 | silver_DMA = 2 | bronze_DMA = 1 | gold_LES = 1 | silver_LES = 1 | bronze_LES = 3 | gold_LCA = 1 | silver_LCA = 1 | bronze_LCA = 3 | gold_CAY = 1 | silver_CAY = 0 | bronze_CAY = 1 | gold_KIR = 1 | silver_KIR = 0 | bronze_KIR = 0 | gold_SKN = 1 | silver_SKN = 0 | bronze_SKN = 0 | gold_SEY = 0 | silver_SEY = 3 | bronze_SEY = 4 | gold_FRN = 0 | silver_FRN = 2 | bronze_FRN = 5 | name_FRN = ''{{flagCGF|FRN}}'' | gold_MLT = 0 | silver_MLT = 1 | bronze_MLT = 7 | gold_SWZ = 0 | silver_SWZ = 1 | bronze_SWZ = 3 |note_SWZ = {{ref|f|[f]}} | gold_GAM = 0 | silver_GAM = 1 | bronze_GAM = 2 | gold_IRE = 0 | silver_IRE = 1 | bronze_IRE = 0 | name_IRE = ''{{flagCGF|IRE}}'' | gold_TON = 0 | silver_TON = 0 | bronze_TON = 4 | gold_MAW = 0 | silver_MAW = 0 | bronze_MAW = 3 | gold_NFI = 0 | silver_NFI = 0 | bronze_NFI = 3 | gold_VAN = 0 | silver_VAN = 0 | bronze_VAN = 3 | gold_COK = 0 | silver_COK = 0 | bronze_COK = 1 | gold_NIU = 0 | silver_NIU = 0 | bronze_NIU = 1 | gold_SOL = 0 | silver_SOL = 0 | bronze_SOL = 1 | gold_GAB = 0 | silver_GAB = 0 | bronze_GAB = 1 | gold_RWA = 0 | silver_RWA = 0 | bronze_RWA = 1 | gold_TUV = 0 | silver_TUV = 0 | bronze_TUV = 1 }} *<small>{{note|a|[a]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Ghana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|GCO}}</small> *<small>{{note|b|[b]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zimbabwe]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|SRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|c|[c]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Zambia]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|NRH}}</small> *<small>{{note|d|[d]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Sri Lanka]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|CEY}}</small> *<small>{{note|e|[e]}} Jimillar lambobin yabo na [[Guyana]] sun haɗa da duk lambobin yabo da aka samu a matsayin {{flagCGF|BGU}}</small> *<small>{{note|f|[f]}} Swaziland ta sauya sunanta zuwa [[Eswatini]]</small> ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Commonwealth Games Federation symbol (2019- Till Date).svg|30px]] '''Teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth [[All-time Commonwealth Games medal table|a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1930 Commonwealth Games|1930]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1934 Commonwealth Games|1934]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1938 Commonwealth Games|1938]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1950 Commonwealth Games|1950]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1954 Commonwealth Games|1954]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1958 Commonwealth Games|1958]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1962 Commonwealth Games|1962]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1974 Commonwealth Games|1974]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1978 Commonwealth Games|1978]]: {{flag|Canada}} * [[1982 Commonwealth Games|1982]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]]: {{flag|England}} * [[1990 Commonwealth Games|1990]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1994 Commonwealth Games|1994]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[1998 Commonwealth Games|1998]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2002 Commonwealth Games|2002]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2006 Commonwealth Games medal table|2006]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2010 Commonwealth Games medal table|2010]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2014 Commonwealth Games medal table|2014]]: {{flag|England}} * [[2018 Commonwealth Games medal table|2018]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2022 Commonwealth Games medal table|2022]]: {{flag|Australia}} * [[2026 Commonwealth Games medal table|2026]]: {{flag|Australia}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} == Wasannin Commonwealth == Sabanin sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni, Wasannin Commonwealth suna da tsarin wasanni mai sassauci wanda ke mutunta ababen more rayuwa da bukatun birnin da ya karbi bakuncin. Hakanan ana bayyana wannan a cikin kwanakin gudanarwa, wadanda za su iya bambanta bisa ga yanayin sararin samaniya na kowane birni mai karbar bakunci. Saboda haka, tsarin kowane gudanarwa ya bambanta. Tsakanin 1930 da 1994, wasannin mutum daya kawai ne suka kasance bangaren tsarin kuma sai a shekara ta 1998 aka ba da izinin kara wasannin kungiya. Ya zama ruwan dare ga kowane gudanarwa tun daga lokacin don samun jerin wasanni na tilas guda bakwai zuwa goma wadanda dole ne a buga su a wannan gudanarwa kuma dole ne a amince da su shekaru 4 a gaba. Don haka, karancin adadin wasanni a kowane gudanarwa shi ne 10 kuma mafi yawa shi ne 17. Duk da haka, bukatun gida na iya kara adadin wasannin da ake gwada sa'a a kansu. Mafi shahararru sun hada da kokawa ta 'yanci a Delhi 2010 da wasan kwalallon raga na rairayi a Gold Coast 2018. Za kuma a iya yin wasu kebantattun kebance-kebance, kamar wanda aka yi a gudanarwa ta karshe da aka yi a Birmingham, Ingila, inda aka kara sauran wasanni 3 na daban a cikin tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|title=Commonwealth Games Charter|website=thecgf.com|language=en|access-date=3 September 2020|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Dokokin na yanzu kuma suna kayyade daidaiton jinsi, inda maza da mata ke samun daidaiton rabon gudanarwar wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|title=Level playing field for women at 2018 Commonwealth Games|date=7 October 2016|newspaper=The Scotsman|access-date=7 October 2016|location=Edinburgh, Scotland|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009205111/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-in-sport/level-playing-field-for-women-at-2018-commonwealth-games-1-4251310|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|title=Gold Coast 2018 to offer same amount of medals for men and women after seven events added|last1=McKay|first1=Duncan|date=7 October 2016|website=Insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=7 October 2016|archive-date=8 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034918/http://www.insidethegames.biz/index.php/articles/1042362/gold-coast-2018-to-offer-same-amount-of-medals-for-men-and-women-after-seven-events-added|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan doka ba a aiwatar da ita ba ta musamman ga Wasannin 2026, yayin da Glasgow ta karbi bakunci a matsayin gaggawa. Sakamakon haka, tsarin zai kunshi wasanni 10 kawai—mafi karancin adadi tun daga Wasannin 1994:<ref name="BBCSportsOct24">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o|title=Sports announced for Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games |first1=Megan |last1=Bonar |first2=Jonathan |last2=Geddes |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117144915/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3yv91595o |archive-date=17 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Akwai jimillar wasanni 23 (tare da wasannin fannoni daban-daban guda uku) da Wasannin Para guda goma wadanda Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta amince da su. {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Harbin Kibiya |Muhu |1982, 2010 |- |Wasannin Motsa Jiki (Athletics) |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para Athletics |Muhu |1994, 2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead>{{cite web|url =https://www.thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|title = Elite Athletes with a Disability (EAD)|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223559/https://thecgf.com/sports/ead.asp|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |- |Badminton |Na Zabi |1966–2022 |- |Kwallon Kwando | |2006, 2018 |- |Kwallon Kwando 3x3 |Na Zabi |2022–yanzu |- |Damben Boksin |Na Zabi |1930–yanzu |- |Kurriket |Na Zabi |1998, 2022 |- |Keken Tsauni (Mountain Bike) |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports>{{cite web|url = https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|title = Sports Programme|website = Commonwealth Sports|publisher = Commonwealth Games Federation|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223656/https://www.thecgf.com/sports/|archive-date = 28 February 2018}}</ref> |2002–2006, 2014–yanzu |- |Keke na Para Track |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |2014–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Hanyar Mota |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1938–yanzu |- |Tukin Keke na Filin Wasa |Na Zabi<ref name = cgfsports/> |1934–yanzu |- |Ninkaya ta Tsalle (Diving) |Na Zabi |1930–2022 |- |Hoki |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Jimnastik ta Fasaha |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–yanzu |- |Jimnastik ta Rhythmic |Na Zabi |1978, 1990–1998, 2006–yanzu |- |Judo |Na Zabi |1990, 2002, 2014 (Na Zabi), 2022-yanzu |- |Lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1930–1962, 1970–yanzu |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Para lawn bowls |Na Zabi |1994, 2002, 2014–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Netball (Mata) |Na Zabi |1998–yanzu |- |Daukar Nauyi ta Powerlifting |Na Zabi |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Rugby sevens |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Harbin Bindiga |Na Zabi |1966, 1974–2018 |- |Squash |Na Zabi |1998–2022 |- |Ninkaya |Muhu |1930–yanzu |- |Para ninkaya |Muhu |2002–yanzu<ref name = cgfead/> |- |Kwallon Tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Para kwallon tebur |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2022 |- |Triathlon |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |2002–2006, 2014–2022 |- |Kwallon Raga (Rairayi) |Na Zabi |2018–2022 |- |Daukar Nauyi (Weightlifting) |Na Zabi |1950–yanzu |- |Kokawa ('Yanci) |Na Zabi<ref name="cgfsports" /> |1930–1986, 1994, 2002, 2010–2022 |} |} A shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yarda da manyan take-take a tsarin wanda ya kara adadin muhimman wasanni, yayin da aka cire wasu na zabi, wadanda aka cire an jera su a kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|title=Commonwealth Games transformed to attract aspiring cities|date=2 April 2015|last=Avison|first=Ben|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228223534/http://www.hostcity.com/news/event-bidding/commonwealth-games-transformed-attract-aspiring-cities|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa (Canoeing) |Na Zabi |Taba<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|title=Canoeing closer to being a full-medal event|publisher=Commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com|date=11 June 2010|access-date=26 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125164430/http://commonwealthdelhi2010.blogspot.com/2010/06/canoeing-closer-to-being-full-medal.html|archive-date=25 November 2010|url-status=live }}</ref> |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Bunkasa (Rowing) |Na Zabi |1930, 1938–1962, 1986 |- |Tukin Jirgin Ruwa na Katako (Sailing) |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Softball |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Ninkaya ta Tare (Synchronised swimming) |Na Zabi |Muhu tsakanin 1986 da 2006 |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Taekwondo |Na Zabi |Taba |- |Wasan Tenis |Na Zabi |2010 |- |Ten-pin bowling |Na Zabi |1998 |- |Kokawa (Greco-Roman) |Na Zabi |2010 |} |} Wasanni irin su wadannan wasanni ne da Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth ta yi nazari a kansu amma wadanda ake ganin suna bukatar fadada su a fannoni kamar matakan shiga tsakani a cikin Commonwealth ko a matakin kasa (Tarayyar Kasa da Kasa) da matakin wasannin motsa jiki na tushe, Fannin Kasuwanci, Haqqoqin Gidan Tabiijin, Daidaito, da Kudade Karbar Bakunci, bisa ga Doka ta 6 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Wasannin Commonwealth;<ref name="CGFConstitutionRegulation6">[https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713120807/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2018-03/constitution.pdf|date=13 July 2019}}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 27 July 2022.</ref> kasashe masu karbar bakunci ba za su iya zabar wadannan wasannin don tsarin su ba har sai an cika bukatun Hukumar.<ref name=Sports>[http://www.thecgf.com/sports/ Sports Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502101439/http://www.thecgf.com/sports/|date=2 May 2013 }}. Commonwealth Games Federation. Retrieved 4 June 2016.</ref> {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Billiards |An Amince |Taba |- |Wasan Takobi (Fencing) |An Amince |1950–1970 |- |Kwallon Kafa |An Amince |Taba |- |Golf |An Amince |2026 |- |Handball |An Amince |Taba |- |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Wasan !Nau'i !Shekaru |- |Ceto Rai (Life saving) |An Amince |Taba |- |Rugby league |An Amince |Taba |- |Kwallon Raga (Cikin gida) |An Amince |Taba |- |Water Polo |An Amince |1950 |- |} |} == Kasashen da ke halarta == Kungiyoyi guda shida kacal ne suka halarci kowane gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth: Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila, New Zealand, Scotland, da Wales. Ostiraliya ita ce kungiyar da ta fi samun maki mafi tsayi a wasanni guda goma sha uku, Ingila guda bakwai, Kanada kuma guda daya. [[File:Commonwealth Games years participants.PNG|upright=2.75|thumb|alt=Wuraren da aka gudanar da wasannin, da kasashen da suka halarta| {{legend2|#9966cc|Kasashen da suka karbi bakunci, ko ke shirin karbar bakuncin lamarin|border=solid 1px#AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#d45c4c|Sauran kasashen da ke shiga wasannin|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{legend2|#54e464|Kasashen da suka taba shiga wasannin amma a yanzu ba sa yi|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}<br /> {{0}}'''•'''<span style="margin:0; font-size:90%;">{{0}} Biranen da suka karbi bakunci da shekarar gudanar da wasannin</span>|center]] {{Cleanup section|date=June 2025|reason=Kasancewar teburin a rushe kyakkyawan tunani ne, amma yana bukatar gyara daga wanda ya fahimci tsarin.}} {|class="wikitable collapsible collapsed plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; margin:1em auto;" |- ! colspan=24|Teburin Halartar Kungiyoyi ta Banbancin Gudanarwar Wasannin Commonwealth |- ! rowspan="6" style="background:#cedaf2;"|Kungiya !Gudanarwa |I |II |III |IV |V |VI |VII |VIII |IX |X |XI |XII |XIII |XIV |XV |XVI |XVII |XVIII |XIX |XX |XXI |XXII |- ! Shekara |1930 |1934 |1938 |1950 |1954 |1958 |1962 |1966 |1970 |1974 |1978 |1982 |1986 |1990 |1994 |1998 |2002 |2006 |2010 |2014 |2018 2022 ! Tutar Mai Masaukin Baki {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon {{flagicon - ! Birnin mai masaukin baki Hamilton, Ontario London Sydney Auckland Vancouver Cardiff Perth Kingston, Jamaica Edinburgh Christchurch Edmonton Brisbane Edinburgh Auckland Victoria, British Columbia Kuala Lumpur Manchester Melbourne Delhi Glasgow Gold Coast, Queensland Birmingham - ! Halartar \ Kasa mai masaukin baki Kanada Ingila Ostiraliya New Zealand Kanada Wales Ostiraliya Jamaica Scotland New Zealand Kanada Ostiraliya Scotland New Zealand Kanada Malaysia Ingila Ostiraliya Indiya Scotland Ostiraliya Ingila - ! colspan=23 - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - 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align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:pink;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:lightgreen;" - align=left style="background:lightgreen;" style="background:light" |} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:1em auto;" |- |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{flag|Aden}}{{efn|name=n1|Aden daga baya ta koma Larabawa ta Kudu a shekara ta 1963 kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 1967.}}||1962 |- |{{AIA}}{{efn|name=n2|Anguilla ta ware gabataki daya daga Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla a shekara ta 1980 kuma sauran Saint Kitts da Nevis suka samu yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1983.}}||1998– |- |{{ANZ}}||1911 |- |{{ATG}}||1966–1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{AUS}}||1930– |- |{{BHS}}||1954–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{BGD}}||1978, 1990– |- |{{BRB}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BLZ}}{{efn|name=n4|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Honduras suna zuwa Belize a shekara ta 1973.}}||1978, 1994– |- |{{BMU}}||1930–1938, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{BWA}}||1974, 1982– |- |{{flag|British Guiana}}{{efn|name=n3|An sauya wa Birtaniyar Guiana suna zuwa Guyana a shekara ta 1966.}}||1930–1938, 1954–1962 |- |{{flag|British Honduras}}{{efn|name=n4}}||1962–1966 |- |{{VGB}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Brunei Darussalam}}||1990– |- |{{CMR}}||1998– |- |{{CAN}}||1911, 1930– |- |{{CYM}}||1978– |- |{{flag|Ceylon}}{{efn|name=n5|An sauya wa Ceylon suna zuwa Sri Lanka a shekara ta 1972.}}||1938–1950, 1958–1970 |- |{{COK}}||1974–1978, 1986– |- |{{CYP}}||1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{DMA}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1994– |- |{{ENG}}||1930– |- |{{SWZ}}||2022– |- |{{FLK}}||1982– |- |{{FJI}}{{efn|name=n6|An sake dakatar da Fiji daga Commonwealth da Wasannin 2010 a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10594683">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|title=Fiji suspended from Commonwealth|date=2 September 2009|work=The New Zealand Herald|access-date=25 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214100247/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10594683|archive-date=14 February 2012|url-status=live }}</ref> An janye dakatarwar da aka yi wa Fiji daga Commonwealth a kan lokaci gabanin Wasannin 2014 biyo bayan zaben dimokuradiyya a watan Maris na 2014.}}||1938, 1954–1986, 1998–2006, 2014– |- |{{GAB}}||2026– |- |{{GMB}}{{efn|name=n7|Gambia ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2013, amma ta sake komawa a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2018; an sake karbar Gambia zuwa Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth a watan Maris na 2018.}}||1970–1982, 1990–2010, 2018– |- |{{GHA}}{{efn|name=n8|An sauya wa Gold Coast (kasa mai mulkin mallaka ta Birtaniya) suna zuwa Ghana a shekara ta 1957.}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{GIB}}||1958– |- |{{flag|Gold Coast}}{{efn|name=n8}}||1954 |- |{{GRD}}||1970–1982, 1998– |- |{{GGY}}{{efn|name=n9|Har da Tsibirai na makwabtaka.}}||1970– |- |{{GUY}}{{efn|name=n3}}||1966–1970, 1978–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|British Hong Kong|1959|name=Hong Kong}}{{efn|name=n10|Hong Kong ba ta taba zamowa mamban Commonwealth ba amma ta kasance yanki na wata kasa ta Commonwealth; ta daina kasancewa a Commonwealth lokacin da aka mika yankin zuwa China a shekara ta 1997.}}||1934, 1954–1962, 1970–1994 |- |{{IND}}||1934–1938, 1954–1958, 1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{flagdeco|Leinster}} Ireland{{efn|name=n11|An wakilci Ireland a matsayin kungiya guda daga tsibirin baki daya a shekara ta 1930, kuma ta kungiyoyi biyu, wadanda ke wakiltar Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci, da Ireland ta Arewa a shekara ta 1934. An sauya wa Jamhuriyar Ireland Mai 'Yanci suna a hukumance zuwa Éire a shekara ta 1937 amma ba ta halarci Wasannin 1938 ba, kuma ta fice daga Commonwealth lokacin da ta ayyana kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Ireland a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1949.}}{{efn|name=n12|Kayan hotuna na wancan lokacin suna nuna Tutar Kore da aka yi amfani da ita ga kungiyar Ireland.}}||1930 |- |{{flag|Irish Free State}}{{efn|name=n11}}||1934 |- |{{IMN}}||1958– |- |{{JAM}}||1934, 1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{JEY}}{{efn|name=n9}}||1958– |- |{{KEN}}||1954–1982, 1990– |- |{{KIR}}||1998– |- |{{LSO}}||1974– |- |{{MWI}}||1970– |- |{{flag|Malaya}}{{efn|name=n13|Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak da Singapore sun haɗu a matsayin Malaysia a shekara ta 1963. An kori Singapore daga tarayyar a shekara ta 1965, ta zama kasa mai 'yancin kanta.}}||1950, 1958–1962 |- |{{MYS}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{MDV}}{{efn|name=n14|Maldives ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackay|first=Duncan|date=14 October 2016|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|title=Maldives set to miss Gold Coast 2018 after resigning from Commonwealth|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=Dunsar Media|access-date=16 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017014931/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042634/maldives-set-to-miss-gold-coast-2018-after-resigning-from-commonwealth|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> amma an sake karberta a shekara ta 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1097892/maldives-commonwealth-games-rejoined|title=Maldives readmitted as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|last=Palmer|first=Dan|date=31 August 2020|website=insidethegames.biz|publisher=|access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|title=Maldives re-joins as member of Commonwealth Games Federation|website=thecgf.com|publisher=Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF)|access-date=13 April 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413112835/https://thecgf.com/news/maldives-re-joins-member-commonwealth-games-federation|url-status=dead }}</ref>}}||1986–2014, 2022– |- |{{MLT}}||1958–1962, 1970, 1982– |} |valign="top"| {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Kasashe||Shekarun halarta |- |{{MUS}}||1958–1982, 1990– |- |{{MSR}}||1994– |- |{{MOZ}}||1998– |- |{{NAM}}||1994– |- |{{NRU}}||1990– |- |{{flag|Newfoundland}}{{efn|name=n15|Newfoundland ta koma karkashin Kanada a shekara ta 1949.<ref>{{cite web|title=Terms of Union|url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|website=Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador|access-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601201348/https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/terms-of-union-1949.php|archive-date=1 June 2019|url-status=live }}</ref>}}||1930–1934 |- |{{NZL}}||1930– |- |{{NGA}}||1950–1958, 1966–1974, 1982, 1990–1994, 2002– |- |{{NIU}}||2002– |- |{{NFK}}||1986–<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|title=Norfolk Island|website=Gold Coast 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games|access-date=16 July 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205144938/https://gc2018.com/country/norfolk-island|archive-date=5 February 2021 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Borneo (1948–1963).svg}} North Borneo{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{NIR}}{{efn|name=n11}}{{efn|name=n16|Ulster Banner ta kasance tutar tsohuwar Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa ne kawai tsakanin shekarun 1953 da 1972, amma ana daukar tutar a matsayin tutar Ireland ta Arewa tun daga shekara ta 1924 tsakanin 'yan kungiyar haɗin kai da 'yan amincin Ulster. Ulster Banner ita ce tutar wasanni ta Ireland ta Arewa a sauran abubuwan da suka shafi wasanni kamar Kofin Duniya na FIFA da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Wasan Raga na FIVB.}}||1934–1938, 1954– |- |{{flag|Northern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18|Rhodesia ta Kudu da Rhodesia ta Arewa sun yi gasa daban-daban a shekarun 1954 da 1958 yayin da dukansu biyu ke zaman bangare na Tarayyar Rhodesia da Nyasaland.}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1954–1958 |- |{{PAK}}||1954–1970, 1990– |- |{{PNG}}||1962–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1962 |- |{{RWA}}||2010– |- |{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1978 |- |{{flag|Saint Helena}}{{efn|name=n19|A karkashin sunan "Saint Helena" a Wasannin Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Commonwealth Countries|access-date=10 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502063259/http://www.thecgf.com/countries/country_index.asp|archive-date=2 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun kasance yankunan da ke karkashin Saint Helena, saboda haka ana kiran yankin a hukumance "Saint Helena da Yankunanta" har zuwa shekara ta 2009. Saint Helena, Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha sun zama madaidaitan sassa na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha a shekara ta 2009.}}||1982, 1998– |- |{{SKN}}{{efn|name=n2}}||1990– |- |{{LCA}}||1962, 1970, 1978, 1994– |- |{{VCT}}||1958, 1966–1978, 1994– |- |{{SAM}}{{efn|name=n20}}||1998– |- |{{flagicon|Crown Colony of Sarawak}} Sarawak{{efn|name=n13}}||1958–1962 |- |{{SCO}}||1930– |- |{{SYC}}||1990– |- |{{SLE}}||1958, 1966–1970, 1978, 1990– |- |{{SGP}}{{efn|name=n13}}||1958– |- |{{SLB}}||1982, 1990– |- |{{ZAF}}||1911–1958, 1994– |- |{{flag|South Arabia}}{{efn|name=n1}}||1966 |- |{{flag|Southern Rhodesia}}{{efn|name=n18}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1934–1958 |- |{{LKA}}||1974–1982, 1990– |- |{{flag|Swaziland}}{{efn|name=n24}}||1970–2018 |- |{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}}{{efn|name=n21|Zanzibar da Tanganyika sun haɗu don kafa Tanzania a shekara ta 1964.}}||1962 |- |{{TZA}}||1966–1982, 1990– |- |{{TOG}}||2026– |- |{{TON}}||1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{TTO}}||1934–1982, 1990– |- |{{TCA}}||1978, 1998– |- |{{TUV}}||2002– |- |{{UGA}}||1954–1974, 1982, 1990– |- |{{GBR}}||1911{{efn|name=n23|Birtaniya ce ta karbi bakuncin Gasar Cikin Empaya a shekara ta 1911. An gudanar da wannan lamarin kafin gudanarwa ta farko ta Wasannin da aka yi a Hamilton, Kanada a shekara ta 1930.}} |- |{{VUT}}||1982– |- |{{WAL}}||1930– |- |{{flag|Western Samoa}}{{efn|name=n20|An sauya wa Samoa ta Yamma suna zuwa Samoa a shekara ta 1997.}}||1974–1994 |- |{{ZMB}}{{efn|name=n17}}||1970–1982, 1990– |- |{{ZWE}}{{efn|name=n22|Zimbabwe ta fice daga Commonwealth a shekara ta 2003.}}||1982, 1990–2002 |} |} === Kasashen Commonwealth da ba su tura kungiyoyi ba tukuna === Kadan ne kawai daga cikin kasashen Commonwealth da yankunanta ba su taba shiga tsakani ba tukuna:<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014">{{cite web|title=Associated & Overseas Territories|website=Commonwealth of Nations|date=14 April 2014|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|access-date=20 January 2024|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921075014/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/commonwealth/commonwealth-membership/associated-and-overseas-territories/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|title=Commonwealth Games Non-Participating Countries|website=topendsports.com|language=en|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420203014/https://www.topendsports.com/events/commonwealth-games/countries/future.htm|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="McConnachie 2014">{{cite web|last=McConnachie|first=Alistair|title=Looking Towards the British Wealth in Common Games|website=A Force For Good|date=21 June 2014|url=https://www.aforceforgood.org.uk/games/bcw1#linkfour|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tokelau, yanki na New Zealand, ana saran za ta shiga a karon farko a Wasannin 2010 a Delhi amma ba ta yi hakan ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|title=Commonwealth Games 2010|accessdate=17 November 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020092950/http://commonwealthgame2010.com/delhi/participating-countries.html|archivedate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, an bayyana Tokelau a matsayin wadda ba ta dace da shiga Wasannin Commonwealth ba har sai ta kasance tana da alaƙa da aƙalla tarayya guda biyar na wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="RNZ 2018">{{cite web|title=Sport: Tokelau wrestling earns Commonwealth nod|website=RNZ |date=11 May 2018|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/357136/sport-tokelau-wrestling-earns-commonwealth-nod|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> * Tsibirin Keresimasi da Tsibirin Cocos (Keeling), wadanda dukansu yankuna ne na waje na Ostiraliya kamar Tsibirin Norfolk, ba su tura nasu kungiyoyin ba tukuna. * Akrotiri da Dhekelia, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya da ke tsakiya a kewayen sansanonin sojin Birtaniya, ba ta tura nata kungiyar ba tukuna. * Tsibirin Pitcairn, Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya, ba ya shiga saboda karancin yawan jama'a (kewaye da mutane 50).<ref name="Pitcairn">{{cite web|title=Pitcairn's Population|website=LibGuides at Pacific Union College|date=3 May 2021|url=https://puc.libguides.com/PISC-pitcairnpopulation|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Sauran yankuna masu jama'a da shiyyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin Commonwealth, kamar Alderney da Sark (bangare na Bailiwick na Guernsey), Tsibirin Ascension da Tristan da Cunha (sassa na Yankin Ketare Tekun Birtaniya na Saint Helena, Ascension da Tristan da Cunha), Nevis (bangaren tarayya na Tarayyar Saint Kitts da Nevis), Rodrigues (tsibiri na waje na Mauritius), da Zanzibar (bangaren da ke cin gashin kansa na Tanzania), ba a daukar su a matsayin guda biyu daban-daban ko yankunan ketare teku ta Commonwealth<ref name="Commonwealth of Nations 2014"/> don haka ba su da damar samun cancanta. === 'Yan wasan da aka ki amincewa da su === Masu fafutuka daga lardin Ingila na Cornwall sun bukaci Hukumar Wasannin Commonwealth da ta ba Cornwall damar shiga daban a Wasannin 2006, amma CGF ta ki amincewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa "Cornwall ba komai ba ce illa lardin Ingila" kuma ya ba 'yan wasan Cornwall shawarar da su yi gasa a kungiyar Ingila.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006">{{cite web|title=Cornish out of running for Games|website=BBC NEWS|date=2 January 2006|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/4575246.stm|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="Harris 2006">{{cite web|last=Harris|first=John|title=John Harris: Cornwall wants to be a part of Commonwealth Games|website=the Guardian|date=4 January 2006|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/04/johnharris.features11|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jam'iyyar siyasa ta Cornwall Mebyon Kernow ta nemi a ba kungiyar Cornwall damar shiga Wasannin 2022 amma ba ta samu nasara ba.<ref name="Hart 2022">{{cite web|last=Hart|first=Emma|title=Calls for Cornwall to be allowed to enter its own team at the next Commonwealth Games|website=Pirate FM|date=2 August 2022|url=https://planetradio.co.uk/pirate-fm/local/news/calls-for-cornwall-team-at-commonwealth-games/|access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> Jamhuriyar Birtaniya ta Arewacin Cyprus ta nemi shiga Wasannin 2006, amma an ki amincewa da ita saboda karancin amincewa daga kasashen duniya.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2006"/> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == === Kwangilar birnin da zai karbi bakunci === Wasannin Empaya na Birtaniya na 1934, wadanda aka amince a shekara ta 1930 za a gudanar a Johannesburg, an mayar da su London bayan gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta lokacin kafin wariyar launin fata (apartheid) ta ki amincewa da halartar 'yan wasa masu launin fata.<ref name="Gorman2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5DlxTDEIaYC&pg=PA170|title=The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s|last=Gorman|first=Daniel|date=31 July 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107021136|page=170|access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref> An fara ba Durban damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2015, a Babban Taron CGF a Auckland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban confirmed as 2022 host city|date=2 September 2015|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804195951/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/34125467|archive-date=4 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An ruwaito a watan Fabrairu na 2017 cewa Durban ba za ta iya karbar bakuncin wasannin ba saboda karancin kudi. A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2017, CGF ta janye hakkin karbar bakuncin daga Durban sannan ta sake bude tsarin neman neman karbar bakunci na wasannin 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|title=Commonwealth Games: Durban, South Africa will not host Games in 2022|date=13 March 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204162108/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/39256432|archive-date=4 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Birane da dama daga Ostiraliya, Kanada, Ingila da Malaysia sun nuna sha'awar karbar bakuncin wasannin. Sai dai, CGF ta samu bukata guda daya tak a hukumance wadda ta fito daga Birmingham, Ingila.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|title=Commonwealth Games 2022: Birmingham only bidder for event|date=30 September 2017|work=BBC Sport|access-date=5 February 2018|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201195548/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/41455347|archive-date=1 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Disamba, 2017, an ba Birmingham damar karbar bakuncin Wasannin 2022 a matsayin mai karbar bakunci na gurbi Durban.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|title=Birmingham officially named as 2022 Commonwealth Games host city|last=Kelner|first=Martha|date=21 December 2017|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=5 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184516/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/dec/21/birmingham-named-2022-commonwealth-games-host-city|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> An zabi hadakar bukata daga birane 6 na jihar Victoria a Ostiraliya don karbar bakuncin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026. A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, Firimiyan Victoria Dan Andrews ya sanar cewa jihar ta janye daga karbar bakuncin taron saboda karuwa mai tarin yawa a kiyasin kudin taron. Kiyasin farko na kudin ya kasance kusan Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 2.6, amma sabbin kiyasoshi na nuna kudin zai iya kaiwa kusa da Dalar Ostiraliya biliyan 6 zuwa 7.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=6 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pender|first=Kieran|date=18 July 2023|title=Does Victoria's 2026 cancellation sound Commonwealth Games death knell?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/18/commonwealth-games-2026-cancellation-will-it-return-victoria|access-date=6 August 2023|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2023, gwamnatin jihar Victoria ta sanar da cewa ta soke shirinta na karbar bakuncin wasannin, ta hanyar kawo hujjar karuwar kiyasin kudaden da ake tsammanin kashewa idan aka kwatanta da na farko. Ba tare da samun birnin da zai karbi bakunci ba, akwai yandancin cewa za a daga wasannin zuwa shekarar 2027 ko kuma soke su gabataki daya.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|date=17 July 2023|title=Commonwealth Games: 2026 event in doubt after Victoria cancels|language=en-UK|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-66229574|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Costs Too High At Over $6 Billion {{!}} Premier of Victoria|url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/commonwealth-games-costs-too-high-over-6-billion|access-date=18 July 2023|website=www.premier.vic.gov.au|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":CancelledGuardian">{{Cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Karp|first2=Cait|last2=Kelly|first3=Adeshola|last3=Ore|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jul/18/australia-commonwealth-games-2026-victoria-cancels-event-after-costs-blow-out-to-7bn|title =Australia Commonwealth Games 2026: Victoria cancels event after costs blow out to $7bn|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 July 2023|access-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2024, an sanar cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ta amince ta karbi bakuncin wasannin na 2026 a Glasgow.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ce8ddeeklxko | title=Scotland agrees to host Commonwealth Games in 2026 | date=17 September 2024 }}</ref> === Yajin aiki / Yoyikoti === Kamar dai Wasannin Olympic, Wasannin Commonwealth ma sun fuskanci yajin aikin kin halarta (boycott): Nijeriya ta gudanar da yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin Commonwealth na 1978 a Edmonton domin nuna zanga-zangar nuna adawa da huldar wasanni ta New Zealand da Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Uganda ma ta nisanta kanta, domin adawa da zargin kiyayyar Kanada ga gwamnatin Idi Amin.<ref name="MacintoshHawes1994"/><ref name="Edmonton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – 1978 Commonwealth Games – Introduction|website=thecgf.com|access-date=6 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414194244/http://thecgf.com/games/intro.asp?yr=1978|archive-date=14 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:1986 Commonwealth Games (Edinburgh) boycotting countries (red).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin kin halartar Wasannin 1986 an yi musu fentin ja|alt=|300x300px]] A lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 1986 a Edinburgh, mafi yawancin kasashen Commonwealth sun yi yajin aikin kin halarta, wanda ya sa Wasannin suka kasance tamkar na fararen fata kawai. Kasashe talatin da biyu daga cikin hamsin da tara da suka dace su shiga—mafi yawansu kasashen Afirka, Asiya da Karibiyan—sun nisanta kansu saboda manufar gwamnatin Thatcher na ci gaba da rike huldar wasanni ta Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu mai mulkin wariyar launin fata a maimakon shiga cikin yajin aikin kin gudanar da wasanni na gaba daya da kasar. Sakamakon haka, Edinburgh 1986 ta shaida mafi karancin adadin 'yan wasa tun bayan Auckland 1950.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Degun |first1=Tom |url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|title=Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed &#124; Glasgow 2014|work=insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News |date=29 February 2012|publisher=insidethegames.biz|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811024929/http://insidethegames.biz/commonwealth-games/2014/16048-scottish-independence-referendum-will-increase-interest-in-glasgow-2014-it-is-claimed|archive-date=11 August 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashen da suka yi yajin aikin sun hada da Antigua da Barbuda, Barbados, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Belize, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Guyana, Grenada, Indiya, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nijeriya, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Tsibirin Solomon, Sri Lanka, St. Vincent da Grenadines, Sierra Leone, St. Kitts da Nevis, St. Lucia, Mauritius, Trinidad da Tobago, Tanzania, Tsibirin Turks da Caicos, Uganda, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-20-mn-17233-story.html|title=8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23|agency=Reuters|date=20 July 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010750/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-20/news/mn-17233_1_commonwealth-games|archive-date=21 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Bermuda ta kasance mai janye jiki a makare, domin 'yan wasanta sun bayyana a bikin bude taron da kuma ranar farko ta gasar kafin Kungiyar Olympic ta Bermuda ta yanke shawarar janye jiki a hukumance.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Graham|date=25 April 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27165110|title=Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111114123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/27165110|archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> === Zanga-zanga === Wasannin Commonwealth na 1982 a Brisbane sun gudana ne a tsakiyar gudanar da zanga-zanga mai dimbin yawa domin kare hakkin 'Yan Aborigina na Ostiraliya. Gwamnatin jihar mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ta Joh Bjelke-Petersen ta fuskanci kalubale akai-akai daga Majalisar 'Yancin Bil-Adama ta Queensland game da takunkumin da ta kakaba wa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da 'yancin yin zanga-zanga. Gwamnatin Queensland ba ta amince da hakkin filaye na 'Yan Aborigina ba. Haka kuma Queensland ta gindaya gagarumar takunkumi na shari'a a kan Aborigina ta hanyar "Aboriginal Act 1971". Lalubawan 'Yan Aborigina da suka hada da Gary Foley sun tsara zanga-zangar bil-adama a Brisbane a lokacin makon wasannin, wanda aka lakaba wa suna "Stolenwealth Games". A matsayin martani, Queensland ta kafa dokar "The Commonwealth Games Act 1982" don sa takunkumi ga zanga-zanga a cikin ko kusa da wurin da ake gudanar da taron. Lokacin da fafutukawan 'Yan Aborigina da masu goyon bayan su suka gabatar da jerin gwano duk da haka, an kame daruruwan mutane. An dauki hotuna da bidiyon zanga-zangar a cikin shirin gaskiya na ''Guniwaya Ngigu''. Sauran zanga-zangar "Stolenwealth Games" sun sake aukuwa a lokacin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2006 a Melbourne da kuma Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast.<ref>{{cite news|last= Latimore|first= Jack|date= 9 April 2018|title='The fight never left': Stolenwealth Games protesters draw on long tradition|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/09/the-fight-never-left-stolenwealth-games-protesters-draw-on-long-tradition|work= Guardian, The|location=|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> == Tasirin kudi == Kudurin kiyasi na Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 a Delhi ya kasance Dalar Amurka biliyan 11, a cewar mujallar ''Business Today''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|title=Delhi Commonwealth Games organiser arrested in corruption investigation|agency=Associated Press|date=25 April 2011|website=The Guardian|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921204444/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/delhi-commonwealth-games-organiser-arrested|archive-date=21 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafin wannan, kiyasin farko na majalisar gudanarwa ta Wasannin Olympic ta Indiya a shekara ta 2003 ya kasance Dalar Amurka miliyan 250. Amma a shekara ta 2010, kasafin kudin a hukumance ya haura zuwa kusan Dalar Amurka biliyan 1.8, adadin da bai hada da kudaden gina ayyukan rage radadi da na bunkasa ababen more rayuwa wadanda basu da alaka da wasanni ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/20100816-payoffs-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg-743744-2010-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811161300/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/108072/Sport/payoffs-&-bribes-cast-a-shadow-on-cwg.html|url-status=live|archive-date=11 August 2010|title=Payoffs & bribes cast a shadow on CWG: Sport : India Today|author1=Ravi Shankar|author2=Mihir Srivastava|date=7 August 2010|work=India Today|access-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> Wasannin Commonwealth na 2010 an ruwaito su a matsayin Wasannin Commonwealth mafi tsada da aka taba gudanarwa.<ref>Melbourne 2006</ref> Wani bincike da kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers ya gudanar a kan Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002, 2006, 2014 da kuma 2018 ya nuna cewa duk dalar Amurka guda daya da gwamnatoci suka kashe kan kudaden gudanarwa, wuraren gudanar da wasanni da sansanin 'yan wasa, ta samar da Dalar Amurka 2 ga tattalin arzikin birnin da ya karbi bakunci ko jiha, tare da matsakaicin samar da guraben aiki fiye da 18,000 sakamakon kowace gasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=New report reveals Commonwealth Games consistently provides over £1 billion boost for host cities|url=https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|access-date=16 February 2022|archive-date=16 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216122417/https://thecgf.com/news/new-report-reveals-commonwealth-games-consistently-provides-over-ps1-billion-boost-host-cities|url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Commonwealth Games Value Framework|url=https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://thecgf.com/sites/default/files/2020-05/CG_Value%20Framework_v1.pdf|archive-date=9 October 2022|url-status=live|website=The Commonwealth Games Federation|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Har ila yau, dukkan birane hudu sun samu ci gaba mai dorewa na sufuri ko sauran ababen more rayuwa ta hanyar karbar bakuncin Wasannin, yayin da wasu kuma suka amfana daga farfado da yankuna da suka kasance a baya suna fuskantar kalubale.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|title=Games can deliver gold for Victoria's economy|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/games-can-deliver-gold-for-victoria-s-economy-20220216-p59wxa.html|website=The Age|date=16 February 2022 |access-date=16 February 2022}}</ref> Wani bincike da Ernst & Young suka gudanar ya gano cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 sun samar da tasirin tattalin arziki da aka kiyasta kaiwa Dalar Amurka biliyan 2.5, yayin da wuraren da aka gina ko aka inganta don Wasannin sun samar da amfanin tattalin arziki na fiye da Dalar Amurka miliyan 60 a shekara ga Gold Coast. Nasarar Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 an yaba mata wajen taimakawa birnin Brisbane samun hakkin karbar bakuncin Wasannin Olympic na Damina na 2032.<ref>{{cite web|title=GC2018 Legacy: Beyond the Games report 2024|url=https://www.publications.qld.gov.au/ckan-publications-attachments-prod/resources/eed229fa-e623-4cf1-b0f2-0cb0298e4b52/gc2018-legacy-report-2024.pdf?ETag=f1909b86222ff20de6d678c3e58fffd4|publisher=Ernst & Young|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pierce|first1=Jeremy|title=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games worth $300m so far: report|url=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/qld-politics/gold-coast-2018-commonwealth-games-worth-300m-so-far-report/news-story/17b82ff1df2be1d78ddd705c86f2ad86|website=The Courier Mail|access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa shahararru == Mai wasan Lawn Bowl Willie Wood daga Scotland shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya shiga Wasannin Commonwealth guda bakwai, tun daga 1974 zuwa 2002, wani mizani da dan tseren keke Andrew Roche daga tsibirin Isle of Man ya daidaita a shekara ta 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/26985985|title=Glasgow 2014: Mark Cavendish relishes idea of racing with mates|date=10 May 2014|access-date=10 May 2014|newspaper=BBC Sport|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140511023704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/commonwealth-games/26985985|archive-date=11 May 2014|url-status=live }}</ref> Dukansu gaba daya David Calvert daga Arewacin Ireland ya tsere musu, wanda a shekara ta 2018 ya halarci wasanninsa na 11.<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Games: TeamNI announced for Gold Coast 2018|url=https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|access-date=4 January 2018|work=Portadown Times|date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180313/https://www.portadowntimes.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games-teamni-announced-for-gold-coast-2018-1-8314625|archive-date=5 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Sitiveni Rabuka ya kasance Firayim Ministan Fiji. Kafin sannan, ya wakilci Fiji a wasannin jifan nauyi (shot put da hammer throw), jifan faifai (discus) da kuma decathlon a Wasannin Empaya da Commonwealth na Birtaniya na 1974 da aka gudanar a Christchurch, New Zealand. Greg Yelavich, dan harbe-harbe na wasanni daga New Zealand, ya lashe lambobin yabo 12 a wasanni bakwai tun daga 1986 zuwa 2010.<ref name="Greg Yelavich Olympic success">{{cite web|title=Greg Yelavich|url=https://olympic.org.nz/athletes/greg-yelavich|website=New Zealand Olympic Team|access-date=22 July 2020|language=en|date=9 February 2016}}</ref> Dan wasan Lawn Bowl Robert Weale ya wakilci Wales a Wasannin Commonwealth guda 8, tsakanin 1986 zuwa 2014, inda ya lashe lambobin zinare 2, azurfa 3 da kuma tagulla 1.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Weale's Commonwealth Games memories|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/commonwealth-games/27973271|access-date=23 July 2021}}</ref> Mai daukar nauyi na Nauru Marcus Stephen ya lashe lambobin yabo goma sha biyu a Wasannin tsakanin shekara ta 1990 da 2002, inda bakwai daga ciki na zinare ne, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban kasar Nauru a shekara ta 2007. Wannan nasara tasa ta taimaka wajen sanya Nauru (kasa mafi kankanta mai zaman kanta a Commonwealth, mai murabba'in kilomita 21 da yawan jama'a kasa da 9,400 a shekara ta 2011) a matsayi na ashirin da biyu a saman teburin lambobin yabo na Wasannin Commonwealth na kowane lokaci.<ref>August 2019</ref> Mai iyo na Ostiraliya Ian Thorpe ya lashe lambobin zinare 10 da na azurfa 1 a Wasannin Commonwealth. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 a Kuala Lumpur, ya lashe lambobin zinare 4. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2002 a Manchester, ya lashe lambobin zinare 6 da azurfa 1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|title=Commonwealth Games Federation – Inspiring Athletes – Commonwealth Legend|website=thecgf.com|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827124937/http://thecgf.com/search/legend.asp|archive-date=27 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chad le Clos, mai iyo mafi samun lambobin yabo a Afirka ta Kudu, ya lashe lambobin yabo 18 daga Wasannin Commonwealth hudu (2010, 2014, 2018 da 2022), wadanda bakwai daga ciki zinare ne. A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2014 a Glasgow, ya lashe lambobin zinare biyu, azurfa guda daya da kuma tagulla guda hudu.<ref>"Chad le Clos stars at Commonwealth Games with record 7 medals". ''News24''. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2018 a Gold Coast, ya lashe zinare uku, azurfa daya da tagulla daya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|title=About Me – Chad Le Clos|work=Chad Le Clos|access-date=16 April 2018|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417105611/http://chadleclos.com/about-me/|archive-date=17 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Dan wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila Jason Statham ya shiga a matsayin mai tsalle ruwa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1990.<ref>{{cite news|title=When Jason Statham participated in the 1990 Commonwealth Games|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|website=The Indian Express|author=Shivangi Jalan|date=4 April 2018|access-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171905/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jason-statham-commonwealth-games-5123058/|archive-date=27 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a Birmingham, mawakin Ostiraliya Cody Simpson ya lashe lambar zinare a matsayin mai iyo a tseren gudun maza na ninkaya mai nisan mita 4 × 100 freestyle relay da kuma lambar azurfa a tseren maza na 4 × 100 metre medley relay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramsay|first1=George|title=Cody Simpson returned to his 'first love' by swapping his music career for swimming and is set to compete at the Commonwealth Games|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/07/27/sport/cody-simpson-swimming-commonwealth-games-spt-intl/index.html|access-date=1 August 2022|work=CNN|date=28 July 2022}}</ref> Firayim Ministan Niue Dalton Tagelagi ya fafata a wasan lawn bowls a Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 yana kan mukaminsa na mulki,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |title=Dalton Emani Makamau TAGELAGI |publisher=Birmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games |date= |accessdate=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084456/https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/dalton-emani-makamau-tagelagi/1aceb712-a566-4e3a-8d49-71bc9978a999 |url-status=live }}</ref> sannan kuma ya riga ya fafata a shekarar 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |title=Dalton Tagelagi |publisher=G2014results.thecgf.com |accessdate=30 April 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215826/http://g2014results.thecgf.com/athlete/lawn_bowls/1027216/d_tagelagi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |title=Dalton TAGELAGI |publisher=Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Corporation |date= |accessdate=11 June 2020 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611031031/https://results.gc2018.com/en/lawn-bowls/athlete-profile-n6031192-dalton-tagelagi.htm |url-status=dead }}.</ref> == Daukar hoto da watsa labarai == Gidan talabijin na BBC shi ne babban mai watsa shirye-shiryen tun daga 1954 zuwa 2022 in ban da fitotoci hudu na farko a shekarun 1930, 1934, 1938 da 1950. A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2025, an sanar da cewa Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026 a Glasgow za a nuna su kai tsaye a gidan talabijin na TNT Sports karon farko a matsayin talabijin mai biyan kudi maimakon a talabijin na kyauta. Tashar Channel 5 za ta gudanar da nuna taaitaccen labarai da abubuwan da suka faru a kullum na gasar shekarar 2026. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} a6x900rrksret9n2yu7n6r9cfmw0peb 0 169458 965917 929883 2026-10-10T19:52:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965917 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Esther Onyekesi''' ’yar siyasar Najeriya ce. Ita ce mai fafutukar tsara da wayar da kan mata a harkokin siyasa tun daga matakin ƙananan hukumomi, kuma ita ce Shugabar Mata ta jam’iyyar All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) a[[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-13 |title=HON MRS ESTHER CHINYERE ONYEKESI FELICITATES WITH HON STANLEY NKWOKA ON HIS BIRTHDAY ANNIVERSARY - Fides Media |url=https://fidesmedia.org/hon-mrs-esther-chinyere-onyekesi-felicitates-with-hon-stanley-nkwoka-on-his-birthday-anniversary/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == An nada Madam Esther a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Gwamna [[Charles Soludo]] na Jihar Anambra, a watan Mayu 2026. An haɗa sunanta a cikin jerin sunayen goma sha tara (19) da aka zaba a matsayin Kwamishinoni kuma an gabatar da su ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Anambra don tantancewa da amincewa. Saboda haka, nadin ta ya maye gurbin tsohon Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a, Jihar Anambra, Mrs. Ify Obinabo .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Onyeka |date=2026-05-10 |title=Former Women Affairs Commissioner 'Obinabo' Signs Off, Promises To Keep Fighting For The Forgotten |url=https://anambrapeople.com.ng/2026/05/10/former-women-affairs-commissioner-obinabo-signs-off-promises-to-keep-fighting-for-the-forgotten/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=Anambra people magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Dangane da ka'idojin Gwamnatin Jihar Anambra game da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a ta Jiha, jikin yana da "hakin tsarawa da aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don inganta walwa, karfafawa, da kariya ga mata da yara a Jihar Anambra. Ma'aikalin yana magance batutuwan da suka shafi [[Daidaiton jinsi|daidaito tsakanin jinsi]], haƙƙin yara, da ƙungiyoyin da masu rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Movement |first=Nigerian Liberty |title=Government LibertyApp |url=https://gov.libertyapp.ng/government/offices/st-anambra-min-12 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=Government LibertyApp |language=en}}</ref> Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin kira ga haƙƙin mata da yara, samar da ayyukan gwamnati masu ruwa da suka hada da kuma magance al'umma masu ruwa da yawa don magance al'amuran jama'umma. Ya kamata a tuna cewa Mrs. Esther Chinyere Onyekesi ita ce mahaifiyar marigayi Martin Onyekesi, wani dan kasuwa da aka sani da 'Fish Magnet, wanda aka sace kuma aka kashe shi a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-06 |title=Esther Chinyere Onyekesi Nominated as Anambra Commissioner for Women Affairs - Naija Feminists Media |url=https://naijafeministsmedia.org.ng/esther-chinyere-onyekesi-nominated-as-anambra-commissioner-for-women-affairs/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Exclusive |first=Apex News |date=2026-05-09 |title=Anambra Governor Soludo appoints mother of slain businessman as women affairs commissioner |url=https://apexnewsexclusive.com/anambra-governor-soludo-appoints-mother-of-slain-businessman-as-women-affairs-commissioner/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=Apex News Exclusive |language=en-US}}</ref> Mutuwar ɗanta ta kawo rikice-rikice da zanga-zanga da yawa, wanda Martin Vincent Otse wanda aka fi sani da Very Dark Man, ya goyi bayan. Koyaya, a cewar rahotanni, Mrs Onyekesi "ta tsaya, tana mai jaddada, ba ta da alaƙa da siyasa. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apanpa |first=Olaniyi |date=2026-05-05 |title=Mother of Late 'Fish Magnet' Gets High-Profile Appointment from Anambra Govt - Legit.ng |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1708674-mother-late-fish-magnet-high-profile-appointment-anambra-govt/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=www.legit.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=TSJ Reporter 3 |date=2026-05-06 |title=Soludo appoints slain businessman's mother as Anambra commissioner for women affairs |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/soludo-appoints-slain-businessmans-mother-as-anambra-commissioner-for-women-affairs/ |url-status=live |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=streetjournal}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>A lokacin ziyarar ta'aziyya game da mutuwar ɗanta, ta ba da labarin cewa, "sun jira shi yayin da ya dawo gida. Lokacin da ya fito daga motarsa don buɗe ƙofar, sun buge. Na yi imanin cewa an shirya hari ne".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2025-08-15 |title=MetroFish Magnate: Mother Speaks on Son's Killing, Clears Governor Soludo of Blame |url=https://nationaltrailonline.com.ng/metrofish-magnate-mother-speaks-on-sons-killing-clears-governor-soludo-of-blame/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=National Trail Newspaers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n5bqi61sftk5998x2zv2cem379t288w 0 170131 966066 932175 2026-10-11T06:31:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji na Behali''', wanda ke cikin gundumar Biswanath ta [[Assam]] wani yanki ne na dajin kore mai kusan kore a ƙasan tsaunukan Gabashin Himalayas . Wannan dajin wani ɓangare ne na babban wurin adana giwa na Sonitpur kuma an ayyana shi a matsayin dajin da aka keɓe a shekarar 1917. Tana tsakanin shahararrun yankuna biyu masu kariya, Nameri National Park a yamma da Kaziranga National Park a kudu, wanda ya kunshi fadin kasa baki daya ya kai murabba'in murabba'i 140.&nbsp;km ^2. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=10 June 2021 |title=Behali Reserve Forest in Biswanath District Faces Serious Threat Due to Illegal Encroachment & Deforestation - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/behali-reserve-forest-in-biswanath-district-faces-serious-threat-542073 |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=The Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref> Saboda haka yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin hanya don ƙaura na nau'ikan halittu daban-daban tsakanin waɗannan yankuna masu kariya, galibi giwaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Neglect shrouds Behali Reserve Forest's biodiversity along Assam-Arunachal border |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2021/07/neglect-shrouds-behali-reserve-forests-biodiversity-along-assam-arunachal-border/ |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Mongabay-India |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2022, a cikin Jaridar Assam Gazette, Gwamnan Assam ya gabatar da shawarar ayyana Dajin Behali da aka Kiyaye a matsayin Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2022 |title=Assam's Behali Reserve Forest Designated As 'Wildlife Sanctuary' - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/assams-behali-reserve-forest-designated-as-wildlife-sanctuary-591449 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=The Sentinel Assam |language=en}}</ref> An kuma amince da shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye a shekarar 1994 da kuma Babban Yankin Bambancin Halittu a shekarar 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behali Reserve Forest, India - KeyBiodiversityAreas.org |url=http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/site/factsheet/18067 |access-date=2021-07-28 |website=www.keybiodiversityareas.org}}</ref> Yana tsakanin 93°11′30.58″ E da 93°23′21.09″ E longitude da 26°52′20.08″ N da 26°57′33.17″N latitudes, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ethnobotany of Northeast India - Behali Reserve Forest |url=https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/flora/behali-reserve-forest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727130646/https://sites.google.com/view/ethnobotanyofnortheastindia/flora/behali-reserve-forest |archive-date=2021-07-27 |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref> yankin yana da iyaka da Kogin Buroi a gabas, yamma da kogin Borgang, gefen arewa kuma yana da iyaka da Papum Reserve na [[Arunachal Pradesh]] da kuma wasu wuraren zama na mutane, gonakin shayi da filayen noma a kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/index.php/site/factsheet/behali-reserve-forest-iba-india |access-date=2021-07-28 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> Dajin yana da tsayin mita 90 zuwa mita 110 a saman teku, kuma yana ɗauke da tsaunuka da ƙananan wurare. Zafin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin 13&nbsp;°C zuwa 37&nbsp;°C kuma matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a cikin dajin yana kusan 1800&nbsp;mm. <ref name=":0" /> == Yanayin ƙasa da bambancin halittu == === Koguna === Borgang da Buroi su ne manyan magudanan ruwa da ke kwarara ta cikin Dajin Behali Reserve da kuma magudanan ruwa a cikin Brahmaputra . <ref name=":0" /> Baya ga waɗannan, akwai wasu ƙananan rafuka da dama da suka ratsa dajin kamar Behali, Bedeti, Bihmari, Borajuli, Dikal, Diring, Kochujan, Kolaguri, Naharjan, Nasbor, Sauldhowa, Sukansuti, da sauransu. === Flora === [[Fayil:Behali_RF.jpg|right|thumb| ''Yankunan dajin Behali masu kore-kore masu kauri'']] Furen da ke cikin dajin yana ɗauke da jimillar nau'ikan angiosperm guda 308. Botanist Dipankar Borah ya gano sabbin taxa guda uku, ciki har da ''Chlorophytum assamicum'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=BORAH |first=DIPANKAR |last2=KAFLEY |first2=PARIXIT |last3=DAS |first3=ABHAYA P. |last4=TANGJANG |first4=SUMPAM |last5=AVERYNOV |first5=LEONID |date=2019-02-25 |title=Chlorophytum assamicum (Asparagaceae), a new species from Northeast India |url=https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.12 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=394 |issue=1 |pages=123 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.12 |issn=1179-3163 |s2cid=92052872 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da ''Peliosanthes macrophylla'' var ''assamensis'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borah |first=D. |last2=Taram |first2=M. |last3=Tangjang |first3=S. |last4=Upadhyaya |first4=A. |last5=Tanaka |first5=N. |date=2020-11-30 |title=Peliosanthes macrophylla var. assamensis (Asparagaceae), a new variety from Behali Reserve Forest in Assam, Northeast India |journal=Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=121–125 |doi=10.3767/blumea.2020.65.02.05 |doi-access=free}}</ref> waɗanda ke cikin wannan gandun daji da ''Aristolochia assamica'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borah |first=Dipankar |last2=Taram |first2=Momang |last3=Das |first3=Abhaya Prasad |last4=Tangjang |first4=Sumpam |last5=Do |first5=Truong Van |date=October 2019 |title=Aristolochia assamica (Aristolochiaceae), a New Species from the East Himalayas |url=https://bioone.org/journals/annales-botanici-fennici/volume-56/issue-4-6/085.056.0410/Aristolochia-assamica-Aristolochiaceae-a-New-Species-from-the-East-Himalayas/10.5735/085.056.0410.full |journal=Annales Botanici Fennici |volume=56 |issue=4–6 |pages=253–257 |doi=10.5735/085.056.0410 |issn=0003-3847 |s2cid=204811125 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> wanda yanzu ya mamaye Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya bayan an tattara shi daga wasu wurare kaɗan a NE Indiya. An sake gano ''Tupistra stoliczkana'' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=BORAH |first=DIPANKAR |last2=TANAKA |first2=NORIYUKI |last3=AVERYANOV |first3=LEONID V. |last4=TARAM |first4=MOMANG |last5=ROY |first5=DILIP KUMAR |date=2020-05-19 |title=<p><strong>Rediscovery of <em>Tupistra stoliczkana</em> (Asparagaceae) in northeastern India and the identity of <em>T. ashihoi</em></strong></p> |url=https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.443.2.8 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=443 |issue=2 |pages=207–210 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.443.2.8 |issn=1179-3163 |s2cid=219521976 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> bayan fiye da ƙarni ɗaya, an ƙara ''Galeola nudifolia'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=Checklist of orchids of Biswanath district of Assam, India, with a new record for the state |url=https://richardiana.jardinbotaniquedeguyane.com/checklist-of-orchids-of-biswanath-district-of-assam-india-with-a-new-record-for-the-state/ |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=Richardiana |language=fr-FR}}</ref> da ''Pandanus unguifer'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Revista Contributii Botanice |url=http://contributii_botanice.reviste.ubbcluj.ro/volume_cuprins.php?id=2020 |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=contributii_botanice.reviste.ubbcluj.ro}}</ref> a cikin flora na Assam da ''Citrus indica'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pleione Vol.12 Issue 2 |url=http://pleione.ehsst.org/index/Pleione122.html |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=pleione.ehsst.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727115641/http://pleione.ehsst.org/index/Pleione122.html |archive-date=2021-07-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> bayan shekaru da yawa daga Assam. [[Fayil:Galeola_nudifolia_2.jpg|thumb| '''''Galeola nudifolia''' ,'' sabon orchid da aka yi rikodin don flora na Assam]] ''Magnolia hogdsonii, Elaeocarpus rugosus, [[E. varunua]], Bauhinia variegata ,'' da ''Gynocardia odorata'' wasu daga cikin nau'in itace na yau da kullum a cikin gandun daji. Yankin dajin yana kuma ɗauke da nau'ikan wuraren zama daban-daban kamar dazuzzuka masu tsabta, dazuzzukan sakandare, dazuzzukan da aka gyara, dazuzzukan ruwa, wuraren zama na buɗe (misali ciyayi), da kuma [[Dausayi|wuraren dausayi]] . Bugu da ƙari, dajin ajiyar gida ne ga nau'ikan orchid guda 37 da aka rarraba a cikin ciyayi da ƙasa. ''Ficus'' mai nau'ikan 14 yana ɗaya daga cikin rukunin tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci waɗanda avifauna da yawa suka dogara da su. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Borah |first=Dipankar |last2=Das |first2=Biswajit |last3=Tangjang |first3=Sumpam |last4=Das |first4=Abhaya Prasad |last5=Khapugin |first5=Anatoliy A. |date=2021 |title=Assessment of woody species diversity and composition along a disturbance gradient in Behali Reserve Forest of Biswanath district, Assam, India |url=https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/EQ/article/view/EQ.2021.009 |journal=Ecological Questions |language=en-US |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.12775/EQ.2021.009 |issn=1644-7298 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Fauna === Dajin yana da wadata a cikin namun daji, tsuntsaye 282, [[Malam buɗe littafi|malam buɗe ido]] 275, dabbobi masu shayarwa 49, [[Maciji|macizai]] 23, tsuntsayen ruwa 12, [[Afifiya|kunkuru]] 11 da [[Kadangare|ƙadangare]] 11 da aka rubuta zuwa yanzu. <ref name=":0" /> Wannan dajin na ƙarshe na hagu yana zaune ne da wasu nau'ikan dabbobin da suka fi fuskantar barazana da kuma waɗanda suka fi zama ruwan dare, ciki har da ƙaho mai wuyan Rufous ( <nowiki><i id="mwpw">Aceros nipalensis)</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/index.php/site/factsheet/behali-reserve-forest-iba-india/details |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> '','' ƙaho mai wutsiya <nowiki><i id="mwrg">(Aceros undulatus)</i></nowiki> '','' Binturong ( <nowiki><i id="mwsQ">Arctictis binturong)</i></nowiki> '','' Agwagwa mai fikafikai fari <nowiki><i id="mwtA">(Asarcornis scutulata)</i></nowiki> '','' Bison na Indiya <nowiki><i id="mwtw">(Bos gaurus</i></nowiki> ) '','' Babban ƙaho mai wutsiya ( <nowiki><i id="mwug">Buceros bicornis)</i></nowiki> '','' ƙaho mai wuyan woolly <nowiki><i id="mwvQ">(Ciconia episcopus)</i></nowiki> '','' Dhoole <nowiki><i id="mwwA">(Cuon alpinus)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru akwatin kudu maso gabashin Asiya <nowiki><i id="mwww">(Cuora amboinensis)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru akwatin Keeled <nowiki><i id="mwxg">(Cuora mouhotii)</i></nowiki> '','' Giwa ta Asiya <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">(Elephas maximus)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru mai tafki baƙi <nowiki><i id="mwzA">(Geoclemys hamiltonii)</i></nowiki> '','' Barewar alade ta Indiya <nowiki><i id="mwzw">(Hyelaphus porcinus)</i></nowiki> '','' Ƙaramin mai taimako <nowiki><i id="mw0g">(Leptoptilos javanicus)</i></nowiki> '','' Otter mai laushi <nowiki><i id="mw1Q">(Lutrogale perspicillata)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru mai tudu na Tricarinate <nowiki><i id="mw2A">(Melanochelys tricarinata)</i></nowiki> '','' Damisa mai duhu <nowiki><i id="mw2w">(Neofelis nebulosa)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru mai laushi na Indiya ( <nowiki><i id="mw3g">Nilssonia gangeticus)</i></nowiki> '','' Kunkuru mai laushi na Indiya <nowiki><i id="mw4Q">(Nilssonia hurum)</i></nowiki> '','' Bengal slow loris <nowiki><i id="mw5A">(Nycticebus bengalensis)</i></nowiki> '','' King cobra <nowiki><i id="mw5w">(Ophiophagus hannah)</i></nowiki> '','' [[Damisa|Damisa ''(Panthera pardus)'']] '','' Pygmy hog <nowiki><i id="mw7Q">(Porcula salvania)</i></nowiki> '','' Burmese python <nowiki><i id="mw8A">(Python bivittatus)</i></nowiki> '','' Sambar barewa <nowiki><i id="mw8w">(Rusa unicolor)</i></nowiki> '','' Kogin tern <nowiki><i id="mw9g">(Sterna aurantia)</i></nowiki> '','' Caped langur <nowiki><i id="mw-Q">(Trachypithecus pileatus)</i></nowiki> '','' Baƙar fata ta Asiya <nowiki><i id="mw_A">(Ursus thibetanus)</i></nowiki> '','' China pangolin <nowiki><i id="mw_w">(Manis pentadactyla)</i></nowiki> '','' Ja ungulu mai kai <nowiki><i id="mwAQI">(Kalubalen Sarcogyps)</i></nowiki> da kuma kunkuru mai laushi ( <nowiki><i id="mwAQQ">Nilssonia nigricans)</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BirdLife Data Zone |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/index.php/site/factsheet/behali-reserve-forest-iba-india/text |access-date=2021-07-27 |website=datazone.birdlife.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == q2uq1andinnzgoepako5le1bxypbq8o 0 170173 965847 932256 2026-10-10T15:17:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965847 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  [[Tsarin yaduwa na gaba ɗaya|Tsarin yanayi na duniya]] na Ilimi ko '''EdGCM''' cikakkiyar tsarin yanayi ne na duniya (GCM) wanda aka tsara don amfani akan kwamfutocin tebur (Windows PCs da Macs) don amfani a ilimi. Yana aiki ta hanyar mai amfani mai zane-zane kuma an haɗa shi tare da bayanan dangantaka da kayan aikin gani na kimiyya, dukansu suna da niyyar taimakawa inganta ingancin koyarwa da fahimtar [[Climatology|yanayin yanayi]] ta hanyar yin abubuwan bincike na ainihi. An tsara EdGCM don ba da damar malamai da ɗalibai su gudanar da bincike mai zurfi game da yanayin yanayi na baya, na yanzu da na gaba a hanyar da ta dace da dabarun da kungiyoyin binciken yanayi na ƙasa da na duniya suka yi amfani da su. [[File:EdGCMcollage_small.png|left|thumb|372x372px|Abubuwan da ke cikin EdGCM sun haɗa da siffofi don saita gwaje-gwaje na samfurin yanayi, kwamitin sarrafawa don gudana, dakatarwa, da dakatar da GCM, kayan aiki don aiwatar da fitar da kwamfuta mai mahimmanci a cikin bayanan yanayi mai ma'ana, software na gani na kimiyya, da kayan aiki don tsara bayanai, hotuna, da saitin gwaji.]] An haɓaka EdGCM a Cibiyar Goddard don Nazarin sararin samaniya a matsayin aikin hadin gwiwa na Jami'ar Columbia da masana kimiyya da masu shirye-shiryen NASA. Tsarin Yanayi na Duniya a cikin EdGCM shine '''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220707231342/https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/modelii/ GISS Model II] An adana shi 2009-12-25 a''' . A cikin shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, wannan GCM na ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin binciken yanayi na NASA. Sakamakon daga samfurin ya bayyana a cikin daruruwan wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. Ƙarin ƙuduri na samfurin yanayi a cikin EdGCM (8 ° x 10 °, latitude x longitude) ya sa ya zama ƙarancin ƙima don gudu. Amma saboda ya ƙunshi mafi yawan mahimman kimiyyar yanayi na GCMs na zamani, masu binciken yanayi waɗanda ba su da damar yin amfani da sigar GCM na baya-bayan nan. Ya zuwa watan Yulin , ci gaban EdGCM ya ci gaba. Masu haɓakawa suna ci gaba da aiki a kan sigar girgije da ake kira EzGCM . == Dubi kuma == * Cibiyar Nazarin sararin samaniya ta NASA GoddardCibiyar Nazarin sararin samaniya ta Goddard * Tsarin Yanayi na [[Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Kasa|NCAR]]Tsarin Yanayi na Al'umma * [[Gudanar da Tsarin Ruwa da Ruwa na ƙasa|NOAA]] [[GFDL CM2. X|GFDL CM2.X]] * [[Mai kwaikwayon Duniya]] * HadCM3 - bayani game da AOGCM == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150323033013/http://edgcm.columbia.edu/ EdGCM] a Jami'ar Columbia {{Atmospheric, Oceanographic and Climate Models}} gkii3t7epe558358na54ci23p2fjleb 0 170321 966078 932671 2026-10-11T07:25:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mole Creek Karst''' wani wurin shakatawa ne na ƙasa da ke Arewacin Tasmania, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], 168.&nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yamma da Hobart. Tana kan gangaren Great Western Tiers a gabashin garin Mole Creek. Ita ce kadai wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a Tasmania da aka ƙirƙira musamman don kare yanayin ƙasa [[Karst|na karst]] . Yana cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya na daji a Tasmania. Wurin shakatawa na ƙasa ya ƙunshi bulogi goma sha biyu daban-daban na ƙasa, wasu daga cikinsu an kewaye su da fili mai tsabta, mai zaman kansa, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu siffofin karst da hanyoyin shiga kogo suna wajen iyakokin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Wurin shakatawa na Mole Creek Karst National Park yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin kogo masu ban mamaki da yawa, waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido da yawa kowace shekara. Biyu daga cikin waɗannan kogo na musamman; Kogon Sarki Solomons, wanda ke da tarin laka da kuma tarin ƙashi, da kuma shawls, da speleothems waɗanda suka samar da stalactites da stalagmites. , da kuma kogon Marakoopa; wanda ya shahara saboda kyawun bayyanar tsutsotsi masu haske, kuma yana da rafuka biyu na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, manyan kogo, tafkuna masu faɗi, tunani da fasalin shawl da dutse mai gudana, an ƙera su a matsayin kogo masu kyau kuma sune babban abin jan hankali na yawon shakatawa na kogo da aka jagoranta. Yawancin kogo da ke cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa ba su da ci gaba sosai kuma ba a inganta su ba, duk da cewa wani lokaci mai kogo yana ziyartar su. Wasu kogo da yawa suna nan a kan ƙasa mai zaman kansa, don haka suna haifar da matsala dangane da kulawa da kiyayewa. An ayyana wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a shekarar 1996 don samar da kariya ga tsarin da ya ƙunshi kogo da ramuka sama da 300 da aka sani, ciki har da Marakoopa da Kogon Sarki Solomons. An rarraba wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a matsayin yanki mai kariya daga IUCN Category II. == Ilimin Halittu == Wurin shakatawa na Mole Creek Karst National Park yana da nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri, waɗanda ke da yanayi daban-daban na kiyayewa. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna nan a cikin kogo, da kuma cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye da su a cikin wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Yawancin nau'ikan da ke akwai, musamman a cikin kogo, suna da yawa a yankin, don haka suna da matukar muhimmanci dangane da kiyayewa da kariya. === Fauna === Akwai nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa da ke cikin Mole Creek Karst National Park waɗanda duka keɓantattu ne ga tsarin Karst, kuma an jera su a matsayin nau'ikan kogo masu kariya. Tsutsotsin da ke haskakawa Arachnocampus tasmaniensis suna zaune a cikin kogo da yawa da ke cikin Mole Creek Karst National Park, kuma suna ba da ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na yankin. Kogon Marakoopa yana ɗauke da ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun nunin tsutsotsi masu haske a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya, kuma babban wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido ne a cikin rangadin kogo da aka jagoranta. Tsarin karst kuma gida ne ga wasu nau'ikan kogo da aka kare, kamar su kurket ''Micropathus cavernicola'', da ''Parvotettix geode'' ; ƙwaro, ''Tasmanotrechus cockerilli'' ; mai girbi, ''Hickmanoxyomma gibbergunyar'' ; da ''kuma kunama Pseudotyrannochthonius typhlus'' . Nau'o'i uku da ke cikin tsarin, waɗanda aka jera a cikin ''Dokar Kare Nau'o'in Barazana ta Tasmanian ta 1995'', sun fi yawa a yankin kuma an takaita su ga tsarin kogo. ''Tasmanotrechus cockerilli'', ƙwaro da ke cikin tsarin kogo, ƙwaro ne mai matuƙar wahala kuma mai sauƙin gyarawa, wanda ya samo asali ya zama a cikin yanayin kogo mai duhu, idanunsa sun zama marasa amfani. ''T. cockerilli'' yana cikin ƙungiyar Tribe ''Trechinae'' (Family ''Carabidae'' ) kuma an lissafa shi a matsayin mai rauni a cikin ''Dokar Kare Nau'in Barazana ta 1995.'' <ref name="eberhard2000" /> Pseudotyrannochthonius typhlus, wanda aka fi sani da Mole Creek Cave Pseudoscorpion, kuma dabba ce mai matuƙar wahalar samu wadda take zama a cikin kogo a cikin tsarin karst na Mole Creek. An san shi daga kimanin samfura goma sha biyu kawai, kuma ba kasafai ake ganinsa ba. An lissafa shi a matsayin wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa ba a cikin ''Dokar Kare Nau'in Barazana ta 1995.'' A ƙarshe, ''Hickmanoxyomma gibbergunyar'' wanda aka fi sani da Mole Creek Cave Harvestman nau'in troglobite ne, wanda ke cikin yawancin tsarin kogo a yankin Mole Creek, kuma yana da alaƙa da Mole Creek Karst. An kuma lissafa wannan nau'in a matsayin wanda ba kasafai ake samunsa ba a cikin ''Dokar Kare Nau'in Barazana ta Tasmanian ta 1995.'' Akwai nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta, algae da fungi da ke da alaƙa da kogo waɗanda ake kyautata zaton suna da hannu a cikin tsiro da girma na ƙwayoyin cuta da amorphous speleothem. Ga jerin wasu nau'ikan halittu da ke cikin Mole Creek Karst National Park; duka a cikin kogo, da kuma cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar, masu rauni da kuma waɗanda ba kasafai ake samun su ba a ƙarƙashin ''Dokar Kare Nau'in Barazana ta 1995.'' == Barazanar == === Yawon shakatawa a Mole Creek Karst National Park === Yawon shakatawa wani abu ne mai kaifi biyu a cikin wannan wurin shakatawa na ƙasa. Duk da cewa yawon bude ido muhimmin nau'i ne na samun kudin shiga don tabbatar da ci gaba da kulawa da kula da wurin shakatawa, da kuma muhimmin bangare na ilimi game da duniyar halitta, da kuma kiyaye tsirrai da namun daji a cikin wurin shakatawa na Mole Creek na kasa, shi ma babban barazana ne. Yawancin darajar yawon bude ido na Mole Creek Karst National Park ya fito ne daga tsarin kogo. Muhalli a cikin waɗannan tsarin kogo yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma a rufe yake, kuma tasirin da ke ƙara yawan ayyukan ɗan adam ya riga ya kasance, kuma zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai muni ga rayuwa da nasara na dogon lokaci ga nau'ikan flora da fauna da yawa, da kuma abubuwan al'ajabi na halitta masu ban mamaki da ke cikin waɗannan kogo. <ref name="clarke2013">{{Cite journal |last=Clarke |first=D |date=2013 |title=The impact of cave lighting on the bioluminescent display of the Tasmanian glow-worm Arachnocampus tasmaniensis |url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:284770/UQ284770_post_print.pdf |journal=Tasmanian RFA Environment and Heritage Technical Committee |volume=Journal of Insect Conservation |issue=17 |pages=147–153 |doi=10.1007/s10841-012-9493-0}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="russel2008">{{Cite journal |last=Russel |first=M |last2=MacLean |first2=V |date=2008 |title=Management issues in a Tasmanian tourist cave: Potential Microclimate impacts of cave modifications |journal=Journal of Environmental Management |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=474–483 |doi=10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.012 |pmid=17368916}}</ref> Nau'ikan da ke zaune a cikin kogo suna iya lalacewa ko kuma su mutu cikin sauƙi ta hanyar masu ziyartar kogo. Mutanen da ke ziyartar kogo za su iya murkushewa, lalatawa da lalata tushen abinci da muhimman wuraren zama na nau'ikan kogo, sannan kuma za su iya kashe nau'ikan halittu masu wahalar rayuwa da ke zaune a cikin kogo. Tattake benaye da yawa da baƙi ke yi shi ma yana daure ƙasa sosai wanda hakan ke sa ta zama wurin zama ga nau'ikan halittu. <ref name="eberhard2001">{{Cite journal |last=Eberhard |first=S |date=2001 |title=Cave fauna monitoring and management at Ida Bay, Tasmania |journal=Records of the Western Museum |issue=64 |pages=97–104}}</ref> Wani abu da ke jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido kowace shekara shine kyakkyawan samuwar speleothems da ke cikin kogon, wanda aka fi sani da stalagmites da stalactites, da kuma calcite mai walƙiya wanda ke ƙawata ganuwar kogon da yawa. Duk da haka, waɗannan kyawawan halittu na halitta suna da laushi kuma suna da sauƙin lalacewa da lalatawa. Masu ziyara a Georgies Hall, kogon Honeycomb 1 da kuma Kogon Tailender sun riga sun haifar da mummunan lahani, kuma a wasu lokuta, lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ga speleothems da tsarin calcite a cikin kogo, ta hanyar bin diddigin laka da datti a saman wurare masu laushi ta hanyar rashin mannewa kan hanyoyin da aka yi wa alama, ko kuma saboda binciken kogo mara alhaki. <ref name="eberhard2001" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kc9qvzyf5a29qqukukkd8kvi3oda53c 0 170504 965922 953391 2026-10-10T20:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox musical artist|<!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->}}'' María Amaral Lallana''' ([[Zaragoza]], Aragon, Spain 4 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1972) mawaƙiya ce kuma marubuciya a ƙasar Spain, kuma memba ce ta ƙungiyar Amaral tare da Juan Aguirre . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |title=Amaral Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/amaral-p512674 |access-date=18 August 2011 |website=[[AllMusic]] |quote=Amaral are a Spanish pop/rock band who began topping the national charts with remarkable frequency after the turn of the century}}</ref> Ta yi karatun zane-zane a makarantar zane-zane ta [[Zaragoza]], kuma yayin da take karatu ita ce mai bugawa a cikin ƙungiyar Bandera Blanca . A shekara ta 1993, ta sadu da guitarist Juan Aguirre, memba na ƙungiyar Días De Vino Y Rosas, kuma tare, sun kafa ƙungiyar Amaral . Sun koma [[Madrid]] kuma daga baya sun sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Virgin Records . Sun yi rikodin kundin studio masu nasara kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin tallafi ga kide-kide na Lenny Kravitz na Mutanen Espanya. An haɗa waƙoƙinsu Rosa de la Paz a cikin rikodin don tallafawa wadanda ke fama da jirgin ruwa na Prestige, kuma suna yin a zanga-zangar Nunca Mais a [[Madrid]]. Moby ya yi tare da Eva Amaral a kan waƙar "Escapar", sigar Mutanen Espanya na waƙar Amaral "Slipping Away". Beto Cuevas, mutumin gaba tare da ƙungiyar Chilean "La Ley" ya shiga Amaral a kan waƙar su "Te Necesito". Pajaros En La Cabeza shine sanannen kundin su. == Iyali == Mahaifinta, Isidoro Amaral, an haife shi ne a [[Spain]]" id="mwJg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres, Spain, kuma shi ne mai gudanar da ƙungiyar kiɗa, duk da cewa ba ya son kiɗa. <ref name="soylo">{{Cite web |last=Lu |date=2 March 2010 |title=Soy lo que soy Amaral: En la revista Psychologies sale Eva en portada y viene una entrevista |url=http://soyloquesoyamaral.blogspot.com.es/2010/03/en-la-revista-psychologies-sale-eva-en.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=Soy lo que soy Amaral}}</ref> Ya mutu a shekarar 1998. Mahaifiyarta, Carmen Lallana (1943-2007) ta mutu a Zaragoza a 2007. Iyayenta ba sa son cewa 'yarsu ta yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa, amma sun yarda da shi kuma sun ƙare suna son shi.<ref name="soylo" /> Tana da 'yar'uwa babba, wacce "ta gabatar da ni ga Beatles" da kuma Simon da Garfunkel music". == Tarihin rayuwa == Ko da yake wasu mutane sun yi imanin cewa an haife ta ne a 1973,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eva Amaral — Música gratuita. videos, conciertos, estadísticas y fotos en Last.fm |url=https://www.last.fm/es/music/Eva+Amaral |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.last.fm |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AMARAL – Discographie – Albums – Tracks |url=http://www.laurentpons.com/amaraltracks.htm |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.laurentpons.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ta tabbatar da cewa ta cika shekaru 40 a shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaral {{!}} Biography, Albums, Streaming Links {{!}} AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/amaral-mn0000017857 |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=AllMusic}}</ref> ''"Na cika shekaru 40 kuma ina jin mafi aminci da ƙarfi fiye da shekaru 20 da suka gabata".''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ávalos |first=Almudena |date=13 October 2012 |title=Eva Amaral se rinde a la estética de los 70 |url=http://smoda.elpais.com/articulos/amaral-rock-en-el-vestuario/2541 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015114341/http://smoda.elpais.com/articulos/amaral-rock-en-el-vestuario/2541 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |website=ElPais}}</ref> Ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana da farin ciki tun tana yarinya kuma ba ta taɓa son yin wasa da 'yan tsana ba. Maimakon haka, za ta buga kiɗa tare da dan uwanta. Ta bayyana cewa tana jin kunya kuma a matsayin matashiya, ta ji kamar weirdo kuma tana da rashin tsaro da yawa.<ref name="soylo" /> Tun tana ƙarama, ta koya wa kanta yin kara. Da farko, ta yi tunanin ba za ta iya raira waƙa ba, amma da zarar ta fara ta fahimci cewa raira waƙa hanya ce mai ƙarfi don sadarwa fiye da drum.<ref name="mujerhoy" /> She studied in Zaragoza at the school "Romareda".<ref name="soylo" /> Afterwards, she studied volume techniques in the art school of Zaragoza. Meanwhile, she also worked as a bartender in "Azul Rock Café". She began to study lyrical singing when she realized that she wanted to become a singer. First, she took lessons in a civic center, but the teacher was fascinated by her voice and she sent her to her master. "''Her lessons were very expensive and I did not have much money...''".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} She was asked to audition and the master admitted her with a discount. === Yin aiki tare da Juan Aguirre === <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Eva da Juan sun hadu a 1992 a bayan wani mashaya a Zaragoza. A wannan lokacin, ta buga kara a cikin ƙungiyar punk-rock ta gida da ake kira "Bandera Blanca" kuma ita ce jagora guda ɗaya na wata ƙungiyar da ake kira"Lluvia Ácida". Tun daga farko, akwai soyayya, abota da kiɗa tsakanin su biyu. Sun shiga cikin dukkan mashaya da ke yin wasan kwaikwayo. Sun kasance tare na tsawon shekaru biyar kafin duk ya fara. Bayan haka, sun fara yin wasu tafiye-tafiye zuwa Madrid sannan suka fara zama a can dan kadan, suna barci a wuraren abokai, suna aiki a masana'antar abinci da yawa yayin da suke yin "Libertad 8", "San Mateo 6", "El Rincón del Arte Nuevo" da "La Boca del Lobo". Wata rana, Jesús Ordovás ya gayyace su zuwa Rediyo 3 kuma wani lokaci daga baya, wani mutum daga kamfanin Virgin ya halarci daya daga cikin kide-kide kuma ya yanke shawarar yin aiki tare da su. Sa'an nan, wata rana a cikin 1997, sun yanke shawarar zama a Madrid. == Ayyukan kiɗa == === Farawa da nasara === A cikin 1998, Eva da Juan sun sanya hannu tare da kamfanin Virgin-EMI kuma a ranar 18 ga Mayu, an saki kundi na farko. Sun kira shi "Amaral" kuma Pancho Varona da Paco Bastante ne suka samar da shi. Sunan ƙungiyar shine ra'ayin Juan, wanda ya ɗauki sunan karshe na Eva, duk da cewa ba ta son shi da farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=García y Nieto |first=Karlos |date=October 2011 |title=Amaral, "Hacia lo salvaje" y la perfección |url=http://www.musicaquintanar.com/amaral-%E2%80%9Chacia-lo-salvaje%E2%80%9D-y-la-perfeccion/ |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=Música Quintanar |language=es-ES |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728035755/http://www.musicaquintanar.com/amaral-%E2%80%9Chacia-lo-salvaje%E2%80%9D-y-la-perfeccion/ |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, bayan yawon shakatawa don gabatar da kundi na farko, ta yi rikodin ta biyu a London. An kira shi "Una pequeña parte del mundo" (Ƙananan ɓangaren duniya) kuma ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 13, 12 da ƙungiyar ta rubuta da kuma waƙar "Nada de nada" ta Cecilia. A wannan lokacin, Cameron Jenkins ne ya samar da kundin, wanda ya yi aiki tare da The Rolling Stones, George Michael da Elvis Costello. Eva ta sadu da shi a rikodin kundin Enrique Bunbury, wanda ta yi aiki tare. Cameron yana son muryarta mai ban mamaki tun lokacin da ya ji shi kuma ya ba da shawarar ƙungiyar su yi aiki tare da shi. Jenkins ya samar da dukkan kundin su har zuwa shekara ta 2008. A shekara ta 2001, karamar hukumar Zaragoza ta ba Eva Amaral taken "dan ƙasa mai daraja".<ref>{{Cite web |last=DIGITAL |first=GRUPO ARAGÓN |date=9 October 2001 |title=Amaral, profeta en su tierra |url=http://www.aragondigital.es/noticia.asp?notid=2370 |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.aragondigital.es}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi rikodin kundi na uku a Landan, wanda ake kira "Estrella de mar" (Starfish). Wannan shi ne mafi kyawun mai sayarwa a Spain a 2002 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heras |date=1 June 2011 |title=Directamente Música: AÑO 2.002: EL EFECTO OT SE MEZCLA CON AMARAL, SABINA, BUNBURY... |url=http://directamentemusica.blogspot.com.es/2011/06/ano-2002-el-efecto-ot-se-mezcla-con.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=Directamente Música}}</ref> kuma mafi kyawun kundin ƙungiyar ya zuwa yanzu, bayan ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 2. Kundin ya bayyana a matsayin lamba 24 a cikin jerin "The 50 best Spanish rock albums", wanda mujallar Rolling Stone ta yi. Sun yi rangadin shekaru biyu inda suka ba da kide-kide sama da 200 kuma sun taka leda a matsayin ƙungiyar goyon baya a cikin kide-kiide na Lenny Kravitz. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin shekara ta 2003, Eva ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wani ɗan gajeren fim na Andreu Castro mai suna "Flores para Maika" (Flowers for Maika). === Lokaci mai wuya na "Pájaros en la cabeza" === A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2004, Eva da Juan sun tafi London, inda suka rubuta kundi na huɗu, wanda ake kira "Pájaros en la cabeza" (Head in the Clouds). An saki kundin a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2005 kuma sun fara rangadin a watan Yuni a Salamanca . Bayan haka, sun ci gaba da yawon shakatawa a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], [[Chile]] da [[Argentina]]. Amaral ya tsaya a Barcelona don yin rikodin kide-kide kuma ya saki shi a kan DVD. An kira shi "El comienzo del big bang" (Farkon babban bang). "Pájaros en la cabeza" shi ne kundin da aka fi siyarwa a Spain a shekara ta 2005, a cewar SGAE (Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Comercio |first=El |date=24 January 2006 |title=Amaral encabeza la lista de discos más vendidos, con Melendi en el noveno puesto |url=http://www.elcomercio.es/pg060124/prensa/noticias/Sociedad/200601/24/GIJ-SOC-152.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.elcomercio.es}}</ref> {{Blockquote|After ‘Pájaros en la cabeza’ we toured and it was a long and hard phase. It was all too much to handle. Suddenly, there was a lot of people around us who made us be worried about a lot more things than music, so we decided to detach ourselves from all that. We wanted to reflect on it and live a little. ... Eva has shown me that she is very brave and she stays true to herself, against the interests of the market.<ref name=elmundo>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/05/30/cultura/1212142587.html|title=Amaral, fieles a sí mismos {{!}} elmundo.es|last=Mundinteractivos|website=www.elmundo.es|access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>}} Yawon shakatawa na "Pájaros en la cabeza" ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro, don haka sun yanke shawarar ba da ƙananan kide-kide a kan yawon shakatawa mai zuwa, kuma tare da ƙungiyar da abokai suka kafa, ba masu sana'a ba. Juan ya bayyana cewa "''Ana buƙatar komawa ga asalin su''" kuma Eva ta kara da cewa "sun rayu cikin cikakken koma baya". === Fifth record and self-management === A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2007, yayin da ake yin rikodin "Gato negro-Dragón rojo", mahaifiyar Eva Amaral ta mutu kuma mawaƙan ba ta jin ƙarfin ci gaba.<ref name="rollingstone">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2012 |title=Cuando Amaral casi abandona la música en RollingStone |url=http://rollingstone.es/noticias/view/cuando-amaral-casi-abandona-la-musica |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707153452/http://rollingstone.es/noticias/view/cuando-amaral-casi-abandona-la-musica |archive-date=7 July 2012 |access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref> {{Blockquote|First, I thought that by locking myself in the studio I would get through it, but it was not that easy. But here we are, still standing on our feet, thanks to Juan, who really supported me. ... We thought about quitting. We did not do it, but we thought about it. [Juan also confirms that they almost quit:] It was a bad time and we thought that maybe this was not making us happy. We liked to make music but we did not like to be public figures. There are some things that happen to you that turn you into something like a puppet, like the one on the cover of “Pájaros en la cabeza”.<ref name=rollingstone/>}} A cikin waɗannan kwanakin mugunta, mai gabatarwa Scott Litt ya amsa imel ɗin da Juan ya aiko masa a baya. "Mun aiko masa da waƙa kuma ya ce muryar ta yi kama da ban mamaki kuma yana so ya gan mu. Ina firgita, na yi tunanin abin ban dariya ne", in ji Juan. Scott ya koma Madrid, inda ya yi aiki na makonni biyu tare da ƙungiyar. Amma Juan da Eva ba su iya shawo kan matsalar kansu ba don haka sun bayyana wa Scott kuma ya fahimci hakan kuma ya dakatar da aikin. "Mun yi tunanin cewa idan kun yi wani abu, dole ne ku yi shi da dukan zuciyarku kuma wannan ba shine mafi kyawun lokacinmu ba. Za mu fi so mu kwantar da raunukanmu da kanmu, muna kula da kanmu fiye da ƙungiyar", in ji Juan. A ƙarshe, Eva da Juan sun fara shekara ta 2008 suna yin sigar "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" ta Bob Dylan, waƙar gabatarwa don Expo Zaragoza 2008. Sunan sigar shine Llegará la tormenta . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaragoza |first=MATÍAS URIBE. |date=3 March 2008 |title=La tormenta Amaral cae en la Expo |url=http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/cultura/la_tormenta_amaral_cae_expo.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=heraldo.es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030022906/http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/cultura/la_tormenta_amaral_cae_expo.html |archive-date=30 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2008 aka saki kundi na biyar na duo daga Zaragoza tare da taken "Gato negro-Dragón rojo", faifai biyu tare da waƙoƙi 19. Gidan yawon shakatawa na 2008 ya fara ne a Zaragoza a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008. Sun kasance tare da sabon rukuni, wanda Coki Giménez (drums), Zulaima Boheto (cello), Octavio Vinck (acoustic guitar), Iván González (bass guitar) da Quique Mavilla (keyboard) suka kafa. A shekara ta 2009, sun sake yin wani yawon shakatawa wanda ya fara a watan Maris a Palau de la Música a Barcelona, wani kide-kide da aka haɗa a ''Bikin Guitar'' na birnin. A watan Yulin 2009, sun halarci kide-kide na MTV Spain Murcia Night, wanda aka yi bikin a Cartagena da bango na Carlos III da kuma fiye da mutane 35,000. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009, ta rufe zagaye na "Gato negro-Dragón rojo", Amaral ya buga CD + DVD / Blu-Ray guda biyu mai suna La barrera del sonido, wanda ya haɗa da kide-kide da aka rubuta a Palacio de los Deportes a Madrid a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, rufe kamar wannan lokacin don fara sabon rukuni tare da kundi na studio na gaba. {{Blockquote|... it´s an idea that came up in 2006 and we started doing in 2007. This year we´ve seen that it has caused interest. For us, it is a step forward" "it´s something that comes from long ago. We started the path of self-management with "Gato negro-Dragón rojo", but the idea that we had was already from many years ago. We had our ideal world where everyone can just manage themselves and keep everything more familiar. As I was saying, we started the last CD with our own brand but it was distributed by EMI but this year we´ve taken another step. The distribution is done by a small Spanish company and the truth is, we are very happy. We don´t have any kind of problem with EMI, in fact, we still have a good relationship with them.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://ocio.lne.es/agenda/noticias/nws-34355-un-musico-producto-lo-le-rodea-sociedad-influye-nosotros.html|title="Un músico es producto de lo que le rodea, es la sociedad la que influye en nosotros"|last=España|first=La Nueva|access-date=16 June 2017}}</ref>}} === Kyautar Kasa don Kiɗa na zamani === A ranar 27 ga Oktoba 2010, Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Spain ta ba Amaral lambar yabo ta II ta Kiɗa ta zamani ta 2010 don ''"taimako ga sabunta yanayin kiɗa na yanzu".'' Kyautar ta kunshi adadin Yuro 30,000. Masu juriya, karkashin jagorancin Janar Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha da Kiɗa ta Kasa (INAEM), Félix Palomero, sun hada da Dania Dévora, Rosa León, Diego Alfredo Manrique, Luis Mendo, Beatriz Pécker, Joan Manuel Serrat da Antonio Garde, mataimakin Darakta da Kiɗa da Dance na INAEM wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa. Ta hanyar wata sanarwa ta hukuma, ƙungiyar ta gode wa juri don kyautar kuma ta keɓe ta ga duk magoya bayansu. Hakazalika, sun gane juyin halitta (daga ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo zuwa manyan kide-kide) kuma suna ganin wannan kyautar a matsayin farawa don bi a cikin binciken "cikakken kide-kiide" da "mafi kyawun CD". An ba da kuɗin ga Gidauniyar Vicente Ferrer kuma za a yi amfani da shi don gina gidaje 16 a ƙauyen Madirebail, a Anantapur, da kuma tabbatar da karatun jami'a na dalibai 4. An ba da kyautar ne a ranar 12 ga Yulin 2011 a La Seu Vella (Lérida), a gaban Princes na Asturias a lokacin, Ministan Al'adu (Ángeles González-Sinde), mai ba da shawara kan Al'adu, da kuma magajin garin (Ángel Ros). Jordi Folgado ya tattara kyautar, a matsayin darektan Gidauniyar Vincente Ferrer . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benji |title=Voluntariado de Andalucía de la Fundación Vicente Ferrer: AMARAL DONA EL PREMIO NACIONAL DE MÚSICA |url=http://voluntariadoandaluciafvf.blogspot.com/2011/03/amaral-dona-el-premio-nacional-de.html |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=Voluntariado de Andalucía de la Fundación Vicente Ferrer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Noticias {{!}} Fundación Vicente Ferrer |url=http://www.fundacionvicenteferrer.org/es/noticias/jordi-folgado-recoge-el-premio-nacional-de-cultura-2010-concedido-amaral. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522141048/http://www.fundacionvicenteferrer.org/es/noticias/jordi-folgado-recoge-el-premio-nacional-de-cultura-2010-concedido-amaral. |archive-date=22 May 2013 |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=www.fundacionvicenteferrer.org |language=es}}</ref> === Rubuce-rubuce na shida a ƙarƙashin alamar mutum === "Hacia lo salvaje" shine sunan kundi na shida na ƙungiyar, wanda aka saki a ranar 27 ga Satumba 2011, tuni a ƙarƙashin sabon alamar da aka kirkira don ƙungiyar, wanda ake kira "Antártida" kuma ita kanta, Juan Aguirre da Juan de Dios Martín ta samar da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Hacia lo salvaje', el nuevo disco de Amaral {{!}} La voz de mi amo |url=http://blogs.heraldo.es/lavozdemiamo/?p=3627. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723132130/http://blogs.heraldo.es/lavozdemiamo/?p=3627. |archive-date=23 July 2014 |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=blogs.heraldo.es |language=es-ES}}</ref> Eva ta bayyana sunan alamar tana cewa {{Blockquote|Since we edited the CD with our own brand, it turned out that we didn´t have a name because we are a bit of a mess'' (laughs). ''We also didn´t care if it was our brand or Pepito Records'. We decided to name it "Antártida" because we were recording that song in the moment and it gave us the idea. We loved the image of the [[Antarctica]], a completely imagined place as we've never been there. However, we loved the whiteness, something so pure and so real that it dazzles you. It also reminded us of that blank paper you have to face every time you start to write a song.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/previsorabilbaina/docs/previaliamagazine7?backgroundColor=#222222|title=Previalia Magazine nº 7|work=issuu|access-date=16 June 2017|language=en|archive-date=19 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419183602/https://issuu.com/previsorabilbaina/docs/previaliamagazine7?backgroundColor=#222222|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} Gidan yawon shakatawa ya fara ne a Zaragoza 6 ga Oktoba, inda suka yi kide-kide biyar a jere tare da sayar da dukkan tikiti. "Hacia lo salvaje" an zaba shi a matsayin na uku mafi mahimmancin CD na Mutanen Espanya na 2011 ta mujallar Rolling Stone . <ref name="archivos">{{Cite web |title=Gira Archivos – Amaral |url=http://www.amaral.es/category/gira./ |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=Amaral |language=es-ES}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012, ta yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Mutanen Espanya Barón Rojo a cikin waƙar "La Reina Ácida" daga sabon kundin su "Tommy Barón". (Sunan Mutanen Espanya na waƙar "Acid Queen" ta The Who). <ref name="archivos" /> === Bikin cika shekaru 25 === A cikin 2023 ta yi a Sonorama Ribera don yin bikin cika shekaru 25 na aikinta na kiɗa tare da "waƙoƙi daga sabon kundin ta da waƙoƙi masu ban mamaki daga aikinta".Ta yi wani ɓangare na saitin ta ba tare da sutura ba don nuna hadin kai tare da wasu mawaƙa masu zanga-zangar ciki har da Rocío Saiz, Bebe, Rigoberta Bandini da Zahara ta amfani da aikinsu wajen kamfen don kare hakkin mata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qxydwv59wujfzj4z9tpxuy7tqi5hb2w 0 170605 965824 933760 2026-10-10T15:03:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''EarthSpark International''' kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta 501 (c) (3) wacce ke mai da hankali kan fadada damar samun [[Makamashi mai ɗorewa]] a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da sabis, musamman a Haiti. Kungiyar ta haɓaka ƙananan wutar lantarki masu amfani da hasken rana don samar da wutar lantarki mai aminci da araha a yankunan da ba su da kayan aikin makamashi na gargajiya a Haiti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=How to Turn Vacation Time Into a Life-Changing Career |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/150715-daniel-schnitzer-allison-archambault-earthspark-haiti-energy-innovators |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Science |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa EarthSpark International a cikin 2008 tare da manufar magance talauci na makamashi ta hanyar sabbin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-03 |title=Solar Micro-Grid Aims to Boost Power and Food in Haiti |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/131223-earthspark-solar-micro-grid-haiti |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=Science |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi aiki a kan rarraba fitilu masu amfani da hasken rana da murhun dafa abinci a farkon kafin ta mayar da hankali ga ƙananan ma'aunin al'umma. A cikin shekara ta 2012, EarthSpark ta ƙaddamar da ƙaramin wutar lantarki ta farko a garin Les Anglais a [[Haiti]], tana ba da wutar lantarki ga gidaje da kasuwancin da suka dogara da janareto masu tsada.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Expanding Rural Electricity Access in Haiti – USTDA |url=https://www.ustda.gov/success_story/expanding-rural-electricity-access-in-haiti/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tallafi da haɗin gwiwa == EarthSpark International ta sami tallafi daga hukumomin kasa da kasa da kungiyoyin ci gaba daban-daban. Hukumar Ciniki da Ci Gaban Amurka (USTDA) ta goyi bayan kokarin EarthSpark na fadada damar samun wutar lantarki a yankunan karkara a Haiti, tallafawa nazarin yiwuwar da taimakon fasaha don ci gaban micro grid.<ref name=":0" /> == Sanarwa == An san EarthSpark International saboda sabon aikinta na samun damar samar da makamashi mai ɗorewa. Kungiyar ta sami lambar yabo ta "Momentum for Change Award" daga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) don nuna godiya ga tsarin Electrification na Mata don haɗa la'akari da jinsi a cikin ci gaban makamashi na karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNFCCC Announces Momentum for Change Winners |url=https://sdg.iisd.org/news/unfccc-announces-momentum-for-change-winners/ |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=SDG Knowledge Hub |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/women-for-results/feminist-electrification |access-date=2025-03-03 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> == Manazarta == jj6vezvh4ka4dfdoh5jzptbs1771eec 0 170655 965880 953204 2026-10-10T16:16:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ejike Christopher Ugboaja | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1985|5|28}} | birth_place = Lagos, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | height_ft = 6 | height_in = 9 | weight_lb = 225 | position = Power forward | draft_year = 2006 | draft_round = 2 | draft_pick = 55 | draft_team = [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] | career_start = 2003 | career_end = 2016 | national_team = Nigeria }} '''Ejike Christopher Ugboaja''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1985) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ''power forward''. An haife shi a Najeriya kuma ya wakilci [[Nigeria national basketball team|ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya]] a manyan gasa na ƙasa da ƙasa, ciki har da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012. Bayan ya yi fice a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya, an zaɓe shi a zagaye na biyu na zaɓen ''NBA draft'' na shekarar 2006 da [[Cleveland Cavaliers]], a matsayi na 55 gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Rayuwa da farkon wasan ƙwallon kwando == An haifi Ugboaja a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1985. Bayanai na FIBA sun nuna cewa tsayinsa ya kai santimita 203 (ƙafa 6 da inci 8), yayin da bayanan NBA G League da Basketball-Reference suka rubuta tsayinsa a matsayin ƙafa 6 da inci 9, da nauyin fam 225. Ya fara samun suna a wasan ƙwallon kwando tun yana matashi a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A farkon aikinsa, Ugboaja ya taka leda a ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na Najeriya, ciki har da Yelwa Hawks da Union Bank. Shafin Ejike Ugboaja Foundation ya bayyana cewa ya fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a Youth Movement Christian Association, inda daga baya ya wakilci Kaduna State a National Sports Festival da aka gudanar a Ibadan a shekarar 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Ejike Ugbaoja |url=https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |website=Ejike Ugboaja Foundation |access-date=2026-09-13 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306013940/https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Union Bank == Ugboaja ya shiga Union Bank Basketball Club a shekarar 2004, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajintarsa a gasar Premier League ta Najeriya. Bisa bayanin da gidauniyarsa ta wallafa, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙungiyar, musamman wajen karɓar ''rebounds'' da zura maki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Ejike Ugbaoja |url=https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |website=Ejike Ugboaja Foundation |access-date=2026-09-13 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306013940/https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A gasar African Cup for Men's Champion Clubs ta shekarar 2005, Ugboaja ya wakilci Union Bank. FIBA ta nuna cewa ya buga wasanni bakwai a babban matakin gasar, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 11.6 da ''rebounds'' 7.7 da ''assists'' 0.6 a kowane wasa. A zagayen farko na gasar kuma ya buga wasanni shida, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 12.8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - Nigeria - Player profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == NBA Draft == A shekarar 2006, Ugboaja ya samu babban ci gaba a aikinsa lokacin da [[Cleveland Cavaliers]] ta zaɓe shi a zagaye na biyu na NBA Draft. An zaɓe shi da zaɓi na 55 gaba ɗaya a NBA Draft na 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Ugboaja Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft Status and more |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/u/ugboaej01.html |website=Basketball-Reference}}</ref> Zaɓensa ya kasance abin tarihi ga wasan ƙwallon kwando na Najeriya, saboda ya samu damar shiga tsarin NBA bayan ya yi fice a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Najeriya. Cleveland Cavaliers ce ta mallaki haƙƙinsa bayan zaɓen, amma bai buga wasan NBA na yau da kullum ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Ugboaja |url=https://stats.gleague.nba.com/player/201261/career |website=NBA G League}}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon kwando a Turai da sauran ƙasashe == Bayan zaɓensa a NBA Draft, Ugboaja ya ci gaba da aikinsa a ƙasashen waje. Ya samu damar buga wasan ƙwallon kwando a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda ya wakilci ƙungiyoyi daban-daban kafin daga baya ya koma wasu ƙungiyoyi a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Ugboaja |url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/u/ugboaej01.html |website=Basketball-Reference}}</ref> A shekarar 2009, ya taka leda a Azovmash Mariupol na Ukraine a gasar ƙwallon kwando ta Turai. Daga baya ya kuma kasance cikin 'yan wasan da suka shiga tsarin ƙwallon kwando na NBA Development League, inda ya buga wa Albuquerque Thunderbirds da Anaheim Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Ugboaja |url=https://stats.gleague.nba.com/player/201261/career |website=NBA G League}}</ref> NBA G League ta rubuta Ugboaja a matsayin ''forward'' mai tsayin ƙafa 6 da inci 9, nauyin fam 225, kuma ta nuna cewa ya buga wa Anaheim Arsenal. A bayanan aikinsa na G League, an nuna matsakaicin maki 5.0, ''rebounds'' 5.0 da ''assists'' 0.3 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Ugboaja Career Stats |url=https://stats.gleague.nba.com/player/201261/career |website=NBA G League}}</ref> == Tawagar Najeriya == Ugboaja ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka wakilci Najeriya a matakin ƙasa na tsawon shekaru. FIBA ta nuna cewa ya wakilci Najeriya a gasar All-Africa Games ta shekarar 2007, FIBA Africa Championship na 2007, 2009 da 2011, sannan ya shiga gasar neman gurbin Olympics ta 2012 da kuma gasar Olympics ta London 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A gasar All-Africa Games ta 2007, Ugboaja ya buga wasanni takwas, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 7.4 da ''rebounds'' 9.4 da ''assists'' 0.5 a kowane wasa. A wannan shekarar kuma, a FIBA Africa Championship, ya samu matsakaicin maki 9.7 da ''rebounds'' 4.8 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A FIBA Africa Championship na 2009, ya buga wasanni 11, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 6.5 da ''rebounds'' 5.0 a kowane wasa. Bayan shekaru biyu, a gasar FIBA Africa Championship ta 2011, ya kara nuna muhimmiyar rawa inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 10.4 da ''rebounds'' 8.6 da ''assists'' 1.0 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - Nigeria - Player profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/179-fiba-afrobasket/3360/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Wasannin Olympics na 2012 == Ugboaja ya kasance cikin tawagar Najeriya da ta shiga gasar ƙwallon kwando ta maza a [[2012 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na London 2012]]. Najeriya ta fafata da manyan ƙungiyoyin duniya a gasar, ciki har da Amurka, Argentina, Faransa da Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - Nigeria - Player profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/320-mens-olympic-basketball-tournament/5080/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A gasar Olympics ta 2012, Ugboaja ya buga wasanni huɗu. Ya samu jimillar maki 14 da ''rebounds'' 14 da ''assists'' biyu. Matsakaicin nasa ya kasance maki 3.5 da ''rebounds'' 3.5 da ''assists'' 0.5 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - Olympic Games 2012 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/320-mens-olympic-basketball-tournament/5080/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A wasan da Najeriya ta fafata da Amurka a ranar 2 ga Agusta 2012, Ugboaja ya buga mintuna 16, ya ci maki takwas daga cikin harbin 4 cikin 6, sannan ya dauki ''rebounds'' biyu. A wasan da Najeriya ta yi da Argentina kuma ya ci maki shida tare da ''rebounds'' shida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - Olympic Games 2012 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/320-mens-olympic-basketball-tournament/5080/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Matakin matasa na Najeriya == Kafin ya zama ɗan wasan babbar tawagar Najeriya, Ugboaja ya wakilci ƙasar a matakin matasa. A gasar FIBA U19 ta shekarar 2003, ya buga wasanni bakwai, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 9.6 da ''rebounds'' 10.4 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A shekarar 2004, ya buga wa Najeriya wasa ɗaya a FIBA U20 African Championship, inda ya ci maki 20 kuma ya samu ''efficiency'' 31 a wasan da ya buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja - U20 African Championship 2004 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/history/278-fiba-u20-afrobasket/2934/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A FIBA U21 World Championship na 2005, ya buga wasanni shida, inda ya samu matsakaicin maki 5.3 da ''rebounds'' 5.5 da ''assists'' 0.7 a kowane wasa. Wannan ya nuna cewa ya fara samun muhimmiyar rawa a ƙungiyoyin matasan Najeriya tun kafin ya koma babban matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Kano Pillars da Mark Mentors == A shekarar 2014, Ugboaja ya wakilci Mark Mentors a gasar FIBA Africa Cup for Men's Clubs. A wasanni biyar da ya buga, ya samu matsakaicin maki 15 da ''rebounds'' 11 da ''assists'' 0.6 a kowane wasa, tare da ''efficiency'' 16.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, ya koma Kano Pillars Basketball Club, inda ya buga wasanni bakwai a FIBA Africa Champions Cup. A wannan gasar ya samu matsakaicin maki 11.3 da ''rebounds'' 5.4 da ''assists'' 0.6 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Gidauniyar Ejike Ugboaja == Bayan aikinsa na ƙwallon kwando, Ugboaja ya kafa '''Ejike Ugboaja Foundation''', wata gidauniya da ke mayar da hankali kan taimaka wa matasa masu sha'awar ƙwallon kwando su samu damar haɓaka ƙwarewarsu da kuma ci gaba da karatunsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basketball |url=https://ejikefoundation.org/basketball/ |website=Ejike Ugboaja Foundation |access-date=2026-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423220728/https://ejikefoundation.org/basketball/ |archive-date=2025-04-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Gidauniyar ta bayyana cewa manufarta ita ce haɗa ci gaban ƙwallon kwando da ilimi, domin bai wa matasa 'yan wasa damar samun horo da kuma damar karatu a Amurka. Wannan aiki ya samo asali ne daga kwarewar Ugboaja a matsayin ɗan wasan Najeriya da ya samu damar shiga tsarin NBA bayan ya yi fice a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Ejike Ugbaoja |url=https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |website=Ejike Ugboaja Foundation |access-date=2026-09-13 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306013940/https://ejikefoundation.org/our-founder/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kididdigar tawagar ƙasa == {| class="wikitable" ! Shekara ! Gasar ! Wasanni ! Maki ! Rebounds ! Assists |- | 2007 | All-Africa Games | 8 | 7.4 | 9.4 | 0.5 |- | 2007 | FIBA Africa Championship | 6 | 9.7 | 4.8 | 0.5 |- | 2009 | FIBA Africa Championship | 11 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 0.5 |- | 2011 | FIBA Africa Championship | 7 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 1.0 |- | 2012 | Olympic Qualifying Tournament | 5 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 0.2 |- | 2012 | Olympics | 4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.5 |} Kididdigar FIBA ta nuna cewa a manyan gasa na ƙasa da ƙasa da aka rubuta a bayanansa, Ugboaja ya samu jimillar matsakaicin maki 7.1 da ''rebounds'' 6.0 da ''assists'' 0.5 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejike Christopher Ugboaja |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/143634-ejike-christopher-ugboaja |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7et34v35pw6kgjd2100tbxu45vmgvpw 0 170676 966115 933932 2026-10-11T10:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Grace Efosa | full_name = Grace Efosa-Aguebor | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|2002|5|27}} | birth_place = United States | nationality = Nigerian | height_ft = 5 | height_in = 9 | position = Shooting guard | current_team = Saint-Amand Hainaut Basket | number = 1 | college = Providence College | college_start = 2020 | college_end = 2025 | draft_year = | draft_round = | draft_pick = | national_team = Nigeria }} '''Grace Efosa''', cikakken sunanta '''Grace Efosa-Aguebor''', 'yar wasan ƙwallon kwando ce 'yar Najeriya wadda ke taka leda a matsayin ''shooting guard''. An haife ta a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2002, kuma tsayinta ya kai santimita 177. A shekarar 2026, ta wakilci Najeriya a [[FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup 2026|Gasar Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta 2026]], inda ta kasance cikin tawagar [[Nigeria women's national basketball team|D'Tigress]]. A lokacin gasar, FIBA ta sanya ta a ƙungiyar Saint-Amand Hainaut Basket ta Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa-Aguebor - Nigeria - Player Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-world-cup-2026/teams/nigeria/396236-grace-efosa-aguebor |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Rayuwa da karatu == Efosa ta girma a Lawrence, Massachusetts, Amurka, kuma ta yi karatunta na sakandare a Whittier Tech. A lokacin da take makarantar sakandare, ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon kwando, inda ta samu zaɓin Eagle-Tribune All-Star sau uku, sannan aka kuma ba ta lambar yabo ta Eagle-Tribune Most Valuable Player.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A kakar 2019–20 a Whittier Tech, Efosa ta samu matsakaicin maki 24.5, ''rebounds'' 8.0 da ''assists'' 6.0 a kowane wasa. Kafin wannan kakar, ta samu matsakaicin maki 23.4 a matsayin ''sophomore'' da maki 14.8 a shekararta ta farko. Ta taimaka wa makarantar ta lashe gasar lig sau biyu, a 2017 da 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> Baya ga ƙwallon kwando, Efosa ta kuma kasance 'yar wasan ''triple jump'' a matakin makaranta, inda ta samu zaɓi a matsayin ''All-State performer''. Ta kuma buga gasar AAU tare da ƙungiyar Evolution Basketball kafin ta shiga matakin jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> == Providence College == A shekarar 2020, Efosa ta shiga [[Providence College]] domin ci gaba da karatu da wasan ƙwallon kwando. Ta yi shekaru biyar a ƙungiyar Providence Friars daga 2020 zuwa 2025, inda ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar a shekarun ƙarshe na aikinta na jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Friar Grace Efosa Named To Nigeria's 2026 FIBA World Cup Roster |url=https://friars.com/news/2026/9/2/womens-basketball/former-friar-grace-efosa-named-to-nigerias-2026-fiba-world-cup-roster |website=Providence College Athletics |date=2 September 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kakar 2020–21, wato shekararta ta farko, Efosa ta buga wasanni 20 daga cikin 21 na Providence. Ta fara wasa ɗaya, kuma ta samu matsakaicin maki 2.4 da ''rebounds'' 2.4 a kowane wasa. A wasan da Providence ta doke Rhode Island da ci 76–50, ta ci maki shida tare da ''rebounds'' uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A shekarun da suka biyo baya, rawar Efosa a Providence ta ƙaru sosai. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zura maki a ƙungiyar, musamman daga kakar 2023–24 zuwa 2024–25, lokacin da ta fara samun yabo daga taron BIG EAST.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa Career Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/grace-efosa-1/gamelog/ |website=Sports-Reference}}</ref> == BIG EAST All-Tournament Team == A gasar BIG EAST ta shekarar 2024, Efosa ta samu wani muhimmin yabo lokacin da aka zaɓe ta cikin '''BIG EAST All-Tournament Team'''. Ta zama 'yar wasan Providence ta farko tun shekarar 1993 da aka saka cikin wannan tawaga ta musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIG EAST Tournament Game Notes vs. Georgetown |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-big-east-tournament-game-notes-vs-georgetown |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A wasanni biyu na gasar BIG EAST na 2024, Efosa ta samu matsakaicin maki 18.0, ''rebounds'' 6.5, ''assists'' 1.5 da ''steals'' 1.5 a kowane wasa. A wasan quarter-final da UConn, ta ci maki 23 tare da ''rebounds'' takwas, ''assist'' ɗaya da ''steal'' ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIG EAST Tournament Game Notes vs. Georgetown |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-big-east-tournament-game-notes-vs-georgetown |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> == BIG EAST Player of the Week == A ranar 29 ga Janairu 2024, an zaɓi Efosa a matsayin '''BIG EAST Player of the Week''' bayan ta jagoranci Providence zuwa nasarori biyu a cikin mako. A nasarar da Providence ta samu kan Villanova, ta ci maki 29, ta jefa 12 daga cikin harbe-harbe 23 daga filin wasa, sannan ta samu ''rebounds'' huɗu da ''steals'' biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Providence’s Efosa, Villanova’s Webber Earn BIG EAST Weekly Awards |url=https://www.bigeast.com/news/2024/1/29/womens-basketball-providences-efosa-villanovas-webber-earn-bigeastwbb-weekly-awards.aspx |website=BIG EAST}}</ref> A wasa na biyu na wannan makon da Xavier, Efosa ta ci maki 12, ta samu ''rebounds'' uku da ''assists'' uku. A wasannin biyu gaba ɗaya, ta samu matsakaicin maki 20.5, ''rebounds'' 3.5 da ''assists'' 2.0, tare da kashi 50 cikin 100 na nasarar harbin kwando daga filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Providence’s Efosa, Villanova’s Webber Earn BIG EAST Weekly Awards |url=https://www.bigeast.com/news/2024/1/29/womens-basketball-providences-efosa-villanovas-webber-earn-bigeastwbb-weekly-awards.aspx |website=BIG EAST}}</ref> == Kakar 2024–25 == Kafin fara kakar 2024–25, an zaɓi Efosa cikin '''Preseason All-BIG EAST Team'''. Ta shiga kakar ne bayan ta gama kakar 2023–24 a matsayi na biyu a Providence wajen zura maki, inda ta samu matsakaicin maki 12.7 da ''rebounds'' 5.5, tare da ''assists'' 1.4 da ''steals'' 1.4 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivia Olsen And Grace Efosa Named To Preseason All-BIG EAST Team |url=https://friars.com/news/2024/10/22/womens-basketball-olivia-olsen-and-grace-efosa-named-to-preseason-all-big-east-team |website=Providence College Athletics |date=23 October 2024}}</ref> A kakar 2024–25, Efosa ta fara dukkan wasanni 32 da Providence ta buga. Ta jagoranci ƙungiyar wajen zura maki da matsakaicin '''13.4 points per game''', sannan ta samu ''rebounds'' 4.3, ''assists'' 1.7 da ''steal'' 1.0 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A wannan kakar, ta ci maki biyu-biyu ko fiye a wasanni 22 daga cikin 32, sannan ta jagoranci Providence wajen wasannin da ta ci maki 20 ko fiye, inda ta samu irin waɗannan wasanni shida. A ƙarshen aikinta a Providence, ta kasance ta 28 a jerin waɗanda suka fi zura maki a tarihin ƙungiyar, da jimillar maki 1,115.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Maris 2025, an zaɓi Efosa cikin '''All-BIG EAST Second Team'''. A lokacin sanarwar, ta kasance ta 13 a taron BIG EAST wajen zura maki da matsakaicin 13.4 a kowane wasa, tare da 4.2 ''rebounds'' da 1.7 ''assists''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa And Olivia Olsen Earn All-BIG EAST Accolades |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-grace-efosa-and-olivia-olsen-earn-all-big-east-accolades |website=Providence College Athletics |date=6 March 2025}}</ref> == Kammala jami'a == Efosa ta kammala karatunta a Providence College a watan Mayu 2024 da digiri a fannin ''social science'', sannan ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ''global education''. Ta kammala aikinta na ƙwallon kwando a Providence bayan kakar 2024–25, inda ta bar makarantar da maki 1,115 a cikin wasanni 123 na aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> Bayanan Sports-Reference sun nuna cewa a wasanni 123 na aikinta a Providence, Efosa ta samu matsakaicin maki '''9.1''', ''rebounds'' '''4.1''' da ''assists'' '''1.2''' a kowane wasa, tare da kashi 40.1% na harbin kwando daga filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa Career Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/grace-efosa-1/gamelog/ |website=Sports-Reference}}</ref> == Tawagar Najeriya == A watan Satumba 2026, an zaɓi Efosa cikin jerin 'yan wasa 12 na Najeriya da za su fafata a [[2026 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup|FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup 2026]]. Providence College ta bayyana cewa wannan shi ne karo na farko da Efosa za ta samu ''official cap'' tare da babbar tawagar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Friar Grace Efosa Named To Nigeria's 2026 FIBA World Cup Roster |url=https://friars.com/news/2026/9/2/womens-basketball/former-friar-grace-efosa-named-to-nigerias-2026-fiba-world-cup-roster |website=Providence College Athletics |date=2 September 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wannan kiran ya sa ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu a tarihin Providence College women's basketball da ta shiga gasar Kofin Duniya ta FIBA. Najeriya ta shiga gasar 2026 a matsayin ƙasa ta takwas a jerin duniya, kuma an saka ta cikin rukuni na B tare da Hungary, Koriya ta Kudu da Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Friar Grace Efosa Named To Nigeria's 2026 FIBA World Cup Roster |url=https://friars.com/news/2026/9/2/womens-basketball-former-friar-grace-efosa-named-to-nigerias-2026-fiba-world-cup-roster |website=Providence College Athletics |date=2 September 2026}}</ref> == Gasar Kofin Duniya ta 2026 == A gasar Kofin Duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta 2026, FIBA ta rubuta Efosa da sunan '''Grace Efosa-Aguebor''', tare da tsayinta 177 cm da matsayinta na ''shooting guard''. A lokacin gasar, an sanya Saint-Amand Hainaut Basket ta Faransa a matsayin ƙungiyarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa-Aguebor - Nigeria - Player Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-world-cup-2026/teams/nigeria/396236-grace-efosa-aguebor |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A wasan farko na Najeriya da Koriya ta Kudu a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2026, Efosa ta buga mintuna 18, ta samu maki biyu da ''assist'' ɗaya. Najeriya ta ci gaba da fafatawa a rukuni na B a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa-Aguebor - Nigeria - Player Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-world-cup-2026/teams/nigeria/396236-grace-efosa-aguebor |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A wasan da Najeriya ta yi da Hungary, Efosa ta buga mintuna 10, yayin da a wasan da Faransa ta yi da Najeriya a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2026 ta samu babban wasan gasarta a wannan matakin, inda ta ci '''maki 15''' cikin mintuna 20. Ta jefa 4 daga cikin 7 na harbin filin wasa, ciki har da 2 daga cikin 4 na maki uku, sannan ta jefa 5 daga cikin 6 na ''free throws''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa-Aguebor - Nigeria - Player Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-world-cup-2026/teams/nigeria/396236-grace-efosa-aguebor |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> A cikin wasannin farko uku da bayanan FIBA suka nuna, Efosa ta tara maki 17, ''rebounds'' biyu da ''assists'' biyu a cikin mintuna 48. Wannan ya ba ta matsakaicin maki 5.7, ''rebounds'' 0.7 da ''assists'' 0.7 a kowane wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa-Aguebor - Nigeria - Player Profile |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-womens-basketball-world-cup-2026/teams/nigeria/396236-grace-efosa-aguebor |website=FIBA Basketball}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Efosa 'yar wasan ''guard'' ce wadda za ta iya taka rawa wajen kai hari da kuma taimakawa wajen sarrafa kwando. A lokacin aikinta a Providence, ta nuna iya zura maki, karɓar ''rebounds'', bayar da ''assists'' da yin ''steals'', musamman a shekarunta na ƙarshe a jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> A kakar 2024–25, misali, ta jagoranci Providence wajen zura maki da 13.4 a kowane wasa, yayin da ta samu 4.3 ''rebounds'', 1.7 ''assists'' da 1.0 ''steal''. Wannan ya nuna muhimmiyar rawar da take takawa a bangarorin kai hari da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa And Olivia Olsen Earn All-BIG EAST Accolades |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-grace-efosa-and-olivia-olsen-earn-all-big-east-accolades |website=Providence College Athletics |date=6 March 2025}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == * Eagle-Tribune All-Star sau uku a makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> * Eagle-Tribune Most Valuable Player.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> * BIG EAST All-Tournament Team — 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIG EAST Tournament Game Notes vs. Georgetown |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-big-east-tournament-game-notes-vs-georgetown |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref> * BIG EAST Player of the Week — Janairu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Providence’s Efosa, Villanova’s Webber Earn BIG EAST Weekly Awards |url=https://www.bigeast.com/news/2024/1/29/womens-basketball-providences-efosa-villanovas-webber-earn-bigeastwbb-weekly-awards.aspx |website=BIG EAST}}</ref> * Preseason All-BIG EAST Team — 2024–25.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olivia Olsen And Grace Efosa Named To Preseason All-BIG EAST Team |url=https://friars.com/news/2024/10/22/womens-basketball-olivia-olsen-and-grace-efosa-named-to-preseason-all-big-east-team |website=Providence College Athletics |date=23 October 2024}}</ref> * All-BIG EAST Second Team — 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa And Olivia Olsen Earn All-BIG EAST Accolades |url=https://friars.com/news/2025/3/6/womens-basketball-grace-efosa-and-olivia-olsen-earn-all-big-east-accolades |website=Providence College Athletics |date=6 March 2025}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikinta a Providence == {| class="wikitable" ! Kakarsa ! Wasanni ! Maki a wasa ! Rebounds a wasa ! Assists a wasa |- | 2020–21 | 20 | 2.4 | 2.4 | — |- | 2024–25 | 32 | 13.4 | 4.3 | 1.7 |- | Jimillar aiki | 123 | 9.1 | 4.1 | 1.2 |} Bayanan Providence da Sports-Reference sun nuna cewa Efosa ta kammala aikinta na jami'a bayan wasanni 123, da maki 1,115 gaba ɗaya. A kakar ƙarshe ta 2024–25, ta fara dukkan wasanni 32 da Providence ta buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa - Women's Basketball |url=https://friars.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/grace-efosa/9911 |website=Providence College Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grace Efosa Career Game Log |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/grace-efosa-1/gamelog/ |website=Sports-Reference}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4j7sln78gnmxbzfv7jhzhcr3yecon2y 0 170768 966034 961847 2026-10-11T02:12:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''G. N. R. Kumaravelan''' Kumaravelan darektan fina-finai ne na Indiya, wanda ya fi yin aiki a masana'antar fina-finan Tamil. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga daraktoci [[Balu Mahendra]] da [[Kamal Hasan|Kamal Haasan]] a wasu fina-finai, Kumaravelan ya fara aikin darakta da fim ɗin ''[[Ninaithale Inikkum (2009 film)|Ninaithale Inikkum]]'' a shekarar 2009. Fim ɗinsa na biyu shi ne ''[[Yuvan Yuvathi]]'', wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2011. Fim ɗinsa na uku, ''[[Haridas (2013 film)|Haridas]]'' (2013), ya sa aka zaɓe shi don [[Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil|Kyautar Filmfare ta Darakta Mafi Kyau – Tamil]]. == Ayyuka == === 1980s-1990s: Rayuwa ta farko, aiki === Kumaravelan ɗan tsohon darekta [[G. N. Rangarajan]] ne, wanda ya yi aiki tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Kamal Hasan|Kamal Haasan]] a fina-finai da dama, ciki har da ''[[Kalyanaraman (1979 film)|Kalyanaraman]]'' (1979), ''[[Meendum Kokila]]'' (1981) da ''[[Maharasan]]'' (1993). Kumaravelan ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta a ƙarƙashin [[Balu Mahendra]] a fim ɗin ''[[Sathi Leelavathi (1995 film)|Sathi Leelavathi]]'' (1995), sannan ya kuma yi aiki a wasu fina-finan [[Kamal Hasan|Kamal Haasan]] da ba a kammala su ba, wato ''Ladies Only'' da ''[[Marudhanayagam]]''. . Fim na farko na Kumaravelan shine fim din wasan kwaikwayo na asiri na 2009 ''Ninaithale Inikkum'', sake fasalin Tamil na fim din Malayalam na 2006 Classmates . Fim din ya fito ne daga Sun Pictures kuma ya yi fice a ofishin jakadancin. Daga nan sai ya fara shirye-shirye a fim din da ke nuna R. Madhavan a matsayin jagora, amma aikin bai cika ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2015 |title=I\'m not writing a script or screenplay: Maddy - Sify.com |url=http://www.sify.com/carnaticmusic/season2003/fullstory.php?id=14918378 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101720/http://www.sify.com/carnaticmusic/season2003/fullstory.php?id=14918378 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2009 |title=Madhavan turns script writer - Tamil News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/madhavan-turns-script-writer-tamil-news-51118 |website=IndiaGlitz.com |access-date=13 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225205449/https://www.indiaglitz.com/madhavan-turns-script-writer-tamil-news-51118 |archive-date=25 December 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fim dinsa na biyu shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya, ''Yuvan Yuvathi'' wanda ke nuna Bharath, Rima Kallingal da Santhanam . Fim din ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa bayan an sake shi a watan Agustan 2011, tare da mai sukar da ya lura cewa "Yuvan Yuvathi yana jin kamar an cika shi da abinci mara kyau. Wataƙila za ku sake fitowa", <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-26 |title=Yuvan Yuvathi Review&nbsp;— Tamil Movie Review by Rohit Ramachandran |url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8294/tamil/yuvan-yuvathi/3289/review.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714110443/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8294/tamil/yuvan-yuvathi/3289/review.htm |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=2011-08-26 |publisher=Nowrunning.com}}</ref> kodayake Malathi Rangarajan daga The Hindu ya ce, "A predictable amma mai daɗi ƙarshen labarin soyayya wanda ke haskakawa da makamashi na matasa!".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malathi Rangarajan |date=27 August 2011 |title=It's a carnival out there |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/cinema/article2403063.ece |access-date=14 February 2012 |website=The Hindu}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 2013-22: ''Haridas'' da kuma aikinsa na baya === Kumaravelan daga nan ya ci gaba da yin ''Haridas'' (2013), fim din wasan kwaikwayo wanda Kishore da Sneha suka fito da shi wanda ke kewaye da batutuwan kula da yaro mai cutar autism, wanda Prithviraj Das ya buga. Fim din ya buɗe ga sake dubawa mai kyau daga masu sukar, tare da Sify.com yana lura da cewa fim din "ya yi fushi da zuciyarku, kuma yana ƙarfafa ku da ku yi tunani kuma ya sa ku kalli yara masu nakasa daban. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-21 |title=Haridas review by Sify |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/haridas-not-to-be-missed-review-tamil-15020600.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313095522/http://www.sify.com/movies/haridas-not-to-be-missed-review-tamil-15020600.html |archive-date=2013-03-13 |access-date=2013-02-21 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref>Sauran bita daga The ''Hindu'' sun kimanta fim din "ya cancanci a tallafa masa"., yayin da Behindwoods.com ya rubuta cewa fim din "kyauta ce mai daraja ga ƙaunar iyaye da sadaukarwa". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-23 |title=Haridas review by Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/film-review-haridas-story-of-action-and-emotions/article4446268.ece |access-date=2013-02-23 |website=The Hindu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227012234/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/film-review-haridas-story-of-action-and-emotions/article4446268.ece |archive-date=2013-02-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-23 |title=Haridas review by Behindwoods |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/haridas/haridas-movie-review.html |access-date=2013-02-23 |publisher=Behindwoods}}</ref>An amince da fim din a bukukuwan bayar da kyaututtuka da bukukuwan fina-finai, an zabi shi don kyautar Filmfare kuma ya sami matsayi na biyu a bikin fina-fukk da aka yi a Chennai International Film Festival na 11. A cikin shekara ta 2014, yana aiki a kan shirye-shiryen fim din da Vikram Prabhu ke taka rawa kuma ya kusanci Alia Bhatt don taka rawar mata. Koyaya, a watan Yunin 2014, masu samarwa sun dakatar da aikin suna mai da hankali kan matsalolin kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vikram Prabhu to team up with G.N.R. Kumaravelan |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-prabhu-to-team-up-with-gnr-kumaravelan-news-tamil-nlesX3hgabasi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009211926/https://www.sify.com/movies/vikram-prabhu-to-team-up-with-gnr-kumaravelan-news-tamil-nlesX3hgabasi.html |archive-date=9 October 2021 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alia Bhatt in promising director's new flick ? |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-14/alia-bhatt-to-romance-vikram-prabhu-in-gnr-kumaravelans-flick.html |website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> Masu samarwa sun sake fara aikin. An kira aikin ''Wagah'' wanda zai zama soyayya ta kan iyaka tsakanin sojan Indiya da yarinyar Pakistan. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Bayani |- |2009 |''Ninaithale Inikkum'' | |- |2011 |''Yuvan Yuvathi'' | |- |2013 |''Haridas'' |Har ila yau mawaƙa |- |2016 |''Wagah'' | |- |2022 |''Sinam'' | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|5936406}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0swnyoti3b4tq19pfri85a9kte4jkjw 0 170778 966037 961850 2026-10-11T02:31:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Gadsden Creek''' ita ce rafi na ƙarshe kusa da Brittlebank Park wanda ke kan tsibirin Charleston. Ko Gadsden Creek na yanzu iri ɗaya ne da kogin tarihi mai suna iri ɗaya ko kuma a maimakon haka rami mai laushi wanda aka sassaƙa daga cikin shara a cikin shekarun 1950 yana cikin rikici. Farawa a cikin 1952, birnin Charleston ya yi amfani da rafin 100-acre da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi a matsayin zubar da shara wanda ko dai ya cika tarihin Gadsden Creek ko ya rage rafin zuwa kadada huɗu. A cikin shekara ta 2015, shirye-shiryen da masu haɓaka ci gaban gidaje masu tsayi da ke kusa, WestEdge, don cika kogin da ya lalace ya haifar da gardama a birnin Charleston. Masu adawa da cika Gadsden Creek sun yi imanin cewa cika rafin ya hana al'ummar Gadsden Green wanda aka fi sani da Back Da Green na Afirka. Duk da yake masu goyon bayan shirin sun yi imanin cewa Gadsden Creek na zamani shine kawai "maimaitawa" na hanyar ruwa tare da alaƙa ta tarihi ga al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka kuma cewa cika rafin zai yanke gurɓataccen rafin daga shiga cikin Kogin Ashley. A cikin 2021, Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Muhalli ta Kudu Carolina ta amince da shirin WestEdge na cika rafin. == Tarihin rafin da yankin == [[File:Thomas_Gadsden_Tract.pdf|alt=|thumb|Gadsden Creek an haɗa shi a cikin farantin 1852 wanda ya raba dukiyar Thomas Gadsden don sake siyarwa.]] [[File:Gadsden_Creek_Map.jpg|alt=|thumb|An nuna Gadsden Creek a kan 1872 Bird's Eye View na Charleston a matsayin rafi da ke kewaye da kusurwar "Chesnut" (yanzu Hagood Ave.) da Allway Street. (Arewa tana dama a cikin wannan ra'ayi.) ]] Gadsden Creek sanannen wuri ne na yin iyo wanda ba a inganta shi ba a cikin ƙarni na goma sha takwas da na sha tara. Ya samo sunansa daga Thomas Gadsden, jikan Christopher Gadsden. Da farko a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara, gine-gine sun bayyana a kusa da wani yanki wanda aka sani da Butcher Town . A farkon shekarun 1920, wani yanki na Afirka da ake kira Fiddler's Green ya kasance inda Butcher Town ya taɓa tsayawa kusa da ɓangaren saman rafin. Yawancin gidajen Fiddler's Green sun lalace ta hanyar guguwa a 1938 kuma tarkace daga lalacewarsu sun cika wani ɓangare na rafin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tracing Gadsden Creek's Lost Meander {{!}} Maritime Research Division {{!}} University of South Carolina |url=http://www.artsandsciences.sc.edu/sciaa/mrd/node/445 |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=www.artsandsciences.sc.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727231439/http://www.artsandsciences.sc.edu/sciaa/mrd/node/445 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fiddler's Creek daga baya ya zama sananne da Gadsden Green kuma daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1970, birnin Charleston ya kwace ƙasa daga 'yan Afirka na Afirka a unguwar don gina gidajen jama'a.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=McCrady |first=Allston |title=Development is threatening a downtown wetland and concerned citizens are sounding the alarm. Can Gadsden Creek be saved? |url=https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/development-is-threatening-a-downtown-wetland-and-concerned-citizens-are-sounding-the-alarm/Content?oid=28797979 |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Charleston City Paper |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1958, magajin garin Charleston, William Morrison yana magana game da wannan tsari na cikawa a cikin rafin ya bayyana wa kwamitin Ways and Means na birnin cewa: {{Blockquote|"We [the city] are reclaiming more than 100 acres of marshland in the area between Spring Street and The Citadel on the Ashley River waterfront [the Gadsden Green neighborhood]. Numerous suggestions have been made as to the uses to which these properties should be put ... We are now producing through landfill development an average of 15 plus acres per year, when converted into cash means one-half-million dollars per year in city assets which, as I have said before, and I say again, is cash in the bank."<ref name=":5"/>}} Gadsden Creek ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin koguna da yawa a kan tsibirin Charleston, cibiyar tarihi ta birnin, amma yanzu ita ce kogin ƙarshe da ya rage. Daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970, birnin ya cika rafin da ba a haɗa shi ba na 100 acre da wuraren da ke kewaye da shi tare da kimanin fam miliyan 1.5 na shara.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Chloe |date=2020-07-17 |title=Gadsden Creek becomes a flashpoint in Charleston discussion on environmental justice |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/news/gadsden-creek-becomes-a-flashpoint-in-charleston-discussion-on-environmental-justice/article_8a40ece8-c5e9-11ea-b50e-df363e8bef92.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Post and Courier |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2020, rafin ya kunshi kadada huɗu kawai waɗanda ake la'akari da gurɓataccen gurɓata.<ref name=":5" /> Amma, ra'ayin cewa Gadsden Creek ko da rafi ne, ba tare da Gadsden River da aka rubuta a cikin asusun antebellum ba, ana jayayya. <ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Behre |first=Robert |title=A wetland, or drainage ditch to fill? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/a-wetland-or-drainage-ditch-to-fill/article_74bcfa0d-7075-58a9-be7a-1901d1512b59.html |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Post and Courier |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727232055/https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/a-wetland-or-drainage-ditch-to-fill/article_74bcfa0d-7075-58a9-be7a-1901d1512b59.html |archive-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen cikawa da jayayya mai gudana == A cikin shekara ta 2014, jami'an birni da masu haɓakawa sun ba da sanarwar shirin don aikin amfani da haɗin gwiwa wanda ya ƙunshi gidaje, wuraren ajiye motoci, da wuraren bincike na biotechnical tare da manufar cewa zai zama "cibiyar duniya don bincike".<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bowers |first=Paul |title=Officials say mixed-use biotech project would bring 3,000 residential units, generate $1 billion in investment |url=https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/developers-say-mixed-use-biotech-project-would-bring-3000-residential-units-generate-1-billion-in-investment/Content?oid=4927600 |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Charleston City Paper |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Charleston |first=WestEdge |title=WestEdge Launched as World Class Research Community to Help Advance Economic Future of Charleston, SC |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/westedge-launched-as-world-class-research-community-to-help-advance-economic-future-of-charleston-sc-300080310.html |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>A lokacin sanarwar Gundumar Horizon daga baya aka sake masa suna WestEdge makomar Gadsden Creek ba ta da tabbas.<ref name=":2" /> Amma, a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 2015, Gidauniyar Horizon Project ta nemi izini tare da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Kula da Muhalli ta Kudu Carolina don cika mafi yawan rafin da kankare da kuma gina ramin ruwa don maye gurbin aikin ramin. A watan Yunin 2021, DHEC ta amince da shirin cika rafin.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-23 |title=DHEC gives 'green light' for WestEdge Foundation to cap Gadsden Creek |url=https://www.counton2.com/news/local-news/dhec-gives-green-light-for-westedge-foundation-to-cap-gadsden-creek/ |access-date=2021-06-30 |website=WCBD News 2 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701144721/https://www.counton2.com/news/local-news/dhec-gives-green-light-for-westedge-foundation-to-cap-gadsden-creek/ |archive-date=2021-07-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kungiyar Injiniyoyi tana da maganganun karshe kan ko za a cika rafin.<ref name=":8" /> === Masu adawa da masu goyon baya === Wata kungiya da ake kira Friends of Gadsden Creek an kafa ta ne a shekarar 2018 don adawa da shigar da rafin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Donahue |first=Lillian |date=2019-07-24 |title=Concern grows over possible Gadsden Creek development in downtown Charleston |url=https://www.live5news.com/2019/07/24/concern-grows-over-possible-gadsden-creek-development-downtown-charleston/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Live 5 News |language=en-US}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi imanin cewa shirye-shiryen WestEdge na cika kogin Gadsden ya hana 'yan Afirka na yankin da ake kira Gadsden Green (wanda aka fi sani da Back Da Green kuma cewa gwaje-gwaje masu gurɓataccen da kamfanonin da mai haɓaka ya hayar suka gudanar ba abin dogaro ba ne.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The Issue |url=https://friendsofgadsdencreek.com/issue |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Friends of Gadsden Creek |language=en-US}}</ref> Birnin Charleston ya hayar kamfaninsa na muhalli don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje wanda za a saki a watan Agusta 2020.<ref name=":6" /> Wakilin jihar, Wendell Gilliard, ya fito ne a kan shirin WestEdge a shekarar 2019. Gilliard ya bayyana cewa ya yi imanin cewa shirin na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Andrew |date=2019-07-02 |title=Charleston lawmaker wants SC regulators to deny wetlands permit at WestEdge |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/business/charleston-lawmaker-wants-sc-regulators-to-deny-wetlands-permit-at-westedge/article_0f568aa2-9cea-11e9-9efe-6f3bd8a99df1.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Post and Courier |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, rahoton kula da ambaliyar ruwa na Dutch Dialogues da ke tallafawa birnin bai ba da shawarar a cika Gadsden Creek ba. Shugaba na Gidauniyar WestEdge, Michael Maher, ya rubuta don tallafawa shirin kungiyarsa cewa abin da ake ganin shi ne Gadsden Creek na tarihi a zahiri rami ne na kewayon kuma cewa:   Yawancin kungiyoyin muhalli da farko sun yi adawa da cika kogin, gami da Charleston Waterkeeper da Coastal Conservation League . <ref name=":5" /> Amma a cikin 2019, manyan daraktocin kungiyoyin biyu sun fitar da wani labari da ke nuna goyon baya ga shirin WestEdge. Sun bayyana cewa "kogin yau ba shi da wani abu iri daya" tare da kogin a cikin shekarun 1940, cewa gurɓataccen sa yana haifar da babbar haɗari ga mutane da namun daji da ke zaune a kusa, kuma kogin ba ya fita ta halitta. Bugu da ƙari, sun ambaci alkawarin WestEdge na inganta magudanar ruwa a yankin da kuma dawo da kadada ashirin a cikin wannan ruwa kamar yadda "yi ma'ana" ga shafin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cantray |first=Laura |last2=Wunderley |first2=Andrew |date=2019-07-15 |title=Conservationists: No simple solutions for Gadsden Creek |url=https://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/no-simple-solutions-for-gadsden-creek/Content?oid=28850877 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Charleston City Paper |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2020, shugabannin Abokan Gadsden Creek sun soki kungiyoyin biyu saboda matsayinsu da kuma rashin bambancin ma'aikatan su da kwamitin su.<ref name=":6" /> == Manazarta == qsp9w3tj91ep88nfshih21jr5lrq5l0 0 170900 965810 934592 2026-10-10T14:31:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Mount_King_William_I_20171121-015.jpg|right|thumb| Dutsen Sarki William da na gani daga Babbar Hanyar Lyell]] '''Dutsen Sarki William na ɗaya''' (mita 1,324) dutse ne da ke kusa da babbar hanyar Lyell a [[Tsaunukan Tsakiya (Tasmania)|tsakiyar tsaunukan Tasmania]]. Yana nan a lamba 10&nbsp;kilomita kudu maso yamma da gadar Derwent . Ita ce mafi arewa a cikin King William Range. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mt King William I |url=https://bootsnall.sutas.org.au/Pages/20160319_King_WilliamI.htm |access-date=2018-06-26 |website=bootsnall.sutas.org.au |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327111752/http://bootsnall.sutas.org.au/Pages/20160319_King_WilliamI.htm |archive-date=2018-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana da sunaye biyu a cikin King William Range - Mount King William II (1363) da Mount King William III. Sau da yawa wurin tunawa ne ga 'ƙarshen' ɓangaren da ake zaune a ɓangaren yamma na babbar hanyar Lyell domin babu wani gini na dindindin har zuwa Linda ; yana cikin iyakar gabas ta wurin shakatawa na kogunan daji na Franklin-Gordon. Akwai kuma [[Madatsar ruwan Clark|tafkin King William]], kudu da gadar Derwent. An rufe shi a [[Madatsar ruwan Clark|Butlers Gorge]], ƙarshen kudu. An sanya wa Dutsen Sarki William suna ne a lokacin tafiyar John Franklin zuwa yamma a shekarar 1842, kodayake sarkin da ke kan mulki a zahiri Sarauniya Victoria ce. William Piguenit ya zana shi yayin da yake tafiya a yankin a shekarun 1880. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount King William from Lake George, Tasmania [picture] |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-134342883 |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=Trove |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == tsi04exh6f74qfqkazcf02054eeug5c 0 170907 965808 934610 2026-10-10T14:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Olympus''' [[Tsauni|dutse]] ne da ke cikin Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park a Tasmania, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] . Shi ne dutse na 24 mafi tsayi a Tasmania, tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|1472|m}} sama da matakin teku kuma yana da nisan kimanin {{Convert|8|km}} Kudu maso Gabas na [[Dutsen Gould (Tasmania)|Dutsen Gould]] da kuma kimanin {{Convert|4|km}} yamma da Tafkin St. Clair . == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1835, George Frankland ya hau dutsen ya kuma sanya masa suna Dutsen Olympus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2004 |title="A Walk in the Park": Tasmania - Leeawuleena (Lake St Clair) National Park |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/features/walkpark/prog10.htm |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=abc.net.au |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |quote=He [Frankland] climbed up to the mountain on 12th February, 1835. ... So, he named Mt Olympus because he thought it truly was the place of the Gods, and he named a lot of other features using names from Greek Mythology}}</ref> == Zane-zane == [[File:Wc_Piguenit_-_Mount_Olympus,_Lake_St_Clair,_Tasmania,_the_source_of_the_Derwent_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|left|thumb|275x275px| Dutsen Olympus, Tafkin St Clair, Tasmania, tushen Derwent]] An zana Dutsen Olympus ta hannun mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Australiya, William Charles Piguenit . [[Gidan zane-zane na New South Wales|Gidan Tarihi na New South Wales]] ne ya saya shi a shekarar 1875 kuma shine farkon sayen fenti mai a Gidan Tarihi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection:Mount Olympus, Lake St Clair, Tasmania, the source of the Derwent |url=https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/6141/ |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=artgallery.nsw.gov.au |publisher=Art Gallery of New South Wales}}</ref> "aikin farko na Australiya da aka saya ta hanyar biyan kuɗi na jama'a", kuma aikin farko da gidan Tarihi na wani mai fasaha ɗan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya ya saya. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1 January 2014 |title=An Artist in the Wilderness: Piguenit and the Australian Landscape |url=https://tasmaniangeographic.com/an-artist-in-the-wilderness/ |journal=Tasmanian Geographic |issue=11 |access-date=15 June 2017 |quote=We need to focus on Piguenit's painting of Mount Olympus because it was the first work by an Australian-born artist to be acquired, in 1875, by the Art Gallery of NSW.}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wani zane-zanen Olympus na Piguenit yana hannun [[Laburaren Kasa na Ostiraliya|Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mt. Olympus, Lake St. Clair, Tasmania, 1878 [picture] / W.C. Piguenit. |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/26334997?selectedversion=NBD2292634 |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> == Flora == Ronald Campbell Gunn ne ya fara tattara Nothofagus gunnii a shekarar 1847 daga Olympus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HO:HO 6492: Preserved specimen of Nothofagus gunnii recorded on 1847-01-05 |url=http://biocache.ala.org.au/occurrences/89d9097d-e923-4a93-8ec0-aece8a58f4a0 |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=biocache.ala.org.au |publisher=National Research Infrastructure for Australia}}</ref> Itace "itacen da ke da sanyi a Ostiraliya wanda ke da sanyi a lokacin hunturu", ana samunsa galibi a yankunan da ke sama da mita 800 tare da ruwan sama sama da 1800mm, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tsire-tsire da ke nuna Gondwana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deciduous beech, or Fagus, Nothofagus gunnii |url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/?base=3244 |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=parks.tas.gov.au |publisher=Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service}}</ref> ==Manazarta== klxp06t7mtubsjdkkbgyhgtif4rxaec 0 171024 966031 935107 2026-10-11T01:21:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frants Philip Hopstock''' (15 Nuwamba 1746 - 8 Oktoba 1824) firist ne ɗan ƙasar Norway . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife shi a Kongsberg a matsayin ɗan forester Andreas Christian Hopstock (1695-1751) da matarsa Maren, wacce aka haifa a matsayin Hofmann Krogh. Iyayensa biyu sun mutu tun yana ƙarami. Frederik Arentz (1702-1779) ne ya rene shi, wanda shi ne bishop na Diocese na Bjørgvin . Ya kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Cathedral ta Bergen a shekarar 1764 kuma ya fara karatu a Jami'ar Copenhagen yana shiga jami'a a shekarar 1764 kuma ya kammala karatunsa da cand.theol. digiri a shekarar 1772. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jon Gunnar Arntzen |title=Hopstock |url=https://snl.no/Hopstock |access-date=November 1, 2017 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frantz Philip Hopstock |url=https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Frantz_Philip_Hopstock |access-date=November 1, 2017 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bokhylla. 1790-tallet - opplysning, fornuftstro og religion |url=http://www.nb.no/bokhylla/1790/1790_tallet_opplysning_fornuftstro_og_religion/forfatterliste_hj |access-date=7 November 2009 |publisher=[[National Library of Norway]] |language=Norwegian}}</ref> Ya kasance babban firist a Skovger da Vale kafin ya zama shugaban cocin Vale a shekarar 1790. A shekara ta 1797 ya zama mai duba a sabuwar makarantar malamai da aka kafa a Tønsberg . Frants Philip Hopstock shi ma abokin Yarima Frederick na Denmark da Norway ne, wanda ya ziyarce shi a Vale a shekarar 1798. Yarima Mai Jiran Gado ya taka rawa wajen naɗa Hopstock a matsayin vicar a Toten . Daga shekara ta 1798 ya zama vicar a Tønsberg, amma an wargaza makarantar hadiman malamin a shekara ta 1802. Ya kasance vicar a Toten daga 1808 har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Oktoba 1840. [1] A cikin Satumba 1772 ya auri Anna Elisabeth Lorentzen (1744-1826) daga Holmstrand . 'Yarsa Louise Juliane Catharine Hopstock ta auri bishop Mathias Sigwardt daga baya daga 1792 har zuwa mutuwarta a watan Nuwamba 1815. Sigwardt ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da sashen ilimi da kuma mai duba makarantun sakandare a ƙarƙashin Frants Philip Hopstock. == Manazarta == t51y4zzv481ltb8ttjcpbsejp7k1z5e 0 171188 965890 935719 2026-10-10T17:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ellendale''' yanki ne na karkara a yankin karamar hukumar (LGA) na [[Majalisar Tsakiyar Highlands|Tsakiyar Tsaunuka]] a yankin Tsakiyar Ƙaramar Hukumar Tasmania. Yankin yana da nisan {{Convert|22|km}} kudu maso yammacin garin Hamilton. Kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar 2016 ta nuna cewa akwai mutane 241 a yankin Ellendale da ke jihar. Ƙauye ne a Tasmania 75&nbsp;kilomita daga Hobart a cikin kwarin [[Kogin Derwent (Tasmania)|Derwent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tasmania Central |url=http://www.tasmaniacentral.tas.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=275 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719110421/http://www.tasmaniacentral.tas.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=275 |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=10 June 2008}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Ellendale a matsayin wurin zama a cikin shekarar 1959. An sanya wa wurin suna ne saboda matar Nicholas John Brown, wanda shi ne Ministan Filaye da Ayyuka lokacin da aka yi bincike a wurin. <ref name="Placename">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Placenames Tasmania – Ellendale |url=https://www.placenames.tas.gov.au/#p1 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website= |publisher=Placenames Tasmania |at=Select “Search”, enter "987F", click “Search”, select row, map is displayed, click “Details”}}</ref> An buɗe Ofishin Wasiƙa na Ellendale a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1880. <ref name="Post Office">{{Cite web |last=Phoenix Auctions History |title=Post Office List |url=http://www.phoenixauctions.com.au/cgi-bin/wsPhoenix.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=TAS&filter=*Ellendale* |access-date=6 February 2021 |publisher=Phoenix Auctions}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Kogin Derwent (Tasmania)|Kogin Derwent]] (Tafkin Meadowbank) wani ɓangare ne na iyakar arewa maso gabas, yayin da Kogin Broad ya samar da arewa maso yamma. Kogin Jones yana ratsawa daga kudu zuwa arewa. == Kayayyakin Hanya == Hanya C608 (Titin Ellendale) tana ratsawa daga arewa zuwa kudu maso gabas. <ref name="Placename" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=May 2017 |title=Tasmanian Road Route Codes |url=https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/Route%20Descriptions%20V3.6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801112712/http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/Documents/Route%20Descriptions%20V3.6.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-01 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website= |publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment |quote=}}</ref> == Manazarta == hjxr7mdyzx9t64t63rrh6dfnygnqotg 0 171229 966049 961869 2026-10-11T04:14:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Neves Leighton''' (an haife shi '''George Neves Leitão'''; 22 ga Oktoba, 1912 - 6 ga Yuni, 2018) ya kasance alƙali ne na Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na gundumar Amurka na Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Arewacin Illinois . <ref name="aareg">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=George Leighton became U.S. District Court Judge |url=http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/george-leighton-became-us-district-court-judge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024013127/http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/george-leighton-became-us-district-court-judge |archive-date=2012-10-24 |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=African American Registry}}</ref> An san shi da ɗaukar shari'o'in da suka shafi gidaje, jefa kuri'a, da sabis na juriya, musamman idan waɗannan shari'oʼin sun shafi kai tsaye ta hanyar rashin adalci, musamman wariyar launin fata.<ref name="isba">{{Cite web |last=Swanson Jr. |first=Alfred M. |date=n.d. |title=A life in the law: George N. Leighton, 1912-2018 |url=https://www.isba.org/sections/bench/newsletter/2018/06/alifeinthelawgeorgenleighton1912201 |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Illinois State Bar Association}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi George Neves Leitão da tagwayensa Georgina a New Bedford, [[Massachusetts]] a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1912, ga Ana Silva Garcia da António Neves Leitao, baƙi daga [[Cape Verde]]">Brava, Cape Verde.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Collins T. |date=2007 |title=The oral history of George Neves Leighton, retired District Court Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois |url=https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/OralHistories/Oral%20%20History%20of%20George%20Neves%20Leightion.pdf |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Library of the U.S. Courts of the Senate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115063857/https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/OralHistories/Oral%20%20History%20of%20George%20Neves%20Leightion.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Blackpast">{{Cite web |last=Burgo |first=Barbara |date=2018-07-04 |title=GEORGE NEVES LEIGHTON (1912–2018) |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/leighton-george-neves-1912-2018/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Black Past}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2009 |title=Juiz de origem cabo-verdiana homenageado nos EUA |url=http://asemana.sapo.cv/spip.php?article38270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718163524/http://asemana.sapo.cv/spip.php?article38270 |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=March 4, 2009 |publisher=[[A Semana]] online |language=pt}}</ref> A gida, iyalin suna magana da Crioulo . <ref name="magazine">{{Cite web |last=Robert |first=Amanda |date=2010-07-02 |title=Profile: 'The most remarkable lawyer or judge that I've ever met' |url=https://www.chicagolawyermagazine.com/elements/pages/print.aspx?printpath=/Archives/2010/07/01/profile-07-2010&classname=tera.gn3article |access-date=2021-11-13 |publisher=Chicago Lawyer Magazine}}</ref> An sanya sunansa zuwa "Leighton" bayan wani malami ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za ta iya furta sunansa na karshe "Leitão" ba.<ref name="aareg" />Leighton ya bar makaranta bayan aji na shida don yin aiki tare da mahaifinsa yana karɓar cranberries, strawberries, da blueberries.<ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="pollard">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=A Biographical Sketch of George N. Leighton |url=https://www.jonathanpollard.org/2001/100501c.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018110122/https://www.jonathanpollard.org/2001/100501c.htm |archive-date=2021-10-18 |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Jonathan Pollard}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a kan tankar mai wanda ya tashi daga Fall River, Massachusetts zuwa Aruba.<ref name="pollard" /> Ya karanta sosai a duk lokacin da yake yaro kuma ya fara halartar makarantar dare ta hanyar Gudanar da Ayyuka tun daga 1934 don biyan bashin difloma.<ref name="pollard" /><ref name="remembering">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-27 |title=Remembering Judge George Leighton |url=https://www.congress.gov/crec/2018/06/27/modified/CREC-2018-06-27-pt1-PgS4500.htm |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Congress}}</ref> == Ilimi da soja == A shekara ta 1936, Leighton ya lashe $ 200 daga Asusun Gudanar da Nazarin Tunawa da Cape Verdean kuma ya nemi [[Jami'ar Howard]]. <ref name="pollard" /><ref name="magazine" /> Da farko an ƙi shi, amma F.D. Wilkinson, mai rajistar makarantar, ya amince ya bar shi ya shiga matsayin dalibi mara digiri, kuma idan zai iya tabbatar da cewa zai iya cin nasara ba tare da karatun sakandare ba, jami'ar za ta canza matsayinsa zuwa neman digiri. <ref name="pollard" /> Don ƙara rikitar da al'amuran, Leighton ya tuna da rashin fahimta game da harshen Ingilishi kafin ya halarci Howard.<ref name="Blackpast" /> Duk da wannan, ya sanya Dean's List a lokacin semester dinsa na farko kuma an sanya shi dan takara don digiri.<ref name="magazine" /><ref name="remembering" /> Ya kasance a cikin Dean's List kowane semester har sai da ya kammala ''Magna cum laude'' tare da bachelor's a tarihi a 1940. <ref name="magazine" /> <ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="isba" /> Yayinda yake a Howard, daya daga cikin 'yan uwansa Kappa Alpha Psi ya ba da shawarar shi ga matsayin Mataimakin Dean of Men, wanda ya ba shi gidaje da karatu kyauta.<ref name="chess">{{Cite web |last=Shabazz |first=Daaim |date=2018-08-14 |title=Judge George Leighton, chess veteran, passes at 105 |url=https://www.thechessdrum.net/blog/2018/08/14/judge-george-leighton-chess-veteran-passes-at-105/ |access-date=2021-11-13 |publisher=The Chess Drum}}</ref> An kuma shigar da shi cikin Phi Beta Kappa kuma ya sami kwamiti daga AROTC na Howard.<ref name="remembering" /><ref name="chess" /><ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="neal">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=George N. Leighton |url=https://www.nealandleroy.com/george-n-leighton |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Neal & Leroy}}</ref> James McCauley Landis, Dean na Harvard Law School, ya ba shi tallafin karatu na shekara ta farko kuma ya shigar da shi.<ref name="pollard" /> Yaƙin Duniya na II ya fara ne a shekara ta biyu kuma an tura shi Fort Benning a [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]] a watan Maris na shekara ta 1942. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvia |first=Michael |date=2021-06-28 |title=Fort Taber Flag to honor Judge George N. Leighton WWII Veteran and Fierce Civil Rights Advocate |url=https://www.newbedfordguide.com/fort-taber-flag-to-honor-judge-george-n-leighton-wwii-veteran-and-fierce-civil-rights-advocate/2021/06/28 |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=New Bedford Guide}}</ref> A ƙarshen asali, an tura shi zuwa Fort Huachuca a [[Arizona]] kafin ya tashi zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar sojan ƙasa ta 93 .<ref name="neal" /><ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Mitch |date=2018-06-15 |title=George N. Leighton, Lawyer Who Fought Segregation, Dies at 105 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/15/obituaries/george-leighton-dies-chicago.html |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Ya zama kyaftin din soja kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Bronze Star, lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service, da Asiatic Pacific Service Metal, da kuma Combat Infantry Badge don hidimarsa.<ref name="chess" /><ref name="neal" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Warden |first=Rob |date=2018-06-11 |title=Remembering an icon, and longing to make America great again |url=https://www.injusticewatch.org/commentary/2018/remembering-an-icon-and-longing-to-make-america-great-again/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Injustice Watch}}</ref> Bayan yakin ya ƙare a 1945, ya koma Makarantar Shari'a kuma ya sami LL.B. digiri a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="pollard" /> == Ayyukan lauya == Ya wuce Massachusetts Bar a 1946; sannan, ya burge cewa an zabi dan majalisa na Black William Dawson a matsayin mukamin gwamnati, ya koma [[Chicago]] kuma ya wuce Illinois Bar a 1947.<ref name="isba" /><ref name="Blackpast" /> Shekaru na farko a matsayin lauya an yi amfani da su a cikin aikin sirri, gami da Christopher C. Wimbish . <ref name="bostonva">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-20 |title=WWII Veteran Turns 105 at VA Boston's CLC |url=https://www.boston.va.gov/features/WWII_Veteran_Turns_105_at_VA_Boston_s_CLC.asp |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=Bsoston VA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115063858/https://www.boston.va.gov/features/WWII_Veteran_Turns_105_at_VA_Boston_s_CLC.asp |archive-date=2021-11-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga 1947 zuwa 1952, ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Democrat ta Uku; sannan aka zabe shi Mataimakin Babban Lauyan Jiha Illinois a shekarar 1949.<ref name="historymakers">{{Cite web |date=2002-05-30 |title=The Honorable George N. Leighton |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/honorable-george-n-leighton |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=The History Makers}}</ref> Ya yi wa'adi biyu kuma ya bar a 1951 don ya kafa Moore, Ming, da Leighton (daga baya McCoy, Ming, and Leighton), ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lauyoyin baƙar fata a Amurka.<ref name="pollard" /><ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="chess" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=George Leighton, District Court Judge born |url=https://aaregistry.org/story/george-leighton-district-court-judge-born/ |access-date=2021-11-12 |publisher=African American Registry}}</ref> Har yanzu Chicago tana da bambanci sosai a wannan lokacin kuma bai iya hayar ofis daga wani farar fata ba, don haka ya koma Kudancin Side kuma ya yi aiki a kusa da Comiskey Park. <ref name="isba" /> <ref name="remembering" /> Yawancin abokan cinikinsa sun kasance matalauta sosai don biyan ayyukansa, don haka sau da yawa yana aiki kyauta, kuma lokacin da aka biya shi, yawanci yana tsakanin $ 50 da $ 100. <ref name="isba" /> <ref name="magazine" /> A shekara ta 1964, Magajin garin Chicago Richard J. Daley ya nemi Leighton ya tsaya takarar alƙali na Kotun Da'ira; an zabe shi a shekara ta 1964 kuma ya ci nasara da raguwa duk da cewa shi kadai ne baƙar fata a kan tikitin Democrat na mutum 18.[1][2][3] Ya fara koyarwa a Makarantar Shari'a ta John Marshall a shekara mai zuwa; daga baya ya shiga cikin shawo kan Ƙungiyar Lauyoyi ta Amurka don ci gaba da ba da izini ga shirye-shiryen shari'a na maraice.[1][4][3] A shekara ta 1969, Walter V. Schaefer, Babban Alkalin Kotun Koli ta Illinois, ya nemi Leighton ya karɓi aiki a Kotun daukaka kara ta Illinois a Gundumar Farko ta Illinois.[3] Ya yarda kuma ya yi aiki a wannan rawar na tsawon shekaru 11. [2] [3][4] Shi ne baƙar fata na farko da aka nada a wannan mukamin.[5][2][6] A shekara ta 1975, an sake tuntubarsa don samun ci gaba.[6] Charles H. Percy, Sanata na Jamhuriyar Republican a Illinois, ya ba da shawarar Leighton ga Shugaba Gerald Ford a matsayin alƙalin Kotun Gundumar Amurka.[5][2][6][7] An rantsar da Leighton a gaban Majalisar Dattijai mai sarrafawa na Jamhuriyar Republican kuma ya rike mukamin har zuwa 1987, lokacin da matarsa Virginia ta yi rashin lafiya kuma ya sauka daga benci.[3][8][6] An sanya shi Babban Alkalin a shekarar da ta gabata.[9] Ya zama mai ba da shawara ga Neal & Associates (yanzu Neal & Leroy), wani kamfani mai mallakar 'yan tsiraru, don samun isasshen kuɗi don kula da lafiyar Virginia da ke kusa da rana kuma kawai ya bar aikin a 2011 yana da shekaru 99.[6][7][5][8] Leighton sau da yawa yakan yi tafiya zuwa Kudu don samar da shawara ta shari'a, musamman kan batutuwan kare hakkin bil'adama.<ref name="ct">{{Cite web |last=O'Connell |first=Patrick M. |last2=Olumhense |first2=Ese |date=2018-06-07 |title=George Leighton, criminal courthouse namesake, recalled as inspiration for generations: 'His work is enduring' |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/obituaries/ct-met-george-leighton-dies-20180606-story.html |access-date=2021-11-13 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Ya yi amfani da kafadu tare da sanannun masu sana'a na Black; ya jagoranci lauyoyi da yawa na Chicago ciki har da [[Barack Obama]] kuma a wani lokaci yana da [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] a matsayin abokin ciniki.<ref name="Blackpast" /><ref name="chess" /><ref name="isba" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] 1w2ey2v0y1xtgl433jo7w2117uhk52g 0 171310 965807 936112 2026-10-10T14:20:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nallamalas''' (kuma ana kiransa '''Nallamalla Range''' ) wani yanki ne na Gabashin Ghats wanda ya zama iyakar gabas na yankin Rayalaseema na jihar [[Andhra Pradesh]] da gundumar Nagarkurnool na jihar [[Telangana]] a [[Indiya]] . Suna gudana a cikin layi kusan arewa-kudu, a layi ɗaya da gabar tekun Coromandel na kusan 430&nbsp;kilomita tsakanin kogunan, Krishna da Pennar. Iyakokin arewacinta suna da alamar kwarin Palnadu mai faɗi yayin da a kudu kuma tana haɗuwa da tsaunukan Tirupati. Tsarin da ya tsufa sosai, tuddai sun yi ta lalacewa sosai tsawon shekaru. Matsakaicin tsayin da ake da shi a yau shine kimanin mita 520 wanda ya kai mita 1100 a Bhairani Konda da kuma mita 1048 a Gundla Brahmeswara. Duk waɗannan tsaunukan suna arewa maso yamma daga garin Cumbum . Akwai kuma wasu kololuwa da yawa sama da mita 800. <ref name="gazetteer">{{Cite web |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 18, page 346 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_352.gif |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606122435/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_352.gif |archive-date=2024-06-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Akwai wurare da dama a cikin wannan dajin kamar Ahobilam da kwarin Tungabhadra. == Ilimin ƙasa == Duwatsun da ke cikin tsaunukan Nallamala suna cikin tsarin Kadapa wanda jerinsa kusan 20,000 ne. ƙafa mai kauri. Manyan duwatsun suna da siffar quartzite da aka lulluɓe da siffar slaty mara daidaituwa. Ana kuma samun wani dutse mai yashi. Duwatsun da ke nan ba su da tsari sosai kuma suna da laushi, don haka ba za a iya amfani da su a kasuwanci ba. Waɗannan duwatsu suna cikin tsofaffin duwatsu a duniya kuma an samar da su ne sakamakon manyan ayyukan aman wuta na ɗaruruwan miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata. Shaidar ƙarfin aman wuta a bayyane take a cikin naɗewar da aka tilasta wa duwatsun.<ref name="gazetteer" /> Zamanin duwatsu: proterozoic == Yanayi == Nallamalas suna da yanayi mai dumi ko zafi a duk shekara. Matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan 90&nbsp;cm kuma yana da yawa a cikin watannin damina na Kudu maso Yamma (Yuni-Satumba). Duwatsun da suka fashe suna hana ruwa shiga ƙarƙashin ƙasa, don haka yawancin ruwan yana gudana yayin da rafuffukan tsaunuka ke haɗuwa da Kogin Gundlakamma, babban kogi da ya taso a waɗannan tsaunuka. Lokacin sanyi galibi yana da sanyi da bushewa, matsakaicin zafin jiki yana kusa da digiri 25 na Celsius. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi sosai, inda yanayin zafi ya kai digiri 45 na Celsius. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Nallamalla_forests_at_Srisailam.jpg|alt=Nallamalla forests at Srisailam| Dajin Nallamalla a Srisailam File:Nallamallafar.JPG|alt=The Nallamallas from a distance during the dry season| Nallamallas daga nesa a lokacin rani File:Sunflowernallamalla.JPG|alt=Sunflower cultivation at the foot of Cumbum at the Nallamalas| Noman sunflower a gindin Cumbum a Nallamalas File:Afternoon_in_Nallamalla_forest_Krishna_River.jpg|alt=After noon in Nallamalla Forest| Bayan rana tsaka a cikin Dajin Nallamalla File:Start_of_the_Nallamala.JPG|alt=The railway curves into the Nallamalas at the Nandikamma Pass, Cumbum| Hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta shiga cikin Nallamalas a Nandikamma Pass, Cumbum File:Cumbum_Lake_1.JPG|alt=A view of the Cumbum Lake| Ra'ayin Tafkin Cumbum File:Nallamalla_forests_at_Ahobilam_01.jpg|alt=Nallamalla forests at Ahobilam| Dajin Nallamalla a Ahobilam File:Ugra_stambham_rock_at_Ahobilam_02.jpg|alt=Ugra stambham rock at Ahobilam| Ugra stambham dutse a Ahobilam File:Nallamalla_hills_on_rainy_day_01.jpg|alt=Nallamalla hills on rainy day near Atmakur| Tuddan Nallamalla a ranar da ake ruwan sama kusa da Atmakur File:Chenchu_tribal_hunting.jpg|alt=Chenchu tribal hunting picture from Nallamala Hills| Hoton farautar kabilar Chenchu daga tsaunin Nallamala File:Pre_Historic_Mid_Krishna-Tungabhadra_Valley_sites.jpg|alt=Pre Historic Mid Krishna-Tungabhadra Valley sites| Shafukan Kwarin Krishna-Tunghadra na Pre Historic File:Morning_in_Nallamalla_Forest.jpg|alt=Morning in Nallamalla Forest| Safiya a Dajin Nallamalla File:Tribals_staying_in_Nallamalla_Forest.jpg|alt=Tribals staying in Nallamalla Forest| Kabilu da ke zaune a dajin Nallamalla File:Evening_at_Nallamala.jpg|alt=view on Sun set time| duba lokacin da rana ta faɗi File:Trek_to_Ugra_stambham_at_Ahobilam.jpg|alt=Trek to Ugra stambham at Ahobilam in Nallamala Forests| Tafiya zuwa Ugra stambham a Ahobilam a cikin Dajin Nallamala File:View_From_Boat_Jouney_towards_caves.jpg|alt=View From Boat Journey towards caves|Duba Daga Tafiya Daga Jirgin Ruwa zuwa Kogo File:Dirt_road_along_Nallamala_Forests_near_Ahobilam.jpg|alt=Dirt road along Nallamala Forests near Ahobilam| Hanyar datti a kan dazuzzukan Nallamala kusa da Ahobilam </gallery> == Yawan Jama'a == Rashin daidaiton ƙasa da ƙarancin ruwa sun hana ci gaban kowace manyan birane a wannan yankin. [[Nandyal]] ita ce birni mafi girma a wannan yankin. Al'ummar 'yan asalin ƙasar sun ƙunshi Chenchus, wata ƙabila da ke zaune a daji wadda ta kasance ba ta da nisa da duniyar zamani har ma a yau. Noma ita ce babbar sana'ar mutanen da ke cikin tsaunukan yayin da Chenchus har yanzu mafarauta ne. Tuddai sun kasance wurin da ayyukan Naxal suka fi daukar hankali har zuwa kwanan nan. Matakin da 'yan sanda suka ɗauka tun daga shekarar 2005 ya share su gaba ɗaya. == Sufuri == Babbar hanyar jiha da layin [[Nallapadu-Nandyal]] na sashen layin dogo na Guntur sun ratsa ta tsaunuka. Layin dogo na Madras da Southern Mahratta ne suka fara gina layin dogo kuma aikin injiniya ne, yana da ramuka biyu a Bogada da Chelama da kuma wasu hanyoyin shiga jirgin ƙasa kaɗan, mafi shahara shine hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa ta Dorabavi da aka yi watsi da ita yanzu. Layin dogo yana shiga tsaunuka a hanyar Nandikama kusa da tafkin Cumbum. Babbar hanyar tana bin tsarin zigzag kuma don haka tana guje wa duk wani rami. Babban kayan da ake fitarwa daga wannan yanki sune amfanin gona na daji kamar sharar katako, zuma da molasses. == Wuraren sha'awa == Srisailam a kan Kogin Krishna wurin ne aka yi babban aikin wutar lantarki na ruwa, kuma tsohon haikalin da aka keɓe ga Ubangiji Shiva . Mahanandi haikalin da Ahobilam Nava Narsimha Temples suna nan. Wani rafi yana saukowa daga ƙololuwar Gundla Brahmeswara kuma ya ƙare a cikin wani ruwa mai tsarki da tafki mai suna Nemaligundam (Peacock Pool). Ruwan ruwan Mallela Theertham da ke kan kogin Krishna shi ma yana cikin wannan dajin. Tafkin Cumbum yana ɗaya daga cikin tafkuna mafi tsufa da aka yi a Asiya kuma ya samo asali tun ƙarni na 15. Sarakunan Gajapati na Orissa ne suka gina shi don ban ruwa kimanin mita 420.&nbsp;gonaki mai nisan kilomita ² ta hanyar toshe wata kunkuntar mashiga tsakanin tsaunuka biyu da ke makwabtaka da ita, daga baya sarauniya Vardarajamma ta masarautar Vijayanagara ta gyara ta a ƙarni na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 11, page 74 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=11&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_080.gif |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120193214/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?volume=11&objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_080.gif |archive-date=2023-01-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == omwmt2do3yh34ce5rx73vdeptnwqjj9 0 171442 966065 953588 2026-10-11T06:26:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Fallingwater3.jpg|thumb| Gidan tarihi na Fallingwater gidan tarihi ne da ke Pennsylvania wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya zana a shekarar 1935. An sanya shi a cikin jerin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wuraren tarihi na UNESCO]] a shekarar 2019.]] [[Fayil:AnneFrankHouseAmsterdamtheNetherlands.jpg|thumb| Gidan Anne Frank]] '''Gidan tarihi na gidan tarihi''' [[gida]] ne mai muhimmancin tarihi wanda aka kiyaye shi a matsayin gidan tarihi . Ana iya nuna kayan tarihi ta hanyar da ta nuna wurin da aka sanya su da kuma yadda ake amfani da su a gida. Ana kiyaye gidajen tarihi na gidajen tarihi bisa ga ƙa'idodi daban-daban, ciki har da na Majalisar Gidajen Tarihi ta Duniya . Ana mayar da gidaje zuwa gidajen tarihi saboda dalilai daban-daban. Misali, gidajen shahararrun marubuta galibi ana mayar da su gidajen tarihi na marubuta don tallafawa yawon buɗe ido na adabi . A wasu lokutan ana kiran gidajen tarihi da "gidan adana kayan tarihi", wanda kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna cewa gidan adana kayan tarihi ya ƙunshi tarin alamun tunawa da mutanen da suka taɓa zama a wurin. Sau da yawa ana yin sa ne da kayan mazauna da abubuwansu - wannan hanyar ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan sahihancinta . Wasu gidajen tarihi ana shirya su ne a kusa da mutumin da ke zaune a wurin ko kuma rawar da gidan ya taka a zamantakewa. Ana iya sake gina wasu gidajen tarihi na tarihi gaba ɗaya ko kuma gaba ɗaya domin ba da labarin wani yanki, matsayi na zamantakewa ko kuma tarihin zamani. " Labarin " mutanen da suka zauna a can yana jagorantar wannan hanyar, kuma yana tsara yadda ake kammala ta. Wata hanyar daban, wadda ƙungiyar agaji ta House Museum ta samar, ta haɗa da haɗakar fasaha ta zamani, inda ake gayyatar masu fasaha su mayar da martani ga tarihin zahiri da na ra'ayi na wani wuri, don haka ana saka ra'ayoyi da ƙima na zamani a wuraren tarihi. A kowane irin gidan tarihi, baƙi suna koyo game da mazaunan da suka gabata ta hanyar bayani da bincike kan tarihin zamantakewa . == Philosophical and ideological influences == [[Fayil:Musée_Anna_Akhmatova_(2).JPG|thumb| Gidan Tarihi na Anna Akhmatova, [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]]]] Ra'ayin gidan tarihi na gidan tarihi ya samo asali ne daga wani reshe na tarihi da ake kira tarihin zamantakewa wanda ya dogara ne kawai akan mutane da salon rayuwarsu. Ya shahara sosai a tsakiyar karni na ashirin a tsakanin masana da ke da sha'awar tarihin mutane, sabanin batutuwan siyasa da tattalin arziki. Tarihin zamantakewa ya kasance wani reshe mai tasiri na tarihi. Philip J. Ethington, farfesa a fannin tarihi da kimiyyar siyasa, ya ƙara daɗawa tarihin zamantakewa da alaƙarsa da wurare ta hanyar cewa - : "Duk wani aiki na ɗan adam yana faruwa kuma yana faruwa. Abin da ya gabata shine saitin wurare da ayyukan ɗan adam suka yi. Tarihi taswirar waɗannan wurare ne." Bayan wannan motsi na tarihi, manufar " gidajen tarihi na waje " ta shahara. Waɗannan nau'ikan gidajen tarihi na musamman suna da masu fassara cikin kayan ado waɗanda suka sake nuna rayuwar al'ummomi a zamanin da, wanda daga nan za a yi shi ga masu sauraro na zamani. Sau da yawa suna zaune a manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen katako ko wuraren waje da shimfidar wurare, waɗanda suka yi daidai da zamanin, suna ƙara sahihanci. == Ƙwaƙwalwar gama gari == [[Fayil:Interior_view_of_the_Duke's_Diwan_in_Amman.jpg|right|thumb| Hoton cikin gida na Duke's Diwan a tsakiyar birnin Amman, [[Jodan|Jordan]]]] A wasu lokutan ana amfani da tunawa da gama gari wajen tayar da gidajen tarihi na tarihi; duk da haka, ba duk gidajen tarihi na tarihi ke amfani da wannan hanyar ba. Manufar tunawa da gamayya ta samo asali ne daga masanin falsafa kuma masanin zamantakewa Maurice Halbwachs, a cikin "La Memoire Collective" ("On Collective Memory", 1950). Wannan dogon rubutun ya yi nazari kan rawar da mutane da wurare ke takawa, da kuma yadda tunawa da juna ba wai kawai take da alaƙa da mutum ɗaya ba, har ma da wata irin gogewa ce ta haɗin gwiwa. Ya kuma mayar da hankali kan yadda tsarin zamantakewa ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwar mutum ɗaya, a matsayin hanyar ci gaba da zamantakewa ta hanyar samar da ƙwaƙwalwa a matsayin ƙwarewar gama gari. : "Kowane ɓangare, kowane bayani, na wannan wuri yana da ma'ana mai hankali ga membobin ƙungiyar kawai, domin kowane ɓangare na sararin samaniyarsa ya yi daidai da fannoni daban-daban na tsarin da rayuwar al'ummarsu, aƙalla abin da ke dawwama a cikinsa." [[Fayil:Casa_Museo_Sarmiento_-_Tigre,_Buenos_Aires_Province_-_Argentina_-_9_Sept._2014.jpg|thumb|255x255px| [[Gidan Sarmiento]] A cikin Tigre, Buenos Aires]] Misalin wani wuri da ke amfani da abubuwan tunawa na gama gari shine [[Wurin Shakatawa na Tunawa da Zaman Lafiya na Hiroshima|wurin shakatawa na tunawa da zaman lafiya na Hiroshima]] da ke Japan. An gyara shi kuma an gina shi ne bisa ga dabarun tunawa; duk da haka, yana kuma da bukukuwan farin ciki don ɓoye tashin hankalin. Rubutun ''Hiroshima Traces'' (1999) ya yi nazari kan muhimmancin tunawa da juna da kuma yadda aka haɗa shi a cikin al'adu da wuri. Don haka, tunawa ta gama gari ba wai kawai tana cikin gida ko gini ba ne, har ma tana yin tasiri a sararin samaniya - musamman lokacin da wani babban lamari ya faru, kamar yaƙi. : "Tsaftace abubuwan tunawa da za a iya gani a ayyukan sake gina birnin yana bayyana sulhu na gida da kuma alamun ƙarfin gine-gine na ƙasashen waje da na ƙasa." Matsalar ƙirƙirar tunawa da jama'a tana faruwa ne a cikin gidajen tarihi na tarihi lokacin da aka yi watsi da labarin waɗanda ba 'yan uwa ba, aka yi watsi da shi, ko aka ƙi shi gaba ɗaya. A Kudancin Amurka, gidajen tarihi na gonaki (tsohon gidajen bayi) suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'ummar gidan tarihi kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga tunawa da Amurka ta hanyar launin fata. Domin gidajen tarihi suna da alhakin "gina asali, tunawa da al'adu da kuma al'umma", rashin kula da labarin duk mutanen da suka rayu a wurin yana da haɗari. Duk da cewa wasu labaran gidajen tarihi na noma sun canza bayan ihu daga jama'a da makarantar kimiyya, "gidajen tarihi na noma suna nuna, ƙirƙira, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga hanyoyin fahimtar da tsara duniya ta hanyar launin fata" ta hanyar iyakance ko kawar da labarin mazauna bayi. == Sahihanci == [[Fayil:Lepikko_Cottage_interior_1.jpg|thumb| Kayan daki na gaske a cikin gidan [[Jirgin ruwa na Lepikko|Lepikko torp]] a Pielavesi, Finland]] Haka kuma za a yi la'akari da wani mataki na sahihanci a cikin gyara da ƙirƙirar gidan tarihi na gidan tarihi. Dole ne sararin ya zama na gaske dangane da kwafi da kuma wakiltar yadda yake a da a siffarsa ta asali kuma ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ba a taɓa shi ba kuma aka bar shi a kan lokaci. Akwai matakai uku wajen bayyana idan sarari na gaske ne: # Dole ne mutum mai gaskiya ya gabatar kuma ya tabbatar da shaidar asali # Dole ne a kwatanta halayen abu ko mutum da ilimin da ake da shi game da shi. # Dole ne a yi amfani da takardu da takardun shaida don tallafawa shi, don haka a bayyana ko sahihanci ne. Wannan ma'anar ta ƙunshi yin zaɓɓuka na gaske, daga cikin nau'ikan mazauna da kuma amfani da su a zamanin da, game da waɗanda za a adana da kuma gabatar da su. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pinna |first=Giovanni |date=2001 |title=Introduction to historic house museums |journal=Museum International |volume=53 |pages=4–9 |doi=10.1111/1468-0033.00306 |quote=The choice of emphasis on a particular occupant is therefore often political.}}</ref> == Gidajen tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Susan-b-anthony-house.jpg|left|thumb| Susan B. Anthony House, Rochester, New York]] Ayyukan farko na kiyaye gidajen tarihi sun fara ne a shekarun 1850 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mutanen da ke da alaƙa da alfanun jama'a da kuma kiyaye tarihin Amurka, musamman ma kan shugaban Amurka na farko, Janar George Washington. Tun lokacin da aka kafa wurin tarihi na farko a ƙasar a shekarar 1850, hedikwatar juyin juya halin Washington da ke New York, Amurkawa sun sami sha'awar kiyaye irin waɗannan gine-ginen tarihi. Kafa gidajen tarihi na tarihi ya ƙara shahara a tsawon shekarun 1970 da 1980, yayin da shekaru biyu na Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin ya haifar da kishin ƙasa da kuma sanar da Amurkawa game da lalata gadonsu na zahiri. Al'adar sake gina gidajen tarihi na baya da kuma sanya su a matsayin gidajen tarihi ta samo asali ne daga al'adar Ingila ta kiyaye tsoffin gine-gine da abubuwan tarihi. Da farko, gidaje sun cancanci a adana su saboda alaƙar da suke da ita da manyan mutane, galibi daga cikin manyan mutane, kamar tsoffin shugabanni, marubuta, ko 'yan kasuwa. A kullum, Amurkawa suna fafutukar kiyaye tsarin da ya fi kama da na Amurkawa na da, wanda ke wakiltar rayuwar mutanen yau da kullum. Gidajen tarihi galibi suna aiki ne da ƙananan ma'aikata kuma akan ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi. Da yawa daga cikin masu aikin sa kai ne ke gudanar da su kuma galibi ba sa cika ƙa'idodin ƙwararru da masana'antar gidan kayan tarihi ta kafa. Wani bincike mai zaman kansa da Peggy Coats ta gudanar a shekarar 1990 ya nuna cewa kashi sittin da biyar cikin ɗari na gidajen tarihi ba su da cikakken ma'aikata, kuma kashi 19 zuwa 27 cikin ɗari na gidajen tarihi suna aiki da ma'aikaci ɗaya kawai na cikakken lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin waɗannan gidajen tarihi suna aiki akan ƙasa da dala $50,000 a kowace shekara. Binciken ya kuma nuna babban bambanci a yawan baƙi tsakanin gidajen tarihi na gida da wuraren ƙasa. Duk da cewa sama da masu yawon bude ido miliyan ɗaya ne ke ziyartar gidajen tarihi kamar Mount Vernon da Colonial Williamsburg a kowace shekara, fiye da kashi hamsin cikin ɗari na gidajen tarihi suna karɓar baƙi ƙasa da 5,000 a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coats |first=Peggy |year=1990 |title=Survey of Historic House Museums |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_history-news_january-february-1990_45_1/page/n31 |journal=History News |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=26–28}}</ref> Waɗannan gidajen tarihi kuma suna da ban mamaki domin ainihin tsarin yana cikin tarin gidajen tarihi a matsayin wani abu na tarihi. Duk da cewa wasu gidajen tarihi na tarihi suna da sa'ar samun tarin kayan daki na asali da aka taɓa samu a gidan, da yawa suna fuskantar ƙalubalen nuna tarin da ya yi daidai da tsarin tarihi. Wasu gidajen tarihi sun zaɓi tattara kayan tarihi na asali zuwa lokacin, alhali ba na asali ba ne ga gidan. Wasu kuma, suna cika gidan da kwafin kayan da aka yi da farko, waɗanda aka sake gina su da taimakon bayanan tarihi. Har yanzu wasu gidajen tarihi suna amfani da hanyar da ta fi kyau kuma suna amfani da gidaje don nuna gine-gine da abubuwan fasaha. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hobbs |first=Stuart D. |date=Summer 2001 |title=Exhibiting Antimodernism: History, Memory, and the Aestheticized Past in Mid-twentieth century America |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_public-historian_summer-2001_23_3/page/39 |journal=[[The Public Historian]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=39–61 |doi=10.1525/tph.2001.23.3.39}}</ref> Saboda gidajen tarihi sun kasance a cikin tsararraki daban-daban kuma an bar su daga iyali ɗaya zuwa wani, masu sa kai da ƙwararru dole ne su yanke shawara kan wane labari na tarihi za su gaya wa baƙi. Wasu gidajen tarihi suna fama da wannan batu ta hanyar nuna yanayi daban-daban a tarihin gidan a cikin ɗakuna ko sassan ginin. Wasu kuma suna zaɓar wani labari na musamman, wanda galibi ake ganin ya fi muhimmanci a tarihi, kuma suna maido da gidan zuwa wannan lokacin. == Ƙungiyoyi == [[Fayil:Childhood_home_of_Mao_Zedong.jpg|thumb| Tsohon mazaunin Mao Zedong, [[Sauyi yanayin Xiangtan|Xiangtan, China]]]] Akwai ƙungiyoyi da dama a faɗin duniya waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu ga adanawa, gyarawa, ko haɓaka gidajen tarihi. Sun haɗa da: * Kamfanin Tarihi na House Trust, Birnin New York <ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Houses Trust of New York |url=https://historichousetrust.org |website=historichousetrust.org}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Gidajen Tarihi, Birtaniya * Gidaje Masu Tarihi na New South Wales, Sydney * Kwarin Hudson na Tarihi, Tarrytown, NY * Tarihin New England, Boston, MA * Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Dame na Mulkin Mallaka ta Amurka, Washington, DC <ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Society of The Colonial Dames of America |url=http://www.NSCDA.org/ |website=NSCDA.org |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119091611/https://nscda.org/ |archive-date=2024-01-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Amintacciyar Amintacciyar Kariya ta Tarihi ta Ƙasa, Washington, DC * Asusun Amintattu na Ƙasa na Ostiraliya, Canberra <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Trust |url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.au/ |access-date=1 April 2018 |website=nationaltrust.org.au}}</ref> * Ceton Ƙungiyar Gado tamu, San Diego, CA * Gidajen Taskar Ingila, Birtaniya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] klze8036f9m524k3pres0p4acn6dbcx 0 171681 965923 937395 2026-10-10T20:15:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Eva Ingersoll Brown''' (22 Satumba 1863 - 28 Agusta 1928) ta kasance ma'aikaciyar zamantakewar jama'a ta Amurka, mai fafutuka, kuma mai son ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seering |first=Lauryn |title=Eva Ingersoll - Freedom From Religion Foundation |url=https://ffrf.org/ftod-cr/item/14561-eva-ingersoll |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=ffrf.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ita 'yar lauya ce kuma mai tunani mai zaman kanta Robert G. Ingersoll da mai fafutuka Eva Parker Ingersoll . == Rayuwa ta farko == [[File:Mrs._Howe,_Mrs._Elmer_Black,_Mrs._Walston_Brown,_Mrs._Marion_Burritt_Mrs._B._Buchannan,_Mrs._Eva_Wyeth_LCCN2014697172.jpg|thumb|Eva Ingersoll-Brown (na uku daga hagu) yayin fareti na zaman lafiya na mata a Birnin New York, 29 ga Agusta 1914]] An haifi Eva Ingersoll Brown a ranar 22 ga Satumba 1863 a, 'yar Robert Ingersoll da Eva Amelia Parker. Dukansu sanannun masu fafutuka ne da masu tunani. Masu koyarwa masu zaman kansu ne suka ilimantar da ita. Ta auri dan jirgin kasa kuma mai ba da kuɗi Walston Hill Brown 13 Nuwamba 1889 a 400 Fifth Avenue, Birnin New York - gidan dangin Ingersoll. A cewar 'yarsu, Eva Ingersoll Brown Wakefield:<blockquote>A lokacin auren Eva ta yi yarjejeniya da ba a rubuta ba tare da iyayenta cewa ita da mijinta za su zauna tare da Ingersolls na rabin shekara, kuma cewa Ingersolls za su zauna da Browns don ma'auni na lokacin. An bi wannan fahimtar sosai har zuwa mutuwar Mrs. Ingersoll a 1923. </blockquote>Walston Brown ya sayi wani yanki a Dobbs Ferry, New York a matsayin kyauta ga sabuwar matarsa. Hamlin Garland, wanda ya ziyarci gidan a matsayin baƙo na Ingersoll Brown, ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani kyakkyawan gida tare da manyan itatuwan oak, gangaren ciyawa, tarin salvia mai haske, da kuma hangen nesa na tsaunuka masu launin shudi a gefen yammacin Kogin Hudson". == Yunkurin fafutuka == Ingersoll-Brown ya zama fitaccen ma'aikacin jin kai da zamantakewa a New York. Ta kasance Shugabar [[Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Yara ta Amurka|Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Yara]], memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na New York Peace Society, memba na Kungiyar Masu Amfani, Kungiyar Kwadago ta Mata, Kwamitin Kwadago na Yara na Kasa, Kwamitin Ma'aikatan Yara na New York, Kungiyar New York don Rigakafin zalunci ga Dabbobi, NAACP, da sauran kungiyoyin masu gyarawa. Ƙaramar 'yar'uwarta, Maud Ingersoll Probasco, da mahaifiyarta, wacce ta zauna tare da ita, sun kasance masu aiki a cikin sauye-sauyen zamantakewa, kuma dukansu huɗun sun kasance "masu gwagwarmayar ra'ayin agnostic na Colonel Ingersoll". <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Eva Ingersoll Brown |url=https://www.chroniclingillinois.org/items/show/14916 |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.chroniclingillinois.org |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 'Yarta ta rubuta cewa:<blockquote>Evas da Maud guda biyu sun kasance...mata masu karfin ruhun jama'a, suna damuwa da muhimman batutuwan yau da kullun da shekaru. Kowane motsi don inganta bil'adama da aka samu a cikinsu masu gwagwarmaya da karimci: hana haihuwa; jin daɗin yara; zaman lafiya na duniya; zaɓen mata, da daidaito ga mata a duk ofisoshi da alaƙar rayuwa; siyasa mai tsabta; tsabtace ƙauyuka da gidaje masu kyau; gyaran kurkuku; adalci na zamantakewa; adawa da nuna bambanci, rashin adalci, da zalunci a duk inda aka samu; 'yancin ilimi - duk waɗannan sun yi aiki da himma ta Ingersollian, 'yancin kai, da ƙarfin hali. A matsayinsu na mambobi masu aiki na Audubon Society, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, da sauran kungiyoyin bil'adama, sun ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin dabbobi marasa kariya.</blockquote>Eva da Maud sun kafa American Society for Humane Medical Research, wani sakamako ne na aikinsu tare da ƙungiyar adawa da vivisection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Strongest Anti-Vivisectionist Clan of America |url=https://www.happycow.net/blog/anti-vivisection/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.happycow.net}}</ref> Edwin Markham, Benjamin B. Lindsey da George Creel sun sadaukar da littafin su na 1914 game da aikin yara, Children in Bondage, ga Ingersoll Brown: "Ma'aikaci a cikin Noble Causes, kuma Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kula da Yara ta Duniya". == Manazarta == duw280p0e2cgbzuyv15z6scxtpq2urk 0 171793 966048 937801 2026-10-11T04:10:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Doney_grave,_Watford_St_Mary.jpg|thumb| Kabarin George Edward Doney a cikin Cocin St Mary's Churchyard, Watford]] [[File:Doney_grave_info,_Watford_St_Mary.jpg|thumb| Bayani game da kabarin Doney a Cocin St Mary]] Ana kyautata zaton an haifi '''George Edward Doney''' (~1758–1809) a [[Gambiya|Gambia]] (wanda a lokacin aka yi masa lakabi da wani ɓangare na Guinea ) a kusan shekara ta 1758. An kai shi Virginia tun yana ƙarami kuma aka sayar da shi zuwa bauta. Ya zo Watford, Hertfordshire a kusan shekara ta 1765 a matsayin mai hidima ga Earl of Essex a Cassiobury House, ya ci gaba da yi wa iyalin hidima tsawon shekaru 44. Ya sami girmamawa da matsayi a Cassiobury House kuma an yi masa baftisma a Cocin St Mary, Watford a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1774. George Capel-Coningsby, Earl na 5 na Essex da kuma Countess na Essex suna cikin jerin waɗanda suka yi rijistar tarihin rayuwar [[Olaudah Equiano]], wani mutum da a da yake bauta wanda ya yi tasiri a cikin [[Kau da Bautan Bayi|ƙungiyar kawar da mulkin mallaka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2007 |title=Hidden Histories |url=http://www.theatreis.org/assets/tis01/documents/HiddenHistoriesNewsletter1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715044118/http://www.theatreis.org/assets/tis01/documents/HiddenHistoriesNewsletter1.pdf |archive-date=15 July 2010 |access-date=20 May 2017 |publisher=Hertfordshire Archive}}</ref> == Zane a cikin fasaha == Wani zane da ba a kammala ba daga misalin shekara ta 1809, ''Harvest Home'', na JMW Turner a ziyararsa ta biyu zuwa Cassiobury, ya nuna wani baƙon bawa a wurin cin abincin girbi a ɗaya daga cikin rumbunan ajiya a Cassiobury House. Baƙaƙen siffofi sun bayyana a cikin zane-zane da yawa na Yamma amma galibi ana nuna su a gefen zane a matsayin haruffa na gefe, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsu; Matsayin Turner na bawa a cikin babban rukunin mutane ana tsammanin yana nuna cewa wannan babban bawa ne a gidan Cassiobury, kuma wannan wataƙila Doney ne da kansa. <ref name="Museum">{{Cite web |title=Turner's different view |url=http://www.ourwatfordhistory.org.uk/content/topics/cassiobury/turners-different-view |access-date=15 December 2016 |website=Our Watford History |publisher=Watford Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151702/http://www.ourwatfordhistory.org.uk/content/topics/cassiobury/turners-different-view |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="BLB">{{Cite web |title=Headstone of George Edward Doney |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-505034-headstone-of-george-edward-doney-approx- |access-date=15 December 2016 |website=BritishListedBuildings.co.uk}}</ref> == Mutuwa da binnewa == Doney ya mutu a matsayin ɗan ƙasa a shekarar 1809, shekaru biyu bayan da Birtaniya [[Dokar Kasuwancin Bayi ta 1807|ta soke cinikin bayi na Tekun Atlantika]] . An binne shi a Cocin St Mary a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1809, kuma an gina wani kyakkyawan dutse mai katanga mai siffar waka ta asali a farfajiyar cocin. <ref name="BLB" /> An bai wa dutsen kabari matsayi na biyu a shekarar 2008. <ref name="BLB" /> == Manazarta == h1w3n91l6qkjbm4htmwnifnuve0dcv0 0 172094 965809 938999 2026-10-10T14:25:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Palani''' wani yanki ne na tsaunuka a jihohin kudancin Indiya na [[Tamil Nadu]] da [[Kerala]]. Tuddan Palani wani yanki ne na gabas na tsaunukan Yammacin Ghats, waɗanda ke tafiya daidai da gabar yammacin Indiya. Tuddan Palani suna tare da babban tsaunin Anamalai a yamma kuma suna miƙewa gabas zuwa filayen Tamil Nadu, wanda ya mamaye yanki mai girman {{Convert|2068|km2|sqmi}}. Mafi girman ɓangaren tsaunukan yana kudu maso yamma, kuma yana kaiwa tsayin mita 1,800-2,500 (ƙafa 5,906-8,202); faɗaɗa gabashin tsaunukan ya ƙunshi tuddai masu tsayin mita 1,000-1,500 (3,281-4,921)&nbsp;ƙafa) mai tsayi. Haka kuma gidan ibada ne na Murugan, wanda ake bauta masa a matsayin babban allah a Tamil Nadu. '''Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji na Palani Hills da Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa''' yanki ne da aka tsara don kariya a gundumar Dindigul, [[Tamil Nadu]] . Wurin shakatawa zai zama haɓakawa da faɗaɗa {{Cvt|736.87|km2}} Palani Kodaikanal Wildlife Sanctuary wanda za a kafa a 2008. <ref name="ENVIS1">{{Cite web |last=National Wildlife Data Center |year=2006 |title=List of Proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries in India |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/2209344/list-proposed-WLS <!-- was: http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/list_proposedwls.pdf--> |access-date=2007-03-26 |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 36% na {{Cvt|2068|km2}} na mazauna yankin a cikin tsaunukan Palani . Wurin shakatawa yana tsakanin latitude 10°7'–10°28' N da longitude 77°16'–77°46' E. Tsakiyar wurin shine {{Convert|1.5|km}} gabas maso gabas na Silver Cascade Waterfall da {{Cvt|4|km}} EX NE na tafkin Kodaikanal . == Tarihi == Tuddan Palani sun samo asali ne daga tsohon garin haikalin Palani wanda ke a arewacin gindin tsaunukan. A shekarar 1906, babban tudun da ke saman Palanis wanda ya ƙunshi dazuzzuka huɗu an haɗa shi ƙarƙashin Dokar Dajin Indiya ta 1878 kuma Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ayyana shi a matsayin dajin ajiya ɗaya, daga garin Kodaikanal zuwa iyakar jihar Kerala a yamma da kuma iyakar garin Bodinayakkanur a kudu, kuma aka ba shi sunan ''Ampthill Downs'' . Ya kai {{Convert|53|sqmi}} a girmansa kuma kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu nasa ya ƙunshi sholas kuma kwata uku a buɗe suke, suna birgima, suna da ciyawa. Yanzu haka yankin Ampthill Downs an sanya masa suna Upper Palani Shola Reserved Forest kuma jimlar girmansa {{Convert|145.7|km2}} (kadada 36,000) na ƙasar daji. Ita ce babbar reshen gandun daji a tsaunukan Palani. Tushen wurin ajiye namun daji na Kodaikanal da ake shirin gabatarwa yana nan a wannan sashe. <ref name="Roshan">{{Cite web |last=Roshan |first=George |title=National Parks and Sanctuaries : Kodaikanal |url=http://www.wildvistas.com/nationalparks/kodaikanal/kodaikanal.html |access-date=1 April 2010 |publisher=Wildvistas}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 1988, sabon {{Convert|50|km2}} Kodaikanal - Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji [[Berijam|na Berijam]] an haɗa shi cikin shawarwarin yankin da aka kare wanda [[Cibiyar Kula da namun daji ta Indiya|Cibiyar Kula da Namun Daji ta Indiya]] ta ɗauka a matsayin fifiko a ƙasa. A farkon shekarun 1990, Ma'aikatar Dajin Tamil Nadu ta gabatar da wata shawara ga gwamnatin jihar don kare yawancin tsaunukan Palani ta hanyar ayyana yankin a matsayin wurin ajiye namun daji ko wurin shakatawa na ƙasa . Yankin wurin shakatawa da aka tsara ya ƙunshi filayen daji kawai. Waɗannan dazuzzukan sun riga sun kasance cikin yankunan da aka kare a Tamil Nadu . Gyaran da suka yi zuwa Wurin Tsabtace Namun Daji da Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa zai ƙara matsayin IUCN daga mataki na VI - Yankin da aka Kare tare da Amfani da Albarkatun Ƙasa Mai Dorewa zuwa IV - Yankin Kula da Mazauna/Nau'in Gida ko II - Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa da kuma inganta muhalli da [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyaye]] namun daji na yankin. Gwamnatin Indiya ta fara duba wurin ibadar tun daga shekarar 1999 tare da tattaunawa da gwamnatin Tamil Nadu Ba a kammala ainihin iyakokin wurin shakatawa ba. A shekarar 2007, gwamnati ta yi la'akari da shawarwarin ayyana wurin ajiye namun daji na Kodaikanal. <ref name="Selvaraj">{{Cite web |last=Selvaraj |first=N., Minister for Forests |title=1.5.3. Biodiversity Conservation, Landscape and Protected Areas Management |url=http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409231539/http://www.forests.tn.nic.in/PublicUtilities/graphics/PolicyNote-0607-E.pdf |archive-date=2009-04-09 |access-date=25 March 2010 |website=POLICY NOTE 2006–2007 Demand No. 15 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Forest Department |pages=4}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2012, a wani canji da ya bayyana daga shirye-shiryen sanar da sassan tsaunukan Palani a matsayin wurin ajiye namun daji daban, sanarwar Tamil Nadu Gazette ta haɗa sassan sassan dazuzzukan Kodaikanal da Dindigul zuwa yankin da ke da ma'ajiyar Annamalai Tiger Reserve . Kimanin hekta 5155.42 na dazuzzuka mallakar tsaunukan Palani na Arewa, dajin [[Andipatty]], eka 4,344.53 a dajin Kudraiyar da kuma hekta 5,548.49 a dajin Mannavanur da ke Kodaikanal za a haɗa su a yankin da ke da kariya. Kauyuka da ƙauyuka waɗanda yanzu ke zama wani ɓangare na yankin buffer na Palani Hills sune Poondi, Mannavanur, Kilavarai, Polur, Kavunchi, Kumbur, Kilanavayal, Kukkal, Pazhamputhur da Puthurpuram. Muhimmancin da yawon bude ido na muhalli ke da shi a [[Tattalin arziki|fannin tattalin arziki]], ciki har da yin tattaki, hawa dutse, yin sansani, hawa dutse, da kuma kallon tsuntsaye na iya taimaka wa jama'ar yankin su yi maraba da wannan sabon yanki mai kariya. Har yanzu dai ba a san ko wurin ajiye namun daji da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa zai ƙarfafa ko kuma ya hana ci gaban kasuwanci da yawon buɗe ido ba. Shawarar da aka yanke ta ƙarshe ta kafa wannan wurin dole ne ta daidaita fa'idodin kuɗi na ɗan gajeren lokaci na yanayin da ake ciki da kuma [[Walwala ta muhalli|kwanciyar hankali]] na dogon lokaci na al'ummar halitta da ta ɗan adam. == Yanayin ƙasa == Kololuwar Vandaravu ita ce mafi tsayi a tsaunukan Palani. Tsaunin yana tsakanin kwarin Cumbum a kudu, wanda kogin Vaigai da magudanan ruwansa na sama ke malala, da kuma yankin Kongunadu a arewa. Kogin Shanmukha, Kogin Nanganji, da Kogin Kodavanar, waɗanda ke magudanar ruwan Kogin Kaveri, suna malalar ruwan gangaren arewa. Yankin ya fi yawa a cikin gundumar Dindigul, sai dai a yankin yamma, inda ya samar da iyaka tsakanin gundumar Dindigul da gundumar Theni a kudu da kuma gundumar Idukki a kudu maso yamma. Tashar tsaunin Kodaikanal tana cikin yankin tsakiyar kudancin yankin. Dutsen Palani ya haɗu da Dutsen Anamalai da Dutsen Cardamom a kololuwar Anamudi da ke jihar Kerala. Vattavada a Kerala wani yanki ne na tsaunukan Palani. Tuddan Palni suna gabashin yankin Western Ghats ne, tsawonsu ya kai {{Convert|65|km}}, da faɗin arewa zuwa kudu na {{Convert|40|km}} . Yankin yana da {{Convert|2064|km2}} . Waɗannan tuddai suna hawa a cikin tsaunuka masu tsayi zuwa wani babban tudu mai tsayi wanda ya kai {{Convert|1600|m}} zuwa sama da {{Convert|2000|m}} tsayi. <ref name="vct2">{{Cite web |title=Palni Hills |url=http://www.vattakanalconservationtrust.org/Home/activities/palni-hills |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028025746/http://www.vattakanalconservationtrust.org/Home/activities/palni-hills |archive-date=28 October 2010 |access-date=31 March 2010 |publisher=Vattakanal Conservation Trust}}</ref> Yankin yammacin wurin shakatawa yana kusa da yankin tsakiyar kwarin Manjampatti na Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary da National Park da kuma wurin ajiye namun daji na Chinnar da ke [[Kerala]] . Wurin ibada na Kurinjimala da ke Kerala yana da iyaka da kusurwar kudu maso yammacin wurin shakatawar. Waɗannan wuraren kiyaye namun daji suna kusa da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Eravikulam da aka kafa kwanan nan. Yankin wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi dazuzzukan da aka ajiye kawai, ciki har da Palni Hills Northern Slope East, Kallar, Palni Hills Southern Slope East, Upper Palni Shola, Allinagaram, da Palni Hills Northern Slope West Reserve a cikin Dindigul da kuma Rarrabuwar Dajin Kodaikanal. == Yankunan muhalli == [[File:Palani_hills_kodaikanal.jpg|right|thumb| Ra'ayin Tuddan Palani daga Vilpatti]] Ƙananan tsaunukan Palani, tsakanin mita 250 da 1,000 (820–3,281)&nbsp;ft), wani ɓangare ne na dazuzzukan dazuzzukan da ke da danshi a yankin [[Kudancin Yammacin Ghats da ke da ruwan sama|Kudu maso Yammacin Ghats]] . Sama da 1,000&nbsp;m (3,281)&nbsp;ft), dazuzzukan da ba su da ganye suna canzawa zuwa dazuzzukan [[Dazuzzuka na tsaunukan Ghats na Kudu maso Yamma|ruwan sama na tsaunukan Ghats na Kudu maso Yammacin]] . A cikin mafi girman sassan jerin, sama da 2,000&nbsp;m (6,562)&nbsp;ft), [[Dajin ruwan sama|dazuzzukan]] tsaunukan suna ba da wuri ga ciyawar ''[[Shola]]'' - mosaic, wanda aka yi da ciyayin tsaunuka masu jure sanyi waɗanda ke cike da dogayen dazuzzukan ''Shola'' masu tsayi. Tuddai sun faɗaɗa zuwa Kerala a matsayin Pampadum Shola National Park. == Kare Muhalli == Tuddan Palani a halin yanzu suna fuskantar matsin lamba na ci gaba saboda ba a gina su ba tsawon lokaci. An kafa Majalisar Kula da Kare Jama'a ta Palani Hills, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da hedikwata a Kodaikanal, a shekarar 1985. A farkon shekarun 1990, Ma'aikatar Dajin Tamil Nadu ta gabatar wa gwamnatin jihar Tamil Nadu da cewa a ba da mafi yawan wuraren dajin a matsayin wurin kariya a matsayin wurin kare namun daji ko kuma wurin ajiye namun daji na Palani Hills da kuma wurin shakatawa na kasa. <ref name="Frontline">{{Cite journal |date=2 August 2003 |title=On the danger list |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm |journal=Frontline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204071315/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2016/stories/20030815000106600.htm |archive-date=2012-02-04 |access-date=7 April 2015}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == [[File:Anna_Salai,_Kodaikanal.JPG|thumb| Perumal Malai a nesa ana gani daga Anna Salai, Titin bazaar, Kodaikanal, {{Convert|12.5|km}} nesa]] [[File:Talinji_Vilage_&_Vellari_Mali_Peak.JPG|thumb| Vellari Malai Peak, wanda aka gani daga Kauyen Talnji, {{Convert|12.5|km}} nesa]] [[File:Kodaikanal_Bear_Shola_Falls.JPG|thumb| 3. Ruwan Beyar Shola Falls]] [[File:Kodai_Fairy_Falls.JPG|thumb| 5. Aljanun Faɗuwa]] [[File:Kodai_Neptune_falls_&_Pool.JPG|thumb| 8. Neptune Falls da Pool]] [[File:Pambar_Falls.JPG|thumb| 10. Ruwan Pambar Falls]] [[File:Silver_Cascade_3-4.JPG|thumb| 11. Cascade na Azurfa, tsayin mita 55, < 1/4 na kwarara]] [[File:Rattail_falls.jpg|thumb| 12. Ruwan Thaliar ya kai {{Convert|975|ft}} mai girma]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f8bo9i4sayvz7hvi7lcnqny45e50o5y 0 172279 966121 939437 2026-10-11T11:21:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Thunderstorm_over_the_Black_Mountains_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cumulonimbus yana tashi sama da Black Mountains (North Carolina).]] '''Hadari na tsaunuka''' yana haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci saboda sakamakonsu, musamman ga masu hawan dutse, masu hawan kan dutse da masu hawan sama. Duk da sa ido kan yanayin yanayi don hana hatsarori, bala'o'i da ke faruwa a lokacin irin waɗannan abubuwan sau da yawa ba za a iya hango su ba kuma sune batun litattafai ko wasu labaru. == Kafawa == [[Fayil:Blocage_air_froid_animation.gif|thumb|Samun gaba mai sanyi lokacin da iska a cikin tashin hankali ya kasance mai ɗorewa ko kuma ba zai iya kaiwa saman cikas ba. Ana tilasta iska a gaba kuma tana haifar da samar da ƙananan jet.]] Ana samar da guguwa lokacin da iska a cikin wani nau'i na yanayi ba ta da kwanciyar hankali.<ref name="MF">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Cumulonimbus |url=http://www.meteofrance.fr/publications/glossaire?articleId=150191 |access-date=22 October 2016 |website=Glossaire de la météorologie |publisher=[[Météo-France]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710163250/http://www.meteofrance.fr/publications/glossaire?articleId=150191 |archive-date=10 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani sashi na iska da aka tashe a gindin wannan Layer ya fi zafi fiye da mahalli kuma ya tashi. A cikin tashi, zafin jikinta yana raguwa ta hanyar fadada adiabatic, kuma lokacin da yanayin zafi na tururin ruwa ya kai saturation, wannan yana samar da girgije mai juyawa.<ref name="MF" /> Don samar da guguwa, wannan Layer dole ne ya zama babba sosai kuma zafin jiki a saman girgije dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da -20C. Duwatsu na iya taimakawa wajen haifar da yanayin yanayi ta hanyoyi uku: * kai tsaye ɗagawa a matakin free convection a cikin iska mara daidaituwa, ɗagawa tare da iska mai haɗari wanda ya zo w / wani bangare na tsaye zuwa gangaren. Ana tilasta iska zuwa gangaren kuma ta shiga cikin convection. * ''tilasta zafi'' a cikin yanayin da ba shi da kwanciyar hankali inda akwai raƙuman yaduwa da zafi na rana. Iska ta dutse sai ta haifar da iskõki na anabotic wanda kuma ya tashi. * ''tilasta ƙarfi'' lokacin da iska ta tsaya a ƙasa, kuma dutsen ya toshe zagayawa, amma iska ba ta da ƙarfi a mafi girman tsawo. A wannan yanayin ana tilasta yaduwar gaba ɗaya sama da wannan Layer na toshewa kuma yana iya kaiwa ga Layer na convective. A cikin wani lamari na gaba ɗaya, tasirin da yawa na iya kasancewa kuma idan iska ta synoptic ta yi tsayayya da iska ta anabatic, ƙarin haɗuwa yana faruwa a saman dutsen.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cotton|Bryan|van den Heever|2011}}</ref> Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri yankin haɗuwa a bayan dutsen lokacin da iska ta synoptic za ta iya raba kuma ta kewaye shi don sake haɗuwa (misali Puget Sound Convergence Zone) wanda zai inganta convection. Tashin hankali yana aiki ba kawai don lalata iska da samar da girgije ba, har ma da haɓaka ƙarfinta.<ref name="MF" /> Kamar yadda iska mai tashi daga kasan gangaren ya fi zafi da zafi fiye da iska da ke kewaye da shi, alamar ''da aka ɗaga'' za ta fi mara kyau, yana ƙara tsawo na girgije. Bambancin zafin jiki mai sauƙi na 2C ya isa ya kara yawan tashin hankali na tsawa. == Abubuwa na musamman == Guguwar dutse tana da ƙayyadaddun abubuwa saboda kusanci da girgije, muhimmancin filayen lantarki, saurin bayyanar su, haɗarin su na musamman. Hawan iska na kwatsam na iska mai yawa na iya canza yanayin farko a cikinsu. === Sakamakon nan take === Abubuwan da za a iya lura da su suna ba da ra'ayi game da abubuwan da ke tattare da [[Thunderstorm|guguwa]] dutse. Masu hawan dutse sune mafi yawan wadanda suka fuskanci wadannan abubuwan, <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=June 2015 |title=Randonneurs tués dans une coulée de boue en Corse : "On les avait prévenus du risque" |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/faits-divers/20150611.OBS0538/trois-randonneurs-tues-dans-un-glissement-de-terrain-ce-que-l-on-sait.html |journal=L'Obs |language=French |page= |issn= |access-date=19 October 2016}}.</ref> a cikin tuddai da wucewa. Baya ga abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun da suka shafi guguwar, manyan filayen lantarki suna haifar da alamun gargadi ba zato ba tsammani da suka shafi ionization na iska.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=12 June 2003 |title=Les orages — CultureSciences-Physique - Ressources scientifiques pour l'enseignement des sciences physiques |url=http://culturesciencesphysique.ens-lyon.fr/ressource/QRorages.xml#id267459 |journal=Science Resources for Teaching Physics |language=French |page= |issn= |access-date=19 October 2016}}.</ref> Masu hawan dutse na Faransa sun ce suna jin "bees": ba zato ba tsammani, a duk faɗin, ƙananan hayaniya ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph |first=F. |date=1 December 1985 |title=Revue Pyrénéenne : Orages en Montagne |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9680649s |access-date=19 October 2016 |website=French National Library |pages=4–6 |language=French}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thillet|Schueller|2009}}</ref> Bayan wannan sautin ƙudan zuma, wani lura shi ne cewa gashi yana tsaye tsaye a kan kai, kuma hasken wuta na iya samuwa tsakanin hakora lokacin da mutum ya buɗe bakin mutum. Wadannan sune sakamakon abubuwan lantarki, wanda aka riga aka bayyana a wasu yanayi, kuma an san shi da sunan wuta na St. Elmo ko tasirin corona wanda ake kira tasirin kambi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Effet couronne sur les réseaux électriques aériens {{!}} Techniques de l'Ingénieur |url=http://www.techniques-ingenieur.fr/base-documentaire/energies-th4/problematiques-communes-des-reseaux-electriques-ingenierie-42267210/effet-couronne-sur-les-reseaux-electriques-aeriens-d4440/ |access-date=2016-10-19 |website=www.techniques-ingenieur.fr}}.</ref> Masu hawan dutse, ba sa motsawa sosai, na iya samun kansu a cikin guguwa. Ƙarƙashin kankara na kayan hawa na iya jawo walƙiya, babban haɗari a cikin waɗannan yanayi. === Sakamakon da ba a kai tsaye ba === [[Fayil:2013-06-08_Maderaner-Valo_(Foto_Dietrich_Michael_Weidmann)_146.JPG|thumb|Ambaliyar ruwa a cikin canton na Uri, [[Switzerland]] .]] [[Fayil:Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._003.jpg|thumb|Wani Ruwa a cikin Alps na Philip James na Loutherbourg, 1803]] Ƙarfin [[Thunder|tsawa]], [[Lightning|walƙiya]], walƙwalwa, [[Hailstone|hail]]" id="mwbw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rain">ruwan sama, ƙanƙara, fashewa da guguwa na iya haifar da wasu yanayi masu haɗari. Wasu abubuwan da suka faru na halitta sun karu sau goma ta hanyar tsawo, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chardon |first=Michel |date=1989 |title=Essai d'approche de la spécificité des milieux de la montagne alpine |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/rga_0035-1121_1989_num_77_1_2727?q=Orage%20en%20montagne |journal=Revue de géographie alpine |language= |volume=77 |pages=15–28 |doi=10.3406/rga.1989.2727 |issn= |access-date=2016-10-19}}.</ref> musamman: * ambaliyar ruwa a kan gangara da sauri <ref name=":0" /> * [[Zaftarewar ƙasa|rushewar ƙasa]], <ref name=":0" /> * Ruwan sama.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 9lbi812w86usspl4mw4ooaauovlme98 0 172377 966047 939767 2026-10-11T04:05:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Portrett_av_statsminister_Georg_Sibbern_-_no-nb_digifoto_20160119_00053_blds_01000.jpg|thumb| Georg Sibben. Hoto: Carl Jacob Malmberg]] '''Georg Christian Sibben''' (29 Maris 1816 - 4 Oktoba 1901) jami'in diflomasiyyar Norway ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Ministan Norway . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georg Sibbern, Diplomat, Politiker |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Georg_Sibbern |access-date=June 10, 2016 |publisher=Norsk biografisk leksikon}}</ref> == Bayani == An haife shi a Rygge a cikin Østfold . Shi ɗan Valentin Sibbern ne (1779–1853) da Anne Cathrine de Stockfleth (1785–1865) kuma ɗan'uwan Alette Due da Carl Sibbern ne . Mahaifinsa ministan gwamnatin Norway ne kuma wakili ne a Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta Norway . Ya girma a gidan iyali da ke Værne Kloster . Ya halarci [[Makarantar Cathedral ta Oslo]] . Ya kammala karatunsa na artium a [[Makarantar Cathedral ta Oslo]] a shekarar 1831, kuma ya kammala karatun lauya a Jami'ar Christiania (yanzu Jami'ar Oslo) a shekarar 1837. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Værne kloster |url=http://lokalhistoriewiki.no/index.php/V%C3%A6rne_kloster |access-date=June 10, 2016 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Terje Bratberg |title=Sibbern |url=https://snl.no/Sibbern |access-date=June 10, 2016 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Sana'a == Daga shekara ta 1838 ya yi aiki a matsayin wakili a Ma'aikatar Ministan Norway a Stockholm kuma daga shekara ta 1840 aka yi masa aiki a ma'aikatar harkokin waje. Ya yi aiki a Saint Petersburg (1842–1843), Copenhagen (1845-1847), The Hague (1847–1848), London (1848–1850) da Washington, DC (1850–1856). A watan Afrilun 1858, an naɗa Sibben wakilin Sweden-Norwegian a Constantinople . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Ministan Norway daga 16 ga Disamba 1858 - 30 ga Nuwamba 1861 da kuma 17 ga Disamba 1861 - 1 ga Nuwamba 1871. Daga baya ya zama jakada a birnin Paris (1878–1884). [1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1852, ya auri Maria Soane. Shi surukin Frederik Due ne . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magnus A. Mardal |title=Georg Sibbern |url=https://snl.no/Georg_Sibbern |access-date=June 10, 2016 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1901]] g968yj5vbs3uj8b8tj7ilpxgbyyrgsc 0 172574 966064 940550 2026-10-11T06:16:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Neskowin_Ghost_Forest_-_2016.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Tushen bishiyoyi a cikin Neskowin Ghost Forest]] [[File:Neskowin_sunset.jpg|thumb|Neskowin Beach a lokacin faɗuwar rana, 2026]] '''Gidan daji na Neskowin''' shine ragowar gandun daji na Sitka spruce a kan Oregon Coast na Amurka. Wataƙila an halicci ƙuƙwalwar lokacin da girgizar ƙasa ta yankin Cascadia ta saukar da bishiyoyi, waɗanda aka rufe su da laka daga rushewar ƙasa ko tarkace daga [[Tsunami]].<ref name="Sunset Mag">{{Cite web |last=Fish |first=Peter |title=The ghost forest |url=http://www.sunset.com/travel/northwest/ghost-forest |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=Sunset}}</ref> Koyaya, wasu masana ilimin ƙasa na cikin gida sun yi imanin cewa wannan gandun daji na fatalwa (da wasu a bakin tekun Pacific NW) sun samo asali ne daga sannu a hankali - ma'ana dunes na yashi da aka gina kuma ya rufe itatuwan Sitka - ba a cikin saukowa ba. Yawancin ƙwayoyin sun wuce shekaru 2,000, waɗanda ruwan gishiri ya adana, wanda ba ya son ƙwayoyin cuta masu rarraba lignin.<ref name="OSU">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2008 |title=OSU research of ancient stumps should continue despite criticism |url=http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/lifeatosu/2008/osu-research-of-ancient-stumps-should-continue-despite-criticism/ |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=LIFE@OSU}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An gano ginshiƙan lokacin da guguwa ta kwashe yashi a lokacin hunturu na 1997-1998. <ref name="Travel Oregon">{{Cite web |last=Bettey |first=Sarah |title=Neskowin ghost forest |url=http://traveloregon.com/trip-ideas/oregon-stories/neskowin-ghost-forest/ |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=Travel Oregon}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin gandun daji sama da talatin tare da Oregon da Washington Coast, kodayake da yawa sun bayyana a matsayin tushen tushe kuma ba tsutsa ba.<ref name="Beach Connections 1">{{Cite web |title=In search of more Oregon coast ghost forests |url=http://www.beachconnection.net/news/ghostfor010912_650.php |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=BeachConnections.net}}</ref> Mafi mahimmanci, gandun daji na fatalwa na Washington na jan al'ul ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga gano layin kuskuren Cascadia. Wadannan gandun daji na fatalwa shaida ce ta gagarumin, canje-canje masu sauri a bakin tekun - sau da yawa saboda abubuwan da suka faru na girgizar kasa irin su girgizar kasar Cascadia ta 1700.<ref name="OPB">{{Cite web |last=Spitz |first=Tullan |title=How scientists know when the last big earthquake happened here |url=http://www.opb.org/news/series/unprepared/jan-26-1700-how-scientists-know-when-the-last-big-earthquake-happened-here/ |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=OPB: Oregon Public Broadcasting}}</ref> Tushen a Neskowin yana da shekaru 2,000, bisa ga carbon dating.<ref name="Hart and Peterson">{{Cite journal |last=Hart |first=Roger |last2=Peterson |first2=Curt |date=1997 |title=Episodically buried forests in the Oregon surf zone |url=http://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/og/OGv59n06.pdf |journal=Oregon Geology |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=131–144 |access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref> Yayinda suke rayuwa, itatuwan da suka hada da Neskowin Ghost Forest sun yi kama da gandun daji na bakin teku na yanzu.<ref name="Hart and Peterson" /> Sun tsaya 150-200 feet (46-61 tsawo kuma suna da akalla shekaru 200 lokacin da aka binne su. <ref name="Travel Oregon" /><ref name="Beach Connection 2">{{Cite web |title=Twin Oregon coast secret attractions 4,000 years in the making |url=http://www.beachconnection.net/news/secretatt041415_640.php |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=www.beachconnection.net}}</ref> Koyaya, yana da wahala a tantance lokacin ko yadda bishiyoyin suka mutu, saboda ya faru ne kafin rubuce-rubucen tarihi a yankin. Da farko an yi imanin cewa waɗannan bishiyoyi sun mutu a hankali, yayin da tushen ya nutse a hankali cikin ruwan gishiri saboda canje-canje a matakan teku. Duk da haka binciken da masana ilimin ƙasa suka yi ya nuna cewa ƙasa, har yanzu tana nan a tushen ƙwanƙolin, an binne ta kwatsam <ref name="Hart and Peterson" /> - yana nuna wani abu mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki, kamar girgizar ƙasa, a matsayin dalilin. Dajin fatalwa yana kusa da Proposal Rock. Yana daga cikin Gidan Wasanni na Jihar Neskowin Beach . Lokaci mafi kyau don ganin ƙuƙwalwar ruwa shine low tide, a lokacin hunturu, yayin da guguwar hunturu ke saukar da yashi. Janairu, Fabrairu da Maris suna da mafi ƙasƙanci na shekara. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Neskowin_Ghost_Forest_August_2017.jpg|Neskowin Ghost Forest in August 2017 File:Neskowin_Ghost_Forest_Stump_Close_Up.jpg|Large tree stump protruding from beach sand File:Neskowin_Stumps_at_Proposal_Rock.jpg|Tree stumps visible with Proposal Rock in background. </gallery> == Manazarta == tjomx7rpe2g3wcpcndp4j6l7yl5xm5u 0 172692 966109 941033 2026-10-11T09:22:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Glen Kinglas''' wani yanki ne [[Glen|na Glen]] da ke kan Tekun Cowal, a Argyll da Bute, yammacin Scotland. Glen yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsaunukan Alps na Arrochar, hanyar A83 daga Arrochar da Loch Lomond ta ratsa ta cikin tsaunukan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=ROAD SAFETY ENHANCEMENTS AT A83 GLEN KINGLAS |url=https://www.bearscot.com/road-safety-enhancements-at-a83-glen-kinglas/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=BEAR Scotland |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ƙarshen arewa na glen, wata hanya ta bi ta Glen Croe, ta wuce Loch Restil . A kudu da glen, hanyar A815 ta bar A83 ta kuma ratsa ta Cowal Peninsula zuwa Dunoon a bakin tekun Firth na Clyde . Jirgin A83 ya ci gaba ta hanyar Cairndow da Loch Fyne Oysters zuwa Inveraray da Inveraray Castle da ke Loch Fyne . Glen yana da Ruwan Kinglas yana ratsawa ta cikinsa wanda ke gudana a ƙarƙashin [[Butter Bridge|Gadar Butter]], ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin shine Loch Restil, wanda ke cikin hanyar da ke tsakanin Glen Kinglas da Glen Croe . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Butter Bridge in Glen Kinglas |url=https://www.scottishhistory.org/blog/butter-bridge/ |website=ScottishHistory.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wild &#124; The Open Water Swimming App for the UK |url=https://wildopenwater.com/ |website=Wild |access-date=2026-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618014326/https://www.wildopenwater.com/ |archive-date=2026-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wurin ajiye motoci na Butter Bridge da ke cikin glen, yana ba da damar shiga tuddai da duwatsu cikin sauƙi ga masu tafiya a kan tuddai da masu hawa dutse . <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2019 |title=Butterbridge - Scotland's Hills |url=https://scotlandhills.net/butterbridge/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=GlenKinglas |url=http://www.oakchip.com/bill/BenImeGlenKinglas/index.html |website=www.oakchip.com}}</ref> Dutsen yana ba da damar zuwa Beinn an Lochain mafi tsayin tsaunin Cowal a {{Convert|901.7|m}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beinn an Lochain - Corbett (Walkhighlands) |url=https://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/corbetts/beinn-an-lochain |website=Walkhighlands}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Mountain Bothies ta buɗe Bothy a cikin Glen a watan Mayu na 2022, mai suna ''Abisinia'' . Yana nan a grid ref: NN 256 117, a taswirar Ordnance Survey LR56. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |first=Helen |title=New bothy for Glen Kinglas |url=https://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/news/new-bothy-for-glen-kinglas/}}</ref> Glen yana cikin Argyll Forest Park da [[Loch Lomond da Gidan shakatawa na Trossachs|Loch Lomond da Trossachs National Park]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Argyll Forest Park |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/visit/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |website=Forestry and Land Scotland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lomond |first=Loch |last2=G83 8EG |first2=The Trossachs National Park Authority Carrochan Carrochan Road Balloch |title=Lochs, glens & straths - Here. Now. All of us. |url=https://www.lochlomond-trossachs.org/discover-the-park/our-heritage-culture/our-gaelic-culture/lochs-glens-straths/ |website=Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park}}</ref> == Duwatsu == Duwatsu masu zuwa suna iyaka da Glen Kinglas (daga kudu zuwa arewa). '''Gefen yamma:''' * Binnein an Fhidhleir, Corbett a tsawon {{Convert|817|m|}} * Creag Bhrosgan, {{Convert|711|m|}} * Stob Coire Creagach, {{Convert|817|m|}} '''Gefen gabas:''' * Tsaya Eas, {{Convert|732|m|}} * [[Beinn an t-Seilich]], {{Convert|719|m|}} * Beinn an Lochain, Corbett a {{Convert|901.7|m}} * Beinn Luibhean, Corbett a tsayin {{Convert|857|m|}} * Beinn Ime, Munro a {{Convert|1011|m|}} (Dutsen Butter) * Beinn Chorranach, {{Convert|888|m|}} * [[Ben Vane - Beinn Dubh]], {{Convert|774|m|}} == Gadar Man Shanu == Gadar da ke kan Ruwa na Kinglas, Gadar Butter, an sanya mata suna bayan Beinn Ìme (Dutsen Butter). An gina shi a shekarar 1749, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Titin Sojoji daga Dumbarton zuwa Inveraray . Manjo William Caulfeild na Rundunar Sojin Burtaniya ne ya kula da shi. <ref name="auto" /> == Zaftarewar ƙasa == Zaftarewar ƙasa ta samo asali ne [[Zaizayar Kasa|daga]] ƙanƙara kuma tana da illa a yau, domin yankuna da yawa har yanzu ba su da tabbas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rock slope failures of the arrochar hills - A road tour |url=https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/docs/017_283__arrocharalps_total_1383576245.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113138/https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/docs/017_283__arrocharalps_total_1383576245.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-20}}</ref> Jirgin A83 yana da saurin [[zaftarewar ƙasa]], gami da ɓangaren da ke cikin Glen Kinglas. A83 babbar hanya ce zuwa gabar tekun yamma na Scotland. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2023, an yi amfani da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu wajen ceto mutane goma daga kan hanya, yayin da zaftarewar ƙasa ta kama su a wani ɗan gajeren yanki na hanyar. == Hatsarin jirgin sama == Jirgin saman yaki na Panavia Tornado F3 ya fado a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2009, da ƙarfe 1145. An kashe dukkan mutanen da ke cikin jirgin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident Panavia Tornado F3 ZE982, Thursday 2 July 2009 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/wikibase/wiki.php?id=163406 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref> == Glen Kinglas hydro == Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa tana amfani da Ruwan Kinglas da ke kudancin Glen. Ya fara samar da wutar lantarki a watan Janairun 2004. Tsarin da aka sanya yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin samarwa na kilowatt 960 ko Megawatt 0.96. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Details from OFGEM |url=https://energymap.co.uk/subscriber/details_ofgem.asp?ofgemid=G00820HYSC |website=energymap.co.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=GLEN KINGLAS HYDRO LTD. overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/SC232777 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" class="center"> File:Butter_Bridge,_Kinglas_Water_(2563701331).jpg|alt=Butter Bridge, Kinglas Water| Gadar Butter, Ruwa na Kinglas File:Glen_Kinglas_-_geograph.org.uk_-_182415.jpg| Glen Kinglas File:Cold_day_in_Glen_Kinglas_-_geograph.org.uk_-_850452.jpg|alt=Cold day in Glen Kinglas| Ranar sanyi a Glen Kinglas File:A83,_Glen_Kinglas_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4624426.jpg| A83, Glen Kinglas File:Loch_Restil_from_the_north_ridge_of_Beinn_an_Lochain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3550783.jpg|alt=Loch Restil from the north ridge of Beinn an Lochain| Loch Restil daga gefen arewa na Beinn an Lochain File:Glen_Kinglas_towards_Beinn_an_Lochain_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5143590.jpg|alt=Glen Kinglas towards Beinn an Lochain| Glen Kinglas zuwa Beinn an Lochain File:Abyssinia_(geograph_5143677).jpg|alt=Abyssinia Bothy| Abisiniya Bothy </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a2lxv2d0ngjfiyh8etdqqizj7elpro7 0 172715 966107 954578 2026-10-11T09:20:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Glen Croe''' wani dutse ne [[Glen|mai tsayi]] a tsakiyar tsaunukan Arrochar a Argyll da Bute, Scotland. Dutsen yana kewaye da manyan [[Tsauni|tsaunuka]] masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da manyan duwatsu. [[Croe Water|Ruwan Croe]] yana gudana ta cikin kwarin kogin zuwa cikin Loch Long . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ardgartan |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/visit/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park/ardgartan |website=Forestry and Land Scotland}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Glen Croe yana arewa maso yammacin Loch Lomond da Loch Long, yana magudanar ruwa zuwa na ƙarshe. A kan titin Glen akwai hanyar da za ta kai ga Glen Kinglas . Hanyar A83 tana bi ta tsawon glen, tana wucewa ta gefen wurin da ake kira ''Rest & Be Thankful'', a yammacin Glen. Glen Croe yana cikin Argyll Forest Park da ke Cowal . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Argyll Forest Park - Forestry Commission Scotland |url=http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329163908/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=2017-01-17 |publisher=Scotland.forestry.gov.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lomond |first=Loch |last2=G83 8EG |first2=The Trossachs National Park Authority Carrochan Carrochan Road Balloch |title=Here. Now. All of us. |url=https://www.lochlomond-trossachs.org/ |website=Loch Lomond & The Trossachs National Park}}</ref> Glen kuma yana cikin [[Loch Lomond da Gidan shakatawa na Trossachs|Loch Lomond da Trossachs National Park]] . Duwatsu a kowane gefe sune: * Beinn Ìme ( Munro ) a {{Convert|1011|m|}} * Ben Donich ( Corbett ) a tsayin {{Convert|847|m|}} * Beinn Luibhean (Corbett) a tsayin {{Convert|857|m|}} * Jirgin ruwa na Brack (Corbett) mai tsawon {{Convert|787|m|}} * Beinn an Lochain (Corbett) a tsayin {{Convert|703|m|}} * Jirgin ruwan Cobbler (Corbett) mai tsawon {{Convert|870|m|}} == Zaftarewar ƙasa == Zaftarewar ƙasa ta samo asali ne [[Zaizayar Kasa|daga]] ƙanƙara kuma tana da illa a yau, domin yankuna da yawa har yanzu ba su da tabbas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rock slope failures of the arrochar hills - A road tour |url=https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/docs/017_283__arrocharalps_total_1383576245.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920113138/https://geologyglasgow.org.uk/docs/017_283__arrocharalps_total_1383576245.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-20}}</ref> Jirgin A83 yana da saurin [[zaftarewar ƙasa]], gami da ɓangaren da ke cikin Glen Croe. A83 babbar hanya ce zuwa gabar tekun yamma na Scotland. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2023, an yi amfani da jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu wajen ceto mutane goma daga kan hanya, yayin da zaftarewar ƙasa ta kama su a wani ɗan gajeren yanki na hanyar. Idan aka rufe A83, ana karkatar da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa zuwa kan titin sojoji guda ɗaya da ke gudana a ƙasan glen, har zuwa gangaren da ke kan glen da ake kira ''Rest & be Thankful.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=A83 Rest and Be Thankful &#124; Diversion Route &#124; Traffic Scotland |url=https://www.traffic.gov.scot/travel-news/projects-and-events/a83-rest-and-be-thankful-diversion-route |website=www.traffic.gov.scot}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tsohuwar hanyar da ta ratsa glen da aka gani a hoton (wanda yake saman labarin) wani ɓangare ne na hanyar sojoji da ta tashi daga Dumbarton zuwa Inveraray . An gina tsohuwar hanyar a shekarun 1740 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Manjo William Caulfeild . An gina wani dutse da aka rubuta ''"Rest & Be Thankful"'' a kusa da shekarar 1749, bayan an kammala wannan ɓangaren hanya. ''Sauran kuma ku gode wa Allah'' yana nufin wani babban gangare a kan tsohon hanyar soja, wanda ke gaba, shiga hanyar shiga ta Glen Kinglas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2022 |title=Why does the Rest and Be Thankful have such a unique name? - Scottish Daily Express |url=https://www.scottishdailyexpress.co.uk/news/scottish-news/rest-thankful-unique-name-26742684 |website=www.scottishdailyexpress.co.uk}}</ref> == Huta kuma Ku Yi Godiya Gudun Dutsen Speed == Daga 1906 zuwa 1970, an gudanar da gasar tsere ta motoci, ciki har da hawa tuddai da kuma matakan gangami a nan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rest & be Thankful |url=http://www.ourscotland.co.uk/argyll/restthankful.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007020335/http://www.ourscotland.co.uk/argyll/restthankful.htm |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=6 November 2009 |publisher=Scotland from the Roadside}}</ref> == Waƙa == Gilleasbaig Mac an t-Saoir ya tsara waƙa mai suna "Òran Ghlinne Chrò", yana ba da cikakken bayani game da baƙin cikin da ya ji lokacin da mai wasan ya kori garkensa daga cikin gandun daji don ba da damar barewa da farautar wasanni. An rubuta a shekarar 1914. <ref>{{Cite web |title=gilleasbaig in a sentence - gilleasbaig sentence |url=https://eng.ichacha.net/zaoju/gilleasbaig.html |website=eng.ichacha.net}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == c9smp6f37mmblz8jgvwi9wp8kdfu33q 0 172903 966068 954387 2026-10-11T06:47:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wurin shakatawa na Argyll Forest Park''' wani wurin shakatawa ne na daji da ke kan Cowal Peninsula a Argyll da Bute, [[Yankunan tsaunuka na Scotland|tsaunukan Scotland]] . An kafa shi a shekarar 1935, kuma shi ne wurin shakatawa na farko da aka gina a Burtaniya. <ref name="afp">{{Cite web |title=Argyll Forest Park |url=https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |access-date=2018-05-15 |publisher=Forestry Commission Scotland |archive-date=2019-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329163908/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Forestry and Land Scotland|Forestry da Land Scotland]] ne ke kula da wurin shakatawar, kuma ya ƙunshi 211&nbsp;km ² jimilla. <ref name="area">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-21 |title=National Forest Estate Forest Parks GB |url=https://data.gov.uk/dataset/1cfb57ae-72a9-4ab3-95a5-e22d3b2c134f/national-forest-estate-forest-parks-gb |access-date=2018-05-14 |publisher=Scottish Government Spatial Data Infrastructure}}</ref> Daga Holy Loch a kudu zuwa tsaunukan Arrochar a arewa, wurin shakatawa ya ƙunshi wurare daban-daban na shimfidar wurare, tun daga tsaunuka masu tsayi zuwa wurare masu ruwa da ruwa da kuma wuraren shakatawa na ruwa. <ref name="Forestry Commission AGP">{{Cite web |date= |title=Argyll Forest Park - Forestry Commission Scotland |url=http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=Scotland.forestry.gov.uk |archive-date=2019-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329163908/https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/forest-parks/argyll-forest-park |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-01 |title=Argyll Forest Park |url=https://www.visitscotland.com/info/see-do/argyll-forest-park-p330751 |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=VisitScotland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Argyll Forest and the Arrochar Alps |url=http://www.lochlomondtrossachs.org.uk/loch-lomond-and-the-trossachs/argyll-forest-and-the-arrochar-alps |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=Lochlomondtrossachs.org.uk |archive-date=2016-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129024033/http://www.lochlomondtrossachs.org.uk/loch-lomond-and-the-trossachs/argyll-forest-and-the-arrochar-alps |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Argyll Forest Park |url=http://www.arrochar.org.uk/argyllforestpark/ |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=Arrochar |archive-date=2017-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329175328/http://www.arrochar.org.uk/argyllforestpark/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Argyll Forest Park - Arrochar - Days Out |url=http://www.theaa.com/days-out/argyll-forest-park-367702 |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=The AA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-20 |title=Argyll Forest Park |url=http://visitcowal.co.uk/discover-cowal/environment-and-wildlife/argyll-forest-park/ |access-date=2016-11-28 |publisher=visitcowal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331113705/http://visitcowal.co.uk/discover-cowal/environment-and-wildlife/argyll-forest-park/ |archive-date=2018-03-31 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yawancin wurin shakatawa na dazuzzuka yana cikin [[Loch Lomond da Gidan shakatawa na Trossachs|Loch Lomond da The Trossachs National Park]], wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2002; duk da haka, dazuzzukan da ke Corlarach da Ardyne a Cowal suna kusa da iyakar wurin shakatawa na ƙasa amma suna cikin wurin shakatawa na dazuzzuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Argyll Forest Park: Where great forests meet Atlantic shores |url=https://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/pdf/rec_pdfs/ArgyllFPguide.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304181357/http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/pdf/rec_pdfs/ArgyllFPguide.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-04 |access-date=2018-05-03 |publisher=Forestry Commission Scotland}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" class="center"> File:Puck's_Glen_alternative_path_down_to_car_park.jpg|alt=Benmore forest| Dajin Benmore File:Puck's_Glen_winter_ravine.jpg|alt=Puck's Glen ravine, in winter| Kwarin Glen na Puck, a lokacin hunturu File:Glenbranter_morning_mists.jpg| Glenbranter </gallery> == Manyan abubuwan da suka fi daukar hankali == Gandun daji da Ƙasa na Scotland suna haskaka hanyoyi a wurare masu zuwa: <ref name="Forestry Commission AGP" /> * Glenbranter, hanyoyin kekuna da tafiya, tare da tsoffin bishiyoyin oak * Puck's Glen, hanyarsa ta haye kwarin dutse a tsakanin dazuzzuka * Benmore, dajin da ke kewaye da Lambun Botanic na Benmore, tare da manyan bishiyoyi * [[Kilmun Arboretum]], tarin nau'ikan bishiyoyi a cikin bishiyoyin daji * Ardentinny, hanyoyi masu sauƙi da tafiya a bakin teku == Manazarta == dztv39b2gqg6qiz7kgpc840u5txcl8u 0 172985 966113 961961 2026-10-11T09:50:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Novar Wind Farm gona''' ce mai injin turbine mai karfin 50, mai karfin megawatt 53.8 wacce ke cikin tsaunukan Scotland. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Novar |url=https://www.ventientenergy.com/our-portfolio/novar/ |access-date=2019-01-17 |website=Ventient Energy |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070106/https://www.ventientenergy.com/our-portfolio/novar/ |archive-date=2019-01-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An gina Novar a shekarar 1997, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan da suka faru a baya na samar da iska a bakin teku a Scotland. Ta bayar da gudummawa mai yawa ga tattalin arzikin yankin a lokacin gini da kuma ta Asusun Fa'idodin Al'umma. A shekarar 2010 an gina ƙarin injinan turbines guda 16, wanda ya kai ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na shekara zuwa megawatts 53.8. == Wuri == An gina gonar Novar Wind Farm ne daga wurare biyu da ke kan gidan Novar, {{Convert|5|mi|km}} arewa maso yamma da ƙauyen Evanton da {{Convert|5.5|mi|km}} yamma da garin Alness . {{Convert|6|mi|km}} kudu maso yamma akwai Munro Ben Wyvis wanda ke da wurin ajiyar namun daji na ƙasa kuma tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|1046|m|ft}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ross and Cromarty Heritage - Windfarms in Ross-shire |url=http://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/Community/Pan-Ross/Work/Utilities-Windfarms.aspx |access-date=2026-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305224837/http://www.rossandcromartyheritage.org/Community/Pan-Ross/Work/Utilities-Windfarms.aspx |archive-date=2021-03-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasar galibi ƙasa ce mai kyau da aka rufe da ciyawar heather amma kuma ana amfani da ita wajen kiwon tumaki. An gina hanyoyin shiga tsakuwa domin a gina da kuma kula da wurin. == Gine-gine == Npower (Ƙasar Ingila) ce ta gina Novar A kuma ta ba da umarnin a shekarar 1997 da x34 500&nbsp;Ana haɗa injinan injinan Bonus (Siemens) da tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa (Birtaniya) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Novar |url=https://www.ventientenergy.com/our-portfolio/novar/ |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=Ventient Energy |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070106/https://www.ventientenergy.com/our-portfolio/novar/ |archive-date=2019-01-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Novar (United-Kingdom) - Wind farms - Online access - The Wind Power |url=https://www.thewindpower.net/windfarm_en_1436_novar.php |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=www.thewindpower.net}}</ref> Tsakanin 1997 da 2010, mallakar kamfanin ya sauya sau da yawa har sai da Ventient Energy ta karɓe shi. A shekarar 2010, RWE ta fara ginawa don faɗaɗa wurin tare da ƙara manyan gidaje 16, 2,300.&nbsp;injinan injinan Enercon na kW. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Novar Extension (United-Kingdom) - Wind farms - Online access - The Wind Power |url=https://www.thewindpower.net/windfarm_en_19284_novar-extension.php |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=www.thewindpower.net}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2012, Ministan Makamashi na Gwamnatin Scotland, Fergus Ewing ya buɗe sabon wurin a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2012 |title=New Ross wind farm is |url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/News/New-Ross-wind-farm-is-step-change-for-renewables-17092012.htm |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wannan ya ƙara ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki daga megawatts 17 zuwa megawatts 53.8. == Asusun Fa'idodin Al'umma == Kamar yadda yake a gonakin iska da yawa a Scotland, an kafa Asusun Fa'idodin Al'umma. Asusun kwangila ne da mai aiki ya yarda ya biya wani adadi mai ƙayyadadden adadin ga al'ummomin yankin kowace MWh da aka samar. A wannan yanayin, kamfanin RWE Innogy wanda a halin yanzu ke gudanar da Novar Wind Farms ya amince ya biya £2000 ga kowace megawatt da Novar ke samarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Developer Details - Local Energy Scotland |url=https://www.localenergy.scot/projects-and-case-studies/searchable-register-of-community-benefits/developer-details/?id=655&developerId=118 |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=www.localenergy.scot}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An raba kuɗin tsakanin majalisun al'umma na Kiltearn, Ardross, da Alness, waɗanda daga nan ne za su yanke shawara kan yadda za a kashe kuɗin. <ref name=":0" /> Sau da yawa kuɗin yana zuwa makarantun yankin don abubuwa kamar littattafai da kayan wasan yara, ko kuma don taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin al'umma da kuɗaɗen tallafi. == Manazarta == onfsahezbf4q9mqn6admjid582r6d26 0 173098 965889 942180 2026-10-10T17:07:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elissa Minet Fuchs''' (an haife ta '''Elise Minette Levy'''; 10 ga Maris, 1919 - 17 ga Fabrairu, 2023) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Amurka kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo. Ta fara aiki ne a 1935 a kan mataki na vaudeville da kuma zagaye na nightclub, wanda ya haifar da gigs a matsayin yarinya mawaƙa a Broadway. Tare da tsoron karuwar adawa da Yahudawa a duniya, ta canza sunanta don bayyana Faransanci kuma ta ɓoye asalin Yahudawa. A shekara ta 1937, ta shiga kungiyar Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo kuma ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin na tsawon lokaci guda. Daga 1938 zuwa 1950, ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin ballet na mazaunin a Metropolitan Opera, ta yi ritaya a matsayin soloist. Fuchs ya kafa kuma ya ba da umarnin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Rouge Ballet a Louisiana kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan fasaha, uwargidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo a Greensboro Ballet a Arewacin Carolina. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Fuchs Elise Minette Levy a cikin iyalin Yahudawa na Amurka a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1919, a [[New Orleans]] . <ref name="newsandrecord">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=CATHY GANT-HILL Staff |date=March 23, 2000 |title=A FINAL DANCE?\ DANCER ELISSA FUCHS MAY END HER 65-YEAR CAREER THIS WEEKEND, STARRING AS SLEEPING BEAUTY'S EVIL NEMESIS. |url=https://greensboro.com/a-final-dance-dancer-elissa-fuchs-may-end-her-65-year-career-this-weekend-starring/article_3de93a07-6793-5702-a072-64a246aff396.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record}}</ref><ref name="newsandrecord3">{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=CATHY GANT HILL Staff |date=July 3, 2002 |title=MEDAL OF ARTS RECIPIENT, 83, STILL DANCING |url=https://greensboro.com/medal-of-arts-recipient-83-still-dancing/article_a5a91958-555c-54bd-bb30-afb4c478d7f2.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325201936/https://greensboro.com/medal-of-arts-recipient-83-still-dancing/article_a5a91958-555c-54bd-bb30-afb4c478d7f2.html |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur Levy, ɗan kasuwa ne wanda ke sayar da kayan haske kuma mahaifiyarta, Rose Levy, mai zane ce.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="ohenry">{{Cite web |date=December 2011 |title=December 2011/January 2012 O.Henry Magazine by O.Henry magazine - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/ohenrymag/docs/decjanohenry |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=issuu.com}}</ref> Babbar 'yar'uwar Fuchs ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kafin ta bar mataki don yin aure.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Ta fara darussan rawa lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku kuma, tana da shekaru bakwai, ta fara karatun ballet na gargajiya.<ref name="newsandrecord2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NANCY MCLAUGHLIN Staff |date=March 2023 |title=Elissa Fuchs, longtime mentor to many at the Greensboro Ballet, was a 'rare gem' |url=https://greensboro.com/news/local/elissa-fuchs-longtime-mentor-to-many-at-the-greensboro-ballet-was-a-rare-gem/article_7ea0bde8-b635-11ed-b398-ebde99c9a5a7.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Satumbar 1935, yayin da take shirin kammala makarantar sakandare a New Orleans, ita da mahaifiyarta sun ji game da damar rawa a [[Chicago]].<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Mahaifinta da farko ya ki amincewa amma, tare da goyon bayan mahaifiyarta, 'yar'uwarta, da malamin iyali, an ba ta izinin tafiya zuwa Chicago don neman aiki a matsayin mai rawa.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> == Ayyuka == === Rayuwa a matsayin mai rawa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo === Bayan ta isa Chicago tare da mahaifiyarta, Fuchs ta canza sunanta daga Elise Minette Levy zuwa Elissa Minet kuma ta yanke shawarar yin ƙarya game da shekarunta, tana cewa tana da shekara goma sha takwas maimakon goma sha shida.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Canjin sunanta shine don ɓoye asalinsa na Yahudawa kuma ya bayyana Faransanci, saboda har yanzu yana da haɗari ga Yahudawa su yi a fili kuma asalin Faransanci ya yi kira ga duniyar ballet.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ya tafi sauraro tare da aboki da abokin rawa, Alda Marova . <ref name="newsandrecord" /> Bayan kwana huɗu na sauraro, ta gwada don wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville wanda [[Mike Todd]] ya samar da ake kira Bring on the Dames, ta karɓi kira daga darektan rawa Fred Evans.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> An hayar Fuchs don wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya zagaya watanni takwas.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Mahaifiyarta ta zauna tare da ita na shekaru shida na farko na aikinta, kuma Todd ya hayar ta a matsayin mai sutura da mataimakin tufafi.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="ohenry" /> A shekara ta 1937, ta yi aiki a wani wasan kwaikwayo na Todd a New York, amma wasan kwaikwayon daga baya ya ninka.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Bayan haka, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shirye-shiryen vaudeville daban-daban da kuma a wuraren shakatawa na dare da kuma wuraren cin abincin dare a Birnin Chicago da New York, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin yarinya mai suna chorus a cikin shirye'shiryen Broadway da yawa da kuma Borscht Belt.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta yanke shawarar komawa ballet kuma, a cikin 1937, ta shiga kamfanin ballet na Rasha Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo, tana rawa tare da su na watanni shida.<ref name="ohenry" /> Bayan ta bar Ballet Russe, ta yi aiki a Bond International Casino a cikin birni.<ref name="ohenry" /> A shekara ta 1938, an ba ta damar yin sauraro a Moulin Rouge a [[Faris|Paris]], amma mahaifinta ya ki yarda da shi saboda hauhawar Antisemitism a Turai da kuma hauhawar [[Adolf Hitler]] zuwa mulki a makwabciyar Jamus.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ya zauna a Amurka kuma ya lashe jerin gwaje-gwaje don kamfanin ballet na Metropolitan Opera, ya doke wasu masu rawa 500 ciki har da Nora Kaye da Alicia Alonso.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> Ta yi rawa tare da kamfanin har zuwa 1950, ta fara ne a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ballet kuma ta yi ritaya a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa.<ref name="newsandrecord" /> A Metropolitan Opera Ballet, ta yi rawa a matsayin Cleopatra a cikin ''Faust'', Daya daga cikin Alheri Uku a ''Tannhäuser'', Babban Firist a ''Aida'', kuma a matsayin Gypsy a ''Carmen''. <ref name="ohenry" /> <ref name="friendshomes">{{Cite web |date=Spring 2019 |title=A bond of ballet, opera and The Met |url=https://www.friendshomes.org/wp-content/uploads/files/newsletters/The-UPDATE-Spring-2019.pdf |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=friendshomes.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325212547/https://www.friendshomes.org/wp-content/uploads/files/newsletters/The-UPDATE-Spring-2019.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ta dauki darussan ballet tare da [[George Balanchine]] . <ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta yi rawa ta ƙarshe a watan Maris na shekara ta 2000 a matsayin Carabosse a cikin Greensboro Ballet na Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty . <ref name="newsandrecord" /> === Actress na rediyo, dan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma malamin ballet === A cikin shekarun 1940, Fuchs ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan rediyo, tana aiki a wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo.<ref name="ohenry" /> Ta shiga Victory Troupe, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo, kuma ta yi aiki tare da Milton Berle, Martha Raye, Victor Mature, [[Carol Landis]], Walter O'Keefe, da Katie Smith.<ref name="ohenry" /> Fuchs ta koma Louisiana a 1950 tare da mijinta, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin darektan opera a Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana kuma a matsayin mai gudanar da Baton Rouge Symphony . <ref name="ohenry" /> Yayinda take zaune a Baton Rouge, ta kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baton Rouge Ballet, kamfanin ballet da makarantar ballet.<ref name="nola">{{Cite web |last=EDITOR |first=LETTERS TO THE |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Letters: Dance instructor's extraordinary life made her community much richer |url=https://www.nola.com/opinions/letters/letters-dance-instructors-life-made-community-much-richer/article_73844866-b546-11ed-bce8-cb4641309ca0.html |access-date=26 March 2023 |website=NOLA.com}}</ref> Fuchs ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin uwargidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo na New Orleans Opera da sauran kamfanonin zane-zane a Jackson, Mississippi da Mobile, Alabama.<ref name="newsandrecord" /><ref name="newsandrecord3" /> Bayan shekaru ashirin da shida na koyarwa a Baton Rouge, ita da mijinta suka koma Greensboro, North Carolina a 1976, inda mijinta ya gaji Sheldon Morgenstern a matsayin darektan Greensboro Symphony Orchestra . [1][2] Fuchs ya yi aiki a ayyukan rawa daban-daban yayin da ya koma Arewacin Carolina, gami da shirya wasan kwaikwayo na farko na shekara-shekara na Greensboro Symphony Guild Debutante Ball da kuma shirya wasan kwaikwayo da aiki a matsayin manajan samarwa na Greensworth Opera . [1] A matsayinta na mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo don wasan kwaikwayo na Greensboro Opera The Masked Ball . [1] Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na al'umma.[3] Fuchs daga nan ya shiga cikin Civic Ballet Theatre, wanda daga baya aka sani da Greensboro Ballet, kuma ya gudanar da kamfanin a matsayin darektan fasaha na shekara guda.[1][4] Bayan ta sauka a matsayin darektan fasaha, ta shiga kwamitin daraktocin ballet kuma ta taimaka wajen hayar Maryhelen Mayfield, tsohon mai rawa tare da Kansas City Ballet, don karɓar kamfanin. [1] [3] Mayfield ta hayar da Fuchs don koyar da ballet kuma ta zama uwargidan ballet a Greensboro Ballet. [2][5] A cikin 1981, ita da Mayfield sun dauki bakuncin wani wasan kwaikwayo na kayan ado tare da taken Nutcracker.[2] Duk da gasa tare da Makarantar Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina da ke kusa da ita a Winston-Salem suna samar da nasu The Nutcracker, Mayfield da Fuchs sun samar da kuma tsara wannan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara na Greensboro Ballet.[2] A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta koyar da darussan ballet na manya a Makarantar Greensboro Ballet kuma ta taimaka tare da samarwa ga kamfanin.[2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] q0cokfgqsgefpph0o6gq32j6cgzwnf0 0 173415 966055 943324 2026-10-11T04:55:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:20161130_110407The_Old_Souk.jpg|thumb| Tsohon Souk]] [[File:20161201_095313Metissa_Dam.jpg|thumb| Metissa Dam Wadi Mzab]] '''Ghardaïa''' ( Arabic , Tumzabt ) ita ce babban birnin lardin Ghardaïa, [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] . Al'ummar garin Ghardaïa tana da yawan jama'a 93,423 bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta 2008, <ref name="census2008">{{Cite web |title=Population: Ghardaia Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516131832/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p1.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2013 |access-date=12 February 2013 |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |language=fr}}</ref> daga 87,599 a shekarar 1998, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Algeria Communes |url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html |access-date=9 March 2013 |publisher=Statoids}}</ref> tare da karuwar da ta kai 0.7%. <ref name="census2008" /> , har zuwa 477953 a shekarar 2019 tare da ƙimar ci gaban shekara-shekara na 0.7%. Tana cikin arewacin tsakiyar Aljeriya a [[Sahara]] kuma tana gefen hagu na Wadi Mzab. An sanya [[M'zab]] da ke Lardin Ghardaïa a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Wurin Gado na Duniya]] a shekarar 1982, a matsayin kadarar al'adu da aka kimanta a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan II (don zama a wurin da ya shafi tsare-tsaren birane har zuwa wannan ƙarni), III (don dabi'un al'adun [[Ibadi]] ), da V (al'adun zama a wurin da ya shahara har zuwa wannan ƙarni). <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=M'Zab Valley |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/188 |access-date=12 November 2010 |publisher=Unesco.org}}</ref> <ref name="Valley">{{Cite web |title=The Mazab valley: Evaluation Report |url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/188.pdf |access-date=12 November 2010 |publisher=Unesco.org}}</ref> Ghardaïa wani ɓangare ne na pentapolis, birni mai tsayi tsakanin wasu huɗu, wanda aka gina kusan shekaru dubu da suka gabata a kwarin M'Zab. Mozabites ne suka kafa shi, ƙungiyar [[Ibadi]] ta Musulman [[Abzinawa|Berber]] . <ref name="world">{{Cite web |title=Ghardaïa, Algeria |url=http://www.ovpm.org/en/algeria/ghardaia |access-date=12 November 2010 |publisher=Organization of World Heritage Sites}}</ref> Ita ce babbar cibiyar samar da dabino da kuma ƙera kafet da yadi. An raba shi zuwa sassa uku masu ganuwa, gari ne mai ganuwa. A tsakiyar wurin akwai yankin tarihi na Mʾzabite, tare da masallaci mai kama da dala da kuma wani fili mai katangar dutse. <ref name="Britannica" /> Gidaje masu launin fari, ruwan hoda, da ja, waɗanda aka yi da yashi, yumbu da gypsum, <ref name="Tilouine" /> suna kan bene da kuma arcades. <ref name="Britannica" /> A cikin littafinta na 1963, ''La Force des choses'', [[Imanin wanzuwa|masanin falsafar rayuwa ɗan]] [[Faransa]] Simone de Beauvoir ya bayyana Ghardaïa a matsayin "zanen Cubist da aka gina da kyau". <ref name="Tilouine">{{Cite web |last=Tilouine |first=Joan |date=6 November 2017 |title=Oasis de Ghardaïa, la richesse du secret |url=http://www.apaj.org/textes/2009/joan-tilouine-oasis-de-ghardaia-la-richesse-du-secret/ |access-date=12 November 2010 |website=voyages.liberation.fr}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == A cewar J. Delheure, sunan ''Ghardaïa'' na iya samo asali ne daga tushen Tamazight ''Gh·R·D'', ma'ana "mafi girman ɓangaren kafadu", "ƙarfi", ko "iko", yana ba ''Taɣərdayt'' . Wannan fassarar tana nufin wurin da katangar take a saman tudun. Duk da haka, wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa ''Taɣərdayt'' yana nufin "plateau da ke kusa da kwarin", wanda daga nan aka samo sunan ''Ghardaïa'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=التسمية الصحيحة لقرى وادي مزاب |url=https://nir-osra.org/D9 |website=NIR Osra}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A madadin haka, sunan ''Ghardaïa'' na iya samo asali ne daga wata waliyya mace mai suna Daïa, wacce aka ce ta zauna a cikin kogo ( ''ghār'' ) a yankin kafin ta zama gari da Musulmai 'yan Ibadi ke zaune waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa can don gujewa zalunci a ƙarƙashin [[Halifancin Fatimid|Khalifancin Fatimid]] . <ref name="Britannica" /> == Tarihi == An rubuta kwarin M'Zab, wanda ke cikin tudun dutse mai daraja, a ƙarƙashin Jerin Gado na UNESCO, wani yanki ne na musamman na birane biyar da aka killace a faɗinsu ya kai murabba'in da biyar.&nbsp;km ² yana da 600&nbsp;kilomita zuwa kudu da [[Aljir|Algiers]], babban birnin Aljeriya. Asalin gine-ginen kwarin hamada mai rabin-hamada an gina shi ne a farkon ƙarni na 11. An danganta shi da [[Ibadi|Ibadis]], tare da asalin al'adunsu da asalinsu daga Maghreb ; babban birninsu yana Tahert a matsayin Masarautar Ibadi. An tilasta musu barin Tahert sakamakon wata gobara mai tsanani a shekara ta 909 (an ruwaito cewa wanda ya kafa Daular Fatimid (Shi'a) ne ya haddasa barna <ref name="world" /> ). Da farko sun ƙaura zuwa Sedrata sannan daga ƙarshe suka ƙaura zuwa kwarin M'Zab. Sun zauna a ƙauyuka biyar masu garu da ke kan tsaunuka, waɗanda aka fi sani da "Kosars", kodayake da sun iya zama a wani babban ƙauye wanda ya ƙunshi dukkan biyar ɗin. An tsara gidan ne da cikakkun bayanai masu zurfi don tsara tsare-tsare masu inganci waɗanda aka tsara bisa ƙa'idodin rayuwar al'umma a cikin yanayin tsaro. An tsara harsashin Ghardaïa a shekarar 1048 ko 1053. An tsara kowace ƙauye a cikin yanayin ƙasa daban-daban wanda ya ƙunshi ƙaramin tsibiri, tudu, tudu, kololuwa da kuma wurin hutu. An ƙarfafa ƙauyukan ta yadda ba za a iya isa gare su ga ƙungiyoyin makiyaya ba. Ƙauyuka biyar da aka kafa masu irin wannan tsarin sune Ghardaïa, Melika, Beni Isguen, Bou Noura da El Atteuf. "Ƙananan gine-ginen gini", kamar yadda ake kiransu, kowannensu yana da masallacin nasa mai minaret wanda ke aiki a matsayin hasumiyoyin tsaro, da kuma gidajen da aka gina a kusa da masallacin a da'ira mai ma'ana kuma aka kewaye su da manyan bango (wanda ya kai har zuwa garun). Gine-ginen tare sun ba wa kowace ƙauye jin kamar sansanin soja. Masallacin ya kuma tanadar da wurin ajiyar hatsi da makamai don kariya. <ref name="Unesco" /> <ref name="Valley" /> <ref name="world" /> Duk da haka, a lokacin bazara mazauna sun yi ƙaura zuwa wani "ƙaramin birni" a wajen ƙauyukan da aka gina da shinge, a cikin wani wuri na yau da kullun na itacen dabino na wucin gadi, [[Maƙabarta|makabarta]] da masallaci. <ref name="world" /> An ƙirƙiri ksar a shekarar 476/1085 ta hanyar ƙabilu biyu : Aoulad Ammi-Aïssa da Aoulad Ba-Slimane. Kowace ƙabila tana ɗauke da ɓangarori daban-daban, wani yanki na musamman da kuma makabarta '''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ali Khodja |first=Mehdi |date=15 July 2019 |title=Évolution du tracé urbain des ksour de la vallée du M'Zab : d'el-Ateuf à Tafilelt, sauvegarde d'un patrimoine millénaire |url=http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article91042 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604122645/http://www.secheresse.info/spip.php?article91042 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |access-date=10 April 2020 |website=secheresse.info/}}</ref>''' . Ghardaïa shine birni mafi arziki na M'Zab Vallée. Ya riga ya kasance yana da wani aiki mai ƙarfi na kasuwanci da sana'o'i. A fannin zamantakewa, ita ce Ksar kaɗai, tare da Melika, waɗanda ba kawai suka zauna a cikin Ibadites Berbers ba, har ma da Larabawan Malekits da kuma al'ummar Yahudawa har zuwa lokacin samun 'yancin kan Aljeriya. Domin gina Ksar, waɗanda suka kafa Ghardaïa, ƙaramin rukuni na mutane, a ƙarƙashin wani Sheikh, sun zaɓi wani tudu mai nisan mita 200 a kudu da M'Zab Oued don dalilai na kariya. Daga nesa da yamma, sun ƙirƙiri gonar dabino don noman abinci. Ksar Ghardaïa, kamar yadda yake a yau, bai bayyana a lokaci ɗaya ba. A cewar hukumar gwamnati da ke kula da kare Gadon M'Zab, Ghardaïa ta ga matakai huɗu na juyin halitta har zuwa 1882, lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka mamaye ta. <ref name=":0" /> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:Ghardaïa_commune_map.png|thumb| Taswirar manyan matsugunan da ke cikin lardin Ghardaïa]] Birnin yana cikin [[Sahara|Hamadar Sahara]] a arewacin tsakiyar Aljeriya. Lardin Ghardaïa ya rabu zuwa <nowiki><i id="mwuA">ƙananan hukumomi</i></nowiki> ko ƙananan hukumomi 13, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙaramar hukumar Ghardaïa. Tana da iyaka da Ouargla da El Bayadh Wilayas. Tana cikin kwarin [[M'zab]], tana kwance a gefen hagu na [[Wadi Mzab]], wanda yawanci yake bushewa a duk shekara. Yanzu haka kwamin Ghardaïa ya mamaye yanki mai fadin murabba'in {{Convert|590|km2|sqmi}} kuma ya haɗa da wasu unguwannin birni, garuruwa da ƙauyuka ban da Ghardaïa. Matsugunan unguwannin sun haɗa da [[Mélika]], [[Béni Isguen]], Bounoura (Has Bunur) da El Atteuf (Tadjnint), waɗanda duk suna kudu maso gabashin birnin Ghardaïa da kuma tsohuwar ksar ta Metlili-Chaamba ko Metlili wadda take da {{Convert|42|km|mi}} zuwa kudu maso yamma.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} A wajen kwarin Mzab, [[Berriane]] (Has Ibergane) da El Guerrara (Iguerraren) garuruwa ne masu tarihi, {{Convert|45|km|mi}} na farko zuwa arewa, kuma na biyu {{Convert|110|km|mi}} zuwa arewa maso gabas. === Ilimin Ruwa da Ruwa === Mozabites ne suka ƙirƙiro tsarin rarraba ruwa na Ghardaïa na da, a matsayin martani ga kwararar ruwa na tsawon lokaci (koguna). Da suka fahimci muhimmancin wannan albarkatun ƙasa, 'yan Mozabites sun ƙirƙiro wani tsarin hydraulic na musamman na ramuka don girbe ruwan sama da kuma karkatar da shi zuwa ga wuraren da ke da tsaunuka. Suna da daidaiton rarraba ruwa ga dukkan lambuna kuma suna kiyaye ingantattun matakan kariya daga ambaliyar ruwa. <ref name="Mozambite">{{Cite web |title=Ghardaïa remains unchanged as major centre of Mozabite life |url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/reportage/2006/09/29/reportage-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121220045347/http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/reportage/2006/09/29/reportage-01 |archive-date=20 December 2012 |access-date=12 January 2010 |publisher=Magharebia}}</ref> Ana samun damar samar da ruwan ta hanyoyi da dama ta hanyar tsarin ban ruwa mai rikitarwa wanda ke rarraba ruwa daga rijiyoyi da yawa. <ref name="Tilouine" /> Haƙa rijiya ya kai zurfin da ya kama daga {{Convert|350|ft|m}} zuwa {{Convert|500|ft|m}}, suna jan ruwa daga burbushin ƙasa na ƙasar Albian wanda aka kiyasta cewa tanadar ta kai tiriliyan 1.5 ^m3 . === Yanayi === Ghardaïa tana da yanayin hamada mai zafi ( [[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen climate classification]] ''BWh'' ), tare da lokacin zafi mai tsanani da kuma lokacin hunturu mai sauƙi. Yankin yana da manyan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki tsakanin dare da rana, kuma lokacin rani da hunturu suna farawa daga digiri 5.&nbsp;°C (41)&nbsp;°F) zuwa mafi girma na 46&nbsp;°C (114.8)&nbsp;°F). Iskar da ke yawan faruwa a lokacin bazara tana da zafi sosai, bushewa sosai kuma tana da ƙarfi, yayin da iskar hunturu take da dumi kuma bushewa. Guguwar yashi galibi tana faruwa ne daga Maris zuwa Mayu. A watan Oktoba na 2008, ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi Ghardaïa sosai saboda ruwan sama mai ƙarfi. == Al'adu == Mazauna yankin sun kiyaye gine-ginen tarihi na zamanin da sosai; kwarin da Ghardaïa ke ciki yana cikin wani yanki na [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihi na Duniya]] na hukuma. Unguwar Medabian tana arewa maso yamma. Harabar sojoji da asibiti suna yankin kudu. <ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Ghardaia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/232469/Ghardaia |access-date=November 11, 2010 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Ana kiran birnin da "lu'u-lu'u na dausayi", kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman yankunan yawon buɗe ido a kudancin Aljeriya saboda tsoffin al'adunta. Baya ga yawon bude ido, Wilaya ta Ghardaïa kuma tana jawo hankalin masana ilimin ɗan adam, masu gine-gine, masu bincike da masana tarihi don bincika al'adunta, ilimin ɗan adam da kuma keɓancewarta ta gine-gine. <ref name="Oasis">{{Cite web |title=Ghardaia, la perle des oasis |url=http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.dtw-ghardaia.com/&ei=UrzcTJ_pFYrIuAOZidWQCg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=15&ved=0CG4Q7gEwDg&prev=/search%3Fq%3DGharda%25C3%25AFa%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DGbl%26sa%3DG%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Ds%26prmd%3Dvinm |access-date=2010-11-12 |publisher=Ministry of Tourism}}</ref> Wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da jin daɗin al'umma shine gaskiyar cewa suna bin ƙa'idodin shugabanci da himma, kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga kulawa da kula da al'umma. Mozabites, bisa la'akari da tsauraran matakan da suke ɗauka a tattaunawar, sun mamaye ɓangaren kuɗi, musamman a fannin banki da kuma fannin jumla. Suna kuma da nasu masallaci, makabarta, nishaɗi da wasannin motsa jiki. Suna da tsarin gadon zamantakewa na uba. Wani abu na musamman tsakanin 'yan Mozabite shine cewa tun daga haihuwa "Al'umma tana kula da Mozabite don ilimi, aiki, aure, da gina gida. An shirya Touiza (ƙungiyoyin masu sa kai) don gina gidaje." <ref name="Mozambite" /> Wilaya ta Ghardaïa kuma sananne ne saboda Saƙa, Dinanderie D'art, kwandon kwando, tukwane da saka kafet. Katunan yankin suna da farin jini sosai har kowace shekara ana gudanar da "Ranar Katunan Ƙasa" a watan Maris. <ref name="Oasis" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Biranen Aljeriya]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5xnocymd4xkhmlfrsny4hss7ctl2cb7 0 173449 965914 943412 2026-10-10T19:20:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Eriogonum spectabile.jpg|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Eriogonum|species=spectabile|authority=[[Beth Lowe Corbin|B.L.Corbin]], [[J. L. Reveal|Reveal]] & [[Robin Baron|R.Baron]]}} Eriogonum spectabile wani nau'in buckwheat ne na daji wanda aka fi sani da sunan Barron's buckwhoat . Yana da iyaka a Plumas County, California, inda aka san shi daga abubuwan da suka faru biyu a cikin gandun daji na Lassen kusa da Chester. Akwai kimanin mutane 250 da ke wanzu. Yana girma a cikin scrubby, gandun daji na tsaunuka, kawai a kan glaciated andesite substrates. An gano wannan tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki a cikin 1997 kuma an bayyana shi ga kimiyya a matsayin sabon nau'in a cikin 2001.<ref name="tnc" /><ref name="corbin">{{Cite journal |last=Corbin |first=Beth Lowe |last2=Reveal |first2=James L. |last3=Barron |first3=Robin |date=2000 |title=Eriogonum Spectabile (polygonaceae): A New Species from Northeastern California |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41425356 |journal=Madroño |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=134–137 |issn=0024-9637}}</ref> Wannan karamin shrub ne, karamin shuke-shuke da ke girma a cikin mat har zuwa 25 centimeters fadi da 15 tsayi. Yaduwar tsokoki suna ɗauke da ganye mai laushi, kowane ganye tare da takalma mai laushi har zuwa 2 centimeters tsawo da 1 fadi. Shuka yana fure tare da ƙananan, tsayi masu fure da ke ɗauke da furanni. Furen suna da fari, suna tsufa da ruwan hoda, gashi da glandular, kuma kusan rabin santimita ne. Babban barazanar wannan nau'in shine katako. Sauran barazanar sun hada da ganye, gasa tare da wasu tsire-tsire, [[Sauyin yanayi|Canjin yanayi]], da canje-canje a cikin tsarin wuta na gandun daji na asali.<ref name="tnc" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=80952 Jiki na Jepson] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180102214228/http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/detail/13.html California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Profile] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5389440}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cfgayvhi9duiplpt6upc0rntre4rehr 0 173453 966050 943421 2026-10-11T04:26:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgeanna Marie Tillman Gordon''' (6 ga Fabrairu, 1944 - 6 ga Janairu, 1980) mawaƙiya ce 'yar Amurka kuma memba ce ta asali a ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta [[Motown]] Marvelettes . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Tillman kuma ya girma a unguwar Inkster da ke Detroit, Michigan . Tillman tana da 'yan'uwa mata uku, Sharon, Anna Marie, da Thea, kuma iyayenta su ne Annabelle da George Tillman, waɗanda aka san su da sunanta. <ref name="Georgeanna Gordon" /> <ref name="Jet">{{Cite web |date=February 7, 1980 |title=Jet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7YDAAAAMBAJ&dq=georgeanna+tillman+dies&pg=PA60 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Johnson Publishing Company |via=Google Books}}</ref> A shekarar 1960, an ɗauki Tillman aiki a cikin ƙungiyar mata tare da tsoffin membobin ƙungiyar glee ta makarantar sakandare ta Inkster Gladys Horton, Katherine Anderson da Juanita Cowart. <ref>Warner, Jay (2006). ''American Singing Groups: A History from 1940 to Today'' (Hal Leonard) p. 421. {{ISBN|0-634-09978-7}}.</ref> Daga baya Horton ya ƙara Georgia Dobbins cikin jerin 'yan wasan. === Aiki tare da Marvelettes === Ƙungiyar ta kira kansu da suna ''The Casinyets'', wato "ba za mu iya rera waƙa ba tukuna". Ƙungiyar ta yi gwajin gwaji ga Motown bayan wasan kwaikwayo na baiwa, kuma yayin da gwajin ya yi nasara, an nemi ƙungiyar ta ba da wani kundin waƙoƙi. Bayan Dobbins ta ƙirƙiri waƙar " Please Mr. Postman ", Dobbins ta bar ƙungiyar bayan mahaifinta ya ƙi barin ta ta yi wasa a cikin ƙungiyar. <ref name="Unsung" /> Ƙungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Marvelettes jim kaɗan bayan Motown ta sanya hannu kan dokar, kuma an maye gurbin Dobbins da Wanda Young . <ref name="Unsung" /> A shekarar 1961, ƙungiyar ta fitar da " Please Mr. Postman " a shekarar 1961. <ref name="Unsung" /> Waƙar za ta kasance a saman jadawalin, inda ta kai matsayi na 1 a jerin waƙoƙin <nowiki><i id="mwRA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, inda ta zama waƙar Pop ta farko da Motown ta fara bugawa a lamba 1. Ƙungiyar za ta buga wakoki kamar " Playboy ", " Beechwood 4-5789 ", "Someday, Someway", "Strange I Know", " Locking Up My Heart ," da kuma " Too Much Fish in the Sea ". <ref name="soul">{{Cite web |title=The Marvelettes Page |url=http://www.soulwalking.co.uk/Marvelettes.html |access-date=January 2, 2024 |website=Soulwalking.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 1965, Tillman ta bar ƙungiyar bayan an gano ta da [[Lupus|cutar lupus]], kuma har yanzu tana fama da [[Ƙwayoyin Cutar Sikila|cutar sikila]] . <ref name="soul" /> Likitarta ta shawarce ta da ta bar harkar wasan kwaikwayo har abada, yayin da cutar ta ƙara ta'azzara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2017 |title=Marvelettes |url=https://www.lupus.org.uk/celebrities-with-link-to-lupus/news-events/celebrity/282-marvelettes?format=amp |access-date=February 2, 2024 |website=Lupus.org.uk}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta ci gaba da aiki a Motown a matsayin sakatare har sai da Motown ta koma [[Los Angeles]] . <ref name="Jet" /> === Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa === Tillman ya auri Billy Gordon, babban mawaƙin Contours, a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1963. Suna da ɗa, Darrian. Kafin rasuwarta, daliba ce a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Wayne County kuma sakatare ce a Asibitin Jihar Plymouth. Tillman ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1980 a gidanta da ke Inkster, Michigan sakamakon matsalolin lupus ko cutar sickle cell. <ref name="Jet" /> An yi mata jana'iza a filin shakatawa na Metropolitan Memorial da ke Belleville, Michigan . <ref name="Recollections" /> <ref name="Georgeanna Gordon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] mil5z8fy7y91ln3xi8xgcxd54tbtvuq 0 173456 965913 943426 2026-10-10T19:18:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Eriogonum|species=evanidum|authority=[[J. L. Reveal|Reveal]]}} '''''Eriogonum evanidum''''' wani nau'in buckwheat ne na daji wanda aka sani da sunan da ake kira buckwhoat na daji. Yana da asali a kudancin [[California]] da Baja California, inda aka tattara shi daga yankuna da suka warwatse. Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi yanzu An cire shi. Wasu kafofin sun ba da shawarar cewa mai yiwuwa [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|ya ƙare]], amma an sake gano samfurori masu rai a cikin 2007. == Bayyanawa == Wannan itace ne na shekara-shekara wanda ke samar da tsayi, tsayi mai tsayi game da 10 ko 20 centimeters tsawo kewaye da tushe da ƙananan ganye har zuwa centimeter tsawo da centimeter fadi. Fure mai fure yana da rassa daga babban tushe kuma yana da 'yan centimeters tsawo. An cika shi da ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya kowannensu yana kusa da millimeter.<ref name="fna">{{Cite web |title=Eriogonum evanidum in Flora of North America @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060278 |access-date=2021-10-07 |website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> == Tarihin lissafi == James Reveal ya bayyana shuka a matsayin sabon nau'in a cikin 2004 ta amfani da samfurori da aka ware daga tarin ''Eriogonum foliosum'' bisa ga wasu halaye na morphological.<ref name="reveal">{{Cite journal |last=Reveal |first=J L |date=2004 |title=New entities in Eriogonum (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae) |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/28429 |journal=Phytologia. |volume=86 |pages=121–159 |doi=10.5962/bhl.part.28429 |issn=0031-9430 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Samfurori sun fito ne daga wurare da yawa a kudancin California tsaunuka, gami da Bear Valley a cikin San Bernardino Mountains da Pine Valley a gabashin [[San Diego]].<ref name="reveal" /> An yi amfani da kayan aikin Herbarium na shuka tun farkon 1893, kuma mafi yawan takardun jinsin sun faru ne tsakanin 1920 da 1940. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fraga |first=Naomi S. |last2=Kempton |first2=Elizabeth |last3=Gross |first3=Le Roy |last4=Bell |first4=Duncan |date=2012 |title=Reappearance of the Vanishing Wild Buckwheat: A Status Review of Eriogonum evanidum (Polygonaceae) |url=http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3120/0024-9637-59.3.150 |journal=Madroño |language=en |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=150–155 |doi=10.3120/0024-9637-59.3.150 |issn=0024-9637 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An yi la'akari da nau'in har sai binciken da Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden (RSABG) ya yi a ƙarshen lokacin rani da fall na 2007 da 2008 suka sake gano shuka. An gano cewa yana nan a duk faɗin tarihinsa a Amurka, amma matsayin yawan mutanen Baja California ya kasance ba a sani ba.<ref name=":0" /> === Magana === An ba wa jinsin sunan ''Eriogonum evanidum'' da kuma ma'anar "buckwheat na daji mai ɓacewa" saboda a lokacin bayaninsa an ɗauka ya ƙare saboda rashin lura.<ref name=":0" /> == Karewa == Babban barazanar wannan nau'in ya haɗa da ci gaban ƙasa, nishaɗi, da yaduwar tsire-tsire marasa asali. Abubuwan da suka faru na shuka a kusa da Big Bear Lake da Baldwin Lake ba su kasance ba, ma'ana ana iya kawar da su. Bincike a Warner Springs bai sami wurin zama da ya dace ba.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=81391 Jiki na Jepson] * [http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/detail/1661.html California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Profile] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?where-genre=Plant&where-taxon=Eriogonum+evanidum Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5389373}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rs53ytljoy0k1z8rof5acq80pl5rcva 0 173463 965912 952526 2026-10-10T19:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=The cedars buckwheat imported from iNaturalist photo 211897391 on 12 March 2024.jpg|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="NatureServe">{{Cite NatureServe |date=31 July 2026 |id=2.836576 |title=''Eriogonum cedrorum'' |access-date=29 August 2026}}</ref>|genus=Eriogonum|species=cedrorum|authority=[[J. L. Reveal|Reveal]] & [[Roger Edward Raiche|Raiche]]}} '''''Eriogonum cedrorum''''' wani nau'in buckwheat ne na daji wanda aka fi sani da sunan The Cedars buckwhoat . Yana da iyaka a Sonoma County, California inda aka san shi ne kawai daga Cedars, wani yanki da ba a kafa shi ba a waje da Guerneville kusa da Cazadero. == Rarraba == An san Cedars da wadatar botanical, gami da nau'ikan shuke-shuke na Cedars fairy lantern da serpentine fleabane.<ref name="raiche">{{Cite magazine|url-status=3–15}}</ref> Gidan yana da Macijin wanda ke kewaye da ƙasa da ba maciji ba kuma yawancin tsire-tsire masu maciji da ke kewaye suna warewa a ciki. Yawancin tsire-tsire sun dace da yanayin alkaline, suna girma a tsakanin ruwan da ke da wadataccen ma'adinai wanda zai iya samun pH har zuwa 11.<ref name="raiche" /> Ana iya samunsa a wurare uku tare da kimanin mutane 1500 zuwa 2000 da ke wanzu. == Bayyanawa == ''Eriogonum cedrorum'' itace mai tsayi ne mai tsayi wanda ke girma har zuwa rabin mita a fadin tare da gashi ko ganye mai laushi. Yana da Tushen mai laushi da caudex wanda aka rufe shi da rosettes na ganye kowannensu har zuwa 1.5 centimeters tsawo da 1 fadi. Inflorescence yana tasowa a kan tsayin daka har zuwa 8 centimeters. Inflorescence kanta tarin furanni ne masu launin rawaya waɗanda da sauri suka juya ja mai duhu. Ana rufe ƙwayoyin tare da anthers masu launin rawaya. == Tarihin lissafi == An fara tattara wannan nau'in buckwheat a 1947 kuma an bayyana shi ga kimiyya a matsayin sabon nau'in a 2009.<ref name="reveal">{{Cite journal |last=Reveal |first=J.L. |last2=Raiche |first2=R. |year=2009 |title=''Eriogonum cedrorum'' (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae), a new species from northwestern California |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-botanical-research-institute-texas_2009_3_2/page/479 |journal=Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=479–483 |jstor=41971826}}</ref> James L. Reveal da Roger Edward Raiche ne suka bayyana shi ta hanyar kimiyya a cikin jinsin ''Eriogonum'' a cikin dangin Polygonaceae. Ba shi da Ma'anar tsire-tsire. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje ==   * Jepson Manual Treatment - Eriogonum cedrorum. An samo shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2023. * [http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/detail/3388.html California Native Plant Society Rare Plant Profile: ''Eriogonum cedrorum''] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. An samo shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2023. {{Taxonbar|from=Q5389351}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m99z3tb8nynqhbaqvvn1o1owp67nkga 0 173585 965966 943782 2026-10-10T21:54:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Fasaha|fasahar]] Hydrogen''' fasahar ne da ke da alaƙa da samarwa da amfani da hydrogen a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tattalin arzikin hydrogen. '''Fasahar hydrogen''' ta dace da amfani da yawa. Wasu fasahohin hydrogen suna da [[Fitar da sifili|tsaka-tsaki na carbon]] kuma suna iya taka rawa wajen hana [[Sauyin yanayi|Canjin yanayi]] da kuma yiwuwar Tattalin arzikin hydrogen na gaba. Hydrogen sinadarin da ake amfani dashi a aikace-aikace daban-daban ciki har da samar da ammoniya, tsaftace mai da makamashi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badwal |first=Sukhvinder P.S. |last2=Giddey |first2=Sarbjit |last3=Munnings |first3=Christopher |year=2013 |title=Hydrogen production via solid electrolytic routes |journal=Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=473–487 |bibcode=2013WIREE...2..473B |doi=10.1002/wene.50 |s2cid=135539661}}</ref> Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don samar da hydrogen a kan sikelin masana'antu sune: Gyaran tururi, [[Oil reforming|Gyaran mai]], Gase na kwal, Ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dincer |first=Ibrahim |last2=Acar |first2=Canan |date=2015 |title=Review and evaluation of hydrogen production methods for better sustainability |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319914034119 |journal=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy |language=en |volume=40 |issue=34 |pages=11096 |bibcode=2015IJHE...4011094D |doi=10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.035 |issn=0360-3199 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Hydrogen ba shine tushe makamashi na farko ba, saboda ba ya faruwa a matsayin [[man fetur]]. Duk da haka, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaicin ajiyar makamashi, saboda sauƙin da wutar lantarki zai iya canza ruwa zuwa hydrogen da iskar oxygen ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana iya canza shi zuwa wutar lantarki ta amfani da sel mai ko turbine na hydrogen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrogen Gas Turbine｜Solutions｜Power｜Energy Transition MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES GROUP |url=https://solutions.mhi.com/power/decarbonization-technology/hydrogen-gas-turbine/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710162946/https://solutions.mhi.com/power/decarbonization-technology/hydrogen-gas-turbine/ |archive-date=2024-07-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Akwai nau'ikan man fetur da sel na electrolysis da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badwal |first=SPS |date=2014 |title=Emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies |journal=Frontiers in Chemistry |volume=2 |page=79 |bibcode=2014FrCh....2...79B |doi=10.3389/fchem.2014.00079 |pmc=4174133 |pmid=25309898 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli|Tasirin muhalli]] mai yuwuwa ya dogara da hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don samar da hydrogen a matsayin man fetur. == Kwayoyin man fetur == * Kwayar man fetur ta Alkaline (AFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta borohydride kai tsaye (DBFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta carbon kai tsaye (DCFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta ethanol kai tsaye (DEFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta methanol kai tsaye (DMFC) * [[Electro-galvanic fuel cell|Kwayar man fetur ta lantarki]] (EGFC) * Batirin Gudun (RFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta Formic acid (FAFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta ƙarfe (MHFC) * Kwayar man fetur (MFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta carbonate (MCFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta phosphoric acid (PAFC) * Kwayar halitta ta photoelectrochemical (PEC) * Kwayar mai na musayar proton (PEMFC) * Kwayar man fetur ta yumbu (PCFC) * Kwayar mai mai mai sabuntawa (RFC) * Kwayar man fetur mai ƙarfi (SOFC) == Manazarta == f3jtemhqivmfi5z7f4ifnv6stsoghyw 0 173639 965812 943895 2026-10-10T14:40:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:FairwayRock-Mil.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Fairway Rock a lokacin rani 1986]] '''Fairway Rock''' ( Inupiaq ( Civil block 1047, Nome, Alaska) ƙaramin tsibiri ne mai fuskokin duwatsu a tsaye a cikin [[Yankin ruwan Bering|Bering Strait]], wanda ke kudu maso gabashin Tsibirin Diomede da kuma yammacin Cape Prince of Wales na Alaska. Wani ɓangare na [[Alaska]], [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|jihar Amurka]], tsibirin yana da fadin ƙasa na 0.3&nbsp;km ² (0.12)&nbsp;mi ² ). Sanannen Inuit na yankin Bering Strait ne tun kafin tarihi, [[James Cook]] ya rubuta littafin Fairway a shekarar 1778 sannan Frederick Beechey ya sanya masa suna a shekarar 1826. Duk da cewa ba a zaune a tsibirin, wurin zama ne na tsuntsayen teku - musamman ma ƙananan wuraren da aka gina da dutse - wanda ke haifar da ziyartar 'yan asalin yankin don tattara ƙwai. Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ta sanya na'urorin [[Kula da muhalli|sa ido kan muhalli]] masu amfani da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta rediyo a tsibirin tun daga shekarun 1960 zuwa 1990. == Yanayin ƙasa == Babban dutsen dutse wanda yanzu shine Fairway Rock, kamar Tsibirin Diomede mafi girma da ke kusa, shine ragowar zamanin da ya gabata na glaciation. Fairway Rock yana da nisan kilomita {{Cvt|12|mi}} (19 SSE na tsibirin Little Diomede da nisan mil {{Cvt|20|mi}} (32 W na Cape Prince of Wales, a 65°37′N 168°44′W / 65.617°N 168.733°W / 65.617; -168.733. An bayar da rahoton tsibirin daban-daban daga {{Cvt|300.|m}} <ref name="audubon">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Little Diomede Island & Fairway Rock |url=http://iba.audubon.org/iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=1065&navSite=state |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312051625/http://iba.audubon.org/iba/viewSiteProfile.do?siteId=1065&navSite=state |archive-date=March 12, 2007 |access-date=2006-08-05 |website=The Important Bird Areas Historical Results |publisher=National Audibon Society}}</ref> zuwa {{Cvt|1.5|km}} a tsawon.<ref name="columbia" /> Tana tashi sosai daga ruwan da ke kewaye da ita zuwa {{Cvt|534|ft}} sama da matakin teku, ana iya ganin Fairway Rock cikin sauƙi daga bakin tekun Alaska a Cape Prince of Wales . <ref name="ice">{{Cite web |title=Cape Prince of Wales |url=http://www.icewindow.com/page3.htm |access-date=2006-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829090126/http://icewindow.com/page3.htm |archive-date=2018-08-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saboda tsaunuka masu tsawo, ba ya haifar da ƙarin haɗari na teku. Bering Strait a kusa da Fairway Rock ba shi da zurfi - kimanin {{Cvt|50.|m}} a zurfi - kuma sassan teku suna nuna tsibirin ya kasance kusa da mafi ƙarancin saurin yanzu don ƙuƙwalwar. Ana nazarin raƙuman teku a arewacin Fairway Rock a wasu lokuta a matsayin misali na tsarin duniya na ainihi inda aka samar da titin Von Kármán vortex.<ref name="ivanov"> {{Cite journal |last=Ivanov |first=A. Y. |last2=Ginzburg |first2=A. I. |date=September 2002 |title=Oceanic eddies in synthetic aperture radar images |journal=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Earth and Planetary Sciences) |volume=111 |issue=3 |pages=281–296 |bibcode=2002InEPS.111..281I |doi=10.1007/BF02701974 |s2cid=129654541 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Fairway Rock yana cikin yankin ƙididdigar Nome na Alaska da Ma'aikatar Kula da Kifi da Kayan Kayan Kudancin Alaska 22E . An tura shi zuwa Inalik Native Corporation. Fairway Rock ya bayyana a kan taswirar taswirar binciken ƙasa na Amurka a cikin Teller Quadrangle . <ref name="topozone">{{Cite web |title=TopoZone – USGS Map Detail – Teller Quadrangle |url=http://www.topozone.com/mapinfo.asp?id=MPTAK2695PP09 |access-date=2006-09-30}}</ref> == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == [[File:Fairway-Rock-mil-atop.jpg|right|thumb|Rashin ciyayi a saman tsibirin dutse da aka gani yayin ziyarar Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka zuwa Fairway Rock]] Duwatsun tsibirin suna nufin zama mafaka ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura da yawa. Koyaya, 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka zauna a kusa da su dubban shekaru sun zo tsibirin don ɗaukar ƙwai na tsuntsaye a cikin bazara<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Neeluk |url=http://www.gacpc.com/images/neeluk.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005171649/http://www.gacpc.com/images/neeluk.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-05 |access-date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Gacpc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Icewindow |url=http://www.icewindow.com/page3.htm |access-date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Icewindow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829090126/http://icewindow.com/page3.htm |archive-date=2018-08-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Cenaliulriit Coastal Resource Service Area |url=http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/acmp/District/Plans/BeringStraitsCRSA/Chapter6ResourceInventory.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719120135/http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/acmp/District/Plans/BeringStraitsCRSA/Chapter6ResourceInventory.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=2013-04-01}}</ref> kuma sun ci gaba da yin hakan a kwanan nan kamar shekarun 1990.[3] [[File:Fairway_Rock_0489.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Fairway Rock a lokacin bazara na 1989.]] Tsibirin yana tallafawa mazaunin kiwo na kimanin tsuntsayen teku 35,000, gami da wasu 25,000 mafi ƙanƙanta da ƙanƙara.<ref name="audubon" /> A cikin 1925, an bayar da rahoton tufted puffin (''Fratercula cirrhata''), horned puffin (Shirle Corniculata), parakeet auklets (''Aethia psittacula''), da Murre na Pallas (''Uria Lomvia arra'') a Fairway Rock, suna yin gida a cikin raƙuman dutsen tsibirin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alfred M. Bailey |year=1925 |title=A Report on the Birds of Northwestern Alaska and Regions Adjacent to Bering Strait. Part Ii |url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/96954 |journal=The Condor |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=62–67 |doi=10.2307/1363055 |jstor=1363055 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani asusun 1960 ya ba da rahoton cewa mazaunan Eskimo na Little Diomede sun ba da rahoton wani yanki mai suna glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus'') a kan Fairway Rock wanda ya fi girma fiye da na Little Diamede.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Karl W. Kenyon |last2=James W. Brooks |year=1960 |title=Birds of Little Diomede Island, Alaska |url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/101252 |journal=The Condor |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=457–463 |doi=10.2307/1365592 |jstor=1365592 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Zaki na teku na Steller na iya haifuwa a kan Fairway Rock . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ESI data |url=http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/nwa/pdfs/ESI_DATA/INTRO.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213015/http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/maps/cplans/nwa/pdfs/ESI_DATA/INTRO.PDF |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=2013-04-01}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kyaftin [[James Cook]] ne ya ga Fairway Rock a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1778. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-16 |title=The Third Voyage (1776–1780) |url=http://www.captaincooksociety.com/ccsu65.htm |access-date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Captain Cook Society}}</ref> Jami'in sojan ruwa na Ingila da masanin ilimin ƙasa Frederick William Beechey ne ya ba shi suna bayan ya ga tsibirin a watan Yulin 1826. Ba kamar sunayen da ya ba wa Tsibirin Diomede ba, sunan "Fairway" ya ci gaba. An wuce Fairway Rock kuma an ambaci shi a cikin asusun tafiyar John Muir a cikin ''Corwin'' a cikin 1881 da [[Roald Amundsen]] a cikin ''Gjøa'' a cikin 1906. <ref name="roald">{{Cite web |title=Le passage de Nord Ouest |url=http://www.transpolair.com/explorateurs/amundsen/nord_ouest.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204155033/http://www.transpolair.com/explorateurs/amundsen/nord_ouest.htm |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=2006-09-30}}</ref> Abin da ake la'akari da aikin karshe na Yaƙin basasar Amurka ya faru a wannan yanki: CSS <nowiki><i id="mwvg">Shenandoah</i></nowiki> ya fadi a kan rundunar masu kamun kifi da ke aiki a cikin ruwa kusa da tsibirin Little Diomede na Alaska kuma ya nutse fiye da jiragen ruwa goma sha biyu a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1865. An rubuta wannan a cikin littafin The Last Shot . ==manazarta== ez5xkkjpit0to33j4v95e8t1qwtwrg1 0 173672 965921 943987 2026-10-10T20:09:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|name=Texas salamander|status=EN|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author1=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group |year=2023 |title=''Eurycea neotenes'' |volume=2023 |article-number=e.T59272A118991306 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T59272A118991306.en |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>|status2=G1|status2_system=TNC|status2_ref=<ref name=NS>{{cite NatureServe |id=2.105042 |title=''Eurycea neotenes'' |access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>|taxon=Eurycea neotenes|authority=[[Sherman C. Bishop|Bishop]] & Wright, 1937}} '''''Eurycea neotenes''''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Salamander na Texas''', salamander na Bexar County, '''Salamander na Edwards Plateau''', ko salamander na neotenic na Texas, nau'in salamander ne na ruwa gaba ɗaya, wanda ba shi da huhu a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Yana da iyaka a tsakiyar [[Texas]], kusa da Helotes, a cikin Bexar County. == Bayyanawa == Salamander na Texas yana girma daga 2 zuwa 4 in (5.1 zuwa 10.2 a tsawon. Yana da launin ruwan kasa a launi, sau da yawa tare da rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa, tare da haske-yellow spotting a bayansa. Yana da neotenic, tare da jiki mai laushi, gajerun gaɓoɓin, da gills na waje mai haske. Salamander na Texas yana zaune a cikin koguna, wanda ya haifar da raguwar hangen nesa a idanu, saboda dogon lokaci a cikin duhu. Yana da alaƙa da salamander makaho na Texas ''Eurycea rathbuni'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=HERPS of Texas |url=http://www.herpsoftexas.org/view/salamanders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415105447/http://www.herpsoftexas.org/view/salamanders |archive-date=2012-04-15 |access-date=2012-04-16}}</ref> == Abinci == Salamander na Texas ya rage hangen nesa ko kuma yana iya zama makanta gaba ɗaya, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala a farautar abinci. Yana farauta ta hanyar jujjuya kansa daga gefe zuwa gefe don ƙirƙirar raƙuman matsin ruwa da jin abin da suka kama ya karya ruwa. Salamander na Texas yawanci yana cin nama a kan amphipods, makafi shrimp (''Palaemonetes antrorum''), daphnia, ƙananan kwari da sauran invertebrates.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Blind Salamander (Eurycea rathbuni) {{!}} U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |url=https://www.fws.gov/species/texas-blind-salamander-eurycea-rathbuni |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.fws.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Taxonbar|from=Q3010755}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Chippindale, P.T., A.H. Price, Wiens, J.J. & Hillis, DM (2000): Dangantakar Phylogenetic na tsakiya Texas hemidactyliine plethodontid salamanders, jinsin ''Eurycea'', da kuma sake dubawa na rukuni. Herpetological Monographs '''14''': 1-80.  * (2001): Sabuwar nau'in salamander makaho na karkashin kasa (Plethodontidae: Hemidactyliini: ''Eurycea'': ''Typhlomolge'') daga Austin, Texas, da kuma sake dubawa na tsakiya na Texas. ''Herpetologica'' '''57''': 266-280.  * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160425044001/http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/salamanders/eurycea.neotenes.html Herps na Texas: ''Eurycea neotenes''] * [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/59272/summ IUCN Red List: ''Eurycea neotenes''] {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hh2jgam7xtmsze6egj2snxyx9ho51pc 0 174108 965799 945367 2026-10-10T14:05:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Guiting-Guiting''' shine mafi tsayin dutse a lardin Romblon, wanda ke Tsibirin Sibuyan, a [[Filipin|Philippines]], wanda tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|6,752|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Tsayinsa mai tsayi da kuma tsayin daka mai tsayi, sun sanya shi suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan da suka fi fuskantar ƙalubale a fannin hawa dutse a Philippines. An sanya shi a matsayin dutse na 11 mafi shahara a Philippines, kuma 71 mafi tsayi a cikin wani tsibiri a duniya. Tana nan a tsakiyar Sibuyan, tana mamaye yanayin ƙasar tsawon mil da yawa. Guiting-Guiting, a cikin yaren Romblomanon, yana nufin ''"mai lanƙwasa"'' . Yana ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da Sibuyan ya ayyana a matsayin wurin da ke cike da halittu kuma wasu masana kimiyyar halittu na gida da na ƙasashen waje sun yi masa lakabi da ''Galapagos na Asiya.'' Sau da yawa ana kwatanta tsibirin Sibuyan da yawan halittu masu rai a Tsibirin Galápagos da ke Ecuador. Wannan babban abin da ya faru ya sa aka kare yawancin dutsen da gangaren sa a shekarar 1996 a matsayin ''wurin shakatawa na Dutsen Guiting-Guiting'' . <ref name="Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park">{{Cite web |title=Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park |url=http://mimaropa.denr.gov.ph/index.php/mt-guiting-guiting-natural-park |access-date=2018-05-18 |website=mimaropa.denr.gov.ph |language=en-gb}}</ref> Wurin shakatawar ya kuma ƙunshi Dutsen Nailog mai tsayin mita 789 (ƙafa 2,589) a yamma. == Yin yawo a kan duwatsu == Sau da yawa ana kiran Guiting-Guiting da ''Dutsen G2'', <ref name="pinoymountaineer">{{Cite web |last=Lasco |first=Gideon |author-link= |date=26 March 2008 |title=Mount Guiting-Guiting |url=http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2008/03/mt-guiting-guiting-2058.html |access-date=28 March 2008 |publisher=Pinoy Mountaineer}}</ref> kodayake ba a yarda da laƙabin ba daga mazauna yankin domin yana raina sunan asalin wurin ibada. Dutsen yana buɗe duk shekara don yin yawo, tare da hanyoyi biyu da aka kafa; Hanyar Tampayan daga arewa, da kuma Hanyar Olango daga kudu. Ana samun izinin tafiya da jagororin daga ofishin DENR da ke garin Magdiwang . Duk hanyoyin sama sun ƙunshi duwatsu da duwatsu masu kaifi, masu haske, da kuma masu kaifi. Babban yankin Dutsen Guiting-Guiting galibi yanki ne mai cike da ciyawa da duwatsu masu haske a kan tsaunukan da ke kan tsaunin. Duk da cewa tsawon da tsawon hawan ba shi da yawa, daga kwana ɗaya zuwa uku ya danganta da gogewa da wahalar hanyar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Explore Mount Guiting-Guiting, Mindoro Guide |url=https://pinaywise.com/philippines-travel/mindoro-island/mindoro-tourist-spot/explore-mount-guiting-guiting-mindoro-guide/ |access-date=December 23, 2024 |website=pinaywise.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228202254/https://pinaywise.com/philippines-travel/mindoro-island/mindoro-tourist-spot/explore-mount-guiting-guiting-mindoro-guide/ |archive-date=December 28, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="lakwatsero">{{Cite web |date=May 15, 2024 |title=Overnight Hike to Mt. Guiting-Guiting: The Jagged Peaks of Romblon's Sibuyan Island |url=https://www.lakwatsero.com/trail-tale/guiting-guiting-the-jagged-peaks-of-sibuyan-island/ |website=lakwatsero.com}}</ref> har yanzu ana ɗaukar wannan dutsen a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin tsaunukan Philippines mafi wahala da ƙalubale a fannin hawa, tare da wahalar 9/9. {{Efn|The level of difficulty of a trek is gauged from 1 to 9 In the Filipino mountaineering community.<ref name=lakwatsero />}} === Tarihi === A watan Mayun 1982, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Arturo Valdez, wata ƙungiya ta haɗin gwiwa daga ƙungiyar Bacolod mai suna Philippine Mountaineering Society (PMS) da Jami'ar Philippines (UP) suka kai hari kan dutsen, wanda yunƙurinsa shine na farko a tarihi. <ref name="Edwin">{{Cite web |last=Lasco |first=Gideon |date=14 September 2008 |title=MountainTalk #2: Edwin Gatia recalls the first-ever Guiting-Guiting climb |url=http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2008/09/mountaintalk-2-edwin-gatia-on-first.html |access-date=30 September 2014 |publisher=Pinoy Mountaineer}}</ref> A lokacin wannan balaguron ne aka sanya wa ɗaya daga cikin kololuwar, wanda yanzu ake kira ''Mayo's Peak'' suna bayan ɗaya daga cikin membobin ƙungiyar, Mayo Monteza, wanda ya yi bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwarsa a lokacin hawan dutse. Ɗaya daga cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da ake kira ''Bulod's Spring'', bayan wani jagora na gida mai suna Bulod wanda ya yi aikin sa kai (tare da wani ɗan asalin ƙasar) don shiga hawan. <ref name="Edwin" /> Ƙungiyar ta kasa shiga gasar a wannan yunƙurin farko, amma ta dawo makonni biyu bayan haka. A ranar 17 ga Yuni 1982, mahaya huɗu sun fara tsayawa a saman dutsen. Sunayensu su ne Mon Ruiz, Kim Valino, Roel Tan Torres (na masu hawan dutse na UP) da kuma Edwin Gatia na ƙungiyar PMS. <ref name="Edwin" /> A shekarar 2026, Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Albarkatun Ƙasa ta sanya dokar rufe tsaunin kowace shekara don gyara da gyara daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu. <ref name="Edwin2">{{Cite web |last=Fos |first=Paul Jaysent |date=25 February 2026 |title=Mt. Guiting-Guiting reopens to public on 30th anniv of natural park |url=https://pia.gov.ph/news/mt-guiting-guiting-reopens-to-public-on-30th-anniv-of-natural-park/ |access-date=2 March 2026 |publisher=Philippine Information Agency}}</ref> == Bambancin halittu == [[File:Nepenthes_sibuyanensis_ASR_062007_guiting2_sibuyan.jpg|alt=|thumb|186x186px| Shukar tukwane mai suna ''Nepenthes sibuyanensis'' tana samuwa ne kawai a gangaren Dutsen Guiting-Guiting. Ana samun nau'ikan nepenthes da yawa a nan.]] Tsibirin Sibuyan yana da yawan jama'a saboda kusancinsa da tsaunuka. Fiye da rabin Tsibirin yana da dazuzzuka. Rahotannin farko sun haɗa da cewa yawan dazuzzukan da ke Sibuyan ya kai bishiyoyi 1,551 a kowace hekta, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dajin da ya fi yawa a Philippines. Akwai cikakken kewayon dazuzzuka a Philippines waɗanda suka ƙunshi mangrove, ƙasa mai laushi, tsaunuka, dazuzzukan da ke da launin toka, ƙasa mai laushi, da ciyawa - daga bakin teku har zuwa saman Dutsen Guiting-Guiting, Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyin jini kusan 700, ciki har da nau'ikan 54 da suka fi yawa a tsibirin. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ''Nepenthes sibuyanensis'' ; ''Nepenthes argentii'' ; ''[[Heterospathe sibuyanensis]] Becc'' . (Bil-is), ''[[Agalmyla sibuyanensis]]'' (Shukar lipstick ta Sibuyan); ''[[Myrmephytum beccarii]]'' Elmer (Shukar tururuwa ta Sibuyan); ''[[Begonia gitingensis]]'' Elmer (Begonia mai siffar guiting). An samu jimillar nau'ikan tsuntsaye 130 a wurin shakatawar, wanda daga cikinsu an san su ko kuma ana kyautata zaton 102 mazauna wurin kiwon su ne. Akwai kuma nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda tara (9) waɗanda ba sa tashi a duniya, nau'ikan jemagu guda tara na 'ya'yan itace, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da yawa, da kuma ƙadangaru tara (9) da geckos. <ref name="Mt. Guiting-Guiting Natural Park" /> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed"> File:Guiting-guiting_1.jpg|alt=The jagged Peaks that give Mount Guiting-guiting its name.| Kololuwar da aka yi wa ado da duwatsu masu tsayi waɗanda suka ba wa Dutsen Guiting suna. File:Up_to_the_summit_of_Mt._Guiting-Guiting_2.jpg|alt=España Peak to the south of the summit. The southern sections are littered extensively with large boulders.| Kololuwar España da ke kudu da saman. Sassan kudu cike suke da manyan duwatsu. File:Guiting-guiting_2.jpg|alt=Hikers prepare to climb up the summit peak from the north side (Tampayan trail).| Masu tafiya a ƙasa suna shirin hawa saman kololuwar daga gefen arewa (tashar Tampayan). File:Guiting-guiting_4.jpg|alt=Mount Guiting-Guiting as viewed from the south.| Dutsen Guiting-Guiting kamar yadda aka gani daga kudu. </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qhc88v3d97jvq8f28wricopg9fol4qe 0 174118 965795 945405 2026-10-10T14:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Canatuan''' dutse ne da ke lardin Zamboanga del Norte a tsibirin Mindanao a [[Filipin|Philippines]].<ref name="voa">{{Cite web |date=2009-11-01 |title=Canadian Company Mines for Gold and Silver on Tribe's Ancestral Land in Philippines |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-06-10-voa11/406688.html |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> Dutsen yana da tsarki ga mutanen Subanen.<ref name="voa" /> <ref name="mwc2004">{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Philippines-Canada Exchange on Controversial TVI Pacific Mine |url=https://miningwatch.ca/sites/default/files/MWC_newsletter_17.pdf |access-date=2024-10-16 |publisher=Mining Watch Canada}}</ref> Ma'adinan Canatuan ya yi aiki a cikin dutsen daga 2004 zuwa 2014.<ref name="emj">{{Cite web |date=February 2014 |title=TVI Pacific Shuts Down at Canatuan |url=https://www.e-mj.com/news/asia/tvi-pacific-shuts-down-at-canatuan-2/ |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Engineering and Mining Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105135413/https://www.e-mj.com/news/asia/tvi-pacific-shuts-down-at-canatuan-2/ |archive-date=2023-11-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 906ts5amvq1i47dq4z1db6eebsirdok 0 174141 965801 945475 2026-10-10T14:09:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isarog''' wani tsibiri ne mai aiki <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology |date=2018 |title=Volcanoes of the Philippines |url=https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-philippines}}</ref> wanda yake a lardin Camarines Sur, Philippines, a tsibirin Luzon . Dutsen yana da fumaroles masu aiki da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Isarog |url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/isarog.html |access-date=January 5, 2021 |website=www.volcanodiscovery.com}}</ref> Yana da matsayi na {{Cvt|2,000|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Peakbagger |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=12955 |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Peakbagger}}</ref> Babban yankin da ke tsakanin Tekun Lagonoy da San Miguel Bay yana karkashin ikon dutsen mai aman wuta na Isarog da aka ware. Dutsen mai aman wuta yana da wani rami mai fadin mita 2,500 (ƙafa 8202) wanda aka fasa zuwa gabas tare da wani ƙaramin kwarin da Kogin Rangas ya matse. Babban wurin zubar da shara ya mamaye arewa maso yamma zuwa bakin teku da kuma cikin San Miguel Bay . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Global Volcanism Program {{!}} Isarog |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273042 |access-date=January 22, 2021 |website=Smithsonian Institution {{!}} Global Volcanism Program |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marco |first=Aljhon Q. |last2=Catane |first2=Sandra G. |last3=Newhall |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Daita |first4=Timothy John E. |date=2024 |title=Constraining the spatial distribution of the Tinambac debris avalanche deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines through morphological analysis and field validation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390940452 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.21441.67687}}</ref> Kololuwar dutsen tana nuna inda iyakokin ƙananan hukumomi shida da birni ɗaya suka haɗu (wanda aka jera a gefen agogo, daga arewa): Goa, Tigaon, Ocampo, Pili, Naga City, Tinambac da Calabanga. Dutsen Isarog shine inda sojojin yankin na Sojojin Philippines da na 'yan sanda da kuma 'yan tawayen Bicolano suka ɓuya a lokacin mamayar Japan . A shekarun 1970, tare da jagorancin Romulo Jallores da ɗan'uwansa, sun kafa Rundunar Sojan Jama'a ta Sabuwar Jama'a a yankin Bicol a ƙarƙashin wannan dutsen. == Ilimin ƙasa == Ana fassara dutsen Isarog a matsayin wanda ya samo asali a lokacin Pleistocene, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar K-Ar na samfurin lawa daga ginin, wanda ya haifar da shekaru na 0.16 ± 0.12 Ma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Admin |first=Science Direct |date=March 1, 2004 |title=Initiation and propagation of subduction along the Philippine Trench: evidence from the temporal and spatial distribution of volcanoes |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367912003001123 |journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=105–111 |bibcode=2004JAESc..23..105O |doi=10.1016/S1367-9120(03)00112-3 |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 6, 2024}}</ref> Tsarin sihiri na dutsen Isarog yana da kama da andesitic, tare da ƙananan abubuwan dacitic . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Admin |first=Semantics Scholar |date=July 20, 2005 |title=Characterization of the Pleistocene Volcanic Chain of the Bicol Arc, Philippines: Implications for Geohazard Assessment |journal=Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=4 |page=865 |bibcode=2005TAOS...16..865A |doi=10.3319/TAO.2005.16.4.865(GIG) |s2cid=53056787 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tarihin fashewar abubuwa === {| class="wikitable" ! scope="col" |Kwanan wata (kimanin) ! scope="col" | Adadin shekaru da suka gabata (kimanin) ! scope="col" | Nassoshi |- | ƙarni na 12 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa | Shekaru 800 da suka wuce | Daita et al. (2024, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2025 |title=Integrating indigenous myths with new scientific knowledge on late Holocene eruptions of Isarog Volcano, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393684807 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.13053.06882}}</ref> ) |- | 400 BC zuwa ƙarni na 1 AD | Shekaru 2,500 zuwa 2,000 da suka wuce | Daita da sauransu (2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> ) |- | 2300 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) | Shekaru 4,300 da suka wuce | Daita et al. (2020, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |date=2020 |title=Preliminary volcanic hazard assessment of Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394010581 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.22053.61926}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |date=2020 |title=Paleomagnetic determination of pyroclastic density current deposits in Tagongtong and Bagumbayan Grande, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines, and the identification of Isarog Volcano's latest eruption age |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372341246 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.33185.72809}}</ref> 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> ) |- | 2500 BC | Shekaru 4,500 da suka wuce | Daita da sauransu (2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> ) |- | Bayan shekara ta 2700 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) | Kimanin shekaru 4,700 da suka wuce | Marco da sauransu (2025 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marco |first=Aljhon Q. |last2=Catane |first2=Sandra G. |last3=Newhall |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Harpel |first4=Christopher J. |last5=Daita |first5=Timothy John E. |date=2025 |title=Determining the age of a very young debris avalanche event at Isarog volcano, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/398406588_Determining_the_age_of_a_very_young_debris_avalanche_event_at_Isarog_volcano_Philippines}}</ref> ) |- | 3500 BC | Shekaru 5,500 da suka wuce | Fontijn da Newhall (2013 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ) |- | 27500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) | Shekaru 29,500 da suka wuce | Fontijn da Newhall (2013 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ) |} Dutsen Isarog yana aiki tun daga ƙarshen Pleistocene . Kimanin shekaru 30,000 da suka wuce, ya fashe, yana samar da kwararar ruwa mai yawa (PDC). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin [[Holocene]], babban rugujewar yanki na gefen arewa maso yamma ya haifar da tarkacen Tinambac, wanda ya kai San Miguel Bay kuma ya kafa ƙasa [[Hummock|mai ban sha'awa]] a cikin Calabanga, Tinambac, da [[Goa]] a cikin Camarines Sur. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marco |first=Aljhon Q. |last2=Catane |first2=Sandra G. |last3=Newhall |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Daita |first4=Timothy John E. |date=2024 |title=Constraining the spatial distribution of the Tinambac debris avalanche deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines through morphological analysis and field validation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390940452 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.21441.67687}}</ref> Bayan rugujewar dutsen mai aman wuta ya sake gina gininsa a hankali, kodayake daga baya girman [[Ruwan dutse|kumfa]] ya haifar da wani sabon yanayi na haɗari. Ruwan toka da toka da suka samo asali daga rugujewar lava sun faru ne a lokacin Holocene, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da kwanan wata na radiocarbon da aka daidaita kusan 3500 BC. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fontijn |first=Karen |last2=Newhall |first2=Christopher G. |date=2013 |title=Reconnaissance geology of Isarog volcano (Luzon, Philippines): Evidence for Holocene explosive eruptions and a major edifice collapse |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027312003332 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=250 |page=100 |bibcode=2013JVGR..250..100F |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.11.003 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, wata ƙungiyar masana ilimin ƙasa daga Jami'ar Jihar Partido ta gano cewa Isarog ma ya fashe a kusan shekara ta 2300 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa bayan da aka gano gawayi da ya mamaye shi da kauri kwararar bulo da toka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Soltes |first=Jonas Cabiles |date=September 16, 2022 |title=It is official: Mt. Isarog is active |url=https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/it-is-official-mt-isarog-is-active |access-date=October 8, 2022 |website=bicolmail |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |date=2020 |title=Preliminary volcanic hazard assessment of Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394010581 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.22053.61926}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |date=2020 |title=Paleomagnetic determination of pyroclastic density current deposits in Tagongtong and Bagumbayan Grande, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines, and the identification of Isarog Volcano's latest eruption age |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372341246 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.33185.72809}}</ref> An aika da gawayin zuwa Amurka don yin hirar radiocarbon. An gabatar da wannan sabon bayani game da tarihin fashewar Isarog a taron GeoCon na Virtual na 2020, wani taron masana ilmin ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ƙungiyar [https://geolsocphil.com/ Geological Society of the Philippines] ta shirya. Binciken da aka yi daga baya daga ƙungiyar masana ilmin ƙasa, waɗanda yanzu haka ke haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Philippines, Cibiyar Binciken Ƙasa ta Amurka, da [[Cibiyar Nazarin Volcanology da Seismology ta Philippines|Cibiyar Nazarin Dutsen Volcano da Girgizar Ƙasa ta Philippines]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vergara |first=Cheska Joi G. |last2=Daita |first2=Timothy John E. |last3=Marco |first3=Aljhon Q. |last4=Delos Reyes |first4=Perla J. |last5=Macalalad |first5=Jeanne Myrtia M. |last6=Montealegre |first6=Moises Malone R. |last7=Rivera |first7=Danikko John V. |date=2024 |title=Volcanic hazard assessment through integrated qualitative techniques and field validation - an example for Isarog Volcano |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393968386 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.10126.06721}}</ref> ya gano ƙarin fashewar Dutsen Isarog. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: fashewar wani abu a kusa da 2500 BC, wanda aka gano ta hanyar gawayi da aka samo daga ma'adanin kwararar pyroclastic a Sitio Napanap, Napawon, Goa, Camarines Sur; <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2024 |title=800-Year-Old Eruption: Pre-Hispanic Bicolanos witnessed Isarog fury |url=https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/800-year-old-eruption-pre-hispanic-bicolanos-witnessed-isarog-fury}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> wani lokaci na ayyukan fashewa daga 400 BC zuwa ƙarni na 1 AD, wanda ya ajiye toka mai kauri har zuwa Pugay, San Jose, Camarines Sur; <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2024 |title=800-Year-Old Eruption: Pre-Hispanic Bicolanos witnessed Isarog fury |url=https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/800-year-old-eruption-pre-hispanic-bicolanos-witnessed-isarog-fury}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> da fashewar wani abu a ƙarni na 12 AD, wanda ya haifar da tarin toka mai kauri a Bagumbayan Grande, Goa, Camarines Sur. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2024 |title=800-Year-Old Eruption: Pre-Hispanic Bicolanos witnessed Isarog fury |url=https://www.bicolmail.net/single-post/800-year-old-eruption-pre-hispanic-bicolanos-witnessed-isarog-fury}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2025 |title=Integrating indigenous myths with new scientific knowledge on late Holocene eruptions of Isarog Volcano, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393684807 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.13053.06882}}</ref> Wani [[Tukwane|tarkacen tukwane]] da aka samu a ƙarƙashin tokar ya nuna cewa mutane sun riga sun zauna a yankin Goa a lokacin fashewar dutsen mai aman wuta na baya-bayan nan a ƙarni na 12 na AD. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2024 |title=Geologically young block-and-ash flow deposits of Isarog Volcano, Philippines, revealed from new ¹⁴C ages |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390306111 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.19763.95529}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2025 |title=Integrating indigenous myths with new scientific knowledge on late Holocene eruptions of Isarog Volcano, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393684807 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.13053.06882}}</ref> Baya ga rugujewar sassa da kwararar toshe-da-toka, ana kyautata zaton cewa dutsen Isarog ya fuskanci abubuwan da suka faru na fasa ramuka a baya. Wannan yana da alaƙa da kasancewar tarin lahar da manyan duwatsu a gefen gabas inda aka fasa ramin, wanda ya mamaye wurare masu faɗi ciki har da gonakin shinkafa da gonakin masara. Al'adar baki ta gida a Gundumar Partido ta ƙara ba da labarin cewa Isarog "yana fitar da ruwa" maimakon [[magma]] . Irin waɗannan labaran na iya nuna tunawa da kakanninmu game da ambaliyar ruwa da ta afkawa rami, wanda aka adana kuma aka watsa a cikin tsararraki a cikin nau'in [[Camfi|tatsuniya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daita |first=Timothy John E. |last2=Harpel |first2=Christopher J. |last3=Catane |first3=Sandra G. |last4=Newhall |first4=Christopher G. |last5=Marco |first5=Aljhon Q. |date=2025 |title=Integrating indigenous myths with new scientific knowledge on late Holocene eruptions of Isarog Volcano, Philippines |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393684807 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.13053.06882}}</ref> A halin yanzu, hanyar iskar gas ta Isarog tana nuna ɓullar iskar gas, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu ɗumi, da kuma hanyoyin iskar tururi . <ref name="auto" /> === Rahotanni na Ayyukan da Ba a Saba Ba === A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1915, an ji girgizar ƙasa akai-akai a kan dutsen mai aman wuta na Isarog da kewaye, tare da wasu hayaniya lokaci-lokaci. Zaftarewar ƙasa ta faru a gangaren dutsen Isarog. Taruwar girgizar ƙasa ta maimaita kanta sau 2 ko 3 a cikin dogon lokaci har zuwa 10 ga Janairu, 1916. Dutsen aman wuta yana da kauri a cikin dazuzzuka, har ma a cikin ramin, kuma babu wanda ya ga wani ƙurar ƙura . <ref name=":1" /> == Tarihi == === Tarihin 'yan asalin ƙasar === Dutsen Isarog ya kasance yankin kakanni na mutanen Isarog Agta na asali na dubban shekaru kafin zuwan Mutanen Espanya. Suna cikin mutanen farko da suka fara zama a duk ƙasar Philippines kuma asalinsu daga Negrito ne. Su ƙungiya ce ta mutanen Aeta waɗanda ke da harshe da al'adu daban-daban da suka bambanta da sauran.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} === Tarihin shari'a === An mayar da ita ƙasa ta jama'a ta hanyar ''sanarwar da aka bayar mai lamba 157'' a ranar 28 ga Maris, 2015. An sanya garuruwan da ke kewaye da shi a matsayin dazuzzukan katako masu fadin {{Convert|13433|ha}} .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2023}} A ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1935, Janar Frank Murphy ya kafa ''Ma'ajiyar Dazuzzukan Dutsen Isarog'' wanda ya rage girman yankin zuwa 10,112. Amma Shugaba Manuel L. Quezon ya soke shi lokacin da ya sanya hannu kan ''sanarwar da aka bayar mai lamba 293'' mai taken "Kafa Dutsen Isarog a matsayin Wurin Shakatawa na Ƙasa ." <ref name="GovPH-Proc293">{{Cite web |date=July 20, 1938 |title=Proclamation No. 293; Establishing as Mount Isarog National Park for the Benefit and Enjoyment of the People of the Philippines the Parcel of Land Situated in the Municipalities of Naga, Calabanga, Tinambac, Goa, Tigaon and Pili, Province of Camarines Sur, Island of Luzon, and Revoking for This Purpose Proclamation No. 840, Series of 1935. |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1938/07/20/proclamation-no-293-s-1938/ |access-date=March 10, 2016 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> ''Taron Duniya'' na shekarar 1992 ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Shirin Yankin Kare Haɗaka na Ƙasa. An zartar da wani shiri na shekaru biyar (1995-2001) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashton-Jones |first=Nick |title=NIPAP – Final Report, March 2001 |url=https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files//Publication%20Files/Technical%20Report_0.pdf |website=gov.ph |access-date=2026-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310015116/https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files//Publication%20Files/Technical%20Report_0.pdf |archive-date=2024-03-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Isarog Integrated Conservation and Development Project |url=https://www.careevaluations.org/wp-content/uploads/evaluations/final-mtr-isarog.doc |website=CareEvaluations |publisher=Nordeco}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> na shiga tsakani. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rambaldi |first=Giacomo |title=Participatory 3D Modelling of Mount Isarog National Park, Camarines Sur, Philippines |url=http://www.iapad.org/case-studies/pa-management/isarog-np/ |access-date=November 28, 2022 |website=Participatory Avenues |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2002, bisa ga ''sanarwar da aka bayar mai lamba 214'' wadda Shugaba Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ta sanya wa hannu, Dutsen Isarog ya zama yanki mai kariya a ƙarƙashin wurin shakatawa na halitta. <ref name="GovPH-Proc214">{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2002 |title=Proclamation No. 214; Declaring the Mt. Isarog National Park Situated in the City of Naga and Municipalities of Calabanga, Tinambac, Tigaon, Goa, Ocampo and Pili, Province of Camarines Sur, as a Protected Area Pursuant to Republic Act 7586 (Nipas Act of 1992) to be Henceforth Known as Mt. Isarog Natural Park. |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2002/06/20/proclamation-no-214-s-2002/ |access-date=March 10, 2016 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" caption="Ra'ayoyi masu nisa na Dutsen Isarog"> File:View_of_Mt._Isarog_from_Naga_Airport.jpg|alt=From Pili, Camarines Sur| Daga Pili, Camarines Sur File:A_view_of_Mt._Isarog_03.JPG|alt=From San Jose, Camarines Sur| Daga San Jose, Camarines Sur File:Mt_Isarog_viewed_from_Naga_City.jpg|alt=From Naga, Camarines Sur| Daga Naga, Camarines Sur File:Mountain_view_4.jpg|alt=From Ocampo, Camarines Sur| Daga Ocampo, Camarines Sur </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cw9iifmd5x618mjgrvlj2ozt51gomg5 0 174146 965802 953132 2026-10-10T14:11:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Kitanglad''' dutsen mai aman wuta ne wanda yake a cikin Dutsen Kitanglad a lardin Bukidnon a tsibirin Mindanao. Shi ne dutse na huɗu mafi tsayi a [[Filipin|ƙasar Philippines]] kuma yana da tsayin {{Convert|2899|m}} . Tana tsakanin Malaybalay da gundumomin Lantapan, Impasugong, Sumilao da Libona . Yana gida ne ga ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan dazuzzukan da suka rage a ƙasar Philippines. Yana daga cikin yankin kakanni na Higaonon, Talaandig, da mutanen Bukidnon.<ref name="Canoy">{{Cite journal |last=Canoy |first=Easterluna Luz S. |last2=Suminguit |first2=Vellorimo J. |date=2001 |title=The Indigenous Peoples of Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park |url=https://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/pdf/en/articlef2001_phi.pdf |journal=Social Watch Annual Report 2001 |pages=62-74}}</ref> Saboda tsayin da take da shi, kamfanonin sadarwa da watsa labarai da dama sun gina tashoshin watsa shirye-shirye a taron. == Etymology da almara == Dutsen Kitanglad wani yanki ne na kakannin kakanni na kungiyoyin Lumad uku: Higaonon, Talaandig, da kuma mutanen Bukidnon. A cikin tatsuniyar da suka saba yi a baki game da ''Olaging'', akwai wani babban ambaliyar ruwa da ya mamaye yankin, wanda ya bar ƙarshen duwatsu kawai a bayyane (labarin da Dutsen Kalatungan maƙwabci ke rabawa). A lokacin ambaliya, yankin da ake gani na Dutsen Kitanglad ya yi kama da ''tanglad'' ( lemongrass ), wani muhimmin shukar magani, don haka aka sa masa suna "Kitanglad" (wanda kuma ya rubuta " '''Katanglad''' ") ta almara ''datu'' Agbibilin. <ref name="Canoy" /> An ce Agbibilin yana da ‘ya’ya hudu, kowanne daga cikin ‘ya’yan shi ne kakannin Manobo na zamani; Maranao ; da Maguindanao ; kuma a ƙarshe ƙungiyoyin uku na asali zuwa Kitanglad: Higaonon, Talaandig, da Bukidnon. 'Yan'uwan nan huɗu da ƙabilunsu suna ci gaba da yaƙi da junansu kan ƙasa, har sai da Agbibilin ya umarce su da su sasanta takaddamarsu ta hanyar raba yankunansu. Sun haɗu a wani gida a Barabyas, Tikalaan (a cikin Talakag, kudu maso yammacin Kitanglad) kuma suka yi al'adar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ( ''Tampuda ho Balagon'' ). A cikin yarjejeniyar, 'yan'uwan sun sanya hannu kan yankuna don hana ci gaba da yaƙi, ta amfani da koguna da kololuwar tsaunuka ( ''tagaytay'' ). Dutsen Kitanglad da arewacin Bukidnon da Misamis Oriental sun tafi kungiyar Higaonon-Talaandig-Bukidnon. <ref name="Canoy" /> A cewar Sashen Binciken Kasa na Ofishin Kula da Kasa na Ma'adanai da Kasa, Dutsen Kitanglad an kuma san shi da '''Dutsen Alanguilan''', daga wani zane na sojojin Spain na 1850 na sansanin Moro a saman kololuwar da ke kallon "Rio de Cumaycay" (wanda shine Kogin Kumaykay a Dahilayan, Manolo Fortich ) a lokacin Yaƙin Spain da Moro . <ref name="replace fb source">{{Cite web |title=Featured Document of the Month for October 2022 |url=https://nationalarchives.gov.ph/featured-document-of-the-month-for-october-2022/ |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=National Archives of the Philippines |publisher=Republic of the Philippines}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sunan ya fito daga [[Harshen Tagalog|Tagalog]] {{Lang|tl|[[wikt:alangilan|alangilan]]}}, yana nufin itacen ylang-ylang ( ''Cananga odorata'' ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=alangilan |url=https://www.tagalog.com/dictionary/alangilan |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Tagalog.com}}</ref> == Kare Muhalli == An ayyana Dutsen Kitanglad a matsayin yanki mai kariya a ƙarƙashin rukunin wuraren shakatawa na halitta ta hanyar ''sanarwar Shugaban ƙasa mai lamba 896'' mai kwanan wata 24 ga Oktoba, 1996. <ref name="GovPH-Proc896">{{Cite web |title=Proclamation No. 896, s. 1996 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/10/24/proclamation-no-896-s-1996/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308075325/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/10/24/proclamation-no-896-s-1996/ |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2000, Dutsen Kitanglad ya zama cikakken yanki mai kariya lokacin da Majalisa ta amince da ''Dokar Jamhuriyar 8978'' wadda aka fi sani da "Dokar Yankin Kare Tsayin Dutsen Kitanglad na 2000." <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2000 |title=R.A. No. 8978: An Act Declaring the Mt. Kitanglad Range in the Province of Bukidnon as a Protected Area and its Peripheral Areas as Buffer Zones, Providing for its Management and for Other Purposes |url=http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8978.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802044115/http://www.thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8978.php |archive-date=August 2, 2018 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |website=The Corpus Juris |language=en}}</ref> Dutsen Kitanglad yana ɗauke da nau'ikan halittu sama da 600 masu ban mamaki da kuma na musamman, ciki har da tarsier na Philippines da Rafflesia schadenbergiana, fure na biyu mafi girma a duniya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park |url=https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/b+wiser/index.php/sites/mount-kitanglad-range-natural-park |website=Forest Management Bureau |access-date=2026-09-18 |archive-date=2021-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816040847/https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/b+wiser/index.php/sites/mount-kitanglad-range-natural-park |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wuri ne na gida ga gaggafa ta Philippines da ke fuskantar barazanar karewa. Sauran nau'ikan halittu masu kama da na sauran halittu da ake samu a nan sune jemage 'ya'yan itacen pygmy Alionycteris paucidenata da beraye biyu na asali, berayen Katanglad shrew-benci da berayen dutse mai launin toka-ciki . A shekara ta 2009, an ayyana wurin shakatawa na Mount Kitanglad Range (MKRNP) a matsayin wurin shakatawa na ASEAN . == Yankin kakanninmu == Dutsen Kitanglad wani yanki ne na yankin kakanni na manyan ƙungiyoyin 'yan asali guda uku: Talaandig, Higaonon, da mutanen Bukidnon . <ref name=":1" /> Al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar suna aiki don a amince da Dutsen Kitanglad a matsayin yankuna da yankuna na 'yan asalin ƙasar da al'umma ke kiyayewa don aiwatar da ƙa'idodin al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan tsaunukan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2013 |title=Proclamation of Mt. Kitanglad (The Philippines) as an ICCA |url=https://www.iccaconsortium.org/index.php/2013/09/05/proclamation-of-mt-kitanglad-the-philippines-as-an-icca/ |access-date=June 21, 2020 |website=ICCA Consortium |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0wlco4xqr72ms7y3xkea2z8nftnv0ez 0 174374 965806 946007 2026-10-10T14:16:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Mirador''' [[Tsauni|dutse]] ne da ke cikin birnin Baguio a cikin [[Tsawon tsaunuka|jerin tsaunukan]] Cordillera Central, Tsibirin Luzon a [[Filipin|Philippines]] . An kafa tashar nazarin yanayi a watan Satumba na shekarar 1909 kuma ita ce tasha ta biyu mafi girma a wannan lokacin, inda ta farko ita ce tashar nazarin yanayi a Dutsen Fuji. An kuma sanya wa tashar jirgin ruwan wannan na'urar ƙwallo ta lokaci da kuma siginar guguwa don amfanin birnin Baguio. Dutsen ya samar da tarin juriyar Japan ga rundunar soji da ta 'yan daba ta USAFIP-NL a lokacin 'yantar da birnin Baguio.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberation of Baguio City - PVAO |url=https://pvao.gov.ph/events/liberation-of-baguio-city/ |access-date=20 February 2022 |publisher=Philippine Veteran Affairs Office}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == cq8d5mfk0uui2codkvhelp3ckifxbq0 0 174383 965792 961615 2026-10-10T13:54:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dutsen Batulao''' wani tsibiri ne mara aiki a yankin Calabarzon na Philippines, wanda ke arewa maso yammacin lardin Batangas tare da iyakarsa da Cavite . <ref name="phivolcs">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2008 |title=Volcanoes of the Philippines; Inactive Volcanoes (Part 1) |url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:inactive-volcanoes&catid=55&Itemid=116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073926/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:inactive-volcanoes&catid=55&Itemid=116 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]]}}</ref> <ref name="journal">{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=George I. |date=1910 |title=Geological Reconnaissance of Southwestern |url=https://archive.org/stream/philippinejourna51910phi/philippinejourna51910phi_djvu.txt |journal=The Philippine Journal of Science |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=57–117 |access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref> Dutsen Taal ne mai siffar andesitic mai siffar stratovolcano a gefen arewa maso yammacin Dutsen Taal wanda ya fara samuwa a ƙarshen zamanin Pliocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 3.4 da suka wuce. Dutsen wani sanannen wuri ne na tsaunuka masu tsayi, yana birgima zuwa tsaunuka masu kauri da kuma kwaruruka masu zurfi da ke yamma da tashar tudun Tagaytay a ƙarshen kudu maso yammacin Tagaytay Ridge. An san ta sosai saboda kyawawan wurare, da kuma wuraren shakatawa da wuraren shakatawa da ke da nisan {{Convert|85|km|mi}} kudancin [[Manila]] . <ref name="journal" /> == Suna == Sunan ''Batulao'' ya fito ne daga ƙanƙantar jimlar [[Harshen Tagalog|Tagalog]] {{Lang|tl|bato sa ilaw}} ko {{Lang|tl|ilaw sa dalawang bato}} (dutse masu haske) dangane da abin da ke faruwa a dutsen a watan Disamba lokacin da hasken rana ke fitowa daga tsakanin manyan kololuwa biyu na dutsen ya haskaka su. <ref name="star">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Batulao: Gateway to Nasugbu |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/real-estate/2010/07/16/593311/batulao-gateway-nasugbu |access-date=14 August 2019 |website=Philstar.com |language=en}}</ref> Wasu majiyoyi sun ce sunansa wataƙila an samo shi ne daga wani abu da aka fassara daga kalmomin Tagalog {{Lang|tl|bato}} (dutse) da {{Lang|tl|dilaw}} (rawaya) yana nufin launin dutsen a lokacin fitowar rana. <ref name="cosmo">{{Cite web |last=Singson |first=Y. |date=30 June 2016 |title=Are You A First-Time Climber? You Should Check Out Mt. Batulao! |url=https://www.cosmo.ph/lifestyle/travel/first-time-climber-mt-batulao-a1194-20160630 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Cosmopolitan}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:Batulao_Circa_2015.jpg|thumb| Ra'ayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙololuwar dutsen goma sha biyu]] Dutsen Batulao ya tashi zuwa tsayin {{Convert|693|m|ft}} galibi a cikin gundumar Nasugbu . <ref name="phivolcs" /> Tana samar da ƙarshen kudu maso yammacin Tagaytay Range, wanda aka fi sani da Tagaytay Ridge kuma a tarihi ana kiranta da Cordillera de Tagaytay, wani babban tudun dutsen mai aman wuta wanda ke gudana a cikin kusurwar rabin da'ira na tsawon {{Convert|32|km|mi}} zuwa Dutsen Sungay a arewa maso gabas a Tagaytay yana kallon tafkin Taal da Volcano na Taal . <ref name="journal" /> Dutsen yana ɗauke da kololuwa goma sha biyu, ciki har da kololuwa biyu mafi tsayi da aka sanya masa suna. Ana gudanar da ɓangaren arewacin dutsen a matsayin wani ɓangare na Nasugbu yayin da a gabas, tsauninsa ya miƙe zuwa gundumar Cavite ta Alfonso . Zurfin kudu da yamma yana tsakanin ƙananan hukumomin Tuy, Balayan, da Lemery, da kuma birnin Calaca . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tuy |url=http://calabarzon.dilg.gov.ph/130-old-lgus/old-batangas-lgus/543-tuy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509222018/http://calabarzon.dilg.gov.ph/130-old-lgus/old-batangas-lgus/543-tuy |archive-date=2019-05-09 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Department of the Interior and Local Government |language=en}}</ref> Matsugunan sun haɗa da barangayiyar Aga da Calayway (Kaylaway) a Nasugbu, Bolboc da Mataywanac a Tuy, Patugo a Balayan, Cahil a Calaca, Mayasang a Lemery da Alfonso barangay na Kaysuyo. Dutsen yana da fadin {{Convert|185.9|km2|mi2}} Lian River Basin, wani yanki na Basin Nasugbu-Lian-Calatagan a cikin gundumomin Nasugbu, Lian, Tuy, Alfonso da Magallanes . Tana ɗauke da magudanar ruwan Kogin Lian-Palico, wanda ke gangarowa daga gangaren Dutsen Batulao mai tsayi da kuma {{Convert|656|m|ft}} babban Dutsen Carilao ta hanyar dazuzzukan daji da gonakin rake na biyu kafin a fara jigilar su zuwa gabar tekun Nasugbu na Tekun Kudancin China . Wannan kogin yana da jimillar tsawon {{Convert|34|km|mi}} kuma yana samar da matsakaicin fitarwa na mita cubic miliyan 19.44 (ƙafa miliyan 687 cubic). <ref name="batangas" /> Kogunan Montintubig (Munting Tubig), Obispo da Siomtiam suma suna da tushensu a Dutsen Batulao da magudanar ruwa zuwa Balayan Bay . [[File:Top_of_Mount_Batulao.jpg|left|thumb| Dutsen Carilao da tsaunin Pico de Loro kamar yadda aka gani daga saman Dutsen Batulao]] Dutsen Carilao, wani lokaci ana rubuta Cariliao kuma aka fi sani da Dutsen Talamitam, ya mamaye tazarar zuwa arewa tsakanin Batulao da Dutsen Palay-Palay–Mataas-na-Gulod (wanda aka fi sani da Dutsen Pico de Loro ). <ref name="journal" /> Wannan dutse da ke kan iyakar Nasugbu da gundumar Cavite ta Magallanes an san shi da ƙanwar Batulao kuma yana da shahararriyar hanyar tafiye-tafiye ga masu farawa. <ref name="star" /> A kudu maso gabashin Dutsen Carilao akwai Dutsen Aiming, wani dutse mai kaifi da babu kowa a ciki wanda tsayinsa ya kai {{Convert|359|m|ft}} . Duwatsu uku suna samar da ƙazanta wanda Babbar Hanyar Tagaytay-Nasugbu ta ratsa ta. Babban ɓangaren tazara tsakanin tsaunuka uku a Nasugbu mallakin mutum ne, wanda yawancinsu mallakar Hacienda Puyat na Gonzalo Puyat & Sons {{Convert|1837|ha}} da kuma Hacienda Caylaway na Roxas & Company mai {{Convert|867|ha}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=G.R. No. 127876 |url=https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/dec1999/gr_127876_1999.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |via=The LawPhil Project}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=G.R. No. 139051 |url=http://www.chanrobles.com/scresolutions/resolutions/2000/june/139051.php |access-date=15 August 2019 |via=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library}}</ref> Daga wani yanki na noma, kamfanonin iyali na Puyat da Roxas sun canza sassan wannan gefen Dutsen Batulao zuwa babban wurin zama na gidaje da wuraren ritaya, tare da otal-otal da dama, filayen wasan golf da kuma gidajen zama na condominium. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovative Real Estate and A Proud Local Culture |url=https://www.vgpuyatgroup.com/batangasprop |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=VGP Group of Companies |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407205250/https://www.vgpuyatgroup.com/batangasprop |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Roxas and Company, Inc. |url=https://www.roxascompany.com.ph |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Roxas & Company |archive-date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407205257/https://www.roxascompany.com.ph/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Waɗannan ci gaban suna da iyaka da dajin Batulao a kudu. == Ilimin ƙasa == Dutsen Batulao an jera shi ta Shirin Duniya na Volcanism a matsayin stratovolcano na Taal tare da mazugi na Maculod, Makiling da Sungay. Duk mazubin da aka ambata a sama duk aman wuta ne marasa aiki. Zamanin Dutsen Batulao ya dogara ne akan ma'ajiyar basalts da andesites ta amfani da tsarin radiometric na K-Ar wanda ya kama daga 3.4 zuwa 1.34 Ma (Pliocene - Pleistocene) (De Boer da abokan aikinsa, 1980; Wolfe and Self, 1983). A cewar wallafe-wallafen, kwararar basalt na dutsen mai aman wuta yana da matsakaicin shekarun radiometric na 2.9 Ma (Wolfe and Self, 1983). == Tsirrai da dabbobi == [[File:Batulao_overlooking_calaruega_church.jpg|thumb| Dutsen Batulao yana kallon Caleruega da Dajin Batulao]] Dutsen Batulao yana da dajin da ya kai {{Convert|30000|ha}} a tsakiyarsa zuwa ƙananan gangara a Nasugbu, Balayan da Calaca. Wuri ne na halitta mallakar mutum ɗaya, wanda bishiyoyi masu tsawon ƙarni suka miƙe har zuwa kwaruruka da kwaruruka a kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Besa |first=A. |date=8 July 2016 |title=The Secret, Complex Flavors of Philippine Cuisine |url=https://waytogo.cebupacificair.com/philippine-cuisine/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407205254/https://waytogo.cebupacificair.com/philippine-cuisine/ |archive-date=7 April 2020 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=[[Cebu Pacific]]}}</ref> Dajin dipterocarp mai girma na biyu yana da wuraren noma da ake shuka masara, ayaba, mangwaro da sauran bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace. Yankunan ciyawa da ciyayi a kan dutsen suna da rinjaye da ciyawar [[Tofa (shuka)|cogon]] da Kans, yayin da ƙananan tuddai da wuraren da ke da faɗi a hankali ake shuka su da amfanin gona daban-daban na noma. An samu akalla nau'ikan tsuntsaye 22 a cikin dajin Dutsen Batulao da kewaye a shekarar 2004, mafi yawansu sune tsuntsayen swiftlet masu sheƙi da kuma barn swallow . <ref name="birdwatch">{{Cite web |title=Philippine Birding Winter 2004 |url=http://www.birdwatch.ph/html/visitingbirders/birders20040224.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826131355/http://birdwatch.ph/html/visitingbirders/birders20040224.html |archive-date=26 August 2016 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Wild Bird Club of the Philippines}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Tsuntsayen Daji ta Philippines ta kuma rubuta sunayen waɗannan mazaunan Batulao: fantail mai kai shuɗi, blue rock thrush, brown shrike, collared kingfisher, Philippine hanging parrot, kykky tit, long-tailed shrike, lowland white-eye, olive-backed sunbird, Philippine bulbul, Philippine coucal, Philippine fairy-bluebird, Philippine pygmy woodpecker, spotted wood kingfisher, striated grassbird, striated swallow, white-breasted woodswallow, white-browed shama, white-brown dove brown brown dove da rawaya-vented bulbul . <ref name="birdwatch2">{{Cite web |title=Amadeo (Cavite) to Nasugbu (Batangas) |url=http://www.birdwatch.ph/html/trip/trip20040314.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201022913/http://www.birdwatch.ph/html/trip/trip20040314.html |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Wild Bird Club of the Philippines}}</ref> == Yin yawo a kan duwatsu == [[File:G0040344.jpg|left|thumb| Manyan duwatsu a saman Dutsen Batulao]] Dutsen Batulao sanannen yawon shakatawa ne na yini, inda jagoran yawon shakatawa na Philippines Pinoy Mountaineer ya ba shi maki mai wahala na "4/9". <ref name="pinoy">{{Cite web |last=Henares |first=I. |date=9 August 2007 |title=Mt. Batulao (811+) |url=http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/08/mt-batulao-811.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Pinoy Mountaineer}}</ref> Ana ba da shawarar dutsen ga masu farawa saboda ƙarancin wahalarsa da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin samansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lasco |first=G. |date=22 February 2014 |title=PinoyMountaineer Picks: Best Hikes for Beginners Near Manila |url=http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2014/02/pinoymountaineer-picks-best-hikes-for-2.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Pinoy Mountaineer}}</ref> Samun damar zuwa Metro Manila da yanayin sanyin sa, da kuma kusanci da birnin Tagaytay mai tsaunuka, shi ma ya sanya shi wurin yin sansani mai farin jini, tare da akalla wuraren sansani goma da aka keɓe da kuma kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar tashoshin ruwa, wuraren shawa na wucin gadi a tushe da kuma har ma da shagon sayar da ruwan buco a mahadar hanyoyi biyu. <ref name="pinoy" /> Ana iya isa ga dukkan kololuwar Dutsen Batulao guda goma sha biyu ta hanyar hawa ko dai hanyar gabas ko yamma. Hanyar Gabas, wadda aka fi sani da Old Trail, ita ce hanya mafi tsayi da ƙalubale zuwa saman dutse wadda za a iya isa ta hanyar tafiya a kan titin da ba shi da kyau daga KC Hillcrest Hotel & Golf Club (wanda a da Evercrest ne) a kan babbar hanyar Tagaytay-Nasugbu sannan a juya hagu da ƙafa a kan hanyar. <ref name="pinoy" /> Hawan hawa ne a hankali zuwa saman dutsen tare da ciyayi har zuwa wurin sansani na 8 inda matakan suka zama masu tsayi da rawa. <ref name="pinoy" /> Sabuwar hanyar zuwa yamma tana kaiwa ga wani yanki mai dazuzzuka da kuma zuwa "Kololuwar Yaudara." <ref name="pinoy" /> A saman samansa akwai hoton [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu]] inda masu bauta wa Maryamu ke yin zaman warkarwa sau biyu a shekara. <ref name="star" /> Kololuwar Batulao galibi duwatsu ne masu duwatsu waɗanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki game da Tafkin Taal da Dutsen Volcano, tsaunin Pico de Loro, koguna da rairayin bakin teku na Punta Fuego da Calatagan, da kuma kudu har zuwa Dutsen Macolod da Balayan Bay . <ref name="pinoy" /> == Nishaɗi == [[File:Cavitejf9881_28.JPG|thumb| Ra'ayin Taal Lake a nesa da kuma Canyon Woods daga gefen gabas na Dutsen Batulao a Caylaway]] Dutsen Batulao da kewayensa sun kasance filin wasa ga mazauna Metro Manila tun aƙalla shekarun 1970. A shekarar 1975, an ayyana yankin Dutsen Batulao a Nasugbu da kuma wasu sassan ƙananan hukumomin Maragondon da Ternate da ke makwabtaka da su a matsayin yankunan yawon buɗe ido. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Proclamation No. 1520, s. 1975 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1975/11/28/proclamation-no-1520-s-1975/ |access-date=15 August 2019 |via=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fara ci gaba da shi shine babban ɗakin ƙauye na Batulao wanda dangin sanata Gil Puyat suka ƙirƙiro kuma mai zane Benjamin Bautista ya tsara shi da ƙirar shimfidar wuri ta Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.. Wannan wuri ne da masu arziki na Manila suka fi so a yankin Tagaytay tare da filin wasan golf na Gary Player, gidan rawa, gidan rabin gida, masaukin ƙauye, gidaje da kuma wuraren wasanni tare da kotunan Jai alai . <ref name="star2" /> A shekarar 1998, an gina ginin shakatawa da wurin shakatawa mai suna Evercrest Golf Club & Resort (wanda yanzu shine KC Hillcrest Hotel & Golf Club) a kan kadarori mai {{Convert|78.8|ha}} a cikin tsaunukan Nasugbu Highlands mai {{Convert|1300|ha}} na kamfanin Puyat Group Developers Inc. <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Major Projects Completed |url=http://www.federalbuildersinc.com/list-of-major-projects-completed.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Federal Builders |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623205147/http://www.federalbuildersinc.com/list-of-major-projects-completed.html |archive-date=23 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi otal mai ɗakuna 76, filin wasan golf da kuma gidan zama, kuma kamfanin Gulod Resort mallakar ɗan kasuwa Jose Go na sarkar [[Ever Gotesco Malls|Ever Gotesco]] ne ya ƙirƙiro shi. Kamfanin shi ne kuma mai haɓaka kadarar da ke kusa da Chateau Royale Sports & Country Club (wanda yanzu ake kira Chateau Royale Hotel Resort & Spa), wani katafaren wurin shakatawa {{Convert|170|ha}} wanda ke gida ga wurin shakatawa na Tree Top Adventure da Metropolitan Medical Center Nasugbu. <ref name="pna" /> Sauran abubuwan ci gaba a cikin tsaunukan Nasugbu sun haɗa da Batulao Monte Grande (yanzu Sandari Batulao), ƙauyen tsaunin {{Convert|800|ha}} wanda Citystate Properties na jakadan Antonio Cabangon-Chua ya ƙaddamar a 2007, da Batulao Artscapes, {{Convert|142|ha}} wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar gine- ginen gine-gine. . <ref name="star" /> == Cibiyoyin hutu == [[File:Caleruega's_Charm.jpg|thumb| Cocin Canji a Caleruega]] Dutsen Batulao gida ne ga Caleruega, babban wurin shakatawa kuma sanannen wurin bikin aure wanda ke kan {{Convert|8|ha}} na tsaunuka kusa da tsohon Evercrest Golf Club. An kafa ta ne ta hanyar Dominican Order a shekarar 1994 a matsayin wurin taron karawa juna sani da kuma wuraren shakatawa na cibiyoyin Dominican a Philippines. An sanya wa ginin addinin suna ne bayan wurin haihuwar mai kula da cocin Dominican, Saint Dominic, a Spain . Shahararren wurin da aka fi sani da shi shine wani cocin da ke kan tudu, Chapel of the Transfiguration of Jesus, wanda ya zama wurin bikin aure da aka fi so a wajen gari wanda ke ɗaukar mutane 150 kacal. Babban cocin yana kewaye da bishiyoyin pine waɗanda suka yi kama da garin Sipaniya, kuma yana da mutum-mutumin Kristi da Ben Hur Villanueva ya tsara a farfajiyar gaban cocin. Gabaɗaya ginin ya ƙunshi gidaje 39 na Katolika da ake amfani da su a matsayin gidajen hutu, gidajen koyarwa, makarantun addini da kuma gidajen addu'a. <ref name="caleruega" /> 'Yan Salesians na Don Bosco a Philippines suma suna gudanar da cibiyar hutu a Dutsen Batulao. An kafa Cibiyar Don Bosco don Ruhaniya a shekarar 1984, kuma an keɓe ta ga mai kula da ita, Mary Help of Christians, kuma an san ta da Mary Help of Christians House of Spirituality. <ref name="bosco">{{Cite web |title=Historical Background |url=https://www.slsdb.edu.ph/history29_logo2.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=St. Louise School of Don Bosco |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807231917/https://www.slsdb.edu.ph/history29_logo2.html |archive-date=7 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tana da cocin nata da ke kan tudu, wanda kuma ke shirya bukukuwan aure, wanda ke kusa da ƙofar shiga gidan hutunta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weddings |url=http://donboscobatulao.org/weddings.html |access-date=15 August 2019 |website=Don Bosco Batulao |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818220801/http://donboscobatulao.org/weddings.html |archive-date=18 August 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pfolonlkym4umwnk4lugcfw85pv45nj 0 174384 965793 946029 2026-10-10T13:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Bernacci''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Tangcong Vaca''' a yankin) wani dutse ne da ke Camarines Sur, [[Filipin|Philippines]], wanda ke da siffarsa mai kama da [[Tebur|mesa]] . Tsawonsa ya kai {{Convert|756|m|ft}} sama da matakin teku. Dutsen ya kasance tushen ayyukan {{Interlanguage link|Tangcong Vaca Guerilla Unit|bcl}} a lokacin mamayar Japan, inda aka yi masa suna daga babban dutsen. A cikin tatsuniyar gargajiya ta gida, dutsen yana da alaƙa da wurin shakatawa na ƙasa na Libmanan da ke kusa, kuma an yi masa lakabi da '''Dutsen Hantu''' ko '''Amtig''' .   <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes - Chapter XV (by Fedor Jagor et al) |url=https://www.authorama.com/former-philippines-16.html |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=www.authorama.com}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Dutsen Bernacci, wanda aka fi sani da ''Tangcong Vaca'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "ƙugun shanu," an sanya masa suna ne saboda kamanninsa da ƙugun shanu na Brahman . Dutse da kogon Libmanan da ke kusa ana kiransu da ''Hantik'' a cikin tatsuniyar yankin. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a san asalin sunan da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ba. == Yanayin ƙasa da wuraren ruwa == Dutsen Bernacci ya kai {{Convert|756|m|ft}} kuma yana tsakanin Libmanan da Pasacao, yana da fadin {{Convert|29.75|km2|sqmi}} . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=CSW-R-000-GN-0006-0 Geohazard Report {{!}} PDF {{!}} Earthquakes {{!}} Sinkhole |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/826210345/CSW-R-000-GN-0006-0-Geohazard-Report |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Scribd |language=en}}</ref> Dutsen ya shahara saboda siffarsa [[Tebur|mai kama da mesa]] tare da gangaren dutse mai tsayi a gefen gabas. Tsarin ƙasansa ya ƙunshi sassan sedimentary, gami da manyan tsarin dutse mai daraja . <ref name=":3" /> Dutsen yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin wurin ruwa ga yankin, inda dazuzzukansa ke ciyar da gawawwaki da dama a kusa. Sanannen fasalin ruwa sun haɗa da kogin Caranan, Tinalmud da Itulan, tafkin Caliryuhan, da magudanan ruwa na Herodes da Tinandayagan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=DENR reforests 210 hectares of watershed areas in Bicol. |url=http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=12&sec=reader&fi=p060525.htm&no=45 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=archives.pia.gov.ph}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dutsen ya ƙunshi babban tafkin ruwa na Libmanan-Pulantana, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwaruruka na Kogin Bicol, wanda ya mamaye kusan hekta 71,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libmanan-Pulantuna Watershed: Replicating Integrated Ecosystem Management for Socioeconomic Development: an IEM Story {{!}} DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES FOREIGN-ASSISTED AND SPECIAL PROJECTS SERVICE eLibrary |url=https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/node/328 |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=faspselib.denr.gov.ph |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504160355/https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/node/328 |archive-date=2022-05-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libmanan-Pulantana Watershed |url=https://faspselib.denr.gov.ph/sites/default/files//Publication%20Files/Libmanan%20P%20Watershed%20Article.pdf |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Yanayi === Dutsen Bernacci yana da yanayin dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-1725547.html |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=www.mindat.org |language=en}}</ref>{{Weather box}} == Bambancin halittu == === Tsuntsaye === An yi rikodin abubuwan gani na nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa, yawancin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Philippines da arewacin Luzon, a kan dutsen, wannan ya haɗa da rufous coucal ( ''Centropus unirufus ),'' trogon Philippine ( ''Harpactes ardens ),'' ma'aikacin ƙarfe ''( Psilopogon haemacephalus ),'' Philippine rataye parrot ''( Loriculusist philipcephaled ),'' philippen philipcephaled ''( Parot). philippinensis ),'' blue-kan fantail ''( Rhipidura cyaniceps ),'' baƙar fata-naped monarch ( ''Hypothymis azurea'' ), yellow-wattled bulbul ( ''Poliolophus urostictus'' ), farin-browed shama ( ''Copsychus luzoniensis'' ), bicolored flowerpecker ( ''Dicaeum bicolorated'' ), sun grey-thrigulated threy-thrigulated, sun grey ''-thrigulated'' . flaming sunbird ( ''Aethopyga flagrans ).'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Camarines Sur, Philippines - eBird |url=https://ebird.org/region/PH-CAS |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=ebird.org |language=en}}</ref> == Kayayyakin more rayuwa == An kuma sanar da wani aikin gona na iska don ginawa a saman dutsen, wanda aka kiyasta zai samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatts 71.40. <ref name=":3" /> == Tatsuniyoyi == An kira dutsen, tare da tsarin kogo da ke kusa, ''Dutsen Hantik'' a cikin tarihin ''Ibalong'' na Bikolano. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga wani nau'in tururuwa mai yawa, ''Oecophylla smaragdina'' da ke zaune a cikin kogo, inda Handyong ya tuka ya binne macizai masu wayo waɗanda suka ɓoye kansu a matsayin 'yan mata. Labarin ya kuma ba da labarin cewa Dutsen Hantik, tare da Dutsen Kulasi (wanda yanzu ake kira Colasi Peak) da [[Dutsen Isarog|Isarog]], sun yi aman wuta kimanin shekaru 4,500 da suka gabata. A cewar tatsuniyar baka, ana tsammanin saman dutsen yana ɗauke da babban tafki, wanda ke ciyar da magudanan ruwa kuma ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da kwararar Kogin Bicol, wanda hakan ke nuna muhimmancin al'adu da muhalli na dutsen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibalon |first=Dateline |date=2025-06-20 |title=The Story of Libmanan is the Story of the River {{!}} Pepe San Miguel Umali |url=https://dateline-ibalon.com/2025/06/the-story-of-libmanan-is-the-story-of-the-river-pepe-san-miguel-umali/ |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=DATELINE IBALON |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == A ranar 8 ga Maris, 1965, wani jirgin sama kirar Filipinas Orient Airways Douglas DC-3A ya fadi ya kuma ƙone a gangaren Dutsen Bernacci, yayin da yake gab da filin jirgin saman Naga . Jimillar waɗanda suka mutu sun kai 10, ciki har da ma'aikatan jirgin guda 3. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-3A PI-C948 Mt Tangcong Vaca |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19650308-0 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1993, wani jirgin saman sojin saman Philippines C-130H Hercules ya yi hatsari a kan Dutsen Bernacci. Jirgin ya tashi daga Manila da ƙarfe 2:17 na rana don kai kayan agaji zuwa yankin da guguwar Lola ta lalata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 16, 1993 |title=Military Cargo Plane Crashes in Philippines |url=https://apnews.com/article/e959124f5398b61ff33f7d9af0b3dd45 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125141126/https://apnews.com/article/e959124f5398b61ff33f7d9af0b3dd45 |archive-date=January 25, 2023 |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref> Jimillar waɗanda suka mutu sun kai 30, ciki har da ma'aikatan jirgin guda 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules 4761 Tanag, Libmanan, Camarines Sur |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19931215-2 |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s3idfbo5jqlbo3twne4fpvqia3zlk5e 0 174389 965791 946046 2026-10-10T13:53:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bagabag''' tsibiri ne a cikin Lardin Madang na [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] (PNG), wanda ke da dutsen wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagabag |url=http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=251802 |access-date=13 September 2016 |website=[[Global Volcanism Program]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]}}</ref> Yana daga cikin karamar hukumar Karkar Rural LLG ta PNG.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village Coordinates Lookup |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/village-coordinates-lookup |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=OCHA}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa da ilimin ƙasa == Bagabag yana da 43 kilometres (27 mi) gabas-arewa-gabas daga Cape Croilles a bakin tekun arewa na babban yankin Papua New Guinea, kuma ita ce tsibiri mafi kusa da Tsibirin Karkar wanda yake da 18 kilometres (11 mi) zuwa arewa maso yamma. Tsibirin yana da siffar zagaye kamar zagaye, diamita na kimanin 7 kilometres (4 mi) . Yana da yanki na 37 square kilometres (14 sq mi) . Babban abin da ke cikin bakin tekun shine Kirsimeti Bay, wanda ya ratsa kudu maso gabashin tsibirin. Asalin dutsen mai aman wuta, ƙasar Bagabaga ta ƙunshi gangaren tsaunuka masu tsayi da kauri waɗanda suka kai sama da 600 metres (2,000 ft) sama da matakin teku. Yawancin gabar tekun arewa, gabas da kudu suna da gefen teku mai kama da shinge kamar 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) a bakin teku; bakin teku yana da kunkuntar, kuma galibi yana nutsewa. == Tattalin Arziki == Mutanen daga Karkar sun ziyarci Bagabag ta jirgin ruwa. Tsibirin yana da wadataccen betel-nut, aladu na gida da abincin lambu. Tsibirin yana tallafawa ƙauyuka huɗu tare da jimlar yawan jama'a kusan 3,000. Akwai iyakantaccen kudin shiga daga masu yawon bude ido, musamman kwararru masu nutsewa, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, da masunta.<ref name="NDA">{{Cite web |title=Bagabag Island |url=https://www.niuginidiveadventures.com/bagabag-island |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Niugini Dive Adventures}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagabag Island, Papua New Guinea |url=http://gocruising.cruisefactory.net/ports/view/3247/bagabag+island-+papua+new+guinea |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Go Holidays!}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == Ganin farko da Turawa suka yi na tsibirin Karkar ya kasance daga mai ba da hanya na Mutanen Espanya Iñigo Órtiz de Retes a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1545 lokacin da yake cikin jirgin ''San Juan'' ya yi ƙoƙarin dawowa daga Tidore zuwa New Spain. Tsibirin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa masu kyau da yawa waɗanda Sojojin Ruwa na Japan suka yi amfani da su a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] don ɓoye jiragen ruwa da ƙananan jiragen ruwa. Jiragen sama da yawa sun fadi ko kuma sun fadi a cikin teku a kusa da tsibirin.<ref name="NDA" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagabag Island Madang Province Papua New Guinea (PNG) |url=https://pacificwrecks.com/location/png_bagabag.html |access-date=15 July 2025 |website=Pacific Wrecks}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p6d8xj11j8lqdcsulcbmjvhynef5j6e 0 174404 965811 946074 2026-10-10T14:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dutsen Sibulan''' wani [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen mai]] aman wuta ne da ba ya aiki a Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur kusa da wani wurin shakatawa da ake kira [[Forest Hill Resort]] a lardin Yankin XI. Yana cikin Dutsen Apo Natural Park . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydropower company joins cause to improve forest condition in country's highest peak. |url=https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/b+wiser/index.php/bulletin/19-2015/february-2015/116-hydropower-company-joins-cause-to-improve-forest-condition-in-country-s-highest-peak |access-date=26 February 2022 |publisher=Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226025605/https://forestry.denr.gov.ph/b+wiser/index.php/bulletin/19-2015/february-2015/116-hydropower-company-joins-cause-to-improve-forest-condition-in-country-s-highest-peak |archive-date=26 February 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Stub}} k9khnj2r5owq5w46v0wpvb2ado6foc6 0 174727 966059 947146 2026-10-11T05:53:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kronotsky''' (Кроноцкий) '''Nature Reserve''' (also: ''Kronotsky Biosphere Zapovednik'') is a Russian zapovednik (strict nature reserve) reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remote Russian Far East, on the coast of the [[Yankin Kamchatka|Kamchatka Peninsula]]. It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of {{Convert|10,990|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="EB" /> The largest lake in the reserve is Lake Kronotskoye, which covers an area of {{Convert|246|km2}}.<ref name="water">{{Cite web |last=Izmaylova |first=A. V. |script-title=ru:Кроноцкое озеро |url=http://water-rf.ru/Водные_объекты/1139/Кроноцкое_озеро |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=Water of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> It also has Russia's only geyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous [[Dutsen Volcano|volcanoes]], both active and extinct. Due to its often-harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the '''Land of Fire and Ice'''. Kronotsky galibi ana iya isa ga masana kimiyya ne kawai, tare da kusan masu yawon bude ido 3,000 a kowace shekara waɗanda ke biyan kuɗin da ya dace da US $ 700 don tafiya ta Helikofta don ziyarar rana ɗaya. Yana daga cikin tsaunuka masu fashewa na Kamchatka, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya]] na [[UNESCO]]. == Yankin da yanayi == Kronotsky yana cikin Kamchatka-Kurile meadows da ƙananan gandun daji, wanda ke rufe yankunan bakin teku na Kamchatka da tsibirai da ke kewaye da shi. Yanayin yanayi ne mai zafi, lokacin sanyi (Köppen climate classification ''Dwb''). Wannan yanayin yana da bambancin zafin jiki, yau da kullun da kuma yanayi, tare da hunturu mai bushe da lokacin sanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottek |first=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web |title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications |url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Fiye da nau'ikan shuke-shuke 750 suna girma a cikin ajiyar, wanda ke da tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta da ke tashi har zuwa tsawo sama da 3,510 m (11,500 feet). Tsaro na yanayi yana alfahari da bears masu launin ruwan kasa sama da 800, wasu daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, wanda zai iya girma zuwa sama da {{Convert|540|kg|lb}} . Yawan jama'a 800-plus ya sa ya zama mafi yawan mutanen Eurasia da aka kare. Bears a cikin ajiyar Kronotsky sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da juna a kogunan salmon a cikin wurin shakatawa, inda za su iya yin hulɗa da juna kyauta.<ref name="Kronotsky Reserve">{{Cite web |title=Kronotsky Reserve |url=http://kronoki.org/ |access-date=January 21, 2014 |publisher=kronoki.org}}</ref> An lura da wasu bears don ƙanshin man fetur da man fetur daga ganga mai da aka watsar da shi wanda ajiyar ke amfani da shi don janareto da helikofta, a bayyane yake sun zama [[Addiction|jaraba]]. Bayan numfashi na 'yan mintoci kaɗan, sai su tono rami mai zurfi inda za su kwanta. An ga bears suna jiran jirage masu saukar ungulu su tashi don su iya numfasawa duk wani man fetur da za a iya saukewa a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levinson |first=Sean |date=13 April 2013 |title=Bears In Russia Are Addicted To Jet Fuel, Sniff It To Get High And Pass Out |url=https://www.elitedaily.com/news/world/bears-russia-addicted-jet-fuel-sniff-high-pass |access-date=16 December 2018 |publisher=Elite Daily}}</ref> == Kwarin Geysers == [[File:Valley_of_the_Geysers.jpg|left|thumb|275x275px|Kwarin Geysers]] <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  (Russian) da filin geyser na Mutnovsky sune kawai wuraren geyser a Eurasia; Kwarin Geyers shine na biyu mafi girma na geysers a duniya. Rashin mai tsawon kilomita 6 tare da kusan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da maɓuɓuɓɓuka masu zafi da yawa suna kan [[Yankin Kamchatka]] a Gabashin Gabashin Rasha, galibi a gefen hagu na Kogin Geysernaya mai zurfi. A cikin kwarin, wani dutsen wuta ya rushe kimanin shekaru 40,000 da suka gabata, ya samar da Uzon Caldera, wanda ke ci gaba da tururi a wuraren da [[Magma]] zai iya dumama ruwan kasa zuwa kusa da tafasa. Yankin bai kai kilomita {{Convert|13|km|mi}} ba (8.1 kuma yana da akalla maɓuɓɓugar zafi 500, tukwane na laka, da sauran irin waɗannan fasalulluka. Daga cikin geysers shine Velikan (giant) Geyser, wanda ke fashewa tare da tan na ruwa wanda ke fitar da fiye da mita 25 cikin iska yayin fashewar minti daya kusan kowane sa'o'i shida. Akalla 20 irin wadannan geysers suna fitowa a kan wani sashi na Geysernaya River Basin a cikin kwarin Geysers, tare da da da yawa daga cikin ƙananan magudanan ruwa da daruruwan maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan geysers yana fashewa tare da tan 60 na ruwa sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a shekara.<ref name="NG" /> == "Kasuwanci" na Kronotsky == Yankin yau na ajiyar yana da matsayin gonar gona na shekaru da yawa; a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, gida ne ga ƙauyuka da rukunin soja, ana gudanar da binciken mai, kuma ana tsara tashar wutar lantarki.<ref name="seychas">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-01 |title=Новое «дело ученых» |trans-title=A new "scientists' case" |url=http://seychas.info/2022/07/01/novoe-delo-uchenyh/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155544/http://seychas.info/2022/07/01/novoe-delo-uchenyh/ |archive-date=2022-07-03 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Seychas Info |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="rata">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Кроноцкий заповедник просит помочь в борьбе за справедливый исход «дела об очистке» |trans-title=Kronotsky Nature Reserve is asking for help in fighting for a fair outcome to the "clean-up case" |url=https://ratanews.ru/news/news_30062022_2.stm |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Rata News |language=ru}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2015, ajiyar ita ce ta farko a Rasha da za a haɗa ta cikin shirin matukin jirgi don kawar da lalacewa daga ayyukan tattalin arziki. Jiha ta ware kudade na rubles miliyan 454 ga aikin.<ref name="kamch">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Директор Кроноцкого заповедника увольняется из-за уголовного преследования коллег |trans-title=Kronotsky Nature Reserve director resigns over criminal prosecution of colleagues |url=https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50641/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701024846/https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50641/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Kamchatka Info |language=ru}}</ref> Daga Fabrairu 2015 zuwa Agusta 2016, Alexander Ilyin ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Yankunan Karewa. A lokacin mulkinsa, kamfanin Vitaly Drozd "Ecologiya" ya sami kwangilar don tsaftace yankin ajiyar.<ref name="kumarkov">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-30 |title=Министр природных ресурсов и экологии Камчатки выступил в защиту коллектива Кроноцкого заповедника |url=https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50650/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701024847/https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50650/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Камчатка Инфо |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Tikhon Shpilenok, mai kiyayewa na gado kuma ɗan Igor Shpilenok, shugaban Biransk Forest Reserve kuma sanannen mai ɗaukar hoto na namun daji, ya mutu daga ciwon daji yana da shekaru 36. <ref name="kamch" /><ref name="current">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=На Камчатке уволился директор Кроноцкого заповедника в знак протеста против обвинения его сотрудников в многомиллионных хищениях |trans-title=In Kamchatka, the director of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve has resigned in protest over allegations of multi-million dollar embezzlement by his staff |url=https://www.currenttime.tv/a/kamchatka-uvolilsya-direktor-kronotskogo-zapovednika-mnogomillionnoe-hischenie/31922897.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701024758/https://www.currenttime.tv/a/kamchatka-uvolilsya-direktor-kronotskogo-zapovednika-mnogomillionnoe-hischenie/31922897.html |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Current time |language=ru}}</ref> Tikhon Shpilenok ya gano game da bincikensa a watan Afrilun 2015; dole ne ya bar ajiyar don magani kuma bai kasance daga wurin aikinsa ba kusan duk shekara ta 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novosti |url=http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701024844/http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Kronotsky Nature Reserve. The case of the clean-up |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, dan uwansa Pyotr Shpilenok ya dauki matsayin Tikhon a matsayin darektan ajiyar.<ref name="kamch" /> A cikin 2018, Vitaly Drozd ya zama wanda ake tuhuma a cikin shari'ar zamba kuma a cikin 2020 don cin hanci da rashawa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na hadin gwiwarsa tare da binciken, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Tikhon Shpilenok da abokan aikinsa sun yi amfani da kuɗin da aka bayar don tsaftacewa. Godiya ga yarjejeniyar da aka yi da binciken, Drozd ya sami hukuncin dakatar da shi maimakon shekaru 10 a kurkuku. Bisa ga shaidar Drozd da Ilyin, Kwamitin Bincike na Kamchatka ya fara shari'ar aikata laifuka a kan ma'aikata hudu na ajiyar: Daraktan Kimiyya da Yawon Bude Ido Roman Korchigin, Shugaban Sashen Kimiyya Darya Panicheva, Mataimakin Darakta na Taimako na Kudi Oksana Terekhova, da Mataimakin Babban Jami'in Harkokin Kasuwanci Nikolai Pozdnyakov.<ref name="kp">{{Cite web |last=Новиков, Р. |date=2022-06-30 |title=«С болью в сердце»: «дело об очистке» на Камчатке может разрушить судьбы ученых |url=https://www.dv.kp.ru/daily/27412/4610488/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702100805/https://www.dv.kp.ru/daily/27412/4610488/ |archive-date=2022-07-02 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Комсомольская правда |language=ru}}</ref> A cewar masu bincike, wata kungiya mai aikata laifuka daga gudanarwar Kronotsky Nature Reserve ta sace rubles miliyan 460 da jihar ta ware don tsaftace shi kuma ta binne ƙarfe a yankin ajiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khitrov, V. |date=2019-03-06 |title=Вот такая «Экология» |trans-title=So much for ‘Ecology’ |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2019/03/06/79790-vot-takaya-ekologiya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715024203/https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2019/03/06/79790-vot-takaya-ekologiya |archive-date=2020-07-15 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> Masu gabatar da kara sun nemi shekaru shida a kurkuku ga Roman Korchigin, shekaru bakwai ga Daria Panicheva, shekaru takwas ga Oksana Terekhova da shekaru hudu da rabi ga Nikolai Pozdnyakov.<ref name="current" /> Masu kare ma'aikatan ajiyar suna nuna rashin daidaituwa mai yawa a cikin kayan gabatar da kara: alal misali, shaidar Roman Korchigin game da laifi ta dogara ne akan abubuwan da suka faru daga 2015, lokacin da bai riga ya yi aiki a ajiyar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=В Петропавловск-Камчатском городском суде по делу начались прения сторон |trans-title=Debates to start in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky City Court |url=http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/tpost/zfglci5xk1-v-petropavlovsk-kamchatskom-gorodskom-su |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155154/http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/tpost/zfglci5xk1-v-petropavlovsk-kamchatskom-gorodskom-su |archive-date=2022-07-03 |access-date=2022-07-01 |language=ru}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, binciken bai gudanar da gwagwarmaya ɗaya ba, kuma ya ki gudanar da ƙwararren kimantawa na takardun da kuma nazarin aikin da aka yi. Wuraren da ke yankin ajiyar yanayi inda ake zargin an binne sharar gida ba a ambaci sunayensu ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=На Камчатке директор Кроноцкого заповедника увольняется в знак протеста против обвинения его сотрудников |trans-title=In Kamchatka, the director of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve resigns in protest over the accusations against his staff |url=https://www.sibreal.org/a/na-kamchatke-direktor-kronotskogo-zapovednika-uvolnyaetsya-v-znak-protesta/31922356.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155216/https://www.sibreal.org/a/na-kamchatke-direktor-kronotskogo-zapovednika-uvolnyaetsya-v-znak-protesta/31922356.html |archive-date=2022-07-03 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Real Sibir |language=ru}}</ref> Gaskiyar cewa an share kilomita 243 na bakin tekun wurin shakatawa daga datti, cire fiye da tan 1,300 na sharar gida da fiye da ganga 5,000 na man fetur da mai, an rubuta su ta hanyar hotuna da bidiyo masu yawa, rahotanni da yawa da aka watsa a tashoshin tarayya, da yawa daga cikinsu tare da sa hannun jami'an yanki. Kotun, duk da haka, ta ki la'akari da duk waɗannan takardun.<ref name="kumarkov" /><ref name="mediazon">{{Cite web |last=Kravtsova, I. |date=2022-12-22 |title=Преступная группа экологов. Сотрудников заповедника на Камчатке посадили за сотни тонн закопанных отходов, но экспертиза нашла только две бочки и одну банку |trans-title=A criminal group of environmentalists. Employees of a nature reserve in Kamchatka were jailed for hundreds of tonnes of buried waste, but forensics found only two barrels and one can |url=https://zona.media/article/2022/12/22/kamchatka |access-date=2023-01-16 |publisher=Mediazona |language=ru}}</ref> Kotun ta kuma ki ta haɗa rahoton da masana kimiyya na MSU suka yi a shekarar 2021 wanda suka rubuta game da sake shuke-shuke na wuraren da aka share.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kozhin M. N., Budanova E. В. |title=Оценка восстановления растительного покрова антропогенно нарушенных участков в районах устья реки Большая Чажма, мыса Козлова и маяка «Мыс Кроноцкий» |trans-title=Assessment of revegetation of anthropogenically disturbed areas at the mouth of the Bolshaya Chazhma River, Cape Kozlova and ‘Cape Kronotsky’ lighthouse |publisher=Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kp" /> Ɗaya daga cikin shaidun masu gabatar da kara, I. S. Koval, ya tabbatar da cewa wasu sa hannu a cikin ladabi a madadinsa an ƙirƙira su, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje.<ref name="seychas" /> Gwamnan Kamchatka Vladimir Solodov ya yi magana don tallafawa wadanda ake tuhuma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-30 |title=Губернатор Камчатки верит в непредвзятый суд над сотрудниками Кроноцкого заповедника |trans-title=The governor of Kamchatka believes in an unbiased trial of Kronotsky Nature Reserve employees |url=https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50652/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701032211/https://kamchatinfo.com/news/politics/detail/50652/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Kamchatka Inform |language=ru}}</ref> Har ila yau, Vsevolod Stepanitsky, Babban Masanin Muhalli na Tarayyar Rasha, Ministan albarkatun kasa da muhalli na Kamchatka Krai Alexei Kumarkov, shugaban "RussiaDiscovery" Vadim Mamontov, da sauransu da yawa sun bayyana tsaron su.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-07-01 |title=Слова поддержки от эксперта федерального уровня Всеволода Степаницкого |trans-title=Words of support from federal-level expert Vsevolod Stepanitsky. |url=http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/tpost/7n1n7gsrx1-slova-podderzhki-ot-eksperta-federalnogo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155335/http://kronokiochistka.wildnet.ru/tpost/7n1n7gsrx1-slova-podderzhki-ot-eksperta-federalnogo |archive-date=2022-07-03 |access-date=2022-07-01 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="kumarkov" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-30 |title=Кроноцкий заповедник просит помочь в борьбе за справедливый исход «дела об очистке» |trans-title=Kronotsky Nature Reserve is asking for help in fighting for a fair outcome to the "clean-up case" |url=https://ratanews.ru/news/news_30062022_2.stm |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=RATA News |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812081829/https://ratanews.ru/news/news_30062022_2.stm |archive-date=2022-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2022, darektan Peter Shpilenok ya yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin abokan aikinsa. Shpilenok ya tabbata cewa masu goyon bayan noman salmon na masana'antu a Tafkin Kronotsky ne ke bayan zargi. Aikin gina hanyar kifi ta wucin gadi tsakanin tafkin da Tekun Pacific mallakar Gleb Frank's Russian Fisheries Company ne, surukin ɗan kasuwa Gennady Timchenko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Подозреваемая в растрате Дарья Паничева вернулась на Камчатку под домашний арест |trans-title=Suspected embezzler Darya Panicheva returned to Kamchatka under house arrest |url=https://kam24.ru/news/main/20190303/67016.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Kam24 |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="memo" /> Daria Panicheva, a matsayin shugaban sashen kimiyya na ajiyar yanayi, tana da alhakin shirya shari'ar kimiyya game da aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-31 |title=Двух сотрудниц Кроноцкого заповедника освободили из-под домашнего ареста |trans-title=Two employees of Kronotsky Nature Reserve released from house arrest |url=https://kamchatinfo.com/news/society/detail/32654/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618162015/https://kamchatinfo.com/news/society/detail/32654/ |archive-date=2022-06-18 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Kamchatka Inform |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-01 |title=Брянского учёного Дарью Паничеву задержали на Камчатке за растрату |trans-title=Bryansk scientist Daria Panicheva detained in Kamchatka for embezzlement |url=https://www.bragazeta.ru/news/2019/03/01/bryanskogo-uchenogo-daryu-panichevu-zaderjali-na-kamchatke-za-rastratu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510073139/https://www.bragazeta.ru/news/2019/03/01/bryanskogo-uchenogo-daryu-panichevu-zaderjali-na-kamchatke-za-rastratu/ |archive-date=2022-05-10 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Bryansk News |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-28 |title=Чудеса в заповеднике |trans-title=Miracles in the reserve |url=https://kamchatka.aif.ru/archive/1781568 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618025922/https://kamchatka.aif.ru/archive/1781568 |archive-date=2021-06-18 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Argumenti i Fakti |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="memo">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2019 |title=Panicheva Darya Mikhailovna |url=https://memohrc.org/ru/defendants/panicheva-darya-mihaylovna |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701032116/https://memohrc.org/ru/defendants/panicheva-darya-mihaylovna |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2022-07-01 |publisher=Memorial |language=ru}}</ref> Musamman, har ma da babban mai shaida ga masu gabatar da kara, Vitaly Drozd, ya ce a kotu cewa bai fahimci "abin da ma'aikatan ajiya ke yi a nan ba", yayin da Alexander Ilyin ya ce "an gudanar da aikin tsaftacewa tare da shigar da injuna, tare da shigar jiragen ruwa, sufuri".<ref name="seychas" /> Sai kawai lokacin da aka riga aka yanke hukuncin laifi, a farkon watan Disamba na 2022, Ma'aikatar albarkatun kasa ta ba da umarnin ƙwararren ƙididdigar yanayin yanayi a cikin ajiyar. Kwarewar ta nuna cewa babu wani sharar gida a yankin ajiyar, amma akwai shaidar aiki don motsa sharar gida zuwa wuraren cirewa. Wannan gaba ɗaya ya karyata babban zargi na binciken cewa an sace kuɗin kasafin kuɗi kuma an binne ƙarfe kawai.<ref name="mediazon" /> A farkon watan Satumbar 2022, sama da wakilan 60 na kungiyoyin muhalli sun rubuta wasika ga Shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin, suna rokonsa ya dauki iko da kansa game da shari'ar a kan ma'aikatan Kronotsky da kuma umarnin Ofishin Babban Lauyan da Kwamitin Bincike su sake nazarin shari'ar kuma su gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasilyeva, A. |date=2022-09-02 |title=Президенту предлагают защитить защитников природы |trans-title=President is asked to protect conservationists |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5538129 |access-date=2023-01-17 |publisher=Kommersant |language=ru}}</ref> Rashin ma'aikata saboda laifin ya haifar da dakatar da ayyukan bincike da balaguro a cikin Kronotsky Nature Reserve da Kudancin Kamchatka Federal Wildlife Refuge . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-21 |title=Дирекция «Кроноцкого заповедника» объявила о возобновлении экскурсионной работы |trans-title=The management of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve has announced the resumption of excursion work |url=https://kam24.ru/news/main/20220721/90547.html#.utY1u5LN.dpuf |access-date=2023-01-17 |publisher=Kam 24 |language=ru}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2023, Kotun Yankin Kamchatka ta soke hukuncin kuma ta saki wadanda ake tuhuma daga tsare; an mayar da karar zuwa kotun shari'a don sake dubawa. Lauyan kare Irina Diachenko da tsohon darektan Kronotsky Peter Shpilenok sun kira wannan muhimmiyar mataki don maido da adalci.<ref name="rbc08022023">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Суд на Камчатке отменил приговор сотрудникам Кроноцкого заповедника |trans-title=Court in Kamchatka revokes conviction of Kronotsky Nature Reserve staff |url=https://www.rbc.ru/society/07/02/2023/63e1f5039a79470e9578e330 |access-date=2023-02-08 |publisher=RBC |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Surinskaya, Y. |date=2023-02-07 |title=Суд отменил приговор фигурантам дела о хищении в Кроноцком заповеднике |trans-title=Court cancels conviction of defendants in Kronotsky Nature Reserve theft case |url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/articles/2023/02/07/961981-sud-otmenil-prigovor-figurantam-dela-o-v-kronotskom-zapovednike |access-date=2023-02-08 |publisher=Vedomosti |language=ru}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3stqr6rs0v7410ekbad98skagmj0na1 0 174874 966061 947558 2026-10-11T06:01:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mordovski Nature Reserve (Russian) (kuma '''Mordovsky''') wani yanki ne na Rasha 'zapovednik' (tsarin yanayi) a arewacin Jamhuriyar Mordovia, a gefen dama na Kogin Moksha . Yana cikin yankin canji na gandun daji da tsaunuka. Ajiyar ta rufe kashi ɗaya cikin shida na Gundumar Temnikovsky ta Mordovia . <ref name="reservesite">{{Cite web |title=Mordovski Zapovednik (Official Site) |url=http://zapovednik-mordovia.ru/en/ |access-date=January 21, 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]] |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="zapsite">{{Cite web |title=Mordovski Zapovednik |url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/65/ |access-date=January 21, 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]] |language=ru}}</ref> An kafa shi a hukumance a 1935, kuma yana rufe jimlar yanki na {{Convert|32148|ha|sqmi}} hectare (124.12 sq . Sunan hukuma yana girmama Pyotr Smidovich, mai juyin juya halin Soviet da jami'in gwamnati wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa Mordovsky Reserve. == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin Mordovski Reserve yana nuna raguwar kankara na filin Kogin Moksha: belin yashi, terraces, moraines, da warwatse sinkholes (wasu daga cikinsu sun kai diamita na mita 30). Cibiyar sadarwar ƙananan koguna ce ta haye wurin ajiyar. Kogin Moksha, wani yanki na Kogin Oka, yana gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma tare da iyakar kudancin ajiyar. Kogin Satis yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu tare da iyakar arewa don saduwa da Moksha. A kudancin yankin shine canji zuwa yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka.<ref name="zapsite" /> == Yanayi da yankin == Mordovski yana cikin yankin gandun daji na Sarmatic. Wannan yankin yanki ne na gandun daji wanda ke gudana daga kudancin Norway, a fadin Rasha ta Turai zuwa Dutsen Ural. Yankin yana tsakanin gandun daji / taiga a arewa da kuma belin broadleaf a kudu. Yankin yana da gandun daji da aka haɗu da itacen oak (Quercus robur), Norway spruce (''Picea abies''), da pine (''Pinus sylvestris'') a wuraren da suka bushe.<ref name="eco1">{{Cite web |title=Sarmatic mixed forests |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/161161/ |access-date=January 24, 2016 |publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth}}</ref><ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web |title=Map of Ecoregions 2017 |url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Resolve, using WWF data |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin Mordovski yanayi ne mai zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi (Köppen climate classification [[Yanayi na Subarctic| (Dfb)]] ). Wannan yanayin yana da manyan sauye-sauye a cikin zafin jiki, a rana da kuma yanayi, tare da lokacin rani mai sauƙi da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottek |first=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web |title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications |url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 530 mm / shekara; matsakaicin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara shine 50-60 cm. &nbsp;&nbsp;Lokacin sanyi ba shi da kwanaki 120-135, daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. == Tsire-tsire da dabbobi == Rayuwar shuke-shuke na ajiyar galibi gandun daji ne (96.6%), duka gandun daji na pine da gandun daji mai gauraye (spruce, aspen, Basswood, black alder). Ƙasa mai yashi tana da kyau sosai ga pine. Yankin ambaliyar Kogin Moksha yana da al'ummomin itacen oak da alder. Yankunan ciyawa galibi filayen ambaliyar ruwa ne, ƙananan tsaunuka. Masana kimiyya don ajiyar sun rubuta nau'ikan tsire-tsire 788, 77 na moss, da 136 na lichens.<ref name="zapsite-flora">{{Cite web |title=Mordovski Zapovednik - Flora and Fauna |url=http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/biodiversity/65/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D0%9F%D0%93-%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0 |access-date=March 11, 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia)]] |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201234905/http://www.zapoved.ru/catalog/biodiversity/65/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D0%9F%D0%93-%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0 |archive-date=February 1, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da manyan wuraren da ke da ruwa da gandun daji, an san wurin ajiyar don nazarin kimiyya na kwari, wanda aka yi nazarin nau'in fiye da 1,500 a cikin iyakoki, kuma kayan ba su cika ba. Rayuwar dabbobi na ajiyar tana nuna wadatar wuraren da ke da ruwa musamman: ana samun nau'ikan kifi 32 (ciki har da tench, Northern pike, European perch, da Moderlieschen), da kuma nau'ikan amphibians 10 (newts, frogs, da toads, gami da toad mai wuta na Turai. Gidajen suna da nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke nuna yankuna daban-daban da ke haɗuwa a yankin: beyar launin ruwan kasa da moose na taiga na Turai, squirrels, moles da martens na gandun daji masu gauraye. Masana kimiyya a wurin ajiyar sun rubuta nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa 60. An rubuta nau'ikan tsuntsaye 216.<ref name="zapsite-flora" /> == Ecoeducation da samun dama == A matsayin tsananin ajiyar yanayi, yawancin ajiyar Mordovski an rufe shi ga jama'a, kodayake masana kimiyya da waɗanda ke da manufofin 'ilimin muhalli' na iya yin shirye-shirye tare da kula da wurin shakatawa don ziyara. Yankin yawon bude ido yana maraba, duk da haka, a kan hanyoyin "yawon shakatawa na muhalli" a cikin ajiyar. Ana iya samun izini ga waɗannan a gaba. Akwai gidan kayan gargajiya na jama'a da babban ofishi a ƙauyen Pushta . <ref name="reservesite" /> == Manazarta == 4txff5uby1io21760qoo5eovrgxuieh 0 175210 966070 961911 2026-10-11T07:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weather box}}<gallery class="center"> File:Breaks_Interstate_Park_sign.jpg File:Breaks_Canyon_Fall.jpg File:Breaks_Canyon;_February_2018.jpg File:Cliff_at_Breaks_Canyon.jpg File:Russell_Fork-_Breaks_Interstate_Park.jpg|A view of Russell Fork File:Breaks_Interstate_Park;_Russel_Fork;_February_2018.jpg|Russell Fork while flooded </gallery>{{Databox}} '''Breaks Interstate Park''', also known as "the Breaks," is a bi-state state park located partly in southeastern [[Kentucky]] and southwestern [[Virginia]] in the Jefferson National Forest, at the northeastern terminus of Pine Mountain. The land is managed by an interstate compact between the states of Virginia<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2013 |title=Virginia State Park Locations |url=http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state_parks/state_park.shtml |access-date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation}}</ref> and Kentucky.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://parks.ky.gov/parks/resortparks/breaks-interstate.aspx/default.aspx |access-date=September 24, 2013 |website=Breaks Interstate Park |publisher=Kentucky Department of Parks |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230337/http://parks.ky.gov/parks/resortparks/breaks-interstate.aspx/default.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is one of two interstate parks in the United States operated jointly under a compact rather than as two separate state park units.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2024}} The [[Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia|Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation]] and the Kentucky Department of Parks are still major partner organizations.  An kira Breaks Interstate Park "Grand Canyon of the South".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaks Interstate Park |url=https://dickensonva.org/312/Breaks-Interstate-Park |access-date=February 5, 2024 |publisher=Dickenson County Board of Supervisors |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205113443/https://dickensonva.org/312/Breaks-Interstate-Park |archive-date=February 5, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kogin Russell Fork da Clinchfield Railroad (yanzu CSX Transportation Kingsport Subdivision) dukansu suna wucewa ta ciki. Ana samun damar ta hanyar Virginia 80 da Kentucky 80 tsakanin Haysi, Virginia, da Elkhorn City, Kentucky, kuma yana wucewa ta hanyar al'ummar Breaks, Virginia, gabashin wurin shakatawa. == Tarihi == Wannan yanki a baya an rufe shi da babbar teku a cikin ƙasa kusan shekaru miliyan 180 da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History &#124; Breaks Park |url=http://www.breakspark.com/park-information-hours/our-history/ |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-date=2022-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121195021/http://www.breakspark.com/park-information-hours/our-history/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa, Russell Fork a hankali ya sassaka ta cikin dutse don samar da kwari masu ban mamaki. Ayyukan ɗan adam na farko sun ga yankin ya zama wurin farauta ga mutanen Shawnee da Cherokee. A shekara ta 1767, dan kasar Amurka Daniel Boone ya ratsa yankin neman sauƙin wucewa zuwa yamma ta hanyar Pine Mountain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=http://www.breakspark.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=5 |access-date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=Breaks Interstate Park Commission |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927105558/http://www.breakspark.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=5 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Boone daga baya ya ba yankin sunan sa na yanzu, The Breaks . An yi shirye-shirye don samar da wuraren kallon elk. An ga Elk a kusa da wurin shakatawa a 2023 a karo na farko tun daga shekarun 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Murry |date=2023-02-10 |title=Elk spotted in Breaks Interstate Park for first time in more than a century |url=https://www.wjhl.com/outdoors-appalachia/elk-spotted-in-breaks-interstate-park-for-first-time-in-more-than-a-century/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=WJHL {{!}} Tri-Cities News & Weather |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212052931/https://www.wjhl.com/outdoors-appalachia/elk-spotted-in-breaks-interstate-park-for-first-time-in-more-than-a-century/ |archive-date=2023-02-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Breaks Interstate Park yana kusa da kilomita 5 (8 gabashin Elkhorn City, [[Kentucky]]. Gidan shakatawa ya rufe kadada 4,500 (1,800 . Babban fasalin wurin shakatawa, Breaks Canyon, yana da tsawon mil biyar kuma yana daga 830 zuwa 1,600 feet (250 zuwa 490 zurfi. Kogin Russell Fork ne ya kafa kogin ta hanyar miliyoyin shekaru na [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]].<ref name="virginia">{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2012 |title=Breaks Interstate Park |url=http://www.virginia.org/Listings/OutdoorsAndSports/BreaksInterstatePark/ |access-date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=Virginia Tourism Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204922/http://www.virginia.org/Listings/OutdoorsAndSports/BreaksInterstatePark/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Yanayi === Yanayin yanayi a wannan yanki yana da zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi da kuma sanyi zuwa sanyi. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Birnin Elkhorn da ke kusa da shi yana da yanayi mai zafi, wanda aka taƙaita "Cfa" a kan taswirar yanayi. == Ayyuka == Gidan shakatawa yana ba da hanyoyin tafiya, da kamun kifi, jirgin ruwa, jirgin ruwa na ruwa, da keken ruwa a kan Tafkin Laurel, da kuma rafting na ruwa mai farin a kan Russell Fork . <ref name="todo">{{Cite web |title=Things to do |url=http://parks.ky.gov/parks/recreationparks/breaks-interstate/things_to_do.aspx |access-date=September 23, 2013 |website=Breaks Interstate Park |publisher=Kentucky Department of Parks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230334/http://parks.ky.gov/parks/recreationparks/breaks-interstate/things_to_do.aspx |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu hawan dutse sun haɗu da dutse mai kama da New River Gorge da ke kusa. Akwai masauki, gidaje, da kuma sansani.<ref name="todo" /> Gidan shakatawa yana da Cibiyar baƙi tare da nune-nunen a kan abubuwan tarihi da na halitta na yankin, cibiyar taro tare da gidan cin abinci, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amphitheater Music Events |url=http://www.breakspark.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=29&Itemid=32 |access-date=September 24, 2013 |publisher=Breaks Interstate Park Commission}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana samun damar kallon Elk ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na bas na yanayi na yankunan da aka gabatar da Rocky Mountain elk a matsayin maye gurbin tsohuwar tsohuwar tsohuwa ta Gabas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elk Tours |url=https://www.breakspark.com/elk-tours |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Breaks Interstate Park |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 9zmhagwnp6ww4ggdu5p6q0pyo6l38m5 0 175224 966011 948688 2026-10-10T23:26:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Culpeper Battlefields State Park wani wurin shakatawa ne na jihar a cikin Culpeper County, Virginia . Gwamna Glenn Yo ya ba da izinin halitta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2022 kuma an keɓe shi a hukumance a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2024. Yawancin shafuka sun riga sun sami kariya daga wasu kungiyoyin kiyaye ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Info & News |url=https://www.culpeperbattlefields.org/info-news |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=The Friends of Culpeper Battlefields |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Battlefield State Park Coming to Virginia! |url=https://www.battlefields.org/speak-out/culpeper-battlefields-state-park |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115023443/https://www.battlefields.org/speak-out/culpeper-battlefields-state-park |archive-date=2024-01-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shi ne wurin shakatawa na farko a cikin Culpeper County da yankin arewacin Virginia Piedmont. Gidan shakatawa yana da filayen yaƙi da yawa inda manyan alkawura suka faru a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka, tare da mayar da hankali kan filin yaƙi na Cedar Mountain, a kudancin Culpeper, da kuma filin yaƙi ya Brandy Station, wanda ke arewa maso gabashin garin. Bugu da kari, sassan fagen fama a Kelly's Ford da Rappahannock Station, da kuma Union winter quarters a kan Hansbrough's Ridge kusa da Stevensburg an haɗa su a cikin wurin shakatawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schemmer |first=Clint |date=2022-06-03 |title=Culpeper Battlefields State Park approved by Virginia General Assembly |url=https://starexponent.com/news/culpeper-battlefields-state-park-approved-by-virginia-general-assembly/article_c6cdde50-a45b-59e6-a3b1-67dba7688205.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Culpeper Star-Exponent |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Culpeper Battlefields State Park |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/culpeper-battlefields |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Culpeper_Battlefields_State_Park_Dedication,_Culpeper_-_6-8-24_-_043.jpg|left|thumb|Gwamna Glenn Yo a lokacin keɓewar wurin shakatawa a watan Yunin 2024]] Yanayin yankin Culpeper County tsakanin kogin Rapidan da Rappahannock ya sanya shi babban fifiko ga sojojin Tarayyar da Tarayyar. A yakin Cedar Mountain, wanda aka yi a ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 1862, sojojin Confederate a karkashin Maj. Janar Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson sun tura sojojin Union a karkashin Maj'ar Janar Nathaniel P. Banks suna ƙoƙarin kama hanyar jirgin kasa a Gordonsville. Yakin Brandy Station, wanda aka yi a ranar 9 ga Yuni, 1863, ya zo ne a farkon yakin Gettysburg kuma ya nuna yakin sojan doki mafi girma a Arewacin Amurka.<ref name=":0" /> Baya ga yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa da suka faru a Culpeper County, ƙasar tana cike da tarihin Afirka da 'yan asalin Amurka. Dubban bayi da suka tsere sun tsere daga Culpeper County a fadin Kogin Rappahannock a cikin ƙoƙari na samun 'yancinsu, tare da wasu da suka dawo don yin yaƙi a matsayin 'yanci.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Champion |first=Allison Brophy |title='A lot more stories to tell': Master planning is underway for Battlefields State Park |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/2022/11/07/planning-virginias-battlefields-state-park/8291930001/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayani == Gidan shakatawa a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi kadada 263 (106 , amma zai girma zuwa sama da kadada 2,200 (890 a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa ta hanyar jerin shirye-shiryen sayen daga American Battlefield Trust, Brandy Station Foundation da Cedar Mountain Battlefield zuwa [[Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia]].<ref name=":1" /> Kamar yadda Dokar Virginia ta buƙaci, babban shirin filin shakatawa na jihar a halin yanzu yana ci gaba. Shirye-shiryen kula da wurin shakatawa na jihar sun rufe duk bayanan wurin shakatawa, gami da muhimmancin, girman, wuraren kayan aiki, ababen more rayuwa, da farashin ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Park Master Plans |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/recreational-planning/masterplans |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3jsc2591u8wgssp0f1o3jk2wfezsurr 0 175238 966072 948711 2026-10-11T07:11:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hayfields State Park''' is a state park in Highland County, Virginia, near McDowell. The {{Convert|1,034|acre|km2}} park was dedicated by Governor Glenn Youngkin on October 20, 2025 as Virginia's 44th state park and the first state park in Highland County. The park is located between the Bullpasture and Jack Mountains and contains a diverse landscape of wooded mountain land and valley pastures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governor Glenn Youngkin Announces Opening of Hayfields State Park |url=https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2025/october/name-1065865-en.html |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=www.governor.virginia.gov |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251027130320/https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2025/october/name-1065865-en.html |archive-date=2025-10-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihi == Gidauniyar Virginia Outdoors ta sayi dukiyar a cikin 2017 don rage tasirin da aka tsara na Atlantic Coast Pipeline da ke tsallaka wuraren kiyayewa tara a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-23 |title=VOF to host fishing and painting events at Hayfields as planning process continues |url=https://www.vof.org/2019/05/23/vof-to-host-fishing-and-painting-events-at-hayfields-as-planning-process-continues/ |access-date=2025-12-12 |website=www.vof.org |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118020708/https://www.vof.org/2019/05/23/vof-to-host-fishing-and-painting-events-at-hayfields-as-planning-process-continues/ |archive-date=2026-01-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2023, an canja kadada 994 zuwa [[Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia]] don dalilan ƙirƙirar da gudanar da wurin shakatawa na jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Chris |date=2025-10-21 |title=Hayfields State Park marks formal grand opening |url=https://augustafreepress.com/news/hayfields-state-park-marks-formal-grand-opening-virginias-44th-state-park |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Augusta Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Sauran kadada 40 an canja su jim kadan kafin a bude wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation completes land acquisitions for future state park at Hayfields |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/press-release-detail?id=2025-09-18-07-46-12-664126-bat |access-date=2025-12-12 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa yana da mil huɗu na hanyoyin tafiya da keken keke masu sauƙi da kuma hanyar kamun kifi tare da Kogin Bullpasture . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagi |first=Randi B. |date=2025-11-24 |title=The winding road to Highland County's first state park |url=https://www.wmra.org/2025-11-24/the-winding-road-to-highland-countys-first-state-park |access-date=2025-12-12 |website=www.wmra.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa kuma ya ƙunshi gidan gona da ƙaramin gida inda likitan yankin ke yin magani a tsakiyar karni na 19. A halin yanzu wurin shakatawa yana aiki a ƙarƙashin iyakantaccen sa'o'i kuma ana ƙarfafa baƙi su kira gaba don tabbatar da cewa wurin shakatawa ya buɗe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hayfields State Park |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/hayfields#general_information |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov}}</ref> == Manazarta == stm8kdvyuzhb1k05tmxhbb2b3l0q0zb 0 175400 966102 949100 2026-10-11T08:34:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Agra]] Fort (''Qila Agra''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Red Fort na Agra''' (''Lal-Qila'') ko '''''Qila-i-Akbari''''' ("Akbar's Fort"), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort |url=http://www.tajmahal.gov.in/agrafort.aspx |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=www.tajmahal.gov.in}}</ref> wani sansanin tarihi ne a '''Ginin Agra''' a [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indiya .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/251 |access-date=14 September 2026 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> Wani ganuwar tubali a shafin, wanda aka lura tun farkon 1080 kuma daga baya aka sani da Badalgarh, an sake gina shi sosai a cikin jan sandstone ta [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] sarki Akbar daga 1565 zuwa 1573.<ref name="structures">{{Cite web |title=Lal Qil'a Agra |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/3850 |website=Archnet |publisher=MIT}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Archaeological Survey of India">{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort (1983), Uttar Pradesh – Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/pages/WorldHeritageAgraFort |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203060952/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_agrafort.asp |archive-date=3 December 2009 |access-date=19 May 2013}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban wurin zama na sarakunan Daular Mughal har zuwa 1638, lokacin da aka ƙaura babban birnin daga Agra zuwa Shahjahanabad a [[Delhi]]. Yawancin abubuwan da ke ciki na yanzu sun fito ne daga mulkin [[Shah Jahan]], wanda ya kara wasu manyan gidajen sarauta da masallatai na farin marmara a cikin sansanin bayan 1628. <ref name="structures" /><ref name="EnBrit">{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Agra-Fort |access-date=15 September 2026 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Marathas sune sarakunan Indiya na karshe da suka mamaye sansanin kafin Birtaniya ta kama shi a 1803. Ginin yana da tsari mai tsaka-tsaki, tare da gefen da ke fuskantar kogin Yamuna. Gine-ginen Mughal da suka tsira sun hada da Jahangiri Mahal, Khas Mahal, Diwan-i-Am, Diwan -i-Khas, Musamman Burj, Shish Mahal, Moti Masjid da manyan ƙofofinta guda biyu, Delhi Gate da Amar Singh Gate . <ref name="structures" /><ref name="database">{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort |url=http://cpreecenvis.nic.in/Database/AgraFort_5354.aspx |website=ENVIS/UNESCO}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, an rubuta sansanin a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]] saboda muhimmancinsa a lokacin mulkin Mughal. <ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort - World HeritageCentre |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/251 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717221242/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/251/ |archive-date=17 July 2010 |access-date=26 December 2019 |website=UNESCO.ORG}}</ref> Yana da kimanin kilomita 2.5 (1.6 arewa maso yammacin abin tunawa da 'yar'uwarta, [[Taj Mahal]] . Wani bangare mai yawa ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Sojojin Indiya kuma an rufe shi ga jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort State of Conservation (SOC 2011) |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/3165/ |access-date=15 September 2026 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin farko da lokacin Lodi === A cikin karni na 15, sansanin ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Chauhan Rajputs. Sikandar Khan Lodi, Sultan na Delhi kuma mai mulkin Daular Lodi, ya ƙaura babban birninsa daga Delhi zuwa Agra sannan ya mamaye kuma ya haɓaka sansanin da ke akwai, yana mai da Agra cibiyar gwamnatin Lodi. Ya mutu a can a shekara ta 1517.<ref name="Archaeological Survey of India" /> Ɗansa, Ibrahim Lodi, ya riƙe sansanin kusan shekaru tara har zuwa 1526, lokacin da aka ci shi kuma aka kashe shi a Yaƙin Farko na Panipat, kimanin kilomita 270 (170 arewacin Agra . <ref name="Archaeological Survey of India" /> === Nasarar Mughal da sake gina Akbar === An naɗa Humayun a matsayin magajin mahaifinsa a sansanin a shekara ta 1530. Sher Shah Suri, sarkin Sur na farko, ya ci shi a yakin Bilgram a shekara ta 1540, kuma sansanin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Sur har zuwa 1555, lokacin da Humayun ya sake kama shi. Humayun ya mutu a shekara mai zuwa kuma ɗansa mai shekaru goma sha uku, Akbar ya gaje shi. Janar na Adil Shah Suri, Hemu, ya sake kama Agra a shekara ta 1556 kuma ya bi gwamnan da ya gudu zuwa Delhi, inda Hemu ya ci Mughals a Yaƙin Tughlaqabad . Nasarar Hemu ba ta da tsawo; sojojin Akbar sun ci shi a Yaƙin Panipat na Biyu daga baya a wannan shekarar, inda suka dawo da ikon Mughal na Agra. Akbar ya sanya Agra babban birninta a shekara ta 1558 kuma ya zauna a cikin tsohon sansanin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namami Gange Newsletter |url=https://nmcg.nic.in/Newsletter/april-june/files/basic-html/page24.html |access-date=12 September 2026 |publisher=National Mission for Clean Ganga, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India |page=24}}</ref> Masanin tarihinsa Abul Fazl ya lura cewa ginin tubali na farko da aka sani da Badalgarh yana cikin lalacewa. A shekara ta 1565, Akbar ya ba da umarnin sake gina sansanin. Sabon sansanin, gami da fadarsa, an gina shi ne a cikin jan sandstone daga yankin Barauli na Dhaulpur, Rajasthan, tare da tubali da sandstone. An fara aikin ne a shekara ta 1565 kuma an kammala shi a shekara ta 1573, yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 4,000 a kowace rana na tsawon shekaru takwas. A shekara ta 1571, Akbar ya koma babban birnin daular zuwa Fatehpur Sikri, kimanin kilomita 35 (22 yammacin Agra, inda kakansa, Babur, ya kafa Bagh-i-Fath ("Garden of Victory"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=VII. South on the Jumna to Agra |url=https://asia.si.edu/research/essays/vii-south-on-the-jumna-to-agra/ |access-date=14 September 2026 |publisher=National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> An gina shi mafi yawa tsakanin 1571 da 1573, Fatehpur Sikri ya kasance babban birnin Mughal har sai Akbar ya koma babban birnin zuwa [[Lahore]] a shekara ta 1585.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatehpur Sikri |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/255 |access-date=14 September 2026 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> Yawancin fadar Akbar daga baya an maye gurbin su da gine-ginen marmara na Shah Jahan, amma gine-giginen da suka tsira daga mulkin Akbar sun haɗa da Delhi Gate, Amar Singh Gate, Akbari Mahal, da Jahangiri Mahal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agra Fort |url=https://www.nri.up.gov.in/article/en/agra-fort |access-date=12 September 2026 |website=Official Website of NRI Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh}}</ref> Yawancin bangarorin jan sandstone na waje na sansanin sun kasance daga sake gina Akbar. === Ci gaban fadar Shah Jahan === Ya kasance a lokacin mulkin jikan Akbar, [[Shah Jahan]], cewa shafin ya ɗauki halin da yake ciki yanzu. A cikin sansanin, Shah Jahan ya kara da wasu gine-ginen farin marmara, gami da Diwan-i-Am, Diwan- i-Khas, Khas Mahal, Moti Masjid, da Musamman Burj.<ref name="EnBrit" /> Shah Jahan ya kuma gina [[Taj Mahal]] da ke kusa da shi don tunawa da matarsa, [[Mumtaz Mahal]]; ba kamar kakansa ba, ya fi son gine-ginen da aka yi da farin marmara maimakon ja sandstone. A shekara ta 1638, Shah Jahan ya ƙaura babban birnin Mughal daga Agra zuwa sabon birnin da aka gina na Shahjahanabad a Delhi, yana kawo ƙarshen matsayin Agra a matsayin babban wurin zama na gwamnatin Mughal. === Aurangzeb da kuma daga baya zamanin Mughal === Lokacin da [[Shah Jahan]] ya yi rashin lafiya ba zato ba tsammani, yaƙin maye gurbin ya ɓarke tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza, inda Aurangzeb ya ci nasara. Aurangzeb zai ci gaba da sanya mahaifinsa a gidan yari a Musamman Burj na Agra Fort . <ref name="EnBrit" /> Shah Jahan ya kasance a tsare a can har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1666, ta hanyar labari da ya shafe shekarunsa na ƙarshe yana kallon Taj Mahal daga hasumiyar.<ref name="EnBrit" /> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1666, Shivaji ya zo Agra bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Purandar (1665) tare da Jai Singh I don saduwa da Aurangzeb a Diwan-i-Khas . An sanya shi da gangan a bayan maza masu karamin matsayi; an zagi shi, ya fita daga masu sauraro kuma an tsare shi a cikin gidan Jai Singh a cikin sansanin a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1666, daga inda ya tsere a ranar 19 ga Agusta 1666. Kamar yadda ikon Mughal ya raunana a farkon karni na sha takwas, Agra da sansanin ta sun zama masu saukin kamuwa da ikon waje; Sarkin [[Iran|Farisa]] [[Nader Shah]] na babban birnin Mughal a Delhi a cikin 1739, lokacin da aka kwace kursiyin Peacock da lu'u-lu'u na [[Koh-i-Noor]] daga Red Fort na Delhi, galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin alamar saurin ikon Mughal wanda ya kafa mataki don asarar Agra daga baya ga sarakunan yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadir Shah |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nadir-Shah |access-date=15 September 2026 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> === Lokacin Jat da Maratha === A shekara ta 1761, mai mulkin Jat Maharaja Suraj Mal na Bharatpur ya kewaye Agra Fort, sannan Mughal faujdar (gwamnan soja) Mirza Fazilka Khan ya gudanar. Bayan wani kewaye na tsawon wata, dakarun sun mika wuya a ranar 12 ga Yuni 1761 don musayar biyan kuɗi da tallafin ƙauyuka biyar, kuma Agra ya shiga cikin ikon Jat. Bayan nasarar da suka samu, Jats sun narke kofofin azurfa na sansanin kuma sun cire abubuwa masu daraja daga Taj Mahal zuwa babban birnin su a Deeg.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albertine Gaur |year=1991 |title=Review of The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=396–397 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00015184}}</ref> Ginin ya kasance a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Bharatpur na tsawon shekaru 13, ya wuce daga Suraj Mal zuwa ga magajinsa Jawahar Singh da Maharaja Ratan Singh; 'Ratan Singh ki Haveli' da aka gina a cikin sansanin a wannan lokacin yana da alaƙa da ƙarshen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Capture of Agra Fort (12 June 1761) |url=https://jatchiefs.com/capture-of-agra-fort-12-june-1761/ |access-date=15 September 2026 |website=Jat Chiefs}}</ref> A shekara ta 1774, kwamandan Mughal Mirza Najaf Khan ya sake kwace Agra don daular. A cikin 1752, Mughal [[Vizier|wazir]] (babban minista) Safdar Jang ya shiga yarjejeniyar tsaro tare da Marathas a madadin sarki, wanda Marathas suka yi alkawarin kare Daular Mughal daga abokan gaba na ciki da na waje, kuma za a nada Peshwa (firayim minista Maratha) gwamna na Agra, Mathura, Narnaul, da Ajmer. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maratha Predominance at Delhi |url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/38167.pdf |access-date=15 September 2026 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts}}</ref> Daular Maratha ta sha wahala sosai a Yaƙin Panipat na Uku da [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]] a watan Janairun shekara ta 1761, wanda ya dakatar da ci gaban Maratha a arewacin Indiya kuma ya lalata yankunansu a can kusan shekaru goma. {{Cite web |title=Third Battle of Panipat (1761) |url=https://panipat.gov.in/third-battle/ |access-date=15 September 2026 |publisher=District Panipat, Government of Haryana}}Daga 1771, duk da haka, Mahadaji Shinde ya sake kafa tasirin Maratha a yankin, yana raka Sarkin sarakuna Shah Alam II zuwa Delhi kuma yana yaƙi da Jats da Rohillas. Agra ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Maratha a shekara ta 1785, lokacin da sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin Mahadji Shinde suka kama sansanin bayan kewaye, wanda ya ƙare tare da mika wuya a ranar 27 ga Maris. === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] an5h6nguqhfffaxef6e7wyupm33mv27 0 175450 966081 949202 2026-10-11T07:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na Nechkinsky''' a ƙasar Russian muhimmiyar wurin ajiyar halittu da al'adu ce ta Udmurtia (Jamhuriyar Udmurt), wanda ke cikin tsakiyar kwarin Kogin Kama, Kogin Siva, da kuma yankin bakin teku na tafkin Votkinsk. Wannan ya sanya Nechkinsky a gefen yammacin tsakiyar Dutsen Ural. <ref name="parksite">{{Cite web |title=Official Site: Nechkinsky National Park |url=http://www.nechkinsky.ru/ |publisher=FGBU National Park Nechkinsky |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130021911/http://www.nechkinsky.ru/ |archive-date=2012-01-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yankin yafi yawan gandun daji ne da ambaliyar kogi, tare da wasu wuraren tarihi na dā a filin. Yana kusa da birnin Izhevsk . == Yanayin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa ya rufe kwarin da ke cikin gandun daji na kogin Siva, wanda ke da nasaba da Kama. Kwarin yana da zurfin mita 110-160 kuma yana da faɗin kilomita 3-20. &nbsp;Yana da asymmetrical, a cikin cewa gefen hagu yana da faɗi, kuma gefen dama yana da tudun dutse. Kogin Kama a wannan lokacin yana da fili mai faɗi, tare da yankunan kogi da yawa a matakan da suka fi girma.<ref name="zap1">{{Cite web |title=Nechkinsky National Park |url=http://www.rusnature.info/zap/076.htm |publisher=Protected Areas Russia}}</ref> == Yankin da yanayi == Yankin ecoregion na Nechkinsky shine gandun daji na Sarmatic (WWF ID#436). <ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web |title=Map of Ecoregions 2017 |url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Resolve, using WWF data |language=en}}</ref> Wannan yanki ne na ƙananan gandun daji, tabkuna da wuraren da ke gudana daga Tekun Baltic zuwa gabas zuwa Urals. Rufin gandun daji yawanci ya haɗu da conifer da itatuwa masu laushi, tare da manyan yankuna marasa karya a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga aikin gona. [[File:Красота_реки_Камы.JPG|left|thumb|250x250px|Kogin Kama, Nechkinsky]] Yanayin Nechkinsky yanayi ne mai zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi (Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). Wannan yanayin yana da manyan sauye-sauye a cikin zafin jiki, a rana da kuma yanayi, tare da lokacin rani mai sauƙi da sanyi, hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottek |first=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web |title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications |url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 10 F a watan Janairu zuwa 66 F a watan Yuli. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da inci 20.<ref name="clim">{{Cite web |title=Climate Data, Izhevsk |url=http://www.world-climates.com/city-climate-izhevsk-russia-europe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225165523/http://www.world-climates.com/city-climate-izhevsk-russia-europe/ |archive-date=2015-12-25 |access-date=2015-12-23 |publisher=world-climates.com}}</ref>{{Climate chart|Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia|-0.8|12.6|1.4|2.5|16.9|1|14.4|29.5|1.1|30.7|46.9|1.3|43.0|64.6|1.5|51.6|72.3|2.3|56.5|76.3|2.6|51.8|70.9|2.5|42.8|58.8|2.1|30.6|41.5|2|18.3|27.9|1.8|6.4|18.1|1.5}} == Shuke-shuke == Al'ummomin gandun daji sun haɗu da taiga, gandun daji da gandun daji. A kan ƙananan matakan akwai oligotrophic da mesotrophic bogs.<ref name="zap1" /> A cikin gullies da depressions akwai Siberian spruce da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa. A gefen hagu da dama na Kogin Siva akwai gandun daji na pine, tare da wasu wuraren da ke da azurfa da Siberian larch. A cikin ƙananan matakan da gandun daji ke rufe al'ummomin broadleaf (oak), tare da murfin birch da aspen.<ref name="parksite-landcsape">{{Cite web |title=Nechkinsky - Landscapes (in Russian) |url=http://www.nechkinsky.ru/florafauna.html |access-date=February 15, 2018 |publisher=Official site of National Park Nechkinsky |language=ru}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa ya rubuta nau'ikan tsire-tsire 712 na jijiyoyi, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 70% na nau'in da aka samu a Udmurtia.<ref name="parksite-landcsape" /> Yankunan ruwa na Siva sun hada da Kemulskoye bog (hectare dubu 2). <ref name="zap1" /> == Dabbobi == Ƙididdigar jinsuna a cikin wurin shakatawa a cikin 2002 ya rubuta dabbobi masu shayarwa 50, tsuntsaye 191, dabbobi masu rarrafe 5, dabbobi masu zaman kansu 8, kifi 37. An yi nazarin musamman na mollusks (nau'in 33), gizo-gizo (nau'i 120), beetles (nau'ikan 600), butterflies (nau'o'in 500) da dragonflies (n'o'i 25). <ref name="parksite-landcsape" /> Dabbobi masu ban mamaki sun haɗa da desman na Rasha mai rauni, babban kwayar ruwa wanda yayi kama da muskrat kuma yana ƙarƙashin kariya saboda tarihin tarkon gashinsa. <gallery widths="220"> File:Desmana_moschata_MHNT.INS.10.jpg| Russian desman; historically trapped for fur and now protected in Nechkinsky. (Vulnerable species) File:Red-breasted_Goose_(Branta_ruficollis)_RWD2.jpg| Red-breasted goose. (Endangered species) File:Acipenser_ruthenus_Prague_Vltava_1.jpg| Sterlet, a type of Eurasian sturgeon. (Vulnerable species) </gallery> == Tarihi == An tono wuraren zama na farko na mafarauta da masunta na dā (3rd - 2nd millennium KZ) a cikin wurin shakatawa.<ref name="parksite-history">{{Cite web |title=Nechkinsky - History (in Russian) |url=http://www.nechkinsky.ru/about |access-date=February 15, 2018 |publisher=Official site of National Park Nechkinsky |language=ru}}</ref> Shafukan archaeological na farko da za a iya ganowa sune ragowar ƙauyuka masu garu na Iron Age daga karni na farko KZ, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Al'adun Ananyino. Ananyino sun kasance mutanen Finno-Ugric na farko.<ref name="ironage">{{Cite journal |last=Perevozchikova |first=SA |last2=Chernykh |first2=EM |date=2015 |title=UST'-NECHKINSKIY FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS IN THE MIDDLE KAMA REGION DURING THE ANANYINO CULTURE (TOPOGRAPHY, LAYOUT, INVENTORY) |url=http://archaeologie.pro/2015-2_papers_sub5.html |journal=The Volga Region Archaeology Scientific Journal |access-date=22 Dec 2015}}</ref> == Yawon shakatawa == Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ilimi da aka haɓaka a kan jigogi na muhalli na wani mazaunin ko nau'in yanayin ƙasa; ma'aikatan wurin shakatawa suna samuwa a matsayin jagora a kan waɗannan hanyoyin.<ref name="parksite-ecology">{{Cite web |title=Nechkinsky - Tourist Routes (in Russian) |url=http://www.nechkinsky.ru/pmar.html |access-date=February 15, 2018 |publisher=Official site of National Park Nechkinsky |language=ru}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa yana da hanyar tafiya mai tsawo (Hanyar yawon shakatawa "Dear Ancestors", 25 km) wanda ke da wuraren hutawa huɗu a kan hanyar, wuraren kallo guda biyu don ra'ayoyin tafkin, da kuma hanyoyin da manoma suka yi amfani da su a zamanin da suka gabata. &nbsp;Akwai wurare biyu don wanka a cikin Kogin Kama. Har ila yau, akwai hanyoyi biyu na kankara da hanyoyi biyar na mota (wanda dole ne a sami rubuce-rubuce daga ofishin kula da gandun daji). == Manazarta == dit8zoi6wfkdt8ew48e1t9po0nfe5ym 0 175523 966110 949332 2026-10-11T09:24:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Strathfarrar''' wani yanki ne [[Glen|na Glen]] a yankin [[Highland (yanki na majalisa)|Highland]] na [[Scotland]], kusa da Loch Ness. Glen wani ɓangare ne na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ta Affric-Beauly, tare da madatsar ruwa a Loch Monar da kuma tashar 9&nbsp;ramin kilomita yana ɗauke da ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Deanie; madatsar ruwa ta biyu da ke ƙasa da Loch Beannacharan tana ciyar da ramin da ke ɗauke da ruwa zuwa tashar wutar lantarki ta Culligran (kuma a ƙarƙashin ƙasa). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Power From the Glens |url=http://www.scottish-southern.co.uk/sseinternet/assets/569CABFE-1165-4ED8-9419-CF3B5A64BC98.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018233304/http://www.scottish-southern.co.uk/sseinternet/assets/569CABFE-1165-4ED8-9419-CF3B5A64BC98.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-18 |access-date=2008-03-08 |publisher=[[Scottish and Southern Energy]] |page=12 |format=PDF}}</ref> Madatsar ruwan Monar da ke Loch Monar ita ce madatsar ruwan da ta fi girma a Birtaniya. <ref name="smg">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Glen Strathfarrar - Beautiful and Unspoiled |url=http://www.glenaffric.info/glen-strathfarrar.html |access-date=2018-03-09 |publisher=Strathglass Marketing |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010003/http://www.glenaffric.info/glen-strathfarrar.html |archive-date=2018-03-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sashen tsakiyar Glen Strathfarrar (wanda ya ƙunshi {{Convert|4027|ha}}ha <ref name="area">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-20 |title=National Scenic Areas - Maps |url=http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/Countryside/Heritage/Areas/maps |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140337/http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/Countryside/Heritage/Areas/maps |archive-date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2018-01-24 |publisher=SNH}}</ref> ) an sanya shi a matsayin yanki mai kyau na ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Strathfarrar National Scenic Area |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/9127 |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan yankuna arba'in a Scotland, waɗanda aka ayyana su don gano wuraren da ke da kyawawan wurare da kuma tabbatar kariya daga ci gaba mara kyau. <ref name="nsa">{{Cite web |title=National Scenic Areas |url=https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/national-designations/national-scenic-areas |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> Yankin da NSA ta mamaye yana wakiltar ɓangaren glen da tsarin wutar lantarki bai taɓa shafa ba, kuma ya haɗa da '''magudanar ruwan Culligran''' . <ref name="qualities">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas |url=https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2017-07/Publication%202010%20-%20SNH%20Commissioned%20Report%20374%20-%20The%20Special%20Qualities%20of%20the%20National%20Scenic%20Areas.pdf |access-date=2018-03-06 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == An sanya wa Glen Strathfarrar suna ne saboda '''Kogin Farrar''', wanda aka rubuta a zamanin Romawa a matsayin ''Varrar'' . <ref name="smg" /> Sunan ya fito ne daga ''*h2uer'', "ruwa mai gudana" (duba ''-wery-'' element a cikin Tryweryn ). Wasu kalmomin sun haɗa da wani sinadari na Tsohon Pictish ''*var'', wanda a bayyane yake ma'anarsa "iska", <ref name="smg" /> ''varius'' na [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] tare da ma'anar "kogin lanƙwasa", <ref name="cpns" /> da kuma Tsohon Celtic ''*vo-arar'' ma'ana "kogi mai laushi". Wasu hasashe sun haɗa ''Farrar'' da wani kogi a Faransa ta zamani wanda aka sani da Latin ''Arar'', wanda ake zargin yana da alaƙa da Welsh, ''araf'' ma'ana "sauri". <ref name="cpns" /> Cikakken sunan wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa na 'Gaelicisation' na Gaelic : kamar yadda strath yake da dogon glen, taken 'Glen Strath' yana da alaƙa da tautological, kuma saboda haka yana yiwuwa mai magana da Ingilishi kawai, wanda bai san ma'anar 'Strath' ba lokacin da yake rubuta taswirar wurin, ya rubuta cewa wannan shine 'Glen na Strathfarrar'. == Yanayin ƙasa == Kogin Farrar an kafa shi yayin da ruwan Uisge Misgeach da Garbh-uisge suka haɗu a kusa da 2.&nbsp;km bayan fitowar ta ƙarshe Loch Monar . <ref name="maps">Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 scale Landranger map sheets 25 ''Glen Carron'' and 26 ''Inverness''</ref> Daga nan kogin ya kama hanyar shiga ta cikin ƙasa mai faɗi ta gefen dutse, <ref name="qualities" /> yana tafiya gabas ta cikin lochs guda biyu, Loch a' Mhuillidh da Loch Beannacharan, wanda aka toshe a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin wutar lantarki na Affric-Beauly . Daga nan kogin ya ci gaba da gabas, yana ratsawa ta magudanar ruwa ta Culligran, kafin ya haɗu da ruwan Kogin Glass don samar da Kogin Beauly a ƙarƙashin gadar Struy kusa da ƙauyen Struy . Akwai tsaunuka da dama a kowane gefen dutse, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna da farin jini ga masu tafiya a ƙasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Munros na Sgùrr a' Choire Ghlais, [[Sgurr Fhuar-thuill]], [[Càrn nan Gobhar (Strathfarrar)|Càrn nan Gobhar]] da [[Sgurr na Ruaidhe]] a arewa, da [[Sgùrr a Lapaich|Sgùrr na Lapaich]], wani [[Càrn nan Gobhar (Mullardoch)|Càrn nan Gobhar]], [[An Ryabhachan|An Riabhachan]] da An Socach zuwa kudu. Hakanan akwai Corbetts guda biyu - [[Beinn a' Bhathaich Àrd|Beinn a' Bha'ach Ard]] da [[Sgorr a cikin Dìollaid|Sgorr na Dìollaid]] . == Gadon halitta == [[File:River_Farrar_at_Struy_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1006861.jpg|thumb| Kogin Farrar a Struy]] Glen Strathfarrar ya ƙunshi yankuna da dama na [[Dajin Caledonia|Dajin Caledonian]], <ref name="pinewood">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-24 |title=Caledonian Pinewood Inventory |url=https://data.gov.uk/dataset/caledonian-pinewood-inventory |access-date=2018-02-28 |publisher=Forestry Commission Scotland}}</ref> sunan da aka ba ragowar tsohon dajin Scotland mai yanayin zafi wanda ya ƙunshi bishiyoyin pine na Scotland waɗanda suka fara mamaye yankin bayan Zamanin Kankara na ƙarshe shekaru 8-10,000 da suka wuce, kuma wanda ke samar da matsuguni mai mahimmanci ga nau'ikan halittu kamar capercaillie, crested tit da kuma crossbill na Scotland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=The Caledonian Forest |url=https://treesforlife.org.uk/forest/ |access-date=2018-03-09 |publisher=Trees for Life}}</ref> Tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, haƙo katako na kasuwanci (musamman a lokacin yaƙin duniya guda biyu) da kuma matsugunan mutane sun taimaka wajen haifar da mummunan lalacewar dazuzzukan. <ref name="smg" /> Baya ga itacen pine, akwai yankunan birch, da kuma ƙarin wuraren buɗaɗɗen ciyawa kamar su heather, bracken da ciyawa. <ref name="qualities" /> An san barewa ja, <ref name="qualities" /> dawakai, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strathglass Complex SAC |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/8385 |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> da gaggafa masu launin zinare <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric to Strathconon SPA |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/10233 |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> duk suna zaune a yankin, wanda kuma ke ɗauke da nau'ikan dodo da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Strathfarrar SSSI |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/723 |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> An naɗa Glen Strathfarrar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yankin Kariya na Musamman da kuma Yankin Kare Kariya na Musamman a ƙarƙashin shirin Natura 2000, haka kuma an naɗa shi a matsayin Wurin Sha'awar Kimiyya ta Musamman (SSSI). <ref name="sitelink">{{Cite web |title=Sitelink - Map Search |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/map |access-date=2 October 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> Kwamitin Ramsay ya gabatar da shawarar sanya glen, tare da maƙwabtan Glen Affric da Glen Cannich, a cikin wani wurin shakatawa na ƙasa a shekarar 1945, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Unfinished Business a national parks strategy for scotland |url=http://www.scnp.org.uk/News/Docs/2013/Unfinished-Business-a-national-parks-strategy-for-scotland.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909034924/http://scnp.org.uk/News/Docs/2013/Unfinished-Business-a-national-parks-strategy-for-scotland.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2016 |access-date=2018-03-17 |publisher=Scottish Campaign for National Parks}}</ref> amma ba a aiwatar da wannan aiki ba har zuwa shekarar 2020. == Tarihi == A lokacin dokokin Penal, Gaels na Glen Strathfarrar wanda ke cikin Cocin Katolika na haramtacciyar coci a Scotland ya halarci wani " Gidan Mass " na ɓoye. Tsakanin 1735 da 1746, firistoci uku na Katolika na Roman Katolika na Society of Jesus sun yi hidimar fasto daga wani kogo mai dutse da ke zaune a Glen Cannich; Frs. Charles da John Farquharson da kuma shahidin Katolika na gaba Fr. Alexander Cameron. Misali, da jin labarin izinin Glen Cannich na 1830 da Mrs William Chisholm na Chisholm ta ba da umarnin a samar wa makiyayan Lowland hanya, Thomas Fraser, Lord Lovat na 12 ya ba wa duk tsoffin masu haya nata sharuɗɗa masu kyau don su sake zama a gidansa da ke Strathfarrar. Duk da cewa hakan na nufin ƙaura da masu hayarsa daga Glen, an karɓi tayin Lord Lovat kuma sabbin hayar tsohon mai haya Glen Cannich ta fara ne a ranar Whitsunday, 1831. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa da ta Affric-Beauly bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya haifar da ƙarin raguwar yawan jama'a a Strathfarrar, inda gine-gine biyu kacal (gidan mai kula da gidaje a Monar da Pait Lodge) suka tsira daga ambaliyar ruwan Loch Monar. <ref name="smg" /> == Samun dama == [[File:Gated_entrance_to_Glen_Strathfarrar_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1534520.jpg|thumb| Ƙofar da aka kulle]] Hanyar da ke kan titin glen sirri ce, kuma tsarin ƙofar da aka kulle yana aiki inda dole ne a nemi izinin shiga motoci a ƙofar shiga. An yarda da adadin motoci a kowace rana. Lokutan shiga sun bambanta, bisa ga wata, tsakanin ƙarfe 9 na safe zuwa 8 na dare. A lokacin hunturu hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya shiga ita ce tuntuɓar Mountaineering Scotland wanda zai ba da lambar tsaro don ƙofar. <ref name="mcofs">{{Cite web |title=Strathfarrar Access Arrangements |url=https://www.mountaineering.scot/campaigns/safeguarding-access/strathfarrar-access |access-date=17 March 2018 |publisher=[[Mountaineering Scotland]]}}</ref> Rashin motoci a cikin glen yana taimakawa wajen samun kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, musamman ma a saman glen zuwa Loch Monar. Kamar yadda yake a duk faɗin ƙasar Scotland, akwai [[Ƴancin yawo|haƙƙin shiga]] mafi yawan filayen da ke cikin ƙasar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Scottish Outdoor Access Code |url=https://www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot/sites/default/files/2018-05/Publication%202005%20-%20Scottish%20Outdoor%20Access%20Code.pdf |access-date=2 October 2020 |website=www.outdooraccess-scotland.scot |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> kuma babu wani takunkumi kan shiga ta gefen ƙasar ta ƙafa, kekuna ko wasu ababen hawa marasa matuƙi. <ref name="mcofs" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1n5ecobcphvr5zjvbttgaicvjx7r52r 0 175526 966105 961956 2026-10-11T09:14:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Affric''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Forestry Commission 2013 |url=https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Forestry.pdf |access-date=1 March 2019 |publisher=Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba}}</ref> wani [[Glen|yanki]] ne da ke kudu maso yammacin ƙauyen Cannich a yankin [[Highland (yanki na majalisa)|Highland]] na [[Scotland]], kimanin {{Convert|15|mi|km}} yamma da Loch Ness . Kogin Affric yana tafiya tare da tsawonsa, yana wucewa ta Loch Affric da Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin. Wata ƙaramar hanyar jama'a ta isa har zuwa ƙarshen Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin, amma bayan wannan lokacin sai kawai hanyoyin da ba su da kyau da hanyoyin tafiya a ƙasa suna ci gaba da tafiya a gefen hanya. Glen Affric, wanda galibi ake kwatanta shi da mafi kyawun [[glen]] a Scotland, ya ƙunshi yanki na uku mafi girma na tsoffin [[Dajin Caledonia|bishiyoyin pine na Caledonian]] a Scotland, da kuma [[Loch|lochs]], [[Ƙasar Moorland|moorland]] da tsaunuka. <ref name="qualities">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas |url=https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2017-07/Publication%202010%20-%20SNH%20Commissioned%20Report%20374%20-%20The%20Special%20Qualities%20of%20the%20National%20Scenic%20Areas.pdf |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> Yankin yana cikin gandun [[Dajin Caledonia|daji na Caledonian]], <ref name="pinewood">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2016 |title=Caledonian Pinewood Inventory |url=https://data.gov.uk/dataset/caledonian-pinewood-inventory |access-date=28 February 2018 |publisher=Forestry Commission Scotland}}</ref> yanki ne mai ban sha'awa na ƙasa da kuma wurin adana namun daji na ƙasa, haka kuma yana da wasu wurare da dama da ake kira da wuraren kiyaye namun daji.<ref name="sitelink">{{Cite web |title=Sitelink – Map Search |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/map |access-date=16 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> Dazuzzuka da wuraren da aka buɗe na glen, da kuma tsaunukan da ke gefe biyu, wuri ne da masu yawon buɗe ido, masu hawa dutse da masu keken hawa ke sha'awa. == Tsirrai da dabbobi == [[File:Glen_affric_loch_affric.jpg|left|thumb| Duba kan titin Glen Afric]] An saka Glen Affric a cikin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Pinewood na Caledonian, <ref name="pinewood" /> kuma ya ƙunshi yanki na uku mafi girma na [[Dajin Caledonia|tsoffin bishiyoyin Pine na Caledonian]] a Scotland. <ref name="qualities" /> Saboda muhimmancin wannan dajin, an sanya shi a matsayin wurin adana namun daji na ƙasa tun daga shekarar 2002, kuma yana da wasu wurare da dama da aka keɓe don kiyayewa. <ref name="sitelink" /> Itacen pine ya ƙunshi galibin pine na Scots, amma kuma ya haɗa da nau'ikan bishiyoyi masu faɗi kamar birch, rowan, aspen, willows da alder . Dajin yana ɗauke da nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda galibi ake samu a cikin dazuzzukan Pine na Scotland, gami da tresses na mata masu rarrafe, ƙananan twayblade, twinflower, da nau'ikan hunturu-kore guda huɗu. Nau'o'in lichen da yawa da ba kasafai ake samun su a ƙasa ba ko kuma waɗanda ba su da yawa suna girma a kan bishiyoyin Glen Affric. <ref name="citation">{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric SSSI Citation |url=https://apps.snh.gov.uk/sitelink-api/v1/sites/697/documents/1 |access-date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231238/https://apps.snh.gov.uk/sitelink-api/v1/sites/697/documents/1 |archive-date=4 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bishiyoyin pine na Scotland sun fara mamaye yankin ne bayan zamanin kankara na ƙarshe, shekaru 10,000 zuwa 8,000 da suka wuce. Binciken ƙurar ƙasa ya nuna farfaɗowar dajin fen a Camban daga tsakiyar ƙarni na farko, wanda ke nuna raguwar matsin lamba a kiwo a yammacin Glen Affric a farkon ƙarni na farko. A halin yanzu, tsoffin bishiyoyi a yankin sune bishiyoyin "kaka" masu ƙyalli waɗanda suka tsira daga sarewa daga tsararraki da yawa. Duk da cewa an daina sare bishiyoyi shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, sake girma ya samu cikas sakamakon yawan tumaki da barewa da ba su da kyau, kuma a farkon shekarun 1950, Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji ta gano cewa kaɗan ne daga cikin sauran bishiyoyin Pine da suka rage ba su kai shekaru 100 ba. <ref name="nnr-ages">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2014 |title=Glen Affric – Wood of Ages |url=http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/nature-and-culture/the-wood-of-ages/ |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307150916/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/nature-and-culture/the-wood-of-ages/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Da farko, Hukumar, wacce aka ɗora wa alhakin ƙara yawan rufin bishiyoyi ba tare da la'akari da nau'in da aka yi amfani da shi ba, ta sake dasa dazuzzuka a yankin da nau'ikan da ba na asali ba kamar Sitka spruce da lodgepole pine, da kuma Scots pine daga ribar iri na gida. Tun daga shekarun 1980, fifikon da ake da shi a fannin gudanarwa ya canza, kuma an yanke kuma an cire bishiyoyin conifers da ba na asali ba daga glen, tare da cire wasu bishiyoyin da ba na asali ba kamar rhododendron . Ana ci gaba da wasu ayyukan gandun daji na kasuwanci domin kiyaye gandun daji da kuma amfanar da mutanen yankin ta hanyar kuɗi, kuma ana sa ran za a ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin dajin a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. <ref name="LMP">{{Cite web |date=July 2019 |title=Glen Affric Land Management Plan Vision and Summary |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/images/corporate/design-plans/irs/glen-affric/Glen-Affric-LMP-summary.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103101308/https://forestryandland.gov.scot/images/corporate/design-plans/irs/glen-affric/Glen-Affric-LMP-summary.pdf |archive-date=3 January 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |publisher=Forestry and Land Scotland}}</ref> <ref name="nnr-native">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2014 |title=Glen Affric – Return of the native |url=http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/management/return-of-the-native/ |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307150959/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/management/return-of-the-native/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Forestry and Land Scotland|Ƙungiyar gandun daji da ƙasa ta Scotland]] (wadda ta maye gurbin Hukumar gandun daji ) tana da nufin ƙarfafa sake girma da itacen pine ta hanyar rage yawan barewa, don haka rage amfani da shinge, wanda zai iya cutar da baƙar fata grouse da capercaillie waɗanda suka yi karo da wayoyi. <ref name="diversity">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2014 |title=Glen Affric – Managing for diversity |url=http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/management/managing-for-diversity/ |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022943/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glen-affric/management/managing-for-diversity/ |archive-date=7 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufar dogon lokaci ita ce samar da hanyar sadarwa ta wuraren zama na dazuzzuka, tare da hanyoyin sabbin dazuzzuka da ke haɗa dazuzzukan da ke akwai, waɗanda ke haɗe da wuraren buɗe ido. Gudanar da wurin ajiyar yana kuma neman kafa 'yankin canjin bishiyoyi', wanda a ciki akwai sauyi a hankali tsakanin dazuzzuka da tsaunuka tare da matsakaicin yanki na bishiyoyi masu gajeru, masu karkace da kuma bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin girma. <ref name="nnr-native" /> A ƙarshen yammacin glen, National Trust for Scotland tana da niyyar ƙarfafa haɓakar wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi kamar birch da rowan don ƙara wa itacen pine ƙasa da glen. <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Affric Estate |url=https://www.nts.org.uk/visit/places/west-affric |access-date=6 March 2018 |publisher=National Trust for Scotland}}</ref> Ƙungiyar agaji ta [[Trees for Life (Scotland)|Trees for Life]] ta kuma yi shuka sosai a Glen Affric, a yankunan da barewa ke kiwo a da. Suna da wani gida a Athnamulloch, kusa da Loch Affric, wanda ake amfani da shi don ɗaukar masu aikin sa kai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2019 |title=Planting a vision |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/27/planting-a-vision-why-the-secret-to-rewilding-success-is-about-people-not-trees-aoe |access-date=17 December 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Bayan kusan shekaru saba'in na gudanarwa don ƙarfafa maido da yankin, bambancin halittu ya inganta kuma Glen Affric yanzu yana tallafawa tsuntsaye kamar black grouse, capercaillie, crested tit da Scottish crossbill, da kuma nau'ikan raptor kamar ospreys da golden eagle . Glen Affric kuma gida ne ga kuliyoyi da damisa na Scotland. Dazuzzuka da wuraren da ke cikin glen suna samar da wurin zama ga nau'ikan dodon ruwa da yawa, gami da Emerald mai haske mai ban mamaki. <ref name="nnr-ages" /> <ref name="citation" /> <ref name="sac">{{Cite web |title=Strathglass Complex SAC |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/8385 |access-date=16 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2025, an saki wani iyali mai dabbobin beavers guda biyar da kuma dabbobin beaver guda biyu a wurare biyu da ke Loch Beinn a'Mheadhoin. An ƙaura da dabbobin beavers daga mutanen da ke zaune a Tayside, kuma an gabatar da su ne da nufin kafa al'umma mai 'yanci a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillip Murray |date=27 October 2025 |title=Beavers return to Glen Affric following release at Loch Beinn a’Mheadhoin by Forestry and Land Scotland (FLS), Trees for Life and Beaver Trust |url=https://www.ross-shirejournal.co.uk/news/beavers-return-to-glen-affric-following-release-417730/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |publisher=Ross-shire Journal}}</ref> An sake fitar da wasu dabbobin beavers guda huɗu a watan Fabrairun 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beth Templeton |date=26 February 2026 |title=Beavers returned to Highland glen 400 years after extinction |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/25889398.beavers-released-highland-wildlife-success-four-centuries-extinction/ |access-date=26 February 2026 |publisher=The National}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, wani bishiyar almond a Glen Affric, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da " Ƙarshen Gabar Afirka " an sanya masa suna Itacen Shekara na Scotland ta Woodland Trust . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2019 |title=The 'Last Ent of Affric' is Scotland's Tree of the Year 2019 |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/blog/tree-of-the-year |access-date=5 December 2019 |publisher=Forestry and Land Scotland}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Lady_Glen_Affric,_nee_Fanny_Spencer-Churchill.jpg|thumb| 1876—Lady Glen Affric (Fanny, Baroness Tweedmouth) ta mutu a shekara ta 1904 a Glen Affric Lodge a yankin da aka haifi Golden Retriever, Crocus <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 1904 |title=DEATH OF LADY TWEEDMOUTH Lady Tweedmouth died last night at Lord Tweedmouth's shooting lodge in Strathglass, Inverness-shire. |url=http://www.genesreunited.co.uk/searchbna/results?memberlastsubclass=none&searchhistorykey=0&keywords=lady%20tweedmouth%20glen%20affric%20lodge%20shooting&from=1875&to=1949 |access-date=13 January 2014 |publisher=Edinburgh Evening News Midlothian, Scotland |quote=DEATH OF LADY TWEEDMOUTH Lady Tweedmouth died last night at Lord Tweedmouth's [Glen Affric] shooting lodge in Strathglass, Inverness-shire. Lady Fanny Occavia Louisa Spencer-Churchill was married to Lord Tweedmouth in 1873. She was the third daughter of the seventh Duke of.....}}</ref>]] Glen Affric, wanda aka rubuta shi da Glenaffric, <ref name="tartanregister.gov.uk">{{Cite web |title=Scottish Register of Tartans – Glenaffric Fragment |url=https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/tartanDetails.aspx?ref=1402 |access-date=23 July 2016 |publisher=The Scottish Government – National Records of Scotland, H.M. General Register House}}</ref> wani ɓangare ne na ƙasashen Clan Chisholm da Clan Fraser na Lovat daga ƙarni na 15 zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na 19. A farkon ƙarni na 15, Lord Lovat ya miƙa ƙasar ga ɗansa Thomas wanda shi ma ya miƙa ta ga ɗansa, William, wanda aka rubuta a cikin littafin ''Burke's Landed Gentry Scotland'' a matsayin William Fraser, Laird na farko na Guisachan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burke's Landed Gentry Scotland |url=http://www.burkespeerage.com/search_results.php?results=1 |access-date=13 August 2014 |publisher=Burke’s Peerage}}</ref> A shekara ta 1579, an daure Thomas Chisholm, Laird na Strathglass, saboda kasancewarsa Katolika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady and St Bean's Church, Marydale – Strathglass 'Pestered With Popery' & Knockfin |url=http://www.stmarysbeauly.org/-history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220060842/http://www.stmarysbeauly.org/-history.html |archive-date=20 December 2015 |access-date=26 January 2014 |publisher=Parish of St Mary, Beauly}}</ref> A ƙarni na 18, takardun mallakar Glen Affric sun zama tushen jayayya, inda aka yi Yaƙin Glen Affric a shekarar 1721. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macrae |first=A. |date=1976 |title=History of the Clan Macrae |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ydRrAAAAMAAJ&q=title++deeds++for++affric |access-date=20 November 2018 |publisher=Gateway Press |page=93 |quote=..... Duncan had valuable papers on his person at the time, and among them the title deeds of Affric.}}</ref> Dudley Marjoribanks, daga baya Lord Tweedmouth, ɗan majalisar Liberal ne mai kuɗi wanda ya ɗauki dogon lokaci yana da haƙƙin harbi a kan yawancin Glen Affric a 1846, kuma, a 1856, ya mallaki Glen Affric Estate daga "Laird Fraser" wanda iyalinsa suka gina ainihin gidan Guisachan Georgian a kusa da 1755. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric Map Guide |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/images/pdf/rec_pdfs/glenaffricmapguide.pdf |access-date=1 September 2019 |publisher=Forestry Commission Scotland |pages=2 |quote=Lord Tweedmouth, a rich brewer and Liberal Member of Parliament bought this area from Laird Fraser in 1856... |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930214120/https://forestryandland.gov.scot/images/pdf/rec_pdfs/glenaffricmapguide.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=1987 |title=Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume 54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izEtAAAAIAAJ&q=Glen+Affric++Estate++Lord++Tweedmouth++bought |access-date=1 September 2018 |publisher=Inverness Gaelic Society – 1987 |quote=.. (he) first rented and then, as Lord Tweedmouth, bought Guisachan and the whole of Knockfin and Glenaffric.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=Bob |date=February 2013 |title=Glen Affric Weekend, 9–10th June 2012 |url=https://www.glasgownaturalhistory.org.uk/newsletter/GNHS%20Newsletter%201%20Feb%202013.pdf |journal=Glasgow Natural History Society Newsletter |page=6 |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref> Gidan ya mallaki sama da {{Convert|32,000|acres|ha}} a lokacin da aka mayar da shi daga Clan Chisholm zuwa Lord Tweedmouth. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric |url=https://forestryandland.gov.scot/visit/glen-affric |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830004319/https://forestryandland.gov.scot/visit/glen-affric |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=30 August 2019 |publisher=2019 Forestry and Land Scotland |quote=Sir Dudley Coutts Marjoribanks, the first Lord Tweedmouth, was a rich Liberal MP who took a long lease on shooting rights over much of Glen Affric in 1846, paying £3,000 per year for the privilege: about £130,000 in today's money}}</ref> A shekarun 1860, Lord Tweedmouth, a matsayin sabon ma'aikacin gidan, ya faɗaɗa gidan sosai, <ref name="DSA">{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=DSA Building/Design Report – Guisachan House |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=213774 |access-date=28 August 2013 |publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects}}</ref> ta amfani da mai ginin gine-gine na Scotland Alexander Reid, wanda ya tsara gine-gine da yawa a babban gidan Glen Affric na Tweedmouth, gami da ƙauye gaba ɗaya— Tomich —da kuma Glen Affric Hunting Lodge, <ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=DSA Building/Design Report – Glen Affric Lodge – (1860-c1871) Architects – A & W Reid |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=231251 |access-date=24 June 2019 |publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects}}</ref> wanda aka kwatanta a cikin kamanninsa a matsayin "mai kama da gidan sarauta" . Tweedmouth ya kasance yana da ikon harbi a kan yawancin Glen Affric tun daga 1846, kuma, bayan ya sayi kadarorin, ya fara nau'in farko na masu ɗaukar zinare a gidajen kekunan kusa da Guisachan House. Ya yi amfani da na'urorin daukar hoto sosai a wuraren da ake harbin mutane lokacin da yake Glen Affric Lodge. An aika da kayan da aka dawo da su zuwa wasu gidaje lokacin da, na tsawon wasu watanni na shekarun 1870-71, ya ba da hayar Glen Affric Estate ga Lord Grosvenor. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2012 |title=Highlands' own little piece of Eden |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/highlands-own-little-piece-of-eden-1-2043319 |access-date=26 January 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Strathglass">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Strathglass |url=http://www.glenaffric.info/strathglass.html |access-date=26 January 2016 |website=Strathglass Marketing |publisher=Strathglass Marketing Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816234321/http://glenaffric.info/strathglass.html |archive-date=16 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morphet |first=M. N. |date=2011 |title=Golden Retrievers ~ Research Into the First Century in the Show Ring |url=http://goldenretrieversthefirstcentury.com/Assets/book/Section%2002_Breed%20Development_%20Part%20%20A%20(3).pdf |access-date=17 July 2017 |publisher=Tweedsmouth Publishing |pages=62–3}}</ref> A shekarar 1894, Edward Marjoribanks, Baron Tweedmouth na 2, ya gaji kadarori na Glenaffric da Guisachan daga mahaifinsa. Matarsa, Baroness Tweedmouth, an haife ta ne a matsayin Lady Fanny Spencer-Churchill, 'yar Duke na 7 na Marlborough, kuma ta mutu a Glen Affric Lodge a shekarar 1904. An san ta a tsaunuka a matsayin Lady of Glenaffric da Guisachan, an ruwaito cewa ita "mai son karen Golden Retriever ". <ref name="npg">{{Cite web |last=Melhuish |first=A. |year=1876 |title=Fanny Octavia Louisa (née Spencer-Churchill) |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw115448/Fanny-Octavia-Louisa-ne-Spencer-Churchill-Lady-Tweedmouth-with-her-golden-retriever-Crocus#sitter |access-date=6 August 2019 |website=London National Portrait Gallery |publisher=A.J. (Arthur James) Melhuish}}</ref> An ''ruwaito'' cewa [[George V|Duke da Duchess na York]] sun ziyarci Guisachan Estate da ke Strathglass a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1897, ciki har da Glen Affric Lodge. Ɗan wan Lady Tweedmouth, [[Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill,]] shi ma ya zo ya ziyarci gidan a shekarar 1901, kuma ya yi wa kansa dariya wajen koyon yadda ake tuƙa mota a filin. Mallakar ƙabilar Marjoribanks ta ƙare da ɗan Edward, Dudley Churchill Marjoribanks, wanda ya zama Lord Tweedmouth na uku a shekarar 1909. Shi da matarsa suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, amma babu wani magaji namiji. Tsawon shekaru kaɗan da suka biyo baya, har zuwa 1918, dangin Newton Wallop, Earl na 6th na Portsmouth (1856–1917) ne suka mallaki kadarorin. Kamfanin Marmaduke Furness, na 1st Viscount Furness ne ya mallaki kadarorin a tsawon shekarun 1920 da 30. Duk gidan, wanda a lokacin ya ƙunshi {{Convert|22,000|acre}}, an sayar da shi a shekarar 1936 ga wani Mr Hunter. Shi ne ya sake sayar da dajin barewa na Glen Affric zuwa yamma da kuma babban yanki na kiwo ga Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rutland |first=Tom |last2=Rutland |first2=Sarah |title=Breed History – The Day We Met Dileas |url=https://www.grca.org/about-the-breed/breed-history/the-day-we-met-dileas/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |publisher=Golden Retriever Club of America}}</ref> Lady Islington ta mallaki yankin Guisachan na kadarorin a shekarar 1939 amma ta bar kadarorin sun lalace. A shekarar 1962, wani zuriyar Frasers na Gortuleg ya sayi gidan Guisachan. A shekarar 1990, wannan tsara ta baya ta rubuta wani littafi game da kakanninsa Fraser waɗanda suka taɓa mallakar Guisachan— ''Guisachan, A History na Donald Fraser'' . <ref name="Strathglass" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Frasers of Guisachan |url=http://www.clanfraser.ca/guisacha.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204225647/http://www.clanfraser.ca/guisacha.htm |archive-date=4 February 2016 |access-date=26 January 2016 |publisher=Bernard Poulin & Bernard Poulin}}</ref> <ref name="Glen Affric">{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric, In a Nutshell |url=http://www.glenaffricestate.com/ |access-date=26 January 2016 |publisher=böetic}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Friends of Guisachan |url=https://friendsofguisachan.org/main/what-is-guisachan-2/ |access-date=4 August 2015 |publisher=Friends of Guisachan}}</ref> An yi rikodin cewa Farfesa Robert Wotherspoon ya mallaki Glen Affric Estate a shekarar 1951, bayan ya saya a shekarar 1944 kuma ya sayar da "mafi yawan filayensa ga Hukumar Kula da Gandun Daji" a shekarar 1948. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=Is Forestry a Growing Investment? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmXnAAAAMAAJ&q=glen+affric+estate+wotherspoon |journal=Country Life |page=160 |access-date=29 August 2019 |quote=The recent sale of the 25,000-acre Glen Affric Estate, near Inverness, is by far the largest by the [Forestry] Commission. ... a solicitor, Ian Wotherspoon, whose father [Provost Robert Wotherspoon] owned it until 1951.}}</ref> An saka sunan ɗansa, Iain Wotherspoon a cikin jerin sunayen waɗanda ke zaune a Glen Affric Lodge a shekarar 1958. == Tsarin kiyayewa == Baya ga kasancewarsa wurin adana namun daji na ƙasa, Glen Affric yanki ne na [[Dajin Caledonia|gandun daji na Caledonian]], <ref name="pinewood" /> yanki ne na yanayin ƙasa, <ref name="nsa">{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric NSA |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/9126 |access-date=16 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> da kuma wurin da ke da sha'awar kimiyya ta musamman (SSSI). <ref name="sssi">{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric SSSI |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/697 |access-date=16 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> An rarraba NNR a matsayin [[Yankin kariya|yanki mai kariya]] [[Yankin kariya|daga Rukunin II]] ta Ƙungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Duniya . <ref name="planet">{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/174637 |access-date=14 February 2021 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> Yawancin yankin yana cikin wani ɓangare na Yankin Kariya na Musamman na Tarayyar Turai don gaggafa masu launin zinare, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glen Affric to Strathconon SPA |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/10233 |access-date=16 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Yankin Musamman na Kariya na Tarayyar Turai. <ref name="sac" /> Kwamitin Ramsay ya gabatar da shawarar sanya Glen Affric a cikin wani wurin shakatawa na ƙasa, wanda aka kafa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu don la'akari da batun wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Scotland, <ref>{{Cite web |title=History Leading to the Cairngorms National Park |url=http://cairngormslearningzone.co.uk/managing-the-park/the-national-park-family/history-leading-to-the-cairngorms-national-park/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115185119/http://cairngormslearningzone.co.uk/managing-the-park/the-national-park-family/history-leading-to-the-cairngorms-national-park/ |archive-date=15 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |publisher=Cairngorms National Park Authority}}</ref> kuma a cikin 2013 ƙungiyar Scottish Campaign for National Parks ta lissafa yankin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin bakwai da aka ɗauka sun dace da matsayin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Unfinished Business a national parks strategy for scotland |url=http://www.scnp.org.uk/News/Docs/2013/Unfinished-Business-a-national-parks-strategy-for-scotland.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909034924/http://scnp.org.uk/News/Docs/2013/Unfinished-Business-a-national-parks-strategy-for-scotland.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2016 |access-date=13 January 2018 |publisher=Scottish Campaign for National Parks}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2016, Roseanna Cunningham, Sakatariyar Majalisar Ministoci ta Muhalli, Sauyin Yanayi da Gyaran Ƙasa, ta shaida wa Majalisar Dokokin Scotland cewa Gwamnatin Scotland ba ta da shirin tsara sabbin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a Scotland, kuma a maimakon haka tana shirin mai da hankali kan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu da ake da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2016 |title=Scottish Government "short sighted" over snub to national park for Galloway |url=https://www.dgwgo.com/dumfries-galloway-news/scottish-government-short-sighted-over-snub-to-national-park-for-galloway/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021350/https://www.dgwgo.com/dumfries-galloway-news/scottish-government-short-sighted-over-snub-to-national-park-for-galloway/ |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=13 January 2018 |publisher=Dumfries and Galloway – What's Going On}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2024, Majalisar Al'umma ta Strathglass, [[Trees for Life (Scotland)|Trees for Life]], Kwalejin UHI Inverness, tare da Cibiyar Kula da Bambancin Halittu da Ruwan Dare ta UHI, da sauransu, sun yi nadin wanda aka rufe a ranar 29 ga Fabrairun 2024. Gwamnati ta yi alƙawarin ƙirƙirar sabon wurin shakatawa na ƙasa nan da shekarar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2024 |title=Bid for Affric & Loch Ness National Park launched |url=https://treesforlife.org.uk/bid-for-affric-loch-ness-national-park-launched/#:~:text=12th%20January%2C%202024&text=Strathglass%20Community%20Council%2C%20supported%20by,and%20Beauly%20to%20the%20east |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=6 June 2025 |publisher=}}</ref> Duk da haka, wani rahoto [[BBC|na BBC]] a shekarar 2025 ya sanar da cewa gwamnati ta janye shirin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Giancarlo Rinaldi |date=29 May 2025 |title=Scottish government scraps plan for new national park |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyz48yypdgo |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=6 June 2025 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> An kuma yi la'akari da Lochaber, Loch Awe, Scottish Borders da Tay Forest Park . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellen McNally |date=22 July 2024 |title=Scottish government scraps plan for new national park |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyz48yypdgo |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=6 June 2025 |publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kz2klgpqffdqsat7podqv9nvrs9f4zm 0 175544 966106 949389 2026-10-11T09:17:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966106 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Glen Coe''' ( Scottish Gaelic <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glencoe |url=https://www.ainmean-aite.scot/placename/glencoe/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |publisher=[[Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba]]}}</ref>{{IPA|gd|klan̪ˠˈkʰo.ən̪ˠ|pron}} ) wani [[Glen|dutse]] ne mai kama da asalin [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|ƙanƙara]] <ref name="nsa-review">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas. ''Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No.374'' |url=https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2017-07/Publication%202010%20-%20SNH%20Commissioned%20Report%20374%20-%20The%20Special%20Qualities%20of%20the%20National%20Scenic%20Areas.pdf |access-date=2018-02-14 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> wanda ke yanke duwatsun aman wuta a [[Yankunan tsaunuka na Scotland|tsaunukan]] Scotland. Tana arewacin gundumar Argyll, kusa da kan iyaka da lardin tarihi na Lochaber, a cikin yankin majalisar zamani ta [[Highland (yanki na majalisa)|Highland]] . Ana ɗaukar Glen Coe a matsayin gidan [[Duwatsu da tuddai na Scotland|hawan tsaunuka na Scotland]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-21 |title=Glencoe National Nature Reserve |url=http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glencoe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131024318/http://www.nnr-scotland.org.uk/glencoe/ |archive-date=31 January 2018 |access-date=2018-02-14 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage}}</ref> kuma yana da farin jini ga masu tafiya a kan tsaunuka da masu hawa dutse. Wani bita da [[NatureScot|Scottish Natural Heritage]] ta yi a shekarar 2010 kan halaye na musamman na wuraren kyawawan wurare na Scotland ya lissafa "kyakkyawan Glen Coe mai ban mamaki", da kuma "ba zato ba tsammani na sauyawa tsakanin manyan tsaunuka da kuma ciyayi mai ɗanɗanon itace" a matsayin abin lura. Binciken ya kuma bayyana tafiyar da aka yi ta hanyar Glen a kan babban [[Hanyar A82|titin A82]] a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyen Highland na gargajiya". <ref name="nsa-review" /> Babban mazaunin shine ƙauyen Glencoe wanda ke ƙasan glen. A ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 1692, bayan tawayen Jacobites na 1689, wani lamari da aka sani da Kisa na Glencoe ya faru a Glen. Sojojin gwamnati sun kashe mutane 38 daga cikin dangin MacDonald na Glencoe, wadanda aka yi musu ruwan bama-bamai bisa dalilin cewa ba su yi gaggawar yin mubaya'a ga sabbin sarakunan ba, William da Mary . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-14 |title=The Massacre of Glen Coe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/scottishhistory/union/trails_union_glencoe.shtml |access-date=2018-02-14 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> An sanya wa Glen suna ne bayan Kogin Coe wanda ke ratsa ta cikinsa. Sunan kogin na iya kasancewa kafin harshen Gaelic, domin ba a san ma'anarsa ba. Yana yiwuwa sunan ya samo asali ne daga sunan mutum ɗaya, Comhan ( wanda aka fi sani da Comhain). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:Scotland_Glencoe.jpg|left|thumb| Coire nan Lochan, corrie na Bidean nam Bian a gefen kudancin Glen Coe]] [[File:Glencoe_by_Hugh_William_Williams_-_Hugh_William_Williams_-_ABDAG003442.jpg|left|thumb| Glencoe na Hugh William Williams, {{Circa|1825–1829}}]] Glen yana da siffar U, wanda aka samar ta hanyar [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|dusar ƙanƙara]] [[Shekarar kankara|ta zamanin kankara]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glaciation in Britain |url=https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page3585.html |access-date=2018-02-14 |publisher=The Geological Society of London}}</ref> game da{{Convert|12.5|km|mi}} tsayi tare da ƙasan glen ƙasa da{{Convert|700|m|mi}} faɗi, yana raguwa sosai a "Pass of Glen Coe". Shigar da glen daga gabas yana ƙasa da ƙafar Buachaille Etive Beag a yammacin Lochan na Fola, inda ruwa ke gudana yamma zuwa Loch Leven ta Kogin Coe. Kogin— "Cona mai duhu" na Ossian —yana ratsawa ta kan magudanar ruwa a mashigar Glen Coe kafin ya gangara zuwa ƙaramin Loch Achtriochtan. Loch Achtriochtan shine ''Loch Trychardan'' ( [[Loch|wani yanki]] na abokai ko dangi uku) a cikin taswirar yankin Timothy Pont . Bayan Loch, kogin ya juya arewa maso yamma, ya ratsa ƙauyen Glencoe, kafin ya kwarara zuwa [[Loch]] Leven (wani yanki na ruwan gishiri na Loch Linnhe ) a Invercoe. Yankin da ke gabashin Lochan na Fola galibi ana sanya shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Glen Coe (duba misali wurin da cibiyar wasan kankara ta Glencoe take), amma a zahiri ɓangare ne na saman Glen Etive . <ref name="sheet41" /> Gefen kudu na glen yana da alamar kololuwa daban-daban: Buachaille Etive Beag a ƙarshen gabas, sai kuma ''Sisters Uku'', kafadu na Bidean nam Bian massif wanda Coire Gabhail da Coire nan Lochan ke raba. Sunan Coire Gabbail ( corrie na ''kyautar'', ko kuma ''kamawa mara zurfi'' ) yana nufin zamanin da membobin Clan MacDonald ke amfani da corrie don ɓoye [[Saniya|shanu]] da sauran dabbobi, ko nasu ko na wasu. Faɗin glen ɗin ya dace da wannan dalili domin daga Glen Coe yana kama da glen mai siffar v wanda aka saba zuwa da shi ta wani ƙaramin kwarin da ke da tsayi. {{Sfn|Storer|2008}} {{Sfn|Prebble|1968}} Taro a cikin Bidean nam Bian massif sun haɗa da Stob Coire Sgreamhach, Stob Coire nan Lochan da Aonach Dubh ("'yar'uwa" ta uku). A akasin haka, gefen arewa na glen akwai wani katanga mai ƙarfi na dutse, wato tsaunin Aonach Eagach . An ketare tudun a ƙarshen gabas ta Matakan Shaidan, tsohuwar titin soja da ke gaban Buachaille Etive Mòr. Ƙarshen yamma ya ƙare da mazugi mai siffar Pap na Glencoe ( ''Sgùrr na Cìche'' ), a saman ƙauyen Glencoe, a wurin da glen ya buɗe zuwa Loch Leven. <ref name="sheet41" /> Banda gonaki da suka warwatse, ƙauyen Glencoe kaɗai ne ke Glen Coe, wanda ke ƙarshen yammacin glen kusa da Invercoe inda kogin ya haɗu da Loch Leven . Kimanin {{Cvt|2|km}} a yamma, a gefen kudu na Loch, akwai ƙauyen Ballachulish, wanda aka sani a baya saboda ma'adinan dutse, waɗanda aka yi aiki tun 1693. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=The Quarry |url=http://www.ballachulish.org.uk/the-quarry/ |access-date=2018-02-15 |publisher=Ballachulish Community Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025029/http://www.ballachulish.org.uk/the-quarry/ |archive-date=2018-02-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yanayi == {{Weather box}} aw2zvk3zhgqx880l1vob8i1mhc9fs10 0 175584 966086 949489 2026-10-11T07:33:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na Salair''' a ƙasar Russian yana kan gangaren yammacin Salair Ridge, wanda ya raba Altai Krai gefen yamma daga Kemerovo Oblast gefen gabas. Ƙananan duwatsu an rufe su da gandun daji, yayin da kewayen da ba na wurin shakatawa ba a yammacin su ne tsaunuka da gandun dajin da aka fi canzawa zuwa aikin gona.<ref name="parksite">{{Cite web |title=Salair National Park |url=http://www.tigirek.ru/en/node/1653 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211218211107/http://www.tigirek.ru/en/node/1653 |archive-date=December 18, 2021 |access-date=December 9, 2021 |publisher=Salair National Park |language=ru}}</ref> Saboda lokacin zafi, lokacin rani mai zafi, masana kimiyya sun kira Salair a matsayin gishiri na Siberia tare da haifar da bambancin halittu da tsire-tsire da aka adana daga lokacin pre-glacial. An kirkiro wurin shakatawa a hukumance a cikin 2020; yana cikin gundumomin Zarinsk, Togulsky, Yeltsovsky da Soltonsky na Altai Krai .<ref name="established">{{Cite web |title=On the creation of the Salair National Park |url=http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202009150029 |access-date=December 9, 2021 |publisher=Russian Federation |language=ru}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == A fannin, Salair yayi kama da tsaunuka masu laushi: mafi girman matsayi a cikin wurin shakatawa shine Dutsen Kivda (mita 621 (2,037 ). Yankin yana da alamar hanyar sadarwa mai zurfi na kwari da kwari.<ref name="altaistateu">{{Cite web |title=Rare Plants and Plant Communities of the Projected "Togul" [Now 'Salair'] National Park (Altai Region) |url=https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2019/05/bioconf_rpgrs2019_00007/bioconf_rpgrs2019_00007.html#F1 |access-date=December 16, 2021 |publisher=BioConferences.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195221/https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2019/05/bioconf_rpgrs2019_00007/bioconf_rpgrs2019_00007.html#F1 |archive-date=January 20, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Salair Ridge wani karamin arewa ne na tsaunukan Altai . == Yankin da yanayi == Dutsen Salair ya zama tsawo na arewa maso yammacin gandun daji na Sayan. An kewaye shi sosai a ƙananan tsaunuka a gabas da yammacin gandun daji na Yammacin Siberia.<ref name="ecomap">{{Cite web |title=Map of Ecoregions 2017 |url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Resolve, using WWF data |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin wurin shakatawa shine ''Yanayin zafi na nahiyar, lokacin rani mai zafi'' (Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). Wannan yanayin yana da bambancin zafin jiki na yanayi da kuma lokacin zafi (akalla watanni huɗu da ke da matsakaicin sama da {{Convert|10|C|F}} ° C (50 ° F), amma babu wata da ke da masakaicin sama le {{Convert|22|C|F}} ° C (72 ° F).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottek |first=M. |last2=Grieser |first2=J. |last3=Beck |first3=C. |last4=Rudolf |first4=B. |last5=Rubel |first5=F. |date=2006 |title=World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/Paper_2006.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="kop-data">{{Cite web |title=Dataset - Koppen climate classifications |url=https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-maps-k%C3%B6ppen-geiger-climate-classification |access-date=September 14, 2019 |publisher=World Bank |language=en}}</ref>{{Climate chart|Barnaul, Altai Krai|-5.40|8|1.2|-0.50|14.4|1.1|13.4|29.9|1.2|28.3|49.2|1.6|42.5|64.6|2|55.8|74.9|2.6|59|76.6|3.3|54.6|73.6|2.3|43.9|62.4|1.9|31.8|46.9|1.9|15.4|26.9|2.2|1.7|14.5|1.8}} [[File:Salair-01.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Dajin a kan Salair Ridge]] == Shuke-shuke da dabbobi == Gidan shakatawa an rufe shi da gandun daji mai laushi "dark taiga": tsayin Pinus sibirica (Siberian pine), Picea obovata (Sibarian spruce), Abies sibirica, da tsayin [[Tilia sibirica|Tilia sibirica L.]] (Sibrian linden), tare da shrub da ciyawa. Akwai wasu lokuta na tsohuwar itacen al'ul da kuma kawai na asali na Populus tremula (Quaking aspen) a Siberia. Kowane itace na Siberian ya kai shekaru 800. A cikin gandun daji akwai Asperula odorata, Asarum europaeum, Sanicula europaea, da Brachypodium sylvaticum <ref name="altaistateu" /> Akwai tsayi da tsaunuka masu tsawo a ƙasa da kuma a cikin fili. Dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da elk, Red deer, roe deer, marmot, American mink, da beaver. == Manazarta == 745vgi5u7wdz2z61kccnt2eaqb0l957 0 175773 966030 950191 2026-10-11T01:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Francois Jacobus du Toit (25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 - 17 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1961) ɗan jaridar Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma masanin tattalin arziki wanda ya wakilci Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin Kwamishinan Ciniki a London, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban [[Jami'ar Potchefstroom don Ilimi mafi Girma na Kirista]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Du Toit a ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 a Colesberg, Cape Colony . Shi ɗan Francois Jacobus du Toit ne (1861-1931), sanata na Afirka ta Kudu, da Anna Sophia van der Walt . Shi ne babba a cikin yara biyar.<ref name="dopper.co.za">{{Cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=(Afrikaans) Dr Frans du Toit gebore (translated: Frans du Toit was born) |url=https://morneweb.wordpress.com/2018/08/24/25-augustus-1897-dr-frans-du-toit-gebore/ |access-date=1 September 2018 |website=dopper.co.za}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu daga Paarl Gimnasium a 1915, ya yi karatu a makarantar tauhidin Ikklisiyoyin Reformed a Afirka ta Kudu a Jami'ar Potchefstroom kuma daga baya ya sami digiri na BA a fannin tattalin arziki da tarihi daga [[Jami'ar Stellenbosch]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1954 |title=(Afrikaans) Persoonlik (translated: personal) Page 3 |url=http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/12832/Wapad_d09_n01_1954.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=2 September 2018 |publisher=PU for CHE}}</ref> Ya auri Wilhelmina du Plessis kuma shi ne mahaifin Laurika Jerling du Toit, Anna Sophia Du Plessis du Toit. == Ayyuka == Kafin ya fara karatunsa, Du Toit ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Schweizer-Reneke . Bayan kammala karatunsa ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a jaridar Die Weste da Die Burger . A shekara ta 1925, an nada shi a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki na farko a sabon sashin tattalin arziki da kasuwanni a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Afirka ta Kudu. A wannan shekarar an tura shi Landan don wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin Mataimakin Kwamishinan Ciniki. Ya koma Afirka ta Kudu a 1929, yana aiki a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona a matsayin babban masanin tattalin arziki, babban magatakarda, da kuma mukaddashin shugaban sashen Ilimi. Ya kuma zama wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko na Kungiyar Masu Noma na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma sauran kungiyoyin noma daban-daban. Tsakanin 1929 da 1934, Du Toit ya yi tafiye-tafiye daban-daban na kasashen waje wanda ke wakiltar cinikin Afirka ta Kudu a Arewacin Amurka da Asiya. Daga 1934 zuwa 1937, ya wakilci Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin Kwamishinan Ciniki a London. Tsakanin 1939 da 1943 ya kasance Mataimakin Babban Kwamishina da Sakatare a Gidan Afirka ta Kudu a London. A wannan lokacin ya kuma wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a taron kasa da kasa da yawa.<ref name="dopper.co.za" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 1961 |editor-last=The |title=(Afrikaans) Hulde aan wyle Frans du Toit (translated:Honour the late Frans du Toit), Page 1 |url=https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/12952/Wapad_d16_n02_1961.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=2 September 2018 |publisher=Die Wapad newspaper |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027143251/https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/12952/Wapad_d16_n02_1961.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=27 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nwu.ac.za">{{Cite web |title=(Afrikaans) Beleid en Bestuur (translated : Policy and Procedures) |url=http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/679/Hoofstuk3.pdf.txt?sequence=35 |access-date=3 September 2018 |website=nwu.ac.za |publisher=NWU.co.za}}</ref> Tsakanin 1944 da 1949, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu a Pretoria. A shekara ta 1947, an nada shi shugaban farko na Majalisar don Ci gaban Albarkatun Halitta kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu, a shekara ta 1948 memba na Majalisar Kasa don Binciken Jama'a, kuma shugaban Strategic Resources. A shekara ta 1949, ya zama darektan Yskor, mai samar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe na jihar, kuma a shekara ta 1951 shugaban darektan Sasol, kuma a 1952 shugaban Foskor, da Staalafsetmaatshappy van Afrika. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitocin jihohi daban-daban, ciki har da a cikin 1960 a matsayin shugaban Hukumar kan fararen Afirka ta Kudu a yankunan karkara. Du Toit memba ne na kwamitin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu daban-daban kamar Sanlam, Federale Volk Beleggings, da Nasionale Bouvereniging kuma ya kasance memba ne na kafa Suid-Afrika Stigting . <ref name="dopper.co.za" /> == Shugaba == Du Toit ya zama memba na majalisa na Jami'ar Potchefstroom a 1952, [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a 1957, da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afrikaans a 1955. A shekara ta 1954, an nada Du Toit a matsayin shugaban Jami'ar Potchefstroom, matsayin da ya kasance har zuwa 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 1955 |title=(Afrikaans) Nuwe Kanselier Lewer lntreerede (translated: New chancellor give speech) page7 |url=http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10394/12838/Wapad_d10_n02_1955.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=4 September 2018 |publisher=Studente blad newspaper}}</ref> A lokacin mulkinsa ya inganta fadada bincike a jami'ar.<ref name="dopper.co.za" /> Ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Maris 1961, a Bangkok, Thailand, yayin da yake tafiya ta kasuwanci. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1961]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qmj2zh5eg1og5r3dcact3jf2s3i8s7h 0 175791 966074 950276 2026-10-11T07:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox NRHP|name=Staunton River State Park Historic District|nrhp_type=hd|nocat=yes|designated_other1=Virginia Landmarks Register|designated_other1_date=June 8, 2006<ref name=register>{{cite web|title=Virginia Landmarks Register|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/register_counties_cities.htm|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|access-date=5 June 2013}}</ref>|designated_other1_number=041-0100|designated_other1_num_position=bottom|image=Cabin 1 Staunton River State Park - Waterview cabin (6842283213).jpg|caption=A cabin in the park|nearest_city=[[Scottsburg, Virginia]]|pushpin_map=Virginia#USA|built={{Start date|1933}}|architecture=Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Modern Movement|added=May 4, 2007|area={{convert|1597|acre}}|ref_num=07000402<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>}}{{Databox}} '''Gidan shakatawa na jihar Staunton''' River wani wurin shakatawa ne a [[Virginia]] . Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na asali na Commonwealth, wanda Civilian Conservation Corps ya gina kuma ya buɗe a 1936, yana kusa da Kogin Staunton kusa da Scottsburg, Virginia. Gidan shakatawa ne na Dark Sky na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2015 |title=Staunton River State Park (U.S.) |url=http://darksky.org/idsp/parks/stauntonriver/ |access-date=1 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607030427/http://darksky.org/idsp/parks/stauntonriver/ |archive-date=7 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == An fara gina wurin shakatawa (a wurin haɗuwa da Kogin Staunton da Dan) tun daga 1933; An kafa Tafkin Buggs Island a farkon shekarun 1950. Wadannan koguna biyu sun samar da Kogin Roanoke, kuma ɓangaren ƙasar da ke farawa a wurin shakatawa kuma yana ci gaba da raguwa kusa da Kogin Roanoke an san shi da kwarin Kogin Roanooke. == Tarihi == An sanya sunan wurin shakatawa ne saboda Kogin Staunton, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakokinta. A yau an kuma san kogin da Kogin Roanoke; duk da haka, a cikin gida har yanzu ana kiransa Kogin Staunton (mai suna "Stanton"). An ce an sanya sunan Kogin Staunton ne ga Kyaftin Henry Staunton; kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, Staunton ya umarci wani kamfani na sojoji da aka shirya don yin sintiri a kwarin kogin daga Dutsen Blue Ridge zuwa bakin Kogin Dan. Ayyukansu shine kare mazauna Virginia daga hare-haren 'yan asalin Amurka. Wannan ɓangaren kogin ya zama sananne da "Kudancin Staunton's River" kuma, daga baya, Kogin Staunton. == Tarihi == The first Europeans who settled were small farmers. With the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop, area plantations began to expand. Many plantations were located along the Staunton River above the park. Red Hill (the last home of Patrick Henry) and Roanoke Plantation (home of Captain Adam Clement and his son John Marshall Clemens,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2012}} father of Samuel Clemens—Mark Twain) are two of the better-known plantations. The Fork Plantation was located on what is now Staunton River State Park. H. E. Coleman owned the plantation, and in 1839 the ownership was transferred to Richard Logan. The plantation contained all of the land located on the fork; one tract covered more than {{Convert|1000|acre|km2}}. At this time, there was also a Fork Mission located near the present town of Scottsburg. Tare da shuke-shuke akwai buƙatar sufuri, kuma Kogin Staunton da Dan sun ba da izinin cinikin ruwa. Jirgin ruwa na jiragen ruwa (flatboats) suna aiki daga Brookneal da kuma ƙasa zuwa Clarksville da Gaston, North Carolina. Samuel Pannilla ya mallaki waɗannan jiragen ruwa, waɗanda suka wuce faduwar ta hanyar tashoshin da aka katange su da dutse (samar da tashar). Wadannan jiragen ruwa sun tsaya ba wai kawai sun tsaya a gonar Pannilla ba, amma a saukowa sama da ƙasa a kogi don ɗaukar kaya ga wasu masu jigilar kaya. Wannan tsarin ya kasance har zuwa yakin basasa, ya sake shahara a 1869 har zuwa zuwan layin dogo. Charles Bruce na Staunton Hill ya sanya ƙananan jiragen ruwa guda biyu a kan Kogin Staunton, amma yawancin nau'ikan tafiye-tafiye na ruwa sun ƙare tare da zuwan layin dogo. Matt Haskins sanannen mutum ne mai karfi na mutanen jiragen ruwa na Staunton River. Haskins, [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya]] wanda ke zaune a Randolph, an san shi sama da ƙasa a cikin kogi. An ce zai iya ɗaga jakar taki mai nauyin kilo 91 tare da hakora kuma ya ɗauki ganga cike da barasa a hannunsa ya sha daga cikin bunghole. Bayan yakin, Fork Plantation ya rushe. Manoma masu haya sun karɓi ƙasar gonar. Yankin da ke kusa da koguna yana da wadata kuma yana da kyau, kuma amfanin gona ya girma sosai; kowace shekara, an girbe fam 500-600 (230-270 na masara. Taba sigari shine babban amfanin gona, kuma an shuka adadi mai yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin masu mallakar gida yawanci yana da manoma masu haya 50 da iyalansu da ke zaune a cikin abin da ke yanzu wurin shakatawa. A shekara ta 1899, akwai mulkin mallaka na Kirista daga [[Wisconsin]] a kan hanyar. Ƙasar ta kasance yankin gwaji na Utopian. A ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 1899 J. C. Zimmerman ya sayi wani yanki na kimanin kilomita biyu (kilomita 3) sama da haɗuwar Kogin Dan da Staunton. &nbsp;Yankin ya rufe kadada 1,4 (5.77 ). Zimmerman ya jagoranci ƙungiyar iyalai tara ko goma waɗanda suka kafa mulkin mallaka. An shirya gine-gine a cikin semicircle, tare da kicin jama'a da ɗakin cin abinci a tsakiya. Koyaya, mutane ba su san komai game da ayyukan noma na yankin ba; mulkin mallaka ya fara kasawa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ƙungiyar ta tafi. A cikin 1933, Hukumar Karewa da Ci Gaban Commonwealth ta Virginia ta sayi kadada 1,196 (4.84 ) na ƙasa daga J. W. Johnson, matarsa Mary C. Johnson, J. E. Johnson da matarsa Elizabeth Johnson. An kuma sayi wasu filayen wurin shakatawa. Daga 1933 zuwa 1935, an kafa kamfanin Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) a "fork". Yawancin gine-gine da kayan aikin wurin shakatawa an gina su ne ta hanyar CCC. A cikin 1936, an buɗe wurin shakatawa na Staunton River ga jama'a a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren shakatawa na asali guda shida. Ya rufe kadada 1,776 (7.19 ), ya ba da nishaɗi ga mutanen kudancin tsakiyar Virginia. A shekara ta 1952, tare da kammala madatsar ruwan John H. Kerr da kuma kafa tafkin Buggs Island, wani ɓangare na wurin shakatawa ya cika da ruwa. Gidan shakatawa yana ba da nau'o'i da yawa na nishaɗi: tafkin, kotunan wasan tennis, kotun volleyball, wuraren shakatawa, filin wasa na yara, wurin kaddamar da jirgin ruwa, filin shakatawa, gidaje da hanyoyin yanayi. Da yake a cikin karkara, yawancin kyawawan asalin "River of Captain Staunton" har yanzu yana nan. Gundumar Tarihin Gidan Tarihi ta Jihar Staunton River an jera ta a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 2007. Gundumar tarihi ta kasa ta ƙunshi gine-gine masu ba da gudummawa 14, shafuka masu ba da taimako 5, da kuma gine-gine 5 masu ba da kyauta. Sun hada da Gidan Manajan Gundumar da garage (1934), gidan cin abinci / cibiyar baƙi (1935-1936), yankin tafki ciki har da gidan wanka da ginin izini, wuraren shakatawa ciki har da mafaka da bayan gida (1933-1934, 1934-1935), yankin gida da gidaje (1934-1936), sansani (1940), da kotunan tennis (1937). <ref name="vaNRHPnom">{{Cite web |last=Kimble A. David |date=March 2006 |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Staunton River State Park Historic District |url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Halifax/041-0100_Staunton_River_State_Park_2007_NRfinal.pdf |publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources}} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Halifax/StauntonRiverStateParkHD_photo.htm ''Accompanying four photos''] and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Halifax/Staunton_River.pdf ''Accompanying map'']</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nc10v65kmuefnfpeq3q915ttrmt703t 0 175877 966075 950586 2026-10-11T07:16:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sweet Run State Park''' is a [[Jerin wuraren shakatawa na jihar Virginia|state park]] in northern Loudoun County, Virginia, near Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. The park was dedicated on October 6, 2023 by Governor Glenn Youngkin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governor Glenn Youngkin Dedicates Sweet Run State Park |url=https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2023/october/name-1015566-en.html |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=www.governor.virginia.gov |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114044337/https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2023/october/name-1015566-en.html |archive-date=2024-01-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The {{Convert|884|acre|km2}} park is the first state park in Loudoun County and the 42nd park to be established under the [[Jerin wuraren shakatawa na jihar Virginia|Virginia state park system.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia’s Newest State Park Is Now Open In Loudoun County. We Went And Took A Hike |url=https://dcist.com/story/23/10/23/virginia-newest-state-park-sweet-run-state-park-loudoun-county |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024064644/https://dcist.com/story/23/10/23/virginia-newest-state-park-sweet-run-state-park-loudoun-county/ |archive-date=October 24, 2023 |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=DCist |language=en}}</ref> Situated between Short Hill Mountain and the Blue Ridge Mountains, the park is located in a valley known to locals as Between the Hills.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BRCES |url=https://www.betweenthehillsconservancy.org |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Between the Hills Conservancy |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == A ƙarshen karni na 18, mazauna sun haɓaka al'umma a kusa da yankin da aka sani da "Waters" a haɗuwar Piney da Sweet Runs. Mazauna sun shuka amfanin gona irin su alkama da masara, kuma sun girbe katako don ƙirƙirar gawayi don samar da kayan ƙarfe a Harper's Ferry. Har yanzu ana iya ganin ragowar wannan aikin a cikin wurin shakatawa, inda har yanzu ana iya samun ragowar tsoffin gine-gine, da hanyoyin sadarwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sweet Run State Park |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/sweet-run#other_info |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov}}</ref> A lokacin yakin basasa, yankin ya kasance wurin rikice-rikice tsakanin sojan doki na Union da 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion karkashin umurnin Col. John S. Mosby. Tsakanin 1861 da 1865, iko da Harper's Ferry ya canza hannun sau goma sha huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-26 |title=10 Facts: Harpers Ferry |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/10-facts-harpers-ferry |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> Yankin ya ga sabuwar jiha da aka kirkira lokacin da West Virginia ta zama jiha ta 35 a cikin Tarayyar a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1863. <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Virginia 160th Anniversary of Statehood (1863): June 20, 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/west-virginia-admission-anniversary.html |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Bayan yakin basasa kuma tare da zuwan aikin gona mai yawa, yawan mutanen karkara na yankin ya ragu kuma waɗanda suka kasance sun koma da farko zuwa madara, dabbobi, da ayyukan kaji don samar da biranen yankin. Yayin da yankin ya kauce daga aikin gona, masu haɓakawa sun fara kallon yankin don al'ummar filin golf. A cikin 1999, Gidauniyar Robert da Dee Leggett ta sayi ƙasa a wannan yanki kuma ta ba shi suna Blue Ridge Center for Ecological Stewardship (BRCES). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The future Sweet Run State Park |url=https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/sweet-run-sp |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=www.dcr.virginia.gov}}</ref> Cibiyar ta mayar da hankali kan dorewa, sarrafa albarkatun kasa da al'adu, da kuma inganta budewa ga yanayi ga jama'a. Gidauniyar ta ba da gudummawar kadada 604 ga [[Ma'aikatar Karewa da Nishaɗi ta Virginia]] a cikin 2016, kuma Loudoun County ta sayi ƙarin kadada 280 a cikin 2018 wanda suka canja shi a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Maggie |date=2023-10-24 |title=Sweet Run State Park is Virginia’s Newest State Park — and It’s Open Now |url=https://northernvirginiamag.com/things-to-do/things-to-do-features/2023/10/24/sweet-run-state-park-is-virginias-newest-state-park-and-its-open-now |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Northern Virginia Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙasar ta zama wurin shakatawa na jihar a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2023 kuma an sake sunan BRCES zuwa Tsakanin Tsakanin Hills Conservancy, wanda zai tallafa wa wurin shakatawa. == Manazarta == r13ozpw7tdgh7notwzixzp5tw9nv7qu 0 175884 966089 950602 2026-10-11T07:43:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Loch Choire''' wani yanki ne na [[Loch]] Choire da ke Sutherland a yankin majalisar [[Highland (yanki na majalisa)|Highland]] na arewacin Scotland. Yana nan a ƙarshen titin karkara wanda ya haɗa loch da gidajen kwana da ke kewaye da shi da Badanloch Lodge da babban titin B871. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Choire from The Gazetteer for Scotland |url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst2336.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.scottish-places.info |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Tarihi == Taswirorin Sutherland da yawa sun nuna shaidar wanzuwar Loch Choire daga tushe daban-daban tun daga ƙarni na 19. Wannan ya haɗa da taswira daga 1830, <ref>{{Cite web |last=GmbH |first=Klokan Technologies |title=Map of the county of Sutherland made on the basis of the trigonometrical survey of Scotland in the years 1831, 1832. |url=https://www.oldmapsonline.org/map/nls/74400334 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.oldmapsonline.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=View map: Map of the county of Sutherland made on the basis of the trigonometrical survey ... - Counties of Scotland, 1580-1928 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400334 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=maps.nls.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629200208/https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400334 |archive-date=2022-06-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 1882 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Folding Maps |url=https://www.foldingmaps.co.uk/republished-maps/antique-county-maps-scotland/antique-map-of-sutherland-circa-1882 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=Old Folding Maps |language=en}}</ref> da 1884. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Old map of Sutherland County from original geography textbook, 1884 Stock Photo - Alamy |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-old-map-of-sutherland-county-from-original-geography-textbook-1884-27986381.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.alamy.com |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, taswirori da yawa na da ba su nuna wata shaida a fili ta Loch Choire ba, kuma waɗanda suka yi ba su ba da cikakken bayani ba saboda ba a yi bincike sosai a yankin a lokacin ba. Za a iya nuna misali na wannan daga taswira daga kusan 1820. <ref>{{Cite web |title=View map: Sutherlandshire. - Counties of Scotland, 1580-1928 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400360 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=maps.nls.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703170801/https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400360 |archive-date=2022-07-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GmbH |first=Klokan Technologies |title=Sutherlandshire. |url=https://www.oldmapsonline.org/map/nls/74400360 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.oldmapsonline.org}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Binciken Makamai ya sanya alamar Loch da ziyartarta tun daga shekarar 1961. == Yanayin ƙasa == Babban shigowar Loch Choire shine [[Allt Coire Na Frarna|Allt Coire Na Fearna]] da [[Loch a' Bhealaich]] duk suna kawo ruwa daga tsaunukan da ke kusa. A arewacin Loch Choire akwai [[Ben Klibreck]], ɗaya daga cikin tsaunuka mafi tsayi a Sutherland kuma [[Mallart River|Kogin Mallart]] yana kwarara daga Loch Choire. Loch Choire tana da tsibiri ɗaya da ke gefen gabashin Loch kuma Loch ɗin yana da tsawon kilomita 5 da faɗin mita 700-1000. An ɗaga wurin shakatawar sama da mita 173 sama da matakin teku kuma yana da matsugunai huɗu a ciki: Loch Choire Lodge, Coire Na Fearna, Alltnaba da Alltalaird. [[Allt Coire Na Fearna]] yana kwarara zuwa Loch Choire daga kudu yana kawo ruwa daga kololuwa kamar Creag Riabhach na Gheighe, Meall an Fhuarain, Meall na Caillich da Meall a' Bhata. Yawancin ruwa yana gudana daga waɗannan tsaunuka ba Allt Coire Na Fearna ta cikin magudanan ruwa: Allt na Caillich da Allt a' Chraisg. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Detailed maps & routes to explore across the UK {{!}} OS Maps |url=https://explore.osmaps.com/browser-not-supported?platform=unknown |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=explore.osmaps.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geograph:: Bridge over the Allt Coire na Fearna © John Ferguson cc-by-sa/2.0 |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4212098 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.geograph.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> An haɗa [[Loch a' Bhealaich]] da Loch Choire ta wata ƙaramar hanyar da ba a san sunanta ba wadda ke gudana ƙasa da 'yan mita kaɗan tana haɗa lochs ɗin biyu. Saboda haka, Loch a' Bhealaich ya ɗanɗana sama da Loch Choire. == Manazarta == qymknrscam54zmddvc5gz507w7x5j01 0 176382 966025 952721 2026-10-11T00:36:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fort Augustus Abbey''', da kuma St Benedict's Abbey, a Fort Augustus, Inverness-shire, Scotland, gidan sufi ne na Benedictine, tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara zuwa 1998 wanda kuma ya ƙunshi makaranta ga yara maza har zuwa 1993. == Farawa == An kafa ta ne saboda sha'awar Marquess na 3 na Bute don dawo da addinin sufanci a Scotland. Marquess ta gabatar da batun ga manyan Cocin Anglo-Benedictine a shekarar 1874, inda ta yi alƙawarin ba da tallafi mai yawa wajen kafa gida a Scotland, tare da fahimtar cewa idan aka kafa wasu gidajen ibada guda biyu, ya kamata su kafa cocin Scotland daban. An amince da shawarar, kuma hukumomin Anglo-Benedictine sun yanke shawarar shiga cikin gidan ibada na Scotland mai suna Lamspringe Abbey, da ke [[Hanover]], wanda malaman addinin Ingilishi suka yi wa hidima daga 1645 zuwa 1803. Rashin isassun kuɗi ya hana sake gina wannan gidan na dindindin, amma da taimakon da Lord Bute ya yi alkawari, da alama zai yiwu a sake farfaɗo da shi a Scotland. An naɗa Jerome Vaughan, ɗan'uwan Herbert Cardinal Vaughan, don ya kula da aikin, kuma ya yi nasarar tattarawa daga masu kuɗi da talakawa a Ingila, Scotland, da Ireland, wanda ya isa ya gina wani kyakkyawan gidan ibada wanda farashinsa ya kai kusan £70,000. An ba da wurin da ke Fort Augustus ta hannun Lord Lovat na 13 . Ya ƙunshi gine-ginen wani katafaren sansanin soja da aka rushe, wanda aka gina a shekarar 1729 kuma aka gina shi da farko don murkushe tsaunukan Highland Jacobites . Iyalan Lovat ne suka saya shi daga Gwamnati a shekarar 1867. An kammala gine-ginen sufaye da aka fara a shekarar 1876 a shekarar 1880, inda suka mamaye bangarorin hudu na wani kusurwa mai fadin murabba'in ƙafa ɗari. A wani ɓangaren, malaman addini suna gudanar da makarantar yara maza na manyan makarantu na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida. == Jagorancin Benedictines na Scotland == [[File:Clock_tower_at_Fort_Augustus_Abbey_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1708060.jpg|thumb| Hasumiyar agogo]] Har zuwa shekarar 1882, gidan ibada na St Benedict ya ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon Ikilisiyar Anglo-Benedictine, amma bisa ga buƙatun shugabannin Scotland, da kuma manyan sarakunan Scotland - musamman Lords Lovat da Bute &#x2014; Paparoma Leo XIII, ta hanyar Takardarsa " {{Lang|la|Summâ cum animi lætitiâ}} " ", wanda aka rubuta a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1882, ya gina shi a matsayin wani kabari mai zaman kansa, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Holy See, don haka ya raba shi da mulkin Ingila. Da aka kammala wannan matakin, Lovat ya bai wa al'ummar Scotland kadarorin, ta hanyar sanya hannu kan takardun mallakar kadarorin, waɗanda aka daɗe ana riƙe su. A shekara ta 1888, an naɗa Leo Linse na Cocin Benedictine na Beuronese, wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru goma a Ingila, wani ɓangare na lokacin a matsayin shugaban Erdington Priory, kusa da [[Birmingham]], a matsayin babban malamin cocin Holy See, kuma ya sami salati na bankwana daga hannun Ignatius Persico, Archbishop na Tamiathis, wanda aka aika zuwa gidan ibada a matsayin Baƙon Manzanni. A shekarar 1889, an amince da kundin tsarin mulki na musamman, bisa ga na Ikilisiyar Benedictine ta Beuron, tare da amincewar Holy See, na tsawon shekaru goma. Waɗannan, bayan wasu gyare-gyare da gogewa ta nuna, sun sami amincewa tabbatacciyar a cikin 1901. Daga shekarar 1893, an yi amfani da sigar Solesmes ta waƙoƙin Gregorian a duk ayyukan ibada. An fara wani babban coci, wanda Peter Paul Pugin ya tsara, a shekarar 1890, wanda ya maye gurbin cocin wucin gadi na katako. == Rufewa == A shekarar 1993, saboda sauyin yanayin ilimi a Scotland wanda ya haifar da koma baya, Abbot Mark Dilworth ya yanke shawarar rufe makarantar. Wannan ya bar sufaye ba tare da wani nau'in taimakon jama'a ba kuma ya ragu sosai a cikin kuɗin shiga. Kamfanin Inverness da Nairn Enterprise (wani ɓangare na [[Kasuwancin Highlands da Tsibirin|Highlands and Islands Enterprise]] ) sun gabatar da sufaye ga ɗan kasuwa Tony Harmsworth, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-05-03 |title=Loch Ness Webmaster, Tony Harmsworth |url=http://www.loch-ness.org/webmaster.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102130648/http://www.loch-ness.org/webmaster.html |archive-date=2 November 2019 |access-date=2013-07-30 |publisher=Loch-ness.org}}</ref> wanda aka ba shi aikin kafa wani ƙaramin baje kolin kayan tarihi don samar da kuɗin shiga nan take ga sufaye yayin da yake ƙirƙiro wani shirin ceto. Nan da nan ya bayyana cewa ƙaramin kasuwanci ba zai taɓa samar da isasshen kuɗin shiga don tallafawa sufaye da gine-ginen Victorian masu yawo ba, don haka aka fara babban aiki. Kasuwancin ya ƙunshi babban baje kolin kayan tarihi na sirri a Scotland, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.LochNessNessieAndMe.com/ |website=LochNessNessieAndMe.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ɗakunan karatu da aka mayar da su ɗakunan kwana na yawon buɗe ido (wanda za a iya amfani da shi don shakatawa), gidan abinci, shagon kyauta da wasu kasuwancin da aka amince da su, ciki har da mai kula da jiragen ruwa da cibiyar sake fasalin gidaje. Da farko kamfanonin sun nuna babban kwarin gwiwa, inda suka zama babbar rundunar yawon bude ido a tsaunukan Highlands, amma an gano cewa gine-ginen suna buƙatar gyare-gyare masu tsada fiye da yadda aka zata. Ana tunanin wani babban aiki da zai yi amfani da kuɗaɗe daga Historic Scotland da Local Enterprise Company, amma an rufe kasuwancin kafin a fara aiwatar da shi. An rufe cibiyar tarihi a shekarar 1998 kuma lokacin da malaman addini suka tafi, gine-ginen, waɗanda aka yi hayar sufaye akan £5 a kowace shekara, sun koma ga Iyalan Lovat kuma daga baya aka sayar da su ga wani kamfani, ciki har da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye a talabijin Terry Nutkins . Shafin yanar gizon abbey na asali tun lokacin da yake cibiyar baƙi yana nan a raye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.fortaugustusabbey.com/ |website=fortaugustusabbey.com}}</ref> == Zargin cin zarafi ta hanyar jima'i, jiki da kuma motsin rai == A shekarar 2013, jaridar ''The Observer'' ta ruwaito cewa 'yan sandan Scotland suna binciken zarge-zargen cewa an ci zarafin ɗalibai ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfi da kuma ta hanyar jima'i a lokacin da suke makarantar abbey. Wani shirin BBC Scotland Investigates, mai taken ''Sins of Our Fathers'', ya ruwaito zargin cewa an yi amfani da Fort Augustus Abbey a matsayin "wurin zubar da shara" ga malaman addini da aka zarge su da cin zarafi a wasu wurare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Severin Carrell |date=2019-07-29 |title=Ex-pupils allege they were raped and abused by monks at schools in Scotland &#124; UK news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/29/pupils-allege-rape-catholic-schools-scotland |access-date=2013-07-30 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kimanin tsofaffin ɗalibai 50 sun yi magana game da abubuwan da suka faru. Yawancin tsofaffin ɗalibai sun ba da rahoton kyawawan abubuwan tunawa ne kawai, amma akwai labaran tashin hankali da cin zarafin mata, ciki har da fyaɗe da malaman addini suka yi. Shirin ya ƙunshi shaidu kan sufaye bakwai na Fort Augustus; an kuma zargi shugabannin makarantu biyu da ɓoye cin zarafin. Shugaban ƙungiyar Benedictines, Richard Yeo, ya nemi afuwa ga duk wanda abin ya shafa. Musamman ma, Aidan Duggan, wani malamin addinin kirista ɗan ƙasar Australiya wanda ke koyarwa a Makarantar Carlekemp Priory da ke North Berwick da Fort Augustus Abbey, ya yi wa maza biyar fyaɗe ko cin zarafinsu ta hanyar lalata tsakanin 1953 da 1974. <ref name="guard130729">{{Cite web |last=Mark Daly |date=29 July 2013 |title=Abuse claims at former Catholic boarding school - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-23477335 |access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref> Firist Denis "Chrysostom" Alexander ya ci gaba da cin zarafin ɗalibi sau da yawa. Duk da cewa Alexander ya ce kada a yi hakan, ɗalibin ya shaida wa iyayensa, waɗanda suka kai ƙara ga makarantar, waɗanda ba su sanar da 'yan sanda ba. An mayar da Alexander zuwa ƙasarsa ta asali Ostiraliya, inda daga ƙarshe aka kwace masa ikon firistoci. Shugaban makarantar a wancan lokacin ya ƙi a yi masa hira da shi a shirin BBC, amma ya yi wata sanarwa yana neman afuwa ga wanda aka yi wa fyade da iyalinsa game da cin zarafin da Alexander ya yi masa. <ref name="guard130729" /> Hukumar NSPCC ta yi kira da a gudanar da bincike mai zaman kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mark Daly |date=15 August 2013 |title=Former headmaster resigns over Fort Augustus abuse claims |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-23702661 |access-date=14 March 2016}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, an kama Denis Alexander a [[Sydney]], Ostiraliya, kuma yana fuskantar shari'a kan laifin cin zarafin jima'i da na jiki da aka ruwaito ya aikata a Fort Augustus a shekarun 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-24 |title=Australian Catholic priest accused of abuse at Scottish school arrested in Sydney |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-24/alleged-abusive-priest-arrested-in-sydney/8208706 |access-date=2021-08-03 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, tsohon shugaban makarantar ya bayar da hakuri kan cin zarafin da Alexander ya yi. <ref name="guard130729" /> A shekarar 2019, gwamnatin Ostiraliya ta yanke hukuncin cewa za a iya mayar da shi ƙasar, duk da cewa har yanzu ba a sami amincewar ƙarshe daga Kotun Tarayya ta Ostiraliya ba. A watan Yunin 2021, Alexander ya amsa laifinsa na laifuka biyu na lalata, rashin kunya da kuma lalata ga yara maza biyu tsakanin 1973 da 1976. A watan Mayun 2017, an sami firist Michael "Benedict" Seed, tsohon mai kula da gida, shugaban makaranta kuma malamin sinadarai a Fort Augustus, da laifin kai hari ga wani tsohon ɗalibi a makarantar a shekarun 1970, kuma an gano cewa wasu tuhume-tuhume biyar da aka yi masa ba su tabbata ba daga mafi yawan alkalai. Da yake bayar da shaida ga Kwamitin Binciken Cin Zarafin Yara na Scotland a watan Yulin 2019, Seed ya fuskanci shari'ar amincewa da ya yi wa Bishop Hugh Gilbert a shekarar 2013 game da lalata biyu da yara ƙanana a makarantar. Seed bai sake yin wani tsokaci kan lamarin ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Case Study no. 5 |url=https://www.childabuseinquiry.scot/media/2969/mro-ben-findings-final-4-aug-2021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811113701/https://www.childabuseinquiry.scot/media/2969/mro-ben-findings-final-4-aug-2021.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-11 |publisher=Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry |page=25}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya a matsayin firist na cocin ƙauyen Brora a shekarar 2013 kuma ya mutu sakamakon COVID-19 a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2023 |title=Fr Benedict Seed OSB |url=https://www.corbie.com/obituaries/fr-benedict-seed/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812200014/https://www.corbie.com/obituaries/fr-benedict-seed/ |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> == Binciken Cin Zarafin Yara na Scotland == A watan Agusta na 2021, bayan shekaru biyu na bincike da tattaunawa, Hukumar Binciken Cin Zarafin Yara ta Scotland ta buga sakamakon bincikenta kan Makarantar Fort Augustus Abbey da makarantar shirya abinci ta Carlekemp Priory da ke Arewacin Berwick . <ref name="childabuseinquiry.scot">{{Cite web |title=Case Study no. 5 |url=https://www.childabuseinquiry.scot/media/2969/mro-ben-findings-final-4-aug-2021.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811113701/https://www.childabuseinquiry.scot/media/2969/mro-ben-findings-final-4-aug-2021.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-11 |publisher=Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry}}</ref> Lady Smith ta kammala a cikin rahotonta cewa "Akwai al'adar tashin hankali a makarantun biyu wanda ke tsoratar da yara da yawa." Ta ƙara da cewa: "An ci zarafin yara ta hanyar lalata a CK [Carlekemp] da FA [Fort Augustus] tsawon shekaru da yawa. Duk makarantun biyu sun kasance mafaka ga masu lalata da yara inda suke samun damar zuwa ga waɗanda suka zaɓa," ta kammala da cewa "akwai nau'ikan cin zarafin jima'i, ciki har da jima'i ta baki da luwaɗi." <ref name="childabuseinquiry.scot" /> Dangane da zarge-zargen shekaru da dama na cin zarafin jiki da malaman addini, da kuma tsofaffin ɗalibai suka aikata a makarantun biyu, Lady Smith ta rubuta: "Na gamsu cewa gwamnatocin CK da FA sune inda ake cin zarafin yara maza akai-akai. Tsoffin ɗalibai sun ba wa Binciken hujjoji bayyanannu da sahihanci na misalan wannan cin zarafin. Ya wuce abin da ya kamata a yarda da shi a kowace makaranta ko wurin zama." Ta kammala da cewa "cin zarafi ya yi yawa a makarantun biyu, musamman a FA. Sufaye sun san cewa cin zarafi ya zama ruwan dare. Sun kasa shawo kan cin zarafin; akasin haka, akwai hujjoji bayyanannu da sahihanci cewa ana ƙarfafa cin zarafi. Yanayi da girman cin zarafin jiki ya sa yara da yawa a makarantun ke rayuwa cikin tsoro koyaushe." <ref name="childabuseinquiry.scot" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t99d3dck3o9nr4ivd3jqk1u7yqomplt 0 176568 965891 954102 2026-10-10T17:38:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ellie Victoria Cole''', AM (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1991) 'yar wasan [[Kwallon kwando na keken guragu|ninkaya ce kuma mai buga ƙwallon kwando]] ta Paralympic da ke da ritaya a Ostiraliya. Bayan an yanke mata ƙafa saboda cutar kansa, ta yi horo a fannin ninkaya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirinta na gyaran jiki kuma ta ci gaba da sauri fiye da yadda malamai suka yi hasashe. Ta fara yin ninkaya mai kyau a shekarar 2003 kuma ta fara shiga gasar ninkaya ta duniya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IPC ta 2006, inda ta lashe lambar azurfa. Tun daga lokacin, ta lashe lambobin yabo a gasar ninkaya ta Pan Pacific, [[wasannin Commonwealth]], [[wasannin Paralympic]], gasar ninkaya ta duniya ta IPC, da kuma gasannin kasa daban-daban. Bayan [[2012 Summer Paralympics|gasar Olympics ta Landan ta 2012]], inda ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu da tagulla biyu, Cole ta yi gyare-gyare a kafadu biyu kuma ta yi nasarar komawa yin iyo a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na IPC ta 2015, inda ta lashe lambobin yabo biyar, ciki har da zinare uku. Daga baya ta wakilci Ostiraliya a gasar Paralympics ta Rio de Janeiro ta 2016, wasannin Commonwealth na 2018, da kuma [[Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2020|gasar Paralympics ta Tokyo ta 2020]] . A lokacin da ta lashe lambar yabo ta Paralympic ta goma sha bakwai a Tokyo, Cole ta zama 'yar wasan Paralympic mace mafi kyau a Australia da lambar yabo ta zinare shida, azurfa biyar da tagulla shida daga wasannin Paralympic guda hudu. ==Rayuwar mutum== An haifi Ellie Victoria Cole a Lilydale, Victoria, a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1991.<ref name="power"/> Mahaifiyarta da kakanta duk masu iyo ne<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-23/interview-ellie-cole/4124274|title=Interview: Ellie Cole|work=ABC Radio Grandstand|date=23 July 2012|access-date=21 August 2012}}</ref> sannan mahaifinta ma gwanin wasanni ne.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Ellie Cole |url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/abc1/201208/programs/SP1105H044D2012-08-20T185415.htm|access-date=21 August 2012 |series=Australia's Paralympians |network=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=20 August 2012 |number=44}}</ref><ref name="oam"/> Yayin da take da shekaru biyu a duniya, an gano tana daxe da wani nau'in cutar kansa mai wuya, watau neurosarcoma wanda ya dabaibaye jijiyoyin kafar dama danta.<ref name="power"/> Bayan da aka gaza warkar da kanta da magunguna (chemotherapy), an yanke kafarta ta dama daga sama da gwiwa a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 1994.<ref name="mediaguide">{{cite web|title=Australian Swim Team Media Guide |url=http://swimming.org.au/assets/console/document/documents/IPC_MediaGuide_LR.pdf |publisher=Telstra Dolphins |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718011853/http://www.swimming.org.au/assets/console/document/documents/IPC_MediaGuide_LR.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref> Makonni takwas bayan tiyatar, a matsayin wani bangare na jiyya da dawo da lafiya, mahaifiyarta Jenny ta yi mata rajista a darasin koyon iyo. Malaman Cole sun tsammaci za ta dauki kusan shekara guda tana koyon yadda za ta yi iyo madaidaici, amma ta koyi hakan a cikin mako biyu kacal.<ref name=APC>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org.au/team/ellie-cole|title=Ellie Cole|publisher=Australian Paralympic Committee|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfU3dpbW1pbmclMkZTcXVhZCUyRlByb2ZpbGUlMkZBdGhsZXRlJTJGRGV0YWlsJTJGRWxsaWVfX0NvbGUmYWxsPTE%3D |title=Athlete Spotlight: AIS Paralympic Swimming – Ellie Cole |access-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411155327/http://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/sports/athlete_spotlight?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZtYXRyaXh0dW5uZWwuYXVzcG9ydC5nb3YuYXUlMkZTcG9ydCUyRlBhcmFseW1waWNfU3dpbW1pbmclMkZTcXVhZCUyRlByb2ZpbGUlMkZBdGhsZXRlJTJGRGV0YWlsJTJGRWxsaWVfX0NvbGUmYWxsPTE%3D |archive-date=11 April 2013 }}</ref> Cole ta halarci makarantar Firamare ta Mount Eliza North da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Frankston, dukansu a Frankston da ke wajen birnin Melbourne.<ref name=frankstoncouncil>{{cite web|url=http://www.frankston.vic.gov.au/Arts_Culture_and_Heritage/Frankstons_Hall_of_Fame/Hall_of_Fame_Inductees_2010/Ellie_Cole/index.aspx |access-date=26 May 2012 |title=Ellie Cole |publisher=City of Frankston |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512061052/http://www.frankston.vic.gov.au/Arts_Culture_and_Heritage/Frankstons_Hall_of_Fame/Hall_of_Fame_Inductees_2010/Ellie_Cole/index.aspx |archive-date=12 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="edvic">{{cite web|url=http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/news/newsalerts/2009/sportsawards.htm |title=Sporting Achievement Celebrated at the MCG |publisher=Department of Education and Early Childhood Development |date=23 March 2009 |access-date=28 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320121010/http://www.education.vic.gov.au/about/news/newsalerts/2009/sportsawards.htm |archive-date=20 March 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://secure.ausport.gov.au/asc_internet/news/ais_news/story_485444_video_available_100_days_to_go_to_the_london_paralympics |archive-url=https://arhive.today/20121127043836/https://secure.ausport.gov.au/asc_internet/news/ais_news/story_485444_video_available_100_days_to_go_to_the_london_paralympics |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 November 2012 |title=Video available: 100 days to go to the London Paralympics |publisher=Australian Sports Commission |date=21 May 2012 |access-date=1 September 2012 }}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, tana da zama a Sydney kuma tana horo a Kungiyar Iyo ta Knox Pymble. Ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Lafiya da Motsa Jiki a Jami'ar Katolika ta Ostireliya. Cole tana tare da abokiyar zamanta Silvia Scognamiglio. Sun hadu ne a London yayin Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2012 kuma suna da xiya xaya, namiji da aka haifa a Fabrairu 2024.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abi|first=Jo|title=Aussie Paralympian Ellie Cole discusses the challenges she has faced ahead of Tokyo|url=https://honey.nine.com.au/latest/ellie-cole-paralympian-tokyo-interview/fa9eaeec-6828-4f79-98e3-26f71e2af4da|date=13 July 2021|website=9Honey|publisher=Nine Entertainment Co.|access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="Family">{{cite web|last=Scorer|first=Olga|title=Meet Paralympic Champion and I'm A Celebrity Star Ellie Cole's Family|url=https://www.who.com.au/ellie-cole-family|date=28 March 2024|website=Who|publisher=Are Media|access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref> Cole ta fito a cikin shirin fim din Rising Phoenix na shekara ta 2020 a Netflix, wanda ya maida hankali kan Gasar Paralympics. Sannan tana daga cikin masu yakin neman 'yancin #WeThe15, wata kungiya ta duniya da ke kare hakkin gurgaye da masu bukata ta musamman.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-18|title=Swimming superstar Ellie Cole on diversity, accessibility and bringing people joy|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/aug/19/swimming-superstar-ellie-cole-on-diversity-accessibility-and-bringing-people-joy|access-date=2021-09-03|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Cole ta sanar da yi murabus dinta daga harkar iyo a gasar Duel in the Pool ta Agusta 2022.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/swimmer-ellie-cole-ready-to-farewell-sport-at-the-commonwealth-games-and-take-the-lead-in-creating-a-more-inclusive-society/ar-AAZTwsy | title=Swimmer Ellie Cole ready to farewell sport at the Commonwealth Games and take the lead in creating a more inclusive society | website=MSN }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Helmers |first=Caden |date=2022-08-18 |title=Cole set for a 'fairytale ending' at Duel in the Pool |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/cole-set-for-a-fairytale-ending-at-duel-in-the-pool-20220818-p5bata.html |access-date=2022-10-13 |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce babbar manaja ta kungiyar Ostireliya a Gasar Matasa ta Commonwealth ta 2023. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2024, an nada Cole a Hukumar Paralympics ta Ostireliya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New PA Directors Join Green And Gold Runway To Brisbane Via Paris {{!}} Paralympics Australia|url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2024/04/new-pa-directors-join-green-and-gold-runway-to-brisbane-via-paris/|date=1 April 2024|website=www.paralympic.org.au|access-date=5 April 2024|language=en-AU}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, ta kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan kakar karo ta goma na shirin talabijin din I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=24 March 2024 |title=I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out Of Here! 2024: Meet the cast |url=https://www.mediaweek.com.au/im-a-celebrity-get-me-out-of-here-2024-meet-the-cast/ |access-date=24 March 2024 |magazine=Mediaweek |language=en-AU}}</ref> Cole ta kasance mai gabatar da shirin talabijin a Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2024 a Paris.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-05-20 |title=Nine Confirms Paralympic Legends To Lead Paris 2024 Coverage |url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2024/05/nine-confirms-paralympic-legends-to-lead-paris-2024-coverage/ |access-date=2025-10-23 |website=Paralympics Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> ==Iyo== An sanya Cole a cikin rukunin S9 a harkar iyo saboda yanke kafarta da aka yi, rukunin da ya kunshi 'yan iyo wadanda ke da matsalar haxin gwiwa a kafa xaya da kuma wadanda aka yanke wa kafa biyu ta kasan gwiwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Swimming/RulesandRegulations/Classification|title=Swimming – Rules & Regulations – Classification|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref> Ta fara iyon gaba a shekara ta 2003 kuma, a Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta 2006 a Durban, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar maza ta iyo ta baya ta mita 100 ta mata a rukunin S9.<ref name="APC"/> Haka kuma a shekara ta 2006, Cole ta lashe gasar iyo ta baya ta mita 100 a Gasar Iyo ta Telstra ta Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Telstra Australian Swimming Championships |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=SwimMeets&MeetID=7567 |publisher=Swimming Australia |access-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626233110/http://www.swimming.org.au/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=SwimMeets&MeetID=7567 |archive-date=26 June 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta samu shiga Kungiyar Iyo ta Paralympics ta Ostireliya a shekara ta 2008 kuma, a shekarar, ta halarci Gasar Paralympics ta Lokacin Rani ta 2008 a Beijing inda ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar iyon malam buxaxe ta mita 100 ta mata a rukunin S9 da kuma lambobin tagulla a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci ta mita 400 da ta iyon baya ta mita 100.<ref name="IPC">{{cite web |url=https://www.paralympic.org/ellie-cole |title=Ellie Cole |website=Paralympic.org |publisher=International Paralympic Committee |access-date=6 October 2012}}</ref> [[File:Ellie Cole.jpg|thumb|left|Cole bayan lokacin horo a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya]] A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2009, Cole ta shiga gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 ga masu bukata ta musamman a Gasar Iyo ta Takaitaccen Raga ta Ostireliya ta 2009 a Hobart, inda ta kafa sabon tarihin duniya da tsawon lokaci na 1:04:06.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://swimming.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=9177 |title=World record hat-trick in Hobart |publisher=Swimming Australia |date=15 October 2009 |access-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529212127/http://swimming.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=9177 |archive-date=29 May 2012 }}</ref> Wannan gasar ita ce zakaran gwajin dafin shiga Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC, karkashin jagorancin FINA, hukumar duniya ta harkar iyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipc-swimming.org/export/sites/ipc_sports_swimming/IPC_Swimming_Summit/Australia_IPC_SWIMMING_SUMMIT_09.pdf|title=IPC SWIMMING SUMMIT 2009|publisher=Swimming Australia|access-date=30 June 2012}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar, Cole ta halarci Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta Mita 25 ta 2009 a Rio de Janeiro, inda ta lashe lambobin tagulla a iyon baya na mita 100, iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400, iyon gudun tsawa na mita 4 × 100 na salo na 'yanci da kuma iyon gauraye na mita 200 na mutum xaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swimming.org.au/profiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile&ProfileID=1755588 |title=Ellie Cole |publisher=Swimming Australia |access-date=30 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627010632/http://www.swimming.org.au/profiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=Profile&ProfileID=1755588 |archive-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010 a Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC a Eindhoven, Holan, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a gasar iyon gauraye na mita 200 na mata da kuma iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400 a rukunin S9.<ref name="mediaguide"/> A shekarar dai, ta lashe lambobin tagulla a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9 da iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9 a Gasar Commonwealth ta 2010 a New Delhi.<ref name="commonwealth">{{cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/commonwealth/2010/results-swimming |title=2010 Commonwealth Games Results: SWIMMING |publisher=SuperSport |date=16 October 2010 |access-date=29 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318072105/http://www.supersport.com/commonwealth/2010/results-swimming |archive-date=18 March 2012 }}</ref> A Gasar Iyo ta Pan Pacific ta 2011 a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada, ta lashe jimillar lambobin zinare guda shida, bayan ta yi nasara a gasannin mata na salo na 'yanci na mita 50, salo na 'yanci na mita 100, salo na 'yanci na mita 400, malam buxaxe na mita 100, iyo ta baya na mita 100 da kuma iyon gauraye na mita 200 na rukunin S9.<ref name="IPCMonth">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/athlete-month/ellie-cole-athlete-month-august-2011|title=Ellie Cole – Athlete of the Month August 2011|date=August 2011|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|access-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> Cole ta kuma halarci gasannin xai-xaiku na kasa kamar Gasar Iyo ta Shekaru Daban-daban ta Ostireliya da Gasar Buxi ta Jihar New South Wales. Waccan gasar farko ana yin ta ne a Canberra a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya don shirya gwanayen 'yan iyo don gasannin kasa da kasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Victoria's Multi Class Swimmers Head to Canberra |url=http://www.swimmingvictoria.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=21182 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023052021/http://www.swimmingvictoria.org.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=NewsItem&NewsID=21182 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2011 |publisher=Swimming Victoria |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Bayan nan ta halarci Gasar Buxi ta Jihar New South Wales ta 2012 a gasanni daban-daban.<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia's elite set to compete at NSW State Open Championships |url=http://www.richmondswimclub.com.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_main&NewsID=23386&OrgID=2306 |archive-url=https://arrchive.today/20121231042651/http://www.richmondswimclub.com.au/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_main&NewsID=23386&OrgID=2306 |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2012 |publisher=Richmond Swimming Club |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta kasance mai samun gurbin karatu a Cibiyar Wasanni ta Ostireliya.<ref name=cbr-times-11>{{cite news|newspaper=Canberra Times|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory|date=26 November 2011|title=Canberrans Chase Olympic Dreams|first=Chris|last=Dutton|pages=Sports 10–12}}</ref> Kocin nata, Graeme Carroll, ya horar da ita a Canberra domin shirin Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012 tare da tsarin da ya haxa horon iyo da motsa jiki na arobi da dakin motsa jiki.<ref name=cbr-times-11 /> Ta yi horo tare da Teigan Van Roosmalen, wata 'yar iyo mai bukata ta musamman ta bangaren gani da ji ta rukunin S13.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cole takes Aussies to six gold in Edmonton |publisher=Swimming Australia |date=11 August 2011 |url=http://vicentre.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=16145&id=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531075120/http://vicentre.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=16145&id=2 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref> Cole tana kuma ba matasa 'yan wasa shawara da horo.<ref name=frankstoncouncil /> Yayinda ba ta a sakandare, Cole tana yin lokutan horon iyo goma ko fiye a mako guda, amma yayin da take makaranta, ta rage nauyin aikin.<ref name="power">{{cite news|last=Power|first=Emily|title=Ellie shrugs off VCE pressure|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/ellie-shrugs-off-vce-pressure/story-e6frf7kx-1225796696374|newspaper=The Herald Sun|date=11 November 2009|access-date=27 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Triple gold for TigerShark |url=http://www.starnewsgroup.com.au/news/berwick/203/story/77961.html |archive-url=https://archiive.today/20121230200107/http://www.starnewsgroup.com.au/news/berwick/203/story/77961.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2012 |newspaper=News Berwick |access-date=27 June 2012 }}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2021, kocinta shi ne Nick Dobson. A Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012, Cole ta shiga gasanni takwas kuma ta lashe lambobin yabo guda shida.<ref name="IPC"/> A gasarta ta farko, iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9, ta kare a matsayi na hudu, yayin da Natalie du Toit ta Afirka ta Kudu ta zo ta xaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-butterfly-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220611652 |title=Women's 100m Butterfly – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915183100/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-butterfly-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220611652 |archive-date=15 September 2012 }}</ref> Sai dai a dare na gaba, Cole ta lashe gasar iyon baya na mita 100 na S9, inda ta lashe lambarta ta farko ta zinare a gasar tare da kafa sabon tarihin Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-backstroke-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220701654 |title=Women's 100m Backstroke – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915183118/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-backstroke-s9/index.html?v=20120908-220701654 |archive-date=15 September 2012 }}</ref> Ta shaida wa 'yan jarida cewa "burina ne tun ina xan shekara 12 in kayar da Natalie du Toit" wadda ta kasance "kamar Michael Phelps na harkar iyo gare ni, ta kasance babbar jagora kuma tana kwantar min da hankali a dakin shiri. Ita ce jarumar da na fi burgewa."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/in-depth/ellie-cole-triumphs-over-hero-natalie-du-toit/story-fnf990ez-1226462943462 |title=Ellie Cole triumphs over 'hero' Natalie du Toit|newspaper=The Australian |date=1 September 2012 |last=Wald |first=Tom |access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambar zinare ta biyu a iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, a wannan karon tare da kafa tarihin duniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |title=Women's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay – 34pts |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133131/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-freestyle-relay-34-points/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> A gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400 na S9, du Toit ta sake doke ita Cole din, inda ta kare a matsayin ta xaya, yayin da Cole ta samu lambar tagulla.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-400m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 400m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914134014/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-400m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambar tagulla ta biyu a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na S9, inda du Toit ta kare a matsayi na bakwai,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-50m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 50m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914125739/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-50m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> sannan ta samu zinare a iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9, inda du Toit ta kare a matsayi na uku.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s9/index.html |title=Women's 100m Freestyle – S9 |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914135450/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-100m-freestyle-s9/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref> Cole ta kammala gasar, ta hanyar ba kowa mamaki har da kanta da lambar zinare ta hudu, a gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, a wannan karon ma tare da kafa sabon tarihin Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |title=Women's 4 x 100 metre medley relay – 34pts |publisher=Official site of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games |access-date=15 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914133156/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/swimming/event/women-4x100m-medley-relay-34-points/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Canberra Times |url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/cole-shocks-herself-with-one-last-victory-20120908-25l5k.html |title=Cole shocks herself with one last victory |date=9 September 2012 |access-date=15 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080356/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/cole-shocks-herself-with-one-last-victory-20120908-25l5k.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:070908 - Cole and Williams embrace - 3b - crop.jpg|thumb|left|Cole da Annabelle Williams suna rungumar juna a karshen gasar karshe ta iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 na S9 a Gasar Paralympics ta Beijing ta 2008]] Bayan Gasar Paralympics ta London, ta yi tiyatar kafada har sau biyu wadda ta yi barazana ga sana'arta ta iyo.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Polkinghorne|first1=David|title=Paralympic swimmer Ellie Cole sets two world records on way to world championship gold|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/paralympic-swimmer-ellie-cole-sets-two-world-records-on-way-to-world-championship-gold-20150713-gibm73.html|access-date=9 April 2016|work=Sydney Morning Herald|date=14 July 2015}}</ref> A Gasar Iyo ta Duniya ta IPC ta 2015, ta lashe lambobin zinare a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 inda ta karya tarihin duniya a gaba-da-fito da kuma wasan karshe, gasar mata ta salo na 'yanci na mita 100 na S9 da kuma gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mita 4 x 100 ta salo na 'yanci maki 34, lambar azurfa a iyon gudun tsawa ta gauraye ta mata ta mita 4 × 100 da lambar tagulla a gasar mata ta salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na S9.<ref name=2015day1>{{cite web|title=Ellie's world record double in golden start for Dolphins in Glasgow |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76618&id=2 |website=Swimming Australia News |date=14 July 2015 |access-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714080307/http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76618&id=2 |archive-date=14 July 2015 }}</ref><ref name="2015 results">{{cite web|title=World record for 13-year-old Tiffany Thomas-Kane as Dolphins light up the pool in Glasgow 15 July |url=http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76725&id=2 |website=Swimming Australia News |date=15 July 2015 |access-date=16 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716062635/http://www.swimming.org.au/article.php?group_id=76725&id=2 |archive-date=16 July 2015 }}</ref><ref name=dayfour>{{cite web|title=Six golds and one world record for Ukraine at Glasgow 2015|url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/six-golds-and-one-world-record-ukraine-glasgow-2015|website=International Paralympic Committee News|date=16 July 2015|access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref> Cole ta zama 'yar iyo ta farko a rukunin S9 da ta ratsa dakika 29 a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 yayin da ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Iyo ta Ostireliya ta 2016 a Adelaide a gasar iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 50 na rukuni daban-daban. Lokacinta na sakandakaki 28.75 ya karya tarihin duniya na Natalie du Toit mai xakika 29.04.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cole breaks du Toit's 50m freestyle world record|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/cole-breaks-du-toit-s-50m-freestyle-world-record|website=International Paralympic Committee News|date=8 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> A Gasar Paralympics ta Rio ta 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=Swimming Australia Paralympic Squad Announcement|url=http://www.swimming.org.au/NewsCentral/Swimming-Australia-Paralympic-Squad-Announcement.aspx|website=Swimming Australia News|date=13 April 2016|access-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113144330/http://www.swimming.org.au/NewsCentral/Swimming-Australia-Paralympic-Squad-Announcement.aspx|archive-date=13 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cole ta lashe lambobin zinare guda biyu a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 da iyon gudun tsawa ta mata ta mita 4 x 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34, lambobin azurfa guda uku a iyon mata ta mita 50 da mita 400 na salo na 'yanci na S9, iyon gudun tsawa ta gauraye ta mata ta mita 4 x 100 maki 34 da kuma lambar tagulla a iyon mata ta mita 100 na salo na 'yanci na S9.<ref name="rio">{{cite web|title=Ellie Cole |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/ellie-cole |website=Rio Paralympics Official site |access-date=13 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922202313/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/athlete/ellie-cole |archive-date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> Cole tare da Maddison Elliott, Lakeisha Patterson da Ashleigh McConnell<ref>{{cite web|title=Medalists - 4x100m Freestyle - 34 Points|url=https://assetrio2016.azureedge.net/_odf-documents/s/w/SWW712000_Medallists_2016_09_15_4a255793_224b_486a_87ae_d1dd73de27a3.pdf|website=Rio Official Results 2016|publisher=Rio 2016 Paralympics|access-date=30 September 2016|archive-date=3 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003075733/https://assetrio2016.azureedge.net/_odf-documents/s/w/SWW712000_Medallists_2016_09_15_4a255793_224b_486a_87ae_d1dd73de27a3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> sun karya tarihin duniya a gasar iyon gudun tsawa ta mata ta mita 4 × 100 na salo na 'yanci maki 34 tare da lokaci na 4:16.65.<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay - 34 Points |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/swimming-womens-4x100m-free-34pts-final |website=Rio Official Results 2016 |publisher=Rio 2016 Paralympics |access-date=30 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922231140/https://www.rio2016.com/en/paralympics/swimming-womens-4x100m-free-34pts-final |archive-date=22 September 2016 }}</ref> Cole ta fuskanci lokaci mai wahala a matakai na tunkarar Gasar Paralympics ta Rio. Ta ce "Har yanzu ina sa-in-sa kan ko na cancanci kasancewa a can wajen – kuma na san na cancanta, amma yana da ban mamaki cewa har bayan xunbun horon tunani na wasanni da na samu, wadannan tunane-tunanen suna shigowa su karya maka gwiwa... Yawanci 'yan wasan da ke lashe nasara sune wadanda za su iya ture wadancan tunane-tunanen a gefe, su shaida wa kansu cewa suna da kyakkyawan damar samun nasara."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Warren |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/parramatta/rio-2016-paralympics-granville-swimmer-ellie-cole-wins-two-gold-medals/news-story/c56783bb28c4918b23bda4c976308920|title=Rio 2016 Paralympics: Granville swimmer Ellie Cole wins two gold medals|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> Sannan Cole ta ture wadannan tunane-tunanen a gefe guda ta je ta lashe lambobin yabo 6 a Rio. A Gasar Iyo ta Para ta Duniya ta 2019 a London, ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mata ta iyon baya na mita 100 na S9 da lambar tagulla a iyon mata na mita 400 na salo na 'yanci na S9.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ellie Cole|url=https://www.swimming.org.au/athletes/ellie-cole|url-status=bot: unknown|access-date=22 June 2021|website=Swimming Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613130704/https://www.swimming.org.au/athletes/ellie-cole|archive-date=13 June 2021}}</ref> ==Wasan kwallon kwando na guragu== [[File:Del Toso, Adams and Cole.JPG|thumb|Cole (dama) tare da 'yan wasan kwallon kwando na guragu na Victoria [[Leanne Del Toso]] (hagu) da Mel Adams (lamba 15)|260x260px]] Cole ta buga [[wheelchair basketball|kwallon kwando na guragu]] ga kungiyar Victoria a [[Women's National Wheelchair Basketball League|Ligar Kwallon Kwando na Guragu na Mata ta Kasa]] a shekarar 2013 da 2014 a matsayin [[4 point player|mai maki 4.0]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=1-6734-0-0-0&sID=119018&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=23837980 |title=Team Preview: Victoria – Women's National Wheelchair Basketball League |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |date=2 May 2014 |first=Joel |last=Mackenzie |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/team_info.cgi?c=1-6734-84471-314242-21040134&a=PLAYERS |title=2014 WNWBL Team Rosters |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> inda ta lashe kyautar Sabuwar Gwanar da ta Fi Yawa a ligar a shekara ta 2013.<ref name="Best New Talent">{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsportspulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-6734-0-0-0&sID=126313&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=15953337 |publisher=Fox Sports Pulse |title=Best New Talent |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> "Na so yin aiki a matsayin kungiya saboda ba a daukar iyo a matsayin wasan kungiya ba," Cole ta shaida wa wani mai tambayoyi a shekarar 2013. "Tabbas ina son sabon kalubale, idan ka kasance kana yin gasa tsawon shekaru goma, karin cigaban da kake samu kan kasance kalilan ne. Sai dai kuma, a kwallon kwando na guragu na san cewa zan iya samun manyan cigaba. An zabe ni a kungiyar mata ta ligar kasa, wanda hakan yana da kyau, don haka a hakikance ina samun nasara, wanda hakan abin mamaki ne. Amma zuciyata tabbas tana harkar iyo kuma ina tsammanin za ta ci gaba da kasancewa a can."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/swimming/whole-new-ball-game-for-cole-20130430-2ir2h.html#ixzz47FuMkGOh |newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |title=Whole new ball game for Cole |date=1 May 2013 |first=Stathi |last=Paxinos |access-date=30 April 2016 }}</ref> ==Azo da ganowa== Yayin zamanta a [[Frankston High School|Makaranta Sakandare ta Frankston]], Cole ta karbi kyautar Debbie Flintoff-King saboda mafi sharaɗar nasarar wasanni daga cibiyar har sau uku a jere; an kuma zabe ta don kyautar Zakaran Paralympics na Matasa na Shekara.<ref name=APC /> Ta sami kyautar ne saboda lashe lambar azurfa guda xaya da lambobin tagulla guda biyu a Gasar Paralympics ta Beijing, azurfa a iyon malam buxaxe na mita 100 da tagulla a iyon baya na mita 100 da iyon salo na 'yanci na mita 400. A shekarar 2009, ta karbi Kyautar Mafi Sharaɗar Nasarar Wasanni daga [[Department of Education and Early Childhood Development|Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Cigaban Yarinta]].<ref name="edvic"/> A shekara ta 2011, an zabi Cole don kyautar Sport Performer Award ta jaridar ''[[The Age]]'' a rukunin Mai Gwarzon da ke da Bukata ta Musamman.<ref name="sport-performer2">{{cite web|access-date=15 November 2011 |url=http://www.performerawards.com.au/2011-performer-awards/2011-nominees#twoj_fragment1-5 |title=2011 Nominees |publisher=Sport Performer Awards |location=Melbourne, Victoria |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116190204/http://www.performerawards.com.au/2011-performer-awards/2011-nominees |archive-date=16 November 2011 }}</ref> A watan Agusta 2011, an zabe ta a matsayin Gwarzon Dan Wasa na Watan na [[International Paralympic Committee|Kwamitin Paralympics na Duniya]] bayan ta lashe lambobin zinare guda shida a Edmonton.<ref name="IPCMonth" /> An ba ta lambar yabo ta [[Medal of the Order of Australia]] a cikin [[Australia Day Honours|Jerin Girmamawa na Ranar Ostireliya na 2014]] "saboda hidima ga wasanni a matsayin mai lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Paralympics ta London ta 2012."<ref name="oam">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]] |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/australia-day-honours-list-2014-in-full/story-fni0cx12-1226808786064|title=Australia Day honours list 2014: in full |date=26 January 2014 |access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2015, an ba ta kyautar Gwarzuwar Maza da Mata ta Shekara ta 2015 ta Mujallar [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Meet Cosmo's 2015 Sportswoman of the year, Ellie Cole!|journal=Cosmopolitan|date=18 November 2015|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com.au/celebrity/fun-fearless-female-2015/news/2015/11/cosmopolitans-sportswoman-of-the-year/|access-date=30 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141737/http://www.cosmopolitan.com.au/celebrity/fun-fearless-female-2015/news/2015/11/cosmopolitans-sportswoman-of-the-year/|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cole ita ce mai xaukar tuta ga Ostireliya a Bikin Rufe [[2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games|Gasar Paralympics ta Tokyo ta 2020]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2021|title=Para-Swimming Great To Carry Australian Flag At Tokyo 2020 Farewell|url=https://www.paralympic.org.au/2021/09/para-swimming-great-to-carry-australian-flag-at-tokyo-2020-farewell/|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2021|website=Paralympics Australia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904073518/https://www.paralympic.org.au/2021/09/para-swimming-great-to-carry-australian-flag-at-tokyo-2020-farewell/ |archive-date=4 September 2021 }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an ba ta kyautar Matar da ta Fi Fice a Harkar Wasanni a [[Australian Women's Health Sport Awards|Kyaututtukan Mata a Harkar Wasanni na Ostireliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2022 |title=Madison de Rozario wins women in sport's top award, Lauren Jackson inducted into hall of fame |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-17/madison-de-rozario-wins-women-in-sport-award/101541566 |access-date=17 October 2022 |website=ABC Sport}}</ref> An kara daukaka matsayinta zuwa [[Order of Australia|Dan Majalisar Order of Australia]] a cikin [[2024 Australia Day Honours|Jerin Girmamawa na Ranar Ostireliya na 2024]] saboda "muhiyyar hidimarta ga wasanni a matsayin mai fafutukar daidaito da shigar da kowa."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Ellie Victoria Cole OAM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/3016955 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=Australian Honours Search Facility}}</ref> An ba ta Kyautar Tauraruwa mai Tasowa a Kyaututtukan Kafofin Yada Labarai na [[Australian Sports Commission Media Awards|Hukumar Wasanni ta Ostireliya]] na shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commission |first=Australian Sports Commission; jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia; corporateName=Australian Sports |title=Margie McDonald honoured with Lifetime Achievement Award |url=https://www.sportaus.gov.au/media-centre/news/margie-mcdonald-honoured-with-lifetime-achievement-award |access-date=2025-02-20 |website=Australian Sports Commission |language=English}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 0jel4get42yca6dzre38603lo48rjsz 0 176577 966067 954115 2026-10-11T06:36:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Burbushin babban gidan sarautar '''Duchal''' yana da nisan mil 1.5 kudu maso yammacin Kilmacolm a yankin majalisar Inverclyde da kuma gundumar tarihi ta Renfrewshire a yammacin tsakiyar yankin Lowlands na [[Scotland]] . Gidan sarautar yana tsaye a ƙasan kwarin Kogin Gryfe a wani yanki da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar Blacketty da Green Waters waɗanda ke da haɗin kai a bayan kwaruruka biyu masu zurfi. == Tarihi == [[File:Duchal_Castle_glen_&_the_Burnbank_Water,_Duchal_Bridge_area,_Kilmacolm.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Kwarin Burnbank Burn.]] An yi amfani da gidan sarautar tun ƙarni na 12 ta hannun dangin Lyle, L'Isle, Lyell ko Insula. Da alama ba zai yiwu su kasance daga cikin dangin Lisle waɗanda suka fara zama a Northumberland ba. An rubuta Ralph de Insula na Duchal a zamanin mulkin Alexander II (1198 - 1249) kuma wataƙila ya gina gidan sarauta na farko a nan. A tsakiyar karni na 15, James II ya ba wa Lord Lyle girma, kuma magaji, Sir Robert Lyle ya zama Babban Alkali kuma Kansila na James III . Lord Lyle ya mutu a shekara ta 1470 kuma magajinsa ya auri Alexander Lyle na Craigbate. A shekara ta 1513, James na Huɗu da ɗansa na asali James (duba ƙasa), Archbishop na St Andrews, dukkansu sun mutu a Yaƙin Flodden . <ref name="Mason10" /> Lakabin Ubangiji Lyle ya koma ga zuriyar Sir Neil Montgomerie na Lainshaw kusa da Stewarton wanda ya auri Jean, 'yar Lord Lyle ta 4. Ana samun shaidar tsohuwar kotun baronial ta feudal a cikin wurin da ake kira ' Moothill ' wanda ke kusa da East Green a cikin Atlas na Scotland na John Thomson, 1832. <ref name="NLS">{{Cite web |title=John Thomson's Atlas of Scotland, 1832 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400165 |access-date=2 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702233358/https://maps.nls.uk/view/74400165 |archive-date=2 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana rubuta sunan 'Duchal' a matsayin 'Duchall' a kan tsoffin taswirori, da sauransu. === Kare da kuma tarihin da ya biyo baya === [[File:Duchal_Castle,_curtain_wall,_Burnbank_Water_side.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px| Wani sashe na bangon labule a gefen Ruwa Mai Kore.]] Robert Lyle, Lord Lyle na 2, ya yi yaƙi da sarki a Yaƙin Sauchieburn a 1488 kuma a 1489 ya goyi bayan tawayen Lennox wanda ya haifar da James IV ya kewaye Duchal, wanda Earl na Lennox ya tsare a 1488, al'adar gida ta yi iƙirarin cewa an yi amfani da Mons Meg kamar yadda aka yi a Crookston Castle da Dumbarton Castle . An kuma yi amfani da bindiga ta biyu kuma aka san wannan da suna 'Duchal'. <ref name="stravaiging7">{{Cite web |title=Duchal Castle |url=http://www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/duchal-castle |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Sarkin da kansa ya halarci kawanya a wani lokaci kuma an san cewa 'yan fashin teku na Holland guda tara sun yi aikin sa kai a madadin ratayewa. <ref name="Survey">{{Cite web |title=Duchal Castle: An Initial Survey |url=http://rlhf.info/wp-content/uploads/5.4-Duchal-Alexander.pdf |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Dole ne sheriffs su samar da shanu don jigilar bindigogi zuwa Duchal, sarki kuma ya samu a Paisley wanda ya zo gidan sarauta da mashi da kulki. Kawancen ya ɗauki kwanaki kaɗan kawai. An kwace filayen Duchal, an gyara gidan sarautar kuma an riƙe shi na ɗan lokaci ta hannun Robert Cunningham, Lord Kilmaurs na 2 da kuma Earl na 2 na Glencairn, <ref name="stravaiging7" /> duk da haka Sir Robert ya sami nasarar komawa ga yardar sarki har ma ya zama Babban Alkali a karo na biyu a 1492. A shekara ta 1544, Fadar Duchal ta koma hannun John Porterfield na Porterfield ta hanyar siyanta bayan mutuwar John de Lyle, Lord Lyle na 3. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> Jean Knox na Ranfurly, ta yi ritaya zuwa tsohuwar mazauninta na Porterfield a shekara ta 1575 bayan mutuwar mijinta, daga baya kuma iyalan suka yi amfani da kadarorin a matsayin gidan dower. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> Duchal ya mika wa Lord Melfort ta hanyar kyautar Crown, amma an mayar da shi zuwa Porterfields na wannan Ilk. A shekara ta 1578, an kai wa Duchal hari aka kuma ƙone shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikicin iyali daga James Cunningham, Shugaban Glencairn (wanda daga baya ya zama Earl na 7 na Glencairn), ya kai hari kuma ya ƙone Gidan Duchal a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikicin tsakanin Cunninghams da Porterfields. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> Da alama an gyara lalacewar domin gidan sarautar ya ci gaba da amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci bayan haka. An rubuta cewa Gidan Duchal a shekarar 1701 ya lalace, kuma an ce Catherine Boyd, matar Alexander Porterfield, ta gina Gidan Duchal yayin da matarsa, 'yar Earl na Kilmarnock, ta ɗauki tsohon gidan sarautar da ke cikin dazuzzukan a matsayin mai sanyi, danshi kuma bai dace da rayuwa mai daɗi ba. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> An lalata Duchal zuwa wani babban kango a shekarar 1782, amma rijiyar jan hankali ta gidan sarauta (slop shute ko garderobe) da kuma gadar ja sun tsira. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> A hankali fadar ta fara raguwa a muhimmanci har sai da iyalin suka sake komawa wurin da aka gina 'Sabon Duchal'. An rubuta cewa an gano ƙasusuwan mutane da yawa a wani babban gida yayin rushe katangar da aka yi watsi da ita yanzu. An gina gidan bazara a kan Kogin Gryfe ta amfani da duwatsun da aka sake yin amfani da su daga tsoffin katanga <ref name="stravaiging7" /> kuma ragowar ginin murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu tsakanin bangon ciki da na waje na iya zama ragowar wannan ginin. <ref name="Survey3">{{Cite web |title=Duchal Castle: An Initial Survey |url=http://rlhf.info/wp-content/uploads/5.4-Duchal-Alexander.pdf |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> == Marion Boyd da Alexander Stewart == James na Huɗu ya riƙa ziyartar ɗaya daga cikin matan gidansa, Marion Boyd na Bonshaw a Duchal, yana da ɗa, Alexander Stewart, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1497 a gidan sarauta. A wata ziyara daga Glasgow a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1497, sarki ya ba da umarnin a bar wa Marion da ɗansa kuɗi, a ba su shilling goma sha takwas " ''ga noris ɗin da ke renon Marioun Boydis barne da kuma goma sha huɗu ga harper.'' " Daga baya ta auri John Mure na Rowallan Castle . Sarki ya yi bikin cika shekaru ashirin da biyar a Duchal a ranar 17 ga Maris 1498 kuma ya kafa Dokar ko sokewa a nan. <ref name="Survey1">{{Cite web |title=Duchal Castle: An Initial Survey |url=http://rlhf.info/wp-content/uploads/5.4-Duchal-Alexander.pdf |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> == Bayani == [[File:Duchal_Castle,_curtain_wall,_waste_shute,_well,_etc._Exterior_view.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Rijiyar/ƙofar shute/garderobe/ƙofar bango daga Kogon Ruwa Mai Kore.]] Bangon labulen gidan sarautar yana bin gefen yankin da aka ɗaga sama tare da ci gaba da faɗuwa a tsaye kuma galibi yana faɗuwa cikin kwaruruka a kowane gefe. Farfajiyar tana da faɗi sosai kuma an raba ta zuwa bango na ciki da na waje. A ƙarshen yamma na wurin, wani rami mai zurfi da aka ketare ta gadar da ke da ƙofar shiga ya taimaka wajen kare hanyar shiga matakin ƙasa daga abin da yanzu ya zama ƙaramin layin ƙasa, wasu alamun wannan ramin sun tsira. A gefen arewa maso gabas akwai wani babban rijiyar dutse da aka yi wa ado (a kula idan za a ziyarta), slop shoot ko garderobe yana ba da damar shiga kwarin Burnbank Burn kuma yana nuna shaidar raguwar girmansa a matsayin wani mataki saboda dalilai na tsaro (Duba hoto). Wannan fasalin yana iya kasancewa ƙofar talla ce mai matakai ƙasa. Ana iya ganin madaukai biyu ko uku masu faɗi na ƙarni na 16 a bangon farfajiyar. Kauri daga bangon labule yana nuna cewa an yi shi ne a ƙarni na 13. A gefen kudu maso gabas, wanda ke kallon zurfin kwarin Blacketty Burn, akwai wani dutse mai tsayin kusan 20.&nbsp;ƙafa sama da benen farfajiyar tare da harsashin gini da ake iya gani kuma wannan shine wurin da aka gina gidan, wataƙila ginin da aka gina daga baya na ƙarni na 14 ko 15, amma kaɗan ne ya rage don tabbatar da hakan. Babban ƙofar shiga da ƙofar shiga suna kusurwar arewa maso yamma kuma akwai ƙofofi biyu na baya, ɗaya a ƙarshen arewa wanda ake shiga ta matakai daga farfajiyar, ɗayan kuma a ƙarshen gabas wanda ke kaiwa ƙarshen yankin. A arewa maso yamma akwai ragowar taga da ke da alaƙa da jingina ga tsarin. Sunan 'Duchal' ana iya fassara shi da 'Koguna Biyu'. == Alkawari == Porterfields magoya bayan Covenanters ne kuma daga ƙarshe sun sha wahala sakamakon kwacewa da ɗaurin kurkuku a shekara ta 1684, inda aka san wurin da ake kira ''Melfort's Shahid'' . Lord Melfort ya bi diddigin shari'ar da ake yi wa Porterfields da ƙarfi kuma an ba shi kadarorin iyali waɗanda ya riƙe na ɗan lokaci kafin a dawo da su kuma ya gudu daga ƙasar. Kafin a kama 'Duchal' kuma a yi masa shari'a, wani lamari ya faru inda wasu 'yan leƙen asirin Melfort guda biyu suka zo Duchal suka yi kamar su abokan Covenant ne da ke buƙatar abinci da matsuguni wanda aka ba su yadda ya kamata, duk da haka Lady Duchal ta tuhume su kuma ta sa su lura, inda aka lura cewa ba sa faɗin alheri kafin su ci abinci. Lady Duchal ta sanar da mijinta wanda ya kama su, ya ɗaure su, sannan ya yi musu bulala mai tsanani kafin ta sanya su a cikin wani tsohon ma'ajiyar da suke kwance har sai wani jami'i ya ɗauke su. == Gidan Dukel == An gina Duchal House a gabashin gidan sarauta (NS353680) ta hannun Porterfields a shekara ta 1710 kuma kamar yadda aka saba, an yi wa manyan duwatsun da aka sassaka, da sauransu fashi kuma an yi amfani da su a sabon ginin. Har yanzu ana zaune a Duchal House kuma duk da ƙarin abubuwa daban-daban, wannan ginin na iya haɗawa da wani ɓangare na ginin 1710. <ref name="stravaiging7" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] arpq0h670dpuerrdwxurpadf8i7o08m 0 176742 966029 961834 2026-10-11T01:09:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Birgediya Janar '''Don Francisco Domingo Joseph Bouligny y Paret''' (4 ga Satumba 1736 - 25 ga Nuwamba 1800) wani jami'in Sojan Spain ne kuma mai kula da mulkin mallaka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan riƙo na Louisiana a 1799. A matsayinsa na mai amfani da harshen Faransanci a harshen Sifaniyanci, ya kasance gada tsakanin Creole da Faransanci Louisiana da Spain bayan da aka mayar da yankin daga Faransa zuwa Spain. Bouligny ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin gwamna a ƙarƙashin Bernardo de Gálvez kuma ya kafa New Iberia a shekarar 1779.<ref name="Din76">{{Cite journal |last=Din |first=Gilbert C. |date=Spring 1976 |title=Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Bouligny and the Malagueño Settlement at New Iberia, 1779 |journal=Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=187–202 |jstor=4231587}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Bouligny, wanda iyalinsa suka kira "Frasquito", an haife shi a shekara ta 1736 a Alicante, Spain, ga Jean (Juan) Bouligny, wani ɗan kasuwa mai nasara daga zuriyar Faransa, da Marie Paret, wacce ta fito daga Alicante. Yana ɗan shekara 10, an tura shi makarantar yara maza da Bishop na Orihuela ya kafa, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1750 kuma ya shiga kasuwancin shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje, wanda ke cinikin yadi, kayan ƙanshi, giya, da sauransu daga ko'ina cikin Bahar Rum da kuma a faɗin Tekun Atlantika. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Klemens}}</ref> A shekara ta 1758, Bouligny ya shiga rundunar sojojin Spain, yana yi wa rundunar Zamora hidima. Shekara guda bayan haka, ya koma rundunar sojojin Royal Regiment of Spanish Guards kuma aka naɗa shi Laftanar a cikin rundunar sojojin ƙasa aka aika shi zuwa [[Havana]], [[Cuba]], a shekara ta 1762. A wancan lokacin, Spain ta shiga Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, kuma yayin da Bouligny ke kan hanyarsa daga Cádiz, Turawan Ingila sun kwace Havana . Sabbin umarni sun sa Bouligny ya jira sauran yakin da aka yi a Santa Cruz de Tenerife a Tsibirin Canary. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1763, Bouligny ya isa Havana inda aka tura shi aiki har zuwa shekarar 1769 lokacin da ya haɗu da Alejandro O'Reilly a matsayin mataimakinsa don tafiyarsa ta kawo ƙarshen tawayen Louisiana . Ganin cewa Bouligny ya iya Faransanci sosai, an tuhume shi da isar da saƙonnin gwamnatin Spain ga mazauna Louisiana masu magana da Faransanci kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara a lokacin shari'ar sojoji da shugabannin 'yan tawayen. An ɗaukaka Bouligny zuwa matsayin kyaftin na brevet a cikin sabuwar rundunar sojojin Louisiana Fixed Infantry Battalion. A shekara ta 1772, Gwamna Luis de Unzaga ya naɗa shi cikakken kyaftin. Duk da haka, shekara guda bayan haka, Unzaga ta sauke Bouligny daga mukaminsa, kuma aka tsare shi a gidan yari saboda ya ba da umarnin ɗaurin shekaru shida a gidan yari maimakon hukuncin daurin watanni huɗu da aka haramta bisa ga dokokin sarki. Daga ƙarshe, O'Reilly ya yi sulhu a madadin Bouligny kuma aka mayar da shi kan aikinsa tare da gargaɗi. A shekarar 1775, an ba Bouligny izinin komawa Turai don sasanta al'amuran iyali. Yayin da yake Spain, Bouligny ya rubuta jawabi kan yawan jama'ar [[New Orleans]], Louisiana ( ''Memoria histórica y política sobre la Luisiana'' ). ''Memoria'' ta jawo hankalin kotun Spain ga mallakarta a Louisiana da kuma damar da take da ita na ci gaban noma da kasuwanci. Ya yi cikakken bayani game da yanayin ƙasa da kuma ilimin ruwa na yankin, gami da ambaliyar ruwa da guguwar ruwa ta haifar a Tafkunan Borgne da Pontchartrain. ''Memoria'' ya kuma nuna muhimmancin kyakkyawar dangantaka da al'ummar 'yan asalin Amurka na yankin, da kuma buƙatar inganta tsaron yankin a matsayin wani muhimmin abin kariya ga Birtaniya ta Arewacin Amurka . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Din |first=Gilbert C. |year=1978 |title=Protecting the 'Barrera': Spain's Defenses in Louisiana, 1763–1779 |journal=Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=183–211 |jstor=4231775}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Louise C. |date=2000 |title='Luisiana': The Spanish |url=https://www.hnoc.org/sites/default/files/quarterly/HNOC_Q4_2k.pdf |journal=The Historic New Orleans Collection Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=2–5 |access-date=2018-10-05}}</ref> Don haka, Bouligny ya haɗa da shawarwari dalla-dalla a cikin ''Memoria'' don sabbin katanga da ƙarfafawa a kan hanyoyin ruwa da yawa na yankin. <ref name="Cruz Freire2019">{{Cite journal |last=Cruz Freire |first=Pedro |year=2018 |title=La llave de Nueva España. Proyectos defensivos para los territorios de Luisiana (1770–1795) |trans-title=The Key to New Spain: Defensive Projects for the Territory of Louisiana (1770–1795) |journal=Ars Longa. Cuadernos de Arte |language=es |issue=27 |pages=113–124 |doi=10.7203/arslonga.27.11198 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Rahoton ya samu karbuwa sosai a Madrid kuma ya yi tasiri wajen jagorantar ci gaban Louisiana a nan gaba. <ref name="DBE">{{Cite web |last=<!-- no byline --> |title=Francisco Bouligny |url=http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/55709/francisco-bouligny |access-date=13 June 2021 |website=[[Diccionario biográfico español|Diccionario Biográfico Español]] |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209081248/https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/55709/francisco-bouligny |archive-date=9 December 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kafa Sabuwar Iberia === [[File:Bouligny_Monument.jpg|left|thumb| Abin tunawa da aka girmama Francisco Bouligny da kuma farkon mazauna Malagueño na New Iberia, Louisiana.]] A shekarar 1777, Bouligny ya koma Louisiana, inda Gwamna Bernardo de Gálvez ya naɗa shi mataimakin gwamna. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai kula da kasuwanci da dangantaka da ƙabilun 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma kafa sabbin matsugunan zama. A cikin ''Memoria'', Bouligny ya yi kira da a zaunar da 'yan Spain da sauran bakin haure Katolika a duk faɗin Louisiana don ƙarfafa ikon Spain a kan yankin, gami da 'yan Anglo-Americans waɗanda ke son canza amincinsu zuwa Spain. Bayan wannan shirin sulhu, a watan Afrilun 1779, Bouligny ya kawo ƙungiyar 'yan mulkin mallaka 500, musamman Malagueños tare da wasu Isleños, zuwa Bayou Teche don kafa birnin New Iberia . <ref name="Din76" /> Duk da haka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Bouligny da Gálvez ta kasance mai tsauri. Su biyun sun yi karo ne kan batutuwan da suka shafi ciniki da matsuguni, musamman wurin da aka gina matsugunin New Iberia da kuma hanyar da Gálvez ya bi wajen gina matsugunin Birtaniya kusa da Kogin Mississippi. Bouligny ya kuma haɗa harkokin kasuwanci na kashin kansa da na hukuma, gami da aƙalla lokaci guda da ya biya kansa kuɗin amfani da bayinsa. Gálvez ya ci gaba da aiki tukuru don killace Bouligny, yana sanya shakku kan ayyukansa, yana bin diddigin kuɗaɗen da aka kashe wajen gina matsugunin New Iberia da kuma kuɗin Bouligny, kuma bai ba shi shawarar ci gaba ba. <ref name="Din93" /> <ref name="Powell2012" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nunemaker |first=J. Horace |date=August 1945 |title=The Bouligny Affair in Louisiana |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=339–363 |doi=10.2307/2507969 |jstor=2507969}}</ref> === Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka === A ƙarshen shekarar 1779, a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, Spain ta kai hari kan matsugunan Birtaniya a Yammacin Florida, kuma Bouligny ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na Manchac Post da Baton Rouge . A shekarar 1780, Bouligny ya jagoranci wani yaƙi da Turawan Ingila a Fort Charlotte, <ref name="Beerman">{{Cite journal |last=Beerman |first=Eric |date=October 1979 |title='Yo Solo' not 'Solo': Juan Antonio de Riaño |url=https://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A25449/datastream/OBJ/view |url-status=dead |format=PDF |journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly |volume=LVIII |issue=2 |pages=174–184 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330080606/http://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A25449/datastream/OBJ/view |archive-date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=2016-06-22}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya shiga yaƙin Pensacola . == Rayuwa da aiki daga baya == A shekarar 1783, an umurci Bouligny da ya kawar da wani yanki na 'yan gudun hijira daga bauta ( [[Maroons|''cimarrones'']] ) a gefen kogin New Orleans. Zuwa watan Yunin 1784, tawagar ta kama mutane 60, ciki har da shugaban yankin, Jean Saint Malo ; a cikin binciken da ya biyo baya, jami'ai sun gano bayi goma sha biyu da ke taimakawa wajen tsara tserewa daga gonaki. A shekara ta 1784, yayin da Gwamna Esteban Rodríguez Miró ya yi tafiya zuwa Yammacin Florida don yin hulɗa da al'ummomin Muscogee, Chickasaw, da Choctaw, Bouligny ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin gwamnan Louisiana. A shekara ta gaba, Miró ya aika Bouligny zuwa Natchez don tilasta mulkin Mutanen Espanya a yankin da kuma tsayayya da mamayewar Amurka da ke da alaƙa da Rikicin Yammacin Florida.<ref name="Din81">{{Cite journal |last=Din |first=Gilbert C. |date=July 1981 |title=War Clouds on the Mississippi: Spain's 1785 Crisis in West Florida |url=http://ucf.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A25456 |format=PDF |journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly |volume=LX |issue=1 |pages=51–76 |access-date=2016-06-22}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 1791, an nada Bouligny a matsayin kolonel kuma an sanya shi a matsayin kwamandan Louisiana Fixed Infantry Regiment, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa shekara ta 1797.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Din |first=Gilbert C. |date=Winter 2002 |title='For Defense of Country and the Glory of Arms': Army Officers in Spanish Louisiana, 1766–1803 |journal=Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=5–40 |jstor=4233810}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Gov. Manuel Gayoso de Lemos a ranar 18 ga Yuli 1799, an nada Francisco Bouligny a matsayin gwamnan soja na Louisiana, tare da Nicolás María Vidal a matsayin gwamnan farar hula, har sai da sabon gwamnan janar, Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y O'Farrill, Marquess de Casa Calvo, ya isa mulkin mallaka a ranar 17 ga Disamba Bouligny ya mutu a New Orleans a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1800, bayan doguwar rashin lafiya. An girmama shi ta hanyar binne shi a cocin St. Louis . A watan Satumba na shekarar 1800, Masarautar Spain ta naɗa Bouligny brigadier janar, amma kwafin kwamitin bai isa Louisiana ba sai bayan mutuwarsa. <ref name="Martin" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An bayyana Bouligny a matsayin "mai tsayi da ƙanƙanta, mai kyawawan halaye na soja, mai sauƙin kai da mutunci a cikin ɗabi'unsa, kuma mai ɗumi a cikin abotarsa." A tsawon rayuwarsa, Bouligny ya ci gaba da yin wasiƙu a harsunan Faransanci da Sifaniyanci tare da iyalansa da jami'ansa a faɗin duniya. Dangane da yaren da aka yi amfani da shi, ana kiran sunansa na farko da "Francisco" ko "François." A ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1770, Bouligny ta auri Marie-Louise Le Sénéchal d'Auberville (1750–1834) wacce take cikin wani fitaccen iyali a Louisiana ta Faransa. <ref name="THNOC">{{Cite web |last=The Historic New Orleans Collection |title=The Francisco Bouligny Lecture |url=http://www.hnoc.org/programs/bouligny.html |access-date=2013-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227170238/http://www.hnoc.org/programs/bouligny.html |archive-date=2013-02-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Aure ne mai amfani ga iyalai biyu, inda dangantakar siyasa ta Bouligny ta taimaka wajen biyan bashin da ke kan mahaifiyar Le Sénéchal d'Auberville, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar fara tara kadarori a birnin. Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya huɗu, ciki har da Charles Dominique Joseph Bouligny, wanda majalisar dokokin jihar ta zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a shekarun 1820, da kuma Louis Bouligny, wanda aka sanya wa unguwar Faubourg Bouligny da ke New Orleans suna bayansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Branley |first=Edward |date=12 October 2011 |title=NOLA History: The Neighborhoods of Uptown New Orleans |url=https://gonola.com/things-to-do-in-new-orleans/history/nola-history-the-neighborhoods-of-uptown-new-orleans |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=Go NOLA}}</ref> An zaɓi jikansa John Edward Bouligny a matsayin ɗan majalisa a shekarar 1859. Babban ɗan'uwan Bouligny, Juan de Bouligny, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Spain na farko a [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] daga 1779 zuwa 1793. == Abin da ya bari == Bouligny ya bar abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin babban ɗakin karatu mai littattafai 48 a cikin kundin littattafai 147, wani ma'ajiyar giya da ke ɗauke da kwalaben giya kusan 500, da kuma bayi 31. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Din |first=Gilbert C. |year=1981 |title=The Death and Succession of Francisco Bouligny |journal=Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=307–315 |jstor=4232101}}</ref> Laburaren karatunsa sun haɗa da tarihin Tsohuwar Roma, Faransa, Amurka, Daular Rasha, da Jamus, da kuma nasarar da aka samu a Mexico da kuma tafiyar Kyaftin Cook ta uku. Yawancin ayyukan an yi su ne da Faransanci; biyar kawai aka yi su da Sifaniyanci. A shekarar 1977, zuriyar Bouligny sun kafa Gidauniyar Bouligny don haɓaka nazarin Sifaniyanci na Louisiana ta hanyar tallafawa bincike da jerin laccoci na shekara-shekara. Bayan rushewar ginin a farkon shekarun 2000, an ci gaba da shirin Lakca na Bouligny na shekara-shekara ta hanyar The Historic New Orleans Collection . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco Bouligny Lecture |url=https://www.hnoc.org/programs/francisco-bouligny-lecture |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=The Historic New Orleans Collection}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n56aakpmvx426gbbo5xirr8b0sc3rou 0 176779 966120 963521 2026-10-11T11:15:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yin tsere a kan kankara''' wasa ne da mutane, ma'aurata, ko ƙungiyoyi ke yi tsalle, juyawa, da kuma rawa a kan kankara. Takalmansu na asali ne. Shi ne wasan hunturu na farko da aka haɗa a [[Gasar Olympic|gasar Olympics]], tare da gabatar da shi a gasar Olympics ta 1908 a Landan. Wasannin Olympics sune wasannin maza marasa aure, wasannin mata marasa aure, {{Refn|"Women" were referred to as "ladies" in ISU regulations and communications until the [[2021–22 figure skating season|2021–22 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/media-centre/press-releases/2021-2/25944-results-of-proposals-in-replacement-of-the-58th-ordinary-isu-congress-2021/file|title=Results of Proposals in Replacement of the 58th Ordinary ISU Congress 2021|publisher=[[International Skating Union]]|date=June 30, 2021|access-date=November 16, 2025|archive-date=October 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010102826/https://isu.org/media-centre/press-releases/2021-2/25944-results-of-proposals-in-replacement-of-the-58th-ordinary-isu-congress-2021/file|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group=note}} wasan tsere kan kankara, da kuma rawa kan kankara ; fannoni huɗu daban-daban an haɗa su cikin taron ƙungiya, wanda aka fara haɗawa a gasar Olympics ta hunturu a 2014 . Wasannin da ba na Olympics ba sun haɗa da wasan tsere kan kankara mai daidaitawa, wasan kwaikwayo akan kankara, da kuma wasan tsere kan kankara guda huɗu . Daga gasar matsakaici zuwa manyan 'yan wasa, galibi masu wasan kankara suna yin shirye-shirye guda biyu ( gajeren shirin da kuma wasan kankara kyauta ), waɗanda, dangane da yanayin, na iya haɗawa da juyawa, tsalle, motsi a fagen, ɗagawa, tsalle-tsalle, juyawar mutuwa, da sauran abubuwa ko motsi. Masu masu wasan tsere kan kankara suna fafatawa a matakai daban-daban tun daga masu farawa har zuwa matakin Olympics (babba) a gasannin gida, yanki, yanki, ƙasa, da na duniya. [[Ƙungiyar Skating ta Duniya|Ƙungiyar Kula da Skating ta Duniya]] (ISU) tana tsara alkalai da gasannin yin tsere a kan kankara na duniya. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu, gasar zakarun duniya, gasar matasa ta duniya, gasar zakarun Turai, gasar zakarun nahiyoyi huɗu, gasar Grand Prix ( babba da ƙarami ), da kuma gasar ƙalubale ta ISU . Wasan yana da alaƙa da harkokin wasan kwaikwayo. Manyan gasa galibi suna ƙarewa da wasannin baje kolin, inda manyan 'yan wasan tsere daga kowane fanni ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen da ba na gasa ba. Yawancin masu wasan tsere kan kankara, a lokacin da kuma bayan ayyukansu na gasa, suna kuma yin wasan tsere kan kankara a wasannin kankara, waɗanda ke gudana a lokacin gasar da kuma lokacin hutun kakar wasa. ==Kalmomin da ake amfani da su== [[File:NSAPINY9 EXTR.jpg|thumb|"Central Park, Winter: the Skating Pond", lithograph na 1862|left|200x200px]] Kalmar "ƙwararre" a wasan tseren kankara ba ta nufin matakin ƙwarewa ba, sai dai matsayin ɗan wasa a gasar. Masu wasan tseren kankara da ke fafatawa a manyan matakan gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ba "ƙwararrun" ’yan wasan tseren kankara ba ne. Wani lokaci ana kiran su ’yan wasa masu son yin wasan ne kawai,<ref name=USAT110315/> duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu suna samun kuɗi. Ƙwararrun ’yan wasan tseren kankara sun haɗa da waɗanda suka rasa cancantar shiga gasannin ISU da waɗanda ke yin wasanni ne kawai a cikin shirye-shiryen nishaɗi. Haka kuma za su iya haɗawa da tsoffin zakarun Olympic da na duniya waɗanda suka kawo ƙarshen fafatawarsu, da kuma ’yan wasan da ba su da ƙwarewar fafatawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma suke da kaɗan. Baya ga yin wasanni a shirye-shiryen kankara, ƙwararrun ’yan wasan tseren kankara kan fafata a gasannin ƙwararru, waɗanda ake gudanarwa a sassa daban-daban na duniya, kuma kowace gasa tana da nata tsari da ƙa'idoji.<ref name=MS220721>{{Cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20220721/p2a/00m/0na/004000c|title=Japanese skating star Hanyu looks to wider stage as he retires from competition|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|location=[[Chiyoda, Tokyo]]|date=July 21, 2022|archive-date=July 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721061326/https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20220721/p2a/00m/0na/004000c|url-status=live}}</ref>. Kalmar "figure skating" kalma ce ta harshen Ingilishi; a Jamus ana kiran wannan wasa ''Eiskunstlauf'' (a zahiri "Gudun Fasahar Kankara"), yayin da a Faransanci ake kiransa ''patinage artistique'' (a zahiri "tseren kankara na fasaha").{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=xxx}} {{clear}} ==Takalman wasan tseren kankara== [[File:Figure-skates-2.jpg|thumb|Kusa da [[Figure skate#Blades|ƙarfen takalmin wasan tseren kankara]], yana nuna haƙoran gaba, ramin da ke ƙasan ƙarfen, da kuma yadda ake ɗaure shi da dunƙule]] Babban bambanci da ake iya gani tsakanin takalman [[ice hockey|hockey na kankara]] da na wasan tseren kankara na fasaha shi ne cewa takalman wasan tseren kankara na fasaha suna da wasu manyan haƙora masu kaifi da ake kira ''toe picks'' a ɓangaren gaba na [[Figure skate#Blades|ƙarfen takalmin]]. Ana amfani da waɗannan haƙora musamman wajen yin tsalle, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da su wajen tura jiki ko juyawa ba. Idan aka yi amfani da su yayin juyawa, haƙoran za su sa ɗan wasan ya rasa saurin motsinsa ko ya matsa daga tsakiyar juyawar. Ana ɗaure ƙarfen takalmin da tafin takalmi da diddige ta amfani da dunƙule. Yawanci, ƙwararrun ’yan wasan tseren kankara na manyan matakai suna samun ƙwararrun ma'aikata su daidaita musu takalma da ƙarfe a wani shagon sayar da takalman kankara mai inganci. Haka kuma ana ɗaukar ƙwararru domin su kaifafa ƙarfen takalman gwargwadon bukatun kowane ɗan wasa.<ref name=NYT090622/> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-79630-0003, Bodo Bockenauer.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Kaifafa ƙarfen takalmi]] [[File:Figure skating edges.svg|thumb|Takalman wasan tseren kankara da [[Glossary of figure skating terms#E|geffuna]]]] Ƙarfen takalman yana da kaurin kusan {{convert|4.7|mm|in|frac=16|abbr=off}}. Idan aka duba shi daga gefe, ƙarfen takalmin wasan tseren kankara ba madaidaici ba ne, sai dai yana ɗan lanƙwasawa, yana samar da wani baka na da'ira mai [[radius|tsawon radius]] na {{convert|180|–|220|cm|in|abbr=off}}. Ana kiran wannan lanƙwasawar ''rocker'' na ƙarfen takalmin. ''Sweet spot'' shi ne ɓangaren ƙarfen da ake yin dukkan juyawa a kansa; yawanci yana kusa da [[stanchion]] na ƙarfen, a ƙarƙashin ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref name=fsequip/> Haka kuma an yi wa ƙarfen takalmin ''hollow ground''; wani rami da ke ƙasan ƙarfen yana samar da [[Glossary of figure skating terms#E|geffuna]] guda biyu daban-daban, na ciki da na waje. '''Gefen ciki''' na ƙarfen takalmin yana gefen da ya fi kusa da ɗan wasan; '''gefen waje''' kuma yana gefen da ya fi nisa da ɗan wasan. A wasan tseren kankara na fasaha, ana son a riƙa tseren kankara a kan gefe ɗaya kawai na ƙarfen. Yin amfani da gefuna biyu a lokaci guda, wanda ake kira ''flat'', na iya haifar da ƙarancin maki na ƙwarewar tseren kankara. Ƙarfin motsi da sauƙin zamewa a kan kankara da ƙwararrun ’yan wasan ke nunawa ba tare da wahala ba, ya samo asali ne musamman daga [[Conservation of angular momentum#Conservation of angular momentum|ingantaccen amfani da gefuna wajen samar da sauri]].{{cn|date=May 2025}} Takalman da ake amfani da su a wasan mutum ɗaya da na ma'aurata suna da manyan haƙora masu kaifi da ake kira '''toepick''' a gaban kowane ƙarfe. Ana amfani da ''toepick'' musamman wajen taimaka wa ɗan wasa ya tashi sama lokacin da yake yin tsalle. Ƙarfen takalman rawa a kan kankara yana da ƙananan ''toepick'' idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfen da ake amfani da shi a sauran fannoni. Lokacin yin juyawa, ’yan wasa suna amfani da '''sweet spot''' na ƙarfen, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin ''rocker'' guda biyu da ake samu a kan ƙarfe, kuma shi ne ɓangaren ƙarfen da ya fi zagaye. ''Sweet spot'' yana bayan ''toe pick'' kaɗan kuma kusa da tsakiyar ƙarfen. Ɗayan ''rocker'' kuma shi ne lanƙwasawar ƙarfen gaba ɗaya yayin tura jiki ko zamewa. Ƙarfen takalman masu rawar kankara yana da gajarta da kusan inci ɗaya a ɓangaren baya idan aka kwatanta da na ’yan wasan sauran fannoni, domin ba da damar yin dabarun motsin ƙafa masu rikitarwa da kuma yin rawa kusa da abokin rawa. Ƙarfen takalman masu rawa yana da ƙaramin ''toepick'', saboda ba sa buƙatar babban ''toepick'' da ake amfani da shi wajen tsalle a sauran fannoni. Ana amfani da ''skate guards'' na roba mai ƙarfi lokacin da ɗan wasa yake buƙatar tafiya da takalmansa ba tare da yana kan kankara ba, domin kare ƙarfen daga datti ko wani abu da ke ƙasa wanda zai iya dusashe ƙarfen. Ana amfani da murfin ƙarfe mai laushi da ake kira ''soakers'' domin shanye danshi da kuma kare ƙarfen daga tsatsa lokacin da ba a sa takalman. A gasar, ana ba ’yan wasa mintuna uku domin gyara takalmansu. Akwai nau'o'in takalma da ƙarfe da dama waɗanda suka dace da fannoni da matakan ƙwarewa daban-daban. Misali, ’yan wasan da ke yin tsalle-tsalle masu juyawa sau da yawa suna buƙatar takalmi mai ƙarfi wanda ya fi tsawo kuma yake ba da ƙarin tallafi. ’Yan wasan da ke aiki kan tsalle guda ɗaya ko biyu suna buƙatar ƙarancin tallafi kuma za su iya amfani da takalmi mara tsauri sosai. Masu rawa a kan kankara na iya fifita takalmi mai ɗan gajeren yanke wanda aka tsara domin ba da damar lanƙwasa gwiwa sosai.{{cn|date=May 2025}} Haka kuma, ƙarfen da aka tsara domin wasan kyauta da na ma'aurata yana da dogon ɓangaren baya domin taimakawa wajen sauka bayan tsalle. An tsara siffar ƙarfen da haƙoransa domin taimakawa wajen juyawa, shiga cikin tsalle, tashi daga kankara, sauka, da kuma fita daga motsin. Fasahar zamani ta ƙarfe tana ƙara amfani da zaren carbon da wasu kayayyaki ban da ƙarfe domin rage nauyin ƙarfen. Waɗannan kayayyaki na iya kasancewa masu sassauƙa kuma su taimaka wajen rage tasirin saukar tsalle, tare da kare gaɓoɓin matasa ’yan wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About Blades: A Basic Guide |url=https://skaterslanding.com/pages/all-about-blades-a-basic-guide |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=Skaters Landing |archive-date=July 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706225700/https://skaterslanding.com/pages/all-about-blades-a-basic-guide |url-status=live }}</ref> Ƙarfen takalman rawa a kan kankara yana da gajerun ɓangarorin baya domin ba da damar yin motsin ƙafa kusa da juna da kuma rage haɗarin ƙarfe ya bugi wani ƙarfe yayin hadaddun motsi na kusa. Haka kuma suna iya kasancewa sirara domin taimakawa wajen zamewa da yin saurin sauya gefe. ''Off-ice training'' kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen bayyana horon motsa jiki da ake yi a wajen kankara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siclari |first=Stephanie |date=2022-03-10 |title=Why Off-Ice Training is Important for Figure Skaters {{!}} ISI |url=https://risonline.org/why-off-ice-training-is-important-for-figure-skaters/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Recreational Ice Skating Online |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201224439/https://risonline.org/why-off-ice-training-is-important-for-figure-skaters/ |archive-date=2024-02-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Baya ga motsa jiki na yau da kullum, ’yan wasa suna yin kwaikwayon tsalle-tsalle a wajen kankara domin yin atisaye kan isasshen juyawa da tsayin tsallen, da kuma yin atisaye domin su riƙa sauka da ƙafa ɗaya cikin daidaito. A shekarar 2020/2021, ’yan wasa da dama sun dogara da hanyoyi daban-daban na horo da motsa jiki a wajen kankara saboda an rufe wuraren wasan kankara sakamakon COVID-19. ==Filayen kankara da kayan aikin filin kankara== Tun daga shekarar 1980, dole ne a gudanar da dukkan gasannin wasan zane a kan kankara a filayen kankara da aka rufe kuma aka kewaye su gaba ɗaya. An faɗaɗa wannan ƙa'ida a shekarar 1984 domin ta haɗa da filayen kankara na atisaye.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=xxvii}} A cewar masanin tarihin wasan zane a kan kankara James R. Hines, haɓakar filayen kankara na cikin gida, ban da ƙirƙirar takalmin kankara mai ruwaƙƙen ƙarfe a ƙarni na 14 da kuma fara ɗaure takalma dindindin da takalman kankara a ƙarni na 19, ita ce babbar ci gaban da ta fi shafar wannan wasa. Hakan ya ba da damar yin wasan kankara duk shekara, da kuma a ko'ina cikin duniya, tare da hana soke gasannin gasa saboda rashin kankara a filayen kankara na waje. Ƙoƙarin farko na yin kankara ta hanyar wucin gadi ya faru a shekarun 1870 a Ingila da Amurka. Filin kankara na cikin gida na farko da ya shahara an gina shi a shekarar 1876, daga hannun John Gamgee, a Chelsea da ke gefen arewacin Kogin Thames; girmansa ya kai ƙafa 24 da 40. Zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, manyan birane da dama a Turai da Arewacin Amurka sun mallaki filayen kankara na cikin gida.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|pp=23-24}} Akwai babban bambanci a ma'aunin filayen kankara. Filayen da ake amfani da su a gasannin Olympics suna da ma'aunin {{convert|30|x|60|m|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}, filayen da ake amfani da su a gasar [[National Hockey League|NHL]] suna da {{convert|26|x|61|m|abbr=on}}, yayin da filayen Turai wani lokaci suke da {{convert|30|x|64|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="aboutrinks" /> [[International Skating Union|ISU]] ta fi son a yi amfani da filayen girman na Olympics a gasannin wasan zane a kan kankara, musamman a manyan gasa. A cewar ƙa'ida ta 342 ta ISU, filin kankara na wasan zane a kan kankara na taron ISU "idan zai yiwu, ya kamata ya kasance tsawon mita sittin (60) a gefe guda da mita talatin (30) a ɗayan gefen, amma kada ya fi haka girma, kuma kada ya kasance ƙasa da mita hamsin da shida (56) a gefe guda da mita ashirin da shida (26) a ɗayan gefen".<ref name="isuSFTR" /> Tsarin maki yana ba wa 'yan wasan da ke da kyakkyawar amfani da filin kankara lada, wato waɗanda ke iya amfani da dukkan saman kankara yadda ya kamata yayin shirye-shiryensu. Filayen girman na Olympics suna sa bambancin ƙwarewa tsakanin 'yan wasa ya fi bayyana, amma ba a samun irin waɗannan filaye a dukkan gasa. Idan filin kankara yana da ma'auni daban, shirya tsallen ɗan wasa da saurinsa na iya samun cikas yayin da yake daidaita kansa da filin.<ref name="AP111022" /><ref name="IN131007" /> Ana tantance ingancin kankara ta laushi, gogayya, tauri da kuma saurin karyewa.<ref name=WMQI1105/> Abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin kankara sun haɗa da yanayin zafi, ingancin ruwa, da yawan amfani da filin, inda ƙusoshin gaban takalman kankara ke ƙara lalata kankarar. A wasan zane a kan kankara, yawanci ana kiyaye yanayin zafin saman kankara tsakanin {{convert|-5.5|and|-3.5|C|F}},<ref name=WMQI1105/><ref name="Olympic.org161031"/> inda fannonin wasan Olympics ke buƙatar kankara mai ɗan laushi (−3.5{{spaces}}°C) fiye da wasan kankara na ƙungiya (−5.5{{spaces}}°C).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usfsa.org/content/ISU%20SYS%20Handbook%20for%20Referees.pdf|title=Handbook for Referees − Synchronized Skating − Season 2018–2019|page=44|date=July 28, 2018|website=ISU.org|access-date=November 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723122918/http://www.usfsa.org/content/ISU%20SYS%20Handbook%20for%20Referees.pdf|archive-date=July 23, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yawanci bayan kowace ƙungiyoyi biyu na atisaye, wata na'ura mai gyaran kankara tana tsaftace saman kankarar tare da daidaita shi. Rashin isasshen ingancin kankara na iya shafar yadda 'yan wasa suke taka rawa.<ref name=GS120328ps/> Wasu filayen kankara suna da tsarin igiyar ɗagawa da aka girka domin taimaka wa 'yan wasa su koyi sabbin tsalle-tsalle cikin yanayi mai sarrafuwa. Ana ɗaure wata igiya mai ƙarfi sosai da bangon biyu da ke kewaye da kankarar, tare da wasu ƙafafun juyawa da ke tafiya a kan igiyar. Dan wasan yana sanya rigar kariya ko bel, sannan a ɗaure igiya ko igiyar ɗagawa da ita, kuma a shigar da igiyar/igiyar cikin ƙafar juyawa mai motsi da ke kan igiyar da ke sama. Koci yana riƙe da ɗayan ƙarshen igiyar kuma ya ɗaga ɗan wasan ta hanyar ja igiyar. Daga nan ɗan wasan zai iya yin atisayen tsallen yayin da koci ke taimaka masa wajen kammala shi. Ana amfani da wannan lokacin da ɗan wasa yake buƙatar ƙarin taimako wajen yin tsalle. Sai dai idan kociyoyi suka ga ya dace, za su iya amfani da wani nau'in igiyar taimako da ake kira "fishing pole harness". An sanya mata wannan suna ne saboda tana kama da sandar kamun kifi. Dan wasan zai sanya igiyar taimakon, sannan kocin ya daidaita ta yadda za ta dace da ɗan wasan. Daga nan ɗan wasan zai je ya yi tsallen ba tare da taimako mai yawa daga kocinsa ba. Haka kuma zai iya yin tsallen a kowace hanya da ya zaɓa, yayin da a sauran nau'in igiyar taimakon dole ne ya yi tsallen a madaidaiciyar hanya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jumpharness.com/index.htm|title=Jump Training Harness for Figure Skaters – Coaching Aid|website=jumpharness.com|access-date=March 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329032142/http://www.jumpharness.com/index.htm|archive-date=March 29, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Fannonin wasa== Wasan zane a kan kankara ya ƙunshi fannoni masu zuwa: * A '''[[single skating]]''', 'yan wasa maza da mata suna fafatawa daban-daban. Wasan zane a kan kankara shi ne mafi dadewa daga cikin wasannin hunturu da ake gudanarwa a gasannin Olympics, inda wasan maza da na mata suka kasance biyu daga cikin fannoni huɗu na wasan zane a kan kankara a [[1908 Summer Olympics|Wasannin London na 1908]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Olympic Figure Skating at Beijing 2022: Top Five Things to Know |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/olympic-figure-skating-at-beijing-2022-top-five-things-to-know |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=Olympics.com |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104220916/https://olympics.com/en/news/olympic-figure-skating-at-beijing-2022-top-five-things-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref> Wasan mutum ɗaya yana da wasu abubuwa da dole ne 'yan wasa su yi yayin gasa, waɗanda suke samar da shirin wasa mai daidaito. Sun haɗa da [[Figure skating jumps|tsalle-tsalle]] (da haɗaɗɗun tsalle-tsalle), [[Figure skating spins|juyawa]], [[step sequences|jerin matakai]], da [[choreographic sequence|jerin rawa]].<ref name="S&P/ID2022-112">S&P/ID 2022, pp. 105–106, 110</ref> * '''[[Pair skating]]''' ana bayyana shi da cewa "wasan kankara na mutane biyu da suke yin motsinsu tare cikin irin wannan daidaito da juna har ya ba da kamannin ainihin wasan mutum biyu, idan aka kwatanta da wasan mutum ɗaya mai zaman kansa".<ref name="ISU2022-109">S&P/ID 2022, p. 113</ref> ISU ta kuma bayyana cewa ƙungiyar wasan mutum biyu ta ƙunshi "Mace ɗaya da Namiji ɗaya".<ref name="ISU2021-9">S&P/ID 2022, p. 9</ref> Wasan mutum biyu, tare da wasan mutum ɗaya na maza da mata, ya kasance fannin Olympics tun lokacin da aka gabatar da wasan zane a kan kankara, wato mafi dadewa cikin wasannin Olympics na hunturu, a [[1908 Summer Olympics|London a shekarar 1908]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Figure Skating |url=https://www.olympic.org/figure-skating-equipment-and-history |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=Olympic.org |archive-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412020129/https://www.olympic.org/figure-skating-equipment-and-history |url-status=live }}</ref> [[1908 World Figure Skating Championships|Gasannin Ƙwallon Duniya na ISU na wasan zane a kan kankara]] sun gabatar da wasan mutum biyu a shekarar 1908.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=ISU Archives – History of Figure Skating |url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/figure-skating-other/news-fs/11675-archives-history-of-figure-skating?highlight=WyJoaXN0b3J5Il0=&templateParam=15 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |publisher=International Skating Union |location=Lausanne, Switzerland |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227001334/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/figure-skating-other/news-fs/11675-archives-history-of-figure-skating?highlight=WyJoaXN0b3J5Il0=&templateParam=15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Abubuwan da ake buƙata a wasan mutum biyu sun haɗa da [[Figure skating lifts#Pair lifts|ɗagawa]], jujjuyawar ɗagawa, [[Figure skating jumps#Jumps in pair skating|tsalle-tsalle]] da tsallen da abokin wasa ke taimakawa, [[Figure skating spins#Pair skating|juyawar ma'aurata]], [[Death spiral (figure skating)|death spiral]], [[step sequence|jerin matakai]], da [[choreographic sequence|jerin rawa]].<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 115–117, 118–119</ref> Abubuwan da ƙungiyoyin ma'aurata suke yi dole ne a "haɗa su da juna ta hanyar matakan haɗi iri daban-daban"<ref name="ISU2022-1093">S&P/ID 2022, p. 110</ref> da sauran motsi makamantansu, tare da amfani da hanyoyi da matsayi iri-iri na riƙe juna. * '''[[Ice dance]]''' a tarihi ya samo asali ne daga [[ballroom dancing]]. Ya shiga [[World Figure Skating Championships]] a shekarar 1952, kuma ya zama fannin da ake ba da lambar yabo a [[Winter Olympic Games]] a shekarar 1976.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=223}} A cewar ISU, ƙungiyar wasan rawa a kan kankara tana ƙunshe da mace ɗaya da namiji ɗaya.<ref name="ISU2021-9"/> Wasan rawa a kan kankara ya samo asali ne daga "combined skating" da ƙungiyoyin masu wasan kankara da kungiyoyi suka haɓaka a ƙarni na 19, da kuma wasan kankara na zamantakewa domin nishaɗi.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|pp=xiv, 102}} An gudanar da gasannin ƙasa na farko a Ingila, Kanada, Amurka da Austria a shekarun 1930.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=102}} Gasar rawa ta farko ta ƙasa da ƙasa a kan kankara ta gudana a matsayin wani taro na musamman a [[1950 World Figure Skating Championships|Gasannin Duniya na shekarar 1950]] a London.{{sfn|Hines|2011|pp=173–174}} Abubuwan da ƙungiyoyin wasan rawa a kan kankara dole su yi sun haɗa da [[Figure skating lifts|ɗagawa ta rawa]], [[Figure skating spins|juyawar rawa]], [[step sequence|jerin matakai]], [[twizzle]]s, da abubuwan rawa.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 142, 145</ref> * '''[[Synchronized skating]]''' (wanda a da ake kira "precision skating") an tsara shi ne domin ƙungiyoyi masu gaurayen jinsi waɗanda suka ƙunshi 'yan wasan zane a kan kankara tsakanin goma sha biyu zuwa ashirin. Wannan fanni yana kama da salon wasan rawa na ƙungiya a kan kankara, tare da ƙarin mayar da hankali kan daidaitattun tsare-tsaren ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya da kuma sauye-sauye masu rikitarwa tsakanin tsare-tsaren. Tsare-tsaren asali sun haɗa da ƙafafun juna, tubalan, layuka, da'irori da kuma haɗuwa. Kusancin 'yan wasa da kuma buƙatar ƙungiyar ta kasance cikin daidaito suna ƙara wahalar aikin ƙafa da 'yan wasan ke yi a cikin waɗannan abubuwa. ISU ta gabatar da shawarwari a hukumance domin saka wasan kankara na ƙungiya cikin [[2022 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na Hunturu na 2022]], amma waɗannan ƙoƙarin ba su yi nasara ba.<ref name=CT140929 /><ref name=NBC180224 /> * '''[[Compulsory figures]]''' ko '''school figures''' a da sun kasance wani fanni na wasan zane a kan kankara, kuma su ne suka ba wasan sunansa. Su ne "tsare-tsaren madauwari da 'yan wasa suke zana a kan kankara domin nuna ƙwarewa wajen sanya juyawa masu tsabta da daidaito a kan da'irori".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Regulations for Figures |url=https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/Compulsory%20Figures%20Rules.pdf |access-date=March 5, 2023 |publisher=U.S. Figure Skating Association |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305232430/https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/Compulsory%20Figures%20Rules.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A kusan shekaru 50 na farko da aka gudanar da wasan zane a kan kankara a matsayin wasa, har zuwa shekarar 1947, compulsory figures sun kasance kashi 60 cikin 100 na jimillar maki a yawancin gasa a duniya. Waɗannan figures sun ci gaba da mamaye wasan, duk da cewa muhimmancinsu ya ragu a hankali, har sai da ISU ta kada ƙuri'ar dakatar da su a matsayin wani ɓangare na gasa a shekarar 1990.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Loosemore |first=Sandra |date=December 16, 1998 |title='Figures' Don't Add up in Competition Anymore |work=CBS SportsLine |url=http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727021537/http://cbs.sportsline.com/u/women/skating/dec98/loosemore121698.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2008}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2015, bayan kafuwar World Figure Sport Society da World Figure & Fancy Skating Championships & Festival a kan baƙar kankara, ƙarin 'yan wasa suna atisaye da kuma fafatawa a figures.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Radnofsky |first=Louise |title=Who Needs Triple Axels and Toe Loops—Give Us 'Compulsory Figures' |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-needs-triple-axels-and-toe-loopsgive-us-compulsory-figures-11576859225 |access-date=2023-02-05 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=December 20, 2019 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205041036/https://www.wsj.com/articles/who-needs-triple-axels-and-toe-loopsgive-us-compulsory-figures-11576859225 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ƙarin kociyoyi suna koyon sabbin hanyoyin da World Figure Sport ta ƙirƙira domin koyar da su ga 'yan wasa, saboda wasu 'yan wasa da kociyoyi sun yi imanin cewa figures suna ba 'yan wasa fa'ida wajen haɓaka daidaiton jiki, ƙarfin tsakiyar jiki, sarrafa jiki da kuma ladabi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World figure skating enthusiasts take figures online |work=Lake Placid News |url=https://www.lakeplacidnews.com/sports/local-sports/2020/05/21/world-figure-skating-enthusiasts-take-figures-online/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |language=en-US |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205031629/https://www.lakeplacidnews.com/sports/local-sports/2020/05/21/world-figure-skating-enthusiasts-take-figures-online/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <gallery> File:Camel yuna1.jpg|Yun Kima, 'yar wasan mutum ɗaya daga Koriya ta Kudu, 2008 File:Camille RUEST Andrew WOLFE-GPFrance 2018-Pairs FS-IMG 1465.jpeg|Camille Ruest da Andrew Wolfe, 'yan wasan ma'aurata daga Kanada, 2018 File:2013 Nebelhorn Trophy Pilar Maekawa Moreno Leonardo Maekawa Moreno IMG 7885.JPG|Pilar Maekawa Moreno da Leonardo Maekawa Moreno, 'yan wasan rawa a kan kankara daga Mexico, 2013 File:Haydenettes 2006.jpg|The Haydenettes, ƙungiyar wasan kankara na haɗin gwiwa daga Amurka, 2006 File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-K1217-0035, Sonja Morgenstern.jpg|Sonja Morgenstern daga Jamus tana nuna compulsory figures, 1971 </gallery> ==Sassa da Motsi== Kowane sassa yana samun maki ne bisa darajarsa ta tushe da kuma matakin kwarewa na aiwatarwa (GOE), wanda ke samar da jimillar maki na sassan fasaha (TES). A gasa, masanin fasaha yana gano sassan sannan ya fasa kowannensu zuwa matakin wahala, farawa daga B (Na Basira) zuwa Mataki na 4 (mafi wahala).<ref name=isu2168/> Ga kowane sassa, kwamitin alƙalai yana ƙayyade GOE, wanda ke tsakanin −5 da +5, dangane da yadda dan wasan ya aiwatar da sassan da kyau. Ana auna GOE ne bisa darajar tushe ta sassan.<ref name=isu2168/> Ta hanyar sharuɗɗan ISU, 'yan wasan kankara dole ne su aiwatar da aƙalla sassa bakwai a cikin gajeren shirin aikinsu kuma sassa goma sha biyu a cikin dogon shirin aikinsu.<ref name=isuSFTR/> ISU ta fassara faduwa a matsayin rashin iko wanda ke haifar da yawancin nauyin jikin dan wasan ba ya kan kaifin takalmin kankara maimakon haka hannaye, gwiwoyi, ko mazaunai ne ke goyon bayansa.<ref name=deduc/> ===Tsefe (Tsalle-tsalle)=== {| class="wikitable floatright" |- ! colspan=2 | Takaitaccen sassan ISU:<br>Tsalle-tsallen Wasan Kankara |- | T || Toe loop |- | S || Salchow |- | Lo || Loop |- | F || Flip |- | Lz || Lutz |- | A || Axel |} Tsalle-tsalle sun haɗa da dan wasa yana tsalle zuwa sama yana juyawa cikin sauri domin sauka bayan ya kammala juyawa guda ɗaya ko fiye. Akwai nau'ikan tsalle-tsalle da dama, wadanda ake gane su ta hanyar yadda dan wasan ke tashi da sauka, gami da adadin juyawa da aka kammala. Kowane tsalle yana samun maki ne bisa darajarsa ta tushe da matakin GOE.<ref name=isu2168/> Ingancin aiwatarwa, fasaha, tsayi, gudu, tafiya cikin santsi da yawan wurin da aka rufe a kan kankara duk ana la'akari da su wajen alƙalanci. Tsallen da bai gama juyawa ba (wanda ake nuna shi da {{spaces}}<{{spaces}}) yana "rasa juyi na fiye da {{frac|1|4}}, amma ƙasa da {{frac|1|2}} na cikakken juyi" kuma yana samun kashi 70% na darajar tushe. Tsallen da aka rage wa matsayi (wanda ake nuna shi da {{spaces}}<<{{spaces}}) yana "rasa juyi na {{frac|1|2}} ko fiye". Tsalle mai ninki uku da aka rage wa matsayi ana ɗaukarsa azaman tsalle mai ninki biyu, yayin da mai ninki biyu da aka rage wa matsayi ake ɗaukarsa azaman tsalle guda ɗaya. Saba kaifi yana faruwa ne lokacin da ɗan wasa ya aiwatar da tsalle a kan kaifin da bai dace ba. Ramin ciki shine mutsi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfen takalmin kankara wanda ke samar da kaifi biyu mabanbanta, na ciki da na waje. Kaifin ciki na ƙarfen yana gefen da ke kusa da ɗan wasan, kaifin waje kuma yana gefen da ke mafi nisa daga ɗan wasan, yayin da 'santsi mai faɗi' yake nufin yin yawo a kan kaifikan guda biyu a lokaci guda, wanda ba a ƙarfafawa. Kaifi maras fitowa fili ko saba kaifi ana nuna shi da 'e' kuma yana bayyana a cikin GOE dangane da tsananin matsalar. 'Flutz' da 'lip' sune kalmomin da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun ga tsallen Lutz da flip tare da matsalar saba kaifi. A shekarar 1982, ISU ta kafa dokar cewa ɗan wasa na iya aiwatar da kowane nau'in tsalle mai ninki uku sau ɗaya kacal a shirin aiki, ko sau biyu idan ɗaya daga cikinsu an haɗa shi a cikin haɗaka ko jeri. Domin rukunin tsalle-tsalle ya kasance haɗaka, kowane tsalle dole ne ya tashi daga kaifin sauka na tsallen da ya gabata, ba tare da takawa, juyawa, ko canjin kaifi a tsakanin tsalle-tsalle ba. Ana yawan aiwatar da Toe loops da loops azaman tsalle na biyu ko na uku a cikin haɗaka saboda suna tashi ne daga baya na kaifin waje na ƙafar sauka, ko ƙafar yawo. Domin aiwatar da salchow ko flip a baya na haɗaka, ana iya amfani da 'half loop' (wanda a zahiri cikakken juyi ne, amma yana sauka a kan baya na kaifin ciki na ƙafar sauka) azaman tsallen haɗawa. Sabanin haka, jerin tsalle-tsalle rukuni ne na tsalle-tsalle waɗanda za a iya haɗa su ta hanyar tsalle-tsallen da ba a jera su ba ko ɗalle-ɗalle.<ref name=tphss/> Jerin tsalle-tsalle suna da darajar kashi 80% na haɗakar darajar irin waɗannan tsalle-tsallen da aka aiwatar a cikin haɗaka. [[File:Figure Skating.webmhd.webm|thumb|left|Bidiyo mai nuna tushen tsalle-tsalle na wasan kankara]] Ɗan wasan kankara yana buƙatar kawai ya iya tsalle ta hanyar da kowace fuska take kallo, ko dai mai bin agogo ko mai kishiyar agogo. Mafi yawancin 'yan wasan kankara sun gwammace su juya ta hanyar kishiyar agogo lokacin tsalle. Don haka, domin bayyanawa, duk tsalle-tsalle za a kwatanta su ne don ɗan wasa mai tsalle ta kishiyar agogo. Akwai tsalle-tsalle guda shida a wasan kankara waɗanda ake ƙirafawa azaman sassan tsalle. Duk guda shidan suna sauka ne a kan ƙafa ɗaya a baya na kaifin waje (tare da juyawa na kishiyar agogo, ga tsalle guda ɗaya ko ninki mai yawa), amma suna da hanyoyin tashi daban-daban, waɗanda ta hanyarsu za a iya bambanta su. Tsalle-tsalle kasu suke zuwa rukunai biyu daban-daban: tsallen yatsa da tsallen kaifi. Adadin juyawa da aka yi a sama yana ƙayyade ko tsallen guda ɗaya ne, ninki biyu, ninki uku, ko ninki huɗu (wanda aka fi sani da "quad"). Mafi sauƙi shine tsallen waltz, wanda za a iya yinsa kawai a rabin tsalle kuma ba a rarraba shi azaman tsalle guda ɗaya, ninki biyu, ko ninki uku ba. Tsalle-tsalle masu ninki uku, in ban da triple Axel, ana aiwatar da su ne ta 'yan wasa mata masu zaman kansu. Yana da wuya mace ɗan wasa ta sauka a tsallen ninki huɗu, kuma kaɗan ne daga cikin matan ke samun lambar godiya ta ninki huɗu a gasa. 'Yan wasa maza na matakin kwararru suna aiwatar da yawancin tsalle-tsalle masu ninki uku da ninki huɗu a gasa. Tsalle na ƙarshe daga cikin shida da aka sauka tas a matsayin ninki huɗu a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa shine ƙalubalen quadruple Axel. Kaɗan daga cikin 'yan wasa maza sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don sauka a wannan tsalle mai matukar wahala na juyi huɗu da rabi (musamman Zakarun daf da na karshe na Olympic sau biyu daga Japan, Yuzuru Hanyu), amma sun gaza sauka a kai lami lafiya da cikakken juyi. Tsaftataccen quad Axel na farko da aka yi nasarar sauka a kansa an yi shi ne ta hannun ɗan wasan Amurka Ilia Malinin a gasar 2022 CS U.S. Classic,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carpenter |first=Les |date=2022-09-15 |title=U.S. figure skater Ilia Malinin lands first quad axel in competition |language=en-US |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2022/09/14/ilia-malinin-figure-skating-quad-axel/ |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208062724/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2022/09/14/ilia-malinin-figure-skating-quad-axel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> shekaru 34 bayan tsallen ninki huɗu na farko a tarihi (quad toe loop) wanda Kurt Browning daga Kanada ya sauka a kai a Gasar Wasan Kankara ta Duniya ta 1988.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ap |date=1988-03-26 |title=A Quadruple Jump on Ice |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/26/sports/a-quadruple-jump-on-ice.html |access-date=2023-11-01 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=20 Apr 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420010328/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/26/sports/a-quadruple-jump-on-ice.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gudun tashi na tsalle yana iya kaiwa har zuwa quilomita 25 a kowace sa'a.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=The Canadian Press |date=2014-10-31 |title=Figure skating analytics reveals speed, height |url=https://www.therecord.com/sports/figure-skating-analytics-reveals-speed-height/article_16b48c21-b9d5-59e2-b9e3-716dd4541786.html |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=The Record |language=en}}</ref> Kafin yawancin tsalle-tsalle, ɗan wasa yana buƙatar yin yawo ta baya don gina ƙarfi da gudu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 29, 2020|title=why do figure skaters skate backwards?|url=https://skateperfect.com/why-do-figure-skaters-skate-backwards/|access-date=June 14, 2020|website=Skate Perfect|language=en-US|archive-date=June 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614153910/https://skateperfect.com/why-do-figure-skaters-skate-backwards/|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Tsallen Yatsa==== Tsallen yatsa ana tashi ne ta hanyar sokar maƙalalliyar yatsa ta takalmin kankara ɗaya cikin ƙankara, ana amfani da ita wajen harba jiki zuwa sama da gaba da ɗayan ƙafar. Babban tsallen yatsa sune (dangane da jerin darajar maki):<ref>{{cite web|title=Jumps|publisher=Holland Ice Academy|url=http://hollandiceacademy.com/en/jumps|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128001301/https://hollandiceacademy.com/en/jumps|archive-date=November 28, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> #Toe loop – ɗan wasa yana tashi ta baya daga kaifin waje na ƙafar dama (ko hagu), yana harba tsallen ta hanyar amfani da maƙalalliyar yatsa ta gaba. #Flip (wani lokacin ana kiransa toe salchow) – ɗan wasa yana tashi ta baya daga kaifin ciki na ƙafar hagu (ko dama) sannan ya taimaka wa tashin ta hanyar amfani da maƙalalliyar yatsa ta gaba. #Lutz – yana kama da flip, amma ɗan wasan yana tashi ne daga baya na kaifin *waje* na ƙafar hagu (ko dama), yana harba tsallen ta hanyar amfani da maƙalalliyar yatsa ta gaba. Duk bayanan da ke sama suna ɗaukar hanyar juyawa ta kishiyar agogo ne, suna sauka ta baya a kan kaifin waje na ƙafar dama. (Domin juyawa ta hanyar agogo, ɗan wasa yana tashi ne ta amfani da ɗayan ƙafar kuma ya sauka ta baya a kan kaifin waje na ƙafar hagu.) ====Tsallen Kaifi==== [[File:Axel Paulsen jump without text.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Tsallen Axel]] Tsallen kaifi ba ya amfani da taimakon yatsa, kuma ya haɗa da (dangane da jerin darajar maki): #Salchow – ɗan wasa yana tashi ta baya daga kaifin ciki na ƙafar hagu (ko dama), yana barin kaifin ya zagaya, ɗayan ƙafar tana taimakawa wajen harba tsallen zuwa sama. #Loop (wanda kuma aka sani da tsallen Rittberger) – ɗan wasa yana tashi ta baya daga kaifin waje na ƙafar dama (ko hagu). #Axel – ɗan wasa yana tashi ta gaba daga kaifin waje na ƙafar hagu (ko dama). Tunda wannan ne kaɗai tsalle mai juyi da ke tashi daga kaifin gaba, yana ɗauke da ƙarin rabin juyi. Maimaitawa, waɗannan bayanan suna ɗaukar hanyar juyawa ta kishiyar agogo ne, suna sauka ta baya a kan kaifin waje na ƙafar dama. (Domin juyawa ta hanyar agogo, ɗan wasa yana tashi ne ta amfani da ɗayan ƙafar kuma a koyaushe yana sauka ta baya a kan kaifin waje na ƙafar hagu.) ====Sauran Tsalle-tsalle==== Wasu tsalle-tsalle na daban yawanci ana aiwatar da su ne kawai azaman tsalle guda ɗaya kuma a cikin wasan kankara na kwararru ana amfani da su azaman motsin canji ko maki na musamman a jerin takawa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da half toe loop (ballet jump), half loop, half flip, tsallen walley, tsallen waltz, Axel na ciki, Axel ƙafa ɗaya, stag jump, da tsallen split. Akwai nau'ikan tsallen split guda biyu: *Split na Rasha, ana yinsa a matsayin da ke kama da na straddle split *Split na gaba, ana yinsa a matsayin na al'ada na split, yana fuskantar hanyar ƙafar gaba <gallery> File:2011 WFSC 4d 066 Ross Miner.JPG|Ross Miner yana shirin tsalle. File:2011 WFSC 3d 009 Denis Ten.JPG|Denis Ten yana shirin tsalle. File:2011 WFSC 3d 183 Kevin van der Perren.JPG|Kevin van der Perren yana juyawa a sama. File:Jamal Othman Jump 2 - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Jamal Othman yana sauka a kan baya na kaifin waje na dama. </gallery><gallery> File:Marissa Castelli & Simon Shnapir 2LoTh 2009 Junior Worlds.jpg|'Yan wasa biyu Marissa Castelli da Simon Shnapir suna shirin tsallen wurgawa. File:Jessica Miller & Ian Moram Throw Jump - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Ƙungiyar biyu bayan an wurga mace: Jessica Miller tana juyawa a sama. File:Anabelle Langlois & Cody Hay Throw Jump - 2006 Skate America.jpg|Anabelle Langlois tana sauka bayan aiwatar da tsallen wurgawa tare da Cody Hay. </gallery> ===Juyawa (Spins)=== '''Juyawa''' sassa ne inda ɗan wasa ke juyawa, a tsakiya a kan aya guda ɗaya a kan ƙankara, yayin da yake riƙe da matsayin jiki ɗaya ko fiye.{{sfn|Petkevich|1988|p=127}} Ana aiwatar da su ta duk rassan wasannin. Kasancewar The New York Times ta ce, "Yayin da tsalle-tsalle ke bayyana a matsayin wasa, juyawa suna bayyana ne tamkar fasaha. Yayin da tsalle-tsalle ke kawo firgici, juyawa suna samar da kyan kallo, amma akwai abubuwa da yawa game da kyan kallon fiye da yadda yawancin masu kallo ke da lokaci ko hanyar fahimta".<ref name="clarey">{{cite news |last1=Clarey |first1=Christopher |date=19 February 2014 |title=Appreciating Skating's Spins, the Art Behind the Sport |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/20/sports/olympics/appreciating-figure-skatings-spins-the-art-behind-the-sport.html |access-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227223225/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/20/sports/olympics/appreciating-figure-skatings-spins-the-art-behind-the-sport.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A cewar zakaran duniya kuma mai tsokaci kan wasan kankara Scott Hamilton, galibi ana amfani da juyawa "azaman wuraren numfasa ko canji zuwa manyan abubuwa"<ref name="clarey" /> Juyawa na wasan kankara, tare da tsalle-tsalle, spirals, da spread eagles asali abubuwa ne na fannin compulsory figures, wani lokacin abubuwa na musamman. Sabanin tsalle-tsalle, juyawa kasancewa suke wani sashe "mai kyau da ake girmamawa"{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=103}} na wasan kankara a duk tsawon ƙarni na 19. Sun samu ci gaba a tsakanin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu; zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1930, duk matakan juyawa na basira guda uku ana amfani da su.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=103}} Akwai nau'ikan juyawa guda biyu, '''juyawa na gaba''' da '''juyawa na baya'''.{{Sfn|Petkevich|1988|p=129}} Akwai matakan juyawa na basira guda uku: '''upright spin''', '''sit spin''', da '''camel spin'''. 'Yan wasa kuma suna aiwatar da '''flying spins''' da '''combination spins'''.{{Sfn|Kestnbaum|2003|p=280}}<gallery> File:2020-01-11 Women's Single Figure Skating Short Program (2020 Winter Youth Olympics) by Sandro Halank–018.jpg|Camel spin File:2011 Figure Skating WC Tomáš Verner (4).jpg|Sit spin File:Elena Sokolova 04 NHK 2.jpg|Upright spin File:Dominika Piatkowska & Dmitri Khromin Spin - 2006 Skate America.jpg|Juyawar camel ta biyu File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-U1215-0046, Sabine Baeß, Tassilo Thierbach.jpg|Juyawa ta biyu tare da mace a layback da namiji a sit spin File:2012 WFSC 07d 843 Polina Korobeynikova.JPG|Layback spin tare da riƙe ƙafa File:2011 Cup of China Yuzuru Hanyu.jpg|Biellmann spin File:Joubert 09Eurosp by Carmichael.jpg|Death drop </gallery> ===Sawa a Sama (Lifts)=== [[File:Maria Mukhortova and Maxim Trankov at 2010 European Championships (3).jpg|thumb|upright|'Yan wasa biyu suna aiwatar da sa mutum a sama da hannu ɗaya]] '''Ɗaga mutum na wasan kankara''' abubuwa ne da ake buƙata a wasan biyu da raye-rayen kankara.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, pp. 115–116, 118–119, 142, 145</ref> Akwai rukunai biyar na '''ɗaga mutum a wasan biyu''', waɗanda aka rarraba su ta tsarin ƙaruwar matakin wahala.<ref name="ISU2022-109"/> Alƙalai suna duba abubuwa masu zuwa lokacin da suke auna ɗaga mutum a wasan biyu: gudun shiga da fita; iko da ƙafar macen da ba ta ƙasa ba lokacin da take fita daga ɗagawan, tare da burin sa ƙafar a sama da sharewa; matsayin macen a sama; takun ƙafar namijin; canjin matsayi cikin sauri da sauƙi; da kiyaye santsi a duk lokacin ɗagawan.<ref name="skatecanada">{{cite web |title=Skating Glossary |url=https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043409/https://skatecanada.ca/glossary/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=6 August 2022 |website=Skate Canada}}</ref> '''Twist lifts''' sune "sashe mafi firgita da ban sha'awa a wasan biyu".<ref name="skatecanada" /> Suna kuma iya kasancewa motsi mafi wahala wajen aiwatarwa da kyau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2022 |title=Special Regulations & Technical Rules Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2022 |url=https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/rules/sandp-handbooks-faq/21817-tp-handbook-pairs-2019-2020-final-corrected/file |access-date=August 6, 2022 |publisher=International Skating Union |archive-date=August 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807002723/https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/rules/sandp-handbooks-faq/21817-tp-handbook-pairs-2019-2020-final-corrected/file |url-status=live }}</ref> Suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi da haɗin kai fiye da sauran sassan wasan biyu, kuma yawanci sune sassa na farko ko na biyu a cikin shirin aiki. A cewar Ƙungiyar Wasan Kankara ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa (ISU), "Dole ne a kama Macen a sama ta ƙugu ta hannun Namijin kafin sauka kuma a taimaka mata wajen sauka cikin santsi a kan ƙankara a kan baya na kaifin waje a kan ƙafa ɗaya"<ref>Tech panel, p. 26</ref> lokacin twist lift. ISU ta fassara '''ɗaga mutum na raye-raye''' a matsayin "motsi wanda ɗaya daga cikin abokan haɗaka yake a sama tare da taimakon gani da/ko a fuka-fuki na ɗayan abokin haɗaka zuwa kowane tsayi da aka yarda da shi, a riƙe shi a can sannan a ajiye shi a kan ƙankara".<ref name="ISU2021-126">S&P/ID 2022, p. 130</ref> Ɗaga mutum na raye-raye an bambanta shi da na wasan biyu domin tabbatar da cewa raye-rayen ƙankara da wasan biyu sun kasance rassa daban-daban.<ref name="hostilerules2">{{cite news |last1=Reiter |first1=Susan |date=1 March 1995 |title=Ice Dancing: A Dance Form Frozen in Place by Hostile Rules |work=Dance Magazine |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ice+dancing%3A+a+dance+form+frozen+in+place+by+hostile+rules.-a016771634 |access-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-date=August 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802024753/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ice%20dancing%3A%20a%20dance%20form%20frozen%20in%20place%20by%20hostile+rules.-a016771634 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bayan tsarin alƙalanci ya canza daga Tsarin 6.0 zuwa Tsarin Alƙalanci na ISU (IJS), ɗaga mutum na raye-raye ya kasance mafi "motsa jiki, wasan kwaikwayo da ban sha'awa".<ref name="dangerous">{{cite web |last1=Brannen |first1=Sarah S. |date=13 July 2012 |title=Dangerous Drama: Dance Lifts Becoming 'Scary' |url=http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120713&content_id=34870028&vkey=ice_news |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106105909/http://www.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120713&content_id=34870028&vkey=ice_news |archive-date=6 November 2017 |access-date=February 27, 2023 |publisher=Ice Network}}</ref> Akwai nau'ikan ɗaga mutum na raye-raye guda biyu: '''gajeren ɗagawa''', wanda ya kamata a yi shi a ƙarƙashin daƙiƙa bakwai; da '''haɗakar ɗagawa''', wanda ya kamata a yi shi a ƙarƙashin daƙiƙa 12.<ref name="ISU2021-126"/> Shirin raye-raye na kyauta mai daidaito a raye-rayen ƙankara dole ne ya haɗa da ɗaga mutum na raye-raye.<ref>S&P/ID 2022, p. 145</ref> === Juwaya, matakai, da motsi === Tare da sauran nau'o'in guje-guje a kan kankara, 'figure skating' yana daya daga cikin ayyukan da 'dan Adam ke amfani da karfin jikinsa wajen yi inda tafiya da baya take da muhimmanci sosai ga bangaren. Ikon yin skating da kyau ta baya da gaba ana daukar su da muhimmanci daidai wa daida, kamar yadda sauyawa tsakanin biyun ke da muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iceskating.org.uk/learn-to-skate|title=Learn how to Ice Skate – Skate UK – Basic Skills Programme|website=iceskating.org.uk|access-date=April 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122152607/https://www.iceskating.org.uk/learn-to-skate|archive-date=January 22, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learntoskateusa.com/|title=Home – Learn to Skate USA|last=USA|first=Learn To Skate|website=learntoskateusa.com|language=en|access-date=July 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707225326/https://learntoskateusa.com/|archive-date=July 7, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayyukan matakai (step sequences) muhimmin abu ne da ake bukata a duk fannonin Olympic hudu. Tsarin zai iya kasancewa madaidaiciya, mai zagaye, ko mai jujjuyawa. Tsarin matakai ya kunshi hade-haden juwaya, matakai, tsalle-tsalle, da sauye-sauyen gefen ruwa. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da matakai da juwaya a matsayin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin sassa. Daban-daban juwaya da masu skating za su iya sawa a cikin tsarin matakan sun hada da: <gallery> File:Threeturn.GIF|Three-turn: wukarsa tana juyawa zuwa cikin karkatar gefe ko kwana. File:Bracket.GIF|Bracket turn: ana juyar da wukar gaba da karkatar kwanan. File:Mohawk-trace.png|Mohawk: tamkar juyawar kafafu biyu </gallery><gallery> File:Rocker turn.gif|Rocker: juyawar kafa daya da ke tattare da sauyin karkata gami da shegida File:Counter.GIF|Counter: juyawar kafa daya da ke tattare da sauyin karkata gami da shegida File:2011 WFSC 2d 259 Siobhan Heekin-Canedy Alexander Shakalov.JPG|Twizzles: tafiya ana juyawa sau da yawa a kafa daya </gallery> Choctaws su ne tamkar kafa biyu na rockers da counters. Sauran motse-motsen da za a iya sawa a cikin tsarin matakai ko amfani da su a matsayin abubuwan haɗawa sun haɗa da lunges da spread eagles. Ina Bauer yana kama da spread eagle da ake yi da gwiwa ɗaya a karkace kuma yawanci baya a mika. Hydroblading yana nufin zurfafa gefen ruwa da aka yi da jiki a matsayin mafi kanci zuwa ƙankara a kusan matsayin kwance. Moves in the field tsari ne da aka rigaya aka ayyana da ke nuna ainihin ƙwarewar skating da sarrafa gefen ruwa. A cikin tsarin shirin gasa, sun haɗa da tsare-tsare da za su iya haɗawa da spirals, spread eagles, Ina Bauers, hydroblading, da sauran makamantan motsin mika gefe, tare da loops, twizzles, da nau'o'in juwaya daban-daban. Spiral wani bangare ne wanda dan wasan ke motsawa a kan kankara a kan wani gefe na musamman tare da 'yantacciyar kafa a matakin kwakwalwan ciki ko sama da haka. Ana rarrabe spirals ta hanyar gefen ruwa da aka yi amfani da shi (na ciki ko na waje), shugabancin motsi (gaba ko baya), da matsayin dan wasan. Tsarin spiral shine matsayi daya ko fiye na spiral da gefuna da aka yi a biye da juna. Alƙalai suna duba zurfi, kwanciyar hankali, da sarrafa gefen skating, saurin tafiya, rufe fannin kankara, mika jiki, da sauran abubuwa. Waɗansu masu skating za su iya canza gefe yayin spiral, wato daga gefen ciki zuwa na waje. Spirals da aka yi a kan "kwance" gabaɗaya ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin ingantattun spirals. Ana buƙatar tsarin spiral a cikin skating na mata da na ma'aurata kafin kakar 2012–13,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jsfresults.com/data/fs/pdfs/comm/comm1672e.pdf|title=Communication No. 1672 – Single & Pair Skating – Amendments to the Scale of Values, Guidelines for marking Grade of Execution and Levels of Difficulty, season 2011–2012|date=May 5, 2011|publisher=ISU|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501131522/http://www.jsfresults.com/data/fs/pdfs/comm/comm1672e.pdf|archive-date=May 1, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma daga kakar figure skating ta 2012–13 zuwa gaba, an mayar da su tsarin choreographic sequence. Tsarin choreographic na dauke da moves in the field, tsalle-tsalle marasa jerawa, motsin jujjuya, da sauransu kuma ana buƙatar sa don shirin 'yanci na maza, mata da ma'aurata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usfigureskating.org/content/TN%20103%20Singles%20Choreographic%20Sequence%206%2021%2012.pdf|title=Technical Notification 103|date=June 21, 2012|website=usfigureskating.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030175053/http://www.usfigureskating.org/content/TN%20103%20Singles%20Choreographic%20Sequence%206%2021%2012.pdf|archive-date=October 30, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17594-tp-handbook-singles-2018-19/file|title=ISU Judging System − Technical Panel Handbook − Single Skating − 2018/2019|page=5|date=July 19, 2018|website=ISU.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725203739/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17594-tp-handbook-singles-2018-19/file|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17595-tp-handbook-pair-skating-2018-19/file|title=ISU Judging System − Technical Panel Handbook − Pair Skating − 2018/2019|page=5|date=July 19, 2018|website=ISU.org|access-date=November 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725203752/https://www.isu.org/inside-single-pair-skating-ice-dance/isu-judging-system-fs/isu-handbooks-faq-sandp-skating-2/17595-tp-handbook-pair-skating-2018-19/file|archive-date=July 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Death spiral wani muhimmin abu ne da ake bukata a skating na ma'aurata. Akwai nau'o'i hudu da aka rarrabe ta hanyar gefen ruwa na mace da shugabancin motsi. Namiji yana yin pivot, tare da kafa daya a kafe a kan kankara, yayin da yake rike da hannun abokiyar zamansa, wacce ke zagaye shi a kan zurfafa gefe tare da jikinta kusan daidai da kankara. Daga shekarar 2011, dole ne kan mace a wani lokaci ya kai gwiwarta ta skating. Dole ne namiji shima ya kasance a cikakken matsayin pivot kuma dole ne a rike death spiral din na wani karamin yawan juyawa, ya danganta da matakin. <gallery> File:Jenni Vahamaa 2008 Junior Worlds.jpg|Matsayin spiral na asali na gefen waje tare da 'yantacciyar kafa mai zaman kanta a bayan jiki File:Maria Mukhortova & Maxim Trankov - 2006 Skate America.jpg|Spiral na gefen waje na ma'aurata a matsayin kama-kafa File:McLaughlin Brubaker Death Spiral.jpg|Death spiral na baya na ciki File:Kristina Gorshkova & Vitali Butikov 2005 Croatia Cup.jpg|Gajeren madubin spread eagles tare da namiji a gefen ciki da mace a gefen waje File:Tugba Karademir Ina Bauer - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Ina Bauer 2010 Canadian Championships Dance - Kharis Ralph - Asher Hill - 2024a.jpg|Rawa ta Zakarun Kanada File:2011 WFSC 4d 002 Kim Lucine.JPG|Hydroblading File:2012 Rostelecom Cup 02d 800 Tessa VIRTUE Scott MOIR.JPG|Namiji mai rawa a kan kankara a matsayin dukawa na Besti yayin da yake daga abokiyar zamansa File:2019 Skate Canada International - Yuzuru Hanyu SP.jpg|Spread eagle </gallery> == Tsarin gasar da maki == [[File:Riku Miura and Ryuichi Kihara performing a cantilever during their short program at the 2024-25 Grand Prix Final.jpg|thumb|Masu tsalle ma'aurata Riku Miura da Ryuichi Kihara yayin da suke gabatar da 'cantilever' a lokacin gajeren shirin su a gasar 2024-25 Grand Prix Final]] Hukumar ISU (International Skating Union) ita ce hukumar da ke gudanar da gasannin kasa da kasa na figure skating, ciki har da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi figure skating a Wasannin Olympic na Lokacin Sanyi. Ana ba da lambobin yabo don sakamakon gaba ɗaya; tsaitattun lambobin yabo su ne zinari don wanda ya zo na ɗaya, azurfa don na biyu, da tagulla don na uku. Hukumar U.S. Figure Skating ita ma tana ba da lambobin yabo na pewter ga waɗanda suka kammala a matsayi na huɗu a gasannin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, Yurope, Nahiyoyi Huɗu, da na Matasa na Duniya, ISU tana ba da ''karamar lambar yabo'' don sakamakon sashin shiri (gajeren shiri da na kyauta) (Tuntuni daga shekarar 2009). Gabaɗaya ana danganta lambar yabo ga ƙasa ɗaya kawai, ko da kuwa haɗin gwiwar 'yan wasan ya ƙunshi masu tsalle daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Banbanci na musamman shine haɗin gwiwar ma'aurata tsakanin Ludowika Eilers da Walter Jakobsson; lambobin yabon su na 1910–11 an danganta su ga Jamus da Finland duka.<ref name=WCP/> Baya ga farkon karni na 20, ba a amince wa 'yan wasa damar wakiltar ƙasashe biyu a gasa guda ɗaya ba. A gasar figure skating ta ɗayansu ko ma'aurata, 'yan wasa suna gabatar da shirye-shirye biyu: gajeren shiri (short program), wanda a ciki suke kammala jerin abubuwan da ake buƙata da suka ƙunshi tsalle-tsalle, jujjuyawa da matakai; da kuma 'free skate', wanda kuma ake kira ''dogon shiri'', inda suke da zaɓi mai faɗi na abubuwa. A ƙarƙashin tsarin 6.0 da kuma Tsarin Shari'a na ISU, alƙalai suna duba "cikakken kunshin" yayin kimanta aiki, wato, mafi kyawun mai tsalle ba kowane lokaci yake samun matsayi na farko ba idan alƙalai suna ganin banbancin tsallensa ya ragu saboda gudun wani mai tsallen, jujjuyawarsa, gabatarwarsa, da sauransu.<ref name=nyt970216/><ref name=CBS981202/> Gasannin rawar ƙankara (ice dance) a da sun ƙunshi matakai guda uku: rawar tilas guda ɗaya ko fiye; rawar asali zuwa rawar ballroom wadda ake ayyanawa kowace shekara; da 'free dance' zuwa waƙar da 'yan wasan suka zaɓa da kansu. Fara daga kakar 2010–11, an haɗa rawar tilas da ta asali zuwa gajeren rawa (short dance), wanda aka sake masa suna zuwa ''rhythm dance'' a watan Yunin 2018, kafin kakar 2018–19. === Lambobin Yabo === Sakamako:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.soyouwanttowatchfs.com/guides/competition-overview |title=Introduction to Figure Skating Competitions |access-date=January 11, 2024 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325212812/https://www.soyouwanttowatchfs.com/guides/competition-overview |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Cikakken Lambobin Yabo (Mataki 1 + Mataki 2) ==== Lambobin yabo da aka ba masu tsalle da suka samun mafi tsayin matsayi gaba ɗaya a kowane fanni. ==== Karamar Lambar Yabo ==== Karamar lambar yabo ana ba da ita ne kawai a Gasannin ISU tun daga shekarar 2009:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fsuniverse.net/forum/threads/short-program-medal-at-worlds.103810/ |title=Short Program medal at worlds |date=April 8, 2018 |access-date=January 11, 2024 |archive-date=February 1, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201215136/https://www.fsuniverse.net/forum/threads/short-program-medal-at-worlds.103810/ |url-status=live }}</ref> '''Mataki 1 =''' Karamar lambar yabo da aka ba masu tsalle da suka samu mafi tsayin matsayi a gajeren shiri (short program) ko rhythm dance a kowane fanni. '''Mataki 2 =''' Karamar lambar yabo da aka ba masu tsalle da suka samu mafi tsayin matsayi a free skating ko free dance a kowane fanni. Karamar lambar yabo ana ba da ita kawai a Gasannin ISU: # World Figure Skating Championships # World Junior Figure Skating Championships # European Figure Skating Championships # Four Continents Figure Skating Championships Ba a ba da Karamar lambar yabo a: # Figure skating at the Olympic Games # ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating # ko duk wata gasar ƙasa da ƙasa === Tsarin 6.0 === Tunduni ana yanke hukuncin skating ne don "cancantar fasaha" (a cikin free skate), "abubuwan da ake buƙata" (a cikin gajeren shiri), da kuma "gabatarwa" (a cikin shirye-shiryen duka biyu).<ref name=CBS981202/> Makin kowane shiri yana fara daga 0.0 zuwa 6.0, wanda na karshen shine mafi girma. Waɗannan makin an yi amfani da su don ƙayyade jerin fifiko (ko "ordinal") daban ga kowane alƙali; sannan aka haɗa fifikon alƙalan don ƙayyade matsayi ga kowane mai tsalle a kowane shiri. Matsayin shirye-shiryen biyu an haɗa su, tare da matsayin free skate wanda aka fi yi wa nauyi fiye da gajeren shiri. Mutumin da ya samu matsayi mafi girma (bisa la'akari da jimillar matsayi mai nauyi) shi ne aka bayyana a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara.<ref name=6.0>{{cite web|url=http://www.usfsa.org/programs?id=84139|title=The 6.0 System|access-date=November 21, 2018|website=usfsa.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121161756/http://www.usfsa.org/programs?id=84139|archive-date=November 21, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Tsarin Shari'a na ISU === A shekara ta 2004, a matsayin martani ga saɓani na alƙalai a lokacin Wasannin Olympic na Lokacin Sanyi na 2002, ISU ta ɗauki Tsarin Shari'a na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IJS), wanda ya zama tilas a duk gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a 2006, ciki har da Wasannin Olympic na Lokacin Sanyi na 2006. Sabon tsarin wani lokacin ana kiransa a hukumance da Code of Points, duk da haka, ISU ba ta taɓa amfani da kalmar wajen bayyana tsarin su a cikin duk wata hanyar sadarwa ta hukuma ba. A ƙarƙashin IJS, ana ba da maki ɗaya bayan ɗaya ga kowane fanni na skating, kuma jimillar waɗannan maki shine ''total element score'' (TES). Shirye-shiryen gasa an takaita su don haɗawa da adadin abubuwan da aka tsara. Kowane fanni masanin fasaha ne yake fara yanke masa hukunci wanda ke gano takamaiman abu kuma yake ƙayyade ''base value'' dinsa. Ana yin hakan ne ta amfani da bidiyon sake kallo nan take don tabbatar da fasalulluka da ke bambanta abubuwa daban-daban; misali ainihin matsayin ƙafa a lokacin tashi da saukar tsalle. Sannan kwamitin alƙalai tara kowannensu yana ba da maki don inganci da aikatar da abun. Wannan maki, wanda ake kira ''grade of execution'' (GOE), lamba ce mai cikakken daraja tare da mafi karancin lamba −5 da mafi girman lamba +5.<ref name=isu2168/> Makin GOE sannan ana fassara shi zuwa wata darajar ta hanyar amfani da teburin darajoji a cikin dokar ISU 322. Mafi girma da mafi ƙarancin darajoji ana cire su, sannan a ƙididdige matsakaicin. Wannan matsakaicin daraja sannan ana ƙara shi zuwa (ko ragewa daga) base value don ƙayyade cikakken darajar abun. A baya, makin GOE daga alƙalai tara ana sarrafa su da zaɓin kwamfuta na bazata kuma ana ƙididdige matsakaicin sauran bakwai.<ref name=judging/> Lura: IJS a baya ya yi amfani da ma'aunin GOE na −3 zuwa +3, amma an haɗa wannan don kakar 2018–19.<ref name="isu2089" /> ''Program components score'' (PCS) yana ba da maki ga gaba ɗaya fasalullukan shiri ko sauran abubuwa da ba a ba da lada a cikin ''total element score'' ba. Bangarorin su ne: :* '''''Composition''''': Wannan yana kimanta yadda aka tsara shirin dangane da waƙar; yaya aka haɗa abubuwa daban-daban; yaya ake amfani da sararin da ake da shi; yaya tsarin raye-rayen ke nuna yanayin waƙa da tsarinta? :* '''''Presentation''''': Wannan yana kimanta yadda ake gabatar da shirin; menene mai tsallen yake nunawa da fitarwa; wace ƙarfi ake ƙirƙira; menene fahimtar waƙa da lokaci; ga Ma'aurata, Ice Dance da Synchronized skating, shin skating ɗin yana tafiya a sauƙaƙe da nuna wayewar kan sarari? :* '''''Skating skills''''': Wannan maki yana kimanta ikon mai tsalle wajen riƙe wuka a kan ƙankara, ciki har da ikon yin skating da ƙarfi da sauƙi. Alƙalai suna duba bambancin da bayyanar gefuna, daidaito, sarrafa jiki, juwaya, matakai, gudana, ƙarfi da gudu.<ref name="ISU Media Guide 23-24">{{cite web | title=ISU Figure Skating Media Guide 2023/24 | url=https://www.isu.org/media-centre/guides/media/32039-figure-skating-media-guide-2023-24/file | date=20 September 2023 | access-date=12 October 2023 | archive-date=December 9, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209012313/https://www.isu.org/media-centre/guides/media/32039-figure-skating-media-guide-2023-24/file | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="US Rulebook 22-23">{{cite web| title= THE 2023-24 OFFICIAL U.S. FIGURE SKATING RULEBOOK| url= https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/2023-24%20Rulebook.pdf| access-date= 2023-09-19| archive-date= September 28, 2023| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230928020928/https://www.usfigureskating.org/sites/default/files/media-files/2023-24%20Rulebook.pdf| url-status= live}}</ref> Cikakken bayani game da kowane bangare yana nan a cikin dokar ISU 322.2. Alƙalai suna ba kowane bangare maki daga 0 zuwa 10 a rassan 0.25, tare da makin 5 aka bayyana shi a matsayin "matsakaici". Ga kowane bangare daban, maki ana zaɓarsu, cire mafi girma da kanci, sannan a sami matsakaicinsu kamar yadda ake ƙayyade ''grade of execution''. Makin matsakaicin da aka rage sannan ana fassara su zuwa factored mark ta hanyar ninka tare da factor wanda ya danganta da fanni, sashin gasa, da mataki. Sannan maki hudu (ko biyar) ana haɗa su don ba da na ƙarshe na PCS. ''Total element score'' da ''program components score'' ana haɗa su don ba da jimillar maki na sashin gasa (TSS). Matsayin ƙarshe na mai tsalle ana ƙayyade shi ta hanyar jimillar makin su a duk sassan gasa. Ba a amfanin da tsarin matsayi na ordinal don ƙayyade sakamakon ƙarshe. ===Sauran alƙalanci da gasa=== Akwai kuma gasannin skating da aka shirya don kwararrun masu skating ta hannun masu tallata masu zaman kansu. Waɗannan gasannin suna amfani da dokokin alƙalanci da duk wanda ya shirya gasar ya gindaya. Babu "Ƙungiyar ƙwararru". Sanannun gasannin ƙwararru a baya sun haɗa da World Professional Championships, Challenge Of Champions, da Canadian Professional Championships. Hukumar Ice Skating Institute (ISI), wata ƙungiyar cinikayya ta rukunin ƙankara ta ƙasa da ƙasa, tana gudanar da gaba da tsarin gasa da gwaji da aka kafa don masu skating na shakatawa. Da farko tana da hedkwata a Minnesota, yanzu ƙungiyar tana gudanar da ayyukanta daga Dallas, Texas. Gasannin ISI suna buɗe wa kowane memba da ya yi rajistar gwajinsa. Akwai gasannin "cancanta" kaɗan sosai, kodayake wasu yankuna suna gudanar da Gold Competitions don waɗanda suka yi nasara a matsayi na farko na kakar. Gasannin ISI sun shahara sosai a ƙasashen Asiya waɗanda ba su da ƙungiyoyin mambobin ISU da aka kafa. Wasannin Gay Games su ma sun haɗa da gasannin skating don ma'aurata maza da maza ko mata da mata a ƙarƙashin ɗaukar nauyin ISI. Sauran gasannin figure skating na manya su ma suna jan hankalin masu halarta daga al'adu daban-daban. == Matsayi na duniya da mafi kyawun sakamakon kakar wasa == === Matsayi na duniya === Ana lissafin '''matsayi na duniya (WS)''' na mai guje-guje akan kankara/ma'aurata ne bisa sakamakon da aka samu a halin yanzu da kuma kakar wasanni guda biyu da suka gabata. Masu gasa suna samun maki ne bisa tsayawarsu ta karshe a wani taro da kuma nauyin taron. Taron da ke gaba suna samun maki:<ref name=isuws/> * Gasar ISU (Gasar Duniya, Turai, Nahiyoyi Hudu, da Gasar Junior ta Duniya) da Wasannin Olimpic na Lokacin Sanyi: Mafi kyawun sakamako ta maki a kowace kakar wasa, mafi kyawun sakamako guda biyu ta maki a kakar wasanni uku. * ISU Grand Prix na Figure Skating da Final (manya da yara): Mafi kyawun sakamako guda biyu ta maki a kowace kakar wasa, mafi kyawun sakamako guda hudu ta maki a kakar wasanni uku. * Gasar kalandar duniya ta manya: Mafi kyawun sakamako guda biyu ta maki a kowace kakar wasa, mafi kyawun sakamako guda hudu ta maki a kakar wasanni uku. Bayan Gasar Duniya ta kakar wasa ta halin yanzu, ana goge sakamakon kakar wasa ta farko. Sabuwar abota tana farawa ne da maki zero; babu saurin canja makin WS idan ma'auratan guje-guje ko raye-rayen kankara suka rabu kuma suka kafa sabuwar abota. Wadannan matsayi ba lallai ne su nuna kwarewar mai guje-guje (masu guje-guje) ba. Saboda iyakancewar shiga gasa (ba fiye da uku daga kowace kasa ba), da kuma mabanbantan adadin masu guje-guje masu daraja ta sama a kowace kasa, masu guje-guje daga wasu kasashe na iya samun matsala wajen cancantar yin gasa a manyan tarurruka. Don haka, mai guje-guje da yake da karancin SB amma daga kasar da take da karancin masu guje-guje masu matsayi na sama na iya cancanta zuwa babban taro yayin da mai guje-guje da yake da mafi girman SB amma daga kasar da take da fiye da masu guje-guje uku masu matsayi na sama ba za a iya tura shi ba. Sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa mai guje-guje da ke samun maki mai yawa a kowane lokaci ya kare da samun karancin matsayi na duniya. Ana lissafin '''matsayi na duniya na kakar wasa''' na mai guje-guje/ma'aurata kamar yadda ake lissafin matsayin duniya gaba daya amma ya dogara ne kawai akan sakamakon kakar wasa mai gudana.<ref name =isuws/> === Mafi kyawun sakamakon kakar wasa === '''Mafi kyawun sakamakon kakar wasa (SB)''' na mai guje-guje/ma'aurata shi ne maki mafi girma da aka samu a tsawon wata kakar wasa ta musamman. Akwai SB na jimillar maki da kuma maki na sassan daban-daban (shirye-shiryen gajeru/raye-rayen rhythmic, guje-guje na kyauta/raye-rayen kyauta). Makin da aka samu a zababbun gasannin kasa da kasa kawai ake la'akari da su; makin da aka samu a gasannin gida da wasu tarurrukan kasa da kasa ana yin watsi da su. Mafi kyawun jimillar maki na kowane mai guje-guje ko ma'aurata yana bayyana ne a jerin mafi kyawun sakamakon kakar wasa,<ref name=isustats>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/statistics|title=Statistics Personal & Season's Best|publisher=ISU|access-date=November 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205015050/https://www.isu.org/statistics|archive-date=December 5, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> kuma ana iya amfani da jerin wajen taimakawa wajen tantance wadanda za su shiga jerin Grand Prix na kakar wasa mai zuwa. Masu guje-guje da ma'aurata suna da makin '''mafi kyawun sakamako na kashin kai (PB)''', wato makin mafi girma da suka samu a duk tsawon aikinsu, ta fuskar jimillar maki da makin sassan daban-daban. Sai dai kuma, makin PB ba za a iya kwatanta su sosai ba idan aka same su a kakannin wasa mabanbanta saboda ana yi wa dokokin ISU da dokokin fasaha gyara kafin kowace sabuwar kakar wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isu.org/isu-statutes-constitution-regulations-technical|title=ISU Statutes, Constitution, Regulations & Technical Rules (2018)|publisher=ISU|access-date=November 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124222003/https://www.isu.org/isu-statutes-constitution-regulations-technical|archive-date=November 24, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Za a iya samun sharuudda mabanbanta da aka gindaya don samun wani matsayi; abubuwan da ake bukata na iya canzawa kuma ana iya yarda da sabbin abubuwa (alali misali, an yarda da quads guda biyu a gajeren shirin tun daga kakar wasa ta 2010–11); kuma darajar maki na iya canzawa (alali misali, an kara darajar quads bayan Olimpic na 2010, kuma ba a kara ba da matsayi ga jerin matakai na biyu a gasar maza). Sakamakon wadannan bambance-bambance a bukatun fasaha, ISU tana ba da muhimmanci sosai ga mafi kyawun sakamakon kakar wasa, wadanda za a iya kwatanta su sosai a tsawon kowace kakar wasa guda daya. == Waka da tufafi == === Waka === Don shirye-shiryen gasa, a baya an iyakance masu guje-gujen kankara zuwa kadaye kadai; ana yarda da sautin murya kawai idan ba ya dauke da kalmomi ko rera waka.<ref name=vocalsnote/> Daga kakar wasa ta 1997–98, ISU ta yanke shawarar ba da damar rera waka ko kalmomi a cikin wakokin raye-rayen kankara. Koda yake ba a saukaka dokokin ga guda daya ko ma'aurata ba, alkalai ba koyaushe suke yin da'a akan laifuka ba. A Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta 2011, wakoki na dogon shirin Florent Amodio sun dauki kalmomi amma karancin alkalai suka kada kuri'ar rage maki.<ref name=w11mlp/> A cikin watan Yuni 2012, ISU ta kadata kuri'ar ba masu guje-guje daga dukkan fannoni damar zabar waka mai kalmomi a cikin shirye-shiryen gasarsu tun daga kakar wasa ta 2014–15.<ref name=NYT140218/><ref name=IN140716/> Masu guje-guje suna iya amfani da masu gyara waka kwararru domin wakarsu ta cika bukatun da ake bukata.<ref name=NDN140217/> Masu raye-rayen kankara ana bukatarsu da su yi tsalle zuwa waka mai tsayayyen sautin duka ko guda. Masu guje-guje guda daya da ma'aurata galibi suna guje-guje ne zuwa sauti da saurin wakarsu. Don dogon shiri, masu guje-gujen kankara galibi suna neman waka mai yanayi da sauri mabanbanta.<ref name=IN120423/> Zabukan waka na baje koli ba su da tsauri sosai idan aka kwatanta da shirye-shiryen gasa. === Tufafi === [[File:Mone Chiba of Japan at 2025 Skate Canada International. 01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Misalin kayan guje-gujen kankara na mata (Mone Chiba a gasar Skate Canada International ta 2025)]] Galibi masu guje-guje suna da 'yancin zabar kayansu, tare da 'yan iyakoki kaɗan. A gasa, mata suna iya saka rigar dress, yawanci tare da gajeren wando mai dacewa a haɗe. An kirkiro wannan dokar tufafi ne a matsayin martani ga kayan Katarina Witt da kuma rawar da ta taka a Wasannin Olimpic na Lokacin Sanyi na 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What not to wear: The rules of fashion on the ice |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/01/21/figure-skating-fashion-rules |access-date=2021-05-02 |website=MPR News |date=January 21, 2016 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210055916/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2016/01/21/figure-skating-fashion-rules |url-status=live }}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, an fadada dokar don ba mata damar saka wando.<ref name=ST041205/> Suna iya saka matsattsen wando mai launin fata a karkashin riguna da siket, wanda zai iya mika har zuwa rufe takalmansu na kankara. Maza dole ne su saka wando{{snd}}ba a ba su damar saka matsattsen wando (tights) ba, koda yake jami'ai ba koyaushe suke rage maki don laifuka ba.<ref name=GS121031/> Ba a buqatar dacewar tufafi a guje-gujen kankara na ma'aurata da raye-rayen kankara.<ref name=AS120818/> Tufafin gasa suna bambanta sosai, daga saukakkan samfura zuwa tufafi masu adosawa ko na roba. Masu guje-guje suna fuskantar hatsarin rage maki idan wani sashe na kayansu ya fadi akan saman kankara. Jami'i yana iya tsayar da shiri idan ya dauki hakan a matsayin hatsari. Masu guje-guje da 'yan uwa suna iya tsara kayansu, wani lokacin tare da taimako daga kocin su ko mai tsara rawa, ko kuma su koma ga masu tsara kaya kwararru.<ref name=AS120818/><ref name=IN120820cos/><ref name=AS120914/><ref name=AS121004/> Tufafi suna iya cin kudin dubban doli idan mai yin kaya na babban matsayi ne ya tsara su. Bisa dokokin ISU na halin yanzu, tufafi a gasa dole ne su kasance masu dacewa, ba masu bayyana tsaraicta ba, kuma sun dace da shirye-shiryen gajeru da dogaye. Tufafi ba ya kamata su kasance masu nuna fariya ko banbarrakai a halitta ba. Tufafi, duk da haka, suna iya nuna nau'in waka da aka zaba.<ref name=isuSFTR/> Koda yake amfani da masana'anta mai launin fata yana nufin tufafin galibi ba su da bayyanawa kamar yadda suke iya gani, an sha yin yunkurin hana tufafin da ke ba da fahimtar "tsaraici mai yawa" ko kuma wadanda ba su dace da gasar wasanni ba.<ref name=usfsa99rb/> Gaba daya, ba a yarda da kayayyakin haɗi ko kayan taimako a gasa ba.<ref name=isuSFTR/> ISU ta ba da damar tohaci don raye-rayen asali a kakar wasa ta 2007–08 amma ba tun daga lokacin ba. == Cancanta == === Cancantar shekaru === Don yin gasa a matakin kasa da kasa na manya, dole ne masu guje-guje kan kankara su kasance suna da akalla shekaru 17 kafin ranar 1 ga Yuli na shekarar da ta gabata. Don samun cancantar shiga tarurrukan matakin matasa (junior), dole ne mai guje-guje ya kasance yana da akalla shekaru 13 amma bai kai shekaru 19 ba kafin wannan ranar (ko shekaru 21 ga maza masu guje-guje biyu-biyu da masu raye-rayen kankara na maza da mata).<ref name=espn/><ref name=isuage/> Dole ne mai guje-guje ya cika buqatar shekaru ''kafin'' ranar 1 ga Yuli ta yi a wurin haihuwarsa. Alal misali, an haifi Adelina Sotnikova 'yan awanni kadan bayan shiga ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1996, a Moscow, kuma sakamakon haka, ba ta samu cancantar yin gasa a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ba har sai shekara ta 2011 da kuma Gasar Manya ta Duniya har sai shekara ta 2013.<ref name=se1210/> Dokokin ISU suna aiki ne akan tarurrukan kasa da kasa. Kasashe da yawa ba su da buqatar shekaru don gasannin gida wadanda ba na ISU ba, don haka, wasu masu guje-guje suna yin gasa a matakin manya a cikin kasa yayin da ba su cika cancantar yin gasa ta kasa da kasa ba. Hukumar ISU ta yi gyara ga dokokin shekarunta sau da yawa. Kafin shekarun 1990, shekaru 12 shi ne mafi karancin shekaru don gasannin kasa da kasa na manya.<ref name=cbs980615/> An gabatar da sabbin dokoki a shekara ta 1996, wadanda suka buqaci masu guje-guje su kasance suna da akalla shekaru 15 kafin ranar 1 ga Yuli na shekarar da ta gabata don yin gasa a Wasannin Olimpic, Gasar Duniya, Turai, ko Nahiyoyi Hudu.<ref name=espn/> Mafi karancin shekaru ga dukkan sauran tarurrukan kasa da kasa na manya shi ne shekaru 14 har zuwa Yuli 2014, lokacin da aka daga shi zuwa shekaru 15. Daga nan aka daga iyakacin shekarun zuwa shekaru 16 don kakar wasa ta 2023–24 kafin a kara shi zuwa shekaru 17 don kakar wasa ta 2024–25, a matsayin matakin kara iyakacin shekarun a hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Merrell |first=Chloe |date=7 June 2022 |title=Figure Skating: ISU Congress votes in favour of increasing age limit to 17 years |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/figure-skating-isu-congress-age-limit-increase |access-date=23 December 2022 |website=Olympics: Olympic Games, Medals, Results & Latest News |archive-date=July 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705124526/https://olympics.com/en/news/figure-skating-isu-congress-age-limit-increase |url-status=live }}</ref> Wannan mataki ya zo ne bayan badakalar Wasannin Olimpic na Lokacin Sanyi na 2022 game da zargin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara karfi na Kamila Valieva da kuma gardama kan alhakinta a matsayinta na yarinya karama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mngqosini |first=Sammy |date=2022-06-07 |title=Ice skating set to gradually raise minimum competition age from 15 to 17 after Kamila Valieva doping scandal |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/07/sport/kamila-valieva-ice-skating-minimum-age-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223172329/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/07/sport/kamila-valieva-ice-skating-minimum-age-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2005–06, Mao Asada ta kasar Japan tana da cancantar shekaru don yin gasa a Grand Prix Final, inda ta lashe kambun, amma ba a ba ta damar yin gasa a Wasannin Olimpic ba. Don Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta 2008, Amurka ta kasance mai tilastawa tura masu guje-guje wadanda suka kare a matsayi na 5 da na 7 a cikin kasa saboda masu guje-guje masu matsayi na sama suna da karancin shekaru, ciki har da wata mai guje-guje da ta rasa ranar yanke hukuncin shekaru da kwanaki 20.<ref name=espn/><ref name=agereq/> Hukumar ISU ta kiyaye wadannan dokoki sosai a shekarun baya-bayan nan.<ref name=espn/> Sai dai kuma, an ba Natasha Kuchiki mai guje-guje biyu-biyu ta Amurka damar yin gasa a Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta 1990 lokacin da take da karancin shekaru biyu, kuma Tara Lipinski mai guje-guje guda daya ta Amurka, wadda take da shekaru 13 a lokacin da aka gabatar da dokokin 1996, an bar ta ta hanyar tsohuwar doka (grandfathered) domin ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai cancanta don tarurrukan nan gaba, tare da sauran masu guje-guje wadanda suka riga suka yi gasa a Gasar Duniya. Wata damar kauce wa doka ta kuma kasance na 'yan shekaru ga masu guje-guje marasa isassun shekaru wadanda suka samu lambar yabo a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya.<ref name=cbs000316/> Kamar yadda yake a fannin motsa jiki (gymnastics), wasan guje-guje akan kankara ya fuskanci gardama game da yiwuwar sauya shekaru na bogi. A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2011, tambayoyi sun taso game da masu guje-guje Sinawa guda tara. Hukumar jarida ta Associated Press ta gano cewa kwanakin haihuwa da aka jera a shafin yanar gizon Hukumar Guje-guje akan Kankara ta China sun nuna cewa mata biyar masu guje-guje, Sui Wenjing, Zhang Dan, Yu Xiaoyu, Geng Bingwa, da Xu Binshu, sun fi karancin shekaru fiye da shekarunsu na ISU, kuma maza shida masu guje-guje, Han Cong, Zhang Hao, Yan Han, Gao Yu, Zang Wenbo, da Xu Zuoren sun fi girman shekaru.<ref name=espn/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.sohu.com/20110217/n279378463.shtml|title=曝花滑再有三人涉嫌年龄作假 冰协资料07年已错-搜狐体育|website=sports.sohu.com|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sports.sohu.com/20110217/n279394735.shtml|title=闫涵等花滑小将也陷"年龄门" 黑名单再添三人-搜狐体育|website=sports.sohu.com|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref> Kwanakin sun bace daga shafin yanar gizon zuwa ranar 15 ga Fabrairu.<ref name=feb1711/> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, ISU ta bayyana cewa babu wani sabani ga Zhang Dan, Zhang Hao, da Xu Binshu tsakanin kwanakin haihuwar da aka jera a fasfo dinsu, fom din rajista na ISU, da shafin yanar gizon Kwamitin Olimpic na China.<ref name=feb1711/> 'Yan wasa a China wani lokacin suna fuskantar matsin lamba na kirkirar shekarun bogi.<ref name=survive/> === Sauran dokokin cancanta === Masu guje-guje suna iya wakiltar kasar da ba su da dan kasa a yawancin gasanni, in ban da Wasannin Olimpic wadanda ke buqatar kasancewa dan kasa. A yawancin tarurrukan kasa da kasa, kowace kasa tana iya tura wakilci guda daya har zuwa matsakaicin wakilci uku a kowane fannin gasa. Sakamakon haka, koda kuwa mai guje-guje yana da mafi kyawun maki na kakar wasa mai girma, za a iya rashin tura shi ko ita zuwa manyan tarurruka idan kasarsu tana da masu guje-guje nagari da yawa a fanninsu. Wasu masu guje-guje sun yi kokarin kauce wa wannan ta hanyar wakiltar wata kasa daban. A martaninta, ISU ta gabatar da dokoki da ke hana masu guje-guje shiga tarurrukan kasa da kasa na tsawon wani lokaci. A cikin dokokin 2010, ya kasance watanni 24 ko fiye daga ranar Gasar ISU ta karshe.<ref name=genreg2010/> A cikin dokokin 2012, mafi karancin lokaci shi ne watanni 18 ga masu guje-guje guda daya da watanni 12 ga masu guje-guje biyu-biyu/masu raye-rayen kankara daga ranar Gasar ISU ta karshe (Duniya, Turai, Nahiyoyi Hudu, Matasa ta Duniya) da watanni 12 idan suka yi gasa a wata gasa ta kasa da kasa daban.<ref name=genreg2012/> Masu hamayya na iya zama a waje na tsawon lokaci fiye da haka saboda dole ne su kuma samu damar sakin jiki daga kungiyarsu ta baya. ISU ba ta gindaya iyakacin lokacin da kasa za ta iya rike masu guje-guje ba.<ref name=genreg2012/> Masu guje-guje suna iya rasa cancantarsu ta ISU idan suka yi wasa a cikin nuni ko gasa da ba a ba da amincewa kanta ba. Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2010–11, an gabatar da mafi karancin maki don Gasar Duniya, Turai, ko Nahiyoyi Hudu. A cikin kakar wasa ta 2011–12, an gabatar da mabanbantan mafi karancin maki don jerin Grand Prix. == Kashe-kashen 'yan wasa, kudin shiga, da daukar nauyi == Guje-guje akan kankara wasa ne mai tsada sosai.<ref name=usfscost/><ref name=nyt32611/><ref name=EJ130311/><ref name=tie110920/> Wannan ya faru ne musamman saboda kudin lokacin amfani da kankara da horarwa da kocin.<ref name=nyt991219/> A karshen shekarun 1980, kuɗaɗen kashewa na mai hamayya mace ta saman goma a Gasar Amurka sun kai kusan dalar Amurka $50,000 a shekara.<ref name=SS880228/> A cikin watan Oktoba 2004, wani labarin U.S. Figure Skating ya yi kiyasin kashe-kashen shekara-shekara akan $9,000–$10,000 ga matakin gabanin matasa, $18,000 ga matasa, $35,000–$40,000 ga 'yan koyo, kuma ya bayyana cewa matakan matasa da na manya sun fi tsada kaɗan.<ref name=usfscost/> A cikin shekarun 2010, 'yan wasan Amurka masu samun lambobin yabo a matakin manya na kasa sun kasance suna da kashe-kashe a matsakaicin dubun-ta'alafai.<ref name=nyt32611/><ref name=SI130410/> Mai guje-guje na kasar Switzerland Stéphane Lambiel ya bayyana cewa kudaden kashewa na kakar wasansa sun kai kusan francs na Switzerland (CHF) 100,000.<ref name=AS120402/> Kudaden kashewa na zakaran duniya Patrick Chan sun kai dalar Canada (Can$) 150,000.<ref name=embracing/> A shekara ta 2015, CBC Sports ta yi kiyasin cewa tawagar ma'aurata ta Canada tana da kudaden kashewa na kusan Can$100,000 a shekara.<ref name=CBC151118b/> Kudin kyauta yana da karanci idan kwatanta da sauran wasanni.<ref name=ct111028/> Mai guje-guje guda daya na maza ko mata wanda ya lashe Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta 2011 ya sami dalar Amurka $45,000,<ref name=isuprev110423/> kusan kashi 1.8% zuwa 2.5% na $1,800,000–$2,400,000 ga wadanda suka lashe gasar tennis ta US Open ta 2011 da Australian Open ta 2012.<ref name=usopen/><ref name=ap120123/> Ma'aurata wadanda suka lashe kambun masu guje-guje biyu-biyu ko raye-rayen kankara sun raba $67,500.<ref name=isuprev110423/> Wanda ya lashe Grand Prix Final na manya a watan Disamba 2011 ya sami $25,000.<ref name=isu111207/> Wasu kungiyoyin kasa suna ba da daukar nauyin kudi ga wasu masu guje-guje idan suka cika wadansu sharuudda.<ref name=usfsfunding/> Masu guje-guje da yawa suna yin ayyukan wucin gadi kuma wasu sun yi kokarin tara kudi daga mutane (crowdfunding).<ref name=IN120531/><ref name=CBC151118/> A Jamus, manyan masu guje-guje da yawa suna shiga aikin soja don daukar nauyin guje-gujensu.<ref name=ifs110713/> A Italiya, wasu masu guje-guje suna shiga kungiyoyin wasanni na hukumomin 'yan sanda, kamar Fiamme Azzurre ta Polizia Penitenziaria (Carolina Kostner, Anna Cappellini, Luca Lanotte)<ref name=peniten/><ref name=peniten2/> ko Fiamme Oro ta Polizia di Stato (Federica Faiella, Paolo Bacchini).<ref name=polstato/> Wasu masu guje-guje na gasa suna dogara ne akan kudin shiga daga nunin nishadi.<ref name=dilemma/><ref name=promin/> Dole ne kungiyarsu ta ba da amincewa ga nune-nune, wato masu guje-guje na iya rasa cancantarsu ta gasa idan suka shiga ba tare da izini ba. A wasu lokuta, masu guje-guje suna iya jin matsin lamba na yin gasa yayin da suke da rauni domin a ba su damar yin wasa a cikin nuni.<ref name=dilemma/> Sauran na iya shiga cikin horar da matasa 'yan wasa domin daukar nauyin kudaden horarwar kansu. == Raunuka da al'urorin lafiya == A wasu kasashen, ma'aikatan lafiya na iya yin jinkiri wajen daukar mataki kan hatsarori. A Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta 2000 a Nice, kasar Faransa, wani mai guje-guje biyu-biyu wanda ya raunana a hatsarin dauka ya kwanta a saman kankara na tsawon mintuna da dama kuma dole ne ya tashi ya bar saman kankara da kansa kafin a ba shi tallafin lafiya.<ref name=AP000329op/> === Raunukan kai, fadawa da karawa === [[File:Yuzuru_Hanyu_at_2014_Cup_of_China.jpg|thumb|right|Yuzuru Hanyu yana hamayya da kansa a daure da kyalla bayan hatsarinsa a Cup of China ta 2014]] Masu guje-guje na gasa gaba daya ba su saka kwalkwali ko sauran kayan kariya. Akwai hatsarin raunukan kai, musamman a guje-gujen kankara na ma'aurata sakamakon fadawa daga dauka.<ref name=cbs991017/><ref name=binnebose/> Koda yake masu guje-guje biyu-biyu ne suka fi fuskantar hatsari, raunukan kai masu tsanani suna iya faruwa a dukkan fannoni, har da raye-rayen kankara.<ref name=IN160202/><ref name=IN120713dl/><ref name=abssk2010/> Abokan gaba sun taba yi wa juna yanka bisa kuskure da ruwan takalminsu na guje-guje.<ref name=batessamuelson/><ref name=icenetfeb12/> Wannan yana iya faruwa idan abokan gaba suka matsa kusa sosai a lokacin juyawar camel ta gefe-da-gefe. Mata masu guje-guje biyu-biyu da dama sun sami raunukan kai/fuska a lokacin wannan sashe, ciki har da Elena Berezhnaya,<ref name=comeback/> Tatiana Totmianina,<ref name=AP10232004>{{cite web |url= https://www.espn.com/olympics/news/story?id=1908101 |title= Totmianina was motionless for five minutes |date= October 24, 2004 |access-date= January 4, 2024 |archive-date= January 4, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240104221944/https://www.espn.com/olympics/news/story?id=1908101 |url-status= live }}</ref> Jessica Dubé,<ref name=cnn070423/> Mandy Wötzel,<ref name=nytjl980204/> Galina Maniachenko (Efremenko),<ref name=maniachenko/> da Elena Riabchuk.<ref name=rzinj/> Da take jawabi akan fadawa da firgita kwakwalwa (concussions), Madison Hubbell ta ce "Mafi yawancin lokuta, mafi munin fadawa suna faruwa ne akan abubuwan da muke daukar su da sauki."<ref name=IN160202/> Ciwon qwandambali (shin splints),<ref name=SM1404/> raunukan gwiwa, da matsalar baya ba bakin abu ba ne.<ref name=NYT090622/><ref name=gs4202/><ref name=podtod/> Lalacewar kwugu tana iya faruwa sakamakon gwada tsalle da jifa.<ref name=NYT090622/><ref name=taralip/> A lokuta marasa yawa, babban horo na juyawa yana iya haifar da firgita kwakwalwa a kaikaye (Lucinda Ruh).<ref name=spincon/><ref name=NBCC140212/> Ene-ene sun kuma samu raunuka daga masu guje-guje na kungiyoyi mabanbanta lokacin da masu guje-guje da yawa suke horo a saman kankara.<ref name=densta/> Midori Ito ta kara da Laetitia Hubert a Gasar Duniya ta 1991, yayin da Oksana Baiul da Tanja Szewczenko suka kara a Wasannin Olimpic na 1994, amma duka suka ci gaba da yin gasa. A Cup of China ta 2014, Yuzuru Hanyu dan kasar Japan, wanda ya lashe kambun Olimpic a 'yan watannin baya, da Han Yan dan kasar China, suka kara a lokacin dumi jiki na shirin kyauta. Duk da yake sun samu rauni a fili, duka masu guje-gujen biyu sun karkare gasar.<ref name="CBCCA11082014">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figure-skating/yuzuru-hanyu-suffers-nasty-collision-still-wins-silver-at-cup-of-china-1.2828773 |title=Yuzuru Hanyu suffers nasty collision, still wins silver at Cup of China |access-date=January 4, 2024 |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010191714/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figure-skating/yuzuru-hanyu-suffers-nasty-collision-still-wins-silver-at-cup-of-china-1.2828773 |url-status=live }}</ref> A zamanin horo da masu guje-guje da yawa a saman kankara, mai guje-guje da aka kunna wakarsa bisa al'ada shi ke da 'yancin wucewa. Haka zalika, ma'aurata da masu raye-rayen kankara da ke guje-guje a matsayin raka'a daya suna da 'yancin wucewa akan wadanda ke guje-guje daban saboda sauya hanya ya fi tsada ga ma'aurata. === Matsalolin ci da sha da RED–S === [[File:Gold_-_2016_Four_Continents_-_2.jpg|thumb|right|Gracie Gold a Gasar Four Continents ta 2016.]] An ruwaito cewa matsalolin ci da sha sun zama ruwan dare a guje-gujen kankara<ref name=HP100120/><ref name=HP100121/><ref name=muscles/> kuma suna iya haifar da haɓakar 'karancin qarfin aiki a wasanni' (RED-S), wanda a da aka sani da "ciwon 'yan wasa mata guda uku". RED-S ciwo ne na sharuudda guda uku masu alaƙa da juna wadanda za su iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai dorewa a tsakanin 'yan mata da mata har ma da mutuwa. Siffar jiki da buqatar kiyaye ginin jiki mai kyau matsala ce ta kowa a guje-gujen kankara, yayin da masu guje-guje ke tsufa, jikinsu yana canzawa kuma yana canza hanyar da dole ne su fuskanci wasan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-31|title=The Problem with Body Image in Figure Skating|url=https://grandstandcentral.com/2018/sections/culture/body-image-problem-figure-skating/|access-date=2021-05-02|website=Grandstand Central|language=en-US|archive-date=May 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502193045/https://grandstandcentral.com/2018/sections/culture/body-image-problem-figure-skating/|url-status=live}}</ref> Masu guje-guje kamar Gracie Gold<ref>{{Cite news|last=Crouse|first=Karen|date=2019-01-25|title=Gracie Gold's Battle for Olympic Glory Ended in a Fight to Save Herself|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/sports/gracie-gold-figure-skating-.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/sports/gracie-gold-figure-skating-.html |archive-date=2022-01-02 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-02|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> da Ashley Wagner<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-11|title=Ashley Wagner opens up on 'severe depression' after missing 2018 Olympics|url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/10/ashley-wagner-olympics-figure-skating-depression-mental-health-instagram-story-video|access-date=2021-05-02|website=For The Win|language=en-US|archive-date=May 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502193840/https://ftw.usatoday.com/2018/10/ashley-wagner-olympics-figure-skating-depression-mental-health-instagram-story-video|url-status=live}}</ref> sun fuskanci matsaloli kamar matsalolin ci da sha da kuma bacin rai. === Amfani da kwayoyi masu kara karfi (Doping) === Masu guje-gujen kankara a wani lokaci suna samun kyakkyawan sakamako na amfani da kwayoyi masu kara karfi amma ba bakin abu ba ne.<ref name=WADA/> A cikin wata hira ta shekara ta 1991, zakaran Olimpic sau uku Irina Rodnina ta amince cewa masu guje-guje na Soviet sun yi amfani da kayayyakin doping a matsayin shirye-shiryen kakar gasa, inda ta bayyana cewa: "Maza a ma'aurata da guda daya sun yi amfani da kwayoyi, amma wannan ya kasance ne kawai a watan Agusta ko Satumba. An yi hakan ne kawai a lokacin horo, kuma an gwada kowa (a Tarayyar Soviet) kafin gasannin."<ref name=CT910214/> == Tarihi == [[File:Jackson Haines2.jpg|thumb|Jackson Haines ana daukar sa a matsayin uban guje-gujen kankara na zamani.]] Koda yake mutane sun dade suna guje-guje akan kankara tsawon shekaru aru-aru, guje-gujen kankara a tsarin da yake a yanzu ya samo asali ne a tsakiyar karnin 19. ''A Treatise on Skating'' (1772) wanda kwararren mai guje-guje, Lt. 'Captain' Robert Jones na kasar Wales (c. 1740–1788) ya rubuta, shi ne littafi na farko da aka sani akan guje-gujen kankara. Ya tsara takalman guje-guje da za a iya haɗawa da takalma ta hanyar sukurori ta diddige (maimakon amfani da tsummoki), kuma wadannan nan da nan sun kasance a masana'antar Riccard a London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://skateguard1.blogspot.com/2017/08/a-skeleton-in-rink-closet.html|title=Skate Guard Blog|website=www.skateguard.blogspot.com|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216031839/http://skateguard1.blogspot.com/2017/08/a-skeleton-in-rink-closet.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An gudanar da gasannin a cikin "tsarin Ingilishi" na guje-guje, wanda yake da tsauri da na hukuma kuma ba ya yi kama sosai da guje-gujen kankara na zamani. Ba tare da sauya hanyoyin fasaha na yau da kullun ba na masu guje-guje, iyakantattun motsin guje-gujen kankara ne kawai za a iya yi. Wannan ya kasance gaskiya a tsakiyar shekarun 1800 kafin a kawo inganta ta hannun mai guje-guje na Amurka Jackson Haines, wanda ake dauka a matsayin "uban guje-gujen kankara na zamani". A tsakiyar shekarun 1860, Haines ya gabatar da sabon tsarin guje-guje, yana haɗa hanyoyi na kyauta da bayyana ra'ayi, wanda aka sani da "tsarin kasa da kasa". Koda yake ya shahara a Turai, tsarin kasa da kasa na guje-guje ba a karbe shi sosai a Amurka ba har tsawon lokaci bayan mutuwar Haines.<ref name=Haines/> === Farkon shekarun 1900 === [[File:Special figures by Panin.svg|thumb|left|Lissafin adadi na musamman na Nikolai Panin a Wasannin Olimpic na 1908]] An kafa Hukumar Guje-guje ta Kasa da Kasa (ISU) a shekara ta 1892. An gudanar da Gasar Figure Skating ta Turai ta farko a shekara ta 1891 a Hamburg, Jamus (wanda Oskar Uhlig ya lashe), kuma an gudanar da Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ta farko a shekara ta 1896 a Saint Petersburg, Rasha (wanda Gilbert Fuchs ya lashe). Maza kadai ne suka yi gasa a tarurrukan farko amma a shekara ta 1902 mace ta shiga Gasar Duniya a karon farko: mace mai guje-guje ta Birtaniya Madge Syers ta yi gasa a gasar maza, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu a bayan Ulrich Salchow na Sweden. ISU cikin sauri ta hana mata yin gasa da maza, kuma ta kafa gasar "mata" daban a shekara ta 1906. An gabatar da guje-gujen kankara na ma'aurata a Gasar Duniya ta 1908, inda Anna Hübler da Heinrich Burger na Jamus suka lashe kambun. Guje-gujen kankara shi ne wasan lokacin sanyi na farko da aka yi a Wasannin Olimpic; ya fara fitowa a Wasannin Olimpic na Lokacin Zafi na 1908 a London.<ref name=AFS2014/><ref name=ISUHistory/> A ranar 20 ga Maris, 1914, an gudanar da gasar guje-gujen kankara ta kasa da kasa a New Haven, Connecticut. Wannan taro shi ne ginshikin Gasar Amurka da kuma na Canada. Sai dai kuma, gasannin kasa da kasa a guje-gujen kankara sun tsaya sakamakon Yakin Duniya na Farko. A shekarun 1920 da 1930, Sonja Henie ta kasar Norway ta yi finqau a guje-gujen kankara. Henie ta maida nasarar gasarta zuwa aiki na sana'a mai tsada a matsayin tauraruwar shirin fim da mai guje-guje mai zagaye, sannan ta gindaya salon mata masu guje-guje na saka gajeren siket da fararen takalmi.<ref name=spillhenie/> Suka manyan maza masu guje-guje a wannan lokacin sun haɗa da Gillis Grafström na Sweden da Karl Schäfer na Austria. === Bayan Yakin Duniya na Biyu === Gasannin guje-guje sun sake tsayawa na 'yan shekaru sakamakon Yakin Duniya na Biyu. Bayan yakin, da yawancin filayen kankara na Turai da suka lalace, masu guje-guje daga Amurka da Canada sun fara finqau a gasannin kasa da kasa da kuma gabatar da sabbin dabarun fasaha a wasan. Dick Button, Zakaran Olimpic na 1948 da 1952, shi ne mai guje-guje na farko da ya yi tsallen double Axel da triple loop, gami da juyawar flying camel. Gasar Figure Skating ta Duniya ba ta haɗa da raye-rayen kankara ba har sai shekara ta 1952.<ref name=ISUHistory/> A shekarunsa na farko, raye-rayen kankara ya kasance mai samun finqau daga masu guje-guje na Birtaniya, kuma har zuwa shekara ta 1960 ma'auratan Birtaniya ne ke lashe kambun duniya a kowace shekara, tun daga Jean Westwood da Lawrence Demmy.{{Sfn|Hines|2011|p=102}} [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-G0313-0017-001, Ludmilla Beloussowa, Oleg Protopopow.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Masu guje-guje biyu-biyu na Rasha Ludmila Belousova da Oleg Protopopov a shekara ta 1968]] A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 1961, daukacin tawagar guje-gujen kankara ta Amurka da kocinsu sun rasu a hatsarin jirgin sama na Sabena Flight 548 a Brussels, Belgium a hanyarsu ta zuwa Gasar Duniya a Prague. Wannan bala'i ya tura shirin guje-guje na Amurka zuwa lokacin sake ginawa. Yayin da Tarayyar Soviet ta haura ta zama babbar runduna a wasan, musamman a fannonin guje-gujen kankara na ma'aurata da raye-rayen kankara. Finqau na Soviet da Rasha a guje-gujen kankara na ma'aurata ya fara ne a shekarun 1950 kuma ya ci gaba a duk tsawon sauran shekarun 1900. Kungiyoyi biyar kawai ba na Soviet ko Rasha ba ne suka lashe Wasannin Olimpic da Gasar Duniya daga shekara ta 1965 zuwa 2010.{{sfnp|Hines|2011|p=191}} Lokacin da Shen Xue da Zhao Hongbo na China suka lashe lambar zinare a wasannin 2010, wannan shi ne karon farko tun daga shekara ta 1960 da wata tawaga mai tutar Rasha, Soviet, ko Unified Team (CIS) ba ta lashe lambar zinare ba.<ref>{{cite news | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | url = http://www.latimes.com/sports/olympics/la-sp-olympics-figures16-2010feb16,0,5798394.story | title = Fourth time is their charm | first = Philip | last = Hersh | date = 16 February 2010 | access-date = 16 February 2010 | archive-date = February 1, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240201215302/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-16-la-sp-olympics-mens-figures-adv-2010feb16-story.html | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/35400871/ns/sports-olympic_sports/ |title=Shen-Zhao set record in pairs short program|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304020251/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/35400871/ns/sports-olympic_sports/|date=February 14, 2010|archive-date=March 4, 2010|url-status=dead|publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/olympics/index.ssf/2010/02/shen_zhao_capture_pairs_skatin.html|title=Shen, Zhao capture pairs skating gold as China takes silver, too; Russians shut out from podium|date=February 16, 2010|agency=Associated Press|website=cleveland.com|access-date=March 8, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015201216/http://www.cleveland.com/olympics/index.ssf/2010/02/shen_zhao_capture_pairs_skatin.html|archive-date=October 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news-features/news/newsid=444839.html|title=Russian skating slump hits home hard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226040725/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news-features/news/newsid=444839.html|date=February 24, 2010|archive-date=February 26, 2010|url-status=dead|publisher=NBC Olympic broadcasts}}</ref> Gasar Duniya ta 1967 ita ce taro na karshe da aka gudanar a filin kankara na waje.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.iceskatingintnl.com/archive/results_euros/2011%20Euro%20Preview.htm |title=2011 European Championships Preview |first=Alexandra |last=Stevenson |year=2011 |work=IceSkatingIntnl.com |access-date=March 31, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921114844/http://www.iceskatingintnl.com/archive/results_euros/2011%20Euro%20Preview.htm |archive-date=September 21, 2011 }}</ref> === Tasirin gidajen talabijin da kuma lokacin yanzu === Guje-guje na dole a da yana daukar har zuwa kashi 60% na maki a guje-gujen kankara na mutum guda,<ref name=CBS981216/> ma'ana masu guje-guje da zasu iya gina babban nasara a lissafin adadi suna iya lashe gasa koda kuwa kasawarsu ta bayyana a guje-guje na kyauta. Yayinda daukar hoto na gidajen talabijin ga tarurrukan guje-guje ya kara muhimmanci, shaharar guje-guje na kyauta ta karu saboda wannan sashe na gasar ana nuna shi a talabijin ga jama'a, yayin da gasar adadi na dole ba a nuna ta. Masu kallo a talabijin sukan yi korafi idan shirye-shiryen kyauta masu kyau wani lokacin suka kasa yin daidai da nasarar samun lambar zinare.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rOeI8hGsDPQ&t=128s| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/rOeI8hGsDPQ| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Video Magic Memories on Ice| website=YouTube| date=June 28, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1968, ISU sannu a hankali ta rage nauyin adadi na dole kuma ta gabatar da gajeren shiri a shekara ta 1973.<ref name=CBS981216/> An ce wata babbar matsala ita ce ci gaba da gazawar Janet Lynn wajen samun nasara a matakin duniya duk da kyakkyawan shirinta na guje-guje na kyauta. Alal misali, ta rasa matsayin kan dakali a Gasar Duniya ta 1971 bayan ta lashe gasar guje-guje na kyauta sosai, wanda ya haifar da baci rai da ihu mai karfi daga masu kallo a lokacin bikin ba da lambar yabo.<ref name=":0" /> Tare da wadannan canje-canje, muhimmanci a guje-gujen kankara na gasa ya koma zuwa karuwar 'yan wasa. Yi tsallen triple a lokacin gajeren shiri da guje-guje na kyauta ya zama mafi muhimmanci. A shekarun 1980, wasu masu guje-guje suka fara gwada tsallen quadruple. Jozef Sabovčík na Czechoslovakia ya yi tsallen quad toe loop a Gasar Turai ta 1986 wanda aka amince da shi a taron amma daga baya aka soke shi bayan mako uku saboda taba kankara da kafar da ba ta goyi baya ba.<ref name="quadevo991202" /> A Gasar Duniya ta 1988, Kurt Browning na Canada ya yi tsallen quad toe loop na farko wanda aka tabbatar har zuwa yanzu.<ref name="nyt880326" /> Duk da tsammanin da aka yi, ya dauki shekaru da dama kafin quads su zama muhimmiyar sashin guje-gujen maza.<ref name="quadevo991202" /> A shekara ta 1988, Midori Ito ta Japan ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi tsallen triple Axel, tana tura matsayin 'yan wasa da fasaha ga shirye-shiryen mata. Yanada darajar 20% kachal a shekara ta 1989, an soke adadi na dole daga gasar kasa da kasa a shekara ta 1990.<ref name="CBS981216" /> [[File:Takahiko Kozuka with Nobuo Sato kiss & cry 2008-2009 GPF.jpg|thumb|left|Takahiko Kozuka yana jiran makinsa tare da kocin sa Nobuo Sato a yankin "Kiss and cry".]] Gidajen talabijin sun taimaka wajen shaharar wasan ta hanyar nuna masu guje-guje a yankin kiss and cry bayan yin gasa.<ref name=macur20100222/> Talabijin ta kuma taka rawa wajen cire dokokin iyakance matsayin 'dan koyo' (amateur) wanda a da ke mulkar wasan. A cikin watan Mayu 1990, ISU ta kadata kuri'ar ba masu guje-guje da ke son yin guje-guje a matsayin sana'a damar komawa gasar ISU, muddin sun samu izinin kungiyarsu ta kasa.<ref name=nyt900502/> A shekara ta 1995, a kokarin rike masu guje-guje wadanda zasu iya barin cancantarsu domin shiga cikin tarurrukan sana'a masu kyautar kudi sosai, ISU ta gabatar da kudin kyauta a manyan gasanninta, wanda aka dauki nauyinsa daga kudaden shiga na sayar da haqqoƙin talabijin ga wadannan tarurruka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-27 |title=INTERNATIONAL SKATING UNION TO OFFER PRIZE MONEY |url=https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Daily/Issues/1995/02/13/Leagues-Governing-Bodies/INTERNATIONAL-SKATING-UNION-TO-OFFER-PRIZE-MONEY/ |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=Sports Business Journal |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1984, fiye da mutane miliyan 24 a Birtaniya suka kalli ma'auratan raye-rayen kankara Jayne Torvill da Christopher Dean suna samun maki 6.0 gaba daya don gabatarwa, maki na karshe mai kyau sosai a tarihin guje-gujen Olimpic, wanda aka sanya a matsayi na 8 a mafi girman lokacin wasanni a zaben Birtaniya.<ref name=BBC840214/><ref name=CH4GSM/> A shekara ta 1988, Katarina Witt ta Gabashin Jamus ta zama mace ta biyu kawai a tarihin guje-gujen kankara, bayan Sonja Henie ta Norway, da ta kare kambun Olimpic dinta cikin nasara. Mujallar Time ta kirata "fuska mafi kyau ta gurguzu."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune/9163429/Dancing-on-Ice-judge-Katarina-Witt-talks-money.html |title=Dancing on Ice judge Katarina Wit talks money |first=Lorraine |last=McBride |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114004058/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/fameandfortune/9163429/Dancing-on-Ice-judge-Katarina-Witt-talks-money.html |archive-date=14 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> A cikin Binciken Wasanni na Kasa na II na 1993, wanda Associated Press ke dauka a matsayin mafi girman bincike kan shaharar wasannin kallo a Amurka, guje-gujen kankara na mata shi ne wasa na biyu mafi shaharah a tsakanin masu kallo a Amurka, eu46ncqlh26wvmqtptlg2q2hr81vlkl 0 177122 966082 957690 2026-10-11T07:29:30Z Nura Bello 24854 966082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''Olympics na bazara''' ko '''Wasannin Olympiad''', wani babban taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a duk bayan shekaru huɗu. An gudanar da wasannin farko a shekarar 1896 a Athens, wadda a lokacin take cikin Masarautar Girka, yayin da aka gudanar da na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2024 a Paris, Faransa. Wannan shi ne taron wasanni na ƙasashen duniya na farko mai irin wannan tsari, wanda Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) ya shirya, wanda Pierre de Coubertin ya kafa.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Summer Olympic Games {{!}} Dates, Locations, Facts, & Athletes {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Summer-Olympic-Games|access-date=2 August 2024|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> An fara al'adar bayar da lambobin yabo a shekarar 1904; a kowane taron Olympics, ana ba da lambar zinare ga wanda ya zo na farko, lambar azurfa ga wanda ya zo na biyu, da lambar tagulla ga wanda ya zo na uku. An ƙirƙiri Wasannin Olympics na hunturu ne sakamakon nasarar Wasannin Olympics na bazara, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi daraja a cikin tarukan wasanni na ƙasashen duniya. Wasannin Olympics na bazara sun ƙaru sosai tun daga gasannin da suka ƙunshi wasanni 42 a shekarar 1896, tare da maza masu fafatawa ƙasa da 250 daga ƙasashe 14, zuwa wasanni 339 a shekarar 2021 (Wasannin Olympics na 2020), tare da masu fafatawa 11,319 (kusan rabinsu mata) daga ƙasashe 206. An gudanar da wasannin a ƙasashe 19 a nahiyoyi biyar: sau huɗu a Amurka (1904, 1932, 1984, da 1996), sau uku a Birtaniya (1908, 1948, da 2012) da Faransa (1900, 1924, da 2024), sau biyu a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Girka (1896 da 2004), Jamus (1936 da 1972), Australia (1956 da 2000), da Japan (1964 da 2020), sannan sau ɗaya a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italiya (1960), Mexico (1968), Kanada (1976), Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Koriya ta Kudu (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), da Brazil (2016). London da Paris sun karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku, yayin da Los Angeles, Athens, da Tokyo kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu; Los Angeles za ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-in-agreeing-to-award-2024-and-2028-olympic-games-at-the-same-time|date=11 July 2017|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku ne kawai suka samu aƙalla lambar yabo guda ɗaya a dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara: Australia, Faransa, da Birtaniya. Birtaniya ce kaɗai ta samu aƙalla lambar zinare a kowane bugu na wasannin. Amurka ce ke kan gaba a jimillar lambobin yabo na dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ta kasance a saman jadawalin lambobin yabo sau 19, sai Tarayyar Soviet (sau bakwai, ciki har da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1992), sannan Faransa, Birtaniya, Jamus, da China (sau ɗaya kowannensu). ==Karɓar bakuncin wasanni== [[File:Summer Olympics.svg|thumb|Taswirar wuraren da aka gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara – an yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya launin kore, yayin da aka yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu ko fiye launin shuɗi.]] Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau huɗu: wasannin 1904 a St. Louis, Missouri; wasannin 1932 da 1984 a Los Angeles, California; da wasannin 1996 a Atlanta, Georgia. Wasannin 2028 da za a gudanar a Los Angeles za su zama karo na biyar da Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara. A shekarar 1924, Paris ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu, yayin da a shekarar 2012, London ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau uku. Paris ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2024, yayin da Los Angeles za ta yi hakan a shekarar 2028. Tokyo (1964 da 2020) da Athens (1896 da 2004, ba tare da haɗa wasannin 1906 ba) kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu. Australia, Jamus, Girka, da Japan duk sun karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu (Australia za ta karɓi bakuncinsu karo na uku a shekarar 2032). Tokyo ce birni na farko a wajen ƙasashen da galibi ake magana da Turanci da kuma ƙasashen Turai da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schaffer|first1=Kay|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|date=2000|page=271}}</ref> ita ce kuma birni mafi girma da ya taɓa karɓar bakuncin wasannin, domin ta bunƙasa sosai tun daga shekarar 1964. Sauran ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara su ne Belgium, Brazil, Kanada, China, Finland, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Koriya ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Spain, da Sweden, inda kowace daga cikinsu ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya. Asiya ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau huɗu: a Tokyo (1964 da 2020), Seoul (1988), da Beijing (2008). Wasannin 2016 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, su ne wasannin Olympics na bazara na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Amurka, sannan su ne na farko da aka gudanar gaba ɗaya a lokacin da ake kira "hunturu" a yankin. Ƙasashe biyu ne kawai a yankin Kudancin Duniya suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin: Australia (1956, 2000, da kuma 2032) da Brazil (2016), yayin da har yanzu ba a taɓa gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara a Afirka ba. Stockholm, Sweden, ta karɓi bakuncin wasanni a lokuta biyu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1912 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin hawan dawakai na Olympics na bazara na 1956 (wanda dokokin keɓe masu zuwa ƙasa suka hana gudanarwa a Melbourne, Australia).<ref name="Games1956" /> Amsterdam, Netherlands, ita ma ta karɓi bakuncin wasu wasanni a Wasannin Olympics na bazara guda biyu, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1928 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin gasannin tseren jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1920. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, Hong Kong ta samar da wuraren gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai, waɗanda aka gudanar a Sha Tin da Kwu Tung. Karɓar bakuncin wasannin yana buƙatar manyan zuba jari a kayayyakin more rayuwa na birni, kuma yana hanzarta irin waɗannan zuba jarin.<ref name=jrs>{{Cite journal |last=Short |first=John R. |date=December 2008 |title=Globalization, cities and the Summer Olympics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810802478888 |journal=City |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=321–340 |doi=10.1080/13604810802478888 |bibcode=2008City...12..321S |issn=1360-4813}}</ref> A yanzu wasannin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsaren shugabannin birane na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar biranensu da sauran duniya da kuma gasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki.<ref name=jrs/> ==Tarihi== ===Shekarun farko=== [[File:1906 Intercalated Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a filin wasa na Panathenaic, Athens]] An kafa Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) a shekarar 1894, lokacin da Pierre de Coubertin, wani malamin Faransa kuma masanin tarihi, ya nemi inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar gasannin wasanni. An gudanar da bugu na farko na Wasannin Olympics a Athens a shekarar 1896, kuma ya jawo masu fafatawa 245 kawai, waɗanda sama da 200 daga cikinsu 'yan Girka ne, kuma ƙasashe 14 ne kawai suka halarta. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa shirya wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa mai girman wannan ba a baya. Ba a ba wa mata damar fafatawa ba, duk da cewa wata mace mai suna Stamata Revithi ta yi gudun tseren gudun fanfalaki ita kaɗai, tana mai cewa, "Idan kwamitin bai bar ni in fafata ba, zan bi su ko ta yaya".<ref name=Revithi>{{cite journal|author = Tarasouleas, Athanasios|date =Summer 1993|title = The Female Spiridon Loues|journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 11–12|url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|access-date = 26 June 2012|archive-date = 25 June 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625162746/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|url-status = dead }}</ref> Mata sun fara shiga gasanni a hukumance a wasannin Paris na shekarar 1900, inda mata 22 suka fafata a wasanni biyar. Shigar mata ta ƙaru sosai tun daga lokacin, inda kusan rabin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin baya-bayan nan mata ne.<ref name="britannica.com"/> Wasannin Olympics na 1896, waɗanda a hukumance aka sani da Wasannin Olympiad, wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya da aka gudanar a Athens, Girka, daga 6 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 1896. Su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a zamanin zamani. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin buɗe wasannin. 'Yan wasan sun fito daga ƙasashe 14, inda mafi yawansu suka fito daga Girka. Duk da cewa Girka ce ta fi yawan 'yan wasa, Amurka ce ta kammala da mafi yawan waɗanda suka zama zakarun wasanni; Amurkawa 11 ne suka zo na farko a wasanninsu, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Girka 10.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Swifter, Higher, Stronger|last = Macy|first = Sue|publisher = National Geographic|year = 2004|isbn = 0-7922-6667-6|location = Washington D.C., United States|pages = [https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16 16]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16}}</ref> Tsohuwar Girka ita ce mahaifar Wasannin Olympics, saboda haka aka ɗauki Athens a matsayin wurin da ya dace don gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko. An zaɓi Athens a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin wasannin baki ɗaya a wani taro da Pierre de Coubertin ya shirya a Paris, ranar 23 ga Yuni 1894. An kuma kafa IOC a wannan taron. Duk da matsaloli da koma-baya da dama, an ɗauki wasannin Olympics na 1896 a matsayin babban nasara. Wasannin sun samu halartar ƙasashe daban-daban fiye da kowane taron wasanni da aka gudanar kafin wannan lokaci. Filin wasa na Panathenaic, filin wasa na farko mai girma a duniyar zamani, ya cika makil da mafi yawan taron jama'a da suka taɓa kallon wani taron wasanni.<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=David C.|date=1996|title=The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5374-6|page=144}}</ref> Babban abin farin ciki ga 'yan Girka shi ne nasarar da ɗan ƙasarsu Spiridon Louis, mai ɗaukar ruwa, ya samu a tseren Marathon. Ya lashe gasar cikin sa'o'i 2, mintuna 58 da daƙiƙa 50, lamarin da ya jawo murna mai yawa a filin wasan. Wanda ya fi samun nasara a gasar shi ne Carl Schuhmann, ɗan Jamus, mai kokawa kuma ɗan wasan motsa jiki, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu. Jami'an Girka da jama'a sun nuna matuƙar farin ciki da kwarewar karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan wasan sun yi irin wannan ra'ayi, har ma suka nemi a mai da Athens birnin da zai riƙa karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na dindindin. IOC ta yi niyyar gudanar da wasannin da za su biyo baya a birane daban-daban a faɗin duniya. An gudanar da Olympics na biyu a Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 April 2020|title= 1896 Athina Summer Games|publisher= Sports Reference|access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Wasannin Olympics na 1900 a Paris sun jawo 'yan wasa fiye da sau huɗu na waɗanda suka halarta a baya, ciki har da mata 20, waɗanda aka ba su damar fafatawa a hukumance a karon farko a wasannin croquet, golf, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, da tennis. An haɗa wasannin da Baje kolin Duniya na Paris na shekarar 1900, kuma sun ɗauki sama da watanni biyar. An yi ta samun saɓani game da ainihin wasannin da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na Olympics, domin wasu wasannin na ƙwararru ne, wasu suna da ƙa'idojin cancanta na musamman, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da masu fafatawa daga ƙasashen duniya. [[File:Francis Field 1904.jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Francis Olympic Field na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1904]] [[File:Dorando Pietri 1908.jpg|thumb|Dorando Pietri yana kammala tseren Marathon na zamani a shekarar 1908, wanda aka gudanar a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu.]] Rikice-rikicen da yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya haifar da kuma wahalar tafiya zuwa St. Louis na iya zama sanadin halartar 'yan wasa kaɗan daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa daga wajen Amurka da Kanada a Wasannin Olympics na 1904, waɗanda su ne wasannin farko da aka gudanar a wajen Turai. An fara amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo uku na yanzu, wato zinare, azurfa, da tagulla ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu, da na uku, a Olympics na 1904.<ref name=FactsheetGames>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad|page=1|date=16 November 2021|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717170215/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da "Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya na Biyu a Athens", kamar yadda aka kira su a lokacin, a shekarar 1906.<ref name="lennartz">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|title=The 2nd International Olympic Games in Athens 1906|first=Karl|last=Lennartz|via=LA84 Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515105421/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A halin yanzu IOC ba ta amince da waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wasannin Olympics na hukuma ba, duk da cewa masana tarihi da dama sun amince da su, kuma suna ganin cewa wasannin 1906 sun taimaka wajen hana gushewar Olympics. Wasannin Athens na 1906 su ne na farko a cikin jerin wasannin da aka shirya gudanarwa a Athens a kowace shekara mai lamba ko da ba shekarar Olympics ba ce, amma ba a ci gaba da gudanar da wannan jerin wasannin ba. Wasannin sun fi na 1900 da 1904 nasara, inda sama da 'yan wasa 850 suka fafata, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar wasannin da suka biyo baya. Wasannin London na 1908 sun sake samun ƙarin masu fafatawa, tare da gudanar da tseren Marathon a karon farko a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, wato kilomita 42.195 (mil 26 da yadi 385). Tseren Marathon na farko a Olympics na 1896, wanda maza kawai suka fafata, an gudanar da shi a tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 24 da yadi 85). An zaɓi sabon tazarar Marathon ne domin a tabbatar cewa za a kammala tseren a gaban wurin da dangin sarautar Birtaniya suke zaune. Saboda haka, tazarar Marathon ta kasance kilomita 40 a wasannin farko na shekarar 1896, amma daga baya an riƙa sauya ta da kusan kilomita 2 gwargwadon yanayin wurin, kamar tsarin tituna da filin wasa. A wasannin Olympics guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1900 da 1920, an yi tseren Marathon a tazara shida daban-daban. A wasannin, Birtaniya ta lashe lambobin yabo 146, wato fiye da Amurkawa da suka zo na biyu da lambobi 99, kuma wannan shi ne sakamakonta mafi girma har zuwa yau. A ƙarshen tseren Marathon na 1908, ɗan tseren Italiya Dorando Pietri ne ya fara shiga filin wasa, amma yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma ya faɗi saboda gajiya kafin ya kammala tseren. Jami'an gasar da suka damu sun taimaka masa ya ketare layin ƙarshe, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga gasar. A matsayin diyya saboda rashin samun lambar yabo, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba Pietri ƙoƙon azurfa mai rufi da zinare. Arthur Conan Doyle ya rubuta rahoto na musamman game da tseren a jaridar Daily Mail.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lovesey, Peter|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|title=Conan Doyle and the Olympics|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016144350/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasannin sun ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda suka jawo masu fafatawa 2,504 a Stockholm a shekarar 1912, ciki har da fitaccen ɗan wasa Jim Thorpe, wanda ya lashe gasar decathlon da pentathlon. Thorpe ya taɓa buga wasu wasannin baseball a kan kuɗi, kuma aka ƙwace lambobin yabonsa saboda wannan "saɓawar" dokar zaman mai son wasa, bayan korafe-korafen Avery Brundage. An mayar masa da lambobin a shekarar 1983, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwarsa. Wasannin Stockholm su ne na farko da suka cika ainihin ra'ayin Pierre de Coubertin. A karon farko tun lokacin da aka fara wasannin a shekarar 1896, dukkan nahiyoyi biyar da mutane ke zaune a cikinsu sun samu wakilci, inda 'yan wasa suka fafata a filin wasa guda. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1916 a Berlin, amma aka soke su bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. ===Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe=== Wasannin Antwerp na 1920 a Belgium, wadda yaƙi ya lalata, ba su kasance cikin yanayi mai armashi ba, amma sun sake jawo adadin masu fafatawa mafi girma. Wannan tarihi bai daɗe ba, domin a shekarar 1924 wasannin Paris sun samu masu fafatawa 3,000, inda fitaccen ɗan wasan ya kasance ɗan tseren Finland Paavo Nurmi. Wanda aka fi sani da "Flying Finn" ya lashe lambobin zinare uku na ƙungiya da kuma tseren mita 1,500 da mita 5,000 na mutum ɗaya, inda aka gudanar da tseren biyun na ƙarshe a rana guda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paavo Nurmi – Life Story|url=https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/|access-date=16 March 2020|publisher=The Sports Museum of Finland|website=paavonurmi.fi|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114141920/https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/ }}</ref> Paris ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na 1924, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pierre de Coubertin na IOC, wanda ake kira uban Olympics na zamani. A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da taken Olympics na ''Citius, Altius, Fortius'' (Wuri, Sama, Ƙarfi), ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics, da kuma Wasannin Olympics na hunturu a matsayin "Makon Wasannin Hunturu na Ƙasashen Duniya". Wasannin Amsterdam na 1928 sun shahara saboda kasancewarsu wasannin farko da aka ba wa mata damar fafatawa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Sun kuma amfana sosai daga bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samu a wannan lokaci, tare da fara tallafawa wasannin ta hanyar kamfanoni, inda Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya zama na farko. A wasannin 1928 ne IOC ta gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin zane na lambar yabo, inda aka zaɓi zanen Giuseppe Cassioli na allahiyar Girka Nike, tare da wanda ya yi nasara ana ɗaukarsa a kan kafaɗun taron jama'a. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan zane har zuwa shekarar 1972. Wasannin Olympics na Los Angeles na 1932 sun kasance na farko da aka samar da ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|title=1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village - Baldwin Hills- Baldwin Hills Information|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202059/http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma dandamalin tsayawar waɗanda suka yi nasara.<ref name=NPS-LANDMARK>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222329/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure |date=November 14, 2007 }}, National Landmarks Program, National Park Service, ''Accessed November 12, 2007.''</ref><ref name=Podium>Martin, D. E., Martin, D. A., & Gynn, R. W. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. p. 146.</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532, Berlin, Olympia-Stadion (Luftaufnahme).jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Olympiastadion da ke Berlin a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1936]] Gwamnatin Jamus ta ɗauki Wasannin Berlin na 1936 a matsayin wata babbar dama ta yaɗa akidarta. Jam'iyyar Nazi mai mulki ta ɗauki hayar mai shirya fina-finai Leni Riefenstahl domin yin fim ɗin wasannin. Fim ɗin, ''Olympia'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin fitaccen aikin fasaha, duk da cewa an haɗa ra'ayoyin Adolf Hitler na fifikon launin fata na Aryan a cikinsa. A gasannin mutum ɗaya, Jesse Owens, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka mai tseren gudu da tsalle-tsalle, ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu, yayin da ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin ta lashe lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo mafi yawa. A Wasannin Berlin na 1936 ne aka fara gabatar da tseren isar da wutar Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330949.stm|title=The Olympic torch's shadowy past|work=BBC News|access-date=4 August 2008|date=5 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7330949.stm}}</ref> Saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an soke Wasannin Olympics na 1940, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Tokyo, amma daga baya aka mayar da su Helsinki na ɗan lokaci bayan barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1944 a London, amma su ma aka soke. Maimakon haka, London ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a shekarar 1948. ===Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu=== An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na farko bayan yaƙi a London a shekarar 1948, inda aka hana Jamus da Japan shiga gasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html|title=Germany and Japan Are Banned As Participants in '48 Olympics; Other Enemy Countries, Including Italy, Are Likely to Receive Bids, However-- Organizing Group Reveals Plans|date=24 January 1947|newspaper=The New York Times|page=25|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327010440/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html}}</ref> 'Yar tseren Netherlands Fanny Blankers-Koen ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu a wasannin guje-guje, inda ta maimaita nasarar da Owens ya samu a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century|title=Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen who was crowned Female Athlete of the 20th Century|date=23 January 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211907/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century}}</ref> A Wasannin Olympics na Helsinki na 1952, tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta fafata a karon farko kuma cikin sauri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawagogin gasar, inda ta zo ta biyu a yawan lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo da ta samu. Ana iya danganta nasararta ta farko da bullar tsarin 'yan wasa masu cikakken lokaci waɗanda gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Tarayyar Soviet ta shigar da tawagogin 'yan wasa waɗanda a hukumance dukkansu ɗalibai ne, sojoji, ko masu aiki a wasu sana'o'i, amma a zahiri gwamnati ce ke biyan yawancinsu domin su riƙa horo na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa dokokin zaman ɗan wasa mai son wasa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902183140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2009|title=Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur|last=Benjamin|first=Daniel|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=18 March 2009|date=27 July 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schantz|first=Otto|title=The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch|publisher=Comité International Pierre De Coubertin|url=http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|website=coubertin.ch|access-date=13 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html|title=How the Russians break the Olympic rules|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 April 1980|last=Vinokur|first=Boris|url-status=live|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331200107/https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html}}</ref><ref name="A Real Pro">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html|title=Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=J. N. Washburn|date=21 July 1974|page=2|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153414/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html|title=Sports in Soviet Union Only for Elite : There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up|date=22 July 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Bob|last=Oates|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412113717/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html}}</ref> Finland ta yi fice a gasar ta hanyar wani hafsan sojan Czechoslovakia mai suna Emil Zátopek, wanda ya kasance mai fara'a kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar inganta nasarorin lambobin zinare da azurfa guda ɗaya da ya samu a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya fara lashe tseren mita 10,000 da mita 5,000, ya kuma shiga tseren gudun fanfalaki, duk da cewa bai taɓa yin tseren irin wannan tazara a baya ba. Yana tattaunawa da sauran shugabannin tseren yayin da yake tafiya, Zátopek ya jagoranci gasar daga kusan rabin tazara, yana barin sauran masu fafatawa a hankali, har ya yi nasara da tazarar mintuna biyu da rabi, inda ya kammala jerin nasarori uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|title=Marking the centenary of the birth of Zatopek|date=19 September 2022|last=Turnbull|first=Simon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032616/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|url-status=live}}</ref> Wasannin Melbourne na 1956, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Duniya, sun yi nasara sosai, sai dai wasan polo na ruwa tsakanin Hungary da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙare da faɗa tsakanin 'yan wasan saboda mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260|title=Blood in the water: Hungary's 1956 water polo gold|last=Reid|first=Kirsty|date=20 August 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013081617/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260}}</ref> An gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm saboda barkewar cutar ƙafa da baki a Birtaniya a lokacin, da kuma tsauraran dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Australia. A Wasannin Olympics na Rome na 1960, wani matashin ɗan dambe mai nauyin light-heavyweight mai suna Cassius Clay, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Muhammad Ali, ya bayyana a fagen wasanni. Daga baya Ali ya jefar da lambar zinare tasa cikin fushi bayan an hana shi hidima a wani gidan cin abinci na masu farar fata kawai a garinsu na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallechinsky|first=David|author2=Jamie Loucky|date=2008|title=The Complete Book of the Olympics, 2008 Edition|publisher=[[Aurum Press]]|isbn=978-1-84513-330-6|pages=453–454 }}</ref> An ba shi sabuwar lambar yabo bayan shekaru 36, a Wasannin Olympics na 1996 a Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing|title=Why Muhammad Ali received a second Olympic gold medal in 1996|date=4 May 2020|website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]]|access-date=13 August 2022|author=OlympicTalk|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703091942/https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing}}</ref> Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarar 1960 sun haɗa da Wilma Rudolph, wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare a tseren mita 100, mita 200, da tseren gudun mita 4 × 100 na mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa|title=Sixty years since historic Olympic triple, Rudolph's legacy lives on|date=2 September 2020|last=Mulkeen|first=Jon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa}}</ref> Wasannin Tokyo na 1964 su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a Asiya kuma aka watsa su kai tsaye a talabijin a faɗin duniya, sakamakon bullar tauraron ɗan adam na sadarwa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time|title=How the 1964 Games brought live Olympic Sports to the United States for the first time|date=8 January 2019|last=Kortemeier|first=Todd|website=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|Team USA]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173559/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin sun zama wani muhimmin sauyi wajen yaɗuwar shahara da karɓuwar Olympics a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon zamanin sadarwa na zamani. An fara gabatar da wasan judo a matsayin wasan Olympics na hukuma, kuma ɗan wasan judo na Netherlands Anton Geesink ya jawo hankula lokacin da ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na rukunin nauyin da ba a kayyade ba, inda ya doke Akio Kaminaga a gaban magoya bayansa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter|title=Tokyo 1964: The First Chapter|date=8 July 2021|last=Messner|first=Nicolas|website=[[International Judo Federation|IJF.org]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022132920/https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter}}</ref> [[File:Opening Ceremony Mexico 87 University Stadium.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe Wasannin Olympics na 1968 a birnin Mexico, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Latin Amurka]] An sami tasiri a sakamakon wasannin Olympics na 1968 a Mexico City saboda tsayin birnin daga matakin teku.<ref name=Games1968/> A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da dabarar tsalle-tsalle ta Fosbury flop, wadda daga baya ta zama sananniya a duk duniya. Wannan dabara ta taimaka wa Ba'amurke Dick Fosbury ya lashe lambar zinare a tsalle-tsalle na sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop|title=50 years since the day Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump|date=20 October 2018|last=Minshull|first=Phil|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop}}</ref> A bikin bayar da lambobin yabo na tseren mita 200 na maza, 'yan wasan Ba'amurke baƙaƙe Tommie Smith (wanda ya lashe zinare) da John Carlos (wanda ya lashe tagulla) sun nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin jama'a ta hanyar ɗaga hannayensu sanye da safar hannu baƙaƙe da kuma sanya safa baƙaƙe maimakon takalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html|title=Black Power salute 50 years on: Iconic Olympics protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos remembered|date=24 April 2019|last=Parfitt|first=Tom|website=The Independent|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034505/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html}}</ref> Daga baya IOC ta kori 'yan wasan biyu daga wasannin. Věra Čáslavská, a matsayin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta a shekarar 1968, da kuma hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke mai cike da saɓani a wasannin katakon daidaita jiki da na motsa jiki a ƙasa, ta sunkuyar da kanta ta kau da ita daga tutar Tarayyar Soviet yayin da ake rera taken ƙasar a lokacin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|date=20 October 2018|last=Reynolds|first=Tom|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022024057/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref> Ta koma gida a matsayin jaruma a idon al'ummar Czechoslovakia, amma gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ke iko da ita ta mayar da ita saniyar ware. [[File:Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Attentats in München (Kiel 53.824).jpg|thumb|upright|An saukar da tutar Olympics zuwa rabin sanda a Kiel, birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa, bayan kisan kiyashin Munich a wasannin 1972]] Siyasa ta sake shiga tsakani a [[1972 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1972]] da aka gudanar a Munich, amma a wannan karon hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'addar Falasɗinawa mai suna Black September ta kutsa cikin ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympic, sannan ta shiga ɗakin tawagar Isra'ila. Sun kashe Isra'ilawa biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu tara, suna neman Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni da dama. Lokacin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatun 'yan ta'addan, lamarin ya rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai cike da tashin hankali yayin da tattaunawa ke ci gaba. Daga ƙarshe, an ba masu garkuwar, waɗanda har yanzu suke riƙe da mutanen da suka yi garkuwa da su, damar tsira lafiya, sannan aka kai su wani filin jirgin sama, inda jami'an tsaron Jamus suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A musayar wutar da ta biyo baya, mutane 15 suka mutu, ciki har da 'yan wasan Isra'ila tara da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma biyar daga cikin 'yan ta'addan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 26: The terrorist outrage in Munich in 1972|date=2 May 2012|last=Burnton|first=Simon|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219001325/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan doguwar muhawara, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da wasannin, amma abin fahimta ne cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun mamaye harkokin wasannin.<ref name=Games1972/> Duk da haka, an samu wasu fitattun nasarorin wasanni a lokacin wasannin, musamman nasarar ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Mark Spitz, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare guda bakwai, adadin da ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin; Lasse Virén na Finland ya lashe zinare a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000 a jere; sannan fitacciyar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Tarayyar Soviet Olga Korbut ta lashe lambobin zinare guda uku, ciki har da yin wani juyawa a iska na tarihi daga kan sandar motsa jiki ta sama. A wasan ƙarshe na kwallon kwando na maza, Amurka ta sha kashi a hannun Tarayyar Soviet, a wani wasa da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tarihin kwallon kwando na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|title= USA Basketball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822182059/http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|archive-date=22 August 2007}}</ref> A cikin wani wasa mai tsananin fafatawa, tawagar Amurka ta yi kama da ta yi nasara da maki 50–49. Sai dai alkalai sun maimaita daƙiƙu ukun ƙarshe na wasan sau uku, har sai da tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara da ci 51–50.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 years, 120 stories (Part 15) : Soviets beat the Americans amidst controversies involving communist judges|date=3 March 2016|url=http://sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062628/https://www.sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, tawagar Amurka ta ƙi karɓar lambobin azurfarsu. Babu irin wannan mummunan bala'i a Wasannin Montreal na [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]], amma rashin kyakkyawan tsari da zamba sun sa kuɗin gudanar da wasannin ya yi matuƙar wuce kasafin kuɗin da aka tsara. Da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.5, kwatankwacin dala biliyan ${{Inflation|CA|1.5|1976|r=2}} a cikin shekarar {{Inflation-year|CA}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|title=Will Canada ever host another Olympics? If not, don't blame the 1976 Montreal Games|date=25 February 2019|last=Forrester|first=Nicole W.|newspaper=National Post|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url= https://megalodon.jp/2026-0330-2012-15/https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|archive-date=30 March 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html|title=Olympics worth the price tag? The Montreal Legacy|date=19 July 2012|last=Newton|first=Paula|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090945/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html}}</ref> Wasannin bazara na 1976 sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin wasannin Olympic har zuwa lokacin [[2014 Winter Olympics]], kuma na ɗan wani lokaci ya yi kama da cewa wasannin Olympic ba za su ƙara zama wani abu da za a iya gudanarwa ta fuskar kuɗi ba. Daga baya, an yi imanin cewa 'yan kwangila, waɗanda ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu mambobin Mafia ta Montreal ne, sun karkatar da makudan kuɗaɗe daga matakai daban-daban na kwangiloli, tare da samun riba ta hanyar maye gurbin kayan gini masu inganci da wasu masu rahusa da ƙarancin inganci. Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka wajen haifar da jinkiri, rashin ingancin gine-gine da kuma tsadar kuɗi fiye da kima. A shekarar 1988, ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan 'yan kwangilar, Giuseppe Zappia, "an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen zamba da suka samo asali daga aikinsa a wuraren wasannin Olympic bayan manyan shaidu biyu sun mutu kafin su ba da shaida a shari'arsa".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen H.|date=2009|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA551|page=551|isbn=978-0-470-83500-5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref> Kasashen Afirka da dama sun kaurace wa Wasannin 1976 a matsayin zanga-zanga kan wata ziyarar baya-bayan nan da tawagar rugby ta ƙasar New Zealand ta kai Afirka ta Kudu wadda tsarin wariyar launin fata na apartheid ke mulki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa|title=Montreal Olympics photo flashback: Boycott targeted New Zealand, South Africa|date=18 July 2016|last=Riga|first=Andy|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050323/https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa}}</ref> 'Yar wasan motsa jiki ta Romania Nadia Comăneci ta kafa tarihi lokacin da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar motsa jiki ta mata ta mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku guda biyu daga cikin huɗu da ake iya samu. Ta kuma lashe wasu gasa biyu na mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku biyu a wasan sandar daidaito da kuma maki cikakku a wasan sanduna marasa daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/|title=Moment in Time: 18 July, 1976 - Nadia Comaneci's perfect 10|date=25 September 2019|last=Bowman|first=Verity|website=The Telegraph|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002015903/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/}}</ref> Lasse Virén ya sake maimaita nasarar zinare biyu a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000, abin da ya sanya shi zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa lashe gasa biyu na nisan gudu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976|title=Finnish Lasse Viren's Olympic Gold Double-Double at Munich 1972 and Montreal 1976|date=22 May 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=Sunday Observer|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601191153/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976}}</ref> <!--Deleted image removed: [[File:1980 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|right|Closing Ceremony of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], in Moscow, [[Soviet Union]], with bear cub [[Misha]], the mascot of that year's games, flying into the sky.]] --> ===Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20=== Bayan mamayar [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1979, ƙasashe 66, ciki har da Amurka, Kanada, Jamus ta Yamma da Japan, sun [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|kaurace]] wa [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]] da aka gudanar a Moscow. Ƙasashe 80 ne suka halarci Wasannin Moscow – adadi mafi ƙanƙanta tun daga shekarar 1956. Kauracewar ta taimaka wajen sa Wasannin 1980 ba su samu yawan kulawar jama'a ba kuma ba su kasance masu tsananin gasa ba, inda ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ta mamaye su. A cewar ɗan jaridar Birtaniya [[Andrew Jennings]], wani kanal na [[KGB]] ya bayyana cewa jami'an hukumar sun yi kamar su jami'an yaƙi da amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari ne daga IOC, domin kawo cikas ga gwaje-gwajen [[doping test|ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari]]. An kuma ce an "ceto" 'yan wasan Soviet sakamakon waɗannan manyan ƙoƙarin.<ref name=DG2011>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E6QIYvAQMDUC|title= Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping|first= Thomas M.|last= Hunt|date= 2011|publisher= University of Texas Press|isbn= 978-0-292-72328-3|page= 66 }}</ref> Dangane da [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]], wani bincike na Ostireliya da aka gudanar a shekarar 1989 ya ce "da kyar za ka samu wanda ya lashe lamba a Wasannin Moscow, musamman wanda ya lashe zinare, wanda ba ya amfani da wani nau'in ƙwaya; yawanci ma nau'o'i da dama. Da ma za a iya kiran Wasannin Moscow Wasannin Masana Kimiyyar Ƙwayoyi."<ref name=DG2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html|title=The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System.|last1=Aleksandrov|first1=Alexei|last2=Aleksandrov|first2=Grebeniuk|last3=Runets|first3=Volodymyr|publisher=|date=22 July 2020|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225193733/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html}}</ref> Takardun da aka samu a shekarar 2016 sun bayyana shirye-shiryen Tarayyar Soviet na kafa tsarin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari a faɗin ƙasar a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle domin shirye-shiryen [[1984 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1984]] a Los Angeles. Takardar, wadda aka rubuta kafin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar kaurace wa wasannin, ta yi bayani kan ayyukan da ake yi a lokacin wajen amfani da sinadaran steroid, tare da shawarwarin yadda za a ƙara inganta shirin.<ref name=NYT160813>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html|title=The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics|last=Ruiz|first=Rebecca R.|date=13 August 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184700/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html}}</ref> Dr. Sergei Portugalov na Cibiyar Ilimin Al'adu ta Jiki ne ya shirya wasiƙar da aka aika wa shugaban wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Tarayyar Soviet. Portugalov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka taka rawa wajen aiwatar da shirin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari na Rasha kafin [[2016 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 2016]].<ref name=NYT160813/> A shekarar 1984, Tarayyar Soviet da [[Eastern Bloc|ƙasashe 13 masu ƙawance da ita]] sun rama ta hanyar [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|kauracewa]] [[1984 Summer Olympics]] da aka gudanar a Los Angeles. [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] da [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] su ne ƙasashe biyu kacal daga Gabashin Turai da suka halarci Wasannin 1984. Wataƙila waɗannan wasannin su ne wasannin farko na wani sabon zamani da suka samu riba. Duk da cewa kauracewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta ta rage yawan 'yan wasa a wasu wasanni, Kwamitocin Olympic na ƙasa 140 ne suka halarta, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin.<ref name=Games1984/> Haka kuma, waɗannan wasannin su ne karo na farko da babban yankin China, wato Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ya shiga. [[1988 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1988]] da aka gudanar a Seoul an shirya su sosai, amma wasannin sun fuskanci matsala lokacin da 'yan wasa da dama, musamman wanda ya lashe tseren mita 100 na maza [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], suka fadi gwaje-gwajen tilas na ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari. Duk da kyawawan wasannin da 'yan wasa da dama suka yi ba tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi ba, yawan mutanen da suka fadi gwaje-gwajen sinadaran da ke ƙara ƙarfin wasa ya mamaye labaran wasannin. [[1992 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Barcelona na 1992]] sun ga shigar 'yan wasa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwararrun wasanni na Arewacin Amurka, wato [[NBA]], wanda ya shahara musamman ta hanyar "[[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Dream Team]]" na ƙwallon kwando na Amurka. Wasannin 1992 sun kuma ga sake komawar wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai cikin Wasannin, waɗanda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Occupation of the Baltic states|mamaye]] a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A waɗannan wasannin, ɗan wasan motsa jiki [[Vitaly Scherbo]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na lashe lambobin zinare guda biyar na mutum ɗaya a Wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ya yi daidai da tarihin farko da [[Eric Heiden]] ya kafa a [[1980 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 1980]]. A wannan lokaci, tsarin zaɓen wurin da za a gudanar da Wasannin ya zama wani lamari na kasuwanci; an samu zarge-zarge masu yawa na cin hanci da rashawa waɗanda ake zargin za su iya shafar tsarin yanke shawara na IOC. A Wasannin Atlanta na [[1996 Summer Olympics]], ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka faru shi ne yadda ɗan tseren mita [[200 metres]] [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] ya karya tarihin duniya a gaban magoya bayansa na gida. Mutanen Kanada sun yi farin ciki da gudun da [[Donovan Bailey]] ya yi wanda ya ba shi lambar zinare a tseren mita 100. An kuma samu lokuta masu cike da tausayawa, kamar lokacin da Muhammad Ali, wanda [[Parkinson's disease|cutar Parkinson]] ta shafa sosai, ya kunna wutar Olympic sannan aka ba shi wata sabuwar lambar yabo a madadin wadda ya jefar a shekarar 1960. An sayar da tikiti miliyan 8.3 na abubuwan wasannin a wannan Olympics, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi wanda ba a karya shi ba sai a shekarar 2024. Sai dai yanayin wasannin ya samu matsala lokacin da wata [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|bam ta fashe]] yayin bikin a Centennial Olympic Park. A watan Yunin 2003, an kama babban wanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan harin, [[Eric Robert Rudolph]]. [[File:2000 Sydney Women's long jump final.jpg|thumb|Wasannin [[2000 Summer Olympics]] a Sydney, Australia, an san su da suna "Wasannin Sabon Ƙarni".]] [[2000 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na 2000]], waɗanda aka gudanar a Sydney, Australia, sun nuna ƙwarewar 'yan wasa da dama, ciki har da fitattun 'yan wasan gida [[Ian Thorpe]] a wasan ninkaya da Cathy Freeman, wata 'yar asalin Ostireliya wadda nasararta a tseren mita [[400 metres]] ta haɗa kan ɗimbin jama'ar da suka cika filin wasa. Baturen nan [[Steve Redgrave]] ya lashe lambar zinare a wasan kwale-kwale, inda ya zama karo na biyar a jere da ya lashe zinare a wasannin Olympics, abin da ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba. Haka kuma, [[Eric Moussambani|Eric "the Eel" Moussambani]], ɗan wasan ninkaya daga Equatorial Guinea, ya samu babban kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ya kammala tseren ninkaya na mita 100 da lokaci mafi jinkiri da aka taɓa samu a tarihin Olympics. Duk da haka, ya lashe rukunin da ya shiga saboda abokan hamayyarsa biyu an cire su daga gasar sakamakon fara tseren kafin lokacin da aka tsara. 'Yar ƙasarsa [[Paula Barila Bolopa]] ita ma ta samu kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda jinkirin da ta yi da kuma yadda ta yi fama, amma ta nuna jarumtaka wajen kammala gasar. Wasannin Sydney sun kuma kasance karo na farko da tawagar haɗin gwiwa daga Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu ta bayyana tare a bukukuwan buɗe wasannin, duk da cewa sun fafata a dukkan wasannin a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An samu ce-ce-ku-ce a wasan motsa jiki na mata lokacin da aka gano cewa an sa sandar tsalle da ba daidai ba a lokacin gasar da ta haɗa dukkan fannoni. ===Farkon ƙarni na 21=== A shekara ta 2004, Gasar Olympics ta koma inda aka haife ta, wato Athens, Girka. An kashe aƙalla dala biliyan 7.2 wajen gudanar da Gasar 2004, ciki har da dala biliyan 1.5 kan tsaro. Michael Phelps ya lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya samu zinare shida da tagulla biyu. Pyrros Dimas, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla, ya zama ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi da ya fi kowa yawan lambobin yabo a tarihi, inda ya samu lambobin Olympics guda huɗu, zinare uku da tagulla ɗaya. Ko da yake rahotannin da ba su da tushe game da yiwuwar hare-haren ta'addanci sun sa jama'a suka nisanci wasannin farko a ƙarshen makon farko na Olympics (14–15 ga Agusta 2004), yawan masu kallo ya ƙaru yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. Ba a sayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tikitin ba,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|work=USA Today|title=Tickets to Olympic events in Beijing sold out|date=28 July 2008|access-date=24 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040248/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|archive-date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma har yanzu sayar da tikitin ta zarce adadin da aka samu a wasannin Olympics na Seoul da Barcelona (1988 da 1992). Shugaban IOC Jacques Rogge ya bayyana yadda Girka ta shirya gasar a matsayin abin ƙwarewa, sannan ya ce matakan tsaronta ba su da wani aibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rogge hails Athens success|date=29 August 2004|access-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=30 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830022624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm}}</ref> Dukkan kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa (NOCs) guda 202 sun halarci Gasar Athens tare da mahalarta sama da 11,000. An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An gabatar da sabbin wasanni da dama, ciki har da sabon fannin BMX ga maza da mata. Mata sun fara shiga gasar tseren steeplechase a karon farko. An faɗaɗa shirin wasan takobi domin ya ƙunshi dukkanin nau'o'i shida ga maza da mata; a baya, mata ba sa iya shiga gasar ƙungiyar foil ko sabre, yayin da aka cire gasar ƙungiyar épée ta mata da foil ta maza daga waɗannan wasanni. An ƙara gasar ninkaya ta marathon mai tazarar kilomita 10. Haka kuma, an maye gurbin wasannin biyu-biyu na wasan tebur da wasannin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name=2008program>{{cite news|title=Beijing 2008: Games Program Finalized|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2008-games-programme-finalised|date=27 April 2006|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Michael Phelps ya kafa tarihin lashe lambobin zinare takwas a Gasar Olympics guda ɗaya, sannan ya yi daidai da tarihin yawan lambobin zinare da ɗan wasa ɗaya ya taɓa samu, wanda Eric Heiden da Vitaly Scherbo suka riƙe a baya. Wani fitaccen ɗan wasan gasar shi ne ɗan tseren Jamaica Usain Bolt, wanda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya a wasan tseren mita 100 da 200 a gasar Olympics guda ɗaya. An gudanar da wasannin doki a Hong Kong. London ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics sau uku. A jawabinsa na rufe gasar, Jacques Rogge ya bayyana wasannin a matsayin "masu farin ciki da ɗaukaka". Ƙasar mai masaukin baki ta lashe lambobin zinare 29, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin da Birtaniya ta samu tun Gasar 1908 a London. Amurka ta koma saman teburin lambobin yabo bayan da Sin ta mamaye shi a 2008. IOC ta cire baseball da softball daga shirin wasannin 2012. Gasar London ta yi nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci domin ita ce ta farko a tarihi da aka sayar da dukkan tikitinta, inda aka samu buƙatun tikiti kusan miliyan ɗaya ga tikiti 40,000 na bikin buɗe gasar da kuma wasan ƙarshe na tseren mita 100 na maza. Saboda yawan buƙatar tikiti a dukkan matakan wasanni, an samu cece-kuce kan kujerun da aka ware wa masu ɗaukar nauyi da wakilan ƙasashe waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba a farkon kwanakin gasar. An samar da tsarin sake rarraba kujeru domin a cike kujerun da ba a yi amfani da su ba yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. ===Wasannin baya-bayan nan=== [[File:Drones durante a abertura das Olimpíadas de Tóquio.jpg|thumb|Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan, ta samu ƙarancin masu kallo sakamakon hana jama'a halartar wasannin saboda annobar COVID-19.]] Rio de Janeiro a Brazil ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, inda ta zama birni na farko a Kudancin Amurka da ya karɓi bakuncin Olympics, birni na biyu a Latin Amurka bayan Mexico City a 1968, sannan birni na uku a yankin Kudancin Duniya bayan Melbourne, Australia, a 1956 da Sydney, Australia, a 2000. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan wasanni sun kasance cikin inuwa saboda cece-kuce, ciki har da rashin kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da matsalar tattalin arziki a ƙasar mai masaukin baki, damuwar lafiya da tsaro da ta shafi kwayar cutar Zika, da kuma gurbatar muhalli mai yawa a Guanabara Bay. Sai dai daga baya wata badakalar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara ƙarfin jiki da gwamnati ta goyi baya da ta shafi 'yan wasan Rasha a Gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu da aka gudanar shekaru biyu kafin hakan ta fi mamaye waɗannan damuwar, kuma ta shafi halartar 'yan wasan ƙasar a waɗannan wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|title=Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2009|access-date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004101815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm}}</ref> An shirya gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan. Birnin ya zama na biyar a tarihi da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu, sannan birni na farko a Asiya da ya samu wannan matsayi. Saboda annobar COVID-19, Firaministan Japan na lokacin Shinzo Abe, IOC da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo sun sanar da cewa za a ɗage wasannin 2020 zuwa 2021, wanda ya kasance karo na farko da aka ɗage Gasar Olympics. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun 1900 da ba a gudanar da wasannin a shekarar da take da kwanaki 366 ba, maimakon haka aka gudanar da su a shekarar da ba ta da kwanaki 366. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics na baya ba, an gudanar da waɗannan wasanni ba tare da masu kallo ba saboda damuwar COVID-19 da kuma dokar ta-baci da aka sanya a birnin mai masaukin baki.<ref name=postponement>{{cite web|title=Tokyo 2020: Olympic and Paralympic Games postponed because of coronavirus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413131543/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/52020134}}</ref><ref name=postponement2>{{Cite web|last1=McCurry|first1=Justin|last2=Ingle|first2=Sean|title=Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic|work=The Guardian|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173934/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|last2=McCurry|first2=Justin|date=8 July 2021|title=Spectators banned from most Olympic events as Covid emergency declared|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games|access-date=8 July 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717130447/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games}}</ref> Duk da haka, Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo 2020 ta ƙunshi lokuta masu tarihi da dama da kuma bajintar fasaha. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar, 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Amurka Simone Biles, ta janye daga wasu wasanni domin ta mai da hankali kan lafiyar tunaninta, amma daga baya ta dawo ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mutum ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/|title=Will Tokyo Olympics be a game-changer in how we view athletes' mental health?|first=Josh|last=Peter|website=USA Today|date=8 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828111252/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/}}</ref> Dan tseren Norway Karsten Warholm ya karya nasa tarihin duniya a tseren mita 400 da shinge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles|title=Norway's Karsten Warholm breaks world record to win gold in men's 400m hurdles|date=27 June 2023|website=Olympics.com|access-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703092517/https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles}}</ref> An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa, inda Paris ta zama birni na biyu bayan London da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1900 da 1924, wanda ya kasance cikar shekaru 100 tun daga gasar ta ƙarshe). Wannan ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko bayan annoba da ta ba da damar masu kallo su halarta. A karon farko, an gudanar da bikin buɗe gasar a wajen babban filin wasa, inda 'yan wasa suka yi fareti a cikin kwale-kwale a kan Kogin Seine. Bayan haka, an kuma gudanar da gasar ninkaya a ruwa a cikin Kogin Seine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=France halves crowd numbers for Olympics opening ceremony on River Seine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|access-date=1 February 2024|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131130653/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Paris 2024 ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko a tarihi da ta samu cikakken daidaiton jinsi a fagen wasanni, inda adadin 'yan wasan maza da mata ya kasance iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masterson|first=Victoria|date=5 April 2024|title=How Paris 2024 aims to become the first-ever gender-equal Olympics |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821221141/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|archive-date=21 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024|work=World Economic Forum}}</ref> ===Wasannin nan gaba=== Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2028 a Los Angeles, California, Amurka, wanda zai zama birni na uku (bayan Paris (1900, 1924, 2024) da London (1908, 1948, 2012)) da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1932 da 1984), sannan Amurka za ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara a karo na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2019|title=Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105932/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|archive-date=15 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2032 a Brisbane, Australia, wanda zai zama birni na uku a Australia da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin, sannan birni na huɗu a kudancin layin ekweta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snape|first=Jack|date=10 September 2021|title=Billion-dollar Brisbane Cricket Ground redevelopment that 'almost lost' 2032 Games bid at heart of new Olympics funding fight|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-11/brisbane-olympics-2032-gabba-redevelopment-funding/100453934|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> ==Wasanni== {{Main|Wasannin Olympics}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, an haɗa jimillar wasanni 44, waɗanda suka ƙunshi fannoni 65, a cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a wani lokaci ko wani a tarihin gasar. Shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na baya-bayan nan ([[2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]) ya ƙunshi wasanni 32, yayin da aka tsara wasanni 36 don wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na gaba ([[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]). A cikinsu, wasanni biyu za su fara bayyana a karon farko (ƙwallon ƙafa ta tutar (flag football) da squash), sannan za a ƙara wasu fannoni biyu (gasar tuƙin kwale-kwale ta bakin teku da lacrosse sixes). Bugu da ƙari, wasan tsere kan kankara (figure skating) da wasan hockey kan kankara sun kasance cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a farko (figure skating a shekarun 1908 da 1920, da hockey kan kankara a shekarar 1920) kafin a mayar da su zuwa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu. An haɗa ƙungiyoyin wasanni daban-daban na Olympics a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya guda mai suna [[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations]] (ASOIF). A cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa, an raba wasannin ruwa, baseball da softball, ƙwallon kwando, rugby da volleyball zuwa fannoni daban-daban. {{legend inline|white|Wasanni na yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Ba a ƙara haɗa su ba}} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- |valign="top"| {|class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Wasanni||Shekaru |- |3x3 basketball||Tun daga 2020 |- |Archery||1900–1908, 1920, tun daga 1972 |- |Artistic swimming||Tun daga 1984 |- |Athletics||Duk |- |Badminton||Tun daga 1992 |- |Baseball||1992–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Basketball||Tun daga 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Basque pelota||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Beach volleyball||Tun daga 1996 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Breaking||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2024 |- |Boxing||1904, 1908, tun daga 1920 |- |Canoeing||Tun daga 1936 |- |Cricket||1900, 2028 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Croquet||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Cycling||Duk |- |Diving||Tun daga 1904 |- |Equestrian||1900, tun daga 1912 |- |Fencing||Duk |- |Field hockey||1908, 1920, tun daga 1928 |- |Flag football||2028 |- |Football||1900–1928, tun daga 1936 |- |Golf||1900, 1904, tun daga 2016 |- |Gymnastics||Duk |- |Handball||1936, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Jeu de paume||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Judo||1964, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Karate||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2020 |- |Lacrosse||1904, 1908, 2028 |- |Marathon swimming||Tun daga 2008 |- |Modern pentathlon||Tun daga 1912 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Polo||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rackets||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Roque||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1904 |- |Rowing||Tun daga 1900 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rugby union||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924 |- |Rugby sevens||Tun daga 2016 |- |Sailing||1900, tun daga 1908 |- |Shooting||1896, 1900, 1908–1924, tun daga 1932 |- |Skateboarding||Tun daga 2020 |- |Softball||1996–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Sport climbing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Squash||2028 |- |Surfing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Swimming||Duk |- |Table tennis||Tun daga 1988 |- |Taekwondo||Tun daga 2000 |- |Tennis||1896–1924, tun daga 1988 |- |Triathlon||Tun daga 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Tug of war||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900–1920 |- |Volleyball||Tun daga 1964 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Water motorsports||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Water polo||Tun daga 1900 |- |Weightlifting||1896, 1904, tun daga 1920 |- |Wrestling||1896, tun daga 1904 |} |} ===Cancantar shiga gasar=== Ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga kowanne daga cikin wasannin Olympics ana tsara su ne ta Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya (IF) wadda ke kula da gasar wasannin ta duniya.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sports Federations|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/international-federations|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> A wasannin mutum ɗaya, 'yan wasa sukan cancanci shiga gasar ta hanyar samun wani matsayi a babban taron gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma a jerin matsayi na IF. Akwai ƙa'ida ta gama-gari cewa ba za a iya samun fiye da 'yan wasa uku na mutum ɗaya daga kowace ƙasa a kowace gasa ba. Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa (NOCs) na iya shigar da adadi iyakantacce na 'yan wasan da suka cancanta a kowace gasa. NOC ce ke yanke shawarar waɗanne 'yan wasa da suka cancanta za ta zaɓa a matsayin wakilai a kowace gasa idan 'yan wasa da yawa sun kai matsayin cancantar fiye da adadin da za a iya shigarwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Committees|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/national-olympic-committees|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe galibi suna cancantar shigar da ƙungiyoyinsu a wasannin ƙungiya ta hanyar gasannin neman gurbin shiga na nahiyoyi, inda kowace ƙungiyar nahiyoyi ake ba ta wani adadi na gurabe a gasar Olympics. Kowace ƙasa ba za ta iya samun wakilci da fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya a kowace gasa ba. A wasu wasanni, ƙungiya tana ƙunshe da mutane biyu kacal. Ana iya bai wa wasu [[National Olympic Committee|Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa]], waɗanda ƙasashensu ba su samu isassun wakilai ba bayan cancantar shiga gasar, guraben gayyata na musamman, waɗanda ake kira ''Universality Places'', a wasu wasannin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/what-are-universality-places-and-who-can-obtain-one|title=What are Universality Places and who can obtain one?|date=10 May 2024|first=Matthew|last=Nelson|website=Olympics.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> ===Shaharar wasannin Olympics=== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) yana raba wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara zuwa rukuni biyar (A – E) bisa ga shahararsu, ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunai guda shida: yawan masu kallon talabijin (40%), shahararsu a intanet (20%), binciken ra'ayin jama'a (15%), buƙatun tikiti (10%), ɗaukar labarai a kafafen yaɗa labarai (10%), da adadin ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa (5%). Rukunin da aka sanya wasa a ciki yana ƙayyade kaso na kuɗaɗen shiga na Olympics da Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya ta wannan wasa za ta samu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Athletics to share limelight as one of top Olympic sports|url=http://www.qt.com.au/news/atheltics-share-limelight-one-top-olympic-sports/1889097/|newspaper=The Queensland Times|date=31 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Winners Include Gymnastics, Swimming – and Wrestling – as IOC Announces New Funding Distribution Groupings|work=[[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations|ASOIF]]|url=http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|date=29 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|last=Murray|first=Callum|location=St Petersburg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225220/http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanya wasannin da suka fara bayyana a Olympics na 2016 (rugby da golf) cikin rukuni na E. Rukunonin na yanzu su ne: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rukuni !! Adadi !! Wasanni |- |align=center|A||align=center|3||athletics, aquatics,{{ref label|a|a}} gymnastics |- |align=center|B||align=center|5||basketball, cycling, football, tennis, volleyball |- |align=center|C||align=center|8||archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table tennis, weightlifting |- |align=center|D||align=center|9||canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling |- |align=center|E||align=center|3||modern pentathlon, golf, rugby |- |align=center|F||align=center|6||baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing |- |} <span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}}Wasannin ruwa sun ƙunshi fannoni na artistic swimming, diving, marathon swimming, swimming da water polo.</span> ==Jadawalin lambobin yabo na kowane lokaci== Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da bayanan hukuma da [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] ta bayar. {{legend|BurlyWood|'''Ƙasa da ta daina wanzuwa'''}}''<small>Matsayi bayan wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2024</small>'' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width:75%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Matsayi !!Ƙasa !! style="background-color:gold;"|Zinariya !! style="background-color:silver;"|Azurfa !! style="background-color:#c96;"|Tagulla !!Jimilla !!Wasannin da ta halarta |- !1 |align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}}||1105||879||780||2764||29 |- !2 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|URS}}||395||319||296||1010||9 |- !3 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CHN}}||303||226||198||727||12 |- !4 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}}||298||340||343||981||30 |- !5 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}}||239||277||299||815||29 |- !6 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}}||229||201||228||658||29 |- !7 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}}||213||220||255||688||18 |- !8 |align="left"|{{flagicon|JPN}}||189||162||191||542||24 |- !9 |align="left"|{{flagicon|HUN}}||187||161||182||530||28 |- !10 |align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}}||182||192||226||600||28 |- !11 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|GDR}}||153||129||127||409||5 |- !12 |align="left"|{{flagicon|SWE}}||151||181||182||514||28 |- !13 |align="left"|{{flagicon|RUS}}||147||126||150||423||6 |- !14 |align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}}||110||112||134||356||28 |- !15 |align="left"|{{flagicon|KOR}}||109||100||111||320||19 |- !16 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}}||101||85||119||305||27 |- !17 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ROU}}||93||101||123||317||23 |- !18 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CUB}}||86||70||88||244||22 |- 21 68 84 132 284 !19 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}}||80||117||156||353||28 |- !20 |align="left"|{{flagicon|POL}}||73||93||142||308||23 |- |} ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {{Main|List of Olympic medal leaders by year}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Olympic rings.svg|30px]] '''Jadawalin lambobin yabo na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|na kowane lokaci]] [[List of Olympic medal leaders by year#Summer Olympics|da ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1896 Summer Olympics medal table|1896]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1896 Summer}} * [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|1900]]: {{flag IOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} * [[1904 Summer Olympics medal table|1904]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1904 Summer}} * [[1908 Summer Olympics medal table|1908]]: {{flag IOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} * [[1912 Summer Olympics medal table|1912]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1912 Summer}} * [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|1920]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1920 Summer}} * [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|1924]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1924 Summer}} * [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|1928]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1928 Summer}} * [[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|1932]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1932 Summer}} * [[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|1936]]: {{flag IOC|GER|1936 Summer}} * [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|1948]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1948 Summer}} * [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|1952]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1952 Summer}} * [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|1956]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1956 Summer}} * [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|1960]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1960 Summer}} * [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|1964]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1964 Summer}} * [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|1968]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1968 Summer}} * [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|1972]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1972 Summer}} * [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|1976]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1976 Summer}} * [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|1980]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1980 Summer}} * [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|1984]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1984 Summer}} * [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|1988]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1988 Summer}} * [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|1992]]: {{flag IOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} * [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|1996]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1996 Summer}} * [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|2000]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2000 Summer}} * [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|2004]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2004 Summer}} * [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|2008]]: {{flag IOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} * [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|2012]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2012 Summer}} * [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|2016]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2016 Summer}} * [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|2020]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2020 Summer}} * [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table|2024]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2024 Summer}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} '''Yawan lokutan da suka samu matsayi na farko''' {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- !Matsayi !Ƙasa !Adadin wasannin |- |1||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|USA}}||Sau 19 |- |2||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|URS}}||Sau 6 |- |rowspan=5|3||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|CHN}}||rowspan=5|Sau 1 |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|FRA}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GBR}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GER}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|EUN}} |- |} ==Jerin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) bai taɓa yanke shawarar waɗanne wasanni na farkon gasannin ne suka kasance na "Olympics" da waɗanda ba haka ba ba.<ref name=KLWT>{{cite book|first1=Karl|last1=Lennartz|first2=Walter|last2=Teutenberg|title=Olympische Spiele 1900 in Paris|publisher=Agon-Sportverlag|location=Kassel, Germany|page=147|date=1995|isbn=3-928562-20-7|quote=In many works, it is read that the IOC later met to decide which events were Olympic and which were not. This is not correct and no decision has ever been made. No discussion of this item can be found in the account of any Session.}}</ref> Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya kafa wasannin Olympics na zamani, ya bar wannan hukunci ga waɗanda suka shirya waɗannan wasannin. {{sticky-header}} {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2"|<!--Please DO NOT change this to year. The year is part of the Date column, and is the same as this column only for the most part. This column says 2020 is the Olympiad and the Date column says they were held in July-August 2021.-->Zangon Olympics ! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Na.|Lambar zangon Olympics}} ! colspan="2"|Mai masaukin baƙi ! rowspan="2"|Kwanakin gasar /<br/>Wanda ya buɗe ta ! rowspan="2"|Wasanni<br/>(Fannoni) ! colspan="3"|Masu fafatawa ! rowspan="2"|Gasa ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasashe ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasar da ta fi samun lambobin yabo |- !Birni !Ƙasa !Jimilla !Maza !Mata |- |1896<ref name=Games1896/> |{{sort|01|[[1896 Summer Olympics|I]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}} |6–15 Afrilu 1896<br/>[[List of kings of Greece|Sarki]] [[George I of Greece]] |9 (10)||241||241||0||43||14{{efn|name=Mixed Team|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896 1896], [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900 1900] da [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904 1904] bai ƙirga ƙungiyoyin gauraye (ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa daga ƙasashe daban-daban) a matsayin wata ƙasa ta daban ba yayin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarta. A lokaci guda, IOC yana nuna ƙungiyoyin gauraye a sakamakon gasannin da suka fafata. Saboda haka, adadin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka bayyana tare da ƙungiyoyin gauraye su ne suka halarci wasannin.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1896 Summer}} |- |1900<ref name=Games1900/> |{{sort|02|[[1900 Summer Olympics|II]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |14 Mayu – 28 Oktoba 1900<br/>[[Pierre de Coubertin|Baron Pierre de Coubertin]] |19 (21)||1,226||1,202||24{{efn|A wani lokaci da ya gabata, ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ta nuna gasannin neman lambobin yabo 85, ƙasashe 24 da 'yan wasa 997 (mata 22 da maza 975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Sports, Athletes {{!}} Médailles, Résultats, Sports et Athlètes des Jeux Olympiques|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150828/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|url-status=dead }}</ref> Bill Mallon, masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci,<ref name="Mallon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inAwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1998|title = The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=25–28|isbn = 978-0-7864-4064-1}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun, ya ba da shawarar cewa gasanni 95 sun cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan (ƙuntatawa ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, halartar ƙasashen duniya, buɗewa ga dukkan masu fafatawa, da rashin amfani da tsarin nakasassu) kuma ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin gasannin Olympics. A watan Yuli 2021, IOC ta sabunta cikakkiyar ma'ajiyar bayanan sakamakon Olympics ta intanet, inda ta shigar da bayanan shafin masana tarihin Olympics, ''Olympedia.org'', a fili. Ta haka ta amince da shawarar Mallon (bisa ga ƙa'idoji huɗu da aka yi amfani da su) game da gasannin Olympics na 1900. An ƙara gasanni 11 waɗanda aka nuna sakamakonsu a tsohuwar ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC, a kan jimillar gasanni 85 da aka nuna a baya. An cire wata gasa ta harbin bindiga (bindigar soja ta mita 20, wadda gasa ce ta ƙwararru). Amincewa da shawarar Mallon ya ƙara adadin gasanni zuwa 95, sannan ya ƙara adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta zuwa 26 da 'yan wasa zuwa 1,226. Bayan sabunta ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta intanet, sashen sakamakon gasanni na shafin IOC ya ƙunshi gasanni 95.<ref name=IOC1900Results /> Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ya nuna jimillar gasannin neman lambobin yabo 95, ƙasashe 26 da 'yan wasa 1,226.<ref name=Games1900 /> Bugu da ƙari, takardar bayanan IOC mai suna "The Games of the Olympiad" ta watan Nuwamba 2021 ta ambaci gasanni 95, amma har yanzu tana amfani da tsoffin adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta (24) da 'yan wasa (997).<ref name=FactsheetGames/>}}||95||26{{efn|name=Mixed Team}}{{efn|A cewar Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, ƙasashe 26 ne suka tura masu fafatawa zuwa wannan bugu na gasar.<ref name=Games1900 /> A wancan lokaci, babu tsarin "ƙungiyoyin ƙasa" da Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa ke zaɓa. Lokacin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarci farkon gasannin Olympics, IOC ba ya la'akari da ƙasashen da ba su da wakilci kai tsaye, amma 'yan ƙasarsu suka fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe. Bincike na zamani ya nuna<ref name="Mallon"/> cewa a Olympics na 1900, 'yan wasa daga aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda ba su da wakilci kai tsaye (Canada, Luxembourg, Colombia da New Zealand) sun fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe a wasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya. Shafin IOC ya jera dukkan su a sashen sakamako bisa ga ƙasashensu,<ref name=IOC1900Results>{{cite web|title=Paris 1900 Results|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/results|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> amma bai haɗa ƙasashensu cikin ƙasashe 26 da suka halarta ba.<ref name=Games1900 />}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} |- |1904<ref name=Games1904/> |{{sort|03|[[1904 Summer Olympics|III]]}} |align=left|[[St. Louis]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1896}} |1 Yuli – 23 Nuwamba 1904<br/>[[List of governors of Missouri|Gwamna]] [[David R. Francis]] |16 (18)||651||645||6||95{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1904<ref name=Games1904/> ya sanya adadin gasanni 95, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|archive-date=2 June 2016|title=St. Louis 1904 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602114217/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> ya nuna 91. An samo adadin 91 daga aikin masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci Bill Mallon,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll16/id/1/|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1999|title = The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|page=16|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn = 9781476621609}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun. Gasannin da suka cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan na farkon ƙarni na 20 — waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, suka ba da damar halartar ƙasashen duniya, suka buɗe ga dukkan masu fafatawa, kuma ba su yi amfani da tsarin nakasassu ba — yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gasannin Olympics.}}||12{{efn|name=Mixed Team}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1904 Summer}} |- |1908<ref name=Games1908/> |{{sort|04|[[1908 Summer Olympics|IV]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |'''27 Afrilu – 31 Oktoba 1908'''<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[Edward VII]] |22 (25)||2,008||1,971||37||110||22 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} |- |1912<ref name=Games1912/> |{{sort|05|[[1912 Summer Olympics|V]]}} |align=left|[[Stockholm]] |align=left|{{flag|Sweden}} |6–22 Yuli 1912<br/>[[Monarchy of Sweden|Sarki]] [[Gustaf V]] |14 (18)||2,407||2,359||48||102||28 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1912 Summer}} |- |1916 |{{sort|06|[[1916 Summer Olympics|VI]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games|Ko da yake an soke wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1916, 1940 da 1944, an ci gaba da amfani da lambobin Roman na waɗannan wasannin saboda sunayen hukuma na wasannin lokacin bazara suna ƙirga zangon Olympics, ba wasannin kansu ba, kamar yadda Yarjejeniya ta Olympics ta tanada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Now You Know Big Book of Sports|first=Doug|last=Lennox|author-link=Doug Lennox|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/223 223]|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|isbn=978-1-55488-454-4|url=https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9|url-access=registration }}</ref> Wannan ya bambanta da wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu, waɗanda ba sa ƙirga wasannin lokacin hunturu na 1940 da 1944 da aka soke a cikin lambar jerinsu.}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}} ! colspan="8"|''An soke saboda [[World War I]]'' |- |1920<ref name=Games1920/> |{{sort|07|[[1920 Summer Olympics|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Antwerp]] |align=left|{{flag|Belgium}} |14 Agusta – 12 Satumba 1920<br/>[[Monarchy of Belgium|Sarki]] [[Albert I of Belgium]] |22 (29)||2,626||2,561||65||156{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1920<ref name=Games1920/> ya nuna gasanni 156, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|title=Antwerp 1920 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125827/http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=2 June 2016 }}</ref> ya nuna 154 (bambancin ya kasance gasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a [[Amsterdam]]).}}||39 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1920 Summer}} |- |1924<ref name=Games1924/> |{{sort|08|[[1924 Summer Olympics|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |5–27 Yuli 1924<br/>[[President of France|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gaston Doumergue]] |17 (23)||3,089||2,954||135||126||44 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1924 Summer}} |- |1928<ref name=Games1928/> |{{sort|09|[[1928 Summer Olympics|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Amsterdam]] |align=left|{{flag|Netherlands}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1928<br/>[[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |rowspan="2"|14 (20)||2,883||2,606||277||109||46 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1928 Summer}} |- |1932<ref name=Games1932/> |{{sort|10|[[1932 Summer Olympics|X]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1912}} |30 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1932<br/>[[Vice President of the United States|Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Charles Curtis]] |1,332||1,206||126||117||37 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1932 Summer}} |- |1936<ref name=Games1936/> |{{sort|11|[[1936 Summer Olympics|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |1–16 Agusta 1936<br/>[[Chancellor of Germany|Kansila]] [[Adolf Hitler]] |19 (25)||3,963||3,632||331||129||49 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GER|1936 Summer}} |- |1940 |{{sort|12|[[1940 Summer Olympics|XII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]]<br />[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<br />{{flag|Finland}} !colspan="8"|''An fara ba Japan damar shirya gasar, daga baya aka ba Finland. An soke saboda [[World War II]]'' |- |1944 |{{sort|13|[[1944 Summer Olympics|XIII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |rowspan="2"|[[London]] |rowspan="2"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} !colspan="8"|''An soke saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' |- |1948<ref name=Games1948/> |{{sort|14|[[1948 Summer Olympics|XIV]]}} |29 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1948<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[George VI]] |rowspan="4"|17 (23)||4,104||3,714||390||136||59 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1948 Summer}} |- |1952<ref name=Games1952/> |{{sort|15|[[1952 Summer Olympics|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Finland}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1952<br/>[[President of Finland|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |4,955||4,436||519||149||69 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} |- |1956<ref name=Games1956/> |{{sort|16|[[1956 Summer Olympics|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]]<br />[[Stockholm]]{{efn|An gudanar da [[Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics|gasannin hawan dawakai]] a Stockholm, Sweden, watanni da dama kafin sauran gasannin da aka yi a Melbourne saboda dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Ostiraliya. Stockholm ta nemi izinin karɓar gasannin hawan dawakai daban.}} |align=left|{{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |22 Nuwamba – 8 Disamba 1956<br/>[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |3,314||2,938||376||151{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1956<ref name=Games1956/> ya nuna jimillar gasanni 151 (gasanni 145 a Melbourne da gasannin hawan dawakai guda shida a [[Stockholm]]).}}||72{{efn|Ƙasashe biyar daga cikin ƙasashe 72 da suka fafata a gasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm ba su halarci babban taron wasannin da aka yi a Melbourne ba.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1956 Summer}} |- |1960<ref name=Games1960/> |{{sort|17|[[1960 Summer Olympics|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Rome]] |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |25 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1960<br/>[[President of Italy|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Giovanni Gronchi]] |5,338||4,727||611||150||83 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1960 Summer}} |- |1964<ref name=Games1964/> |{{sort|18|[[1964 Summer Olympics|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}} |10–24 Oktoba 1964<br/>[[Emperor of Japan|Sarki]] [[Hirohito]] |19 (25)||5,151||4,473||678||163||93 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1964 Summer}} |- |1968<ref name=Games1968/> |{{sort|19|[[1968 Summer Olympics|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Mexico City]] |align=left|{{flag|Mexico}} |12–27 Oktoba 1968<br/>[[President of Mexico|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] |18 (24)||5,516||4,735||781||172||112 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1968 Summer}} |- |1972<ref name=Games1972/> |{{sort|20|[[1972 Summer Olympics|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Munich]] |align=left|{{flag|West Germany}} |26 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1972{{efn|An tsara wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972 su ƙare a ranar 10 Satumba 1972, amma an ɗage su da kwana ɗaya zuwa 11 Satumba, bayan dakatar da gasannin na tsawon sa'o'i 34 sakamakon [[Munich massacre]], wanda ya faru bayan rana ta 9.}}<br/>[[President of Germany|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustav Heinemann]] |21 (28)||7,134||6,075||1,059||195||121 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1972 Summer}} |- |1976<ref name=Games1976/> |{{sort|21|[[1976 Summer Olympics|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Montreal]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |17 Yuli – 1 Agusta 1976<br/>[[Monarchy of Canada|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |rowspan="2"|21 (27)||6,084||4,824||1,260||198||92 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1976 Summer}} |- |1980<ref name=Games1980/> |{{sort|22|[[1980 Summer Olympics|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Moscow]] |align=left|{{flag|Soviet Union}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1980<br/>[[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Shugaban Presidium]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]]{{efn|Bayanan IOC sun nuna cewa Brezhnev ya buɗe wasannin Moscow a matsayin "Shugaban ƙasa", taken da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ga shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet, ko shugaban ƙasa a bisa doka. (Ba a ƙirƙiri ofishin [[President of the Soviet Union]] ba sai a shekarar 1990, shekara guda kafin ƙasar ta [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|rarrabu]].)<ref name=FactsheetSOG>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad|pages=4–5|date=6 October 2021|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212924/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref>}} |5,179||4,064||1,115||203||80 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1980 Summer}} |- |1984<ref name=Games1984/> |{{sort|23|[[1984 Summer Olympics|XXIII]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1984<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Ronald Reagan]] |21 (29)||6,829||5,263||1,566||221||140 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} |- |1988<ref name=Games1988/> |{{sort|24|[[1988 Summer Olympics|XXIV]]}} |align=left|[[Seoul]] |align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}} |17 Satumba – 2 Oktoba 1988<br/>[[President of South Korea|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] |23 (31)||8,391||6,197||2,194||237||159 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} |- |1992<ref name=Games1992/> |{{sort|25|[[1992 Summer Olympics|XXV]]}} |align=left|[[Barcelona]] |align=left|{{flag|Spain}} |25 Yuli – 9 Agusta 1992<br/>[[Monarchy of Spain|Sarki]] [[Juan Carlos I]] |25 (34)||9,356||6,652||2,704||257||169 |align=left|{{flagIOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} |- |1996<ref name=Games1996/> |{{sort|26|[[1996 Summer Olympics|XXVI]]}} |align=left|[[Atlanta]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |19 Yuli - 4 Agusta 1996<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Bill Clinton]] |26 (37)||10,318||'''6,806'''||3,512||271||197 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1996 Summer}} |- |2000<ref name=Games2000/> |{{sort|27|[[2000 Summer Olympics|XXVII]]}} |align=left|[[Sydney]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |15 Satumba – 1 Oktoba 2000<br/>[[Governor-General of Australia|Gwamna-Janar Sir]] [[William Deane]] |rowspan="2"|28 (40)||10,651||6,582||4,069||300||199 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2000 Summer}} |- |2004<ref name=Games2004/> |{{sort|28|[[2004 Summer Olympics|XXVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Greece}} |13–29 Agusta 2004<br/>[[President of Greece|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]] |10,625||6,296||4,329||301||201 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2004 Summer}} |- |2008<ref name=Games2008/> |{{sort|29|[[2008 Summer Olympics|XXIX]]}} |align=left|[[Beijing]] |align=left|{{flag|China}} |8–24 Agusta 2008<br/>[[President of China|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Hu Jintao]] |28 (41)||10,942||6,305||4,637||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} |- |2012<ref name=Games2012/> |{{sort|30|[[2012 Summer Olympics|XXX]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |27 Yuli – 12 Agusta 2012<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |26 (39)||10,768||5,992||4,776||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2012 Summer}} |- |2016<ref name=Games2016/> |{{sort|31|[[2016 Summer Olympics|XXXI]]}} |align=left|[[Rio de Janeiro]] |align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |5–21 Agusta 2016<br/>[[President of Brazil|Mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Michel Temer]] |28 (42)||11,238||6,179||5,059||306||'''207''' |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer}} |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|[[2020 Summer Olympics|XXXII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 Yuli – 8 Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin tun farko daga 24 Yuli zuwa 9 Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kiran taron wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna zangon Olympics na 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zangon Olympics na shekaru |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|XXXII}} |align=left|Tokyo |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin ne tun farko daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda annobar COVID-19. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kiran taron da sunan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna Olimpiad ta 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zagayowar Olimpiad na shekaru huɗu.<ref name=postponement/>}}<br/>[[Sarkin Japan|Sarki]] Naruhito |33 (50)||'''11,476'''||5,982||'''5,494'''||339||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2020 Summer}} |- |2024<ref name=Games2024/> |{{sort|33|XXXIII}} |align=left|Paris |align=left|{{flag|France}} |26 ga Yuli – 11 ga Agusta 2024<br/>[[Shugaban Faransa|Shugaba]] Emmanuel Macron |32 (48)||10,714||5,357||5,357||329||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2024 Summer}} |- |''2028''<ref name=Games2028/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2029; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|34|''XXXIV''}} |align=left|''Los Angeles'' |align=left|''{{flag|United States}}'' |''14–30 ga Yuli 2028<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT add president or vice president; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the other column headings.--> |'''36 (51)'''||''11,198''{{efn|name=LA28quota|Shirin wasannin LA28 ya kiyaye adadin ’yan wasa na asali 10,500, tare da ƙarin guraben ’yan wasa 698 da aka ware wa wasannin zaɓi guda biyar da kwamitin shirya LA28 ya gabatar. Jimillar ta ƙunshi ’yan wasa maza 5,167 da mata 5,333. Wannan zai kasance karo na farko da wasannin Olympics za su ƙunshi mata fiye da maza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/la28-event-programme-marks-strong-commitment-towards-innovation-and-gender-equality|title=LA28 event programme marks strong commitment towards innovation and gender equality|date=9 April 2025|website=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>}}||''5,167''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||''5,333''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||'''353'''||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2032''<ref name=Games2032/> |{{sort|35|''XXXV''}} |align=left|''Brisbane'' |align=left|''{{flag|Australia}}'' |''23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2032<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT change these dates of 2032 or add current spouse of the king; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the column headings.--> |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2036''<ref name=Games2036/> |{{sort|36|''XXXVI''}} | | |''Ba a sanar ba'' |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ficn3pyf0va38kwg69ntrf40k3usiog 966083 966082 2026-10-11T07:30:31Z Nura Bello 24854 966083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''Olympics na ba'zara''' ko '''Wasannin Olympiad''', wani babban taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a duk bayan shekaru huɗu. An gudanar da wasannin farko a shekarar 1896 a Athens, wadda a lokacin take cikin Masarautar Girka, yayin da aka gudanar da na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2024 a Paris, Faransa. Wannan shi ne taron wasanni na ƙasashen duniya na farko mai irin wannan tsari, wanda Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) ya shirya, wanda Pierre de Coubertin ya kafa.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Summer Olympic Games {{!}} Dates, Locations, Facts, & Athletes {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Summer-Olympic-Games|access-date=2 August 2024|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> An fara al'adar bayar da lambobin yabo a shekarar 1904; a kowane taron Olympics, ana ba da lambar zinare ga wanda ya zo na farko, lambar azurfa ga wanda ya zo na biyu, da lambar tagulla ga wanda ya zo na uku. An ƙirƙiri Wasannin Olympics na hunturu ne sakamakon nasarar Wasannin Olympics na bazara, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi daraja a cikin tarukan wasanni na ƙasashen duniya. Wasannin Olympics na bazara sun ƙaru sosai tun daga gasannin da suka ƙunshi wasanni 42 a shekarar 1896, tare da maza masu fafatawa ƙasa da 250 daga ƙasashe 14, zuwa wasanni 339 a shekarar 2021 (Wasannin Olympics na 2020), tare da masu fafatawa 11,319 (kusan rabinsu mata) daga ƙasashe 206. An gudanar da wasannin a ƙasashe 19 a nahiyoyi biyar: sau huɗu a Amurka (1904, 1932, 1984, da 1996), sau uku a Birtaniya (1908, 1948, da 2012) da Faransa (1900, 1924, da 2024), sau biyu a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Girka (1896 da 2004), Jamus (1936 da 1972), Australia (1956 da 2000), da Japan (1964 da 2020), sannan sau ɗaya a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italiya (1960), Mexico (1968), Kanada (1976), Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Koriya ta Kudu (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), da Brazil (2016). London da Paris sun karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku, yayin da Los Angeles, Athens, da Tokyo kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu; Los Angeles za ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-in-agreeing-to-award-2024-and-2028-olympic-games-at-the-same-time|date=11 July 2017|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku ne kawai suka samu aƙalla lambar yabo guda ɗaya a dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara: Australia, Faransa, da Birtaniya. Birtaniya ce kaɗai ta samu aƙalla lambar zinare a kowane bugu na wasannin. Amurka ce ke kan gaba a jimillar lambobin yabo na dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ta kasance a saman jadawalin lambobin yabo sau 19, sai Tarayyar Soviet (sau bakwai, ciki har da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1992), sannan Faransa, Birtaniya, Jamus, da China (sau ɗaya kowannensu). ==Karɓar bakuncin wasanni== [[File:Summer Olympics.svg|thumb|Taswirar wuraren da aka gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara – an yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya launin kore, yayin da aka yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu ko fiye launin shuɗi.]] Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau huɗu: wasannin 1904 a St. Louis, Missouri; wasannin 1932 da 1984 a Los Angeles, California; da wasannin 1996 a Atlanta, Georgia. Wasannin 2028 da za a gudanar a Los Angeles za su zama karo na biyar da Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara. A shekarar 1924, Paris ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu, yayin da a shekarar 2012, London ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau uku. Paris ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2024, yayin da Los Angeles za ta yi hakan a shekarar 2028. Tokyo (1964 da 2020) da Athens (1896 da 2004, ba tare da haɗa wasannin 1906 ba) kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu. Australia, Jamus, Girka, da Japan duk sun karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu (Australia za ta karɓi bakuncinsu karo na uku a shekarar 2032). Tokyo ce birni na farko a wajen ƙasashen da galibi ake magana da Turanci da kuma ƙasashen Turai da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schaffer|first1=Kay|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|date=2000|page=271}}</ref> ita ce kuma birni mafi girma da ya taɓa karɓar bakuncin wasannin, domin ta bunƙasa sosai tun daga shekarar 1964. Sauran ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara su ne Belgium, Brazil, Kanada, China, Finland, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Koriya ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Spain, da Sweden, inda kowace daga cikinsu ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya. Asiya ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau huɗu: a Tokyo (1964 da 2020), Seoul (1988), da Beijing (2008). Wasannin 2016 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, su ne wasannin Olympics na bazara na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Amurka, sannan su ne na farko da aka gudanar gaba ɗaya a lokacin da ake kira "hunturu" a yankin. Ƙasashe biyu ne kawai a yankin Kudancin Duniya suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin: Australia (1956, 2000, da kuma 2032) da Brazil (2016), yayin da har yanzu ba a taɓa gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara a Afirka ba. Stockholm, Sweden, ta karɓi bakuncin wasanni a lokuta biyu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1912 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin hawan dawakai na Olympics na bazara na 1956 (wanda dokokin keɓe masu zuwa ƙasa suka hana gudanarwa a Melbourne, Australia).<ref name="Games1956" /> Amsterdam, Netherlands, ita ma ta karɓi bakuncin wasu wasanni a Wasannin Olympics na bazara guda biyu, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1928 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin gasannin tseren jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1920. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, Hong Kong ta samar da wuraren gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai, waɗanda aka gudanar a Sha Tin da Kwu Tung. Karɓar bakuncin wasannin yana buƙatar manyan zuba jari a kayayyakin more rayuwa na birni, kuma yana hanzarta irin waɗannan zuba jarin.<ref name=jrs>{{Cite journal |last=Short |first=John R. |date=December 2008 |title=Globalization, cities and the Summer Olympics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810802478888 |journal=City |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=321–340 |doi=10.1080/13604810802478888 |bibcode=2008City...12..321S |issn=1360-4813}}</ref> A yanzu wasannin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsaren shugabannin birane na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar biranensu da sauran duniya da kuma gasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki.<ref name=jrs/> ==Tarihi== ===Shekarun farko=== [[File:1906 Intercalated Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a filin wasa na Panathenaic, Athens]] An kafa Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) a shekarar 1894, lokacin da Pierre de Coubertin, wani malamin Faransa kuma masanin tarihi, ya nemi inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar gasannin wasanni. An gudanar da bugu na farko na Wasannin Olympics a Athens a shekarar 1896, kuma ya jawo masu fafatawa 245 kawai, waɗanda sama da 200 daga cikinsu 'yan Girka ne, kuma ƙasashe 14 ne kawai suka halarta. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa shirya wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa mai girman wannan ba a baya. Ba a ba wa mata damar fafatawa ba, duk da cewa wata mace mai suna Stamata Revithi ta yi gudun tseren gudun fanfalaki ita kaɗai, tana mai cewa, "Idan kwamitin bai bar ni in fafata ba, zan bi su ko ta yaya".<ref name=Revithi>{{cite journal|author = Tarasouleas, Athanasios|date =Summer 1993|title = The Female Spiridon Loues|journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 11–12|url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|access-date = 26 June 2012|archive-date = 25 June 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625162746/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|url-status = dead }}</ref> Mata sun fara shiga gasanni a hukumance a wasannin Paris na shekarar 1900, inda mata 22 suka fafata a wasanni biyar. Shigar mata ta ƙaru sosai tun daga lokacin, inda kusan rabin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin baya-bayan nan mata ne.<ref name="britannica.com"/> Wasannin Olympics na 1896, waɗanda a hukumance aka sani da Wasannin Olympiad, wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya da aka gudanar a Athens, Girka, daga 6 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 1896. Su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a zamanin zamani. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin buɗe wasannin. 'Yan wasan sun fito daga ƙasashe 14, inda mafi yawansu suka fito daga Girka. Duk da cewa Girka ce ta fi yawan 'yan wasa, Amurka ce ta kammala da mafi yawan waɗanda suka zama zakarun wasanni; Amurkawa 11 ne suka zo na farko a wasanninsu, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Girka 10.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Swifter, Higher, Stronger|last = Macy|first = Sue|publisher = National Geographic|year = 2004|isbn = 0-7922-6667-6|location = Washington D.C., United States|pages = [https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16 16]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16}}</ref> Tsohuwar Girka ita ce mahaifar Wasannin Olympics, saboda haka aka ɗauki Athens a matsayin wurin da ya dace don gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko. An zaɓi Athens a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin wasannin baki ɗaya a wani taro da Pierre de Coubertin ya shirya a Paris, ranar 23 ga Yuni 1894. An kuma kafa IOC a wannan taron. Duk da matsaloli da koma-baya da dama, an ɗauki wasannin Olympics na 1896 a matsayin babban nasara. Wasannin sun samu halartar ƙasashe daban-daban fiye da kowane taron wasanni da aka gudanar kafin wannan lokaci. Filin wasa na Panathenaic, filin wasa na farko mai girma a duniyar zamani, ya cika makil da mafi yawan taron jama'a da suka taɓa kallon wani taron wasanni.<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=David C.|date=1996|title=The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5374-6|page=144}}</ref> Babban abin farin ciki ga 'yan Girka shi ne nasarar da ɗan ƙasarsu Spiridon Louis, mai ɗaukar ruwa, ya samu a tseren Marathon. Ya lashe gasar cikin sa'o'i 2, mintuna 58 da daƙiƙa 50, lamarin da ya jawo murna mai yawa a filin wasan. Wanda ya fi samun nasara a gasar shi ne Carl Schuhmann, ɗan Jamus, mai kokawa kuma ɗan wasan motsa jiki, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu. Jami'an Girka da jama'a sun nuna matuƙar farin ciki da kwarewar karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan wasan sun yi irin wannan ra'ayi, har ma suka nemi a mai da Athens birnin da zai riƙa karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na dindindin. IOC ta yi niyyar gudanar da wasannin da za su biyo baya a birane daban-daban a faɗin duniya. An gudanar da Olympics na biyu a Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 April 2020|title= 1896 Athina Summer Games|publisher= Sports Reference|access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Wasannin Olympics na 1900 a Paris sun jawo 'yan wasa fiye da sau huɗu na waɗanda suka halarta a baya, ciki har da mata 20, waɗanda aka ba su damar fafatawa a hukumance a karon farko a wasannin croquet, golf, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, da tennis. An haɗa wasannin da Baje kolin Duniya na Paris na shekarar 1900, kuma sun ɗauki sama da watanni biyar. An yi ta samun saɓani game da ainihin wasannin da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na Olympics, domin wasu wasannin na ƙwararru ne, wasu suna da ƙa'idojin cancanta na musamman, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da masu fafatawa daga ƙasashen duniya. [[File:Francis Field 1904.jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Francis Olympic Field na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1904]] [[File:Dorando Pietri 1908.jpg|thumb|Dorando Pietri yana kammala tseren Marathon na zamani a shekarar 1908, wanda aka gudanar a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu.]] Rikice-rikicen da yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya haifar da kuma wahalar tafiya zuwa St. Louis na iya zama sanadin halartar 'yan wasa kaɗan daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa daga wajen Amurka da Kanada a Wasannin Olympics na 1904, waɗanda su ne wasannin farko da aka gudanar a wajen Turai. An fara amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo uku na yanzu, wato zinare, azurfa, da tagulla ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu, da na uku, a Olympics na 1904.<ref name=FactsheetGames>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad|page=1|date=16 November 2021|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717170215/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da "Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya na Biyu a Athens", kamar yadda aka kira su a lokacin, a shekarar 1906.<ref name="lennartz">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|title=The 2nd International Olympic Games in Athens 1906|first=Karl|last=Lennartz|via=LA84 Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515105421/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A halin yanzu IOC ba ta amince da waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wasannin Olympics na hukuma ba, duk da cewa masana tarihi da dama sun amince da su, kuma suna ganin cewa wasannin 1906 sun taimaka wajen hana gushewar Olympics. Wasannin Athens na 1906 su ne na farko a cikin jerin wasannin da aka shirya gudanarwa a Athens a kowace shekara mai lamba ko da ba shekarar Olympics ba ce, amma ba a ci gaba da gudanar da wannan jerin wasannin ba. Wasannin sun fi na 1900 da 1904 nasara, inda sama da 'yan wasa 850 suka fafata, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar wasannin da suka biyo baya. Wasannin London na 1908 sun sake samun ƙarin masu fafatawa, tare da gudanar da tseren Marathon a karon farko a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, wato kilomita 42.195 (mil 26 da yadi 385). Tseren Marathon na farko a Olympics na 1896, wanda maza kawai suka fafata, an gudanar da shi a tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 24 da yadi 85). An zaɓi sabon tazarar Marathon ne domin a tabbatar cewa za a kammala tseren a gaban wurin da dangin sarautar Birtaniya suke zaune. Saboda haka, tazarar Marathon ta kasance kilomita 40 a wasannin farko na shekarar 1896, amma daga baya an riƙa sauya ta da kusan kilomita 2 gwargwadon yanayin wurin, kamar tsarin tituna da filin wasa. A wasannin Olympics guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1900 da 1920, an yi tseren Marathon a tazara shida daban-daban. A wasannin, Birtaniya ta lashe lambobin yabo 146, wato fiye da Amurkawa da suka zo na biyu da lambobi 99, kuma wannan shi ne sakamakonta mafi girma har zuwa yau. A ƙarshen tseren Marathon na 1908, ɗan tseren Italiya Dorando Pietri ne ya fara shiga filin wasa, amma yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma ya faɗi saboda gajiya kafin ya kammala tseren. Jami'an gasar da suka damu sun taimaka masa ya ketare layin ƙarshe, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga gasar. A matsayin diyya saboda rashin samun lambar yabo, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba Pietri ƙoƙon azurfa mai rufi da zinare. Arthur Conan Doyle ya rubuta rahoto na musamman game da tseren a jaridar Daily Mail.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lovesey, Peter|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|title=Conan Doyle and the Olympics|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016144350/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasannin sun ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda suka jawo masu fafatawa 2,504 a Stockholm a shekarar 1912, ciki har da fitaccen ɗan wasa Jim Thorpe, wanda ya lashe gasar decathlon da pentathlon. Thorpe ya taɓa buga wasu wasannin baseball a kan kuɗi, kuma aka ƙwace lambobin yabonsa saboda wannan "saɓawar" dokar zaman mai son wasa, bayan korafe-korafen Avery Brundage. An mayar masa da lambobin a shekarar 1983, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwarsa. Wasannin Stockholm su ne na farko da suka cika ainihin ra'ayin Pierre de Coubertin. A karon farko tun lokacin da aka fara wasannin a shekarar 1896, dukkan nahiyoyi biyar da mutane ke zaune a cikinsu sun samu wakilci, inda 'yan wasa suka fafata a filin wasa guda. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1916 a Berlin, amma aka soke su bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. ===Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe=== Wasannin Antwerp na 1920 a Belgium, wadda yaƙi ya lalata, ba su kasance cikin yanayi mai armashi ba, amma sun sake jawo adadin masu fafatawa mafi girma. Wannan tarihi bai daɗe ba, domin a shekarar 1924 wasannin Paris sun samu masu fafatawa 3,000, inda fitaccen ɗan wasan ya kasance ɗan tseren Finland Paavo Nurmi. Wanda aka fi sani da "Flying Finn" ya lashe lambobin zinare uku na ƙungiya da kuma tseren mita 1,500 da mita 5,000 na mutum ɗaya, inda aka gudanar da tseren biyun na ƙarshe a rana guda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paavo Nurmi – Life Story|url=https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/|access-date=16 March 2020|publisher=The Sports Museum of Finland|website=paavonurmi.fi|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114141920/https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/ }}</ref> Paris ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na 1924, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pierre de Coubertin na IOC, wanda ake kira uban Olympics na zamani. A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da taken Olympics na ''Citius, Altius, Fortius'' (Wuri, Sama, Ƙarfi), ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics, da kuma Wasannin Olympics na hunturu a matsayin "Makon Wasannin Hunturu na Ƙasashen Duniya". Wasannin Amsterdam na 1928 sun shahara saboda kasancewarsu wasannin farko da aka ba wa mata damar fafatawa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Sun kuma amfana sosai daga bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samu a wannan lokaci, tare da fara tallafawa wasannin ta hanyar kamfanoni, inda Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya zama na farko. A wasannin 1928 ne IOC ta gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin zane na lambar yabo, inda aka zaɓi zanen Giuseppe Cassioli na allahiyar Girka Nike, tare da wanda ya yi nasara ana ɗaukarsa a kan kafaɗun taron jama'a. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan zane har zuwa shekarar 1972. Wasannin Olympics na Los Angeles na 1932 sun kasance na farko da aka samar da ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|title=1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village - Baldwin Hills- Baldwin Hills Information|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202059/http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma dandamalin tsayawar waɗanda suka yi nasara.<ref name=NPS-LANDMARK>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222329/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure |date=November 14, 2007 }}, National Landmarks Program, National Park Service, ''Accessed November 12, 2007.''</ref><ref name=Podium>Martin, D. E., Martin, D. A., & Gynn, R. W. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. p. 146.</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532, Berlin, Olympia-Stadion (Luftaufnahme).jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Olympiastadion da ke Berlin a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1936]] Gwamnatin Jamus ta ɗauki Wasannin Berlin na 1936 a matsayin wata babbar dama ta yaɗa akidarta. Jam'iyyar Nazi mai mulki ta ɗauki hayar mai shirya fina-finai Leni Riefenstahl domin yin fim ɗin wasannin. Fim ɗin, ''Olympia'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin fitaccen aikin fasaha, duk da cewa an haɗa ra'ayoyin Adolf Hitler na fifikon launin fata na Aryan a cikinsa. A gasannin mutum ɗaya, Jesse Owens, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka mai tseren gudu da tsalle-tsalle, ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu, yayin da ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin ta lashe lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo mafi yawa. A Wasannin Berlin na 1936 ne aka fara gabatar da tseren isar da wutar Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330949.stm|title=The Olympic torch's shadowy past|work=BBC News|access-date=4 August 2008|date=5 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7330949.stm}}</ref> Saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an soke Wasannin Olympics na 1940, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Tokyo, amma daga baya aka mayar da su Helsinki na ɗan lokaci bayan barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1944 a London, amma su ma aka soke. Maimakon haka, London ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a shekarar 1948. ===Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu=== An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na farko bayan yaƙi a London a shekarar 1948, inda aka hana Jamus da Japan shiga gasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html|title=Germany and Japan Are Banned As Participants in '48 Olympics; Other Enemy Countries, Including Italy, Are Likely to Receive Bids, However-- Organizing Group Reveals Plans|date=24 January 1947|newspaper=The New York Times|page=25|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327010440/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html}}</ref> 'Yar tseren Netherlands Fanny Blankers-Koen ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu a wasannin guje-guje, inda ta maimaita nasarar da Owens ya samu a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century|title=Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen who was crowned Female Athlete of the 20th Century|date=23 January 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211907/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century}}</ref> A Wasannin Olympics na Helsinki na 1952, tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta fafata a karon farko kuma cikin sauri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawagogin gasar, inda ta zo ta biyu a yawan lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo da ta samu. Ana iya danganta nasararta ta farko da bullar tsarin 'yan wasa masu cikakken lokaci waɗanda gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Tarayyar Soviet ta shigar da tawagogin 'yan wasa waɗanda a hukumance dukkansu ɗalibai ne, sojoji, ko masu aiki a wasu sana'o'i, amma a zahiri gwamnati ce ke biyan yawancinsu domin su riƙa horo na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa dokokin zaman ɗan wasa mai son wasa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902183140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2009|title=Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur|last=Benjamin|first=Daniel|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=18 March 2009|date=27 July 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schantz|first=Otto|title=The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch|publisher=Comité International Pierre De Coubertin|url=http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|website=coubertin.ch|access-date=13 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html|title=How the Russians break the Olympic rules|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 April 1980|last=Vinokur|first=Boris|url-status=live|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331200107/https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html}}</ref><ref name="A Real Pro">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html|title=Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=J. N. Washburn|date=21 July 1974|page=2|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153414/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html|title=Sports in Soviet Union Only for Elite : There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up|date=22 July 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Bob|last=Oates|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412113717/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html}}</ref> Finland ta yi fice a gasar ta hanyar wani hafsan sojan Czechoslovakia mai suna Emil Zátopek, wanda ya kasance mai fara'a kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar inganta nasarorin lambobin zinare da azurfa guda ɗaya da ya samu a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya fara lashe tseren mita 10,000 da mita 5,000, ya kuma shiga tseren gudun fanfalaki, duk da cewa bai taɓa yin tseren irin wannan tazara a baya ba. Yana tattaunawa da sauran shugabannin tseren yayin da yake tafiya, Zátopek ya jagoranci gasar daga kusan rabin tazara, yana barin sauran masu fafatawa a hankali, har ya yi nasara da tazarar mintuna biyu da rabi, inda ya kammala jerin nasarori uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|title=Marking the centenary of the birth of Zatopek|date=19 September 2022|last=Turnbull|first=Simon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032616/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|url-status=live}}</ref> Wasannin Melbourne na 1956, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Duniya, sun yi nasara sosai, sai dai wasan polo na ruwa tsakanin Hungary da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙare da faɗa tsakanin 'yan wasan saboda mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260|title=Blood in the water: Hungary's 1956 water polo gold|last=Reid|first=Kirsty|date=20 August 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013081617/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260}}</ref> An gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm saboda barkewar cutar ƙafa da baki a Birtaniya a lokacin, da kuma tsauraran dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Australia. A Wasannin Olympics na Rome na 1960, wani matashin ɗan dambe mai nauyin light-heavyweight mai suna Cassius Clay, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Muhammad Ali, ya bayyana a fagen wasanni. Daga baya Ali ya jefar da lambar zinare tasa cikin fushi bayan an hana shi hidima a wani gidan cin abinci na masu farar fata kawai a garinsu na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallechinsky|first=David|author2=Jamie Loucky|date=2008|title=The Complete Book of the Olympics, 2008 Edition|publisher=[[Aurum Press]]|isbn=978-1-84513-330-6|pages=453–454 }}</ref> An ba shi sabuwar lambar yabo bayan shekaru 36, a Wasannin Olympics na 1996 a Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing|title=Why Muhammad Ali received a second Olympic gold medal in 1996|date=4 May 2020|website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]]|access-date=13 August 2022|author=OlympicTalk|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703091942/https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing}}</ref> Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarar 1960 sun haɗa da Wilma Rudolph, wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare a tseren mita 100, mita 200, da tseren gudun mita 4 × 100 na mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa|title=Sixty years since historic Olympic triple, Rudolph's legacy lives on|date=2 September 2020|last=Mulkeen|first=Jon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa}}</ref> Wasannin Tokyo na 1964 su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a Asiya kuma aka watsa su kai tsaye a talabijin a faɗin duniya, sakamakon bullar tauraron ɗan adam na sadarwa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time|title=How the 1964 Games brought live Olympic Sports to the United States for the first time|date=8 January 2019|last=Kortemeier|first=Todd|website=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|Team USA]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173559/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin sun zama wani muhimmin sauyi wajen yaɗuwar shahara da karɓuwar Olympics a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon zamanin sadarwa na zamani. An fara gabatar da wasan judo a matsayin wasan Olympics na hukuma, kuma ɗan wasan judo na Netherlands Anton Geesink ya jawo hankula lokacin da ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na rukunin nauyin da ba a kayyade ba, inda ya doke Akio Kaminaga a gaban magoya bayansa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter|title=Tokyo 1964: The First Chapter|date=8 July 2021|last=Messner|first=Nicolas|website=[[International Judo Federation|IJF.org]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022132920/https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter}}</ref> [[File:Opening Ceremony Mexico 87 University Stadium.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe Wasannin Olympics na 1968 a birnin Mexico, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Latin Amurka]] An sami tasiri a sakamakon wasannin Olympics na 1968 a Mexico City saboda tsayin birnin daga matakin teku.<ref name=Games1968/> A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da dabarar tsalle-tsalle ta Fosbury flop, wadda daga baya ta zama sananniya a duk duniya. Wannan dabara ta taimaka wa Ba'amurke Dick Fosbury ya lashe lambar zinare a tsalle-tsalle na sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop|title=50 years since the day Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump|date=20 October 2018|last=Minshull|first=Phil|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop}}</ref> A bikin bayar da lambobin yabo na tseren mita 200 na maza, 'yan wasan Ba'amurke baƙaƙe Tommie Smith (wanda ya lashe zinare) da John Carlos (wanda ya lashe tagulla) sun nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin jama'a ta hanyar ɗaga hannayensu sanye da safar hannu baƙaƙe da kuma sanya safa baƙaƙe maimakon takalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html|title=Black Power salute 50 years on: Iconic Olympics protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos remembered|date=24 April 2019|last=Parfitt|first=Tom|website=The Independent|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034505/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html}}</ref> Daga baya IOC ta kori 'yan wasan biyu daga wasannin. Věra Čáslavská, a matsayin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta a shekarar 1968, da kuma hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke mai cike da saɓani a wasannin katakon daidaita jiki da na motsa jiki a ƙasa, ta sunkuyar da kanta ta kau da ita daga tutar Tarayyar Soviet yayin da ake rera taken ƙasar a lokacin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|date=20 October 2018|last=Reynolds|first=Tom|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022024057/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref> Ta koma gida a matsayin jaruma a idon al'ummar Czechoslovakia, amma gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ke iko da ita ta mayar da ita saniyar ware. [[File:Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Attentats in München (Kiel 53.824).jpg|thumb|upright|An saukar da tutar Olympics zuwa rabin sanda a Kiel, birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa, bayan kisan kiyashin Munich a wasannin 1972]] Siyasa ta sake shiga tsakani a [[1972 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1972]] da aka gudanar a Munich, amma a wannan karon hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'addar Falasɗinawa mai suna Black September ta kutsa cikin ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympic, sannan ta shiga ɗakin tawagar Isra'ila. Sun kashe Isra'ilawa biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu tara, suna neman Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni da dama. Lokacin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatun 'yan ta'addan, lamarin ya rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai cike da tashin hankali yayin da tattaunawa ke ci gaba. Daga ƙarshe, an ba masu garkuwar, waɗanda har yanzu suke riƙe da mutanen da suka yi garkuwa da su, damar tsira lafiya, sannan aka kai su wani filin jirgin sama, inda jami'an tsaron Jamus suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A musayar wutar da ta biyo baya, mutane 15 suka mutu, ciki har da 'yan wasan Isra'ila tara da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma biyar daga cikin 'yan ta'addan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 26: The terrorist outrage in Munich in 1972|date=2 May 2012|last=Burnton|first=Simon|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219001325/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan doguwar muhawara, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da wasannin, amma abin fahimta ne cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun mamaye harkokin wasannin.<ref name=Games1972/> Duk da haka, an samu wasu fitattun nasarorin wasanni a lokacin wasannin, musamman nasarar ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Mark Spitz, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare guda bakwai, adadin da ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin; Lasse Virén na Finland ya lashe zinare a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000 a jere; sannan fitacciyar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Tarayyar Soviet Olga Korbut ta lashe lambobin zinare guda uku, ciki har da yin wani juyawa a iska na tarihi daga kan sandar motsa jiki ta sama. A wasan ƙarshe na kwallon kwando na maza, Amurka ta sha kashi a hannun Tarayyar Soviet, a wani wasa da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tarihin kwallon kwando na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|title= USA Basketball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822182059/http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|archive-date=22 August 2007}}</ref> A cikin wani wasa mai tsananin fafatawa, tawagar Amurka ta yi kama da ta yi nasara da maki 50–49. Sai dai alkalai sun maimaita daƙiƙu ukun ƙarshe na wasan sau uku, har sai da tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara da ci 51–50.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 years, 120 stories (Part 15) : Soviets beat the Americans amidst controversies involving communist judges|date=3 March 2016|url=http://sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062628/https://www.sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, tawagar Amurka ta ƙi karɓar lambobin azurfarsu. Babu irin wannan mummunan bala'i a Wasannin Montreal na [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]], amma rashin kyakkyawan tsari da zamba sun sa kuɗin gudanar da wasannin ya yi matuƙar wuce kasafin kuɗin da aka tsara. Da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.5, kwatankwacin dala biliyan ${{Inflation|CA|1.5|1976|r=2}} a cikin shekarar {{Inflation-year|CA}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|title=Will Canada ever host another Olympics? If not, don't blame the 1976 Montreal Games|date=25 February 2019|last=Forrester|first=Nicole W.|newspaper=National Post|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url= https://megalodon.jp/2026-0330-2012-15/https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|archive-date=30 March 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html|title=Olympics worth the price tag? The Montreal Legacy|date=19 July 2012|last=Newton|first=Paula|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090945/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html}}</ref> Wasannin bazara na 1976 sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin wasannin Olympic har zuwa lokacin [[2014 Winter Olympics]], kuma na ɗan wani lokaci ya yi kama da cewa wasannin Olympic ba za su ƙara zama wani abu da za a iya gudanarwa ta fuskar kuɗi ba. Daga baya, an yi imanin cewa 'yan kwangila, waɗanda ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu mambobin Mafia ta Montreal ne, sun karkatar da makudan kuɗaɗe daga matakai daban-daban na kwangiloli, tare da samun riba ta hanyar maye gurbin kayan gini masu inganci da wasu masu rahusa da ƙarancin inganci. Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka wajen haifar da jinkiri, rashin ingancin gine-gine da kuma tsadar kuɗi fiye da kima. A shekarar 1988, ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan 'yan kwangilar, Giuseppe Zappia, "an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen zamba da suka samo asali daga aikinsa a wuraren wasannin Olympic bayan manyan shaidu biyu sun mutu kafin su ba da shaida a shari'arsa".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen H.|date=2009|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA551|page=551|isbn=978-0-470-83500-5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref> Kasashen Afirka da dama sun kaurace wa Wasannin 1976 a matsayin zanga-zanga kan wata ziyarar baya-bayan nan da tawagar rugby ta ƙasar New Zealand ta kai Afirka ta Kudu wadda tsarin wariyar launin fata na apartheid ke mulki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa|title=Montreal Olympics photo flashback: Boycott targeted New Zealand, South Africa|date=18 July 2016|last=Riga|first=Andy|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050323/https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa}}</ref> 'Yar wasan motsa jiki ta Romania Nadia Comăneci ta kafa tarihi lokacin da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar motsa jiki ta mata ta mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku guda biyu daga cikin huɗu da ake iya samu. Ta kuma lashe wasu gasa biyu na mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku biyu a wasan sandar daidaito da kuma maki cikakku a wasan sanduna marasa daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/|title=Moment in Time: 18 July, 1976 - Nadia Comaneci's perfect 10|date=25 September 2019|last=Bowman|first=Verity|website=The Telegraph|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002015903/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/}}</ref> Lasse Virén ya sake maimaita nasarar zinare biyu a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000, abin da ya sanya shi zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa lashe gasa biyu na nisan gudu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976|title=Finnish Lasse Viren's Olympic Gold Double-Double at Munich 1972 and Montreal 1976|date=22 May 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=Sunday Observer|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601191153/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976}}</ref> <!--Deleted image removed: [[File:1980 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|right|Closing Ceremony of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], in Moscow, [[Soviet Union]], with bear cub [[Misha]], the mascot of that year's games, flying into the sky.]] --> ===Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20=== Bayan mamayar [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1979, ƙasashe 66, ciki har da Amurka, Kanada, Jamus ta Yamma da Japan, sun [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|kaurace]] wa [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]] da aka gudanar a Moscow. Ƙasashe 80 ne suka halarci Wasannin Moscow – adadi mafi ƙanƙanta tun daga shekarar 1956. Kauracewar ta taimaka wajen sa Wasannin 1980 ba su samu yawan kulawar jama'a ba kuma ba su kasance masu tsananin gasa ba, inda ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ta mamaye su. A cewar ɗan jaridar Birtaniya [[Andrew Jennings]], wani kanal na [[KGB]] ya bayyana cewa jami'an hukumar sun yi kamar su jami'an yaƙi da amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari ne daga IOC, domin kawo cikas ga gwaje-gwajen [[doping test|ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari]]. An kuma ce an "ceto" 'yan wasan Soviet sakamakon waɗannan manyan ƙoƙarin.<ref name=DG2011>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E6QIYvAQMDUC|title= Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping|first= Thomas M.|last= Hunt|date= 2011|publisher= University of Texas Press|isbn= 978-0-292-72328-3|page= 66 }}</ref> Dangane da [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]], wani bincike na Ostireliya da aka gudanar a shekarar 1989 ya ce "da kyar za ka samu wanda ya lashe lamba a Wasannin Moscow, musamman wanda ya lashe zinare, wanda ba ya amfani da wani nau'in ƙwaya; yawanci ma nau'o'i da dama. Da ma za a iya kiran Wasannin Moscow Wasannin Masana Kimiyyar Ƙwayoyi."<ref name=DG2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html|title=The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System.|last1=Aleksandrov|first1=Alexei|last2=Aleksandrov|first2=Grebeniuk|last3=Runets|first3=Volodymyr|publisher=|date=22 July 2020|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225193733/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html}}</ref> Takardun da aka samu a shekarar 2016 sun bayyana shirye-shiryen Tarayyar Soviet na kafa tsarin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari a faɗin ƙasar a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle domin shirye-shiryen [[1984 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1984]] a Los Angeles. Takardar, wadda aka rubuta kafin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar kaurace wa wasannin, ta yi bayani kan ayyukan da ake yi a lokacin wajen amfani da sinadaran steroid, tare da shawarwarin yadda za a ƙara inganta shirin.<ref name=NYT160813>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html|title=The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics|last=Ruiz|first=Rebecca R.|date=13 August 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184700/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html}}</ref> Dr. Sergei Portugalov na Cibiyar Ilimin Al'adu ta Jiki ne ya shirya wasiƙar da aka aika wa shugaban wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Tarayyar Soviet. Portugalov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka taka rawa wajen aiwatar da shirin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari na Rasha kafin [[2016 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 2016]].<ref name=NYT160813/> A shekarar 1984, Tarayyar Soviet da [[Eastern Bloc|ƙasashe 13 masu ƙawance da ita]] sun rama ta hanyar [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|kauracewa]] [[1984 Summer Olympics]] da aka gudanar a Los Angeles. [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] da [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] su ne ƙasashe biyu kacal daga Gabashin Turai da suka halarci Wasannin 1984. Wataƙila waɗannan wasannin su ne wasannin farko na wani sabon zamani da suka samu riba. Duk da cewa kauracewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta ta rage yawan 'yan wasa a wasu wasanni, Kwamitocin Olympic na ƙasa 140 ne suka halarta, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin.<ref name=Games1984/> Haka kuma, waɗannan wasannin su ne karo na farko da babban yankin China, wato Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ya shiga. [[1988 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1988]] da aka gudanar a Seoul an shirya su sosai, amma wasannin sun fuskanci matsala lokacin da 'yan wasa da dama, musamman wanda ya lashe tseren mita 100 na maza [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], suka fadi gwaje-gwajen tilas na ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari. Duk da kyawawan wasannin da 'yan wasa da dama suka yi ba tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi ba, yawan mutanen da suka fadi gwaje-gwajen sinadaran da ke ƙara ƙarfin wasa ya mamaye labaran wasannin. [[1992 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Barcelona na 1992]] sun ga shigar 'yan wasa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwararrun wasanni na Arewacin Amurka, wato [[NBA]], wanda ya shahara musamman ta hanyar "[[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Dream Team]]" na ƙwallon kwando na Amurka. Wasannin 1992 sun kuma ga sake komawar wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai cikin Wasannin, waɗanda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Occupation of the Baltic states|mamaye]] a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A waɗannan wasannin, ɗan wasan motsa jiki [[Vitaly Scherbo]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na lashe lambobin zinare guda biyar na mutum ɗaya a Wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ya yi daidai da tarihin farko da [[Eric Heiden]] ya kafa a [[1980 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 1980]]. A wannan lokaci, tsarin zaɓen wurin da za a gudanar da Wasannin ya zama wani lamari na kasuwanci; an samu zarge-zarge masu yawa na cin hanci da rashawa waɗanda ake zargin za su iya shafar tsarin yanke shawara na IOC. A Wasannin Atlanta na [[1996 Summer Olympics]], ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka faru shi ne yadda ɗan tseren mita [[200 metres]] [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] ya karya tarihin duniya a gaban magoya bayansa na gida. Mutanen Kanada sun yi farin ciki da gudun da [[Donovan Bailey]] ya yi wanda ya ba shi lambar zinare a tseren mita 100. An kuma samu lokuta masu cike da tausayawa, kamar lokacin da Muhammad Ali, wanda [[Parkinson's disease|cutar Parkinson]] ta shafa sosai, ya kunna wutar Olympic sannan aka ba shi wata sabuwar lambar yabo a madadin wadda ya jefar a shekarar 1960. An sayar da tikiti miliyan 8.3 na abubuwan wasannin a wannan Olympics, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi wanda ba a karya shi ba sai a shekarar 2024. Sai dai yanayin wasannin ya samu matsala lokacin da wata [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|bam ta fashe]] yayin bikin a Centennial Olympic Park. A watan Yunin 2003, an kama babban wanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan harin, [[Eric Robert Rudolph]]. [[File:2000 Sydney Women's long jump final.jpg|thumb|Wasannin [[2000 Summer Olympics]] a Sydney, Australia, an san su da suna "Wasannin Sabon Ƙarni".]] [[2000 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na 2000]], waɗanda aka gudanar a Sydney, Australia, sun nuna ƙwarewar 'yan wasa da dama, ciki har da fitattun 'yan wasan gida [[Ian Thorpe]] a wasan ninkaya da Cathy Freeman, wata 'yar asalin Ostireliya wadda nasararta a tseren mita [[400 metres]] ta haɗa kan ɗimbin jama'ar da suka cika filin wasa. Baturen nan [[Steve Redgrave]] ya lashe lambar zinare a wasan kwale-kwale, inda ya zama karo na biyar a jere da ya lashe zinare a wasannin Olympics, abin da ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba. Haka kuma, [[Eric Moussambani|Eric "the Eel" Moussambani]], ɗan wasan ninkaya daga Equatorial Guinea, ya samu babban kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ya kammala tseren ninkaya na mita 100 da lokaci mafi jinkiri da aka taɓa samu a tarihin Olympics. Duk da haka, ya lashe rukunin da ya shiga saboda abokan hamayyarsa biyu an cire su daga gasar sakamakon fara tseren kafin lokacin da aka tsara. 'Yar ƙasarsa [[Paula Barila Bolopa]] ita ma ta samu kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda jinkirin da ta yi da kuma yadda ta yi fama, amma ta nuna jarumtaka wajen kammala gasar. Wasannin Sydney sun kuma kasance karo na farko da tawagar haɗin gwiwa daga Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu ta bayyana tare a bukukuwan buɗe wasannin, duk da cewa sun fafata a dukkan wasannin a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An samu ce-ce-ku-ce a wasan motsa jiki na mata lokacin da aka gano cewa an sa sandar tsalle da ba daidai ba a lokacin gasar da ta haɗa dukkan fannoni. ===Farkon ƙarni na 21=== A shekara ta 2004, Gasar Olympics ta koma inda aka haife ta, wato Athens, Girka. An kashe aƙalla dala biliyan 7.2 wajen gudanar da Gasar 2004, ciki har da dala biliyan 1.5 kan tsaro. Michael Phelps ya lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya samu zinare shida da tagulla biyu. Pyrros Dimas, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla, ya zama ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi da ya fi kowa yawan lambobin yabo a tarihi, inda ya samu lambobin Olympics guda huɗu, zinare uku da tagulla ɗaya. Ko da yake rahotannin da ba su da tushe game da yiwuwar hare-haren ta'addanci sun sa jama'a suka nisanci wasannin farko a ƙarshen makon farko na Olympics (14–15 ga Agusta 2004), yawan masu kallo ya ƙaru yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. Ba a sayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tikitin ba,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|work=USA Today|title=Tickets to Olympic events in Beijing sold out|date=28 July 2008|access-date=24 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040248/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|archive-date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma har yanzu sayar da tikitin ta zarce adadin da aka samu a wasannin Olympics na Seoul da Barcelona (1988 da 1992). Shugaban IOC Jacques Rogge ya bayyana yadda Girka ta shirya gasar a matsayin abin ƙwarewa, sannan ya ce matakan tsaronta ba su da wani aibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rogge hails Athens success|date=29 August 2004|access-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=30 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830022624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm}}</ref> Dukkan kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa (NOCs) guda 202 sun halarci Gasar Athens tare da mahalarta sama da 11,000. An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An gabatar da sabbin wasanni da dama, ciki har da sabon fannin BMX ga maza da mata. Mata sun fara shiga gasar tseren steeplechase a karon farko. An faɗaɗa shirin wasan takobi domin ya ƙunshi dukkanin nau'o'i shida ga maza da mata; a baya, mata ba sa iya shiga gasar ƙungiyar foil ko sabre, yayin da aka cire gasar ƙungiyar épée ta mata da foil ta maza daga waɗannan wasanni. An ƙara gasar ninkaya ta marathon mai tazarar kilomita 10. Haka kuma, an maye gurbin wasannin biyu-biyu na wasan tebur da wasannin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name=2008program>{{cite news|title=Beijing 2008: Games Program Finalized|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2008-games-programme-finalised|date=27 April 2006|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Michael Phelps ya kafa tarihin lashe lambobin zinare takwas a Gasar Olympics guda ɗaya, sannan ya yi daidai da tarihin yawan lambobin zinare da ɗan wasa ɗaya ya taɓa samu, wanda Eric Heiden da Vitaly Scherbo suka riƙe a baya. Wani fitaccen ɗan wasan gasar shi ne ɗan tseren Jamaica Usain Bolt, wanda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya a wasan tseren mita 100 da 200 a gasar Olympics guda ɗaya. An gudanar da wasannin doki a Hong Kong. London ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics sau uku. A jawabinsa na rufe gasar, Jacques Rogge ya bayyana wasannin a matsayin "masu farin ciki da ɗaukaka". Ƙasar mai masaukin baki ta lashe lambobin zinare 29, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin da Birtaniya ta samu tun Gasar 1908 a London. Amurka ta koma saman teburin lambobin yabo bayan da Sin ta mamaye shi a 2008. IOC ta cire baseball da softball daga shirin wasannin 2012. Gasar London ta yi nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci domin ita ce ta farko a tarihi da aka sayar da dukkan tikitinta, inda aka samu buƙatun tikiti kusan miliyan ɗaya ga tikiti 40,000 na bikin buɗe gasar da kuma wasan ƙarshe na tseren mita 100 na maza. Saboda yawan buƙatar tikiti a dukkan matakan wasanni, an samu cece-kuce kan kujerun da aka ware wa masu ɗaukar nauyi da wakilan ƙasashe waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba a farkon kwanakin gasar. An samar da tsarin sake rarraba kujeru domin a cike kujerun da ba a yi amfani da su ba yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. ===Wasannin baya-bayan nan=== [[File:Drones durante a abertura das Olimpíadas de Tóquio.jpg|thumb|Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan, ta samu ƙarancin masu kallo sakamakon hana jama'a halartar wasannin saboda annobar COVID-19.]] Rio de Janeiro a Brazil ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, inda ta zama birni na farko a Kudancin Amurka da ya karɓi bakuncin Olympics, birni na biyu a Latin Amurka bayan Mexico City a 1968, sannan birni na uku a yankin Kudancin Duniya bayan Melbourne, Australia, a 1956 da Sydney, Australia, a 2000. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan wasanni sun kasance cikin inuwa saboda cece-kuce, ciki har da rashin kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da matsalar tattalin arziki a ƙasar mai masaukin baki, damuwar lafiya da tsaro da ta shafi kwayar cutar Zika, da kuma gurbatar muhalli mai yawa a Guanabara Bay. Sai dai daga baya wata badakalar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara ƙarfin jiki da gwamnati ta goyi baya da ta shafi 'yan wasan Rasha a Gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu da aka gudanar shekaru biyu kafin hakan ta fi mamaye waɗannan damuwar, kuma ta shafi halartar 'yan wasan ƙasar a waɗannan wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|title=Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2009|access-date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004101815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm}}</ref> An shirya gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan. Birnin ya zama na biyar a tarihi da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu, sannan birni na farko a Asiya da ya samu wannan matsayi. Saboda annobar COVID-19, Firaministan Japan na lokacin Shinzo Abe, IOC da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo sun sanar da cewa za a ɗage wasannin 2020 zuwa 2021, wanda ya kasance karo na farko da aka ɗage Gasar Olympics. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun 1900 da ba a gudanar da wasannin a shekarar da take da kwanaki 366 ba, maimakon haka aka gudanar da su a shekarar da ba ta da kwanaki 366. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics na baya ba, an gudanar da waɗannan wasanni ba tare da masu kallo ba saboda damuwar COVID-19 da kuma dokar ta-baci da aka sanya a birnin mai masaukin baki.<ref name=postponement>{{cite web|title=Tokyo 2020: Olympic and Paralympic Games postponed because of coronavirus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413131543/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/52020134}}</ref><ref name=postponement2>{{Cite web|last1=McCurry|first1=Justin|last2=Ingle|first2=Sean|title=Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic|work=The Guardian|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173934/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|last2=McCurry|first2=Justin|date=8 July 2021|title=Spectators banned from most Olympic events as Covid emergency declared|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games|access-date=8 July 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717130447/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games}}</ref> Duk da haka, Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo 2020 ta ƙunshi lokuta masu tarihi da dama da kuma bajintar fasaha. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar, 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Amurka Simone Biles, ta janye daga wasu wasanni domin ta mai da hankali kan lafiyar tunaninta, amma daga baya ta dawo ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mutum ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/|title=Will Tokyo Olympics be a game-changer in how we view athletes' mental health?|first=Josh|last=Peter|website=USA Today|date=8 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828111252/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/}}</ref> Dan tseren Norway Karsten Warholm ya karya nasa tarihin duniya a tseren mita 400 da shinge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles|title=Norway's Karsten Warholm breaks world record to win gold in men's 400m hurdles|date=27 June 2023|website=Olympics.com|access-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703092517/https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles}}</ref> An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa, inda Paris ta zama birni na biyu bayan London da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1900 da 1924, wanda ya kasance cikar shekaru 100 tun daga gasar ta ƙarshe). Wannan ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko bayan annoba da ta ba da damar masu kallo su halarta. A karon farko, an gudanar da bikin buɗe gasar a wajen babban filin wasa, inda 'yan wasa suka yi fareti a cikin kwale-kwale a kan Kogin Seine. Bayan haka, an kuma gudanar da gasar ninkaya a ruwa a cikin Kogin Seine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=France halves crowd numbers for Olympics opening ceremony on River Seine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|access-date=1 February 2024|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131130653/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Paris 2024 ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko a tarihi da ta samu cikakken daidaiton jinsi a fagen wasanni, inda adadin 'yan wasan maza da mata ya kasance iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masterson|first=Victoria|date=5 April 2024|title=How Paris 2024 aims to become the first-ever gender-equal Olympics |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821221141/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|archive-date=21 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024|work=World Economic Forum}}</ref> ===Wasannin nan gaba=== Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2028 a Los Angeles, California, Amurka, wanda zai zama birni na uku (bayan Paris (1900, 1924, 2024) da London (1908, 1948, 2012)) da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1932 da 1984), sannan Amurka za ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara a karo na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2019|title=Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105932/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|archive-date=15 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2032 a Brisbane, Australia, wanda zai zama birni na uku a Australia da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin, sannan birni na huɗu a kudancin layin ekweta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snape|first=Jack|date=10 September 2021|title=Billion-dollar Brisbane Cricket Ground redevelopment that 'almost lost' 2032 Games bid at heart of new Olympics funding fight|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-11/brisbane-olympics-2032-gabba-redevelopment-funding/100453934|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> ==Wasanni== {{Main|Wasannin Olympics}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, an haɗa jimillar wasanni 44, waɗanda suka ƙunshi fannoni 65, a cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a wani lokaci ko wani a tarihin gasar. Shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na baya-bayan nan ([[2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]) ya ƙunshi wasanni 32, yayin da aka tsara wasanni 36 don wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na gaba ([[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]). A cikinsu, wasanni biyu za su fara bayyana a karon farko (ƙwallon ƙafa ta tutar (flag football) da squash), sannan za a ƙara wasu fannoni biyu (gasar tuƙin kwale-kwale ta bakin teku da lacrosse sixes). Bugu da ƙari, wasan tsere kan kankara (figure skating) da wasan hockey kan kankara sun kasance cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a farko (figure skating a shekarun 1908 da 1920, da hockey kan kankara a shekarar 1920) kafin a mayar da su zuwa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu. An haɗa ƙungiyoyin wasanni daban-daban na Olympics a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya guda mai suna [[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations]] (ASOIF). A cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa, an raba wasannin ruwa, baseball da softball, ƙwallon kwando, rugby da volleyball zuwa fannoni daban-daban. {{legend inline|white|Wasanni na yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Ba a ƙara haɗa su ba}} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- |valign="top"| {|class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Wasanni||Shekaru |- |3x3 basketball||Tun daga 2020 |- |Archery||1900–1908, 1920, tun daga 1972 |- |Artistic swimming||Tun daga 1984 |- |Athletics||Duk |- |Badminton||Tun daga 1992 |- |Baseball||1992–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Basketball||Tun daga 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Basque pelota||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Beach volleyball||Tun daga 1996 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Breaking||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2024 |- |Boxing||1904, 1908, tun daga 1920 |- |Canoeing||Tun daga 1936 |- |Cricket||1900, 2028 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Croquet||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Cycling||Duk |- |Diving||Tun daga 1904 |- |Equestrian||1900, tun daga 1912 |- |Fencing||Duk |- |Field hockey||1908, 1920, tun daga 1928 |- |Flag football||2028 |- |Football||1900–1928, tun daga 1936 |- |Golf||1900, 1904, tun daga 2016 |- |Gymnastics||Duk |- |Handball||1936, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Jeu de paume||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Judo||1964, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Karate||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2020 |- |Lacrosse||1904, 1908, 2028 |- |Marathon swimming||Tun daga 2008 |- |Modern pentathlon||Tun daga 1912 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Polo||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rackets||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Roque||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1904 |- |Rowing||Tun daga 1900 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rugby union||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924 |- |Rugby sevens||Tun daga 2016 |- |Sailing||1900, tun daga 1908 |- |Shooting||1896, 1900, 1908–1924, tun daga 1932 |- |Skateboarding||Tun daga 2020 |- |Softball||1996–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Sport climbing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Squash||2028 |- |Surfing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Swimming||Duk |- |Table tennis||Tun daga 1988 |- |Taekwondo||Tun daga 2000 |- |Tennis||1896–1924, tun daga 1988 |- |Triathlon||Tun daga 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Tug of war||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900–1920 |- |Volleyball||Tun daga 1964 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Water motorsports||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Water polo||Tun daga 1900 |- |Weightlifting||1896, 1904, tun daga 1920 |- |Wrestling||1896, tun daga 1904 |} |} ===Cancantar shiga gasar=== Ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga kowanne daga cikin wasannin Olympics ana tsara su ne ta Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya (IF) wadda ke kula da gasar wasannin ta duniya.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sports Federations|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/international-federations|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> A wasannin mutum ɗaya, 'yan wasa sukan cancanci shiga gasar ta hanyar samun wani matsayi a babban taron gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma a jerin matsayi na IF. Akwai ƙa'ida ta gama-gari cewa ba za a iya samun fiye da 'yan wasa uku na mutum ɗaya daga kowace ƙasa a kowace gasa ba. Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa (NOCs) na iya shigar da adadi iyakantacce na 'yan wasan da suka cancanta a kowace gasa. NOC ce ke yanke shawarar waɗanne 'yan wasa da suka cancanta za ta zaɓa a matsayin wakilai a kowace gasa idan 'yan wasa da yawa sun kai matsayin cancantar fiye da adadin da za a iya shigarwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Committees|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/national-olympic-committees|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe galibi suna cancantar shigar da ƙungiyoyinsu a wasannin ƙungiya ta hanyar gasannin neman gurbin shiga na nahiyoyi, inda kowace ƙungiyar nahiyoyi ake ba ta wani adadi na gurabe a gasar Olympics. Kowace ƙasa ba za ta iya samun wakilci da fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya a kowace gasa ba. A wasu wasanni, ƙungiya tana ƙunshe da mutane biyu kacal. Ana iya bai wa wasu [[National Olympic Committee|Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa]], waɗanda ƙasashensu ba su samu isassun wakilai ba bayan cancantar shiga gasar, guraben gayyata na musamman, waɗanda ake kira ''Universality Places'', a wasu wasannin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/what-are-universality-places-and-who-can-obtain-one|title=What are Universality Places and who can obtain one?|date=10 May 2024|first=Matthew|last=Nelson|website=Olympics.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> ===Shaharar wasannin Olympics=== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) yana raba wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara zuwa rukuni biyar (A – E) bisa ga shahararsu, ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunai guda shida: yawan masu kallon talabijin (40%), shahararsu a intanet (20%), binciken ra'ayin jama'a (15%), buƙatun tikiti (10%), ɗaukar labarai a kafafen yaɗa labarai (10%), da adadin ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa (5%). Rukunin da aka sanya wasa a ciki yana ƙayyade kaso na kuɗaɗen shiga na Olympics da Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya ta wannan wasa za ta samu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Athletics to share limelight as one of top Olympic sports|url=http://www.qt.com.au/news/atheltics-share-limelight-one-top-olympic-sports/1889097/|newspaper=The Queensland Times|date=31 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Winners Include Gymnastics, Swimming – and Wrestling – as IOC Announces New Funding Distribution Groupings|work=[[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations|ASOIF]]|url=http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|date=29 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|last=Murray|first=Callum|location=St Petersburg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225220/http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanya wasannin da suka fara bayyana a Olympics na 2016 (rugby da golf) cikin rukuni na E. Rukunonin na yanzu su ne: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rukuni !! Adadi !! Wasanni |- |align=center|A||align=center|3||athletics, aquatics,{{ref label|a|a}} gymnastics |- |align=center|B||align=center|5||basketball, cycling, football, tennis, volleyball |- |align=center|C||align=center|8||archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table tennis, weightlifting |- |align=center|D||align=center|9||canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling |- |align=center|E||align=center|3||modern pentathlon, golf, rugby |- |align=center|F||align=center|6||baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing |- |} <span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}}Wasannin ruwa sun ƙunshi fannoni na artistic swimming, diving, marathon swimming, swimming da water polo.</span> ==Jadawalin lambobin yabo na kowane lokaci== Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da bayanan hukuma da [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] ta bayar. {{legend|BurlyWood|'''Ƙasa da ta daina wanzuwa'''}}''<small>Matsayi bayan wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2024</small>'' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width:75%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Matsayi !!Ƙasa !! style="background-color:gold;"|Zinariya !! style="background-color:silver;"|Azurfa !! style="background-color:#c96;"|Tagulla !!Jimilla !!Wasannin da ta halarta |- !1 |align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}}||1105||879||780||2764||29 |- !2 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|URS}}||395||319||296||1010||9 |- !3 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CHN}}||303||226||198||727||12 |- !4 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}}||298||340||343||981||30 |- !5 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}}||239||277||299||815||29 |- !6 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}}||229||201||228||658||29 |- !7 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}}||213||220||255||688||18 |- !8 |align="left"|{{flagicon|JPN}}||189||162||191||542||24 |- !9 |align="left"|{{flagicon|HUN}}||187||161||182||530||28 |- !10 |align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}}||182||192||226||600||28 |- !11 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|GDR}}||153||129||127||409||5 |- !12 |align="left"|{{flagicon|SWE}}||151||181||182||514||28 |- !13 |align="left"|{{flagicon|RUS}}||147||126||150||423||6 |- !14 |align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}}||110||112||134||356||28 |- !15 |align="left"|{{flagicon|KOR}}||109||100||111||320||19 |- !16 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}}||101||85||119||305||27 |- !17 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ROU}}||93||101||123||317||23 |- !18 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CUB}}||86||70||88||244||22 |- 21 68 84 132 284 !19 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}}||80||117||156||353||28 |- !20 |align="left"|{{flagicon|POL}}||73||93||142||308||23 |- |} ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {{Main|List of Olympic medal leaders by year}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Olympic rings.svg|30px]] '''Jadawalin lambobin yabo na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|na kowane lokaci]] [[List of Olympic medal leaders by year#Summer Olympics|da ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1896 Summer Olympics medal table|1896]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1896 Summer}} * [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|1900]]: {{flag IOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} * [[1904 Summer Olympics medal table|1904]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1904 Summer}} * [[1908 Summer Olympics medal table|1908]]: {{flag IOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} * [[1912 Summer Olympics medal table|1912]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1912 Summer}} * [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|1920]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1920 Summer}} * [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|1924]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1924 Summer}} * [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|1928]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1928 Summer}} * [[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|1932]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1932 Summer}} * [[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|1936]]: {{flag IOC|GER|1936 Summer}} * [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|1948]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1948 Summer}} * [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|1952]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1952 Summer}} * [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|1956]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1956 Summer}} * [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|1960]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1960 Summer}} * [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|1964]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1964 Summer}} * [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|1968]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1968 Summer}} * [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|1972]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1972 Summer}} * [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|1976]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1976 Summer}} * [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|1980]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1980 Summer}} * [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|1984]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1984 Summer}} * [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|1988]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1988 Summer}} * [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|1992]]: {{flag IOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} * [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|1996]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1996 Summer}} * [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|2000]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2000 Summer}} * [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|2004]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2004 Summer}} * [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|2008]]: {{flag IOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} * [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|2012]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2012 Summer}} * [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|2016]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2016 Summer}} * [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|2020]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2020 Summer}} * [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table|2024]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2024 Summer}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} '''Yawan lokutan da suka samu matsayi na farko''' {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- !Matsayi !Ƙasa !Adadin wasannin |- |1||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|USA}}||Sau 19 |- |2||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|URS}}||Sau 6 |- |rowspan=5|3||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|CHN}}||rowspan=5|Sau 1 |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|FRA}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GBR}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GER}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|EUN}} |- |} ==Jerin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) bai taɓa yanke shawarar waɗanne wasanni na farkon gasannin ne suka kasance na "Olympics" da waɗanda ba haka ba ba.<ref name=KLWT>{{cite book|first1=Karl|last1=Lennartz|first2=Walter|last2=Teutenberg|title=Olympische Spiele 1900 in Paris|publisher=Agon-Sportverlag|location=Kassel, Germany|page=147|date=1995|isbn=3-928562-20-7|quote=In many works, it is read that the IOC later met to decide which events were Olympic and which were not. This is not correct and no decision has ever been made. No discussion of this item can be found in the account of any Session.}}</ref> Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya kafa wasannin Olympics na zamani, ya bar wannan hukunci ga waɗanda suka shirya waɗannan wasannin. {{sticky-header}} {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2"|<!--Please DO NOT change this to year. The year is part of the Date column, and is the same as this column only for the most part. This column says 2020 is the Olympiad and the Date column says they were held in July-August 2021.-->Zangon Olympics ! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Na.|Lambar zangon Olympics}} ! colspan="2"|Mai masaukin baƙi ! rowspan="2"|Kwanakin gasar /<br/>Wanda ya buɗe ta ! rowspan="2"|Wasanni<br/>(Fannoni) ! colspan="3"|Masu fafatawa ! rowspan="2"|Gasa ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasashe ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasar da ta fi samun lambobin yabo |- !Birni !Ƙasa !Jimilla !Maza !Mata |- |1896<ref name=Games1896/> |{{sort|01|[[1896 Summer Olympics|I]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}} |6–15 Afrilu 1896<br/>[[List of kings of Greece|Sarki]] [[George I of Greece]] |9 (10)||241||241||0||43||14{{efn|name=Mixed Team|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896 1896], [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900 1900] da [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904 1904] bai ƙirga ƙungiyoyin gauraye (ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa daga ƙasashe daban-daban) a matsayin wata ƙasa ta daban ba yayin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarta. A lokaci guda, IOC yana nuna ƙungiyoyin gauraye a sakamakon gasannin da suka fafata. Saboda haka, adadin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka bayyana tare da ƙungiyoyin gauraye su ne suka halarci wasannin.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1896 Summer}} |- |1900<ref name=Games1900/> |{{sort|02|[[1900 Summer Olympics|II]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |14 Mayu – 28 Oktoba 1900<br/>[[Pierre de Coubertin|Baron Pierre de Coubertin]] |19 (21)||1,226||1,202||24{{efn|A wani lokaci da ya gabata, ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ta nuna gasannin neman lambobin yabo 85, ƙasashe 24 da 'yan wasa 997 (mata 22 da maza 975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Sports, Athletes {{!}} Médailles, Résultats, Sports et Athlètes des Jeux Olympiques|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150828/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|url-status=dead }}</ref> Bill Mallon, masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci,<ref name="Mallon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inAwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1998|title = The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=25–28|isbn = 978-0-7864-4064-1}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun, ya ba da shawarar cewa gasanni 95 sun cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan (ƙuntatawa ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, halartar ƙasashen duniya, buɗewa ga dukkan masu fafatawa, da rashin amfani da tsarin nakasassu) kuma ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin gasannin Olympics. A watan Yuli 2021, IOC ta sabunta cikakkiyar ma'ajiyar bayanan sakamakon Olympics ta intanet, inda ta shigar da bayanan shafin masana tarihin Olympics, ''Olympedia.org'', a fili. Ta haka ta amince da shawarar Mallon (bisa ga ƙa'idoji huɗu da aka yi amfani da su) game da gasannin Olympics na 1900. An ƙara gasanni 11 waɗanda aka nuna sakamakonsu a tsohuwar ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC, a kan jimillar gasanni 85 da aka nuna a baya. An cire wata gasa ta harbin bindiga (bindigar soja ta mita 20, wadda gasa ce ta ƙwararru). Amincewa da shawarar Mallon ya ƙara adadin gasanni zuwa 95, sannan ya ƙara adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta zuwa 26 da 'yan wasa zuwa 1,226. Bayan sabunta ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta intanet, sashen sakamakon gasanni na shafin IOC ya ƙunshi gasanni 95.<ref name=IOC1900Results /> Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ya nuna jimillar gasannin neman lambobin yabo 95, ƙasashe 26 da 'yan wasa 1,226.<ref name=Games1900 /> Bugu da ƙari, takardar bayanan IOC mai suna "The Games of the Olympiad" ta watan Nuwamba 2021 ta ambaci gasanni 95, amma har yanzu tana amfani da tsoffin adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta (24) da 'yan wasa (997).<ref name=FactsheetGames/>}}||95||26{{efn|name=Mixed Team}}{{efn|A cewar Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, ƙasashe 26 ne suka tura masu fafatawa zuwa wannan bugu na gasar.<ref name=Games1900 /> A wancan lokaci, babu tsarin "ƙungiyoyin ƙasa" da Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa ke zaɓa. Lokacin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarci farkon gasannin Olympics, IOC ba ya la'akari da ƙasashen da ba su da wakilci kai tsaye, amma 'yan ƙasarsu suka fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe. Bincike na zamani ya nuna<ref name="Mallon"/> cewa a Olympics na 1900, 'yan wasa daga aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda ba su da wakilci kai tsaye (Canada, Luxembourg, Colombia da New Zealand) sun fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe a wasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya. Shafin IOC ya jera dukkan su a sashen sakamako bisa ga ƙasashensu,<ref name=IOC1900Results>{{cite web|title=Paris 1900 Results|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/results|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> amma bai haɗa ƙasashensu cikin ƙasashe 26 da suka halarta ba.<ref name=Games1900 />}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} |- |1904<ref name=Games1904/> |{{sort|03|[[1904 Summer Olympics|III]]}} |align=left|[[St. Louis]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1896}} |1 Yuli – 23 Nuwamba 1904<br/>[[List of governors of Missouri|Gwamna]] [[David R. Francis]] |16 (18)||651||645||6||95{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1904<ref name=Games1904/> ya sanya adadin gasanni 95, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|archive-date=2 June 2016|title=St. Louis 1904 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602114217/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> ya nuna 91. An samo adadin 91 daga aikin masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci Bill Mallon,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll16/id/1/|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1999|title = The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|page=16|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn = 9781476621609}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun. Gasannin da suka cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan na farkon ƙarni na 20 — waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, suka ba da damar halartar ƙasashen duniya, suka buɗe ga dukkan masu fafatawa, kuma ba su yi amfani da tsarin nakasassu ba — yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gasannin Olympics.}}||12{{efn|name=Mixed Team}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1904 Summer}} |- |1908<ref name=Games1908/> |{{sort|04|[[1908 Summer Olympics|IV]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |'''27 Afrilu – 31 Oktoba 1908'''<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[Edward VII]] |22 (25)||2,008||1,971||37||110||22 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} |- |1912<ref name=Games1912/> |{{sort|05|[[1912 Summer Olympics|V]]}} |align=left|[[Stockholm]] |align=left|{{flag|Sweden}} |6–22 Yuli 1912<br/>[[Monarchy of Sweden|Sarki]] [[Gustaf V]] |14 (18)||2,407||2,359||48||102||28 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1912 Summer}} |- |1916 |{{sort|06|[[1916 Summer Olympics|VI]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games|Ko da yake an soke wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1916, 1940 da 1944, an ci gaba da amfani da lambobin Roman na waɗannan wasannin saboda sunayen hukuma na wasannin lokacin bazara suna ƙirga zangon Olympics, ba wasannin kansu ba, kamar yadda Yarjejeniya ta Olympics ta tanada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Now You Know Big Book of Sports|first=Doug|last=Lennox|author-link=Doug Lennox|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/223 223]|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|isbn=978-1-55488-454-4|url=https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9|url-access=registration }}</ref> Wannan ya bambanta da wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu, waɗanda ba sa ƙirga wasannin lokacin hunturu na 1940 da 1944 da aka soke a cikin lambar jerinsu.}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}} ! colspan="8"|''An soke saboda [[World War I]]'' |- |1920<ref name=Games1920/> |{{sort|07|[[1920 Summer Olympics|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Antwerp]] |align=left|{{flag|Belgium}} |14 Agusta – 12 Satumba 1920<br/>[[Monarchy of Belgium|Sarki]] [[Albert I of Belgium]] |22 (29)||2,626||2,561||65||156{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1920<ref name=Games1920/> ya nuna gasanni 156, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|title=Antwerp 1920 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125827/http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=2 June 2016 }}</ref> ya nuna 154 (bambancin ya kasance gasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a [[Amsterdam]]).}}||39 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1920 Summer}} |- |1924<ref name=Games1924/> |{{sort|08|[[1924 Summer Olympics|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |5–27 Yuli 1924<br/>[[President of France|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gaston Doumergue]] |17 (23)||3,089||2,954||135||126||44 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1924 Summer}} |- |1928<ref name=Games1928/> |{{sort|09|[[1928 Summer Olympics|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Amsterdam]] |align=left|{{flag|Netherlands}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1928<br/>[[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |rowspan="2"|14 (20)||2,883||2,606||277||109||46 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1928 Summer}} |- |1932<ref name=Games1932/> |{{sort|10|[[1932 Summer Olympics|X]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1912}} |30 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1932<br/>[[Vice President of the United States|Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Charles Curtis]] |1,332||1,206||126||117||37 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1932 Summer}} |- |1936<ref name=Games1936/> |{{sort|11|[[1936 Summer Olympics|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |1–16 Agusta 1936<br/>[[Chancellor of Germany|Kansila]] [[Adolf Hitler]] |19 (25)||3,963||3,632||331||129||49 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GER|1936 Summer}} |- |1940 |{{sort|12|[[1940 Summer Olympics|XII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]]<br />[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<br />{{flag|Finland}} !colspan="8"|''An fara ba Japan damar shirya gasar, daga baya aka ba Finland. An soke saboda [[World War II]]'' |- |1944 |{{sort|13|[[1944 Summer Olympics|XIII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |rowspan="2"|[[London]] |rowspan="2"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} !colspan="8"|''An soke saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' |- |1948<ref name=Games1948/> |{{sort|14|[[1948 Summer Olympics|XIV]]}} |29 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1948<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[George VI]] |rowspan="4"|17 (23)||4,104||3,714||390||136||59 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1948 Summer}} |- |1952<ref name=Games1952/> |{{sort|15|[[1952 Summer Olympics|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Finland}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1952<br/>[[President of Finland|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |4,955||4,436||519||149||69 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} |- |1956<ref name=Games1956/> |{{sort|16|[[1956 Summer Olympics|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]]<br />[[Stockholm]]{{efn|An gudanar da [[Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics|gasannin hawan dawakai]] a Stockholm, Sweden, watanni da dama kafin sauran gasannin da aka yi a Melbourne saboda dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Ostiraliya. Stockholm ta nemi izinin karɓar gasannin hawan dawakai daban.}} |align=left|{{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |22 Nuwamba – 8 Disamba 1956<br/>[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |3,314||2,938||376||151{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1956<ref name=Games1956/> ya nuna jimillar gasanni 151 (gasanni 145 a Melbourne da gasannin hawan dawakai guda shida a [[Stockholm]]).}}||72{{efn|Ƙasashe biyar daga cikin ƙasashe 72 da suka fafata a gasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm ba su halarci babban taron wasannin da aka yi a Melbourne ba.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1956 Summer}} |- |1960<ref name=Games1960/> |{{sort|17|[[1960 Summer Olympics|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Rome]] |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |25 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1960<br/>[[President of Italy|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Giovanni Gronchi]] |5,338||4,727||611||150||83 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1960 Summer}} |- |1964<ref name=Games1964/> |{{sort|18|[[1964 Summer Olympics|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}} |10–24 Oktoba 1964<br/>[[Emperor of Japan|Sarki]] [[Hirohito]] |19 (25)||5,151||4,473||678||163||93 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1964 Summer}} |- |1968<ref name=Games1968/> |{{sort|19|[[1968 Summer Olympics|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Mexico City]] |align=left|{{flag|Mexico}} |12–27 Oktoba 1968<br/>[[President of Mexico|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] |18 (24)||5,516||4,735||781||172||112 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1968 Summer}} |- |1972<ref name=Games1972/> |{{sort|20|[[1972 Summer Olympics|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Munich]] |align=left|{{flag|West Germany}} |26 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1972{{efn|An tsara wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972 su ƙare a ranar 10 Satumba 1972, amma an ɗage su da kwana ɗaya zuwa 11 Satumba, bayan dakatar da gasannin na tsawon sa'o'i 34 sakamakon [[Munich massacre]], wanda ya faru bayan rana ta 9.}}<br/>[[President of Germany|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustav Heinemann]] |21 (28)||7,134||6,075||1,059||195||121 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1972 Summer}} |- |1976<ref name=Games1976/> |{{sort|21|[[1976 Summer Olympics|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Montreal]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |17 Yuli – 1 Agusta 1976<br/>[[Monarchy of Canada|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |rowspan="2"|21 (27)||6,084||4,824||1,260||198||92 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1976 Summer}} |- |1980<ref name=Games1980/> |{{sort|22|[[1980 Summer Olympics|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Moscow]] |align=left|{{flag|Soviet Union}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1980<br/>[[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Shugaban Presidium]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]]{{efn|Bayanan IOC sun nuna cewa Brezhnev ya buɗe wasannin Moscow a matsayin "Shugaban ƙasa", taken da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ga shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet, ko shugaban ƙasa a bisa doka. (Ba a ƙirƙiri ofishin [[President of the Soviet Union]] ba sai a shekarar 1990, shekara guda kafin ƙasar ta [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|rarrabu]].)<ref name=FactsheetSOG>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad|pages=4–5|date=6 October 2021|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212924/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref>}} |5,179||4,064||1,115||203||80 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1980 Summer}} |- |1984<ref name=Games1984/> |{{sort|23|[[1984 Summer Olympics|XXIII]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1984<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Ronald Reagan]] |21 (29)||6,829||5,263||1,566||221||140 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} |- |1988<ref name=Games1988/> |{{sort|24|[[1988 Summer Olympics|XXIV]]}} |align=left|[[Seoul]] |align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}} |17 Satumba – 2 Oktoba 1988<br/>[[President of South Korea|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] |23 (31)||8,391||6,197||2,194||237||159 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} |- |1992<ref name=Games1992/> |{{sort|25|[[1992 Summer Olympics|XXV]]}} |align=left|[[Barcelona]] |align=left|{{flag|Spain}} |25 Yuli – 9 Agusta 1992<br/>[[Monarchy of Spain|Sarki]] [[Juan Carlos I]] |25 (34)||9,356||6,652||2,704||257||169 |align=left|{{flagIOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} |- |1996<ref name=Games1996/> |{{sort|26|[[1996 Summer Olympics|XXVI]]}} |align=left|[[Atlanta]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |19 Yuli - 4 Agusta 1996<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Bill Clinton]] |26 (37)||10,318||'''6,806'''||3,512||271||197 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1996 Summer}} |- |2000<ref name=Games2000/> |{{sort|27|[[2000 Summer Olympics|XXVII]]}} |align=left|[[Sydney]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |15 Satumba – 1 Oktoba 2000<br/>[[Governor-General of Australia|Gwamna-Janar Sir]] [[William Deane]] |rowspan="2"|28 (40)||10,651||6,582||4,069||300||199 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2000 Summer}} |- |2004<ref name=Games2004/> |{{sort|28|[[2004 Summer Olympics|XXVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Greece}} |13–29 Agusta 2004<br/>[[President of Greece|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]] |10,625||6,296||4,329||301||201 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2004 Summer}} |- |2008<ref name=Games2008/> |{{sort|29|[[2008 Summer Olympics|XXIX]]}} |align=left|[[Beijing]] |align=left|{{flag|China}} |8–24 Agusta 2008<br/>[[President of China|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Hu Jintao]] |28 (41)||10,942||6,305||4,637||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} |- |2012<ref name=Games2012/> |{{sort|30|[[2012 Summer Olympics|XXX]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |27 Yuli – 12 Agusta 2012<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |26 (39)||10,768||5,992||4,776||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2012 Summer}} |- |2016<ref name=Games2016/> |{{sort|31|[[2016 Summer Olympics|XXXI]]}} |align=left|[[Rio de Janeiro]] |align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |5–21 Agusta 2016<br/>[[President of Brazil|Mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Michel Temer]] |28 (42)||11,238||6,179||5,059||306||'''207''' |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer}} |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|[[2020 Summer Olympics|XXXII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 Yuli – 8 Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin tun farko daga 24 Yuli zuwa 9 Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kiran taron wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna zangon Olympics na 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zangon Olympics na shekaru |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|XXXII}} |align=left|Tokyo |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin ne tun farko daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda annobar COVID-19. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kiran taron da sunan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna Olimpiad ta 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zagayowar Olimpiad na shekaru huɗu.<ref name=postponement/>}}<br/>[[Sarkin Japan|Sarki]] Naruhito |33 (50)||'''11,476'''||5,982||'''5,494'''||339||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2020 Summer}} |- |2024<ref name=Games2024/> |{{sort|33|XXXIII}} |align=left|Paris |align=left|{{flag|France}} |26 ga Yuli – 11 ga Agusta 2024<br/>[[Shugaban Faransa|Shugaba]] Emmanuel Macron |32 (48)||10,714||5,357||5,357||329||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2024 Summer}} |- |''2028''<ref name=Games2028/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2029; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|34|''XXXIV''}} |align=left|''Los Angeles'' |align=left|''{{flag|United States}}'' |''14–30 ga Yuli 2028<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT add president or vice president; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the other column headings.--> |'''36 (51)'''||''11,198''{{efn|name=LA28quota|Shirin wasannin LA28 ya kiyaye adadin ’yan wasa na asali 10,500, tare da ƙarin guraben ’yan wasa 698 da aka ware wa wasannin zaɓi guda biyar da kwamitin shirya LA28 ya gabatar. Jimillar ta ƙunshi ’yan wasa maza 5,167 da mata 5,333. Wannan zai kasance karo na farko da wasannin Olympics za su ƙunshi mata fiye da maza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/la28-event-programme-marks-strong-commitment-towards-innovation-and-gender-equality|title=LA28 event programme marks strong commitment towards innovation and gender equality|date=9 April 2025|website=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>}}||''5,167''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||''5,333''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||'''353'''||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2032''<ref name=Games2032/> |{{sort|35|''XXXV''}} |align=left|''Brisbane'' |align=left|''{{flag|Australia}}'' |''23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2032<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT change these dates of 2032 or add current spouse of the king; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the column headings.--> |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2036''<ref name=Games2036/> |{{sort|36|''XXXVI''}} | | |''Ba a sanar ba'' |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} pb44q759llyo11nto5cqmgud36w3sff 966085 966083 2026-10-11T07:31:54Z Nura Bello 24854 966085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''Olympics na ba'zara''' ko '''Wasannin Olympiad''', wani babban taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a duk bayan shekaru huɗu. An gudanar da wasannin farko ne a shekarar 1896 a Athens, wadda a lokacin take cikin Masarautar Girka, yayin da aka gudanar da na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2024 a Paris, Faransa. Wannan shi ne taron wasanni na ƙasashen duniya na farko mai irin wannan tsari, wanda Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) ya shirya, wanda Pierre de Coubertin ya kafa.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Summer Olympic Games {{!}} Dates, Locations, Facts, & Athletes {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Summer-Olympic-Games|access-date=2 August 2024|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> An fara al'adar bayar da lambobin yabo a shekarar 1904; a kowane taron Olympics, ana ba da lambar zinare ga wanda ya zo na farko, lambar azurfa ga wanda ya zo na biyu, da lambar tagulla ga wanda ya zo na uku. An ƙirƙiri Wasannin Olympics na hunturu ne sakamakon nasarar Wasannin Olympics na bazara, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi daraja a cikin tarukan wasanni na ƙasashen duniya. Wasannin Olympics na bazara sun ƙaru sosai tun daga gasannin da suka ƙunshi wasanni 42 a shekarar 1896, tare da maza masu fafatawa ƙasa da 250 daga ƙasashe 14, zuwa wasanni 339 a shekarar 2021 (Wasannin Olympics na 2020), tare da masu fafatawa 11,319 (kusan rabinsu mata) daga ƙasashe 206. An gudanar da wasannin a ƙasashe 19 a nahiyoyi biyar: sau huɗu a Amurka (1904, 1932, 1984, da 1996), sau uku a Birtaniya (1908, 1948, da 2012) da Faransa (1900, 1924, da 2024), sau biyu a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Girka (1896 da 2004), Jamus (1936 da 1972), Australia (1956 da 2000), da Japan (1964 da 2020), sannan sau ɗaya a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italiya (1960), Mexico (1968), Kanada (1976), Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Koriya ta Kudu (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), da Brazil (2016). London da Paris sun karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku, yayin da Los Angeles, Athens, da Tokyo kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu; Los Angeles za ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-in-agreeing-to-award-2024-and-2028-olympic-games-at-the-same-time|date=11 July 2017|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku ne kawai suka samu aƙalla lambar yabo guda ɗaya a dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara: Australia, Faransa, da Birtaniya. Birtaniya ce kaɗai ta samu aƙalla lambar zinare a kowane bugu na wasannin. Amurka ce ke kan gaba a jimillar lambobin yabo na dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ta kasance a saman jadawalin lambobin yabo sau 19, sai Tarayyar Soviet (sau bakwai, ciki har da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1992), sannan Faransa, Birtaniya, Jamus, da China (sau ɗaya kowannensu). ==Karɓar bakuncin wasanni== [[File:Summer Olympics.svg|thumb|Taswirar wuraren da aka gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara – an yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya launin kore, yayin da aka yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu ko fiye launin shuɗi.]] Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau huɗu: wasannin 1904 a St. Louis, Missouri; wasannin 1932 da 1984 a Los Angeles, California; da wasannin 1996 a Atlanta, Georgia. Wasannin 2028 da za a gudanar a Los Angeles za su zama karo na biyar da Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara. A shekarar 1924, Paris ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu, yayin da a shekarar 2012, London ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau uku. Paris ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2024, yayin da Los Angeles za ta yi hakan a shekarar 2028. Tokyo (1964 da 2020) da Athens (1896 da 2004, ba tare da haɗa wasannin 1906 ba) kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu. Australia, Jamus, Girka, da Japan duk sun karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu (Australia za ta karɓi bakuncinsu karo na uku a shekarar 2032). Tokyo ce birni na farko a wajen ƙasashen da galibi ake magana da Turanci da kuma ƙasashen Turai da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schaffer|first1=Kay|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|date=2000|page=271}}</ref> ita ce kuma birni mafi girma da ya taɓa karɓar bakuncin wasannin, domin ta bunƙasa sosai tun daga shekarar 1964. Sauran ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara su ne Belgium, Brazil, Kanada, China, Finland, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Koriya ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Spain, da Sweden, inda kowace daga cikinsu ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya. Asiya ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau huɗu: a Tokyo (1964 da 2020), Seoul (1988), da Beijing (2008). Wasannin 2016 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, su ne wasannin Olympics na bazara na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Amurka, sannan su ne na farko da aka gudanar gaba ɗaya a lokacin da ake kira "hunturu" a yankin. Ƙasashe biyu ne kawai a yankin Kudancin Duniya suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin: Australia (1956, 2000, da kuma 2032) da Brazil (2016), yayin da har yanzu ba a taɓa gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara a Afirka ba. Stockholm, Sweden, ta karɓi bakuncin wasanni a lokuta biyu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1912 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin hawan dawakai na Olympics na bazara na 1956 (wanda dokokin keɓe masu zuwa ƙasa suka hana gudanarwa a Melbourne, Australia).<ref name="Games1956" /> Amsterdam, Netherlands, ita ma ta karɓi bakuncin wasu wasanni a Wasannin Olympics na bazara guda biyu, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1928 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin gasannin tseren jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1920. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, Hong Kong ta samar da wuraren gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai, waɗanda aka gudanar a Sha Tin da Kwu Tung. Karɓar bakuncin wasannin yana buƙatar manyan zuba jari a kayayyakin more rayuwa na birni, kuma yana hanzarta irin waɗannan zuba jarin.<ref name=jrs>{{Cite journal |last=Short |first=John R. |date=December 2008 |title=Globalization, cities and the Summer Olympics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810802478888 |journal=City |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=321–340 |doi=10.1080/13604810802478888 |bibcode=2008City...12..321S |issn=1360-4813}}</ref> A yanzu wasannin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsaren shugabannin birane na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar biranensu da sauran duniya da kuma gasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki.<ref name=jrs/> ==Tarihi== ===Shekarun farko=== [[File:1906 Intercalated Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a filin wasa na Panathenaic, Athens]] An kafa Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) a shekarar 1894, lokacin da Pierre de Coubertin, wani malamin Faransa kuma masanin tarihi, ya nemi inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar gasannin wasanni. An gudanar da bugu na farko na Wasannin Olympics a Athens a shekarar 1896, kuma ya jawo masu fafatawa 245 kawai, waɗanda sama da 200 daga cikinsu 'yan Girka ne, kuma ƙasashe 14 ne kawai suka halarta. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa shirya wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa mai girman wannan ba a baya. Ba a ba wa mata damar fafatawa ba, duk da cewa wata mace mai suna Stamata Revithi ta yi gudun tseren gudun fanfalaki ita kaɗai, tana mai cewa, "Idan kwamitin bai bar ni in fafata ba, zan bi su ko ta yaya".<ref name=Revithi>{{cite journal|author = Tarasouleas, Athanasios|date =Summer 1993|title = The Female Spiridon Loues|journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 11–12|url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|access-date = 26 June 2012|archive-date = 25 June 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625162746/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|url-status = dead }}</ref> Mata sun fara shiga gasanni a hukumance a wasannin Paris na shekarar 1900, inda mata 22 suka fafata a wasanni biyar. Shigar mata ta ƙaru sosai tun daga lokacin, inda kusan rabin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin baya-bayan nan mata ne.<ref name="britannica.com"/> Wasannin Olympics na 1896, waɗanda a hukumance aka sani da Wasannin Olympiad, wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya da aka gudanar a Athens, Girka, daga 6 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 1896. Su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a zamanin zamani. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin buɗe wasannin. 'Yan wasan sun fito daga ƙasashe 14, inda mafi yawansu suka fito daga Girka. Duk da cewa Girka ce ta fi yawan 'yan wasa, Amurka ce ta kammala da mafi yawan waɗanda suka zama zakarun wasanni; Amurkawa 11 ne suka zo na farko a wasanninsu, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Girka 10.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Swifter, Higher, Stronger|last = Macy|first = Sue|publisher = National Geographic|year = 2004|isbn = 0-7922-6667-6|location = Washington D.C., United States|pages = [https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16 16]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16}}</ref> Tsohuwar Girka ita ce mahaifar Wasannin Olympics, saboda haka aka ɗauki Athens a matsayin wurin da ya dace don gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko. An zaɓi Athens a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin wasannin baki ɗaya a wani taro da Pierre de Coubertin ya shirya a Paris, ranar 23 ga Yuni 1894. An kuma kafa IOC a wannan taron. Duk da matsaloli da koma-baya da dama, an ɗauki wasannin Olympics na 1896 a matsayin babban nasara. Wasannin sun samu halartar ƙasashe daban-daban fiye da kowane taron wasanni da aka gudanar kafin wannan lokaci. Filin wasa na Panathenaic, filin wasa na farko mai girma a duniyar zamani, ya cika makil da mafi yawan taron jama'a da suka taɓa kallon wani taron wasanni.<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=David C.|date=1996|title=The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5374-6|page=144}}</ref> Babban abin farin ciki ga 'yan Girka shi ne nasarar da ɗan ƙasarsu Spiridon Louis, mai ɗaukar ruwa, ya samu a tseren Marathon. Ya lashe gasar cikin sa'o'i 2, mintuna 58 da daƙiƙa 50, lamarin da ya jawo murna mai yawa a filin wasan. Wanda ya fi samun nasara a gasar shi ne Carl Schuhmann, ɗan Jamus, mai kokawa kuma ɗan wasan motsa jiki, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu. Jami'an Girka da jama'a sun nuna matuƙar farin ciki da kwarewar karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan wasan sun yi irin wannan ra'ayi, har ma suka nemi a mai da Athens birnin da zai riƙa karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na dindindin. IOC ta yi niyyar gudanar da wasannin da za su biyo baya a birane daban-daban a faɗin duniya. An gudanar da Olympics na biyu a Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 April 2020|title= 1896 Athina Summer Games|publisher= Sports Reference|access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Wasannin Olympics na 1900 a Paris sun jawo 'yan wasa fiye da sau huɗu na waɗanda suka halarta a baya, ciki har da mata 20, waɗanda aka ba su damar fafatawa a hukumance a karon farko a wasannin croquet, golf, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, da tennis. An haɗa wasannin da Baje kolin Duniya na Paris na shekarar 1900, kuma sun ɗauki sama da watanni biyar. An yi ta samun saɓani game da ainihin wasannin da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na Olympics, domin wasu wasannin na ƙwararru ne, wasu suna da ƙa'idojin cancanta na musamman, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da masu fafatawa daga ƙasashen duniya. [[File:Francis Field 1904.jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Francis Olympic Field na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1904]] [[File:Dorando Pietri 1908.jpg|thumb|Dorando Pietri yana kammala tseren Marathon na zamani a shekarar 1908, wanda aka gudanar a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu.]] Rikice-rikicen da yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya haifar da kuma wahalar tafiya zuwa St. Louis na iya zama sanadin halartar 'yan wasa kaɗan daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa daga wajen Amurka da Kanada a Wasannin Olympics na 1904, waɗanda su ne wasannin farko da aka gudanar a wajen Turai. An fara amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo uku na yanzu, wato zinare, azurfa, da tagulla ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu, da na uku, a Olympics na 1904.<ref name=FactsheetGames>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad|page=1|date=16 November 2021|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717170215/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da "Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya na Biyu a Athens", kamar yadda aka kira su a lokacin, a shekarar 1906.<ref name="lennartz">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|title=The 2nd International Olympic Games in Athens 1906|first=Karl|last=Lennartz|via=LA84 Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515105421/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A halin yanzu IOC ba ta amince da waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wasannin Olympics na hukuma ba, duk da cewa masana tarihi da dama sun amince da su, kuma suna ganin cewa wasannin 1906 sun taimaka wajen hana gushewar Olympics. Wasannin Athens na 1906 su ne na farko a cikin jerin wasannin da aka shirya gudanarwa a Athens a kowace shekara mai lamba ko da ba shekarar Olympics ba ce, amma ba a ci gaba da gudanar da wannan jerin wasannin ba. Wasannin sun fi na 1900 da 1904 nasara, inda sama da 'yan wasa 850 suka fafata, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar wasannin da suka biyo baya. Wasannin London na 1908 sun sake samun ƙarin masu fafatawa, tare da gudanar da tseren Marathon a karon farko a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, wato kilomita 42.195 (mil 26 da yadi 385). Tseren Marathon na farko a Olympics na 1896, wanda maza kawai suka fafata, an gudanar da shi a tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 24 da yadi 85). An zaɓi sabon tazarar Marathon ne domin a tabbatar cewa za a kammala tseren a gaban wurin da dangin sarautar Birtaniya suke zaune. Saboda haka, tazarar Marathon ta kasance kilomita 40 a wasannin farko na shekarar 1896, amma daga baya an riƙa sauya ta da kusan kilomita 2 gwargwadon yanayin wurin, kamar tsarin tituna da filin wasa. A wasannin Olympics guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1900 da 1920, an yi tseren Marathon a tazara shida daban-daban. A wasannin, Birtaniya ta lashe lambobin yabo 146, wato fiye da Amurkawa da suka zo na biyu da lambobi 99, kuma wannan shi ne sakamakonta mafi girma har zuwa yau. A ƙarshen tseren Marathon na 1908, ɗan tseren Italiya Dorando Pietri ne ya fara shiga filin wasa, amma yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma ya faɗi saboda gajiya kafin ya kammala tseren. Jami'an gasar da suka damu sun taimaka masa ya ketare layin ƙarshe, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga gasar. A matsayin diyya saboda rashin samun lambar yabo, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba Pietri ƙoƙon azurfa mai rufi da zinare. Arthur Conan Doyle ya rubuta rahoto na musamman game da tseren a jaridar Daily Mail.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lovesey, Peter|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|title=Conan Doyle and the Olympics|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016144350/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasannin sun ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda suka jawo masu fafatawa 2,504 a Stockholm a shekarar 1912, ciki har da fitaccen ɗan wasa Jim Thorpe, wanda ya lashe gasar decathlon da pentathlon. Thorpe ya taɓa buga wasu wasannin baseball a kan kuɗi, kuma aka ƙwace lambobin yabonsa saboda wannan "saɓawar" dokar zaman mai son wasa, bayan korafe-korafen Avery Brundage. An mayar masa da lambobin a shekarar 1983, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwarsa. Wasannin Stockholm su ne na farko da suka cika ainihin ra'ayin Pierre de Coubertin. A karon farko tun lokacin da aka fara wasannin a shekarar 1896, dukkan nahiyoyi biyar da mutane ke zaune a cikinsu sun samu wakilci, inda 'yan wasa suka fafata a filin wasa guda. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1916 a Berlin, amma aka soke su bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. ===Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe=== Wasannin Antwerp na 1920 a Belgium, wadda yaƙi ya lalata, ba su kasance cikin yanayi mai armashi ba, amma sun sake jawo adadin masu fafatawa mafi girma. Wannan tarihi bai daɗe ba, domin a shekarar 1924 wasannin Paris sun samu masu fafatawa 3,000, inda fitaccen ɗan wasan ya kasance ɗan tseren Finland Paavo Nurmi. Wanda aka fi sani da "Flying Finn" ya lashe lambobin zinare uku na ƙungiya da kuma tseren mita 1,500 da mita 5,000 na mutum ɗaya, inda aka gudanar da tseren biyun na ƙarshe a rana guda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paavo Nurmi – Life Story|url=https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/|access-date=16 March 2020|publisher=The Sports Museum of Finland|website=paavonurmi.fi|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114141920/https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/ }}</ref> Paris ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na 1924, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pierre de Coubertin na IOC, wanda ake kira uban Olympics na zamani. A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da taken Olympics na ''Citius, Altius, Fortius'' (Wuri, Sama, Ƙarfi), ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics, da kuma Wasannin Olympics na hunturu a matsayin "Makon Wasannin Hunturu na Ƙasashen Duniya". Wasannin Amsterdam na 1928 sun shahara saboda kasancewarsu wasannin farko da aka ba wa mata damar fafatawa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Sun kuma amfana sosai daga bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samu a wannan lokaci, tare da fara tallafawa wasannin ta hanyar kamfanoni, inda Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya zama na farko. A wasannin 1928 ne IOC ta gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin zane na lambar yabo, inda aka zaɓi zanen Giuseppe Cassioli na allahiyar Girka Nike, tare da wanda ya yi nasara ana ɗaukarsa a kan kafaɗun taron jama'a. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan zane har zuwa shekarar 1972. Wasannin Olympics na Los Angeles na 1932 sun kasance na farko da aka samar da ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|title=1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village - Baldwin Hills- Baldwin Hills Information|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202059/http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma dandamalin tsayawar waɗanda suka yi nasara.<ref name=NPS-LANDMARK>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222329/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure |date=November 14, 2007 }}, National Landmarks Program, National Park Service, ''Accessed November 12, 2007.''</ref><ref name=Podium>Martin, D. E., Martin, D. A., & Gynn, R. W. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. p. 146.</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532, Berlin, Olympia-Stadion (Luftaufnahme).jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Olympiastadion da ke Berlin a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1936]] Gwamnatin Jamus ta ɗauki Wasannin Berlin na 1936 a matsayin wata babbar dama ta yaɗa akidarta. Jam'iyyar Nazi mai mulki ta ɗauki hayar mai shirya fina-finai Leni Riefenstahl domin yin fim ɗin wasannin. Fim ɗin, ''Olympia'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin fitaccen aikin fasaha, duk da cewa an haɗa ra'ayoyin Adolf Hitler na fifikon launin fata na Aryan a cikinsa. A gasannin mutum ɗaya, Jesse Owens, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka mai tseren gudu da tsalle-tsalle, ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu, yayin da ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin ta lashe lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo mafi yawa. A Wasannin Berlin na 1936 ne aka fara gabatar da tseren isar da wutar Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330949.stm|title=The Olympic torch's shadowy past|work=BBC News|access-date=4 August 2008|date=5 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7330949.stm}}</ref> Saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an soke Wasannin Olympics na 1940, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Tokyo, amma daga baya aka mayar da su Helsinki na ɗan lokaci bayan barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1944 a London, amma su ma aka soke. Maimakon haka, London ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a shekarar 1948. ===Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu=== An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na farko bayan yaƙi a London a shekarar 1948, inda aka hana Jamus da Japan shiga gasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html|title=Germany and Japan Are Banned As Participants in '48 Olympics; Other Enemy Countries, Including Italy, Are Likely to Receive Bids, However-- Organizing Group Reveals Plans|date=24 January 1947|newspaper=The New York Times|page=25|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327010440/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html}}</ref> 'Yar tseren Netherlands Fanny Blankers-Koen ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu a wasannin guje-guje, inda ta maimaita nasarar da Owens ya samu a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century|title=Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen who was crowned Female Athlete of the 20th Century|date=23 January 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211907/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century}}</ref> A Wasannin Olympics na Helsinki na 1952, tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta fafata a karon farko kuma cikin sauri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawagogin gasar, inda ta zo ta biyu a yawan lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo da ta samu. Ana iya danganta nasararta ta farko da bullar tsarin 'yan wasa masu cikakken lokaci waɗanda gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Tarayyar Soviet ta shigar da tawagogin 'yan wasa waɗanda a hukumance dukkansu ɗalibai ne, sojoji, ko masu aiki a wasu sana'o'i, amma a zahiri gwamnati ce ke biyan yawancinsu domin su riƙa horo na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa dokokin zaman ɗan wasa mai son wasa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902183140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2009|title=Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur|last=Benjamin|first=Daniel|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=18 March 2009|date=27 July 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schantz|first=Otto|title=The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch|publisher=Comité International Pierre De Coubertin|url=http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|website=coubertin.ch|access-date=13 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html|title=How the Russians break the Olympic rules|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 April 1980|last=Vinokur|first=Boris|url-status=live|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331200107/https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html}}</ref><ref name="A Real Pro">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html|title=Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=J. N. Washburn|date=21 July 1974|page=2|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153414/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html|title=Sports in Soviet Union Only for Elite : There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up|date=22 July 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Bob|last=Oates|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412113717/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html}}</ref> Finland ta yi fice a gasar ta hanyar wani hafsan sojan Czechoslovakia mai suna Emil Zátopek, wanda ya kasance mai fara'a kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar inganta nasarorin lambobin zinare da azurfa guda ɗaya da ya samu a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya fara lashe tseren mita 10,000 da mita 5,000, ya kuma shiga tseren gudun fanfalaki, duk da cewa bai taɓa yin tseren irin wannan tazara a baya ba. Yana tattaunawa da sauran shugabannin tseren yayin da yake tafiya, Zátopek ya jagoranci gasar daga kusan rabin tazara, yana barin sauran masu fafatawa a hankali, har ya yi nasara da tazarar mintuna biyu da rabi, inda ya kammala jerin nasarori uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|title=Marking the centenary of the birth of Zatopek|date=19 September 2022|last=Turnbull|first=Simon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032616/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|url-status=live}}</ref> Wasannin Melbourne na 1956, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Duniya, sun yi nasara sosai, sai dai wasan polo na ruwa tsakanin Hungary da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙare da faɗa tsakanin 'yan wasan saboda mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260|title=Blood in the water: Hungary's 1956 water polo gold|last=Reid|first=Kirsty|date=20 August 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013081617/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260}}</ref> An gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm saboda barkewar cutar ƙafa da baki a Birtaniya a lokacin, da kuma tsauraran dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Australia. A Wasannin Olympics na Rome na 1960, wani matashin ɗan dambe mai nauyin light-heavyweight mai suna Cassius Clay, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Muhammad Ali, ya bayyana a fagen wasanni. Daga baya Ali ya jefar da lambar zinare tasa cikin fushi bayan an hana shi hidima a wani gidan cin abinci na masu farar fata kawai a garinsu na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallechinsky|first=David|author2=Jamie Loucky|date=2008|title=The Complete Book of the Olympics, 2008 Edition|publisher=[[Aurum Press]]|isbn=978-1-84513-330-6|pages=453–454 }}</ref> An ba shi sabuwar lambar yabo bayan shekaru 36, a Wasannin Olympics na 1996 a Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing|title=Why Muhammad Ali received a second Olympic gold medal in 1996|date=4 May 2020|website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]]|access-date=13 August 2022|author=OlympicTalk|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703091942/https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing}}</ref> Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarar 1960 sun haɗa da Wilma Rudolph, wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare a tseren mita 100, mita 200, da tseren gudun mita 4 × 100 na mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa|title=Sixty years since historic Olympic triple, Rudolph's legacy lives on|date=2 September 2020|last=Mulkeen|first=Jon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa}}</ref> Wasannin Tokyo na 1964 su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a Asiya kuma aka watsa su kai tsaye a talabijin a faɗin duniya, sakamakon bullar tauraron ɗan adam na sadarwa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time|title=How the 1964 Games brought live Olympic Sports to the United States for the first time|date=8 January 2019|last=Kortemeier|first=Todd|website=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|Team USA]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173559/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin sun zama wani muhimmin sauyi wajen yaɗuwar shahara da karɓuwar Olympics a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon zamanin sadarwa na zamani. An fara gabatar da wasan judo a matsayin wasan Olympics na hukuma, kuma ɗan wasan judo na Netherlands Anton Geesink ya jawo hankula lokacin da ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na rukunin nauyin da ba a kayyade ba, inda ya doke Akio Kaminaga a gaban magoya bayansa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter|title=Tokyo 1964: The First Chapter|date=8 July 2021|last=Messner|first=Nicolas|website=[[International Judo Federation|IJF.org]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022132920/https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter}}</ref> [[File:Opening Ceremony Mexico 87 University Stadium.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe Wasannin Olympics na 1968 a birnin Mexico, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Latin Amurka]] An sami tasiri a sakamakon wasannin Olympics na 1968 a Mexico City saboda tsayin birnin daga matakin teku.<ref name=Games1968/> A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da dabarar tsalle-tsalle ta Fosbury flop, wadda daga baya ta zama sananniya a duk duniya. Wannan dabara ta taimaka wa Ba'amurke Dick Fosbury ya lashe lambar zinare a tsalle-tsalle na sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop|title=50 years since the day Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump|date=20 October 2018|last=Minshull|first=Phil|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop}}</ref> A bikin bayar da lambobin yabo na tseren mita 200 na maza, 'yan wasan Ba'amurke baƙaƙe Tommie Smith (wanda ya lashe zinare) da John Carlos (wanda ya lashe tagulla) sun nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin jama'a ta hanyar ɗaga hannayensu sanye da safar hannu baƙaƙe da kuma sanya safa baƙaƙe maimakon takalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html|title=Black Power salute 50 years on: Iconic Olympics protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos remembered|date=24 April 2019|last=Parfitt|first=Tom|website=The Independent|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034505/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html}}</ref> Daga baya IOC ta kori 'yan wasan biyu daga wasannin. Věra Čáslavská, a matsayin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta a shekarar 1968, da kuma hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke mai cike da saɓani a wasannin katakon daidaita jiki da na motsa jiki a ƙasa, ta sunkuyar da kanta ta kau da ita daga tutar Tarayyar Soviet yayin da ake rera taken ƙasar a lokacin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|date=20 October 2018|last=Reynolds|first=Tom|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022024057/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref> Ta koma gida a matsayin jaruma a idon al'ummar Czechoslovakia, amma gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ke iko da ita ta mayar da ita saniyar ware. [[File:Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Attentats in München (Kiel 53.824).jpg|thumb|upright|An saukar da tutar Olympics zuwa rabin sanda a Kiel, birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa, bayan kisan kiyashin Munich a wasannin 1972]] Siyasa ta sake shiga tsakani a [[1972 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1972]] da aka gudanar a Munich, amma a wannan karon hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'addar Falasɗinawa mai suna Black September ta kutsa cikin ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympic, sannan ta shiga ɗakin tawagar Isra'ila. Sun kashe Isra'ilawa biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu tara, suna neman Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni da dama. Lokacin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatun 'yan ta'addan, lamarin ya rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai cike da tashin hankali yayin da tattaunawa ke ci gaba. Daga ƙarshe, an ba masu garkuwar, waɗanda har yanzu suke riƙe da mutanen da suka yi garkuwa da su, damar tsira lafiya, sannan aka kai su wani filin jirgin sama, inda jami'an tsaron Jamus suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A musayar wutar da ta biyo baya, mutane 15 suka mutu, ciki har da 'yan wasan Isra'ila tara da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma biyar daga cikin 'yan ta'addan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 26: The terrorist outrage in Munich in 1972|date=2 May 2012|last=Burnton|first=Simon|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219001325/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan doguwar muhawara, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da wasannin, amma abin fahimta ne cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun mamaye harkokin wasannin.<ref name=Games1972/> Duk da haka, an samu wasu fitattun nasarorin wasanni a lokacin wasannin, musamman nasarar ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Mark Spitz, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare guda bakwai, adadin da ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin; Lasse Virén na Finland ya lashe zinare a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000 a jere; sannan fitacciyar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Tarayyar Soviet Olga Korbut ta lashe lambobin zinare guda uku, ciki har da yin wani juyawa a iska na tarihi daga kan sandar motsa jiki ta sama. A wasan ƙarshe na kwallon kwando na maza, Amurka ta sha kashi a hannun Tarayyar Soviet, a wani wasa da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tarihin kwallon kwando na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|title= USA Basketball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822182059/http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|archive-date=22 August 2007}}</ref> A cikin wani wasa mai tsananin fafatawa, tawagar Amurka ta yi kama da ta yi nasara da maki 50–49. Sai dai alkalai sun maimaita daƙiƙu ukun ƙarshe na wasan sau uku, har sai da tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara da ci 51–50.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 years, 120 stories (Part 15) : Soviets beat the Americans amidst controversies involving communist judges|date=3 March 2016|url=http://sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062628/https://www.sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, tawagar Amurka ta ƙi karɓar lambobin azurfarsu. Babu irin wannan mummunan bala'i a Wasannin Montreal na [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]], amma rashin kyakkyawan tsari da zamba sun sa kuɗin gudanar da wasannin ya yi matuƙar wuce kasafin kuɗin da aka tsara. Da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.5, kwatankwacin dala biliyan ${{Inflation|CA|1.5|1976|r=2}} a cikin shekarar {{Inflation-year|CA}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|title=Will Canada ever host another Olympics? If not, don't blame the 1976 Montreal Games|date=25 February 2019|last=Forrester|first=Nicole W.|newspaper=National Post|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url= https://megalodon.jp/2026-0330-2012-15/https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|archive-date=30 March 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html|title=Olympics worth the price tag? The Montreal Legacy|date=19 July 2012|last=Newton|first=Paula|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090945/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html}}</ref> Wasannin bazara na 1976 sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin wasannin Olympic har zuwa lokacin [[2014 Winter Olympics]], kuma na ɗan wani lokaci ya yi kama da cewa wasannin Olympic ba za su ƙara zama wani abu da za a iya gudanarwa ta fuskar kuɗi ba. Daga baya, an yi imanin cewa 'yan kwangila, waɗanda ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu mambobin Mafia ta Montreal ne, sun karkatar da makudan kuɗaɗe daga matakai daban-daban na kwangiloli, tare da samun riba ta hanyar maye gurbin kayan gini masu inganci da wasu masu rahusa da ƙarancin inganci. Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka wajen haifar da jinkiri, rashin ingancin gine-gine da kuma tsadar kuɗi fiye da kima. A shekarar 1988, ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan 'yan kwangilar, Giuseppe Zappia, "an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen zamba da suka samo asali daga aikinsa a wuraren wasannin Olympic bayan manyan shaidu biyu sun mutu kafin su ba da shaida a shari'arsa".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen H.|date=2009|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA551|page=551|isbn=978-0-470-83500-5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref> Kasashen Afirka da dama sun kaurace wa Wasannin 1976 a matsayin zanga-zanga kan wata ziyarar baya-bayan nan da tawagar rugby ta ƙasar New Zealand ta kai Afirka ta Kudu wadda tsarin wariyar launin fata na apartheid ke mulki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa|title=Montreal Olympics photo flashback: Boycott targeted New Zealand, South Africa|date=18 July 2016|last=Riga|first=Andy|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050323/https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa}}</ref> 'Yar wasan motsa jiki ta Romania Nadia Comăneci ta kafa tarihi lokacin da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar motsa jiki ta mata ta mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku guda biyu daga cikin huɗu da ake iya samu. Ta kuma lashe wasu gasa biyu na mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku biyu a wasan sandar daidaito da kuma maki cikakku a wasan sanduna marasa daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/|title=Moment in Time: 18 July, 1976 - Nadia Comaneci's perfect 10|date=25 September 2019|last=Bowman|first=Verity|website=The Telegraph|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002015903/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/}}</ref> Lasse Virén ya sake maimaita nasarar zinare biyu a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000, abin da ya sanya shi zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa lashe gasa biyu na nisan gudu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976|title=Finnish Lasse Viren's Olympic Gold Double-Double at Munich 1972 and Montreal 1976|date=22 May 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=Sunday Observer|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601191153/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976}}</ref> <!--Deleted image removed: [[File:1980 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|right|Closing Ceremony of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], in Moscow, [[Soviet Union]], with bear cub [[Misha]], the mascot of that year's games, flying into the sky.]] --> ===Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20=== Bayan mamayar [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1979, ƙasashe 66, ciki har da Amurka, Kanada, Jamus ta Yamma da Japan, sun [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|kaurace]] wa [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]] da aka gudanar a Moscow. Ƙasashe 80 ne suka halarci Wasannin Moscow – adadi mafi ƙanƙanta tun daga shekarar 1956. Kauracewar ta taimaka wajen sa Wasannin 1980 ba su samu yawan kulawar jama'a ba kuma ba su kasance masu tsananin gasa ba, inda ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ta mamaye su. A cewar ɗan jaridar Birtaniya [[Andrew Jennings]], wani kanal na [[KGB]] ya bayyana cewa jami'an hukumar sun yi kamar su jami'an yaƙi da amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari ne daga IOC, domin kawo cikas ga gwaje-gwajen [[doping test|ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari]]. An kuma ce an "ceto" 'yan wasan Soviet sakamakon waɗannan manyan ƙoƙarin.<ref name=DG2011>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E6QIYvAQMDUC|title= Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping|first= Thomas M.|last= Hunt|date= 2011|publisher= University of Texas Press|isbn= 978-0-292-72328-3|page= 66 }}</ref> Dangane da [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]], wani bincike na Ostireliya da aka gudanar a shekarar 1989 ya ce "da kyar za ka samu wanda ya lashe lamba a Wasannin Moscow, musamman wanda ya lashe zinare, wanda ba ya amfani da wani nau'in ƙwaya; yawanci ma nau'o'i da dama. Da ma za a iya kiran Wasannin Moscow Wasannin Masana Kimiyyar Ƙwayoyi."<ref name=DG2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html|title=The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System.|last1=Aleksandrov|first1=Alexei|last2=Aleksandrov|first2=Grebeniuk|last3=Runets|first3=Volodymyr|publisher=|date=22 July 2020|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225193733/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html}}</ref> Takardun da aka samu a shekarar 2016 sun bayyana shirye-shiryen Tarayyar Soviet na kafa tsarin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari a faɗin ƙasar a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle domin shirye-shiryen [[1984 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1984]] a Los Angeles. Takardar, wadda aka rubuta kafin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar kaurace wa wasannin, ta yi bayani kan ayyukan da ake yi a lokacin wajen amfani da sinadaran steroid, tare da shawarwarin yadda za a ƙara inganta shirin.<ref name=NYT160813>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html|title=The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics|last=Ruiz|first=Rebecca R.|date=13 August 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184700/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html}}</ref> Dr. Sergei Portugalov na Cibiyar Ilimin Al'adu ta Jiki ne ya shirya wasiƙar da aka aika wa shugaban wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Tarayyar Soviet. Portugalov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka taka rawa wajen aiwatar da shirin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari na Rasha kafin [[2016 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 2016]].<ref name=NYT160813/> A shekarar 1984, Tarayyar Soviet da [[Eastern Bloc|ƙasashe 13 masu ƙawance da ita]] sun rama ta hanyar [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|kauracewa]] [[1984 Summer Olympics]] da aka gudanar a Los Angeles. [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] da [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] su ne ƙasashe biyu kacal daga Gabashin Turai da suka halarci Wasannin 1984. Wataƙila waɗannan wasannin su ne wasannin farko na wani sabon zamani da suka samu riba. Duk da cewa kauracewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta ta rage yawan 'yan wasa a wasu wasanni, Kwamitocin Olympic na ƙasa 140 ne suka halarta, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin.<ref name=Games1984/> Haka kuma, waɗannan wasannin su ne karo na farko da babban yankin China, wato Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ya shiga. [[1988 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1988]] da aka gudanar a Seoul an shirya su sosai, amma wasannin sun fuskanci matsala lokacin da 'yan wasa da dama, musamman wanda ya lashe tseren mita 100 na maza [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], suka fadi gwaje-gwajen tilas na ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari. Duk da kyawawan wasannin da 'yan wasa da dama suka yi ba tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi ba, yawan mutanen da suka fadi gwaje-gwajen sinadaran da ke ƙara ƙarfin wasa ya mamaye labaran wasannin. [[1992 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Barcelona na 1992]] sun ga shigar 'yan wasa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwararrun wasanni na Arewacin Amurka, wato [[NBA]], wanda ya shahara musamman ta hanyar "[[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Dream Team]]" na ƙwallon kwando na Amurka. Wasannin 1992 sun kuma ga sake komawar wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai cikin Wasannin, waɗanda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Occupation of the Baltic states|mamaye]] a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A waɗannan wasannin, ɗan wasan motsa jiki [[Vitaly Scherbo]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na lashe lambobin zinare guda biyar na mutum ɗaya a Wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ya yi daidai da tarihin farko da [[Eric Heiden]] ya kafa a [[1980 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 1980]]. A wannan lokaci, tsarin zaɓen wurin da za a gudanar da Wasannin ya zama wani lamari na kasuwanci; an samu zarge-zarge masu yawa na cin hanci da rashawa waɗanda ake zargin za su iya shafar tsarin yanke shawara na IOC. A Wasannin Atlanta na [[1996 Summer Olympics]], ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka faru shi ne yadda ɗan tseren mita [[200 metres]] [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] ya karya tarihin duniya a gaban magoya bayansa na gida. Mutanen Kanada sun yi farin ciki da gudun da [[Donovan Bailey]] ya yi wanda ya ba shi lambar zinare a tseren mita 100. An kuma samu lokuta masu cike da tausayawa, kamar lokacin da Muhammad Ali, wanda [[Parkinson's disease|cutar Parkinson]] ta shafa sosai, ya kunna wutar Olympic sannan aka ba shi wata sabuwar lambar yabo a madadin wadda ya jefar a shekarar 1960. An sayar da tikiti miliyan 8.3 na abubuwan wasannin a wannan Olympics, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi wanda ba a karya shi ba sai a shekarar 2024. Sai dai yanayin wasannin ya samu matsala lokacin da wata [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|bam ta fashe]] yayin bikin a Centennial Olympic Park. A watan Yunin 2003, an kama babban wanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan harin, [[Eric Robert Rudolph]]. [[File:2000 Sydney Women's long jump final.jpg|thumb|Wasannin [[2000 Summer Olympics]] a Sydney, Australia, an san su da suna "Wasannin Sabon Ƙarni".]] [[2000 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na 2000]], waɗanda aka gudanar a Sydney, Australia, sun nuna ƙwarewar 'yan wasa da dama, ciki har da fitattun 'yan wasan gida [[Ian Thorpe]] a wasan ninkaya da Cathy Freeman, wata 'yar asalin Ostireliya wadda nasararta a tseren mita [[400 metres]] ta haɗa kan ɗimbin jama'ar da suka cika filin wasa. Baturen nan [[Steve Redgrave]] ya lashe lambar zinare a wasan kwale-kwale, inda ya zama karo na biyar a jere da ya lashe zinare a wasannin Olympics, abin da ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba. Haka kuma, [[Eric Moussambani|Eric "the Eel" Moussambani]], ɗan wasan ninkaya daga Equatorial Guinea, ya samu babban kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ya kammala tseren ninkaya na mita 100 da lokaci mafi jinkiri da aka taɓa samu a tarihin Olympics. Duk da haka, ya lashe rukunin da ya shiga saboda abokan hamayyarsa biyu an cire su daga gasar sakamakon fara tseren kafin lokacin da aka tsara. 'Yar ƙasarsa [[Paula Barila Bolopa]] ita ma ta samu kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda jinkirin da ta yi da kuma yadda ta yi fama, amma ta nuna jarumtaka wajen kammala gasar. Wasannin Sydney sun kuma kasance karo na farko da tawagar haɗin gwiwa daga Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu ta bayyana tare a bukukuwan buɗe wasannin, duk da cewa sun fafata a dukkan wasannin a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An samu ce-ce-ku-ce a wasan motsa jiki na mata lokacin da aka gano cewa an sa sandar tsalle da ba daidai ba a lokacin gasar da ta haɗa dukkan fannoni. ===Farkon ƙarni na 21=== A shekara ta 2004, Gasar Olympics ta koma inda aka haife ta, wato Athens, Girka. An kashe aƙalla dala biliyan 7.2 wajen gudanar da Gasar 2004, ciki har da dala biliyan 1.5 kan tsaro. Michael Phelps ya lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya samu zinare shida da tagulla biyu. Pyrros Dimas, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla, ya zama ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi da ya fi kowa yawan lambobin yabo a tarihi, inda ya samu lambobin Olympics guda huɗu, zinare uku da tagulla ɗaya. Ko da yake rahotannin da ba su da tushe game da yiwuwar hare-haren ta'addanci sun sa jama'a suka nisanci wasannin farko a ƙarshen makon farko na Olympics (14–15 ga Agusta 2004), yawan masu kallo ya ƙaru yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. Ba a sayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tikitin ba,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|work=USA Today|title=Tickets to Olympic events in Beijing sold out|date=28 July 2008|access-date=24 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040248/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|archive-date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma har yanzu sayar da tikitin ta zarce adadin da aka samu a wasannin Olympics na Seoul da Barcelona (1988 da 1992). Shugaban IOC Jacques Rogge ya bayyana yadda Girka ta shirya gasar a matsayin abin ƙwarewa, sannan ya ce matakan tsaronta ba su da wani aibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rogge hails Athens success|date=29 August 2004|access-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=30 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830022624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm}}</ref> Dukkan kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa (NOCs) guda 202 sun halarci Gasar Athens tare da mahalarta sama da 11,000. An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An gabatar da sabbin wasanni da dama, ciki har da sabon fannin BMX ga maza da mata. Mata sun fara shiga gasar tseren steeplechase a karon farko. An faɗaɗa shirin wasan takobi domin ya ƙunshi dukkanin nau'o'i shida ga maza da mata; a baya, mata ba sa iya shiga gasar ƙungiyar foil ko sabre, yayin da aka cire gasar ƙungiyar épée ta mata da foil ta maza daga waɗannan wasanni. An ƙara gasar ninkaya ta marathon mai tazarar kilomita 10. Haka kuma, an maye gurbin wasannin biyu-biyu na wasan tebur da wasannin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name=2008program>{{cite news|title=Beijing 2008: Games Program Finalized|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2008-games-programme-finalised|date=27 April 2006|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Michael Phelps ya kafa tarihin lashe lambobin zinare takwas a Gasar Olympics guda ɗaya, sannan ya yi daidai da tarihin yawan lambobin zinare da ɗan wasa ɗaya ya taɓa samu, wanda Eric Heiden da Vitaly Scherbo suka riƙe a baya. Wani fitaccen ɗan wasan gasar shi ne ɗan tseren Jamaica Usain Bolt, wanda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya a wasan tseren mita 100 da 200 a gasar Olympics guda ɗaya. An gudanar da wasannin doki a Hong Kong. London ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics sau uku. A jawabinsa na rufe gasar, Jacques Rogge ya bayyana wasannin a matsayin "masu farin ciki da ɗaukaka". Ƙasar mai masaukin baki ta lashe lambobin zinare 29, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin da Birtaniya ta samu tun Gasar 1908 a London. Amurka ta koma saman teburin lambobin yabo bayan da Sin ta mamaye shi a 2008. IOC ta cire baseball da softball daga shirin wasannin 2012. Gasar London ta yi nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci domin ita ce ta farko a tarihi da aka sayar da dukkan tikitinta, inda aka samu buƙatun tikiti kusan miliyan ɗaya ga tikiti 40,000 na bikin buɗe gasar da kuma wasan ƙarshe na tseren mita 100 na maza. Saboda yawan buƙatar tikiti a dukkan matakan wasanni, an samu cece-kuce kan kujerun da aka ware wa masu ɗaukar nauyi da wakilan ƙasashe waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba a farkon kwanakin gasar. An samar da tsarin sake rarraba kujeru domin a cike kujerun da ba a yi amfani da su ba yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. ===Wasannin baya-bayan nan=== [[File:Drones durante a abertura das Olimpíadas de Tóquio.jpg|thumb|Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan, ta samu ƙarancin masu kallo sakamakon hana jama'a halartar wasannin saboda annobar COVID-19.]] Rio de Janeiro a Brazil ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, inda ta zama birni na farko a Kudancin Amurka da ya karɓi bakuncin Olympics, birni na biyu a Latin Amurka bayan Mexico City a 1968, sannan birni na uku a yankin Kudancin Duniya bayan Melbourne, Australia, a 1956 da Sydney, Australia, a 2000. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan wasanni sun kasance cikin inuwa saboda cece-kuce, ciki har da rashin kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da matsalar tattalin arziki a ƙasar mai masaukin baki, damuwar lafiya da tsaro da ta shafi kwayar cutar Zika, da kuma gurbatar muhalli mai yawa a Guanabara Bay. Sai dai daga baya wata badakalar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara ƙarfin jiki da gwamnati ta goyi baya da ta shafi 'yan wasan Rasha a Gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu da aka gudanar shekaru biyu kafin hakan ta fi mamaye waɗannan damuwar, kuma ta shafi halartar 'yan wasan ƙasar a waɗannan wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|title=Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2009|access-date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004101815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm}}</ref> An shirya gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan. Birnin ya zama na biyar a tarihi da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu, sannan birni na farko a Asiya da ya samu wannan matsayi. Saboda annobar COVID-19, Firaministan Japan na lokacin Shinzo Abe, IOC da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo sun sanar da cewa za a ɗage wasannin 2020 zuwa 2021, wanda ya kasance karo na farko da aka ɗage Gasar Olympics. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun 1900 da ba a gudanar da wasannin a shekarar da take da kwanaki 366 ba, maimakon haka aka gudanar da su a shekarar da ba ta da kwanaki 366. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics na baya ba, an gudanar da waɗannan wasanni ba tare da masu kallo ba saboda damuwar COVID-19 da kuma dokar ta-baci da aka sanya a birnin mai masaukin baki.<ref name=postponement>{{cite web|title=Tokyo 2020: Olympic and Paralympic Games postponed because of coronavirus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413131543/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/52020134}}</ref><ref name=postponement2>{{Cite web|last1=McCurry|first1=Justin|last2=Ingle|first2=Sean|title=Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic|work=The Guardian|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173934/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|last2=McCurry|first2=Justin|date=8 July 2021|title=Spectators banned from most Olympic events as Covid emergency declared|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games|access-date=8 July 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717130447/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games}}</ref> Duk da haka, Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo 2020 ta ƙunshi lokuta masu tarihi da dama da kuma bajintar fasaha. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar, 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Amurka Simone Biles, ta janye daga wasu wasanni domin ta mai da hankali kan lafiyar tunaninta, amma daga baya ta dawo ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mutum ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/|title=Will Tokyo Olympics be a game-changer in how we view athletes' mental health?|first=Josh|last=Peter|website=USA Today|date=8 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828111252/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/}}</ref> Dan tseren Norway Karsten Warholm ya karya nasa tarihin duniya a tseren mita 400 da shinge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles|title=Norway's Karsten Warholm breaks world record to win gold in men's 400m hurdles|date=27 June 2023|website=Olympics.com|access-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703092517/https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles}}</ref> An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa, inda Paris ta zama birni na biyu bayan London da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1900 da 1924, wanda ya kasance cikar shekaru 100 tun daga gasar ta ƙarshe). Wannan ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko bayan annoba da ta ba da damar masu kallo su halarta. A karon farko, an gudanar da bikin buɗe gasar a wajen babban filin wasa, inda 'yan wasa suka yi fareti a cikin kwale-kwale a kan Kogin Seine. Bayan haka, an kuma gudanar da gasar ninkaya a ruwa a cikin Kogin Seine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=France halves crowd numbers for Olympics opening ceremony on River Seine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|access-date=1 February 2024|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131130653/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Paris 2024 ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko a tarihi da ta samu cikakken daidaiton jinsi a fagen wasanni, inda adadin 'yan wasan maza da mata ya kasance iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masterson|first=Victoria|date=5 April 2024|title=How Paris 2024 aims to become the first-ever gender-equal Olympics |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821221141/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|archive-date=21 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024|work=World Economic Forum}}</ref> ===Wasannin nan gaba=== Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2028 a Los Angeles, California, Amurka, wanda zai zama birni na uku (bayan Paris (1900, 1924, 2024) da London (1908, 1948, 2012)) da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1932 da 1984), sannan Amurka za ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara a karo na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2019|title=Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105932/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|archive-date=15 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2032 a Brisbane, Australia, wanda zai zama birni na uku a Australia da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin, sannan birni na huɗu a kudancin layin ekweta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snape|first=Jack|date=10 September 2021|title=Billion-dollar Brisbane Cricket Ground redevelopment that 'almost lost' 2032 Games bid at heart of new Olympics funding fight|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-11/brisbane-olympics-2032-gabba-redevelopment-funding/100453934|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> ==Wasanni== {{Main|Wasannin Olympics}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, an haɗa jimillar wasanni 44, waɗanda suka ƙunshi fannoni 65, a cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a wani lokaci ko wani a tarihin gasar. Shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na baya-bayan nan ([[2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]) ya ƙunshi wasanni 32, yayin da aka tsara wasanni 36 don wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na gaba ([[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]). A cikinsu, wasanni biyu za su fara bayyana a karon farko (ƙwallon ƙafa ta tutar (flag football) da squash), sannan za a ƙara wasu fannoni biyu (gasar tuƙin kwale-kwale ta bakin teku da lacrosse sixes). Bugu da ƙari, wasan tsere kan kankara (figure skating) da wasan hockey kan kankara sun kasance cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a farko (figure skating a shekarun 1908 da 1920, da hockey kan kankara a shekarar 1920) kafin a mayar da su zuwa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu. An haɗa ƙungiyoyin wasanni daban-daban na Olympics a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya guda mai suna [[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations]] (ASOIF). A cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa, an raba wasannin ruwa, baseball da softball, ƙwallon kwando, rugby da volleyball zuwa fannoni daban-daban. {{legend inline|white|Wasanni na yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Ba a ƙara haɗa su ba}} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- |valign="top"| {|class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Wasanni||Shekaru |- |3x3 basketball||Tun daga 2020 |- |Archery||1900–1908, 1920, tun daga 1972 |- |Artistic swimming||Tun daga 1984 |- |Athletics||Duk |- |Badminton||Tun daga 1992 |- |Baseball||1992–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Basketball||Tun daga 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Basque pelota||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Beach volleyball||Tun daga 1996 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Breaking||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2024 |- |Boxing||1904, 1908, tun daga 1920 |- |Canoeing||Tun daga 1936 |- |Cricket||1900, 2028 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Croquet||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Cycling||Duk |- |Diving||Tun daga 1904 |- |Equestrian||1900, tun daga 1912 |- |Fencing||Duk |- |Field hockey||1908, 1920, tun daga 1928 |- |Flag football||2028 |- |Football||1900–1928, tun daga 1936 |- |Golf||1900, 1904, tun daga 2016 |- |Gymnastics||Duk |- |Handball||1936, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Jeu de paume||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Judo||1964, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Karate||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2020 |- |Lacrosse||1904, 1908, 2028 |- |Marathon swimming||Tun daga 2008 |- |Modern pentathlon||Tun daga 1912 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Polo||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rackets||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Roque||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1904 |- |Rowing||Tun daga 1900 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rugby union||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924 |- |Rugby sevens||Tun daga 2016 |- |Sailing||1900, tun daga 1908 |- |Shooting||1896, 1900, 1908–1924, tun daga 1932 |- |Skateboarding||Tun daga 2020 |- |Softball||1996–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Sport climbing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Squash||2028 |- |Surfing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Swimming||Duk |- |Table tennis||Tun daga 1988 |- |Taekwondo||Tun daga 2000 |- |Tennis||1896–1924, tun daga 1988 |- |Triathlon||Tun daga 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Tug of war||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900–1920 |- |Volleyball||Tun daga 1964 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Water motorsports||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Water polo||Tun daga 1900 |- |Weightlifting||1896, 1904, tun daga 1920 |- |Wrestling||1896, tun daga 1904 |} |} ===Cancantar shiga gasar=== Ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga kowanne daga cikin wasannin Olympics ana tsara su ne ta Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya (IF) wadda ke kula da gasar wasannin ta duniya.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sports Federations|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/international-federations|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> A wasannin mutum ɗaya, 'yan wasa sukan cancanci shiga gasar ta hanyar samun wani matsayi a babban taron gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma a jerin matsayi na IF. Akwai ƙa'ida ta gama-gari cewa ba za a iya samun fiye da 'yan wasa uku na mutum ɗaya daga kowace ƙasa a kowace gasa ba. Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa (NOCs) na iya shigar da adadi iyakantacce na 'yan wasan da suka cancanta a kowace gasa. NOC ce ke yanke shawarar waɗanne 'yan wasa da suka cancanta za ta zaɓa a matsayin wakilai a kowace gasa idan 'yan wasa da yawa sun kai matsayin cancantar fiye da adadin da za a iya shigarwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Committees|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/national-olympic-committees|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe galibi suna cancantar shigar da ƙungiyoyinsu a wasannin ƙungiya ta hanyar gasannin neman gurbin shiga na nahiyoyi, inda kowace ƙungiyar nahiyoyi ake ba ta wani adadi na gurabe a gasar Olympics. Kowace ƙasa ba za ta iya samun wakilci da fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya a kowace gasa ba. A wasu wasanni, ƙungiya tana ƙunshe da mutane biyu kacal. Ana iya bai wa wasu [[National Olympic Committee|Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa]], waɗanda ƙasashensu ba su samu isassun wakilai ba bayan cancantar shiga gasar, guraben gayyata na musamman, waɗanda ake kira ''Universality Places'', a wasu wasannin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/what-are-universality-places-and-who-can-obtain-one|title=What are Universality Places and who can obtain one?|date=10 May 2024|first=Matthew|last=Nelson|website=Olympics.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> ===Shaharar wasannin Olympics=== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) yana raba wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara zuwa rukuni biyar (A – E) bisa ga shahararsu, ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunai guda shida: yawan masu kallon talabijin (40%), shahararsu a intanet (20%), binciken ra'ayin jama'a (15%), buƙatun tikiti (10%), ɗaukar labarai a kafafen yaɗa labarai (10%), da adadin ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa (5%). Rukunin da aka sanya wasa a ciki yana ƙayyade kaso na kuɗaɗen shiga na Olympics da Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya ta wannan wasa za ta samu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Athletics to share limelight as one of top Olympic sports|url=http://www.qt.com.au/news/atheltics-share-limelight-one-top-olympic-sports/1889097/|newspaper=The Queensland Times|date=31 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Winners Include Gymnastics, Swimming – and Wrestling – as IOC Announces New Funding Distribution Groupings|work=[[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations|ASOIF]]|url=http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|date=29 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|last=Murray|first=Callum|location=St Petersburg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225220/http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanya wasannin da suka fara bayyana a Olympics na 2016 (rugby da golf) cikin rukuni na E. Rukunonin na yanzu su ne: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rukuni !! Adadi !! Wasanni |- |align=center|A||align=center|3||athletics, aquatics,{{ref label|a|a}} gymnastics |- |align=center|B||align=center|5||basketball, cycling, football, tennis, volleyball |- |align=center|C||align=center|8||archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table tennis, weightlifting |- |align=center|D||align=center|9||canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling |- |align=center|E||align=center|3||modern pentathlon, golf, rugby |- |align=center|F||align=center|6||baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing |- |} <span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}}Wasannin ruwa sun ƙunshi fannoni na artistic swimming, diving, marathon swimming, swimming da water polo.</span> ==Jadawalin lambobin yabo na kowane lokaci== Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da bayanan hukuma da [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] ta bayar. {{legend|BurlyWood|'''Ƙasa da ta daina wanzuwa'''}}''<small>Matsayi bayan wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2024</small>'' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width:75%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Matsayi !!Ƙasa !! style="background-color:gold;"|Zinariya !! style="background-color:silver;"|Azurfa !! style="background-color:#c96;"|Tagulla !!Jimilla !!Wasannin da ta halarta |- !1 |align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}}||1105||879||780||2764||29 |- !2 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|URS}}||395||319||296||1010||9 |- !3 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CHN}}||303||226||198||727||12 |- !4 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}}||298||340||343||981||30 |- !5 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}}||239||277||299||815||29 |- !6 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}}||229||201||228||658||29 |- !7 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}}||213||220||255||688||18 |- !8 |align="left"|{{flagicon|JPN}}||189||162||191||542||24 |- !9 |align="left"|{{flagicon|HUN}}||187||161||182||530||28 |- !10 |align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}}||182||192||226||600||28 |- !11 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|GDR}}||153||129||127||409||5 |- !12 |align="left"|{{flagicon|SWE}}||151||181||182||514||28 |- !13 |align="left"|{{flagicon|RUS}}||147||126||150||423||6 |- !14 |align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}}||110||112||134||356||28 |- !15 |align="left"|{{flagicon|KOR}}||109||100||111||320||19 |- !16 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}}||101||85||119||305||27 |- !17 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ROU}}||93||101||123||317||23 |- !18 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CUB}}||86||70||88||244||22 |- 21 68 84 132 284 !19 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}}||80||117||156||353||28 |- !20 |align="left"|{{flagicon|POL}}||73||93||142||308||23 |- |} ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {{Main|List of Olympic medal leaders by year}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Olympic rings.svg|30px]] '''Jadawalin lambobin yabo na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|na kowane lokaci]] [[List of Olympic medal leaders by year#Summer Olympics|da ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1896 Summer Olympics medal table|1896]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1896 Summer}} * [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|1900]]: {{flag IOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} * [[1904 Summer Olympics medal table|1904]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1904 Summer}} * [[1908 Summer Olympics medal table|1908]]: {{flag IOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} * [[1912 Summer Olympics medal table|1912]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1912 Summer}} * [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|1920]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1920 Summer}} * [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|1924]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1924 Summer}} * [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|1928]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1928 Summer}} * [[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|1932]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1932 Summer}} * [[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|1936]]: {{flag IOC|GER|1936 Summer}} * [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|1948]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1948 Summer}} * [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|1952]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1952 Summer}} * [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|1956]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1956 Summer}} * [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|1960]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1960 Summer}} * [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|1964]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1964 Summer}} * [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|1968]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1968 Summer}} * [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|1972]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1972 Summer}} * [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|1976]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1976 Summer}} * [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|1980]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1980 Summer}} * [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|1984]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1984 Summer}} * [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|1988]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1988 Summer}} * [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|1992]]: {{flag IOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} * [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|1996]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1996 Summer}} * [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|2000]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2000 Summer}} * [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|2004]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2004 Summer}} * [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|2008]]: {{flag IOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} * [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|2012]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2012 Summer}} * [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|2016]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2016 Summer}} * [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|2020]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2020 Summer}} * [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table|2024]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2024 Summer}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} '''Yawan lokutan da suka samu matsayi na farko''' {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- !Matsayi !Ƙasa !Adadin wasannin |- |1||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|USA}}||Sau 19 |- |2||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|URS}}||Sau 6 |- |rowspan=5|3||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|CHN}}||rowspan=5|Sau 1 |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|FRA}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GBR}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GER}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|EUN}} |- |} ==Jerin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) bai taɓa yanke shawarar waɗanne wasanni na farkon gasannin ne suka kasance na "Olympics" da waɗanda ba haka ba ba.<ref name=KLWT>{{cite book|first1=Karl|last1=Lennartz|first2=Walter|last2=Teutenberg|title=Olympische Spiele 1900 in Paris|publisher=Agon-Sportverlag|location=Kassel, Germany|page=147|date=1995|isbn=3-928562-20-7|quote=In many works, it is read that the IOC later met to decide which events were Olympic and which were not. This is not correct and no decision has ever been made. No discussion of this item can be found in the account of any Session.}}</ref> Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya kafa wasannin Olympics na zamani, ya bar wannan hukunci ga waɗanda suka shirya waɗannan wasannin. {{sticky-header}} {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2"|<!--Please DO NOT change this to year. The year is part of the Date column, and is the same as this column only for the most part. This column says 2020 is the Olympiad and the Date column says they were held in July-August 2021.-->Zangon Olympics ! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Na.|Lambar zangon Olympics}} ! colspan="2"|Mai masaukin baƙi ! rowspan="2"|Kwanakin gasar /<br/>Wanda ya buɗe ta ! rowspan="2"|Wasanni<br/>(Fannoni) ! colspan="3"|Masu fafatawa ! rowspan="2"|Gasa ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasashe ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasar da ta fi samun lambobin yabo |- !Birni !Ƙasa !Jimilla !Maza !Mata |- |1896<ref name=Games1896/> |{{sort|01|[[1896 Summer Olympics|I]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}} |6–15 Afrilu 1896<br/>[[List of kings of Greece|Sarki]] [[George I of Greece]] |9 (10)||241||241||0||43||14{{efn|name=Mixed Team|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896 1896], [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900 1900] da [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904 1904] bai ƙirga ƙungiyoyin gauraye (ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa daga ƙasashe daban-daban) a matsayin wata ƙasa ta daban ba yayin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarta. A lokaci guda, IOC yana nuna ƙungiyoyin gauraye a sakamakon gasannin da suka fafata. Saboda haka, adadin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka bayyana tare da ƙungiyoyin gauraye su ne suka halarci wasannin.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1896 Summer}} |- |1900<ref name=Games1900/> |{{sort|02|[[1900 Summer Olympics|II]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |14 Mayu – 28 Oktoba 1900<br/>[[Pierre de Coubertin|Baron Pierre de Coubertin]] |19 (21)||1,226||1,202||24{{efn|A wani lokaci da ya gabata, ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ta nuna gasannin neman lambobin yabo 85, ƙasashe 24 da 'yan wasa 997 (mata 22 da maza 975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Sports, Athletes {{!}} Médailles, Résultats, Sports et Athlètes des Jeux Olympiques|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150828/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|url-status=dead }}</ref> Bill Mallon, masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci,<ref name="Mallon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inAwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1998|title = The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=25–28|isbn = 978-0-7864-4064-1}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun, ya ba da shawarar cewa gasanni 95 sun cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan (ƙuntatawa ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, halartar ƙasashen duniya, buɗewa ga dukkan masu fafatawa, da rashin amfani da tsarin nakasassu) kuma ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin gasannin Olympics. A watan Yuli 2021, IOC ta sabunta cikakkiyar ma'ajiyar bayanan sakamakon Olympics ta intanet, inda ta shigar da bayanan shafin masana tarihin Olympics, ''Olympedia.org'', a fili. Ta haka ta amince da shawarar Mallon (bisa ga ƙa'idoji huɗu da aka yi amfani da su) game da gasannin Olympics na 1900. An ƙara gasanni 11 waɗanda aka nuna sakamakonsu a tsohuwar ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC, a kan jimillar gasanni 85 da aka nuna a baya. An cire wata gasa ta harbin bindiga (bindigar soja ta mita 20, wadda gasa ce ta ƙwararru). Amincewa da shawarar Mallon ya ƙara adadin gasanni zuwa 95, sannan ya ƙara adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta zuwa 26 da 'yan wasa zuwa 1,226. Bayan sabunta ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta intanet, sashen sakamakon gasanni na shafin IOC ya ƙunshi gasanni 95.<ref name=IOC1900Results /> Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ya nuna jimillar gasannin neman lambobin yabo 95, ƙasashe 26 da 'yan wasa 1,226.<ref name=Games1900 /> Bugu da ƙari, takardar bayanan IOC mai suna "The Games of the Olympiad" ta watan Nuwamba 2021 ta ambaci gasanni 95, amma har yanzu tana amfani da tsoffin adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta (24) da 'yan wasa (997).<ref name=FactsheetGames/>}}||95||26{{efn|name=Mixed Team}}{{efn|A cewar Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, ƙasashe 26 ne suka tura masu fafatawa zuwa wannan bugu na gasar.<ref name=Games1900 /> A wancan lokaci, babu tsarin "ƙungiyoyin ƙasa" da Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa ke zaɓa. Lokacin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarci farkon gasannin Olympics, IOC ba ya la'akari da ƙasashen da ba su da wakilci kai tsaye, amma 'yan ƙasarsu suka fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe. Bincike na zamani ya nuna<ref name="Mallon"/> cewa a Olympics na 1900, 'yan wasa daga aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda ba su da wakilci kai tsaye (Canada, Luxembourg, Colombia da New Zealand) sun fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe a wasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya. Shafin IOC ya jera dukkan su a sashen sakamako bisa ga ƙasashensu,<ref name=IOC1900Results>{{cite web|title=Paris 1900 Results|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/results|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> amma bai haɗa ƙasashensu cikin ƙasashe 26 da suka halarta ba.<ref name=Games1900 />}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} |- |1904<ref name=Games1904/> |{{sort|03|[[1904 Summer Olympics|III]]}} |align=left|[[St. Louis]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1896}} |1 Yuli – 23 Nuwamba 1904<br/>[[List of governors of Missouri|Gwamna]] [[David R. Francis]] |16 (18)||651||645||6||95{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1904<ref name=Games1904/> ya sanya adadin gasanni 95, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|archive-date=2 June 2016|title=St. Louis 1904 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602114217/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> ya nuna 91. An samo adadin 91 daga aikin masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci Bill Mallon,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll16/id/1/|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1999|title = The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|page=16|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn = 9781476621609}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun. Gasannin da suka cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan na farkon ƙarni na 20 — waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, suka ba da damar halartar ƙasashen duniya, suka buɗe ga dukkan masu fafatawa, kuma ba su yi amfani da tsarin nakasassu ba — yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gasannin Olympics.}}||12{{efn|name=Mixed Team}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1904 Summer}} |- |1908<ref name=Games1908/> |{{sort|04|[[1908 Summer Olympics|IV]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |'''27 Afrilu – 31 Oktoba 1908'''<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[Edward VII]] |22 (25)||2,008||1,971||37||110||22 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} |- |1912<ref name=Games1912/> |{{sort|05|[[1912 Summer Olympics|V]]}} |align=left|[[Stockholm]] |align=left|{{flag|Sweden}} |6–22 Yuli 1912<br/>[[Monarchy of Sweden|Sarki]] [[Gustaf V]] |14 (18)||2,407||2,359||48||102||28 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1912 Summer}} |- |1916 |{{sort|06|[[1916 Summer Olympics|VI]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games|Ko da yake an soke wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1916, 1940 da 1944, an ci gaba da amfani da lambobin Roman na waɗannan wasannin saboda sunayen hukuma na wasannin lokacin bazara suna ƙirga zangon Olympics, ba wasannin kansu ba, kamar yadda Yarjejeniya ta Olympics ta tanada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Now You Know Big Book of Sports|first=Doug|last=Lennox|author-link=Doug Lennox|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/223 223]|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|isbn=978-1-55488-454-4|url=https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9|url-access=registration }}</ref> Wannan ya bambanta da wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu, waɗanda ba sa ƙirga wasannin lokacin hunturu na 1940 da 1944 da aka soke a cikin lambar jerinsu.}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}} ! colspan="8"|''An soke saboda [[World War I]]'' |- |1920<ref name=Games1920/> |{{sort|07|[[1920 Summer Olympics|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Antwerp]] |align=left|{{flag|Belgium}} |14 Agusta – 12 Satumba 1920<br/>[[Monarchy of Belgium|Sarki]] [[Albert I of Belgium]] |22 (29)||2,626||2,561||65||156{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1920<ref name=Games1920/> ya nuna gasanni 156, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|title=Antwerp 1920 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125827/http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=2 June 2016 }}</ref> ya nuna 154 (bambancin ya kasance gasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a [[Amsterdam]]).}}||39 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1920 Summer}} |- |1924<ref name=Games1924/> |{{sort|08|[[1924 Summer Olympics|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |5–27 Yuli 1924<br/>[[President of France|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gaston Doumergue]] |17 (23)||3,089||2,954||135||126||44 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1924 Summer}} |- |1928<ref name=Games1928/> |{{sort|09|[[1928 Summer Olympics|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Amsterdam]] |align=left|{{flag|Netherlands}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1928<br/>[[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |rowspan="2"|14 (20)||2,883||2,606||277||109||46 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1928 Summer}} |- |1932<ref name=Games1932/> |{{sort|10|[[1932 Summer Olympics|X]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1912}} |30 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1932<br/>[[Vice President of the United States|Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Charles Curtis]] |1,332||1,206||126||117||37 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1932 Summer}} |- |1936<ref name=Games1936/> |{{sort|11|[[1936 Summer Olympics|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |1–16 Agusta 1936<br/>[[Chancellor of Germany|Kansila]] [[Adolf Hitler]] |19 (25)||3,963||3,632||331||129||49 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GER|1936 Summer}} |- |1940 |{{sort|12|[[1940 Summer Olympics|XII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]]<br />[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<br />{{flag|Finland}} !colspan="8"|''An fara ba Japan damar shirya gasar, daga baya aka ba Finland. An soke saboda [[World War II]]'' |- |1944 |{{sort|13|[[1944 Summer Olympics|XIII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |rowspan="2"|[[London]] |rowspan="2"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} !colspan="8"|''An soke saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' |- |1948<ref name=Games1948/> |{{sort|14|[[1948 Summer Olympics|XIV]]}} |29 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1948<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[George VI]] |rowspan="4"|17 (23)||4,104||3,714||390||136||59 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1948 Summer}} |- |1952<ref name=Games1952/> |{{sort|15|[[1952 Summer Olympics|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Finland}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1952<br/>[[President of Finland|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |4,955||4,436||519||149||69 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} |- |1956<ref name=Games1956/> |{{sort|16|[[1956 Summer Olympics|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]]<br />[[Stockholm]]{{efn|An gudanar da [[Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics|gasannin hawan dawakai]] a Stockholm, Sweden, watanni da dama kafin sauran gasannin da aka yi a Melbourne saboda dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Ostiraliya. Stockholm ta nemi izinin karɓar gasannin hawan dawakai daban.}} |align=left|{{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |22 Nuwamba – 8 Disamba 1956<br/>[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |3,314||2,938||376||151{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1956<ref name=Games1956/> ya nuna jimillar gasanni 151 (gasanni 145 a Melbourne da gasannin hawan dawakai guda shida a [[Stockholm]]).}}||72{{efn|Ƙasashe biyar daga cikin ƙasashe 72 da suka fafata a gasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm ba su halarci babban taron wasannin da aka yi a Melbourne ba.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1956 Summer}} |- |1960<ref name=Games1960/> |{{sort|17|[[1960 Summer Olympics|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Rome]] |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |25 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1960<br/>[[President of Italy|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Giovanni Gronchi]] |5,338||4,727||611||150||83 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1960 Summer}} |- |1964<ref name=Games1964/> |{{sort|18|[[1964 Summer Olympics|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}} |10–24 Oktoba 1964<br/>[[Emperor of Japan|Sarki]] [[Hirohito]] |19 (25)||5,151||4,473||678||163||93 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1964 Summer}} |- |1968<ref name=Games1968/> |{{sort|19|[[1968 Summer Olympics|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Mexico City]] |align=left|{{flag|Mexico}} |12–27 Oktoba 1968<br/>[[President of Mexico|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] |18 (24)||5,516||4,735||781||172||112 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1968 Summer}} |- |1972<ref name=Games1972/> |{{sort|20|[[1972 Summer Olympics|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Munich]] |align=left|{{flag|West Germany}} |26 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1972{{efn|An tsara wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972 su ƙare a ranar 10 Satumba 1972, amma an ɗage su da kwana ɗaya zuwa 11 Satumba, bayan dakatar da gasannin na tsawon sa'o'i 34 sakamakon [[Munich massacre]], wanda ya faru bayan rana ta 9.}}<br/>[[President of Germany|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustav Heinemann]] |21 (28)||7,134||6,075||1,059||195||121 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1972 Summer}} |- |1976<ref name=Games1976/> |{{sort|21|[[1976 Summer Olympics|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Montreal]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |17 Yuli – 1 Agusta 1976<br/>[[Monarchy of Canada|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |rowspan="2"|21 (27)||6,084||4,824||1,260||198||92 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1976 Summer}} |- |1980<ref name=Games1980/> |{{sort|22|[[1980 Summer Olympics|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Moscow]] |align=left|{{flag|Soviet Union}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1980<br/>[[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Shugaban Presidium]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]]{{efn|Bayanan IOC sun nuna cewa Brezhnev ya buɗe wasannin Moscow a matsayin "Shugaban ƙasa", taken da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ga shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet, ko shugaban ƙasa a bisa doka. (Ba a ƙirƙiri ofishin [[President of the Soviet Union]] ba sai a shekarar 1990, shekara guda kafin ƙasar ta [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|rarrabu]].)<ref name=FactsheetSOG>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad|pages=4–5|date=6 October 2021|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212924/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref>}} |5,179||4,064||1,115||203||80 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1980 Summer}} |- |1984<ref name=Games1984/> |{{sort|23|[[1984 Summer Olympics|XXIII]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1984<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Ronald Reagan]] |21 (29)||6,829||5,263||1,566||221||140 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} |- |1988<ref name=Games1988/> |{{sort|24|[[1988 Summer Olympics|XXIV]]}} |align=left|[[Seoul]] |align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}} |17 Satumba – 2 Oktoba 1988<br/>[[President of South Korea|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] |23 (31)||8,391||6,197||2,194||237||159 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} |- |1992<ref name=Games1992/> |{{sort|25|[[1992 Summer Olympics|XXV]]}} |align=left|[[Barcelona]] |align=left|{{flag|Spain}} |25 Yuli – 9 Agusta 1992<br/>[[Monarchy of Spain|Sarki]] [[Juan Carlos I]] |25 (34)||9,356||6,652||2,704||257||169 |align=left|{{flagIOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} |- |1996<ref name=Games1996/> |{{sort|26|[[1996 Summer Olympics|XXVI]]}} |align=left|[[Atlanta]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |19 Yuli - 4 Agusta 1996<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Bill Clinton]] |26 (37)||10,318||'''6,806'''||3,512||271||197 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1996 Summer}} |- |2000<ref name=Games2000/> |{{sort|27|[[2000 Summer Olympics|XXVII]]}} |align=left|[[Sydney]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |15 Satumba – 1 Oktoba 2000<br/>[[Governor-General of Australia|Gwamna-Janar Sir]] [[William Deane]] |rowspan="2"|28 (40)||10,651||6,582||4,069||300||199 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2000 Summer}} |- |2004<ref name=Games2004/> |{{sort|28|[[2004 Summer Olympics|XXVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Greece}} |13–29 Agusta 2004<br/>[[President of Greece|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]] |10,625||6,296||4,329||301||201 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2004 Summer}} |- |2008<ref name=Games2008/> |{{sort|29|[[2008 Summer Olympics|XXIX]]}} |align=left|[[Beijing]] |align=left|{{flag|China}} |8–24 Agusta 2008<br/>[[President of China|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Hu Jintao]] |28 (41)||10,942||6,305||4,637||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} |- |2012<ref name=Games2012/> |{{sort|30|[[2012 Summer Olympics|XXX]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |27 Yuli – 12 Agusta 2012<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |26 (39)||10,768||5,992||4,776||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2012 Summer}} |- |2016<ref name=Games2016/> |{{sort|31|[[2016 Summer Olympics|XXXI]]}} |align=left|[[Rio de Janeiro]] |align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |5–21 Agusta 2016<br/>[[President of Brazil|Mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Michel Temer]] |28 (42)||11,238||6,179||5,059||306||'''207''' |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer}} |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|[[2020 Summer Olympics|XXXII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 Yuli – 8 Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin tun farko daga 24 Yuli zuwa 9 Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kiran taron wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna zangon Olympics na 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zangon Olympics na shekaru |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|XXXII}} |align=left|Tokyo |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin ne tun farko daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda annobar COVID-19. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kiran taron da sunan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna Olimpiad ta 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zagayowar Olimpiad na shekaru huɗu.<ref name=postponement/>}}<br/>[[Sarkin Japan|Sarki]] Naruhito |33 (50)||'''11,476'''||5,982||'''5,494'''||339||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2020 Summer}} |- |2024<ref name=Games2024/> |{{sort|33|XXXIII}} |align=left|Paris |align=left|{{flag|France}} |26 ga Yuli – 11 ga Agusta 2024<br/>[[Shugaban Faransa|Shugaba]] Emmanuel Macron |32 (48)||10,714||5,357||5,357||329||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2024 Summer}} |- |''2028''<ref name=Games2028/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2029; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|34|''XXXIV''}} |align=left|''Los Angeles'' |align=left|''{{flag|United States}}'' |''14–30 ga Yuli 2028<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT add president or vice president; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the other column headings.--> |'''36 (51)'''||''11,198''{{efn|name=LA28quota|Shirin wasannin LA28 ya kiyaye adadin ’yan wasa na asali 10,500, tare da ƙarin guraben ’yan wasa 698 da aka ware wa wasannin zaɓi guda biyar da kwamitin shirya LA28 ya gabatar. Jimillar ta ƙunshi ’yan wasa maza 5,167 da mata 5,333. Wannan zai kasance karo na farko da wasannin Olympics za su ƙunshi mata fiye da maza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/la28-event-programme-marks-strong-commitment-towards-innovation-and-gender-equality|title=LA28 event programme marks strong commitment towards innovation and gender equality|date=9 April 2025|website=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>}}||''5,167''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||''5,333''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||'''353'''||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2032''<ref name=Games2032/> |{{sort|35|''XXXV''}} |align=left|''Brisbane'' |align=left|''{{flag|Australia}}'' |''23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2032<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT change these dates of 2032 or add current spouse of the king; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the column headings.--> |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2036''<ref name=Games2036/> |{{sort|36|''XXXVI''}} | | |''Ba a sanar ba'' |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} pnivq5yazfpnzah5grrqg6ad28cfv2z 966087 966085 2026-10-11T07:34:09Z Nura Bello 24854 966087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''Olympics na ba'zara''' ko '''Wasannin Olympiad''', wani babban taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a duk bayan shekaru huɗu. An gudanar da wasannin farko ne a shekarar 1896 a Athens, wadda a lokacin take cikin Masarautar Girka, yayin da aka gudanar da na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2024 a Paris, Faransa. Wannan shi ne taron wasanni na ƙasashen duniya na farko mai irin wannan tsari, wanda Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) ya shirya, wanda Pierre de Coubertin ya kafa.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Summer Olympic Games {{!}} Dates, Locations, Facts, & Athletes {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Summer-Olympic-Games|access-date=2 August 2024|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> An fara al'adar bayar da lambobin yabo a shekarar 1904; a kowane taron Olympics, ana ba da lambar zinare ga wanda ya zo na farko, lambar azurfa ga wanda ya zo na biyu, da lambar tagulla ga wanda ya zo na uku. An ƙirƙiri Wasannin Olympics na hunturu ne sakamakon nasarar Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi daraja a cikin tarukan wasanni na ƙasashen duniya. Wasannin Olympics na bazara sun ƙaru sosai tun daga gasannin da suka ƙunshi wasanni 42 a shekarar 1896, tare da maza masu fafatawa ƙasa da 250 daga ƙasashe 14, zuwa wasanni 339 a shekarar 2021 (Wasannin Olympics na 2020), tare da masu fafatawa 11,319 (kusan rabinsu mata) daga ƙasashe 206. An gudanar da wasannin a ƙasashe 19 a nahiyoyi biyar: sau huɗu a Amurka (1904, 1932, 1984, da 1996), sau uku a Birtaniya (1908, 1948, da 2012) da Faransa (1900, 1924, da 2024), sau biyu a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Girka (1896 da 2004), Jamus (1936 da 1972), Australia (1956 da 2000), da Japan (1964 da 2020), sannan sau ɗaya a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italiya (1960), Mexico (1968), Kanada (1976), Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Koriya ta Kudu (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), da Brazil (2016). London da Paris sun karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku, yayin da Los Angeles, Athens, da Tokyo kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu; Los Angeles za ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-in-agreeing-to-award-2024-and-2028-olympic-games-at-the-same-time|date=11 July 2017|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku ne kawai suka samu aƙalla lambar yabo guda ɗaya a dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara: Australia, Faransa, da Birtaniya. Birtaniya ce kaɗai ta samu aƙalla lambar zinare a kowane bugu na wasannin. Amurka ce ke kan gaba a jimillar lambobin yabo na dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ta kasance a saman jadawalin lambobin yabo sau 19, sai Tarayyar Soviet (sau bakwai, ciki har da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1992), sannan Faransa, Birtaniya, Jamus, da China (sau ɗaya kowannensu). ==Karɓar bakuncin wasanni== [[File:Summer Olympics.svg|thumb|Taswirar wuraren da aka gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara – an yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya launin kore, yayin da aka yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu ko fiye launin shuɗi.]] Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau huɗu: wasannin 1904 a St. Louis, Missouri; wasannin 1932 da 1984 a Los Angeles, California; da wasannin 1996 a Atlanta, Georgia. Wasannin 2028 da za a gudanar a Los Angeles za su zama karo na biyar da Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara. A shekarar 1924, Paris ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu, yayin da a shekarar 2012, London ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau uku. Paris ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2024, yayin da Los Angeles za ta yi hakan a shekarar 2028. Tokyo (1964 da 2020) da Athens (1896 da 2004, ba tare da haɗa wasannin 1906 ba) kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu. Australia, Jamus, Girka, da Japan duk sun karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu (Australia za ta karɓi bakuncinsu karo na uku a shekarar 2032). Tokyo ce birni na farko a wajen ƙasashen da galibi ake magana da Turanci da kuma ƙasashen Turai da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schaffer|first1=Kay|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|date=2000|page=271}}</ref> ita ce kuma birni mafi girma da ya taɓa karɓar bakuncin wasannin, domin ta bunƙasa sosai tun daga shekarar 1964. Sauran ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara su ne Belgium, Brazil, Kanada, China, Finland, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Koriya ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Spain, da Sweden, inda kowace daga cikinsu ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya. Asiya ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau huɗu: a Tokyo (1964 da 2020), Seoul (1988), da Beijing (2008). Wasannin 2016 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, su ne wasannin Olympics na bazara na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Amurka, sannan su ne na farko da aka gudanar gaba ɗaya a lokacin da ake kira "hunturu" a yankin. Ƙasashe biyu ne kawai a yankin Kudancin Duniya suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin: Australia (1956, 2000, da kuma 2032) da Brazil (2016), yayin da har yanzu ba a taɓa gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara a Afirka ba. Stockholm, Sweden, ta karɓi bakuncin wasanni a lokuta biyu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1912 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin hawan dawakai na Olympics na bazara na 1956 (wanda dokokin keɓe masu zuwa ƙasa suka hana gudanarwa a Melbourne, Australia).<ref name="Games1956" /> Amsterdam, Netherlands, ita ma ta karɓi bakuncin wasu wasanni a Wasannin Olympics na bazara guda biyu, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1928 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin gasannin tseren jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1920. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, Hong Kong ta samar da wuraren gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai, waɗanda aka gudanar a Sha Tin da Kwu Tung. Karɓar bakuncin wasannin yana buƙatar manyan zuba jari a kayayyakin more rayuwa na birni, kuma yana hanzarta irin waɗannan zuba jarin.<ref name=jrs>{{Cite journal |last=Short |first=John R. |date=December 2008 |title=Globalization, cities and the Summer Olympics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810802478888 |journal=City |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=321–340 |doi=10.1080/13604810802478888 |bibcode=2008City...12..321S |issn=1360-4813}}</ref> A yanzu wasannin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsaren shugabannin birane na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar biranensu da sauran duniya da kuma gasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki.<ref name=jrs/> ==Tarihi== ===Shekarun farko=== [[File:1906 Intercalated Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a filin wasa na Panathenaic, Athens]] An kafa Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) a shekarar 1894, lokacin da Pierre de Coubertin, wani malamin Faransa kuma masanin tarihi, ya nemi inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar gasannin wasanni. An gudanar da bugu na farko na Wasannin Olympics a Athens a shekarar 1896, kuma ya jawo masu fafatawa 245 kawai, waɗanda sama da 200 daga cikinsu 'yan Girka ne, kuma ƙasashe 14 ne kawai suka halarta. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa shirya wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa mai girman wannan ba a baya. Ba a ba wa mata damar fafatawa ba, duk da cewa wata mace mai suna Stamata Revithi ta yi gudun tseren gudun fanfalaki ita kaɗai, tana mai cewa, "Idan kwamitin bai bar ni in fafata ba, zan bi su ko ta yaya".<ref name=Revithi>{{cite journal|author = Tarasouleas, Athanasios|date =Summer 1993|title = The Female Spiridon Loues|journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 11–12|url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|access-date = 26 June 2012|archive-date = 25 June 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625162746/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|url-status = dead }}</ref> Mata sun fara shiga gasanni a hukumance a wasannin Paris na shekarar 1900, inda mata 22 suka fafata a wasanni biyar. Shigar mata ta ƙaru sosai tun daga lokacin, inda kusan rabin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin baya-bayan nan mata ne.<ref name="britannica.com"/> Wasannin Olympics na 1896, waɗanda a hukumance aka sani da Wasannin Olympiad, wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya da aka gudanar a Athens, Girka, daga 6 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 1896. Su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a zamanin zamani. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin buɗe wasannin. 'Yan wasan sun fito daga ƙasashe 14, inda mafi yawansu suka fito daga Girka. Duk da cewa Girka ce ta fi yawan 'yan wasa, Amurka ce ta kammala da mafi yawan waɗanda suka zama zakarun wasanni; Amurkawa 11 ne suka zo na farko a wasanninsu, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Girka 10.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Swifter, Higher, Stronger|last = Macy|first = Sue|publisher = National Geographic|year = 2004|isbn = 0-7922-6667-6|location = Washington D.C., United States|pages = [https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16 16]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16}}</ref> Tsohuwar Girka ita ce mahaifar Wasannin Olympics, saboda haka aka ɗauki Athens a matsayin wurin da ya dace don gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko. An zaɓi Athens a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin wasannin baki ɗaya a wani taro da Pierre de Coubertin ya shirya a Paris, ranar 23 ga Yuni 1894. An kuma kafa IOC a wannan taron. Duk da matsaloli da koma-baya da dama, an ɗauki wasannin Olympics na 1896 a matsayin babban nasara. Wasannin sun samu halartar ƙasashe daban-daban fiye da kowane taron wasanni da aka gudanar kafin wannan lokaci. Filin wasa na Panathenaic, filin wasa na farko mai girma a duniyar zamani, ya cika makil da mafi yawan taron jama'a da suka taɓa kallon wani taron wasanni.<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=David C.|date=1996|title=The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5374-6|page=144}}</ref> Babban abin farin ciki ga 'yan Girka shi ne nasarar da ɗan ƙasarsu Spiridon Louis, mai ɗaukar ruwa, ya samu a tseren Marathon. Ya lashe gasar cikin sa'o'i 2, mintuna 58 da daƙiƙa 50, lamarin da ya jawo murna mai yawa a filin wasan. Wanda ya fi samun nasara a gasar shi ne Carl Schuhmann, ɗan Jamus, mai kokawa kuma ɗan wasan motsa jiki, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu. Jami'an Girka da jama'a sun nuna matuƙar farin ciki da kwarewar karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan wasan sun yi irin wannan ra'ayi, har ma suka nemi a mai da Athens birnin da zai riƙa karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na dindindin. IOC ta yi niyyar gudanar da wasannin da za su biyo baya a birane daban-daban a faɗin duniya. An gudanar da Olympics na biyu a Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 April 2020|title= 1896 Athina Summer Games|publisher= Sports Reference|access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Wasannin Olympics na 1900 a Paris sun jawo 'yan wasa fiye da sau huɗu na waɗanda suka halarta a baya, ciki har da mata 20, waɗanda aka ba su damar fafatawa a hukumance a karon farko a wasannin croquet, golf, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, da tennis. An haɗa wasannin da Baje kolin Duniya na Paris na shekarar 1900, kuma sun ɗauki sama da watanni biyar. An yi ta samun saɓani game da ainihin wasannin da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na Olympics, domin wasu wasannin na ƙwararru ne, wasu suna da ƙa'idojin cancanta na musamman, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da masu fafatawa daga ƙasashen duniya. [[File:Francis Field 1904.jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Francis Olympic Field na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1904]] [[File:Dorando Pietri 1908.jpg|thumb|Dorando Pietri yana kammala tseren Marathon na zamani a shekarar 1908, wanda aka gudanar a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu.]] Rikice-rikicen da yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya haifar da kuma wahalar tafiya zuwa St. Louis na iya zama sanadin halartar 'yan wasa kaɗan daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa daga wajen Amurka da Kanada a Wasannin Olympics na 1904, waɗanda su ne wasannin farko da aka gudanar a wajen Turai. An fara amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo uku na yanzu, wato zinare, azurfa, da tagulla ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu, da na uku, a Olympics na 1904.<ref name=FactsheetGames>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad|page=1|date=16 November 2021|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717170215/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da "Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya na Biyu a Athens", kamar yadda aka kira su a lokacin, a shekarar 1906.<ref name="lennartz">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|title=The 2nd International Olympic Games in Athens 1906|first=Karl|last=Lennartz|via=LA84 Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515105421/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A halin yanzu IOC ba ta amince da waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wasannin Olympics na hukuma ba, duk da cewa masana tarihi da dama sun amince da su, kuma suna ganin cewa wasannin 1906 sun taimaka wajen hana gushewar Olympics. Wasannin Athens na 1906 su ne na farko a cikin jerin wasannin da aka shirya gudanarwa a Athens a kowace shekara mai lamba ko da ba shekarar Olympics ba ce, amma ba a ci gaba da gudanar da wannan jerin wasannin ba. Wasannin sun fi na 1900 da 1904 nasara, inda sama da 'yan wasa 850 suka fafata, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar wasannin da suka biyo baya. Wasannin London na 1908 sun sake samun ƙarin masu fafatawa, tare da gudanar da tseren Marathon a karon farko a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, wato kilomita 42.195 (mil 26 da yadi 385). Tseren Marathon na farko a Olympics na 1896, wanda maza kawai suka fafata, an gudanar da shi a tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 24 da yadi 85). An zaɓi sabon tazarar Marathon ne domin a tabbatar cewa za a kammala tseren a gaban wurin da dangin sarautar Birtaniya suke zaune. Saboda haka, tazarar Marathon ta kasance kilomita 40 a wasannin farko na shekarar 1896, amma daga baya an riƙa sauya ta da kusan kilomita 2 gwargwadon yanayin wurin, kamar tsarin tituna da filin wasa. A wasannin Olympics guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1900 da 1920, an yi tseren Marathon a tazara shida daban-daban. A wasannin, Birtaniya ta lashe lambobin yabo 146, wato fiye da Amurkawa da suka zo na biyu da lambobi 99, kuma wannan shi ne sakamakonta mafi girma har zuwa yau. A ƙarshen tseren Marathon na 1908, ɗan tseren Italiya Dorando Pietri ne ya fara shiga filin wasa, amma yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma ya faɗi saboda gajiya kafin ya kammala tseren. Jami'an gasar da suka damu sun taimaka masa ya ketare layin ƙarshe, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga gasar. A matsayin diyya saboda rashin samun lambar yabo, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba Pietri ƙoƙon azurfa mai rufi da zinare. Arthur Conan Doyle ya rubuta rahoto na musamman game da tseren a jaridar Daily Mail.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lovesey, Peter|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|title=Conan Doyle and the Olympics|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016144350/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasannin sun ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda suka jawo masu fafatawa 2,504 a Stockholm a shekarar 1912, ciki har da fitaccen ɗan wasa Jim Thorpe, wanda ya lashe gasar decathlon da pentathlon. Thorpe ya taɓa buga wasu wasannin baseball a kan kuɗi, kuma aka ƙwace lambobin yabonsa saboda wannan "saɓawar" dokar zaman mai son wasa, bayan korafe-korafen Avery Brundage. An mayar masa da lambobin a shekarar 1983, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwarsa. Wasannin Stockholm su ne na farko da suka cika ainihin ra'ayin Pierre de Coubertin. A karon farko tun lokacin da aka fara wasannin a shekarar 1896, dukkan nahiyoyi biyar da mutane ke zaune a cikinsu sun samu wakilci, inda 'yan wasa suka fafata a filin wasa guda. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1916 a Berlin, amma aka soke su bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. ===Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe=== Wasannin Antwerp na 1920 a Belgium, wadda yaƙi ya lalata, ba su kasance cikin yanayi mai armashi ba, amma sun sake jawo adadin masu fafatawa mafi girma. Wannan tarihi bai daɗe ba, domin a shekarar 1924 wasannin Paris sun samu masu fafatawa 3,000, inda fitaccen ɗan wasan ya kasance ɗan tseren Finland Paavo Nurmi. Wanda aka fi sani da "Flying Finn" ya lashe lambobin zinare uku na ƙungiya da kuma tseren mita 1,500 da mita 5,000 na mutum ɗaya, inda aka gudanar da tseren biyun na ƙarshe a rana guda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paavo Nurmi – Life Story|url=https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/|access-date=16 March 2020|publisher=The Sports Museum of Finland|website=paavonurmi.fi|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114141920/https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/ }}</ref> Paris ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na 1924, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pierre de Coubertin na IOC, wanda ake kira uban Olympics na zamani. A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da taken Olympics na ''Citius, Altius, Fortius'' (Wuri, Sama, Ƙarfi), ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics, da kuma Wasannin Olympics na hunturu a matsayin "Makon Wasannin Hunturu na Ƙasashen Duniya". Wasannin Amsterdam na 1928 sun shahara saboda kasancewarsu wasannin farko da aka ba wa mata damar fafatawa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Sun kuma amfana sosai daga bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samu a wannan lokaci, tare da fara tallafawa wasannin ta hanyar kamfanoni, inda Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya zama na farko. A wasannin 1928 ne IOC ta gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin zane na lambar yabo, inda aka zaɓi zanen Giuseppe Cassioli na allahiyar Girka Nike, tare da wanda ya yi nasara ana ɗaukarsa a kan kafaɗun taron jama'a. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan zane har zuwa shekarar 1972. Wasannin Olympics na Los Angeles na 1932 sun kasance na farko da aka samar da ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|title=1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village - Baldwin Hills- Baldwin Hills Information|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202059/http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma dandamalin tsayawar waɗanda suka yi nasara.<ref name=NPS-LANDMARK>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222329/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure |date=November 14, 2007 }}, National Landmarks Program, National Park Service, ''Accessed November 12, 2007.''</ref><ref name=Podium>Martin, D. E., Martin, D. A., & Gynn, R. W. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. p. 146.</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532, Berlin, Olympia-Stadion (Luftaufnahme).jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Olympiastadion da ke Berlin a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1936]] Gwamnatin Jamus ta ɗauki Wasannin Berlin na 1936 a matsayin wata babbar dama ta yaɗa akidarta. Jam'iyyar Nazi mai mulki ta ɗauki hayar mai shirya fina-finai Leni Riefenstahl domin yin fim ɗin wasannin. Fim ɗin, ''Olympia'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin fitaccen aikin fasaha, duk da cewa an haɗa ra'ayoyin Adolf Hitler na fifikon launin fata na Aryan a cikinsa. A gasannin mutum ɗaya, Jesse Owens, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka mai tseren gudu da tsalle-tsalle, ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu, yayin da ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin ta lashe lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo mafi yawa. A Wasannin Berlin na 1936 ne aka fara gabatar da tseren isar da wutar Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330949.stm|title=The Olympic torch's shadowy past|work=BBC News|access-date=4 August 2008|date=5 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7330949.stm}}</ref> Saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an soke Wasannin Olympics na 1940, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Tokyo, amma daga baya aka mayar da su Helsinki na ɗan lokaci bayan barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1944 a London, amma su ma aka soke. Maimakon haka, London ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a shekarar 1948. ===Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu=== An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na farko bayan yaƙi a London a shekarar 1948, inda aka hana Jamus da Japan shiga gasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html|title=Germany and Japan Are Banned As Participants in '48 Olympics; Other Enemy Countries, Including Italy, Are Likely to Receive Bids, However-- Organizing Group Reveals Plans|date=24 January 1947|newspaper=The New York Times|page=25|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327010440/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html}}</ref> 'Yar tseren Netherlands Fanny Blankers-Koen ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu a wasannin guje-guje, inda ta maimaita nasarar da Owens ya samu a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century|title=Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen who was crowned Female Athlete of the 20th Century|date=23 January 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211907/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century}}</ref> A Wasannin Olympics na Helsinki na 1952, tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta fafata a karon farko kuma cikin sauri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawagogin gasar, inda ta zo ta biyu a yawan lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo da ta samu. Ana iya danganta nasararta ta farko da bullar tsarin 'yan wasa masu cikakken lokaci waɗanda gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Tarayyar Soviet ta shigar da tawagogin 'yan wasa waɗanda a hukumance dukkansu ɗalibai ne, sojoji, ko masu aiki a wasu sana'o'i, amma a zahiri gwamnati ce ke biyan yawancinsu domin su riƙa horo na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa dokokin zaman ɗan wasa mai son wasa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902183140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2009|title=Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur|last=Benjamin|first=Daniel|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=18 March 2009|date=27 July 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schantz|first=Otto|title=The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch|publisher=Comité International Pierre De Coubertin|url=http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|website=coubertin.ch|access-date=13 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html|title=How the Russians break the Olympic rules|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 April 1980|last=Vinokur|first=Boris|url-status=live|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331200107/https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html}}</ref><ref name="A Real Pro">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html|title=Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=J. N. Washburn|date=21 July 1974|page=2|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153414/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html|title=Sports in Soviet Union Only for Elite : There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up|date=22 July 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Bob|last=Oates|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412113717/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html}}</ref> Finland ta yi fice a gasar ta hanyar wani hafsan sojan Czechoslovakia mai suna Emil Zátopek, wanda ya kasance mai fara'a kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar inganta nasarorin lambobin zinare da azurfa guda ɗaya da ya samu a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya fara lashe tseren mita 10,000 da mita 5,000, ya kuma shiga tseren gudun fanfalaki, duk da cewa bai taɓa yin tseren irin wannan tazara a baya ba. Yana tattaunawa da sauran shugabannin tseren yayin da yake tafiya, Zátopek ya jagoranci gasar daga kusan rabin tazara, yana barin sauran masu fafatawa a hankali, har ya yi nasara da tazarar mintuna biyu da rabi, inda ya kammala jerin nasarori uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|title=Marking the centenary of the birth of Zatopek|date=19 September 2022|last=Turnbull|first=Simon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032616/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|url-status=live}}</ref> Wasannin Melbourne na 1956, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Duniya, sun yi nasara sosai, sai dai wasan polo na ruwa tsakanin Hungary da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙare da faɗa tsakanin 'yan wasan saboda mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260|title=Blood in the water: Hungary's 1956 water polo gold|last=Reid|first=Kirsty|date=20 August 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013081617/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260}}</ref> An gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm saboda barkewar cutar ƙafa da baki a Birtaniya a lokacin, da kuma tsauraran dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Australia. A Wasannin Olympics na Rome na 1960, wani matashin ɗan dambe mai nauyin light-heavyweight mai suna Cassius Clay, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Muhammad Ali, ya bayyana a fagen wasanni. Daga baya Ali ya jefar da lambar zinare tasa cikin fushi bayan an hana shi hidima a wani gidan cin abinci na masu farar fata kawai a garinsu na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallechinsky|first=David|author2=Jamie Loucky|date=2008|title=The Complete Book of the Olympics, 2008 Edition|publisher=[[Aurum Press]]|isbn=978-1-84513-330-6|pages=453–454 }}</ref> An ba shi sabuwar lambar yabo bayan shekaru 36, a Wasannin Olympics na 1996 a Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing|title=Why Muhammad Ali received a second Olympic gold medal in 1996|date=4 May 2020|website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]]|access-date=13 August 2022|author=OlympicTalk|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703091942/https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing}}</ref> Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarar 1960 sun haɗa da Wilma Rudolph, wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare a tseren mita 100, mita 200, da tseren gudun mita 4 × 100 na mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa|title=Sixty years since historic Olympic triple, Rudolph's legacy lives on|date=2 September 2020|last=Mulkeen|first=Jon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa}}</ref> Wasannin Tokyo na 1964 su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a Asiya kuma aka watsa su kai tsaye a talabijin a faɗin duniya, sakamakon bullar tauraron ɗan adam na sadarwa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time|title=How the 1964 Games brought live Olympic Sports to the United States for the first time|date=8 January 2019|last=Kortemeier|first=Todd|website=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|Team USA]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173559/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin sun zama wani muhimmin sauyi wajen yaɗuwar shahara da karɓuwar Olympics a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon zamanin sadarwa na zamani. An fara gabatar da wasan judo a matsayin wasan Olympics na hukuma, kuma ɗan wasan judo na Netherlands Anton Geesink ya jawo hankula lokacin da ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na rukunin nauyin da ba a kayyade ba, inda ya doke Akio Kaminaga a gaban magoya bayansa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter|title=Tokyo 1964: The First Chapter|date=8 July 2021|last=Messner|first=Nicolas|website=[[International Judo Federation|IJF.org]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022132920/https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter}}</ref> [[File:Opening Ceremony Mexico 87 University Stadium.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe Wasannin Olympics na 1968 a birnin Mexico, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Latin Amurka]] An sami tasiri a sakamakon wasannin Olympics na 1968 a Mexico City saboda tsayin birnin daga matakin teku.<ref name=Games1968/> A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da dabarar tsalle-tsalle ta Fosbury flop, wadda daga baya ta zama sananniya a duk duniya. Wannan dabara ta taimaka wa Ba'amurke Dick Fosbury ya lashe lambar zinare a tsalle-tsalle na sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop|title=50 years since the day Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump|date=20 October 2018|last=Minshull|first=Phil|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop}}</ref> A bikin bayar da lambobin yabo na tseren mita 200 na maza, 'yan wasan Ba'amurke baƙaƙe Tommie Smith (wanda ya lashe zinare) da John Carlos (wanda ya lashe tagulla) sun nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin jama'a ta hanyar ɗaga hannayensu sanye da safar hannu baƙaƙe da kuma sanya safa baƙaƙe maimakon takalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html|title=Black Power salute 50 years on: Iconic Olympics protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos remembered|date=24 April 2019|last=Parfitt|first=Tom|website=The Independent|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034505/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html}}</ref> Daga baya IOC ta kori 'yan wasan biyu daga wasannin. Věra Čáslavská, a matsayin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta a shekarar 1968, da kuma hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke mai cike da saɓani a wasannin katakon daidaita jiki da na motsa jiki a ƙasa, ta sunkuyar da kanta ta kau da ita daga tutar Tarayyar Soviet yayin da ake rera taken ƙasar a lokacin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|date=20 October 2018|last=Reynolds|first=Tom|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022024057/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref> Ta koma gida a matsayin jaruma a idon al'ummar Czechoslovakia, amma gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ke iko da ita ta mayar da ita saniyar ware. [[File:Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Attentats in München (Kiel 53.824).jpg|thumb|upright|An saukar da tutar Olympics zuwa rabin sanda a Kiel, birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa, bayan kisan kiyashin Munich a wasannin 1972]] Siyasa ta sake shiga tsakani a [[1972 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1972]] da aka gudanar a Munich, amma a wannan karon hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'addar Falasɗinawa mai suna Black September ta kutsa cikin ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympic, sannan ta shiga ɗakin tawagar Isra'ila. Sun kashe Isra'ilawa biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu tara, suna neman Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni da dama. Lokacin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatun 'yan ta'addan, lamarin ya rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai cike da tashin hankali yayin da tattaunawa ke ci gaba. Daga ƙarshe, an ba masu garkuwar, waɗanda har yanzu suke riƙe da mutanen da suka yi garkuwa da su, damar tsira lafiya, sannan aka kai su wani filin jirgin sama, inda jami'an tsaron Jamus suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A musayar wutar da ta biyo baya, mutane 15 suka mutu, ciki har da 'yan wasan Isra'ila tara da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma biyar daga cikin 'yan ta'addan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 26: The terrorist outrage in Munich in 1972|date=2 May 2012|last=Burnton|first=Simon|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219001325/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan doguwar muhawara, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da wasannin, amma abin fahimta ne cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun mamaye harkokin wasannin.<ref name=Games1972/> Duk da haka, an samu wasu fitattun nasarorin wasanni a lokacin wasannin, musamman nasarar ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Mark Spitz, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare guda bakwai, adadin da ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin; Lasse Virén na Finland ya lashe zinare a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000 a jere; sannan fitacciyar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Tarayyar Soviet Olga Korbut ta lashe lambobin zinare guda uku, ciki har da yin wani juyawa a iska na tarihi daga kan sandar motsa jiki ta sama. A wasan ƙarshe na kwallon kwando na maza, Amurka ta sha kashi a hannun Tarayyar Soviet, a wani wasa da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tarihin kwallon kwando na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|title= USA Basketball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822182059/http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|archive-date=22 August 2007}}</ref> A cikin wani wasa mai tsananin fafatawa, tawagar Amurka ta yi kama da ta yi nasara da maki 50–49. Sai dai alkalai sun maimaita daƙiƙu ukun ƙarshe na wasan sau uku, har sai da tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara da ci 51–50.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 years, 120 stories (Part 15) : Soviets beat the Americans amidst controversies involving communist judges|date=3 March 2016|url=http://sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062628/https://www.sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, tawagar Amurka ta ƙi karɓar lambobin azurfarsu. Babu irin wannan mummunan bala'i a Wasannin Montreal na [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]], amma rashin kyakkyawan tsari da zamba sun sa kuɗin gudanar da wasannin ya yi matuƙar wuce kasafin kuɗin da aka tsara. Da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.5, kwatankwacin dala biliyan ${{Inflation|CA|1.5|1976|r=2}} a cikin shekarar {{Inflation-year|CA}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|title=Will Canada ever host another Olympics? If not, don't blame the 1976 Montreal Games|date=25 February 2019|last=Forrester|first=Nicole W.|newspaper=National Post|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url= https://megalodon.jp/2026-0330-2012-15/https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|archive-date=30 March 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html|title=Olympics worth the price tag? The Montreal Legacy|date=19 July 2012|last=Newton|first=Paula|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090945/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html}}</ref> Wasannin bazara na 1976 sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin wasannin Olympic har zuwa lokacin [[2014 Winter Olympics]], kuma na ɗan wani lokaci ya yi kama da cewa wasannin Olympic ba za su ƙara zama wani abu da za a iya gudanarwa ta fuskar kuɗi ba. Daga baya, an yi imanin cewa 'yan kwangila, waɗanda ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu mambobin Mafia ta Montreal ne, sun karkatar da makudan kuɗaɗe daga matakai daban-daban na kwangiloli, tare da samun riba ta hanyar maye gurbin kayan gini masu inganci da wasu masu rahusa da ƙarancin inganci. Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka wajen haifar da jinkiri, rashin ingancin gine-gine da kuma tsadar kuɗi fiye da kima. A shekarar 1988, ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan 'yan kwangilar, Giuseppe Zappia, "an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen zamba da suka samo asali daga aikinsa a wuraren wasannin Olympic bayan manyan shaidu biyu sun mutu kafin su ba da shaida a shari'arsa".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen H.|date=2009|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA551|page=551|isbn=978-0-470-83500-5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref> Kasashen Afirka da dama sun kaurace wa Wasannin 1976 a matsayin zanga-zanga kan wata ziyarar baya-bayan nan da tawagar rugby ta ƙasar New Zealand ta kai Afirka ta Kudu wadda tsarin wariyar launin fata na apartheid ke mulki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa|title=Montreal Olympics photo flashback: Boycott targeted New Zealand, South Africa|date=18 July 2016|last=Riga|first=Andy|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050323/https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa}}</ref> 'Yar wasan motsa jiki ta Romania Nadia Comăneci ta kafa tarihi lokacin da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar motsa jiki ta mata ta mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku guda biyu daga cikin huɗu da ake iya samu. Ta kuma lashe wasu gasa biyu na mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku biyu a wasan sandar daidaito da kuma maki cikakku a wasan sanduna marasa daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/|title=Moment in Time: 18 July, 1976 - Nadia Comaneci's perfect 10|date=25 September 2019|last=Bowman|first=Verity|website=The Telegraph|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002015903/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/}}</ref> Lasse Virén ya sake maimaita nasarar zinare biyu a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000, abin da ya sanya shi zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa lashe gasa biyu na nisan gudu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976|title=Finnish Lasse Viren's Olympic Gold Double-Double at Munich 1972 and Montreal 1976|date=22 May 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=Sunday Observer|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601191153/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976}}</ref> <!--Deleted image removed: [[File:1980 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|right|Closing Ceremony of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], in Moscow, [[Soviet Union]], with bear cub [[Misha]], the mascot of that year's games, flying into the sky.]] --> ===Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20=== Bayan mamayar [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1979, ƙasashe 66, ciki har da Amurka, Kanada, Jamus ta Yamma da Japan, sun [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|kaurace]] wa [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]] da aka gudanar a Moscow. Ƙasashe 80 ne suka halarci Wasannin Moscow – adadi mafi ƙanƙanta tun daga shekarar 1956. Kauracewar ta taimaka wajen sa Wasannin 1980 ba su samu yawan kulawar jama'a ba kuma ba su kasance masu tsananin gasa ba, inda ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ta mamaye su. A cewar ɗan jaridar Birtaniya [[Andrew Jennings]], wani kanal na [[KGB]] ya bayyana cewa jami'an hukumar sun yi kamar su jami'an yaƙi da amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari ne daga IOC, domin kawo cikas ga gwaje-gwajen [[doping test|ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari]]. An kuma ce an "ceto" 'yan wasan Soviet sakamakon waɗannan manyan ƙoƙarin.<ref name=DG2011>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E6QIYvAQMDUC|title= Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping|first= Thomas M.|last= Hunt|date= 2011|publisher= University of Texas Press|isbn= 978-0-292-72328-3|page= 66 }}</ref> Dangane da [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]], wani bincike na Ostireliya da aka gudanar a shekarar 1989 ya ce "da kyar za ka samu wanda ya lashe lamba a Wasannin Moscow, musamman wanda ya lashe zinare, wanda ba ya amfani da wani nau'in ƙwaya; yawanci ma nau'o'i da dama. Da ma za a iya kiran Wasannin Moscow Wasannin Masana Kimiyyar Ƙwayoyi."<ref name=DG2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html|title=The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System.|last1=Aleksandrov|first1=Alexei|last2=Aleksandrov|first2=Grebeniuk|last3=Runets|first3=Volodymyr|publisher=|date=22 July 2020|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225193733/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html}}</ref> Takardun da aka samu a shekarar 2016 sun bayyana shirye-shiryen Tarayyar Soviet na kafa tsarin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari a faɗin ƙasar a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle domin shirye-shiryen [[1984 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1984]] a Los Angeles. Takardar, wadda aka rubuta kafin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar kaurace wa wasannin, ta yi bayani kan ayyukan da ake yi a lokacin wajen amfani da sinadaran steroid, tare da shawarwarin yadda za a ƙara inganta shirin.<ref name=NYT160813>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html|title=The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics|last=Ruiz|first=Rebecca R.|date=13 August 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184700/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html}}</ref> Dr. Sergei Portugalov na Cibiyar Ilimin Al'adu ta Jiki ne ya shirya wasiƙar da aka aika wa shugaban wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Tarayyar Soviet. Portugalov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka taka rawa wajen aiwatar da shirin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari na Rasha kafin [[2016 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 2016]].<ref name=NYT160813/> A shekarar 1984, Tarayyar Soviet da [[Eastern Bloc|ƙasashe 13 masu ƙawance da ita]] sun rama ta hanyar [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|kauracewa]] [[1984 Summer Olympics]] da aka gudanar a Los Angeles. [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] da [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] su ne ƙasashe biyu kacal daga Gabashin Turai da suka halarci Wasannin 1984. Wataƙila waɗannan wasannin su ne wasannin farko na wani sabon zamani da suka samu riba. Duk da cewa kauracewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta ta rage yawan 'yan wasa a wasu wasanni, Kwamitocin Olympic na ƙasa 140 ne suka halarta, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin.<ref name=Games1984/> Haka kuma, waɗannan wasannin su ne karo na farko da babban yankin China, wato Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ya shiga. [[1988 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1988]] da aka gudanar a Seoul an shirya su sosai, amma wasannin sun fuskanci matsala lokacin da 'yan wasa da dama, musamman wanda ya lashe tseren mita 100 na maza [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], suka fadi gwaje-gwajen tilas na ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari. Duk da kyawawan wasannin da 'yan wasa da dama suka yi ba tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi ba, yawan mutanen da suka fadi gwaje-gwajen sinadaran da ke ƙara ƙarfin wasa ya mamaye labaran wasannin. [[1992 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Barcelona na 1992]] sun ga shigar 'yan wasa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwararrun wasanni na Arewacin Amurka, wato [[NBA]], wanda ya shahara musamman ta hanyar "[[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Dream Team]]" na ƙwallon kwando na Amurka. Wasannin 1992 sun kuma ga sake komawar wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai cikin Wasannin, waɗanda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Occupation of the Baltic states|mamaye]] a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A waɗannan wasannin, ɗan wasan motsa jiki [[Vitaly Scherbo]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na lashe lambobin zinare guda biyar na mutum ɗaya a Wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ya yi daidai da tarihin farko da [[Eric Heiden]] ya kafa a [[1980 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 1980]]. A wannan lokaci, tsarin zaɓen wurin da za a gudanar da Wasannin ya zama wani lamari na kasuwanci; an samu zarge-zarge masu yawa na cin hanci da rashawa waɗanda ake zargin za su iya shafar tsarin yanke shawara na IOC. A Wasannin Atlanta na [[1996 Summer Olympics]], ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka faru shi ne yadda ɗan tseren mita [[200 metres]] [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] ya karya tarihin duniya a gaban magoya bayansa na gida. Mutanen Kanada sun yi farin ciki da gudun da [[Donovan Bailey]] ya yi wanda ya ba shi lambar zinare a tseren mita 100. An kuma samu lokuta masu cike da tausayawa, kamar lokacin da Muhammad Ali, wanda [[Parkinson's disease|cutar Parkinson]] ta shafa sosai, ya kunna wutar Olympic sannan aka ba shi wata sabuwar lambar yabo a madadin wadda ya jefar a shekarar 1960. An sayar da tikiti miliyan 8.3 na abubuwan wasannin a wannan Olympics, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi wanda ba a karya shi ba sai a shekarar 2024. Sai dai yanayin wasannin ya samu matsala lokacin da wata [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|bam ta fashe]] yayin bikin a Centennial Olympic Park. A watan Yunin 2003, an kama babban wanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan harin, [[Eric Robert Rudolph]]. [[File:2000 Sydney Women's long jump final.jpg|thumb|Wasannin [[2000 Summer Olympics]] a Sydney, Australia, an san su da suna "Wasannin Sabon Ƙarni".]] [[2000 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na 2000]], waɗanda aka gudanar a Sydney, Australia, sun nuna ƙwarewar 'yan wasa da dama, ciki har da fitattun 'yan wasan gida [[Ian Thorpe]] a wasan ninkaya da Cathy Freeman, wata 'yar asalin Ostireliya wadda nasararta a tseren mita [[400 metres]] ta haɗa kan ɗimbin jama'ar da suka cika filin wasa. Baturen nan [[Steve Redgrave]] ya lashe lambar zinare a wasan kwale-kwale, inda ya zama karo na biyar a jere da ya lashe zinare a wasannin Olympics, abin da ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba. Haka kuma, [[Eric Moussambani|Eric "the Eel" Moussambani]], ɗan wasan ninkaya daga Equatorial Guinea, ya samu babban kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ya kammala tseren ninkaya na mita 100 da lokaci mafi jinkiri da aka taɓa samu a tarihin Olympics. Duk da haka, ya lashe rukunin da ya shiga saboda abokan hamayyarsa biyu an cire su daga gasar sakamakon fara tseren kafin lokacin da aka tsara. 'Yar ƙasarsa [[Paula Barila Bolopa]] ita ma ta samu kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda jinkirin da ta yi da kuma yadda ta yi fama, amma ta nuna jarumtaka wajen kammala gasar. Wasannin Sydney sun kuma kasance karo na farko da tawagar haɗin gwiwa daga Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu ta bayyana tare a bukukuwan buɗe wasannin, duk da cewa sun fafata a dukkan wasannin a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An samu ce-ce-ku-ce a wasan motsa jiki na mata lokacin da aka gano cewa an sa sandar tsalle da ba daidai ba a lokacin gasar da ta haɗa dukkan fannoni. ===Farkon ƙarni na 21=== A shekara ta 2004, Gasar Olympics ta koma inda aka haife ta, wato Athens, Girka. An kashe aƙalla dala biliyan 7.2 wajen gudanar da Gasar 2004, ciki har da dala biliyan 1.5 kan tsaro. Michael Phelps ya lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya samu zinare shida da tagulla biyu. Pyrros Dimas, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla, ya zama ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi da ya fi kowa yawan lambobin yabo a tarihi, inda ya samu lambobin Olympics guda huɗu, zinare uku da tagulla ɗaya. Ko da yake rahotannin da ba su da tushe game da yiwuwar hare-haren ta'addanci sun sa jama'a suka nisanci wasannin farko a ƙarshen makon farko na Olympics (14–15 ga Agusta 2004), yawan masu kallo ya ƙaru yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. Ba a sayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tikitin ba,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|work=USA Today|title=Tickets to Olympic events in Beijing sold out|date=28 July 2008|access-date=24 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040248/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|archive-date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma har yanzu sayar da tikitin ta zarce adadin da aka samu a wasannin Olympics na Seoul da Barcelona (1988 da 1992). Shugaban IOC Jacques Rogge ya bayyana yadda Girka ta shirya gasar a matsayin abin ƙwarewa, sannan ya ce matakan tsaronta ba su da wani aibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rogge hails Athens success|date=29 August 2004|access-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=30 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830022624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm}}</ref> Dukkan kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa (NOCs) guda 202 sun halarci Gasar Athens tare da mahalarta sama da 11,000. An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An gabatar da sabbin wasanni da dama, ciki har da sabon fannin BMX ga maza da mata. Mata sun fara shiga gasar tseren steeplechase a karon farko. An faɗaɗa shirin wasan takobi domin ya ƙunshi dukkanin nau'o'i shida ga maza da mata; a baya, mata ba sa iya shiga gasar ƙungiyar foil ko sabre, yayin da aka cire gasar ƙungiyar épée ta mata da foil ta maza daga waɗannan wasanni. An ƙara gasar ninkaya ta marathon mai tazarar kilomita 10. Haka kuma, an maye gurbin wasannin biyu-biyu na wasan tebur da wasannin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name=2008program>{{cite news|title=Beijing 2008: Games Program Finalized|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2008-games-programme-finalised|date=27 April 2006|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Michael Phelps ya kafa tarihin lashe lambobin zinare takwas a Gasar Olympics guda ɗaya, sannan ya yi daidai da tarihin yawan lambobin zinare da ɗan wasa ɗaya ya taɓa samu, wanda Eric Heiden da Vitaly Scherbo suka riƙe a baya. Wani fitaccen ɗan wasan gasar shi ne ɗan tseren Jamaica Usain Bolt, wanda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya a wasan tseren mita 100 da 200 a gasar Olympics guda ɗaya. An gudanar da wasannin doki a Hong Kong. London ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics sau uku. A jawabinsa na rufe gasar, Jacques Rogge ya bayyana wasannin a matsayin "masu farin ciki da ɗaukaka". Ƙasar mai masaukin baki ta lashe lambobin zinare 29, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin da Birtaniya ta samu tun Gasar 1908 a London. Amurka ta koma saman teburin lambobin yabo bayan da Sin ta mamaye shi a 2008. IOC ta cire baseball da softball daga shirin wasannin 2012. Gasar London ta yi nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci domin ita ce ta farko a tarihi da aka sayar da dukkan tikitinta, inda aka samu buƙatun tikiti kusan miliyan ɗaya ga tikiti 40,000 na bikin buɗe gasar da kuma wasan ƙarshe na tseren mita 100 na maza. Saboda yawan buƙatar tikiti a dukkan matakan wasanni, an samu cece-kuce kan kujerun da aka ware wa masu ɗaukar nauyi da wakilan ƙasashe waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba a farkon kwanakin gasar. An samar da tsarin sake rarraba kujeru domin a cike kujerun da ba a yi amfani da su ba yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. ===Wasannin baya-bayan nan=== [[File:Drones durante a abertura das Olimpíadas de Tóquio.jpg|thumb|Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan, ta samu ƙarancin masu kallo sakamakon hana jama'a halartar wasannin saboda annobar COVID-19.]] Rio de Janeiro a Brazil ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, inda ta zama birni na farko a Kudancin Amurka da ya karɓi bakuncin Olympics, birni na biyu a Latin Amurka bayan Mexico City a 1968, sannan birni na uku a yankin Kudancin Duniya bayan Melbourne, Australia, a 1956 da Sydney, Australia, a 2000. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan wasanni sun kasance cikin inuwa saboda cece-kuce, ciki har da rashin kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da matsalar tattalin arziki a ƙasar mai masaukin baki, damuwar lafiya da tsaro da ta shafi kwayar cutar Zika, da kuma gurbatar muhalli mai yawa a Guanabara Bay. Sai dai daga baya wata badakalar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara ƙarfin jiki da gwamnati ta goyi baya da ta shafi 'yan wasan Rasha a Gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu da aka gudanar shekaru biyu kafin hakan ta fi mamaye waɗannan damuwar, kuma ta shafi halartar 'yan wasan ƙasar a waɗannan wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|title=Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2009|access-date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004101815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm}}</ref> An shirya gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan. Birnin ya zama na biyar a tarihi da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu, sannan birni na farko a Asiya da ya samu wannan matsayi. Saboda annobar COVID-19, Firaministan Japan na lokacin Shinzo Abe, IOC da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo sun sanar da cewa za a ɗage wasannin 2020 zuwa 2021, wanda ya kasance karo na farko da aka ɗage Gasar Olympics. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun 1900 da ba a gudanar da wasannin a shekarar da take da kwanaki 366 ba, maimakon haka aka gudanar da su a shekarar da ba ta da kwanaki 366. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics na baya ba, an gudanar da waɗannan wasanni ba tare da masu kallo ba saboda damuwar COVID-19 da kuma dokar ta-baci da aka sanya a birnin mai masaukin baki.<ref name=postponement>{{cite web|title=Tokyo 2020: Olympic and Paralympic Games postponed because of coronavirus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413131543/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/52020134}}</ref><ref name=postponement2>{{Cite web|last1=McCurry|first1=Justin|last2=Ingle|first2=Sean|title=Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic|work=The Guardian|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173934/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|last2=McCurry|first2=Justin|date=8 July 2021|title=Spectators banned from most Olympic events as Covid emergency declared|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games|access-date=8 July 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717130447/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games}}</ref> Duk da haka, Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo 2020 ta ƙunshi lokuta masu tarihi da dama da kuma bajintar fasaha. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar, 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Amurka Simone Biles, ta janye daga wasu wasanni domin ta mai da hankali kan lafiyar tunaninta, amma daga baya ta dawo ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mutum ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/|title=Will Tokyo Olympics be a game-changer in how we view athletes' mental health?|first=Josh|last=Peter|website=USA Today|date=8 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828111252/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/}}</ref> Dan tseren Norway Karsten Warholm ya karya nasa tarihin duniya a tseren mita 400 da shinge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles|title=Norway's Karsten Warholm breaks world record to win gold in men's 400m hurdles|date=27 June 2023|website=Olympics.com|access-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703092517/https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles}}</ref> An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa, inda Paris ta zama birni na biyu bayan London da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1900 da 1924, wanda ya kasance cikar shekaru 100 tun daga gasar ta ƙarshe). Wannan ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko bayan annoba da ta ba da damar masu kallo su halarta. A karon farko, an gudanar da bikin buɗe gasar a wajen babban filin wasa, inda 'yan wasa suka yi fareti a cikin kwale-kwale a kan Kogin Seine. Bayan haka, an kuma gudanar da gasar ninkaya a ruwa a cikin Kogin Seine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=France halves crowd numbers for Olympics opening ceremony on River Seine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|access-date=1 February 2024|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131130653/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Paris 2024 ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko a tarihi da ta samu cikakken daidaiton jinsi a fagen wasanni, inda adadin 'yan wasan maza da mata ya kasance iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masterson|first=Victoria|date=5 April 2024|title=How Paris 2024 aims to become the first-ever gender-equal Olympics |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821221141/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|archive-date=21 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024|work=World Economic Forum}}</ref> ===Wasannin nan gaba=== Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2028 a Los Angeles, California, Amurka, wanda zai zama birni na uku (bayan Paris (1900, 1924, 2024) da London (1908, 1948, 2012)) da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1932 da 1984), sannan Amurka za ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara a karo na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2019|title=Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105932/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|archive-date=15 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2032 a Brisbane, Australia, wanda zai zama birni na uku a Australia da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin, sannan birni na huɗu a kudancin layin ekweta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snape|first=Jack|date=10 September 2021|title=Billion-dollar Brisbane Cricket Ground redevelopment that 'almost lost' 2032 Games bid at heart of new Olympics funding fight|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-11/brisbane-olympics-2032-gabba-redevelopment-funding/100453934|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> ==Wasanni== {{Main|Wasannin Olympics}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, an haɗa jimillar wasanni 44, waɗanda suka ƙunshi fannoni 65, a cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a wani lokaci ko wani a tarihin gasar. Shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na baya-bayan nan ([[2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]) ya ƙunshi wasanni 32, yayin da aka tsara wasanni 36 don wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na gaba ([[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]). A cikinsu, wasanni biyu za su fara bayyana a karon farko (ƙwallon ƙafa ta tutar (flag football) da squash), sannan za a ƙara wasu fannoni biyu (gasar tuƙin kwale-kwale ta bakin teku da lacrosse sixes). Bugu da ƙari, wasan tsere kan kankara (figure skating) da wasan hockey kan kankara sun kasance cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a farko (figure skating a shekarun 1908 da 1920, da hockey kan kankara a shekarar 1920) kafin a mayar da su zuwa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu. An haɗa ƙungiyoyin wasanni daban-daban na Olympics a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya guda mai suna [[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations]] (ASOIF). A cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa, an raba wasannin ruwa, baseball da softball, ƙwallon kwando, rugby da volleyball zuwa fannoni daban-daban. {{legend inline|white|Wasanni na yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Ba a ƙara haɗa su ba}} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- |valign="top"| {|class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Wasanni||Shekaru |- |3x3 basketball||Tun daga 2020 |- |Archery||1900–1908, 1920, tun daga 1972 |- |Artistic swimming||Tun daga 1984 |- |Athletics||Duk |- |Badminton||Tun daga 1992 |- |Baseball||1992–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Basketball||Tun daga 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Basque pelota||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Beach volleyball||Tun daga 1996 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Breaking||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2024 |- |Boxing||1904, 1908, tun daga 1920 |- |Canoeing||Tun daga 1936 |- |Cricket||1900, 2028 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Croquet||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Cycling||Duk |- |Diving||Tun daga 1904 |- |Equestrian||1900, tun daga 1912 |- |Fencing||Duk |- |Field hockey||1908, 1920, tun daga 1928 |- |Flag football||2028 |- |Football||1900–1928, tun daga 1936 |- |Golf||1900, 1904, tun daga 2016 |- |Gymnastics||Duk |- |Handball||1936, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Jeu de paume||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Judo||1964, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Karate||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2020 |- |Lacrosse||1904, 1908, 2028 |- |Marathon swimming||Tun daga 2008 |- |Modern pentathlon||Tun daga 1912 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Polo||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rackets||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Roque||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1904 |- |Rowing||Tun daga 1900 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rugby union||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924 |- |Rugby sevens||Tun daga 2016 |- |Sailing||1900, tun daga 1908 |- |Shooting||1896, 1900, 1908–1924, tun daga 1932 |- |Skateboarding||Tun daga 2020 |- |Softball||1996–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Sport climbing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Squash||2028 |- |Surfing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Swimming||Duk |- |Table tennis||Tun daga 1988 |- |Taekwondo||Tun daga 2000 |- |Tennis||1896–1924, tun daga 1988 |- |Triathlon||Tun daga 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Tug of war||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900–1920 |- |Volleyball||Tun daga 1964 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Water motorsports||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Water polo||Tun daga 1900 |- |Weightlifting||1896, 1904, tun daga 1920 |- |Wrestling||1896, tun daga 1904 |} |} ===Cancantar shiga gasar=== Ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga kowanne daga cikin wasannin Olympics ana tsara su ne ta Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya (IF) wadda ke kula da gasar wasannin ta duniya.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sports Federations|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/international-federations|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> A wasannin mutum ɗaya, 'yan wasa sukan cancanci shiga gasar ta hanyar samun wani matsayi a babban taron gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma a jerin matsayi na IF. Akwai ƙa'ida ta gama-gari cewa ba za a iya samun fiye da 'yan wasa uku na mutum ɗaya daga kowace ƙasa a kowace gasa ba. Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa (NOCs) na iya shigar da adadi iyakantacce na 'yan wasan da suka cancanta a kowace gasa. NOC ce ke yanke shawarar waɗanne 'yan wasa da suka cancanta za ta zaɓa a matsayin wakilai a kowace gasa idan 'yan wasa da yawa sun kai matsayin cancantar fiye da adadin da za a iya shigarwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Committees|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/national-olympic-committees|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe galibi suna cancantar shigar da ƙungiyoyinsu a wasannin ƙungiya ta hanyar gasannin neman gurbin shiga na nahiyoyi, inda kowace ƙungiyar nahiyoyi ake ba ta wani adadi na gurabe a gasar Olympics. Kowace ƙasa ba za ta iya samun wakilci da fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya a kowace gasa ba. A wasu wasanni, ƙungiya tana ƙunshe da mutane biyu kacal. Ana iya bai wa wasu [[National Olympic Committee|Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa]], waɗanda ƙasashensu ba su samu isassun wakilai ba bayan cancantar shiga gasar, guraben gayyata na musamman, waɗanda ake kira ''Universality Places'', a wasu wasannin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/what-are-universality-places-and-who-can-obtain-one|title=What are Universality Places and who can obtain one?|date=10 May 2024|first=Matthew|last=Nelson|website=Olympics.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> ===Shaharar wasannin Olympics=== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) yana raba wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara zuwa rukuni biyar (A – E) bisa ga shahararsu, ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunai guda shida: yawan masu kallon talabijin (40%), shahararsu a intanet (20%), binciken ra'ayin jama'a (15%), buƙatun tikiti (10%), ɗaukar labarai a kafafen yaɗa labarai (10%), da adadin ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa (5%). Rukunin da aka sanya wasa a ciki yana ƙayyade kaso na kuɗaɗen shiga na Olympics da Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya ta wannan wasa za ta samu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Athletics to share limelight as one of top Olympic sports|url=http://www.qt.com.au/news/atheltics-share-limelight-one-top-olympic-sports/1889097/|newspaper=The Queensland Times|date=31 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Winners Include Gymnastics, Swimming – and Wrestling – as IOC Announces New Funding Distribution Groupings|work=[[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations|ASOIF]]|url=http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|date=29 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|last=Murray|first=Callum|location=St Petersburg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225220/http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanya wasannin da suka fara bayyana a Olympics na 2016 (rugby da golf) cikin rukuni na E. Rukunonin na yanzu su ne: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rukuni !! Adadi !! Wasanni |- |align=center|A||align=center|3||athletics, aquatics,{{ref label|a|a}} gymnastics |- |align=center|B||align=center|5||basketball, cycling, football, tennis, volleyball |- |align=center|C||align=center|8||archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table tennis, weightlifting |- |align=center|D||align=center|9||canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling |- |align=center|E||align=center|3||modern pentathlon, golf, rugby |- |align=center|F||align=center|6||baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing |- |} <span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}}Wasannin ruwa sun ƙunshi fannoni na artistic swimming, diving, marathon swimming, swimming da water polo.</span> ==Jadawalin lambobin yabo na kowane lokaci== Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da bayanan hukuma da [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] ta bayar. {{legend|BurlyWood|'''Ƙasa da ta daina wanzuwa'''}}''<small>Matsayi bayan wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2024</small>'' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width:75%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Matsayi !!Ƙasa !! style="background-color:gold;"|Zinariya !! style="background-color:silver;"|Azurfa !! style="background-color:#c96;"|Tagulla !!Jimilla !!Wasannin da ta halarta |- !1 |align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}}||1105||879||780||2764||29 |- !2 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|URS}}||395||319||296||1010||9 |- !3 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CHN}}||303||226||198||727||12 |- !4 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}}||298||340||343||981||30 |- !5 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}}||239||277||299||815||29 |- !6 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}}||229||201||228||658||29 |- !7 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}}||213||220||255||688||18 |- !8 |align="left"|{{flagicon|JPN}}||189||162||191||542||24 |- !9 |align="left"|{{flagicon|HUN}}||187||161||182||530||28 |- !10 |align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}}||182||192||226||600||28 |- !11 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|GDR}}||153||129||127||409||5 |- !12 |align="left"|{{flagicon|SWE}}||151||181||182||514||28 |- !13 |align="left"|{{flagicon|RUS}}||147||126||150||423||6 |- !14 |align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}}||110||112||134||356||28 |- !15 |align="left"|{{flagicon|KOR}}||109||100||111||320||19 |- !16 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}}||101||85||119||305||27 |- !17 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ROU}}||93||101||123||317||23 |- !18 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CUB}}||86||70||88||244||22 |- 21 68 84 132 284 !19 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}}||80||117||156||353||28 |- !20 |align="left"|{{flagicon|POL}}||73||93||142||308||23 |- |} ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {{Main|List of Olympic medal leaders by year}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Olympic rings.svg|30px]] '''Jadawalin lambobin yabo na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|na kowane lokaci]] [[List of Olympic medal leaders by year#Summer Olympics|da ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1896 Summer Olympics medal table|1896]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1896 Summer}} * [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|1900]]: {{flag IOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} * [[1904 Summer Olympics medal table|1904]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1904 Summer}} * [[1908 Summer Olympics medal table|1908]]: {{flag IOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} * [[1912 Summer Olympics medal table|1912]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1912 Summer}} * [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|1920]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1920 Summer}} * [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|1924]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1924 Summer}} * [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|1928]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1928 Summer}} * [[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|1932]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1932 Summer}} * [[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|1936]]: {{flag IOC|GER|1936 Summer}} * [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|1948]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1948 Summer}} * [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|1952]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1952 Summer}} * [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|1956]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1956 Summer}} * [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|1960]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1960 Summer}} * [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|1964]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1964 Summer}} * [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|1968]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1968 Summer}} * [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|1972]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1972 Summer}} * [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|1976]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1976 Summer}} * [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|1980]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1980 Summer}} * [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|1984]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1984 Summer}} * [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|1988]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1988 Summer}} * [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|1992]]: {{flag IOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} * [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|1996]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1996 Summer}} * [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|2000]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2000 Summer}} * [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|2004]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2004 Summer}} * [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|2008]]: {{flag IOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} * [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|2012]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2012 Summer}} * [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|2016]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2016 Summer}} * [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|2020]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2020 Summer}} * [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table|2024]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2024 Summer}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} '''Yawan lokutan da suka samu matsayi na farko''' {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- !Matsayi !Ƙasa !Adadin wasannin |- |1||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|USA}}||Sau 19 |- |2||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|URS}}||Sau 6 |- |rowspan=5|3||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|CHN}}||rowspan=5|Sau 1 |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|FRA}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GBR}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GER}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|EUN}} |- |} ==Jerin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) bai taɓa yanke shawarar waɗanne wasanni na farkon gasannin ne suka kasance na "Olympics" da waɗanda ba haka ba ba.<ref name=KLWT>{{cite book|first1=Karl|last1=Lennartz|first2=Walter|last2=Teutenberg|title=Olympische Spiele 1900 in Paris|publisher=Agon-Sportverlag|location=Kassel, Germany|page=147|date=1995|isbn=3-928562-20-7|quote=In many works, it is read that the IOC later met to decide which events were Olympic and which were not. This is not correct and no decision has ever been made. No discussion of this item can be found in the account of any Session.}}</ref> Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya kafa wasannin Olympics na zamani, ya bar wannan hukunci ga waɗanda suka shirya waɗannan wasannin. {{sticky-header}} {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2"|<!--Please DO NOT change this to year. The year is part of the Date column, and is the same as this column only for the most part. This column says 2020 is the Olympiad and the Date column says they were held in July-August 2021.-->Zangon Olympics ! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Na.|Lambar zangon Olympics}} ! colspan="2"|Mai masaukin baƙi ! rowspan="2"|Kwanakin gasar /<br/>Wanda ya buɗe ta ! rowspan="2"|Wasanni<br/>(Fannoni) ! colspan="3"|Masu fafatawa ! rowspan="2"|Gasa ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasashe ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasar da ta fi samun lambobin yabo |- !Birni !Ƙasa !Jimilla !Maza !Mata |- |1896<ref name=Games1896/> |{{sort|01|[[1896 Summer Olympics|I]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}} |6–15 Afrilu 1896<br/>[[List of kings of Greece|Sarki]] [[George I of Greece]] |9 (10)||241||241||0||43||14{{efn|name=Mixed Team|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896 1896], [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900 1900] da [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904 1904] bai ƙirga ƙungiyoyin gauraye (ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa daga ƙasashe daban-daban) a matsayin wata ƙasa ta daban ba yayin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarta. A lokaci guda, IOC yana nuna ƙungiyoyin gauraye a sakamakon gasannin da suka fafata. Saboda haka, adadin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka bayyana tare da ƙungiyoyin gauraye su ne suka halarci wasannin.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1896 Summer}} |- |1900<ref name=Games1900/> |{{sort|02|[[1900 Summer Olympics|II]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |14 Mayu – 28 Oktoba 1900<br/>[[Pierre de Coubertin|Baron Pierre de Coubertin]] |19 (21)||1,226||1,202||24{{efn|A wani lokaci da ya gabata, ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ta nuna gasannin neman lambobin yabo 85, ƙasashe 24 da 'yan wasa 997 (mata 22 da maza 975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Sports, Athletes {{!}} Médailles, Résultats, Sports et Athlètes des Jeux Olympiques|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150828/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|url-status=dead }}</ref> Bill Mallon, masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci,<ref name="Mallon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inAwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1998|title = The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=25–28|isbn = 978-0-7864-4064-1}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun, ya ba da shawarar cewa gasanni 95 sun cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan (ƙuntatawa ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, halartar ƙasashen duniya, buɗewa ga dukkan masu fafatawa, da rashin amfani da tsarin nakasassu) kuma ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin gasannin Olympics. A watan Yuli 2021, IOC ta sabunta cikakkiyar ma'ajiyar bayanan sakamakon Olympics ta intanet, inda ta shigar da bayanan shafin masana tarihin Olympics, ''Olympedia.org'', a fili. Ta haka ta amince da shawarar Mallon (bisa ga ƙa'idoji huɗu da aka yi amfani da su) game da gasannin Olympics na 1900. An ƙara gasanni 11 waɗanda aka nuna sakamakonsu a tsohuwar ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC, a kan jimillar gasanni 85 da aka nuna a baya. An cire wata gasa ta harbin bindiga (bindigar soja ta mita 20, wadda gasa ce ta ƙwararru). Amincewa da shawarar Mallon ya ƙara adadin gasanni zuwa 95, sannan ya ƙara adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta zuwa 26 da 'yan wasa zuwa 1,226. Bayan sabunta ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta intanet, sashen sakamakon gasanni na shafin IOC ya ƙunshi gasanni 95.<ref name=IOC1900Results /> Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ya nuna jimillar gasannin neman lambobin yabo 95, ƙasashe 26 da 'yan wasa 1,226.<ref name=Games1900 /> Bugu da ƙari, takardar bayanan IOC mai suna "The Games of the Olympiad" ta watan Nuwamba 2021 ta ambaci gasanni 95, amma har yanzu tana amfani da tsoffin adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta (24) da 'yan wasa (997).<ref name=FactsheetGames/>}}||95||26{{efn|name=Mixed Team}}{{efn|A cewar Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, ƙasashe 26 ne suka tura masu fafatawa zuwa wannan bugu na gasar.<ref name=Games1900 /> A wancan lokaci, babu tsarin "ƙungiyoyin ƙasa" da Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa ke zaɓa. Lokacin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarci farkon gasannin Olympics, IOC ba ya la'akari da ƙasashen da ba su da wakilci kai tsaye, amma 'yan ƙasarsu suka fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe. Bincike na zamani ya nuna<ref name="Mallon"/> cewa a Olympics na 1900, 'yan wasa daga aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda ba su da wakilci kai tsaye (Canada, Luxembourg, Colombia da New Zealand) sun fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe a wasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya. Shafin IOC ya jera dukkan su a sashen sakamako bisa ga ƙasashensu,<ref name=IOC1900Results>{{cite web|title=Paris 1900 Results|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/results|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> amma bai haɗa ƙasashensu cikin ƙasashe 26 da suka halarta ba.<ref name=Games1900 />}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} |- |1904<ref name=Games1904/> |{{sort|03|[[1904 Summer Olympics|III]]}} |align=left|[[St. Louis]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1896}} |1 Yuli – 23 Nuwamba 1904<br/>[[List of governors of Missouri|Gwamna]] [[David R. Francis]] |16 (18)||651||645||6||95{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1904<ref name=Games1904/> ya sanya adadin gasanni 95, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|archive-date=2 June 2016|title=St. Louis 1904 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602114217/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> ya nuna 91. An samo adadin 91 daga aikin masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci Bill Mallon,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll16/id/1/|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1999|title = The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|page=16|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn = 9781476621609}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun. Gasannin da suka cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan na farkon ƙarni na 20 — waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, suka ba da damar halartar ƙasashen duniya, suka buɗe ga dukkan masu fafatawa, kuma ba su yi amfani da tsarin nakasassu ba — yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gasannin Olympics.}}||12{{efn|name=Mixed Team}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1904 Summer}} |- |1908<ref name=Games1908/> |{{sort|04|[[1908 Summer Olympics|IV]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |'''27 Afrilu – 31 Oktoba 1908'''<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[Edward VII]] |22 (25)||2,008||1,971||37||110||22 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} |- |1912<ref name=Games1912/> |{{sort|05|[[1912 Summer Olympics|V]]}} |align=left|[[Stockholm]] |align=left|{{flag|Sweden}} |6–22 Yuli 1912<br/>[[Monarchy of Sweden|Sarki]] [[Gustaf V]] |14 (18)||2,407||2,359||48||102||28 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1912 Summer}} |- |1916 |{{sort|06|[[1916 Summer Olympics|VI]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games|Ko da yake an soke wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1916, 1940 da 1944, an ci gaba da amfani da lambobin Roman na waɗannan wasannin saboda sunayen hukuma na wasannin lokacin bazara suna ƙirga zangon Olympics, ba wasannin kansu ba, kamar yadda Yarjejeniya ta Olympics ta tanada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Now You Know Big Book of Sports|first=Doug|last=Lennox|author-link=Doug Lennox|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/223 223]|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|isbn=978-1-55488-454-4|url=https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9|url-access=registration }}</ref> Wannan ya bambanta da wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu, waɗanda ba sa ƙirga wasannin lokacin hunturu na 1940 da 1944 da aka soke a cikin lambar jerinsu.}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}} ! colspan="8"|''An soke saboda [[World War I]]'' |- |1920<ref name=Games1920/> |{{sort|07|[[1920 Summer Olympics|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Antwerp]] |align=left|{{flag|Belgium}} |14 Agusta – 12 Satumba 1920<br/>[[Monarchy of Belgium|Sarki]] [[Albert I of Belgium]] |22 (29)||2,626||2,561||65||156{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1920<ref name=Games1920/> ya nuna gasanni 156, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|title=Antwerp 1920 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125827/http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=2 June 2016 }}</ref> ya nuna 154 (bambancin ya kasance gasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a [[Amsterdam]]).}}||39 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1920 Summer}} |- |1924<ref name=Games1924/> |{{sort|08|[[1924 Summer Olympics|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |5–27 Yuli 1924<br/>[[President of France|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gaston Doumergue]] |17 (23)||3,089||2,954||135||126||44 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1924 Summer}} |- |1928<ref name=Games1928/> |{{sort|09|[[1928 Summer Olympics|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Amsterdam]] |align=left|{{flag|Netherlands}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1928<br/>[[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |rowspan="2"|14 (20)||2,883||2,606||277||109||46 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1928 Summer}} |- |1932<ref name=Games1932/> |{{sort|10|[[1932 Summer Olympics|X]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1912}} |30 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1932<br/>[[Vice President of the United States|Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Charles Curtis]] |1,332||1,206||126||117||37 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1932 Summer}} |- |1936<ref name=Games1936/> |{{sort|11|[[1936 Summer Olympics|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |1–16 Agusta 1936<br/>[[Chancellor of Germany|Kansila]] [[Adolf Hitler]] |19 (25)||3,963||3,632||331||129||49 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GER|1936 Summer}} |- |1940 |{{sort|12|[[1940 Summer Olympics|XII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]]<br />[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<br />{{flag|Finland}} !colspan="8"|''An fara ba Japan damar shirya gasar, daga baya aka ba Finland. An soke saboda [[World War II]]'' |- |1944 |{{sort|13|[[1944 Summer Olympics|XIII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |rowspan="2"|[[London]] |rowspan="2"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} !colspan="8"|''An soke saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' |- |1948<ref name=Games1948/> |{{sort|14|[[1948 Summer Olympics|XIV]]}} |29 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1948<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[George VI]] |rowspan="4"|17 (23)||4,104||3,714||390||136||59 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1948 Summer}} |- |1952<ref name=Games1952/> |{{sort|15|[[1952 Summer Olympics|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Finland}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1952<br/>[[President of Finland|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |4,955||4,436||519||149||69 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} |- |1956<ref name=Games1956/> |{{sort|16|[[1956 Summer Olympics|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]]<br />[[Stockholm]]{{efn|An gudanar da [[Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics|gasannin hawan dawakai]] a Stockholm, Sweden, watanni da dama kafin sauran gasannin da aka yi a Melbourne saboda dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Ostiraliya. Stockholm ta nemi izinin karɓar gasannin hawan dawakai daban.}} |align=left|{{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |22 Nuwamba – 8 Disamba 1956<br/>[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |3,314||2,938||376||151{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1956<ref name=Games1956/> ya nuna jimillar gasanni 151 (gasanni 145 a Melbourne da gasannin hawan dawakai guda shida a [[Stockholm]]).}}||72{{efn|Ƙasashe biyar daga cikin ƙasashe 72 da suka fafata a gasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm ba su halarci babban taron wasannin da aka yi a Melbourne ba.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1956 Summer}} |- |1960<ref name=Games1960/> |{{sort|17|[[1960 Summer Olympics|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Rome]] |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |25 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1960<br/>[[President of Italy|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Giovanni Gronchi]] |5,338||4,727||611||150||83 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1960 Summer}} |- |1964<ref name=Games1964/> |{{sort|18|[[1964 Summer Olympics|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}} |10–24 Oktoba 1964<br/>[[Emperor of Japan|Sarki]] [[Hirohito]] |19 (25)||5,151||4,473||678||163||93 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1964 Summer}} |- |1968<ref name=Games1968/> |{{sort|19|[[1968 Summer Olympics|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Mexico City]] |align=left|{{flag|Mexico}} |12–27 Oktoba 1968<br/>[[President of Mexico|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] |18 (24)||5,516||4,735||781||172||112 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1968 Summer}} |- |1972<ref name=Games1972/> |{{sort|20|[[1972 Summer Olympics|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Munich]] |align=left|{{flag|West Germany}} |26 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1972{{efn|An tsara wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972 su ƙare a ranar 10 Satumba 1972, amma an ɗage su da kwana ɗaya zuwa 11 Satumba, bayan dakatar da gasannin na tsawon sa'o'i 34 sakamakon [[Munich massacre]], wanda ya faru bayan rana ta 9.}}<br/>[[President of Germany|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustav Heinemann]] |21 (28)||7,134||6,075||1,059||195||121 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1972 Summer}} |- |1976<ref name=Games1976/> |{{sort|21|[[1976 Summer Olympics|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Montreal]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |17 Yuli – 1 Agusta 1976<br/>[[Monarchy of Canada|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |rowspan="2"|21 (27)||6,084||4,824||1,260||198||92 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1976 Summer}} |- |1980<ref name=Games1980/> |{{sort|22|[[1980 Summer Olympics|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Moscow]] |align=left|{{flag|Soviet Union}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1980<br/>[[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Shugaban Presidium]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]]{{efn|Bayanan IOC sun nuna cewa Brezhnev ya buɗe wasannin Moscow a matsayin "Shugaban ƙasa", taken da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ga shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet, ko shugaban ƙasa a bisa doka. (Ba a ƙirƙiri ofishin [[President of the Soviet Union]] ba sai a shekarar 1990, shekara guda kafin ƙasar ta [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|rarrabu]].)<ref name=FactsheetSOG>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad|pages=4–5|date=6 October 2021|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212924/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref>}} |5,179||4,064||1,115||203||80 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1980 Summer}} |- |1984<ref name=Games1984/> |{{sort|23|[[1984 Summer Olympics|XXIII]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1984<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Ronald Reagan]] |21 (29)||6,829||5,263||1,566||221||140 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} |- |1988<ref name=Games1988/> |{{sort|24|[[1988 Summer Olympics|XXIV]]}} |align=left|[[Seoul]] |align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}} |17 Satumba – 2 Oktoba 1988<br/>[[President of South Korea|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] |23 (31)||8,391||6,197||2,194||237||159 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} |- |1992<ref name=Games1992/> |{{sort|25|[[1992 Summer Olympics|XXV]]}} |align=left|[[Barcelona]] |align=left|{{flag|Spain}} |25 Yuli – 9 Agusta 1992<br/>[[Monarchy of Spain|Sarki]] [[Juan Carlos I]] |25 (34)||9,356||6,652||2,704||257||169 |align=left|{{flagIOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} |- |1996<ref name=Games1996/> |{{sort|26|[[1996 Summer Olympics|XXVI]]}} |align=left|[[Atlanta]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |19 Yuli - 4 Agusta 1996<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Bill Clinton]] |26 (37)||10,318||'''6,806'''||3,512||271||197 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1996 Summer}} |- |2000<ref name=Games2000/> |{{sort|27|[[2000 Summer Olympics|XXVII]]}} |align=left|[[Sydney]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |15 Satumba – 1 Oktoba 2000<br/>[[Governor-General of Australia|Gwamna-Janar Sir]] [[William Deane]] |rowspan="2"|28 (40)||10,651||6,582||4,069||300||199 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2000 Summer}} |- |2004<ref name=Games2004/> |{{sort|28|[[2004 Summer Olympics|XXVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Greece}} |13–29 Agusta 2004<br/>[[President of Greece|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]] |10,625||6,296||4,329||301||201 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2004 Summer}} |- |2008<ref name=Games2008/> |{{sort|29|[[2008 Summer Olympics|XXIX]]}} |align=left|[[Beijing]] |align=left|{{flag|China}} |8–24 Agusta 2008<br/>[[President of China|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Hu Jintao]] |28 (41)||10,942||6,305||4,637||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} |- |2012<ref name=Games2012/> |{{sort|30|[[2012 Summer Olympics|XXX]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |27 Yuli – 12 Agusta 2012<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |26 (39)||10,768||5,992||4,776||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2012 Summer}} |- |2016<ref name=Games2016/> |{{sort|31|[[2016 Summer Olympics|XXXI]]}} |align=left|[[Rio de Janeiro]] |align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |5–21 Agusta 2016<br/>[[President of Brazil|Mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Michel Temer]] |28 (42)||11,238||6,179||5,059||306||'''207''' |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer}} |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|[[2020 Summer Olympics|XXXII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 Yuli – 8 Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin tun farko daga 24 Yuli zuwa 9 Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kiran taron wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna zangon Olympics na 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zangon Olympics na shekaru |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|XXXII}} |align=left|Tokyo |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin ne tun farko daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda annobar COVID-19. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kiran taron da sunan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna Olimpiad ta 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zagayowar Olimpiad na shekaru huɗu.<ref name=postponement/>}}<br/>[[Sarkin Japan|Sarki]] Naruhito |33 (50)||'''11,476'''||5,982||'''5,494'''||339||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2020 Summer}} |- |2024<ref name=Games2024/> |{{sort|33|XXXIII}} |align=left|Paris |align=left|{{flag|France}} |26 ga Yuli – 11 ga Agusta 2024<br/>[[Shugaban Faransa|Shugaba]] Emmanuel Macron |32 (48)||10,714||5,357||5,357||329||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2024 Summer}} |- |''2028''<ref name=Games2028/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2029; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|34|''XXXIV''}} |align=left|''Los Angeles'' |align=left|''{{flag|United States}}'' |''14–30 ga Yuli 2028<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT add president or vice president; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the other column headings.--> |'''36 (51)'''||''11,198''{{efn|name=LA28quota|Shirin wasannin LA28 ya kiyaye adadin ’yan wasa na asali 10,500, tare da ƙarin guraben ’yan wasa 698 da aka ware wa wasannin zaɓi guda biyar da kwamitin shirya LA28 ya gabatar. Jimillar ta ƙunshi ’yan wasa maza 5,167 da mata 5,333. Wannan zai kasance karo na farko da wasannin Olympics za su ƙunshi mata fiye da maza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/la28-event-programme-marks-strong-commitment-towards-innovation-and-gender-equality|title=LA28 event programme marks strong commitment towards innovation and gender equality|date=9 April 2025|website=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>}}||''5,167''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||''5,333''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||'''353'''||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2032''<ref name=Games2032/> |{{sort|35|''XXXV''}} |align=left|''Brisbane'' |align=left|''{{flag|Australia}}'' |''23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2032<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT change these dates of 2032 or add current spouse of the king; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the column headings.--> |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2036''<ref name=Games2036/> |{{sort|36|''XXXVI''}} | | |''Ba a sanar ba'' |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} b4b4v0hjmebawu7i3nvlljcf7izkm1m 966088 966087 2026-10-11T07:35:18Z Nura Bello 24854 966088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara''', waɗanda aka fi sani da '''Olympics na ba'zara''' ko '''Wasannin Olympiad''', wani babban taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya wanda yawanci ake gudanarwa sau ɗaya a duk bayan shekaru huɗu. An gudanar da wasannin farko ne a shekarar 1896 a Athens, wadda a lokacin take cikin Masarautar Girka, yayin da aka gudanar da na baya-bayan nan a shekarar 2024 a Paris, Faransa. Wannan shi ne taron wasanni na ƙasashen duniya na farko mai irin wannan tsari, wanda Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) ya shirya, wanda Pierre de Coubertin ya kafa.<ref name="britannica.com">{{Cite web|date=2 August 2024|title=Summer Olympic Games {{!}} Dates, Locations, Facts, & Athletes {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Summer-Olympic-Games|access-date=2 August 2024|website=britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> An fara al'adar bayar da lambobin yabo a shekarar 1904; a kowane taron Olympics, ana ba da lambar zinare ga wanda ya zo na farko, lambar azurfa ga wanda ya zo na biyu, da lambar tagulla ga wanda ya zo na uku. An ƙirƙiri Wasannin Olympics na hunturu ne sakamakon nasarar Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara, waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi girma kuma mafi daraja a cikin tarukan wasanni na ƙasashen duniya. Wasannin Olympics na ba'zara sun ƙaru sosai tun daga gasannin da suka ƙunshi wasanni 42 a shekarar 1896, tare da maza masu fafatawa ƙasa da 250 daga ƙasashe 14, zuwa wasanni 339 a shekarar 2021 (Wasannin Olympics na 2020), tare da masu fafatawa 11,319 (kusan rabinsu mata) daga ƙasashe 206. An gudanar da wasannin a ƙasashe 19 a nahiyoyi biyar: sau huɗu a Amurka (1904, 1932, 1984, da 1996), sau uku a Birtaniya (1908, 1948, da 2012) da Faransa (1900, 1924, da 2024), sau biyu a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Girka (1896 da 2004), Jamus (1936 da 1972), Australia (1956 da 2000), da Japan (1964 da 2020), sannan sau ɗaya a kowace ƙasa daga cikin Sweden (1912), Belgium (1920), Netherlands (1928), Finland (1952), Italiya (1960), Mexico (1968), Kanada (1976), Tarayyar Soviet (1980), Koriya ta Kudu (1988), Spain (1992), China (2008), da Brazil (2016). London da Paris sun karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku, yayin da Los Angeles, Athens, da Tokyo kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu; Los Angeles za ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IOC makes historic decision in agreeing to award 2024 and 2028 Olympic Games at the same time|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-makes-historic-decision-in-agreeing-to-award-2024-and-2028-olympic-games-at-the-same-time|date=11 July 2017|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku ne kawai suka samu aƙalla lambar yabo guda ɗaya a dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara: Australia, Faransa, da Birtaniya. Birtaniya ce kaɗai ta samu aƙalla lambar zinare a kowane bugu na wasannin. Amurka ce ke kan gaba a jimillar lambobin yabo na dukkan wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ta kasance a saman jadawalin lambobin yabo sau 19, sai Tarayyar Soviet (sau bakwai, ciki har da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta 1992), sannan Faransa, Birtaniya, Jamus, da China (sau ɗaya kowannensu). ==Karɓar bakuncin wasanni== [[File:Summer Olympics.svg|thumb|Taswirar wuraren da aka gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara – an yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya launin kore, yayin da aka yi wa ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncinsu sau biyu ko fiye launin shuɗi.]] Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau huɗu: wasannin 1904 a St. Louis, Missouri; wasannin 1932 da 1984 a Los Angeles, California; da wasannin 1996 a Atlanta, Georgia. Wasannin 2028 da za a gudanar a Los Angeles za su zama karo na biyar da Amurka ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara. A shekarar 1924, Paris ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu, yayin da a shekarar 2012, London ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncinsu sau uku. Paris ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin karo na uku a shekarar 2024, yayin da Los Angeles za ta yi hakan a shekarar 2028. Tokyo (1964 da 2020) da Athens (1896 da 2004, ba tare da haɗa wasannin 1906 ba) kowannensu ya karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu. Australia, Jamus, Girka, da Japan duk sun karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara sau biyu (Australia za ta karɓi bakuncinsu karo na uku a shekarar 2032). Tokyo ce birni na farko a wajen ƙasashen da galibi ake magana da Turanci da kuma ƙasashen Turai da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schaffer|first1=Kay|title=The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games|date=2000|page=271}}</ref> ita ce kuma birni mafi girma da ya taɓa karɓar bakuncin wasannin, domin ta bunƙasa sosai tun daga shekarar 1964. Sauran ƙasashen da suka karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na bazara su ne Belgium, Brazil, Kanada, China, Finland, Italiya, Mexico, Netherlands, Koriya ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Spain, da Sweden, inda kowace daga cikinsu ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau ɗaya. Asiya ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau huɗu: a Tokyo (1964 da 2020), Seoul (1988), da Beijing (2008). Wasannin 2016 da aka gudanar a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, su ne wasannin Olympics na bazara na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Amurka, sannan su ne na farko da aka gudanar gaba ɗaya a lokacin da ake kira "hunturu" a yankin. Ƙasashe biyu ne kawai a yankin Kudancin Duniya suka karɓi bakuncin wasannin: Australia (1956, 2000, da kuma 2032) da Brazil (2016), yayin da har yanzu ba a taɓa gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na bazara a Afirka ba. Stockholm, Sweden, ta karɓi bakuncin wasanni a lokuta biyu na Wasannin Olympics na bazara, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1912 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin hawan dawakai na Olympics na bazara na 1956 (wanda dokokin keɓe masu zuwa ƙasa suka hana gudanarwa a Melbourne, Australia).<ref name="Games1956" /> Amsterdam, Netherlands, ita ma ta karɓi bakuncin wasu wasanni a Wasannin Olympics na bazara guda biyu, inda ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin 1928 gaba ɗaya, sannan ta karɓi bakuncin gasannin tseren jiragen ruwa guda biyu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 1920. A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2008, Hong Kong ta samar da wuraren gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai, waɗanda aka gudanar a Sha Tin da Kwu Tung. Karɓar bakuncin wasannin yana buƙatar manyan zuba jari a kayayyakin more rayuwa na birni, kuma yana hanzarta irin waɗannan zuba jarin.<ref name=jrs>{{Cite journal |last=Short |first=John R. |date=December 2008 |title=Globalization, cities and the Summer Olympics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13604810802478888 |journal=City |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=321–340 |doi=10.1080/13604810802478888 |bibcode=2008City...12..321S |issn=1360-4813}}</ref> A yanzu wasannin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsare-tsaren shugabannin birane na ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar biranensu da sauran duniya da kuma gasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki.<ref name=jrs/> ==Tarihi== ===Shekarun farko=== [[File:1906 Intercalated Olympic Games Opening Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko a filin wasa na Panathenaic, Athens]] An kafa Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya (IOC) a shekarar 1894, lokacin da Pierre de Coubertin, wani malamin Faransa kuma masanin tarihi, ya nemi inganta fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar gasannin wasanni. An gudanar da bugu na farko na Wasannin Olympics a Athens a shekarar 1896, kuma ya jawo masu fafatawa 245 kawai, waɗanda sama da 200 daga cikinsu 'yan Girka ne, kuma ƙasashe 14 ne kawai suka halarta. Duk da haka, ba a taɓa shirya wani taron ƙasa da ƙasa mai girman wannan ba a baya. Ba a ba wa mata damar fafatawa ba, duk da cewa wata mace mai suna Stamata Revithi ta yi gudun tseren gudun fanfalaki ita kaɗai, tana mai cewa, "Idan kwamitin bai bar ni in fafata ba, zan bi su ko ta yaya".<ref name=Revithi>{{cite journal|author = Tarasouleas, Athanasios|date =Summer 1993|title = The Female Spiridon Loues|journal = Citius, Altius, Fortius|volume = 1|issue = 3|pages = 11–12|url = http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|access-date = 26 June 2012|archive-date = 25 June 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625162746/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n3/JOHv1n3e.pdf|url-status = dead }}</ref> Mata sun fara shiga gasanni a hukumance a wasannin Paris na shekarar 1900, inda mata 22 suka fafata a wasanni biyar. Shigar mata ta ƙaru sosai tun daga lokacin, inda kusan rabin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a wasannin baya-bayan nan mata ne.<ref name="britannica.com"/> Wasannin Olympics na 1896, waɗanda a hukumance aka sani da Wasannin Olympiad, wani taron wasanni ne na ƙasashen duniya da aka gudanar a Athens, Girka, daga 6 zuwa 15 ga Afrilu 1896. Su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a zamanin zamani. Kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka halarci bikin buɗe wasannin. 'Yan wasan sun fito daga ƙasashe 14, inda mafi yawansu suka fito daga Girka. Duk da cewa Girka ce ta fi yawan 'yan wasa, Amurka ce ta kammala da mafi yawan waɗanda suka zama zakarun wasanni; Amurkawa 11 ne suka zo na farko a wasanninsu, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Girka 10.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Swifter, Higher, Stronger|last = Macy|first = Sue|publisher = National Geographic|year = 2004|isbn = 0-7922-6667-6|location = Washington D.C., United States|pages = [https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16 16]|url-access = registration|url = https://archive.org/details/swifterhigherstr00macy/page/16}}</ref> Tsohuwar Girka ita ce mahaifar Wasannin Olympics, saboda haka aka ɗauki Athens a matsayin wurin da ya dace don gudanar da wasannin Olympics na zamani na farko. An zaɓi Athens a matsayin birnin da zai karɓi bakuncin wasannin baki ɗaya a wani taro da Pierre de Coubertin ya shirya a Paris, ranar 23 ga Yuni 1894. An kuma kafa IOC a wannan taron. Duk da matsaloli da koma-baya da dama, an ɗauki wasannin Olympics na 1896 a matsayin babban nasara. Wasannin sun samu halartar ƙasashe daban-daban fiye da kowane taron wasanni da aka gudanar kafin wannan lokaci. Filin wasa na Panathenaic, filin wasa na farko mai girma a duniyar zamani, ya cika makil da mafi yawan taron jama'a da suka taɓa kallon wani taron wasanni.<ref>{{cite book|last=Young|first=David C.|date=1996|title=The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5374-6|page=144}}</ref> Babban abin farin ciki ga 'yan Girka shi ne nasarar da ɗan ƙasarsu Spiridon Louis, mai ɗaukar ruwa, ya samu a tseren Marathon. Ya lashe gasar cikin sa'o'i 2, mintuna 58 da daƙiƙa 50, lamarin da ya jawo murna mai yawa a filin wasan. Wanda ya fi samun nasara a gasar shi ne Carl Schuhmann, ɗan Jamus, mai kokawa kuma ɗan wasan motsa jiki, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu. Jami'an Girka da jama'a sun nuna matuƙar farin ciki da kwarewar karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics. Da yawa daga cikin 'yan wasan sun yi irin wannan ra'ayi, har ma suka nemi a mai da Athens birnin da zai riƙa karɓar bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na dindindin. IOC ta yi niyyar gudanar da wasannin da za su biyo baya a birane daban-daban a faɗin duniya. An gudanar da Olympics na biyu a Paris.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200417042610/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/summer/1896/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 17 April 2020|title= 1896 Athina Summer Games|publisher= Sports Reference|access-date=31 January 2009}}</ref> Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Wasannin Olympics na 1900 a Paris sun jawo 'yan wasa fiye da sau huɗu na waɗanda suka halarta a baya, ciki har da mata 20, waɗanda aka ba su damar fafatawa a hukumance a karon farko a wasannin croquet, golf, tuƙin jirgin ruwa, da tennis. An haɗa wasannin da Baje kolin Duniya na Paris na shekarar 1900, kuma sun ɗauki sama da watanni biyar. An yi ta samun saɓani game da ainihin wasannin da ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin na Olympics, domin wasu wasannin na ƙwararru ne, wasu suna da ƙa'idojin cancanta na musamman, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da masu fafatawa daga ƙasashen duniya. [[File:Francis Field 1904.jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Francis Olympic Field na Jami'ar Washington da ke St. Louis a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1904]] [[File:Dorando Pietri 1908.jpg|thumb|Dorando Pietri yana kammala tseren Marathon na zamani a shekarar 1908, wanda aka gudanar a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu.]] Rikice-rikicen da yaƙin Rasha da Japan ya haifar da kuma wahalar tafiya zuwa St. Louis na iya zama sanadin halartar 'yan wasa kaɗan daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa daga wajen Amurka da Kanada a Wasannin Olympics na 1904, waɗanda su ne wasannin farko da aka gudanar a wajen Turai. An fara amfani da tsarin lambobin yabo uku na yanzu, wato zinare, azurfa, da tagulla ga waɗanda suka zo na farko, na biyu, da na uku, a Olympics na 1904.<ref name=FactsheetGames>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet - The Games of the Olympiad|page=1|date=16 November 2021|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717170215/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da "Wasannin Olympics na Ƙasashen Duniya na Biyu a Athens", kamar yadda aka kira su a lokacin, a shekarar 1906.<ref name="lennartz">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|title=The 2nd International Olympic Games in Athens 1906|first=Karl|last=Lennartz|via=LA84 Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515105421/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1i.pdf|archive-date=15 May 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> A halin yanzu IOC ba ta amince da waɗannan wasannin a matsayin wasannin Olympics na hukuma ba, duk da cewa masana tarihi da dama sun amince da su, kuma suna ganin cewa wasannin 1906 sun taimaka wajen hana gushewar Olympics. Wasannin Athens na 1906 su ne na farko a cikin jerin wasannin da aka shirya gudanarwa a Athens a kowace shekara mai lamba ko da ba shekarar Olympics ba ce, amma ba a ci gaba da gudanar da wannan jerin wasannin ba. Wasannin sun fi na 1900 da 1904 nasara, inda sama da 'yan wasa 850 suka fafata, kuma sun taimaka wajen samun nasarar wasannin da suka biyo baya. Wasannin London na 1908 sun sake samun ƙarin masu fafatawa, tare da gudanar da tseren Marathon a karon farko a tazarar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu, wato kilomita 42.195 (mil 26 da yadi 385). Tseren Marathon na farko a Olympics na 1896, wanda maza kawai suka fafata, an gudanar da shi a tazarar kilomita 40 (mil 24 da yadi 85). An zaɓi sabon tazarar Marathon ne domin a tabbatar cewa za a kammala tseren a gaban wurin da dangin sarautar Birtaniya suke zaune. Saboda haka, tazarar Marathon ta kasance kilomita 40 a wasannin farko na shekarar 1896, amma daga baya an riƙa sauya ta da kusan kilomita 2 gwargwadon yanayin wurin, kamar tsarin tituna da filin wasa. A wasannin Olympics guda shida da aka gudanar tsakanin 1900 da 1920, an yi tseren Marathon a tazara shida daban-daban. A wasannin, Birtaniya ta lashe lambobin yabo 146, wato fiye da Amurkawa da suka zo na biyu da lambobi 99, kuma wannan shi ne sakamakonta mafi girma har zuwa yau. A ƙarshen tseren Marathon na 1908, ɗan tseren Italiya Dorando Pietri ne ya fara shiga filin wasa, amma yana cikin mawuyacin hali kuma ya faɗi saboda gajiya kafin ya kammala tseren. Jami'an gasar da suka damu sun taimaka masa ya ketare layin ƙarshe, amma daga baya aka cire shi daga gasar. A matsayin diyya saboda rashin samun lambar yabo, Sarauniya Alexandra ta ba Pietri ƙoƙon azurfa mai rufi da zinare. Arthur Conan Doyle ya rubuta rahoto na musamman game da tseren a jaridar Daily Mail.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Lovesey, Peter|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|title=Conan Doyle and the Olympics|journal=Journal of Olympic History|volume=10|date=December 2001|pages=6–9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016144350/http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv10n1/JOHv10n1h.pdf|archive-date=16 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasannin sun ci gaba da bunƙasa, inda suka jawo masu fafatawa 2,504 a Stockholm a shekarar 1912, ciki har da fitaccen ɗan wasa Jim Thorpe, wanda ya lashe gasar decathlon da pentathlon. Thorpe ya taɓa buga wasu wasannin baseball a kan kuɗi, kuma aka ƙwace lambobin yabonsa saboda wannan "saɓawar" dokar zaman mai son wasa, bayan korafe-korafen Avery Brundage. An mayar masa da lambobin a shekarar 1983, shekaru 30 bayan mutuwarsa. Wasannin Stockholm su ne na farko da suka cika ainihin ra'ayin Pierre de Coubertin. A karon farko tun lokacin da aka fara wasannin a shekarar 1896, dukkan nahiyoyi biyar da mutane ke zaune a cikinsu sun samu wakilci, inda 'yan wasa suka fafata a filin wasa guda. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1916 a Berlin, amma aka soke su bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. ===Tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe=== Wasannin Antwerp na 1920 a Belgium, wadda yaƙi ya lalata, ba su kasance cikin yanayi mai armashi ba, amma sun sake jawo adadin masu fafatawa mafi girma. Wannan tarihi bai daɗe ba, domin a shekarar 1924 wasannin Paris sun samu masu fafatawa 3,000, inda fitaccen ɗan wasan ya kasance ɗan tseren Finland Paavo Nurmi. Wanda aka fi sani da "Flying Finn" ya lashe lambobin zinare uku na ƙungiya da kuma tseren mita 1,500 da mita 5,000 na mutum ɗaya, inda aka gudanar da tseren biyun na ƙarshe a rana guda.<ref>{{cite web|title=Paavo Nurmi – Life Story|url=https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/|access-date=16 March 2020|publisher=The Sports Museum of Finland|website=paavonurmi.fi|url-status=live|archive-date=14 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140114141920/https://paavonurmi.fi/en/life-story/ }}</ref> Paris ta karɓi bakuncin Wasannin Olympics na 1924, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu. Waɗannan su ne wasannin ƙarshe da aka gudanar a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Pierre de Coubertin na IOC, wanda ake kira uban Olympics na zamani. A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da taken Olympics na ''Citius, Altius, Fortius'' (Wuri, Sama, Ƙarfi), ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics, da kuma Wasannin Olympics na hunturu a matsayin "Makon Wasannin Hunturu na Ƙasashen Duniya". Wasannin Amsterdam na 1928 sun shahara saboda kasancewarsu wasannin farko da aka ba wa mata damar fafatawa a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle. Sun kuma amfana sosai daga bunƙasar tattalin arziki da aka samu a wannan lokaci, tare da fara tallafawa wasannin ta hanyar kamfanoni, inda Kamfanin Coca-Cola ya zama na farko. A wasannin 1928 ne IOC ta gabatar da daidaitaccen tsarin zane na lambar yabo, inda aka zaɓi zanen Giuseppe Cassioli na allahiyar Girka Nike, tare da wanda ya yi nasara ana ɗaukarsa a kan kafaɗun taron jama'a. An ci gaba da amfani da wannan zane har zuwa shekarar 1972. Wasannin Olympics na Los Angeles na 1932 sun kasance na farko da aka samar da ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympics<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|title=1932 Los Angeles Olympic Athlete's Village - Baldwin Hills- Baldwin Hills Information|access-date=July 22, 2019|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208202059/http://www.baldwinhills.info/olympicvillage.php|url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma dandamalin tsayawar waɗanda suka yi nasara.<ref name=NPS-LANDMARK>[http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114222329/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1884&ResourceType=Structure |date=November 14, 2007 }}, National Landmarks Program, National Park Service, ''Accessed November 12, 2007.''</ref><ref name=Podium>Martin, D. E., Martin, D. A., & Gynn, R. W. (2000). The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics. p. 146.</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R82532, Berlin, Olympia-Stadion (Luftaufnahme).jpg|thumb|Filin wasa na Olympiastadion da ke Berlin a lokacin Wasannin Olympics na 1936]] Gwamnatin Jamus ta ɗauki Wasannin Berlin na 1936 a matsayin wata babbar dama ta yaɗa akidarta. Jam'iyyar Nazi mai mulki ta ɗauki hayar mai shirya fina-finai Leni Riefenstahl domin yin fim ɗin wasannin. Fim ɗin, ''Olympia'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin fitaccen aikin fasaha, duk da cewa an haɗa ra'ayoyin Adolf Hitler na fifikon launin fata na Aryan a cikinsa. A gasannin mutum ɗaya, Jesse Owens, Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka mai tseren gudu da tsalle-tsalle, ya lashe lambobin zinare huɗu, yayin da ƙasar da ta karɓi bakuncin ta lashe lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo mafi yawa. A Wasannin Berlin na 1936 ne aka fara gabatar da tseren isar da wutar Olympics.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7330949.stm|title=The Olympic torch's shadowy past|work=BBC News|access-date=4 August 2008|date=5 April 2008|url-status=live|archive-date=12 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112104421/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7330949.stm}}</ref> Saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an soke Wasannin Olympics na 1940, waɗanda aka shirya gudanarwa a Tokyo, amma daga baya aka mayar da su Helsinki na ɗan lokaci bayan barkewar Yaƙin Sin da Japan na Biyu. An shirya gudanar da Wasannin Olympics na 1944 a London, amma su ma aka soke. Maimakon haka, London ta karɓi bakuncin wasannin Olympics na farko bayan ƙarshen yaƙin a shekarar 1948. ===Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu=== An gudanar da wasannin Olympics na farko bayan yaƙi a London a shekarar 1948, inda aka hana Jamus da Japan shiga gasar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html|title=Germany and Japan Are Banned As Participants in '48 Olympics; Other Enemy Countries, Including Italy, Are Likely to Receive Bids, However-- Organizing Group Reveals Plans|date=24 January 1947|newspaper=The New York Times|page=25|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=27 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327010440/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/01/24/archives/germany-and-japan-are-banned-as-participants-in-48-olympics-other.html}}</ref> 'Yar tseren Netherlands Fanny Blankers-Koen ta lashe lambobin zinare huɗu a wasannin guje-guje, inda ta maimaita nasarar da Owens ya samu a Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century|title=Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen who was crowned Female Athlete of the 20th Century|date=23 January 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211907/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/01/23/sports/dutch-sprinter-fanny-blankers-koen-who-was-crowned-female-athlete-20th-century}}</ref> A Wasannin Olympics na Helsinki na 1952, tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta fafata a karon farko kuma cikin sauri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawagogin gasar, inda ta zo ta biyu a yawan lambobin zinare da jimillar lambobin yabo da ta samu. Ana iya danganta nasararta ta farko da bullar tsarin 'yan wasa masu cikakken lokaci waɗanda gwamnati ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Tarayyar Soviet ta shigar da tawagogin 'yan wasa waɗanda a hukumance dukkansu ɗalibai ne, sojoji, ko masu aiki a wasu sana'o'i, amma a zahiri gwamnati ce ke biyan yawancinsu domin su riƙa horo na cikakken lokaci, wanda hakan ya saɓa wa dokokin zaman ɗan wasa mai son wasa.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902183140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976117-1,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 September 2009|title=Traditions Pro Vs. Amateur|last=Benjamin|first=Daniel|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=18 March 2009|date=27 July 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schantz|first=Otto|title=The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses – from Coubertin to Samaranch|publisher=Comité International Pierre De Coubertin|url=http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|website=coubertin.ch|access-date=13 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html|title=How the Russians break the Olympic rules|journal=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=15 April 1980|last=Vinokur|first=Boris|url-status=live|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331200107/https://www.csmonitor.com/1980/0415/041531.html}}</ref><ref name="A Real Pro">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html|title=Soviet Amateur Athlete: A Real Pro|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=J. N. Washburn|date=21 July 1974|page=2|url-status=live|archive-date=19 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419153414/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/21/archives/soviet-amateur-athlete-a-real-pro-dr-john-nelson-washburn-is-an.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html|title=Sports in Soviet Union Only for Elite : There Are Top Athletes, and Then There Are Those Who Sunbathe and Watch Drawbridges Go Up|date=22 July 1986|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Bob|last=Oates|url-status=live|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412113717/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-22-sp-30740-story.html}}</ref> Finland ta yi fice a gasar ta hanyar wani hafsan sojan Czechoslovakia mai suna Emil Zátopek, wanda ya kasance mai fara'a kuma ya ƙuduri aniyar inganta nasarorin lambobin zinare da azurfa guda ɗaya da ya samu a shekarar 1948. Bayan ya fara lashe tseren mita 10,000 da mita 5,000, ya kuma shiga tseren gudun fanfalaki, duk da cewa bai taɓa yin tseren irin wannan tazara a baya ba. Yana tattaunawa da sauran shugabannin tseren yayin da yake tafiya, Zátopek ya jagoranci gasar daga kusan rabin tazara, yana barin sauran masu fafatawa a hankali, har ya yi nasara da tazarar mintuna biyu da rabi, inda ya kammala jerin nasarori uku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|title=Marking the centenary of the birth of Zatopek|date=19 September 2022|last=Turnbull|first=Simon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=2 July 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227032616/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/emil-zatopek-olympic-treble-helsinki-1952|url-status=live}}</ref> Wasannin Melbourne na 1956, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Kudancin Duniya, sun yi nasara sosai, sai dai wasan polo na ruwa tsakanin Hungary da Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya ƙare da faɗa tsakanin 'yan wasan saboda mamayar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260|title=Blood in the water: Hungary's 1956 water polo gold|last=Reid|first=Kirsty|date=20 August 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=13 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013081617/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-14575260}}</ref> An gudanar da wasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm saboda barkewar cutar ƙafa da baki a Birtaniya a lokacin, da kuma tsauraran dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Australia. A Wasannin Olympics na Rome na 1960, wani matashin ɗan dambe mai nauyin light-heavyweight mai suna Cassius Clay, wanda daga baya aka san shi da Muhammad Ali, ya bayyana a fagen wasanni. Daga baya Ali ya jefar da lambar zinare tasa cikin fushi bayan an hana shi hidima a wani gidan cin abinci na masu farar fata kawai a garinsu na Louisville, Kentucky.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wallechinsky|first=David|author2=Jamie Loucky|date=2008|title=The Complete Book of the Olympics, 2008 Edition|publisher=[[Aurum Press]]|isbn=978-1-84513-330-6|pages=453–454 }}</ref> An ba shi sabuwar lambar yabo bayan shekaru 36, a Wasannin Olympics na 1996 a Atlanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing|title=Why Muhammad Ali received a second Olympic gold medal in 1996|date=4 May 2020|website=[[NBC Olympic broadcasts]]|access-date=13 August 2022|author=OlympicTalk|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703091942/https://www.nbcsports.com/olympic/news/muhammad-ali-olympic-gold-medal-boxing}}</ref> Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan da suka yi fice a shekarar 1960 sun haɗa da Wilma Rudolph, wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare a tseren mita 100, mita 200, da tseren gudun mita 4 × 100 na mata.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa|title=Sixty years since historic Olympic triple, Rudolph's legacy lives on|date=2 September 2020|last=Mulkeen|first=Jon|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://web.archive.org/web/20200902205735/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/wilma-rudolph-1960-olympics-100m-usa}}</ref> Wasannin Tokyo na 1964 su ne wasannin Olympics na farko da aka gudanar a Asiya kuma aka watsa su kai tsaye a talabijin a faɗin duniya, sakamakon bullar tauraron ɗan adam na sadarwa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time|title=How the 1964 Games brought live Olympic Sports to the United States for the first time|date=8 January 2019|last=Kortemeier|first=Todd|website=[[United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee|Team USA]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407173559/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2019/January/08/How-The-1964-Games-Brought-Live-Olympic-Sports-To-The-United-States-For-The-First-Time}}</ref> Waɗannan wasannin sun zama wani muhimmin sauyi wajen yaɗuwar shahara da karɓuwar Olympics a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon zamanin sadarwa na zamani. An fara gabatar da wasan judo a matsayin wasan Olympics na hukuma, kuma ɗan wasan judo na Netherlands Anton Geesink ya jawo hankula lokacin da ya lashe wasan ƙarshe na rukunin nauyin da ba a kayyade ba, inda ya doke Akio Kaminaga a gaban magoya bayansa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter|title=Tokyo 1964: The First Chapter|date=8 July 2021|last=Messner|first=Nicolas|website=[[International Judo Federation|IJF.org]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022132920/https://www.ijf.org/news/show/tokyo-1964-the-first-chapter}}</ref> [[File:Opening Ceremony Mexico 87 University Stadium.jpg|thumb|Bikin buɗe Wasannin Olympics na 1968 a birnin Mexico, waɗanda su ne na farko da aka gudanar a Latin Amurka]] An sami tasiri a sakamakon wasannin Olympics na 1968 a Mexico City saboda tsayin birnin daga matakin teku.<ref name=Games1968/> A waɗannan wasannin ne aka gabatar da dabarar tsalle-tsalle ta Fosbury flop, wadda daga baya ta zama sananniya a duk duniya. Wannan dabara ta taimaka wa Ba'amurke Dick Fosbury ya lashe lambar zinare a tsalle-tsalle na sama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop|title=50 years since the day Dick Fosbury revolutionised the high jump|date=20 October 2018|last=Minshull|first=Phil|work=[[World Athletics]]|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220445/https://worldathletics.org/news/feature/dick-fosbury-flop}}</ref> A bikin bayar da lambobin yabo na tseren mita 200 na maza, 'yan wasan Ba'amurke baƙaƙe Tommie Smith (wanda ya lashe zinare) da John Carlos (wanda ya lashe tagulla) sun nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin jama'a ta hanyar ɗaga hannayensu sanye da safar hannu baƙaƙe da kuma sanya safa baƙaƙe maimakon takalma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html|title=Black Power salute 50 years on: Iconic Olympics protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos remembered|date=24 April 2019|last=Parfitt|first=Tom|website=The Independent|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034505/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/black-power-salute-1968-50-years-olympics-tommie-smith-john-carlos-racism-mexico-city-a8587811.html}}</ref> Daga baya IOC ta kori 'yan wasan biyu daga wasannin. Věra Čáslavská, a matsayin nuna rashin amincewa da mamayar Czechoslovakia da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta a shekarar 1968, da kuma hukuncin da alkalai suka yanke mai cike da saɓani a wasannin katakon daidaita jiki da na motsa jiki a ƙasa, ta sunkuyar da kanta ta kau da ita daga tutar Tarayyar Soviet yayin da ake rera taken ƙasar a lokacin bikin bayar da lambobin yabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|date=20 October 2018|last=Reynolds|first=Tom|website=BBC Sport|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022024057/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref> Ta koma gida a matsayin jaruma a idon al'ummar Czechoslovakia, amma gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet ke iko da ita ta mayar da ita saniyar ware. [[File:Trauerfeier für die Opfer des Attentats in München (Kiel 53.824).jpg|thumb|upright|An saukar da tutar Olympics zuwa rabin sanda a Kiel, birnin da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa, bayan kisan kiyashin Munich a wasannin 1972]] Siyasa ta sake shiga tsakani a [[1972 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1972]] da aka gudanar a Munich, amma a wannan karon hakan ya haifar da mummunan sakamako. Wata ƙungiyar 'yan ta'addar Falasɗinawa mai suna Black September ta kutsa cikin ƙauyen 'yan wasan Olympic, sannan ta shiga ɗakin tawagar Isra'ila. Sun kashe Isra'ilawa biyu tare da yin garkuwa da wasu tara, suna neman Isra'ila ta saki fursunoni da dama. Lokacin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatun 'yan ta'addan, lamarin ya rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai cike da tashin hankali yayin da tattaunawa ke ci gaba. Daga ƙarshe, an ba masu garkuwar, waɗanda har yanzu suke riƙe da mutanen da suka yi garkuwa da su, damar tsira lafiya, sannan aka kai su wani filin jirgin sama, inda jami'an tsaron Jamus suka yi musu kwanton bauna. A musayar wutar da ta biyo baya, mutane 15 suka mutu, ciki har da 'yan wasan Isra'ila tara da aka yi garkuwa da su da kuma biyar daga cikin 'yan ta'addan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 26: The terrorist outrage in Munich in 1972|date=2 May 2012|last=Burnton|first=Simon|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219001325/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/may/02/50-stunning-olympic-moments-munich-72|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan doguwar muhawara, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da wasannin, amma abin fahimta ne cewa waɗannan abubuwan sun mamaye harkokin wasannin.<ref name=Games1972/> Duk da haka, an samu wasu fitattun nasarorin wasanni a lokacin wasannin, musamman nasarar ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Mark Spitz, wanda ya lashe lambobin zinare guda bakwai, adadin da ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin; Lasse Virén na Finland ya lashe zinare a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000 a jere; sannan fitacciyar 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Tarayyar Soviet Olga Korbut ta lashe lambobin zinare guda uku, ciki har da yin wani juyawa a iska na tarihi daga kan sandar motsa jiki ta sama. A wasan ƙarshe na kwallon kwando na maza, Amurka ta sha kashi a hannun Tarayyar Soviet, a wani wasa da ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da suka fi haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce a tarihin kwallon kwando na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|title= USA Basketball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822182059/http://www.usabasketball.com/history/moly_1972.html|archive-date=22 August 2007}}</ref> A cikin wani wasa mai tsananin fafatawa, tawagar Amurka ta yi kama da ta yi nasara da maki 50–49. Sai dai alkalai sun maimaita daƙiƙu ukun ƙarshe na wasan sau uku, har sai da tawagar Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara da ci 51–50.<ref>{{cite web|title=120 years, 120 stories (Part 15) : Soviets beat the Americans amidst controversies involving communist judges|date=3 March 2016|url=http://sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225062628/https://www.sports-nova.com/2016/03/04/120-years-120-stories-part-15-soviets-beat-americans-amidst-controversies-involving-communist-judges/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, tawagar Amurka ta ƙi karɓar lambobin azurfarsu. Babu irin wannan mummunan bala'i a Wasannin Montreal na [[1976 Summer Olympics|1976]], amma rashin kyakkyawan tsari da zamba sun sa kuɗin gudanar da wasannin ya yi matuƙar wuce kasafin kuɗin da aka tsara. Da aka kashe dala biliyan 1.5, kwatankwacin dala biliyan ${{Inflation|CA|1.5|1976|r=2}} a cikin shekarar {{Inflation-year|CA}},<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|title=Will Canada ever host another Olympics? If not, don't blame the 1976 Montreal Games|date=25 February 2019|last=Forrester|first=Nicole W.|newspaper=National Post|agency=The Canadian Press|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url= https://megalodon.jp/2026-0330-2012-15/https://nationalpost.com/news/will-canada-ever-host-another-olympics-if-not-dont-blame-the-1976-montreal-games|archive-date=30 March 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html|title=Olympics worth the price tag? The Montreal Legacy|date=19 July 2012|last=Newton|first=Paula|website=CNN|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=6 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306090945/https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/19/world/canada-montreal-olympic-legacy/index.html}}</ref> Wasannin bazara na 1976 sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin wasannin Olympic har zuwa lokacin [[2014 Winter Olympics]], kuma na ɗan wani lokaci ya yi kama da cewa wasannin Olympic ba za su ƙara zama wani abu da za a iya gudanarwa ta fuskar kuɗi ba. Daga baya, an yi imanin cewa 'yan kwangila, waɗanda ake zargin wasu daga cikinsu mambobin Mafia ta Montreal ne, sun karkatar da makudan kuɗaɗe daga matakai daban-daban na kwangiloli, tare da samun riba ta hanyar maye gurbin kayan gini masu inganci da wasu masu rahusa da ƙarancin inganci. Wataƙila hakan ya taimaka wajen haifar da jinkiri, rashin ingancin gine-gine da kuma tsadar kuɗi fiye da kima. A shekarar 1988, ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan 'yan kwangilar, Giuseppe Zappia, "an wanke shi daga zarge-zargen zamba da suka samo asali daga aikinsa a wuraren wasannin Olympic bayan manyan shaidu biyu sun mutu kafin su ba da shaida a shari'arsa".<ref>{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen H.|date=2009|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA551|page=551|isbn=978-0-470-83500-5|publisher=John Wiley & Sons Ltd}}</ref> Kasashen Afirka da dama sun kaurace wa Wasannin 1976 a matsayin zanga-zanga kan wata ziyarar baya-bayan nan da tawagar rugby ta ƙasar New Zealand ta kai Afirka ta Kudu wadda tsarin wariyar launin fata na apartheid ke mulki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa|title=Montreal Olympics photo flashback: Boycott targeted New Zealand, South Africa|date=18 July 2016|last=Riga|first=Andy|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|access-date=13 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121050323/https://montrealgazette.com/sports/montreal-olympics-photo-flashback-african-boycott-targeted-new-zealand-and-apartheid-south-africa}}</ref> 'Yar wasan motsa jiki ta Romania Nadia Comăneci ta kafa tarihi lokacin da ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar motsa jiki ta mata ta mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku guda biyu daga cikin huɗu da ake iya samu. Ta kuma lashe wasu gasa biyu na mutum ɗaya, inda ta samu maki cikakku biyu a wasan sandar daidaito da kuma maki cikakku a wasan sanduna marasa daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/|title=Moment in Time: 18 July, 1976 - Nadia Comaneci's perfect 10|date=25 September 2019|last=Bowman|first=Verity|website=The Telegraph|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-date=2 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002015903/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gymnastics/2019/09/25/moment-time-18-july-1976-nadia-comanecis-perfect-10/}}</ref> Lasse Virén ya sake maimaita nasarar zinare biyu a tseren mita 5,000 da mita 10,000, abin da ya sanya shi zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa lashe gasa biyu na nisan gudu sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976|title=Finnish Lasse Viren's Olympic Gold Double-Double at Munich 1972 and Montreal 1976|date=22 May 2022|last=Fernando|first=Shemal|newspaper=Sunday Observer|access-date=14 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601191153/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2022/05/22/sports/finnish-lasse-viren%E2%80%99s-olympic-gold-double-double-munich-1972-and-montreal-1976}}</ref> <!--Deleted image removed: [[File:1980 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|right|Closing Ceremony of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]], in Moscow, [[Soviet Union]], with bear cub [[Misha]], the mascot of that year's games, flying into the sky.]] --> ===Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20=== Bayan mamayar [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a shekarar 1979, ƙasashe 66, ciki har da Amurka, Kanada, Jamus ta Yamma da Japan, sun [[1980 Summer Olympics boycott|kaurace]] wa [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]] da aka gudanar a Moscow. Ƙasashe 80 ne suka halarci Wasannin Moscow – adadi mafi ƙanƙanta tun daga shekarar 1956. Kauracewar ta taimaka wajen sa Wasannin 1980 ba su samu yawan kulawar jama'a ba kuma ba su kasance masu tsananin gasa ba, inda ƙasar da ta karɓi baƙuncin wasannin ta mamaye su. A cewar ɗan jaridar Birtaniya [[Andrew Jennings]], wani kanal na [[KGB]] ya bayyana cewa jami'an hukumar sun yi kamar su jami'an yaƙi da amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari ne daga IOC, domin kawo cikas ga gwaje-gwajen [[doping test|ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari]]. An kuma ce an "ceto" 'yan wasan Soviet sakamakon waɗannan manyan ƙoƙarin.<ref name=DG2011>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E6QIYvAQMDUC|title= Drug Games: The International Olympic Committee and the Politics of Doping|first= Thomas M.|last= Hunt|date= 2011|publisher= University of Texas Press|isbn= 978-0-292-72328-3|page= 66 }}</ref> Dangane da [[1980 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1980]], wani bincike na Ostireliya da aka gudanar a shekarar 1989 ya ce "da kyar za ka samu wanda ya lashe lamba a Wasannin Moscow, musamman wanda ya lashe zinare, wanda ba ya amfani da wani nau'in ƙwaya; yawanci ma nau'o'i da dama. Da ma za a iya kiran Wasannin Moscow Wasannin Masana Kimiyyar Ƙwayoyi."<ref name=DG2011/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html|title=The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System.|last1=Aleksandrov|first1=Alexei|last2=Aleksandrov|first2=Grebeniuk|last3=Runets|first3=Volodymyr|publisher=|date=22 July 2020|website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|access-date=26 December 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225193733/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-1980-moscow-olympics-rank-as-the-cleanest-in-history-athletes-recall-how-the-u-s-s-r-cheated-the-system-/30741567.html}}</ref> Takardun da aka samu a shekarar 2016 sun bayyana shirye-shiryen Tarayyar Soviet na kafa tsarin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari a faɗin ƙasar a wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle domin shirye-shiryen [[1984 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1984]] a Los Angeles. Takardar, wadda aka rubuta kafin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar kaurace wa wasannin, ta yi bayani kan ayyukan da ake yi a lokacin wajen amfani da sinadaran steroid, tare da shawarwarin yadda za a ƙara inganta shirin.<ref name=NYT160813>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html|title=The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics|last=Ruiz|first=Rebecca R.|date=13 August 2016|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=1 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901184700/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/14/sports/olympics/soviet-doping-plan-russia-rio-games.html}}</ref> Dr. Sergei Portugalov na Cibiyar Ilimin Al'adu ta Jiki ne ya shirya wasiƙar da aka aika wa shugaban wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Tarayyar Soviet. Portugalov ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan mutanen da suka taka rawa wajen aiwatar da shirin amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari na Rasha kafin [[2016 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 2016]].<ref name=NYT160813/> A shekarar 1984, Tarayyar Soviet da [[Eastern Bloc|ƙasashe 13 masu ƙawance da ita]] sun rama ta hanyar [[1984 Summer Olympics boycott|kauracewa]] [[1984 Summer Olympics]] da aka gudanar a Los Angeles. [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] da [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] su ne ƙasashe biyu kacal daga Gabashin Turai da suka halarci Wasannin 1984. Wataƙila waɗannan wasannin su ne wasannin farko na wani sabon zamani da suka samu riba. Duk da cewa kauracewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta jagoranta ta rage yawan 'yan wasa a wasu wasanni, Kwamitocin Olympic na ƙasa 140 ne suka halarta, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi a lokacin.<ref name=Games1984/> Haka kuma, waɗannan wasannin su ne karo na farko da babban yankin China, wato Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China, ya shiga. [[1988 Summer Olympics|Wasannin 1988]] da aka gudanar a Seoul an shirya su sosai, amma wasannin sun fuskanci matsala lokacin da 'yan wasa da dama, musamman wanda ya lashe tseren mita 100 na maza [[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]], suka fadi gwaje-gwajen tilas na ƙwayoyin ƙara kuzari. Duk da kyawawan wasannin da 'yan wasa da dama suka yi ba tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi ba, yawan mutanen da suka fadi gwaje-gwajen sinadaran da ke ƙara ƙarfin wasa ya mamaye labaran wasannin. [[1992 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Barcelona na 1992]] sun ga shigar 'yan wasa daga ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwararrun wasanni na Arewacin Amurka, wato [[NBA]], wanda ya shahara musamman ta hanyar "[[1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team|Dream Team]]" na ƙwallon kwando na Amurka. Wasannin 1992 sun kuma ga sake komawar wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai cikin Wasannin, waɗanda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Occupation of the Baltic states|mamaye]] a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. A waɗannan wasannin, ɗan wasan motsa jiki [[Vitaly Scherbo]] ya kafa sabon tarihi na lashe lambobin zinare guda biyar na mutum ɗaya a Wasannin Olympics na bazara, kuma ya yi daidai da tarihin farko da [[Eric Heiden]] ya kafa a [[1980 Winter Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 1980]]. A wannan lokaci, tsarin zaɓen wurin da za a gudanar da Wasannin ya zama wani lamari na kasuwanci; an samu zarge-zarge masu yawa na cin hanci da rashawa waɗanda ake zargin za su iya shafar tsarin yanke shawara na IOC. A Wasannin Atlanta na [[1996 Summer Olympics]], ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da suka faru shi ne yadda ɗan tseren mita [[200 metres]] [[Michael Johnson (sprinter)|Michael Johnson]] ya karya tarihin duniya a gaban magoya bayansa na gida. Mutanen Kanada sun yi farin ciki da gudun da [[Donovan Bailey]] ya yi wanda ya ba shi lambar zinare a tseren mita 100. An kuma samu lokuta masu cike da tausayawa, kamar lokacin da Muhammad Ali, wanda [[Parkinson's disease|cutar Parkinson]] ta shafa sosai, ya kunna wutar Olympic sannan aka ba shi wata sabuwar lambar yabo a madadin wadda ya jefar a shekarar 1960. An sayar da tikiti miliyan 8.3 na abubuwan wasannin a wannan Olympics, wanda ya kasance sabon tarihi wanda ba a karya shi ba sai a shekarar 2024. Sai dai yanayin wasannin ya samu matsala lokacin da wata [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|bam ta fashe]] yayin bikin a Centennial Olympic Park. A watan Yunin 2003, an kama babban wanda ake zargi da hannu a wannan harin, [[Eric Robert Rudolph]]. [[File:2000 Sydney Women's long jump final.jpg|thumb|Wasannin [[2000 Summer Olympics]] a Sydney, Australia, an san su da suna "Wasannin Sabon Ƙarni".]] [[2000 Summer Olympics|Wasannin Olympics na 2000]], waɗanda aka gudanar a Sydney, Australia, sun nuna ƙwarewar 'yan wasa da dama, ciki har da fitattun 'yan wasan gida [[Ian Thorpe]] a wasan ninkaya da Cathy Freeman, wata 'yar asalin Ostireliya wadda nasararta a tseren mita [[400 metres]] ta haɗa kan ɗimbin jama'ar da suka cika filin wasa. Baturen nan [[Steve Redgrave]] ya lashe lambar zinare a wasan kwale-kwale, inda ya zama karo na biyar a jere da ya lashe zinare a wasannin Olympics, abin da ba a taɓa samun irinsa ba. Haka kuma, [[Eric Moussambani|Eric "the Eel" Moussambani]], ɗan wasan ninkaya daga Equatorial Guinea, ya samu babban kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ya kammala tseren ninkaya na mita 100 da lokaci mafi jinkiri da aka taɓa samu a tarihin Olympics. Duk da haka, ya lashe rukunin da ya shiga saboda abokan hamayyarsa biyu an cire su daga gasar sakamakon fara tseren kafin lokacin da aka tsara. 'Yar ƙasarsa [[Paula Barila Bolopa]] ita ma ta samu kulawar kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda jinkirin da ta yi da kuma yadda ta yi fama, amma ta nuna jarumtaka wajen kammala gasar. Wasannin Sydney sun kuma kasance karo na farko da tawagar haɗin gwiwa daga Koriya ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu ta bayyana tare a bukukuwan buɗe wasannin, duk da cewa sun fafata a dukkan wasannin a matsayin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. An samu ce-ce-ku-ce a wasan motsa jiki na mata lokacin da aka gano cewa an sa sandar tsalle da ba daidai ba a lokacin gasar da ta haɗa dukkan fannoni. ===Farkon ƙarni na 21=== A shekara ta 2004, Gasar Olympics ta koma inda aka haife ta, wato Athens, Girka. An kashe aƙalla dala biliyan 7.2 wajen gudanar da Gasar 2004, ciki har da dala biliyan 1.5 kan tsaro. Michael Phelps ya lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics na farko a rayuwarsa, inda ya samu zinare shida da tagulla biyu. Pyrros Dimas, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla, ya zama ɗan wasan ɗaga nauyi da ya fi kowa yawan lambobin yabo a tarihi, inda ya samu lambobin Olympics guda huɗu, zinare uku da tagulla ɗaya. Ko da yake rahotannin da ba su da tushe game da yiwuwar hare-haren ta'addanci sun sa jama'a suka nisanci wasannin farko a ƙarshen makon farko na Olympics (14–15 ga Agusta 2004), yawan masu kallo ya ƙaru yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. Ba a sayar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tikitin ba,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|work=USA Today|title=Tickets to Olympic events in Beijing sold out|date=28 July 2008|access-date=24 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305040248/https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/2008-07-28-olympics-tickets_N.htm|archive-date=5 March 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> amma har yanzu sayar da tikitin ta zarce adadin da aka samu a wasannin Olympics na Seoul da Barcelona (1988 da 1992). Shugaban IOC Jacques Rogge ya bayyana yadda Girka ta shirya gasar a matsayin abin ƙwarewa, sannan ya ce matakan tsaronta ba su da wani aibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm|work=BBC Sport|title=Rogge hails Athens success|date=29 August 2004|access-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-date=30 August 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830022624/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3609818.stm}}</ref> Dukkan kwamitocin Olympics na ƙasa (NOCs) guda 202 sun halarci Gasar Athens tare da mahalarta sama da 11,000. An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008 a Beijing, Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin. An gabatar da sabbin wasanni da dama, ciki har da sabon fannin BMX ga maza da mata. Mata sun fara shiga gasar tseren steeplechase a karon farko. An faɗaɗa shirin wasan takobi domin ya ƙunshi dukkanin nau'o'i shida ga maza da mata; a baya, mata ba sa iya shiga gasar ƙungiyar foil ko sabre, yayin da aka cire gasar ƙungiyar épée ta mata da foil ta maza daga waɗannan wasanni. An ƙara gasar ninkaya ta marathon mai tazarar kilomita 10. Haka kuma, an maye gurbin wasannin biyu-biyu na wasan tebur da wasannin ƙungiyoyi.<ref name=2008program>{{cite news|title=Beijing 2008: Games Program Finalized|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2008-games-programme-finalised|date=27 April 2006|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ninkaya na Amurka Michael Phelps ya kafa tarihin lashe lambobin zinare takwas a Gasar Olympics guda ɗaya, sannan ya yi daidai da tarihin yawan lambobin zinare da ɗan wasa ɗaya ya taɓa samu, wanda Eric Heiden da Vitaly Scherbo suka riƙe a baya. Wani fitaccen ɗan wasan gasar shi ne ɗan tseren Jamaica Usain Bolt, wanda ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihi da ya kafa sabon tarihin duniya a wasan tseren mita 100 da 200 a gasar Olympics guda ɗaya. An gudanar da wasannin doki a Hong Kong. London ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2012, inda ta zama birni na farko da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics sau uku. A jawabinsa na rufe gasar, Jacques Rogge ya bayyana wasannin a matsayin "masu farin ciki da ɗaukaka". Ƙasar mai masaukin baki ta lashe lambobin zinare 29, wanda shi ne mafi yawan adadin da Birtaniya ta samu tun Gasar 1908 a London. Amurka ta koma saman teburin lambobin yabo bayan da Sin ta mamaye shi a 2008. IOC ta cire baseball da softball daga shirin wasannin 2012. Gasar London ta yi nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci domin ita ce ta farko a tarihi da aka sayar da dukkan tikitinta, inda aka samu buƙatun tikiti kusan miliyan ɗaya ga tikiti 40,000 na bikin buɗe gasar da kuma wasan ƙarshe na tseren mita 100 na maza. Saboda yawan buƙatar tikiti a dukkan matakan wasanni, an samu cece-kuce kan kujerun da aka ware wa masu ɗaukar nauyi da wakilan ƙasashe waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba a farkon kwanakin gasar. An samar da tsarin sake rarraba kujeru domin a cike kujerun da ba a yi amfani da su ba yayin da gasar ke ci gaba. ===Wasannin baya-bayan nan=== [[File:Drones durante a abertura das Olimpíadas de Tóquio.jpg|thumb|Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan, ta samu ƙarancin masu kallo sakamakon hana jama'a halartar wasannin saboda annobar COVID-19.]] Rio de Janeiro a Brazil ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016, inda ta zama birni na farko a Kudancin Amurka da ya karɓi bakuncin Olympics, birni na biyu a Latin Amurka bayan Mexico City a 1968, sannan birni na uku a yankin Kudancin Duniya bayan Melbourne, Australia, a 1956 da Sydney, Australia, a 2000. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan wasanni sun kasance cikin inuwa saboda cece-kuce, ciki har da rashin kwanciyar hankalin siyasa da matsalar tattalin arziki a ƙasar mai masaukin baki, damuwar lafiya da tsaro da ta shafi kwayar cutar Zika, da kuma gurbatar muhalli mai yawa a Guanabara Bay. Sai dai daga baya wata badakalar amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙara ƙarfin jiki da gwamnati ta goyi baya da ta shafi 'yan wasan Rasha a Gasar Olympics ta lokacin hunturu da aka gudanar shekaru biyu kafin hakan ta fi mamaye waɗannan damuwar, kuma ta shafi halartar 'yan wasan ƙasar a waɗannan wasanni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|title=Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC Sport|date=2 October 2009|access-date=28 July 2012|url-status=live|archive-date=4 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004101815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm}}</ref> An shirya gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020 a Tokyo, Japan. Birnin ya zama na biyar a tarihi da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau biyu, sannan birni na farko a Asiya da ya samu wannan matsayi. Saboda annobar COVID-19, Firaministan Japan na lokacin Shinzo Abe, IOC da Kwamitin Shirya Gasar Tokyo sun sanar da cewa za a ɗage wasannin 2020 zuwa 2021, wanda ya kasance karo na farko da aka ɗage Gasar Olympics. Wannan shi ne karo na farko tun 1900 da ba a gudanar da wasannin a shekarar da take da kwanaki 366 ba, maimakon haka aka gudanar da su a shekarar da ba ta da kwanaki 366. Ba kamar wasannin Olympics na baya ba, an gudanar da waɗannan wasanni ba tare da masu kallo ba saboda damuwar COVID-19 da kuma dokar ta-baci da aka sanya a birnin mai masaukin baki.<ref name=postponement>{{cite web|title=Tokyo 2020: Olympic and Paralympic Games postponed because of coronavirus|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134|work=BBC Sport|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413131543/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/52020134}}</ref><ref name=postponement2>{{Cite web|last1=McCurry|first1=Justin|last2=Ingle|first2=Sean|title=Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic|work=The Guardian|date=24 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|url-status=live|archive-date=29 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329173934/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Ingle|first1=Sean|last2=McCurry|first2=Justin|date=8 July 2021|title=Spectators banned from most Olympic events as Covid emergency declared|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games|access-date=8 July 2021|work=The Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717130447/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/08/tokyo-to-be-put-under-state-of-emergency-for-duration-of-2020-olympic-games}}</ref> Duk da haka, Gasar Olympics ta Tokyo 2020 ta ƙunshi lokuta masu tarihi da dama da kuma bajintar fasaha. Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar, 'yar wasan motsa jiki ta Amurka Simone Biles, ta janye daga wasu wasanni domin ta mai da hankali kan lafiyar tunaninta, amma daga baya ta dawo ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar mutum ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/|title=Will Tokyo Olympics be a game-changer in how we view athletes' mental health?|first=Josh|last=Peter|website=USA Today|date=8 August 2021|url-status=live|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828111252/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2021/08/08/tokyo-olympics-game-changer-athletes-and-mental-health/5523250001/}}</ref> Dan tseren Norway Karsten Warholm ya karya nasa tarihin duniya a tseren mita 400 da shinge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles|title=Norway's Karsten Warholm breaks world record to win gold in men's 400m hurdles|date=27 June 2023|website=Olympics.com|access-date=28 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703092517/https://olympics.com/en/news/norway-s-karsten-warholm-breaks-world-record-to-win-gold-in-men-s-400m-hurdles}}</ref> An gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa, inda Paris ta zama birni na biyu bayan London da ya karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1900 da 1924, wanda ya kasance cikar shekaru 100 tun daga gasar ta ƙarshe). Wannan ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko bayan annoba da ta ba da damar masu kallo su halarta. A karon farko, an gudanar da bikin buɗe gasar a wajen babban filin wasa, inda 'yan wasa suka yi fareti a cikin kwale-kwale a kan Kogin Seine. Bayan haka, an kuma gudanar da gasar ninkaya a ruwa a cikin Kogin Seine.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2024|title=France halves crowd numbers for Olympics opening ceremony on River Seine|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|access-date=1 February 2024|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131130653/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240131-france-crops-crowd-numbers-for-olympics-opening-ceremony|url-status=live}}</ref> Paris 2024 ita ce Gasar Olympics ta farko a tarihi da ta samu cikakken daidaiton jinsi a fagen wasanni, inda adadin 'yan wasan maza da mata ya kasance iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Masterson|first=Victoria|date=5 April 2024|title=How Paris 2024 aims to become the first-ever gender-equal Olympics |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821221141/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/04/paris-olympics-2024-gender-parity/|archive-date=21 August 2024|access-date=22 August 2024|work=World Economic Forum}}</ref> ===Wasannin nan gaba=== Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2028 a Los Angeles, California, Amurka, wanda zai zama birni na uku (bayan Paris (1900, 1924, 2024) da London (1908, 1948, 2012)) da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin sau uku (sauran lokutan su ne 1932 da 1984), sannan Amurka za ta karɓi bakuncin Gasar Olympics ta bazara a karo na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2019|title=Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015105932/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1078621/los-angeles-2028-releases-privately-funded-balanced-budget-for-olympic-and-paralympic-games|archive-date=15 October 2021|access-date=5 January 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}</ref> Za a gudanar da Gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2032 a Brisbane, Australia, wanda zai zama birni na uku a Australia da ya karɓi bakuncin wasannin, sannan birni na huɗu a kudancin layin ekweta.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Snape|first=Jack|date=10 September 2021|title=Billion-dollar Brisbane Cricket Ground redevelopment that 'almost lost' 2032 Games bid at heart of new Olympics funding fight|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-11/brisbane-olympics-2032-gabba-redevelopment-funding/100453934|access-date=5 August 2023}}</ref> ==Wasanni== {{Main|Wasannin Olympics}} Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, an haɗa jimillar wasanni 44, waɗanda suka ƙunshi fannoni 65, a cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a wani lokaci ko wani a tarihin gasar. Shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na baya-bayan nan ([[2024 Summer Olympics|2024]]) ya ƙunshi wasanni 32, yayin da aka tsara wasanni 36 don wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na gaba ([[2028 Summer Olympics|2028]]). A cikinsu, wasanni biyu za su fara bayyana a karon farko (ƙwallon ƙafa ta tutar (flag football) da squash), sannan za a ƙara wasu fannoni biyu (gasar tuƙin kwale-kwale ta bakin teku da lacrosse sixes). Bugu da ƙari, wasan tsere kan kankara (figure skating) da wasan hockey kan kankara sun kasance cikin shirin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara a farko (figure skating a shekarun 1908 da 1920, da hockey kan kankara a shekarar 1920) kafin a mayar da su zuwa wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu. An haɗa ƙungiyoyin wasanni daban-daban na Olympics a ƙarƙashin wata ƙungiya guda mai suna [[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations]] (ASOIF). A cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa, an raba wasannin ruwa, baseball da softball, ƙwallon kwando, rugby da volleyball zuwa fannoni daban-daban. {{legend inline|white|Wasanni na yanzu}}&nbsp; {{legend inline|#D3D3D3|Ba a ƙara haɗa su ba}} {|cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |- |valign="top"| {|class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Wasanni||Shekaru |- |3x3 basketball||Tun daga 2020 |- |Archery||1900–1908, 1920, tun daga 1972 |- |Artistic swimming||Tun daga 1984 |- |Athletics||Duk |- |Badminton||Tun daga 1992 |- |Baseball||1992–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Basketball||Tun daga 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Basque pelota||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Beach volleyball||Tun daga 1996 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Breaking||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2024 |- |Boxing||1904, 1908, tun daga 1920 |- |Canoeing||Tun daga 1936 |- |Cricket||1900, 2028 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Croquet||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900 |- |Cycling||Duk |- |Diving||Tun daga 1904 |- |Equestrian||1900, tun daga 1912 |- |Fencing||Duk |- |Field hockey||1908, 1920, tun daga 1928 |- |Flag football||2028 |- |Football||1900–1928, tun daga 1936 |- |Golf||1900, 1904, tun daga 2016 |- |Gymnastics||Duk |- |Handball||1936, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Jeu de paume||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Judo||1964, tun daga 1972 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Karate||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|2020 |- |Lacrosse||1904, 1908, 2028 |- |Marathon swimming||Tun daga 2008 |- |Modern pentathlon||Tun daga 1912 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Polo||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, 1936 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rackets||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Roque||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1904 |- |Rowing||Tun daga 1900 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Rugby union||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900, 1908, 1920, 1924 |- |Rugby sevens||Tun daga 2016 |- |Sailing||1900, tun daga 1908 |- |Shooting||1896, 1900, 1908–1924, tun daga 1932 |- |Skateboarding||Tun daga 2020 |- |Softball||1996–2008, 2020, 2028 |- |Sport climbing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Squash||2028 |- |Surfing||Tun daga 2020 |- |Swimming||Duk |- |Table tennis||Tun daga 1988 |- |Taekwondo||Tun daga 2000 |- |Tennis||1896–1924, tun daga 1988 |- |Triathlon||Tun daga 2000 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Tug of war||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1900–1920 |- |Volleyball||Tun daga 1964 |- |style="background: #D3D3D3;"|Water motorsports||style="background: #D3D3D3;"|1908 |- |Water polo||Tun daga 1900 |- |Weightlifting||1896, 1904, tun daga 1920 |- |Wrestling||1896, tun daga 1904 |} |} ===Cancantar shiga gasar=== Ƙa'idojin cancantar shiga kowanne daga cikin wasannin Olympics ana tsara su ne ta Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya (IF) wadda ke kula da gasar wasannin ta duniya.<ref>{{cite web|title=International Sports Federations|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/international-federations|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> A wasannin mutum ɗaya, 'yan wasa sukan cancanci shiga gasar ta hanyar samun wani matsayi a babban taron gasar ƙasa da ƙasa ko kuma a jerin matsayi na IF. Akwai ƙa'ida ta gama-gari cewa ba za a iya samun fiye da 'yan wasa uku na mutum ɗaya daga kowace ƙasa a kowace gasa ba. Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa (NOCs) na iya shigar da adadi iyakantacce na 'yan wasan da suka cancanta a kowace gasa. NOC ce ke yanke shawarar waɗanne 'yan wasa da suka cancanta za ta zaɓa a matsayin wakilai a kowace gasa idan 'yan wasa da yawa sun kai matsayin cancantar fiye da adadin da za a iya shigarwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Olympic Committees|website=IOC|url=https://olympics.com/ioc/national-olympic-committees|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Ƙasashe galibi suna cancantar shigar da ƙungiyoyinsu a wasannin ƙungiya ta hanyar gasannin neman gurbin shiga na nahiyoyi, inda kowace ƙungiyar nahiyoyi ake ba ta wani adadi na gurabe a gasar Olympics. Kowace ƙasa ba za ta iya samun wakilci da fiye da ƙungiya ɗaya a kowace gasa ba. A wasu wasanni, ƙungiya tana ƙunshe da mutane biyu kacal. Ana iya bai wa wasu [[National Olympic Committee|Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa]], waɗanda ƙasashensu ba su samu isassun wakilai ba bayan cancantar shiga gasar, guraben gayyata na musamman, waɗanda ake kira ''Universality Places'', a wasu wasannin da suka cancanta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/what-are-universality-places-and-who-can-obtain-one|title=What are Universality Places and who can obtain one?|date=10 May 2024|first=Matthew|last=Nelson|website=Olympics.com|access-date=3 August 2024}}</ref> ===Shaharar wasannin Olympics=== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) yana raba wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara zuwa rukuni biyar (A – E) bisa ga shahararsu, ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunai guda shida: yawan masu kallon talabijin (40%), shahararsu a intanet (20%), binciken ra'ayin jama'a (15%), buƙatun tikiti (10%), ɗaukar labarai a kafafen yaɗa labarai (10%), da adadin ƙungiyoyin wasanni na ƙasa (5%). Rukunin da aka sanya wasa a ciki yana ƙayyade kaso na kuɗaɗen shiga na Olympics da Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Duniya ta wannan wasa za ta samu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Athletics to share limelight as one of top Olympic sports|url=http://www.qt.com.au/news/atheltics-share-limelight-one-top-olympic-sports/1889097/|newspaper=The Queensland Times|date=31 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Winners Include Gymnastics, Swimming – and Wrestling – as IOC Announces New Funding Distribution Groupings|work=[[Association of Summer Olympic International Federations|ASOIF]]|url=http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|date=29 May 2013|access-date=18 July 2013|last=Murray|first=Callum|location=St Petersburg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225220/http://asoif.com/News/News_Article.aspx?ID=3392|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> An sanya wasannin da suka fara bayyana a Olympics na 2016 (rugby da golf) cikin rukuni na E. Rukunonin na yanzu su ne: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rukuni !! Adadi !! Wasanni |- |align=center|A||align=center|3||athletics, aquatics,{{ref label|a|a}} gymnastics |- |align=center|B||align=center|5||basketball, cycling, football, tennis, volleyball |- |align=center|C||align=center|8||archery, badminton, boxing, judo, rowing, shooting, table tennis, weightlifting |- |align=center|D||align=center|9||canoe/kayaking, equestrian, fencing, handball, field hockey, sailing, taekwondo, triathlon, wrestling |- |align=center|E||align=center|3||modern pentathlon, golf, rugby |- |align=center|F||align=center|6||baseball/softball, karate, skateboarding, sport climbing, surfing |- |} <span style="font-size:95%">{{note label|a|a}}Wasannin ruwa sun ƙunshi fannoni na artistic swimming, diving, marathon swimming, swimming da water polo.</span> ==Jadawalin lambobin yabo na kowane lokaci== Jadawalin da ke ƙasa ya yi amfani da bayanan hukuma da [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] ta bayar. {{legend|BurlyWood|'''Ƙasa da ta daina wanzuwa'''}}''<small>Matsayi bayan wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2024</small>'' {|class="wikitable sortable" style="min-width:75%; font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- !Matsayi !!Ƙasa !! style="background-color:gold;"|Zinariya !! style="background-color:silver;"|Azurfa !! style="background-color:#c96;"|Tagulla !!Jimilla !!Wasannin da ta halarta |- !1 |align="left"|{{flagicon|USA}}||1105||879||780||2764||29 |- !2 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|URS}}||395||319||296||1010||9 |- !3 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CHN}}||303||226||198||727||12 |- !4 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GBR}}||298||340||343||981||30 |- !5 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FRA}}||239||277||299||815||29 |- !6 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ITA}}||229||201||228||658||29 |- !7 |align="left"|{{flagicon|GER}}||213||220||255||688||18 |- !8 |align="left"|{{flagicon|JPN}}||189||162||191||542||24 |- !9 |align="left"|{{flagicon|HUN}}||187||161||182||530||28 |- !10 |align="left"|{{flagicon|AUS}}||182||192||226||600||28 |- !11 |style="background:BurlyWood; text-align:left;"|{{flagIOC|GDR}}||153||129||127||409||5 |- !12 |align="left"|{{flagicon|SWE}}||151||181||182||514||28 |- !13 |align="left"|{{flagicon|RUS}}||147||126||150||423||6 |- !14 |align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}}||110||112||134||356||28 |- !15 |align="left"|{{flagicon|KOR}}||109||100||111||320||19 |- !16 |align="left"|{{flagicon|FIN}}||101||85||119||305||27 |- !17 |align="left"|{{flagicon|ROU}}||93||101||123||317||23 |- !18 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CUB}}||86||70||88||244||22 |- 21 68 84 132 284 !19 |align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}}||80||117||156||353||28 |- !20 |align="left"|{{flagicon|POL}}||73||93||142||308||23 |- |} ===Ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara=== {{Main|List of Olympic medal leaders by year}} {|class="wikitable" style="width:100%" |style="background:gold;text-align:center;"|[[File:Olympic rings.svg|30px]] '''Jadawalin lambobin yabo na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|na kowane lokaci]] [[List of Olympic medal leaders by year#Summer Olympics|da ƙasashen da suka fi samun lambobin yabo a kowace shekara]]''' |- | {{div col|small=yes|colwidth=20em}} {{plainlist}} * [[1896 Summer Olympics medal table|1896]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1896 Summer}} * [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|1900]]: {{flag IOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} * [[1904 Summer Olympics medal table|1904]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1904 Summer}} * [[1908 Summer Olympics medal table|1908]]: {{flag IOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} * [[1912 Summer Olympics medal table|1912]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1912 Summer}} * [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|1920]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1920 Summer}} * [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|1924]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1924 Summer}} * [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|1928]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1928 Summer}} * [[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|1932]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1932 Summer}} * [[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|1936]]: {{flag IOC|GER|1936 Summer}} * [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|1948]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1948 Summer}} * [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|1952]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1952 Summer}} * [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|1956]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1956 Summer}} * [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|1960]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1960 Summer}} * [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|1964]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1964 Summer}} * [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|1968]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1968 Summer}} * [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|1972]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1972 Summer}} * [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|1976]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1976 Summer}} * [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|1980]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1980 Summer}} * [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|1984]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1984 Summer}} * [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|1988]]: {{flag IOC|URS|1988 Summer}} * [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|1992]]: {{flag IOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} * [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|1996]]: {{flag IOC|USA|1996 Summer}} * [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|2000]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2000 Summer}} * [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|2004]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2004 Summer}} * [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|2008]]: {{flag IOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} * [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|2012]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2012 Summer}} * [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|2016]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2016 Summer}} * [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|2020]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2020 Summer}} * [[2024 Summer Olympics medal table|2024]]: {{flag IOC|USA|2024 Summer}} {{div col end}} {{endplainlist}} |} '''Yawan lokutan da suka samu matsayi na farko''' {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- !Matsayi !Ƙasa !Adadin wasannin |- |1||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|USA}}||Sau 19 |- |2||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|URS}}||Sau 6 |- |rowspan=5|3||style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|CHN}}||rowspan=5|Sau 1 |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|FRA}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GBR}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|GER}} |- |style="text-align:left;|{{flagIOC|EUN}} |- |} ==Jerin wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara== Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (IOC) bai taɓa yanke shawarar waɗanne wasanni na farkon gasannin ne suka kasance na "Olympics" da waɗanda ba haka ba ba.<ref name=KLWT>{{cite book|first1=Karl|last1=Lennartz|first2=Walter|last2=Teutenberg|title=Olympische Spiele 1900 in Paris|publisher=Agon-Sportverlag|location=Kassel, Germany|page=147|date=1995|isbn=3-928562-20-7|quote=In many works, it is read that the IOC later met to decide which events were Olympic and which were not. This is not correct and no decision has ever been made. No discussion of this item can be found in the account of any Session.}}</ref> Pierre de Coubertin, wanda ya kafa wasannin Olympics na zamani, ya bar wannan hukunci ga waɗanda suka shirya waɗannan wasannin. {{sticky-header}} {|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2"|<!--Please DO NOT change this to year. The year is part of the Date column, and is the same as this column only for the most part. This column says 2020 is the Olympiad and the Date column says they were held in July-August 2021.-->Zangon Olympics ! rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Na.|Lambar zangon Olympics}} ! colspan="2"|Mai masaukin baƙi ! rowspan="2"|Kwanakin gasar /<br/>Wanda ya buɗe ta ! rowspan="2"|Wasanni<br/>(Fannoni) ! colspan="3"|Masu fafatawa ! rowspan="2"|Gasa ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasashe ! rowspan="2"|Ƙasar da ta fi samun lambobin yabo |- !Birni !Ƙasa !Jimilla !Maza !Mata |- |1896<ref name=Games1896/> |{{sort|01|[[1896 Summer Olympics|I]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Kingdom of Greece|state|name=Greece}} |6–15 Afrilu 1896<br/>[[List of kings of Greece|Sarki]] [[George I of Greece]] |9 (10)||241||241||0||43||14{{efn|name=Mixed Team|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/athens-1896 1896], [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900 1900] da [https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-louis-1904 1904] bai ƙirga ƙungiyoyin gauraye (ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa daga ƙasashe daban-daban) a matsayin wata ƙasa ta daban ba yayin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarta. A lokaci guda, IOC yana nuna ƙungiyoyin gauraye a sakamakon gasannin da suka fafata. Saboda haka, adadin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka bayyana tare da ƙungiyoyin gauraye su ne suka halarci wasannin.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1896 Summer}} |- |1900<ref name=Games1900/> |{{sort|02|[[1900 Summer Olympics|II]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |14 Mayu – 28 Oktoba 1900<br/>[[Pierre de Coubertin|Baron Pierre de Coubertin]] |19 (21)||1,226||1,202||24{{efn|A wani lokaci da ya gabata, ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ta nuna gasannin neman lambobin yabo 85, ƙasashe 24 da 'yan wasa 997 (mata 22 da maza 975).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|title=Olympic Games Medals, Results, Sports, Athletes {{!}} Médailles, Résultats, Sports et Athlètes des Jeux Olympiques|access-date=18 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224150828/http://www.olympic.org/content/results-and-medalists/eventresultpagegeneral/?athletename=&country=&sport2=&games2=1900%2f1&event2=&mengender=true&womengender=true&mixedgender=true&goldmedal=true&silvermedal=true&bronzemedal=true&worldrecord=true&olympicrecord=false&teamclassification=true&individualclassification=true&winter=true&summer=true|url-status=dead }}</ref> Bill Mallon, masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci,<ref name="Mallon">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=inAwCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1998|title = The 1900 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|pages=25–28|isbn = 978-0-7864-4064-1}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun, ya ba da shawarar cewa gasanni 95 sun cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan (ƙuntatawa ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, halartar ƙasashen duniya, buɗewa ga dukkan masu fafatawa, da rashin amfani da tsarin nakasassu) kuma ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin gasannin Olympics. A watan Yuli 2021, IOC ta sabunta cikakkiyar ma'ajiyar bayanan sakamakon Olympics ta intanet, inda ta shigar da bayanan shafin masana tarihin Olympics, ''Olympedia.org'', a fili. Ta haka ta amince da shawarar Mallon (bisa ga ƙa'idoji huɗu da aka yi amfani da su) game da gasannin Olympics na 1900. An ƙara gasanni 11 waɗanda aka nuna sakamakonsu a tsohuwar ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC, a kan jimillar gasanni 85 da aka nuna a baya. An cire wata gasa ta harbin bindiga (bindigar soja ta mita 20, wadda gasa ce ta ƙwararru). Amincewa da shawarar Mallon ya ƙara adadin gasanni zuwa 95, sannan ya ƙara adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta zuwa 26 da 'yan wasa zuwa 1,226. Bayan sabunta ma'ajiyar bayanan IOC ta intanet, sashen sakamakon gasanni na shafin IOC ya ƙunshi gasanni 95.<ref name=IOC1900Results /> Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1900 ya nuna jimillar gasannin neman lambobin yabo 95, ƙasashe 26 da 'yan wasa 1,226.<ref name=Games1900 /> Bugu da ƙari, takardar bayanan IOC mai suna "The Games of the Olympiad" ta watan Nuwamba 2021 ta ambaci gasanni 95, amma har yanzu tana amfani da tsoffin adadin ƙasashen da suka halarta (24) da 'yan wasa (997).<ref name=FactsheetGames/>}}||95||26{{efn|name=Mixed Team}}{{efn|A cewar Kwamitin Olympics na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, ƙasashe 26 ne suka tura masu fafatawa zuwa wannan bugu na gasar.<ref name=Games1900 /> A wancan lokaci, babu tsarin "ƙungiyoyin ƙasa" da Kwamitocin Olympics na Ƙasa ke zaɓa. Lokacin ƙirga ƙasashen da suka halarci farkon gasannin Olympics, IOC ba ya la'akari da ƙasashen da ba su da wakilci kai tsaye, amma 'yan ƙasarsu suka fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe. Bincike na zamani ya nuna<ref name="Mallon"/> cewa a Olympics na 1900, 'yan wasa daga aƙalla ƙasashe huɗu waɗanda ba su da wakilci kai tsaye (Canada, Luxembourg, Colombia da New Zealand) sun fafata a madadin wasu ƙasashe a wasannin mutum ɗaya da na ƙungiya. Shafin IOC ya jera dukkan su a sashen sakamako bisa ga ƙasashensu,<ref name=IOC1900Results>{{cite web|title=Paris 1900 Results|url=https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/paris-1900/results|publisher=International Olympic Committee|access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> amma bai haɗa ƙasashensu cikin ƙasashe 26 da suka halarta ba.<ref name=Games1900 />}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|FRA|1900 Summer}} |- |1904<ref name=Games1904/> |{{sort|03|[[1904 Summer Olympics|III]]}} |align=left|[[St. Louis]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1896}} |1 Yuli – 23 Nuwamba 1904<br/>[[List of governors of Missouri|Gwamna]] [[David R. Francis]] |16 (18)||651||645||6||95{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1904<ref name=Games1904/> ya sanya adadin gasanni 95, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|archive-date=2 June 2016|title=St. Louis 1904 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602114217/https://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> ya nuna 91. An samo adadin 91 daga aikin masanin tarihin Olympics kuma marubuci Bill Mallon,<ref>{{cite book|url = https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll16/id/1/|author = Mallon, Bill|year = 1999|title = The 1904 Olympic Games, Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary|page=16|publisher = McFarland & Company, Inc.|location = Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn = 9781476621609}}</ref> wanda bincikensa ya taimaka wajen fayyace batun. Gasannin da suka cika dukkan ƙa'idoji huɗu na baya-bayan nan na farkon ƙarni na 20 — waɗanda aka ƙuntata ga 'yan wasa masu son wasa, suka ba da damar halartar ƙasashen duniya, suka buɗe ga dukkan masu fafatawa, kuma ba su yi amfani da tsarin nakasassu ba — yanzu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin gasannin Olympics.}}||12{{efn|name=Mixed Team}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1904 Summer}} |- |1908<ref name=Games1908/> |{{sort|04|[[1908 Summer Olympics|IV]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|name=United Kingdom}} |'''27 Afrilu – 31 Oktoba 1908'''<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[Edward VII]] |22 (25)||2,008||1,971||37||110||22 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GBR|1908 Summer}} |- |1912<ref name=Games1912/> |{{sort|05|[[1912 Summer Olympics|V]]}} |align=left|[[Stockholm]] |align=left|{{flag|Sweden}} |6–22 Yuli 1912<br/>[[Monarchy of Sweden|Sarki]] [[Gustaf V]] |14 (18)||2,407||2,359||48||102||28 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1912 Summer}} |- |1916 |{{sort|06|[[1916 Summer Olympics|VI]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games|Ko da yake an soke wasannin Olympics na shekarun 1916, 1940 da 1944, an ci gaba da amfani da lambobin Roman na waɗannan wasannin saboda sunayen hukuma na wasannin lokacin bazara suna ƙirga zangon Olympics, ba wasannin kansu ba, kamar yadda Yarjejeniya ta Olympics ta tanada.<ref>{{cite book|title=Now You Know Big Book of Sports|first=Doug|last=Lennox|author-link=Doug Lennox|date=2009|page=[https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9/page/223 223]|publisher=[[Dundurn Press]]|isbn=978-1-55488-454-4|url=https://archive.org/details/nowyouknowbigboo0000lenn_j6r9|url-access=registration }}</ref> Wannan ya bambanta da wasannin Olympics na lokacin hunturu, waɗanda ba sa ƙirga wasannin lokacin hunturu na 1940 da 1944 da aka soke a cikin lambar jerinsu.}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|German Empire|name=Germany}} ! colspan="8"|''An soke saboda [[World War I]]'' |- |1920<ref name=Games1920/> |{{sort|07|[[1920 Summer Olympics|VII]]}} |align=left|[[Antwerp]] |align=left|{{flag|Belgium}} |14 Agusta – 12 Satumba 1920<br/>[[Monarchy of Belgium|Sarki]] [[Albert I of Belgium]] |22 (29)||2,626||2,561||65||156{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1920<ref name=Games1920/> ya nuna gasanni 156, yayin da a wani lokaci shafin IOC<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|title=Antwerp 1920 (archived)|publisher=Olympic.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125827/http://www.olympic.org/antwerp-1920|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=2 June 2016 }}</ref> ya nuna 154 (bambancin ya kasance gasannin tuƙin jiragen ruwa guda biyu a [[Amsterdam]]).}}||39 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1920 Summer}} |- |1924<ref name=Games1924/> |{{sort|08|[[1924 Summer Olympics|VIII]]}} |align=left|[[Paris]] |align=left|{{flag|French Third Republic|name=France}} |5–27 Yuli 1924<br/>[[President of France|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gaston Doumergue]] |17 (23)||3,089||2,954||135||126||44 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1924 Summer}} |- |1928<ref name=Games1928/> |{{sort|09|[[1928 Summer Olympics|IX]]}} |align=left|[[Amsterdam]] |align=left|{{flag|Netherlands}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1928<br/>[[Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] |rowspan="2"|14 (20)||2,883||2,606||277||109||46 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1928 Summer}} |- |1932<ref name=Games1932/> |{{sort|10|[[1932 Summer Olympics|X]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States|1912}} |30 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1932<br/>[[Vice President of the United States|Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Charles Curtis]] |1,332||1,206||126||117||37 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1932 Summer}} |- |1936<ref name=Games1936/> |{{sort|11|[[1936 Summer Olympics|XI]]}} |align=left|[[Berlin]] |align=left|{{flag|Nazi Germany|name=Germany}} |1–16 Agusta 1936<br/>[[Chancellor of Germany|Kansila]] [[Adolf Hitler]] |19 (25)||3,963||3,632||331||129||49 |align=left|{{flagIOC|GER|1936 Summer}} |- |1940 |{{sort|12|[[1940 Summer Olympics|XII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]]<br />[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Empire of Japan|name=Japan}}<br />{{flag|Finland}} !colspan="8"|''An fara ba Japan damar shirya gasar, daga baya aka ba Finland. An soke saboda [[World War II]]'' |- |1944 |{{sort|13|[[1944 Summer Olympics|XIII]]}}{{efn|name=Cancelled Games}} |rowspan="2"|[[London]] |rowspan="2"|{{flag|United Kingdom}} !colspan="8"|''An soke saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'' |- |1948<ref name=Games1948/> |{{sort|14|[[1948 Summer Olympics|XIV]]}} |29 Yuli – 14 Agusta 1948<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarki]] [[George VI]] |rowspan="4"|17 (23)||4,104||3,714||390||136||59 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1948 Summer}} |- |1952<ref name=Games1952/> |{{sort|15|[[1952 Summer Olympics|XV]]}} |align=left|[[Helsinki]] |align=left|{{flag|Finland}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1952<br/>[[President of Finland|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] |4,955||4,436||519||149||69 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}} |- |1956<ref name=Games1956/> |{{sort|16|[[1956 Summer Olympics|XVI]]}} |align=left|[[Melbourne]]<br />[[Stockholm]]{{efn|An gudanar da [[Equestrian at the 1956 Summer Olympics|gasannin hawan dawakai]] a Stockholm, Sweden, watanni da dama kafin sauran gasannin da aka yi a Melbourne saboda dokokin keɓe dabbobi na Ostiraliya. Stockholm ta nemi izinin karɓar gasannin hawan dawakai daban.}} |align=left|{{flag|Australia}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}} |22 Nuwamba – 8 Disamba 1956<br/>[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] |3,314||2,938||376||151{{efn|Shafin IOC na wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1956<ref name=Games1956/> ya nuna jimillar gasanni 151 (gasanni 145 a Melbourne da gasannin hawan dawakai guda shida a [[Stockholm]]).}}||72{{efn|Ƙasashe biyar daga cikin ƙasashe 72 da suka fafata a gasannin hawan dawakai a Stockholm ba su halarci babban taron wasannin da aka yi a Melbourne ba.}} |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1956 Summer}} |- |1960<ref name=Games1960/> |{{sort|17|[[1960 Summer Olympics|XVII]]}} |align=left|[[Rome]] |align=left|{{flag|Italy}} |25 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1960<br/>[[President of Italy|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Giovanni Gronchi]] |5,338||4,727||611||150||83 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1960 Summer}} |- |1964<ref name=Games1964/> |{{sort|18|[[1964 Summer Olympics|XVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan|1947}} |10–24 Oktoba 1964<br/>[[Emperor of Japan|Sarki]] [[Hirohito]] |19 (25)||5,151||4,473||678||163||93 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1964 Summer}} |- |1968<ref name=Games1968/> |{{sort|19|[[1968 Summer Olympics|XIX]]}} |align=left|[[Mexico City]] |align=left|{{flag|Mexico}} |12–27 Oktoba 1968<br/>[[President of Mexico|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustavo Díaz Ordaz]] |18 (24)||5,516||4,735||781||172||112 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1968 Summer}} |- |1972<ref name=Games1972/> |{{sort|20|[[1972 Summer Olympics|XX]]}} |align=left|[[Munich]] |align=left|{{flag|West Germany}} |26 Agusta – 11 Satumba 1972{{efn|An tsara wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 1972 su ƙare a ranar 10 Satumba 1972, amma an ɗage su da kwana ɗaya zuwa 11 Satumba, bayan dakatar da gasannin na tsawon sa'o'i 34 sakamakon [[Munich massacre]], wanda ya faru bayan rana ta 9.}}<br/>[[President of Germany|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Gustav Heinemann]] |21 (28)||7,134||6,075||1,059||195||121 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1972 Summer}} |- |1976<ref name=Games1976/> |{{sort|21|[[1976 Summer Olympics|XXI]]}} |align=left|[[Montreal]] |align=left|{{flag|Canada}} |17 Yuli – 1 Agusta 1976<br/>[[Monarchy of Canada|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |rowspan="2"|21 (27)||6,084||4,824||1,260||198||92 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1976 Summer}} |- |1980<ref name=Games1980/> |{{sort|22|[[1980 Summer Olympics|XXII]]}} |align=left|[[Moscow]] |align=left|{{flag|Soviet Union}} |19 Yuli – 3 Agusta 1980<br/>[[List of heads of state of the Soviet Union|Shugaban Presidium]] [[Leonid Brezhnev]]{{efn|Bayanan IOC sun nuna cewa Brezhnev ya buɗe wasannin Moscow a matsayin "Shugaban ƙasa", taken da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ga shugaban Presidium na Majalisar Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet, ko shugaban ƙasa a bisa doka. (Ba a ƙirƙiri ofishin [[President of the Soviet Union]] ba sai a shekarar 1990, shekara guda kafin ƙasar ta [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|rarrabu]].)<ref name=FactsheetSOG>{{cite web|url=https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|title=Factsheet – Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad|pages=4–5|date=6 October 2021|access-date=31 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212924/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Olympic-Games/Factsheets/The-opening-ceremony-of-the-Games-of-the-Olympiad.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2021|url-status=live }}</ref>}} |5,179||4,064||1,115||203||80 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1980 Summer}} |- |1984<ref name=Games1984/> |{{sort|23|[[1984 Summer Olympics|XXIII]]}} |align=left|[[Los Angeles]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |28 Yuli – 12 Agusta 1984<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Ronald Reagan]] |21 (29)||6,829||5,263||1,566||221||140 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1984 Summer}} |- |1988<ref name=Games1988/> |{{sort|24|[[1988 Summer Olympics|XXIV]]}} |align=left|[[Seoul]] |align=left|{{flag|South Korea|1984}} |17 Satumba – 2 Oktoba 1988<br/>[[President of South Korea|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Roh Tae-woo]] |23 (31)||8,391||6,197||2,194||237||159 |align=left|{{flagIOC|URS|1988 Summer}} |- |1992<ref name=Games1992/> |{{sort|25|[[1992 Summer Olympics|XXV]]}} |align=left|[[Barcelona]] |align=left|{{flag|Spain}} |25 Yuli – 9 Agusta 1992<br/>[[Monarchy of Spain|Sarki]] [[Juan Carlos I]] |25 (34)||9,356||6,652||2,704||257||169 |align=left|{{flagIOC|EUN|1992 Summer}} |- |1996<ref name=Games1996/> |{{sort|26|[[1996 Summer Olympics|XXVI]]}} |align=left|[[Atlanta]] |align=left|{{flag|United States}} |19 Yuli - 4 Agusta 1996<br/>[[President of the United States|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Bill Clinton]] |26 (37)||10,318||'''6,806'''||3,512||271||197 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|1996 Summer}} |- |2000<ref name=Games2000/> |{{sort|27|[[2000 Summer Olympics|XXVII]]}} |align=left|[[Sydney]] |align=left|{{flag|Australia}} |15 Satumba – 1 Oktoba 2000<br/>[[Governor-General of Australia|Gwamna-Janar Sir]] [[William Deane]] |rowspan="2"|28 (40)||10,651||6,582||4,069||300||199 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2000 Summer}} |- |2004<ref name=Games2004/> |{{sort|28|[[2004 Summer Olympics|XXVIII]]}} |align=left|[[Athens]] |align=left|{{flag|Greece}} |13–29 Agusta 2004<br/>[[President of Greece|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]] |10,625||6,296||4,329||301||201 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2004 Summer}} |- |2008<ref name=Games2008/> |{{sort|29|[[2008 Summer Olympics|XXIX]]}} |align=left|[[Beijing]] |align=left|{{flag|China}} |8–24 Agusta 2008<br/>[[President of China|Shugaban ƙasa]] [[Hu Jintao]] |28 (41)||10,942||6,305||4,637||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|CHN|2008 Summer}} |- |2012<ref name=Games2012/> |{{sort|30|[[2012 Summer Olympics|XXX]]}} |align=left|[[London]] |align=left|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |27 Yuli – 12 Agusta 2012<br/>[[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Sarauniya]] [[Elizabeth II]] |26 (39)||10,768||5,992||4,776||302||204 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2012 Summer}} |- |2016<ref name=Games2016/> |{{sort|31|[[2016 Summer Olympics|XXXI]]}} |align=left|[[Rio de Janeiro]] |align=left|{{flag|Brazil}} |5–21 Agusta 2016<br/>[[President of Brazil|Mukaddashin shugaban ƙasa]] [[Michel Temer]] |28 (42)||11,238||6,179||5,059||306||'''207''' |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2016 Summer}} |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|[[2020 Summer Olympics|XXXII]]}} |align=left|[[Tokyo]] |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 Yuli – 8 Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin tun farko daga 24 Yuli zuwa 9 Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Duk da haka, an ci gaba da kiran taron wasannin Olympics na lokacin bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna zangon Olympics na 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zangon Olympics na shekaru |- |2020<ref name=Games2020/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2021; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|32|XXXII}} |align=left|Tokyo |align=left|{{flag|Japan}} |23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2021{{efn|An tsara gudanar da wasannin ne tun farko daga 24 ga Yuli zuwa 9 ga Agusta 2020, amma an ɗage su da shekara guda saboda annobar COVID-19. Duk da haka, ana ci gaba da kiran taron da sunan Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 (wanda ke nuna Olimpiad ta 32) domin kiyaye tsarin zagayowar Olimpiad na shekaru huɗu.<ref name=postponement/>}}<br/>[[Sarkin Japan|Sarki]] Naruhito |33 (50)||'''11,476'''||5,982||'''5,494'''||339||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2020 Summer}} |- |2024<ref name=Games2024/> |{{sort|33|XXXIII}} |align=left|Paris |align=left|{{flag|France}} |26 ga Yuli – 11 ga Agusta 2024<br/>[[Shugaban Faransa|Shugaba]] Emmanuel Macron |32 (48)||10,714||5,357||5,357||329||206 |align=left|{{flagIOC|USA|2024 Summer}} |- |''2028''<ref name=Games2028/><!--Please DO NOT change this to 2029; note the word "Olympiad", not "Year", is the column heading.--> |{{sort|34|''XXXIV''}} |align=left|''Los Angeles'' |align=left|''{{flag|United States}}'' |''14–30 ga Yuli 2028<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT add president or vice president; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the other column headings.--> |'''36 (51)'''||''11,198''{{efn|name=LA28quota|Shirin wasannin LA28 ya kiyaye adadin ’yan wasa na asali 10,500, tare da ƙarin guraben ’yan wasa 698 da aka ware wa wasannin zaɓi guda biyar da kwamitin shirya LA28 ya gabatar. Jimillar ta ƙunshi ’yan wasa maza 5,167 da mata 5,333. Wannan zai kasance karo na farko da wasannin Olympics za su ƙunshi mata fiye da maza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympics.com/ioc/news/la28-event-programme-marks-strong-commitment-towards-innovation-and-gender-equality|title=LA28 event programme marks strong commitment towards innovation and gender equality|date=9 April 2025|website=olympics.com|publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref>}}||''5,167''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||''5,333''{{efn|name=LA28quota}}||'''353'''||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2032''<ref name=Games2032/> |{{sort|35|''XXXV''}} |align=left|''Brisbane'' |align=left|''{{flag|Australia}}'' |''23 ga Yuli – 8 ga Agusta 2032<br />Ba a sanar ba''<!--Please DO NOT change these dates of 2032 or add current spouse of the king; note the words "Dates", not "Months" followed by "Opened by", are the column headings.--> |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |- |''2036''<ref name=Games2036/> |{{sort|36|''XXXVI''}} | | |''Ba a sanar ba'' |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}}||{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |{{N/a|Ba a sanar ba}} |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 4u5upmvan76ht9x96bftlvz4mexch28 0 177588 966045 960606 2026-10-11T03:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Gelengu |settlement_type = Gari |subdivision_type = Ƙasa |subdivision_name = [[Najeriya]] |subdivision_type1 = Jiha |subdivision_name1 = [[Jihar Gombe]] |subdivision_type2 = Ƙaramar hukuma |subdivision_name2 = [[Balanga (Nigeria)|Balanga]] |postal_code = 761104 |timezone = WAT |utc_offset = +1 }} '''Gelengu''' gari ne da ke cikin [[Balanga (Nigeria)|ƙaramar hukumar Balanga]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Gelengu yana cikin yankin Gelengu na ƙaramar hukumar Balanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 }}</ref> Lambar gidan waya ta Gelengu ita ce 761104. Wasu daga cikin ƙauyukan da ke yankin sun haɗa da Balamsane, Dai, Felfeli, Gelengu-Fulani, Gelengu-Garu, Gonongu, Gukai, Gumsa, Jalingo, Kembi-Mainja, Kwakwari, Shijan, Takassa da Zongo.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |website=Wikipedia |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 }}</ref> Gelengu kuma yana da makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare, waɗanda aka ambata a cikin kundin rumfunan zaɓe na [[INEC]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units — Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Garuruwa da ƙauyuka a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Balanga]] 1gc7bkd0s1fxucm2pcpj9pi4ar78g17 0 177617 965924 961693 2026-10-10T20:32:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Futbol Club Barcelona Femení B''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta mata ta ƙasar Spain da ke Barcelona, a yankin Catalonia mai cin gashin kansa. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekara ta 2000, kuma ita ce ƙungiyar ajiyar FC Barcelona Femení. A halin yanzu tana buga gasar Primera Federación, kuma tana buga wasanninta na gida a Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper. Ƙungiyoyin ajiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa na Spain suna buga wasa a cikin tsarin gasar da babbar ƙungiyarsu ke ciki, maimakon samun nasu gasar ta musamman. Dole ne su kasance aƙalla mataki ɗaya ƙasa da babbar ƙungiyar, saboda haka Barcelona Femení B ba za ta iya samun gurbin zuwa Primera División ba, kuma ba za ta iya buga Copa de la Reina ba. == Tarihi == Ƙungiyar mata ta biyu ta farko ta Barcelona ta kasance tun a shekara ta 1978, ƙarƙashin sunan '''Peña Femenina Barcelona Atlético'''.<ref name=Nolla1979>{{cite news |last=Nolla |first=Santi |date=26 May 1979 |title=Actualmente adscrito a Educación y Descanso: El futbol femenino, aislado por la Federación |url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/05/26/pagina-14/1055415/pdf.html |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |page=14 |language=es}}</ref> A gasar Catalan Cup ta 1978–79, P.F. Barcelona Atlético ta zama ta biyu bayan ta sha kashi a wasan ƙarshe ta hanyar bugun fanareti. Kocinsu shi ne Ramón Llach.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://arca.bnc.cat/arcabib_pro/ca/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1591260|title=Deporte en la empresa: Premios y trofeos temporada 1978/79 {{!}} Futbol femenino Campeonato provincial final, P.F. Blanquiazul, 1 P.F. Barna. Atco., 1: por penaltys, campeon la Peña F. Feminino Blanquiazul|first=A|last=Goñi|date=7 June 1979|newspaper=El Noticiero Universal|page=28|language=es|access-date=30 September 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330021346/https://arca.bnc.cat/arcabib_pro/ca/catalogo_imagenes/grupo.do?path=1591260|archive-date=30 March 2025|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin Barcelona guda biyu a shekara ta 1979 sun sami damar yin atisaye da buga wasanni a wuraren horarwa na FC Barcelona, saboda tallafin da sabon shugaban kulob ɗin, Josep Lluís Núñez, ya bayar.<ref name=Nolla1979/> An kafa ƙungiyar "B" a watan Nuwamba 1988, bayan gasar Catalan Cup ta kakar 1988–89 amma kafin fara gasannin lig. Kulob ɗin Gracia Cal Majó ya haɗe da Club Femení Barcelona domin zama ƙungiyar reshe, wadda a lokacin ake kira '''Barcelona Atlètic'''. Wannan ƙungiyar ta buga gasar Lliga catalana a waccan kakar (yayin da Barcelona ke buga Liga Nacional), amma kuma ta kai zagaye na gaba na gasar Catalan Cup tare da Barcelona.<ref name=11Nov>{{cite news|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/11/11/pagina-32/1186424/pdf.html|date=11 November 1988|page=32|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=es|author=Xavier|title=Homenaje a la jugadora del Español Mallol}}</ref> Sun sake fafatawa a kakar da ta biyo baya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1989/09/29/pagina-34/1432864/pdf.html|title=La Liga 89-90 dio comienzo|date=29 September 1989|page=34|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=es}}</ref> Barcelona Femení B ta janye daga Primera Nacional Femenina a lokacin kakar 2007–08 saboda komawar babbar ƙungiyar zuwa matakin ƙasa, amma ta dawo a kakar da ta biyo baya bayan Barcelona Femení ta koma Superliga Femenina. A shekara ta 2016, ta zama zakara a rukunin III na Segunda División a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitaldeporte.com/barcelona-femenino-b-pagina-dorada-historia/#prettyphoto/0/|title=FCB Femeni B Champions for the First Time|website=capitaldeporte.com|access-date=2017-05-17|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142627/http://capitaldeporte.com/barcelona-femenino-b-pagina-dorada-historia/#prettyphoto/0/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2016, an kira 'yan wasa bakwai daga Barcelona B domin buga wa ƙungiyar matasan ƙasar Spain wasa a gasar 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/u17wwc-player-list/|title=2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup squads: Full list of every player and squad number from all 16 countries competing in Jordan|date=2016-09-28|work=Women's Soccer United|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102123950/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/u17wwc-player-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2023, sun lashe gasar rukuni na biyu a ranar da babbar ƙungiyar FC Barcelona Femení ta lashe gasar rukuni na farko.<ref>{{cite web|date=2023-05-01|title=El Barça B femenino campeón de Liga en Segunda|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20230501/1001996735/barca-b-femenino-campeon-liga-segunda.html|access-date=2023-05-01|website=Mundo Deportivo|language=es}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2024, ƙungiyar ta lashe kambun gasar rukuni na biyu a jere bayan ta doke Athletic Bilbao B da ci 2–0 a ranar ƙarshe ta kakar wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Hito histórico del filial del Barça femenino: segunda liga consecutiva |trans-title=Historical milestone for the Barça women's subsidiary: second consecutive league|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20240427/1002236067/hito-historico-filial-barca-femenino-segunda-liga-consecutiva.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=Mundo Deportivo |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=El Barça B revalida el campionat de Primera Federació! |trans-title=Barça B revalidates the First Federation championship! |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.cat/ca/futbol/noticies/3986402/el-barca-b-revalida-el-campionat-de-primera-federacio |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=FC Barcelona |language=ca}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa == === Tawagar yanzu === {{Updated|5 September 2026}}<ref>{{cite web|title=FC Barcelona Femeni Squad|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/formativo-femenino/femenino-b/jugadoras}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Plantilla 2026/2027 Barcelona B |trans-title=Barcelona B squad 2026/2027 |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/equipo-plantilla.asp?id=756 |website=txapeldunak.com |publisher=Txapeldunak |access-date=19 September 2026}}</ref> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Martina González}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Maria Llorella}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Caroline Ferrera}} {{Fs player|no=12|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Daniela Martínez}} {{Fs player|no=13|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=Rocío Romano}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Lorena Cubo}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Noa Jiménez}} {{Fs player|no=18|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Lúa Arufe}} {{Fs player|no=19|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Anna Quer}} {{Fs player|no=21|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=Kautar Azraf}} {{Fs player|no=22|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Rosalía Domínguez}} {{Fs player|no=23|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Carla Julià}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=GK|nat=CAN|name=Khadijah Cissé}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Charlotta Ohlander}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Julia Torres}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Avril Serrano}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=POL|name=Emilia Szymczak}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=DEN|name=Josephine Lamp}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Laia Cabetas}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Beatriz Pérez}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=NED|name=Liv Pennock}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=DNK|name=Nikoline Nielsen}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=ITA|name=Giulia Galli}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=FW|nat=MAR|name=Mayssa Baha}} {{Fs end}} === Ƙungiyar ajiya === {{main|FC Barcelona C (women)}} {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=2|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Carlota Martins}} {{Fs player|no=5|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Cristina López}} {{Fs player|no=6|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Mariona Señé}} {{Fs player|no=7|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Laia Guerrero}} {{Fs player|no=8|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Arlet Aguayo}} {{Fs player|no=9|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Martina Romero}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=16|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Daniela López}} {{Fs player|no=17|pos=FW|nat=ESP|name=Nayara Núñez}} {{Fs player|no=26|pos=DF|nat=ESP|name=Júlia Pastor}} {{Fs player|no=30|pos=MF|nat=ESP|name=Bea Pérez}} {{Fs player|no=31|pos=GK|nat=ESP|name=Clara Raspall}} {{Fs player|no=33|pos=FK|nat=ESP|name=Ariana Ayats}} {{Fs end}} === Aro a matsayin aro === {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=|pos=DF|nat=POR|name=Iara Lobo|other=a Parma}} {{Fs end}} === Ma'aikatan fasaha na yanzu === {{Fb cs header}} {{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Babban koci |s=Óscar Belis}} {{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Mataimakin koci |s=Pol Grau}} {{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Kocin masu tsaron gida |s=Albert Castillo}} {{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Kocin motsa jiki |s=Irene del Río}} {{Fb cs staff |bg= |p=Likitan motsa jiki |s=Eugenia De Muga}} {{Fb cs footer|u=27 March 2022|s=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/formativo-femenino/noticias|date=March 2022}} === Canje-canjen 'yan wasa === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Shekara !! width=600px|Masu shigowa !! width=600px|Masu fita |- | 2014 || GK: M. Alemany ''(UE L'Estartit)'' <br /> DF: A. Rovirola ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', A. Cortés ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', O. Batlle ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> MF: J. Mas ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', A. Bonmatí ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', S. Hernández ''(Sant Gabriel)'', C. Armengol ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> FW: A. Arboix ''(L'Estartit)'', I. Uribe ''(Sant Gabriel C)''|| GK: N. Vizcaíno ''(Sant Gabriel B)'', A. Moreno ''(Santa Teresa)''<ref>{{cite web|title=Santa Teresa signs goalkeeper Alba Moreno|url=http://www.hoy.es/deportes/futbol/201407/14/santa-teresa-ficha-portera-20140714004309-v.html|website=Hoy|date=14 July 2014 |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> <br /> DF: C. Moyano ''(Espanyol B)'', M. Gama ''(ta yi ritaya)'', X. Royo ''(Seagull)'' <br /> MF: Q. Torradeflot ''(UE Vic)'', M. Turmo ''(Sant Gabriel)'', C. García ''(Sant Gabriel)'', J. Fernández ''(Bristol Academy)'' <br /> FW: J. Rivero ''(UE Vic)'', G. Sala ''(Levante Las Planas)'' |- | 2015 || GK: K.A. Schmidt ''(Saint Mary's Gaels)'', I. Martínez ''(Sant Gabriel B)'', G. Font ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> DF: B. Pujadas ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', H. Barco ''(Espanyol Juvenil A)'', L. Aleixandri ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> MF: L. Martínez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', P. Fernández ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> FW: E. Benítez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', L. Muñoz ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)''|| GK: M. Alemany ''(Monroe Mustangs)''<br /> DF: A. Cortés ''(ta yi ritaya)'', Q. Gómez ''(Igualada)'' <br /> MF: J. Mas ''(Espanyol B)'' <br /> FW: A. Arboix ''(Girona)'', A. Aparicio ''(Little Rock Trojans)'', C. Puiggrós ''(L'Estartit)'' |- | 2016 || GK: A. Giménez ''(Espanyol)'' <br /> DF: A. Torrodà ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', B. Bou ''(L'Estartit)'' <br /> MF: T. Morató ''(ENFAF)'', S. Ismael ''(Espanyol B)'', S. Hernández ''(L'Estartit)'' <br /> FW: M. Benedicto ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', C. Andújar ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', A. Martínez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' || GK: K.A. Schmidt ''(Levante Las Planas)''<br /> DF: N. Garrote ''(Espanyol)'' <br /> MF: A. Bonmatí ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', N. Martínez ''(Logroño)'', S. Hernández ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', A. Falcón ''(Atlético M.)'', P. Garrote ''(Espanyol)'', E. Benítez ''(Espanyol B)'' <br /> FW: I. Uribe ''(Seagull)'' |- | 2017 || DF: J. Viñas ''(Espanyol B)'', L. Codina ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> MF: A. Esteve ''(Espanyol Juvenil A)'', P. Gutiérrez ''(Espanyol Juvenil A)'' <br /> FW: S. Extremera ''(Espanyol Juvenil A)'', C. Pina ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', A. Marín ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)''|| GK: I. Martínez ''(Sevilla)'' <br /> DF: A. Rovirola ''(Santa Teresa)'', B. Pujadas ''(Espanyol)'', O. Batlle ''(Madrid CFF)'', L. Aleixandri ''(Atlético M.)'' <br /> MF: P. Fernández ''(Málaga)'' <br /> FW: M. Benedicto ''(Espanyol B)'', A. Martínez ''(Espanyol B)'' |- | 2018 || GK: G. López ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', P. Argelaguet ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> DF: J. Fernández ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> MF: C. Martínez ''(Seagull)'', L. Linares ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', M. Vilarrasa ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', Z. Flores ''(Seagull)'' <br /> FW: B. Vilamala ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' || GK: A. Giménez ''(ta yi ritaya)'' <br /> DF: S. Extremera ''(Espanyol B)'', J. Viñas ''(EFM Lanzarote)'' <br /> MF: L. Martínez ''(Zaragoza CFF)'', S. Hernández ''(Fundación Albacete B)'', A. Torrodà ''(Espanyol)'' <br /> FW: A. Marín ''(Espanyol)'', L. Muñoz ''(Monroe Mustangs)'' |- | 2019 || GK: M. Muñoz ''(Mercantil)'', L. Coronado ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> DF: A. Fernández ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', J. Mora ''(Espanyol B)'', E. Ramírez ''(Espanyol B)'' <br /> MF: A. Mingueza ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> FW: V. Adrianova ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', A. Aparicio ''(Little Rock Trojans)'' || GK: G. López ''(CE Europa)'', P. Argelaguet ''(ta yi ritaya)'' <br /> MF: L. Linares ''(Iowa Western Reivers)'', M. Vilarrasa ''(Levante Las Planas)''<ref>{{cite web |title=The new Barça B, facing the challenge |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/noticias/1328289/el-nuevo-barca-b-ante-el-reto |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> |- | 2020 || GK: L. García ''(Seagull)'' <br /> DF: M. Fernandez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', C. Rodriguez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', E.Laborde ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', M. Molina ''(Espanyol B)'' <br /> MF: A. Caño ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', M. Pérez ''(DAMM)'', M. Llopis ''(Espanyol B)'', J. Bartel ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> FW: C. Riumalló ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', P. Lopez ''(Levante Las Planas)'', O. Vignola ''(Málaga)'', O. Baradad ''(SE AEM)'', G. Queiroz ''(Madrid CFF)''<ref>{{cite web |title=The FCB Femení B, to be renewed |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/el-fcb-femeni-b-a-renovarse/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=3 July 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=3 July 2020}}</ref> || GK: G. Font ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'' <br /> DF: A. Fernández ''(James Madison University)'', H. Barco ''(ta yi ritaya)'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Goodbye, Helena Barco! (2015-2020) |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/adios-helena-barco-2015-2020/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=15 June 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> L. Codina ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Laia Codina, Jana Fernández and Bruna Vilamala already have a number in the first team |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200905/483323411550/laia-codina-jana-fernandez-y-bruna-vilamala-ya-tienen-dorsal-con-el-primer-equipo.html |website=mundodeportivo.com |date=5 September 2020 |access-date=5 September 2020}}</ref> <br /> MF: C. Martínez ''(CF Pallejà)'', Z. Flores ''(Rayo Vallecano)'', P. Gutiérrez ''(Madrid CFF)'', A. Esteve ''(Eibar)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Goodbye, Aida Esteve! (2017-2020) |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/adios-aida-esteve-2017-2020/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=29 June 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=29 June 2020}}</ref> <br /> FW: T. Morató ''(Rayo Vallecano)'', A. Aparicio ''(Eibar)'', C. Pina ''(an ba da aro zuwa Sevilla)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Claudia Pina, will play on loan at Sevilla Femenino in the 2020/21 season |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/claudia-pina-jugara-cedida-en-el-sevilla-femenino-la-temporada-2020-21/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=20 July 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>, C. Armengol ''(an ba da aro zuwa Sevilla)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Carla Armengol, will play on loan at Sevilla Femenino in the 2020/21 season |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/carla-armengol-jugara-cedida-en-el-sevilla-femenino-la-temporada-2020-21/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=20 July 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=20 July 2020}}</ref>, C. Andújar ''(an ba da aro zuwa Valencia)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Candela Andújar, will play on loan at Valencia Femenino in the 2020/21 season |url=https://www.lapinainformativa.es/candela-andujar-jugara-cedida-en-el-valencia-femenino-la-temporada-2020-21/ |website=lapinainformativa.es |date=13 July 2020 |publisher=La Piña Informativa |access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> |- | 2021 || GK: M. Font ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br /> DF: B. Doltra ''(Girona)'' <br /> FW: L. Corrales ''(Atlético Baleares)'', R. Garcia ''(UD Collerense)''|| GK: L. García ''(Levante Las Planas)'' <br /> DF: J. Fernández ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', E. Ramírez ''(an ba da aro zuwa Real Sociedad)'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Emma Ramírez, transferred to Real Sociedad |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/femenino-a/noticias/2201501/emma-ramirez-cedida-a-la-real-sociedad |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=26 April 2022}}</ref> J. Mora ''(Levante Las Planas)'' <br /> FW: B. Vilamala ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', G. Queiroz ''(an ba da aro zuwa Levante)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Gio Queiroz reinforces the Levante |url=https://as.com/futbol/2021/08/12/femenino/1628786663_340865.html |website=as.com |date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> |- | 2022 || MF: V. López ''(Madrid CFF)'' <br /> FW: A. Arias ''(Real Madrid)'' || MF: O. Vignola ''(an ba da aro zuwa Sevilla)'' <br /> FW: G. Queiroz ''(Arsenal)'' |- | 2023 || MF: G. Dragoni ''(Inter Milan)'' || MF: O. Vignola ''(an ba da aro zuwa Alavés; an koma da ita zuwa Granada)'', M. Pérez ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', A. Mingueza ''(Granada)'' <br /> FW: E. Laborde ''(an ba da aro zuwa Alavés; an koma da ita zuwa Madrid CFF)'' |- | 2024 || MF: S. Schertenleib ''(Grasshopper Club Zürich)'' <br /> FW: L. Arufe ''(Victoria CF)'' || MF: J. Bartel ''(Chelsea)'', G. Dragoni ''(an ba da aro zuwa AS Roma)''<br /> FW: A. Arias ''(VfL Wolfsburg)'', L. Corrales ''(an ba da aro zuwa Sevilla)'' |- |2025 |GK: R. Romano ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' <br />DF: D. Martínez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', N. Jiménez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', C. Julià ''(Levante Badalona B)'', E. Szymczak ''(an dawo daga aro daga Liverpool)''<br />MF: E. Gálvez ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', C. Ferrera ''(Tenerife B)''<ref>{{cite web |title=El FC Barcelona ha incorporat la jugadora Carolina Ferrera|url=https://x.com/FCBfemeni/status/2017269071033823574 |website=FC Barcelona X |date=30 January 2026 |access-date=31 January 2026}}</ref><br />FW: L. Arufe ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'', K. Azraf ''(an ɗaga daga ƙungiyar matasa)'' |GK: M. Muñoz ''(Espanyol)''<br />DF: A. Cámara ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', E. Szymczak ''(an ba da aro zuwa Liverpool)'', J. Pujols ''(Wolfsburg)'', L. Martín ''(Villarreal)''<br /> MF: E. Martín ''(Valencia)'', C. Serrajordi ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', S. Schertenleib ''(an ɗaga zuwa babbar ƙungiya)'', W. Araśniewicz ''(an ba da aro zuwa Wolfsburg)'', O. Gamero ''(Bay FC)''<br /> FW: O. Baradad ''(Espanyol)'', L. Corrales ''(London City Lionesses)'', Noa Ortega ''(Atlético Madrid)'' |- |2026 |GK: K. Cissé ''(Kentucky Wildcats)'' <br />DF: J. Torres ''(Sevilla)''<br />MF: J. Lamp ''(Nordsjælland)''<ref>{{cite web |title=Josephine Lamp joins Barça B|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4555188/josephine-lamp-joins-barca-b |website=FC Barcelona |date=6 August 2026 |access-date=19 September 2026}}</ref><br />FW: L. Pennock ''(Twente)'', N. Nielsen ''(Fortuna Hjørring)'', G. Galli ''(Roma)'' |GK: <br />DF: <br /> MF: <br /> FW: |} == Kaka zuwa kaka == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 95%;" |- style="color:white; background:#A2A2D0;" | width=80 | '''Kaka''' | width=170 | '''Rukuni''' | width=30 | '''Mataki''' | width=50 | '''Matsayi''' | width=30 | '''Wasanni''' | width=30 | '''Nasara''' | width=30 | '''Canjaras''' | width=30 | '''Rashin nasara''' | width=30 | '''Kwallayen da aka ci''' | width=30 | '''Kwallayen da aka zura''' | width=30 | '''Bambancin kwallaye''' | width=30 | '''Maki''' | width=130 | '''Koci''' |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2003-04 |Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol Femenino|1ª Catalonia |bgcolor=#CC8899|3 | bgcolor=gold|'''1.º''' [[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|Hawan matsayi]] || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || Ramon Torne<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=12 August 2004 |page=45 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/9923fef0-5396-42fa-b6db-5d3e63494e55/ES_2003-04.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2003-04 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2004-05<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2004-05) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2004-05/0405-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 7.º || 26 || 10 || 4 || 12 || 48 || 48 || 0 || '''34''' || Ramon Torne<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=20 July 2005 |page=54 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/4972be5d-553e-45c3-a4e6-c4cf4d01a1f5/ES_2004-05.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2004-05 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2005-06<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2005-06) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2005-06/0506-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510130048/http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2005-06/0506-n3.htm |archive-date=10 May 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 8.º || 26 || 9 || 5 || 12 || 62 || 41 || 19 || '''32''' || Ramon Torne<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=25 July 2006 |page=52 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/75f7c750-36f6-44d1-9c88-278634e13dab/ES_2005-06.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2005-06 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2006-07<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2006-07) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2006-07/0607-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628021829/http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2006-07/0607-n3.htm |archive-date=28 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 6.º [[File:Red Arrow Down.svg|10px|Saukar matsayi]]{{efn|Duk da samun isassun maki da za su ba su damar ci gaba da kasancewa a gasar, dole ne su koma gasar yankin saboda saukar babbar ƙungiyar zuwa matakin ƙasa}} || 26 || 11 || 5 || 10 || 42 || 44 || -2 || '''38''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=26 July 2007 |page=61 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/a4826870-ff62-42c5-bd96-ede0146cb154/ES_2006-07.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2006-07 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2007-08<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2007-08) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/Catalunya/2007-08/0708-1-1.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Divisiones Regionales de Fútbol Femenino|1ª Catalonia |bgcolor=#CC8899|3 | bgcolor=gold|'''1.º''' [[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|Hawan matsayi]] || 26 || 24 || 6 || 0 || 101 || 20 || +81 || '''78''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=2 July 2008 |page=26 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/c10bc9e6-7c2d-4db7-af83-2c10091f3f2a/ES_2007-08.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2007-08 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2008-09<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2008-09) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2008-09/0809-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510130050/http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2008-09/0809-n3.htm |archive-date=10 May 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 10.º || 26 || 9 || 6 || 11 || 53 || 41 || +12 || '''33''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=30 June 2009 |page=35 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/cf8e21dc-9dec-41df-8343-fc7b2b590285/ES_2008-09.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2008-09 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2009-10<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2009-10) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2009-10/0910-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628020254/http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2009-10/0910-n3.htm |archive-date=28 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=#CC8899|3.º || 26 || 19 || 1 || 6 || 95 || 32 || +63 || '''58''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=22 September 2010 |page=35 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/816c660b-2d4b-42e4-b84c-4580d9f33e12/ES_2009-10.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2009-10 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2010-11<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2010-11) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2010-11/1011-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 5.º || 26 || 11 || 8 || 7 || 56 || 39 || +17 || '''41''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=26 July 2011 |page=36 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/ce0af260-3697-4e22-b601-2bdfd237fee7/ES_2010-11.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2010-11 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2011-12<ref>{{cite web |title=Primera Nacional - Group III (2011-12) |url=http://arquero-arba.futbolme.net/Femenino/2010-11/1011-n3.htm |website=arquero-arba.futbolme.net |access-date=8 May 2022}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 4.º || 26 || 15 || 4 || 7 || 51 || 32 || +19 || '''49''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=11 July 2012 |page=39 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/8300c84c-8508-476b-8c03-2d8ac4e5597a/ES_2011-12.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2011-12 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2012-13<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2012-13) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=952 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 5.º || 26 || 13 || 7 || 6 || 59 || 49 || +10 || '''46''' || Joaquim Querol<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=22 July 2013 |page=34 |url=https://issuu.com/fcbarcelona_cat/docs/memoria_club_12_13_castellano_baixa |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2012-13 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2013-14<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2013-14) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=1160 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | 7.º || 26 || 10 || 5 || 11 || 39 || 31 || +8 || '''35''' || Jordi Ventura<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=21 October 2014 |page=37 |url=https://issuu.com/fc_barcelona/docs/report_fc_barcelona_club_english_20 |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2013-14 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228000648/https://issuu.com/fc_barcelona/docs/report_fc_barcelona_club_english_20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2014-15<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2014-15) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=1356 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=silver|2.º || 26 || 19 || 6 || 1 || 77 || 12 || +65 || '''63''' || Jordi Ventura<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=13 July 2015 |page=41 |url=https://platform-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/HawkEye/document/2018/08/23/7393804b-8cd4-451e-9671-25d1703da62e/ES_2014-15.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2014-15 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2015-16<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2015-16) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=1546 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1.º''' || 26 || 23 || 3 || 0 || 104 || 11 || +93 || '''72''' || Zoe García<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=October 2016 |page=41 |url=https://fcbarcelona-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/fcbarcelona/document/2018/03/20/686ee0da-4651-437e-b99e-a861d9365049/Annual-Report-2015-16.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2015-16 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2016-17<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2016-17) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=1788 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1.º''' || 26 || 19 || 3 || 4 || 79 || 23 || +56 || '''60''' || Zoe García<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=October 2017 |page=40 |url=https://fcbarcelona-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/fcbarcelona/document/2018/03/20/efe48c07-b819-43f7-8afa-9ce2a0129045/Annual-Report-2016-17.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2016-17 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2017-18<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2017-18) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=1975 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1.º'''{{efn|Ƙungiyar ba ta samu damar shiga wasannin neman gurbin ɗagawa zuwa mataki na gaba ba duk da lashe gasar har sau uku a jere, saboda a matsayinta na ƙungiyar ajiya dole ne ta kasance aƙalla mataki ɗaya ƙasa da babbar ƙungiyar FC Barcelona Femení}} || 26 || 20 || 3 || 3 || 81 || 17 || +64 || '''63''' || Jordi Ventura<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=October 2018 |page=42 |url=https://fcbarcelona-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/fcbarcelona/document/2019/01/09/a7e30fb3-19e4-4bb6-8a78-1b957bb25065/MEMORIA_CLUB_2017_18_CAS-opti.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2017-18 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2018-19<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División - Group III (2018-19) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=2174 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Primera Nacional de Fútbol|2ª Rukuni na III |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=#CC8899|3.º [[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px|Hawan matsayi]]{{efn|An ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa sabon mataki na biyu na ƙwallon ƙafar mata na Spain, Segunda División Pro}} || 26 || 16 || 5 || 5 || 72 || 26 || +46 || '''53''' || Jordi Ventura<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=October 2019 |page=40 |url=https://fcbarcelona-static-files.s3.amazonaws.com/fcbarcelona/document/2019/10/06/fde3ba62-cd0a-446a-950c-3c8a297a5897/MEMORIA_CLUB_2018_19_ENG.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2018-19 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2019-20<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División Pro - Grupo North (2019-20) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=2360 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |Segunda División Pro|2ªPro Rukunin Arewa |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=#CC8899|3.º || 22 || 14 || 3 || 5 || 61 || 28 || +33 || '''45''' || Jordi Ventura<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=July 2020 |page=42 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/fcbarcelona/document/2021/06/20/db2e986a-d39c-4472-bee6-91627d0cf0ab/Libro-Memoria_ANG_compressed.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2019-20 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | rowspan="2" |2020-21 |Segunda División Pro|2ªPro Rukunin Arewa "B"<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División Pro - Grupo North "B" (2020-21) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=2464 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> |rowspan="2" bgcolor=silver|2 | 3.º || 16 || 7 || 5 || 4 || 30 || 19 || +11 || '''26''' || rowspan="2" |Miguel Llorente<ref>{{cite journal |author1=FC Barcelona Communication Department |date=October 2021 |page=42 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/fcbarcelona/document/2021/10/17/aefc9921-bf56-406c-ae05-3581e1de2a12/MEM_CLUB_2020_21_ENG.pdf |access-date=8 May 2022 |title=FC Barcelona's Annual Report 2020-21 |publisher=FC Barcelona |location=Barcelona |language=English }}</ref> |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |Segunda División Pro|2ªPro Rukunin Arewa "C"<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División Pro - Grupo North "C" (2020-21) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=2527 |website=txapeldunak.com |access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref> | 4.º || 24 || 12 || 5 || 7 || 47 || 26 || +21 || '''41''' |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |'''2021-22'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Segunda División Pro - Grupo North (2021-22) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion.asp?id=2570 |website=txapeldunak.com |publisher=Txapeldunak |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> |Segunda División Pro|2ªPro Rukunin Arewa |bgcolor=silver|2 | 6° || 27 || 15 || 3 || 9 || 46 || 27 || +19 || '''48''' || Óscar Belis<ref>{{cite web |title=Barça B Marches Forward |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.es/es/futbol/femenino-a/noticias/2205858/el-barca-b-se-pone-en-marcha |website=fcbarcelona.com |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref> |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2022-23<ref>{{cite web |title=1ª RFEF Femenina (2022/2023) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion-clasificacion.asp?id=2798 |website=txapeldunak.com |publisher=Txapeldunak |access-date=24 April 2023}}</ref> |Primera Federación|1ª RFEF |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1°'''{{efn|name=LeagueWon|Ba a ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa mataki na gaba ba duk da lashe gasar, saboda dole ne ta kasance aƙalla mataki ɗaya ƙasa da babbar ƙungiyar FC Barcelona Femení}} || 30 || 18 || 5 || 7 || 58 || 31 || +27 || '''59''' || Óscar Belis |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2023-24<ref>{{cite web |title=1ª RFEF Femenina (2023/2024) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion-clasificacion.asp?id=3984 |website=txapeldunak.com |publisher=Txapeldunak |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref> |Primera Federación|1ª RFEF |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1°'''{{efn|name=LeagueWon}} || 26 || 18 || 4 || 4 || 55 || 17 || +38 || '''58''' || Óscar Belis |- bgcolor=#EFEFEF |2024-25 |Primera Federación|1ª RFEF |bgcolor=silver|2 | 8° || 26 || 10 || 8 || 8 || 42 || 35 || +7 || '''38''' || Óscar Belis |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF |2025-26<ref>{{cite web |title=1ª RFEF Femenina (2025/2026) |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/competicion-clasificacion.asp?id=4439 |website=txapeldunak.com |publisher=Txapeldunak |access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref> |Primera Federación|1ª RFEF |bgcolor=silver|2 | bgcolor=gold| '''1°'''{{efn|name=LeagueWon}} || 26 || 18 || 4 || 4 || 67 || 26 || +41 || '''58''' || Óscar Belis |- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | colspan="13" |<small>''An sabunta bayanan ƙarshe a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026''</small> |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} gvxneurn9laat4piuu1myqdvjr6hgcg 0 177747 965908 961480 2026-10-10T18:52:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> '''Emília Carlota Sebastião Celestino Dias''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) 'yar siyasa ce kuma malama a Angola. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin [[Angola]] tun shekara ta 2008. A shekara ta 2026, an zabe ta babban sakatare na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Angola . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Emília Carlota Dias a Lardin Namibe na Angola a shekara 1972. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Emilia Carlota Sebastião Celestino Dias |url=https://parlamento.ao/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Assembleia Nacional |language=pt}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2026-02-27 |title=Emília Carlota Dias é a quarta secretária-geral da OMA |url=https://luandapost.com/emilia-carlota-dias-e-a-quarta-secretaria-geral-da-oma/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=LuandaPost |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309215629/https://luandapost.com/emilia-carlota-dias-e-a-quarta-secretaria-geral-da-oma/ |archive-date=2026-03-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta fara aikinta na siyasa a cikin shekarun 1980 a matsayin memba na kungiyoyin matasa daban-daban, gami da kungiyar Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization da Matasan MPLA . <ref name=":2" /> Tana da digiri na farko a fannin ilimi, ƙwararre a tarihi, kuma a baya ta koyar a Makarantar Horar da Kwararru a Fasaha da Kwarewa a Lardin Namibe . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Emilia Carlota Sebastião Celestino Dias |url=https://parlamento.ao/ |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Assembleia Nacional |language=pt}}</ref> An kuma nada ta a matsayin shugabar sashi na Cibiyar Nazarin Yara ta Angola . <ref name=":3" /> A shekara ta 2008, an zabi Dias a Majalisar Dokokin Angola a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar [[MPLA]] mai mulki, wanda ke wakiltar mazabar zabe ta kasa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> An sake zabar ta a shekarar 2012, 2017, da 2022.<ref name=":2" /> A shekara ta 2010, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Tsarin Mulki wacce ta sake rubuta Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Angola, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin masu sanya hannu kan takardar.<ref name=":2" /> A shekarar ta 2026, an zabe ta babban sakatare na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Angola, ta gaji [[Joana Tomás]] . <ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-01 |title=Carlota Dias eleita secretária-geral da Organização da Mulher Angolana |url=https://jornaldeangola.ao/noticias/1/pol%C3%ADtica/670606/carlota-dias-eleita-secret%C3%A1ria-geral-da-organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o-da-mulher-angolana- |access-date=2026-04-22 |website=Jornal de Angola |language=pt}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a kwamitin tsakiya na kungiyar tun shekara ta 2005. A duk locachin da ta yi aiki, Dias ta yi kira ga karfafa mata, gami da goyon baya ga mata na karkara da kuma hada mata a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawra.<ref name=":2" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 0wdbkt52oip60qybzq8yu4ruwdv2lqu 0 177871 966036 961884 2026-10-11T02:28:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Gadam | settlement_type = District | official_name = Gadam | country = Nigeria | state = Gombe State | local_government_area = Kwami | postal_code = 760102 | coordinates = {{coord|10.47479|11.10164|type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 513 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Gadam''' wata al'umma ce da ke cikin [[Kwami Local Government Area]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Gadam tana cikin yankin yammacin Kwami, kuma bayanan Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya (INEC) sun bayyana Gadam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wuraren rajista na Kwami Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |date=2015 |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A bayanan taswirar GeoNames da OpenStreetMap, Gadam tana da kusan latitude 10.47479° arewa da longitude 11.10164° gabas, kuma tana da tsayin kusan mita 513 daga saman teku. Bayanai na taswira sun bayyana ta a matsayin ƙauye (village) a cikin Kwami, Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gadam Map - Village - Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria |publisher=Mapcarta |url=https://mapcarta.com/17030466 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam tana cikin Kwami Local Government Area, wadda hedikwatarta take a [[Malam Sidi]]. Kundin INEC na Gombe ya lissafa Gadam a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba 05 a cikin Kwami LGA, tare da sauran yankunan rajista kamar Bojude, Daban Fulani, Doho, Dukul, Jurara, Komfulata, Kwami, Malam Sidi da Malleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Polling Unit Directory |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayanin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ya kuma tabbatar da kasancewar makarantar '''Government Secondary School Gadam''' a Kwami, Jihar Gombe. Makarantar tana cikin jerin makarantun sakandare da aka bayyana a shirin ilimi da fasahar sadarwa na yankin Arewa maso Gabas. <ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |publisher=Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Haka kuma, takardar [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] kan jerin makarantun gwamnati ta lissafa '''Government Day Secondary School, Gadam''' a ƙarƙashin Gombe/Kwami. Wannan ya nuna cewa Gadam na daga cikin al'ummomin Kwami da ke da makarantar sakandaren gwamnati. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education / National Senior Secondary Education Commission |url=https://nssec.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/List-of-Public-Secondary-Schools-in-Nigeria.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> A bangaren ilimin ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa, an gudanar da wani bincike na kimiyya a Gadam wanda ya mai da hankali kan ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Binciken ya bayyana Gadam a matsayin gari/al'umma da ke cikin Kwami Local Government Area, a kan Upper Benue Trough, kuma ya yi nazari kan tsarin ruwa ƙarƙashin ƙasa da nau'o'in aquifer da ake samu a yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Groundwater Investigation of Gadam Town, Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria |journal=ResearchGate |year=2023 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367157425_Groundwater_Investigation_of_Gadam_town_Gombe_State_Northeastern_Nigeria |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Binciken ya kuma bayyana cewa mazauna Gadam suna gudanar da ayyukan noma da farauta a matsayin wasu daga cikin hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa. Wannan ya dace da yanayin karkarar yankin Kwami, inda noma yake daga cikin muhimman ayyukan tattalin arziki na al'ummomin yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Groundwater Investigation of Gadam Town, Gombe State, Northeastern Nigeria |journal=ResearchGate |year=2023 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367157425_Groundwater_Investigation_of_Gadam_town_Gombe_State_Northeastern_Nigeria |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam tana da wasu ƙananan ƙauyuka da wuraren zama da ke ƙarƙashin yankinta. Jerin ƙauyuka da matsugunan Gombe ya lissafa wurare kamar Kobozo, Bafuya, Gamadadi, Zangoma Gaji, Bamayi Birin, Bulama Dauda, Ganjuwa, Ngaji, Babadala, Yalwa Yame, Yelwa Tafida, Bomala da wasu wurare a ƙarƙashin yankin Gadam. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |publisher=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta bayyana aikin hanyar '''Gadam–Yame–Kyari zuwa Malam Sidi''', wadda aka bayyana a matsayin hanya mai tsawon kilomita 28 da ke haɗa yankin Kwami West da sauran sassan Kwami. Hanyar tana da muhimmanci wajen haɗa al'ummomin yankin da kuma sauƙaƙa zirga-zirga da harkokin tattalin arziki. <ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe Governor Boosts Rural Development in Kwami, Dukku |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=2026-02-27 |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-boosts-rural-development-in-kwami-dukku/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gadam kuma tana cikin yankin Kwami West. Wani rahoton binciken al'umma na UN Women ya bayyana cewa Kwami Local Government Area tana da sassa biyu, Kwami East da Kwami West, inda Gadam take cikin Kwami West tare da Kwami, Komfulata da Bojude. Rahoton ya kuma bayyana Kwami a matsayin yanki mai yawan kabilu daban-daban, ciki har da Bolawa, Tera, Kwami da Fulani. <ref>{{cite report |title=Report of Baseline Survey |publisher=UN Women |url=https://africa.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20Africa/Attachments/Publications/2016/10/REPORT%20OF%20BASELINE%20SURVEY.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> A fannin gudanarwa, Gadam tana da matsayi na musamman a tsarin zaɓe na Kwami, domin INEC ta ware ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas na ƙaramar hukumar. A cikin kundin INEC, Gadam tana da lambar Registration Area 05, kuma an ware mata cibiyoyin kada kuri'a a makarantu da sauran wuraren da hukumar ta ayyana. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Polling Unit Directory |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saboda matsayinta a Kwami West, makarantu da hanyoyin sufuri, Gadam na daga cikin muhimman ƙananan al'ummomin da ke haɗa yankunan karkarar Kwami da sauran sassan ƙaramar hukumar. Aikin hanyar Gadam–Yame–Kyari zuwa Malam Sidi da kuma kasancewar makarantar sakandaren gwamnati a Gadam na daga cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da ke da alaƙa da yankin. <ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe Governor Boosts Rural Development in Kwami, Dukku |publisher=Voice of Nigeria |date=2026-02-27 |url=https://von.gov.ng/gombe-governor-boosts-rural-development-in-kwami-dukku/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kwami]] * [[Malam Sidi]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kwami Local Government Area]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pnux4qr302f96qcdy4rpq9uq051s2py 0 177964 965778 962232 2026-10-10T13:07:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dongol''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Akko]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin [[Gundumar Pindiga]] ta ƙaramar hukumar Akko, kuma yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''771103'''. == Yawan jama'a == Wani binciken ilimi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023 ya bayyana cewa Dongol yana da kimanin mutane '''3,231''' bisa ga ƙididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2006. Wannan adadin ya samo asali ne daga bayanan [[National Population Commission]] (NPC) da masu binciken suka yi amfani da su. == Wuri da yanayin ƙasa == Dongol yana a cikin yankin Akko na Jihar Gombe. Binciken ƙasa ya sanya wurin tsakanin kusan latitude 9°53′ zuwa 9°54′ arewa da longitude 11°1′ zuwa 11°3′ gabas. Dongol yana kusa da wasu matsuguna da suka haɗa da Lakelambu a gabas, Jauro Sule a arewa da Kulkul a kudu. Yankin yana da yanayin ƙasa mai tudu da gangare, tare da rafuka na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ruwa ke ƙaruwa a lokacin damina. == Ruwa da magudanan ruwa == Akwai wani rafi mai suna '''Dongol Stream''' wanda ke samo asali daga yankin Pindiga Hills kusa da Dongol Tong da Dongol Rah, sannan ya ratsa zuwa yankin Kashere kafin ya shiga [[Kogin Kashere]]. Binciken ya bayyana cewa rafukan yankin na da ruwa sosai a lokacin damina, musamman a watannin Agusta da Satumba, yayin da ruwan ke raguwa sosai a lokacin rani. == Zaɓe da gudanarwa == Dongol yana cikin '''Kashere Ward''' na Karamar Hukumar Akko. Bayanai na wuraren zaɓe sun nuna wuraren zaɓe da suka haɗa da '''Dongol Chadi, Primary School''' da '''Dongol Alewa, Kofar Jauro'''. Bayanan wuraren zaɓe sun nuna lambar wurin zaɓe ta Dongol Chadi, Primary School a matsayin '''15/01/04/014''', yayin da Dongol Alewa, Kofar Jauro yake da lambar '''15/01/04/015'''. == Lafiya == Akwai '''Dongol Health Clinic''' a yankin Kashere na Karamar Hukumar Akko. An jera cibiyar a matsayin cibiyar kiwon lafiya da ke Dongol, Akko. == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Dongol yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''771103'''. Wannan lambar tana ƙarƙashin Gundumar Pindiga ta Karamar Hukumar Akko. == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] — jerin ƙauyuka da matsugunan Jihar Gombe. * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/771103/ Nigeria Postcode — 771103]. * [https://fuwjss.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Paper-12.pdf FUWUKARI Journal of Social Sciences] — binciken yanayin ƙasa da magudanan ruwa na Dongol. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State]. * [https://situationroomng.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/GOMBE.pdf Gombe State Polling Unit Data]. * [https://thehospitalbook.com/hospital/page/746/ Dongol Health Clinic, Kashere, Akko]. qkda63jpep6i4ujj3cthn6crafqbvga 0 178010 966024 962310 2026-10-10T23:59:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fitilai''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Balanga]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin yankin Cham-mwona na ƙaramar hukumar, kuma yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''761126'''.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State]</ref> == Wuri == Fitilai yana cikin yankin Cham-mwona na [[Karamar Hukumar Balanga]]. An jera shi cikin ƙauyukan yankin Cham-mwona tare da [[Bare]], [[Buler]], [[Dongaje]], [[Kutared]], [[Kwarge]], [[Kwarge-Sabon-Layi]], [[Lakun Babba]], [[Lakun Tela]], [[Lojah]], [[Lojah-Fulani]], [[Mwona Tari]], [[Sabon Layi]] da [[Silon]].<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State]</ref> == Harshe == Fitilai yana da alaƙa da mutanen da ke magana da harshen Bwilim. A cikin kundin harsunan Najeriya, an nuna ''Mwana'' ko ''Mwona'' a matsayin sunan Hausa, yayin da ''Fitilai'' yake a matsayin sunan ƙauyen da ke da alaƙa da Bwilim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Atlas-of-Nigerian-Languages.pdf |title=Atlas of Nigerian Languages |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526055810/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Atlas-of-Nigerian-Languages.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta Fitilai ita ce '''761126'''.<ref>[https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/gombe-balanga-cham-mwona-fitilai.html Fitilai – Nigeria Postcode]</ref> == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/gombe-balanga-cham-mwona-fitilai.html Fitilai – Nigeria Postcode] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250526055810/https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Atlas-of-Nigerian-Languages.pdf Atlas of Nigerian Languages] f6gb2laa26h27p1rujuie76br8en01a 0 178067 966041 962409 2026-10-11T03:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wasan Fantasy Premier League''' ( '''FPL''' ) wasa ne na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na fantasy kyauta na [[Premier League|gasar Premier]] ta Ingila. Tare da 'yan wasa sama da miliyan 13, shine mafi girman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na fantasy a kowace gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta cikin gida. <ref name="players">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2026 |title=Fantasy Premier League |url=https://fantasy.premierleague.com/ |publisher=Premier league}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Fantasy Football League wadda aka gina a kan Premier League a Burtaniya a farkon shekarun 1990. A shekarar 1994, sigar Daily Telegraph ta kasance jagora a bayyane. Shahararsa ta karu cikin sauri sakamakon wasan barkwanci na talabijin mai suna Fantasy Football League wanda Frank Skinner da David Baddiel suka shirya, wanda shi ma ya fara a shekarar 1994. An ƙaddamar da gasar Fantasy Premier League ta ISM Fantasy Games - <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=The Online Era: The History of Fantasy Football |url=https://fpltips.com/the-online-era-of-fantasy-football/ |website=fpltips.com}}</ref> kuma Premier League ce ta mallaka kuma ke tafiyar da ita, kafin kakar wasannin Premier ta 2002-03 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2023 |title=The FPL Era: The History of Fantasy Football |url=https://fpltips.com/the-fpl-era-the-history-of-fantasy-football/ |website=fpltips.com}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi tare da ƙirƙirar gidan yanar gizon Premier League. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League (Info) |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016202815/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |archive-date=2002-10-16 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com (Web Archive)}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko, tana da 'yan wasa 76,200, inda suka yi nasara a wasan VIP da suka yi a gasar Premier League da suka zaɓa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League (Prizes) |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021016202815/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/info.html |archive-date=2002-10-16 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com (Web Archive)}}</ref> Tarin 'yan wasa yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara, ban da kakar wasa ta 2012–13 da 2023–24, inda ya zarce 'yan wasa miliyan ɗaya a karon farko a kakar wasa ta 2006–07 da kuma sama da masu shiga miliyan 10 a karon farko a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2022–23. == Wasan kwaikwayo == === Na Gargajiya === Wasan Fantasy Premier League na gargajiya a buɗe yake ga jama'a kuma miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya suna fafatawa kowace shekara. Dole ne mahalarta su zaɓi ƙungiya bisa ga ainihin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Premier League waɗanda ke cin maki na almara bisa ga ƙididdigar waɗannan 'yan wasan. Maki yana taruwa a duk tsawon kakar wasa domin a ayyana zakara. Baya ga jimillar jagororin duniya baki ɗaya, akwai ƙananan allunan jagoranci na jama'a masu atomatik waɗanda aka rarraba bisa ga ƙasarsu da kuma ƙungiyar Premier League da ake tallafawa. * '''Zaɓen ƙungiya:''' Mahalarta gasar za su zaɓi ƙungiyar 'yan wasa 15 daga gasar Premier a cikin kasafin kuɗi na fam miliyan 100. Ana iya zaɓar 'yan wasa uku a kowace ƙungiya. Dole ne 'yan wasa na farko su ƙunshi mai tsaron gida ɗaya da kuma aƙalla masu tsaron gida uku. * '''Gudanar da ƙungiya:''' An ba wa manajoji damar yin canja wuri ɗaya kyauta a kowane mako, tare da damar canza canja wurin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba (har zuwa biyar) a kowane mako har tsawon aƙalla biyar. Ana iya yin ƙarin canja wuri don cire maki -4 a kowane canja wuri. Masu amfani kuma suna zaɓar kyaftin, wanda aka ninka maki biyu a zagayen, da kuma mataimakin kyaftin, wanda zai zama kyaftin kai tsaye idan kyaftin ɗin da aka zaɓa bai buga wasa ba. Dole ne a yi canje-canje kafin ranar ƙarshe ta mako-mako na wasan. Ana kunna madadin 'yan wasa ta atomatik idan ɗan wasan farko bai buga wasa ba, bisa ga tsarin benci da kocin ya zaɓa da kuma cikin ƙa'idojin da suka dace na shirya wasa. * '''Maki da aka ci:''' Ana bayar da maki bisa ga aikin 'yan wasa na gaske, tare da ayyuka kamar kwallaye, taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen samun maki, yayin da ake cire maki idan aka yi booking da kuma zura kwallaye a raga. ''Tsarin maki na kari'' kuma yana ba wa 'yan wasa lada idan aka yi la'akari da kididdigar da ke ƙasa, inda manyan 'yan wasa uku ke cin kwallaye a ma'auni kamar kammala wucewa da kuma takula wajen samun maki na kari. Tun daga shekarar 2012, Opta ita ce mai samar da bayanai ga FPL. <ref name="era3">{{Cite web |last=Reeves |first=Jamie |date=6 June 2023 |title=The FPL Era: The History of Fantasy Football (Part 3) |url=https://fpltips.com/the-fpl-era-the-history-of-fantasy-football/ |website=FPL Tips}}</ref> Wasan zai gudana tsawon kakar wasannin Premier gaba daya, kuma wanda ya lashe gasar gaba daya shine kocin da ya tara maki mafi yawa a karshen kakar wasa. * '''Kwakwalwa:''' Tun daga shekarar 2015, manajoji sun samar da kwakwalwa da dama da za a yi amfani da su a duk tsawon kakar wasa. Dole ne a kunna su kafin wa'adin makon wasa. Ana iya amfani da guntun wake sau ɗaya a rabin farko na kakar wasa, sannan kuma a rabin na biyu na kakar wasa. Ba sa ɗaukar kaya. Kwakwalwa sun haɗa da: ** Wildcard - canja wurin dindindin mara iyaka ba tare da tsada ba. ** Kyaftin sau uku – maki da aka zaɓa daga kyaftin an ninka shi sau uku maimakon ninka shi sau biyu. ** Ƙara yawan maki daga madadin manaja - ana ƙara maki daga waɗanda suka maye gurbinsa zuwa jimillar. ** Kyauta - canja wurin da ba a iyakance ba tare da tsada ba ga mako guda na wasa. Za a dawo da ƙungiyar da ta buga wasan makon da ya gabata a ƙarshen zagayen. ** Mataimakin Manaja (an dakatar da shi a kakar wasa ta 2025–26) – kafin kakar wasa ta 2024–25, FPL ta sanar da wani sabon "abin mamaki" da za a iya bugawa a watan Janairun 2025. An bayyana cewa wannan shine Mataimakin Manaja. Idan aka zaɓe shi, zai fara aiki na tsawon makonni uku, kuma manajan FPL zai zaɓi manajan Premier League don ya ba da maki ga ƙungiyarsa dangane da aikin kocin Premier League. ** Duk wani hari da aka kai (an dakatar da shi a shekarar 2017) – ya bai wa manajoji damar buga wasa 2-5-3, wato, fara wani ƙarin mai kai hari a kan wanda ke tsaron baya. * '''Sabunta iyakokin canja wuri (2024–25):''' Kafin kakar wasa ta 2024–25, FPL ta ƙara yawan canja wurin kyauta da koci zai iya ɗauka daga ɗaya zuwa huɗu, wanda hakan ya ba da damar aƙalla biyar a cikin mako guda na wasa. * '''Gudummawar Tsaro:''' FPL ta gabatar da maki na Defensive Contribution (DEFCON) kafin kakar wasa ta 2025-26, inda manajojin FPL za su sami ƙarin maki 2 idan 'yan wasan da suka zaɓa suka kai matakin DEFCON (Masu tsaron baya: 10, 'Yan wasan tsakiya & Masu gaba: 12) * '''Ƙananan gasa:''' Masu amfani za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan gasa na sirri da kuma gayyatar abokai ko wasu 'yan wasa su shiga. Ana samun maki a tsari biyu: tsarin jimillar maki na yau da kullun ko kuma gasar kai-da-kai, inda ƙungiyoyi ke fafatawa da juna a kowane mako, suna samun maki uku idan aka yi nasara ko kuma aka yi kunnen doki. * '''Kofin FPL:''' Gasar cin kofin knockout tana gudana a lokaci guda a lokacin kakar wasa. Ana zana kocina bazuwar wasa da abokin hamayya kuma a fafata a wasan kai da kai ta amfani da ƙungiyar FPL ta yau da kullun, inda wanda ya yi nasara kawai zai shiga zagaye na gaba. * '''Tsarin mallaka:''' Bayanai na ainihin lokaci akan mafi yawan 'yan wasa da manajojin FPL ke mallaka ana samun su ta hanyar kayan aikin waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Update: Most Owned Players in Fantasy Premier League |url=https://eplfixtures.com/fpl-most-owned-players-live-update/ |access-date=5 August 2025 |website=EPL Fixtures}}</ref> === Daftarin daftarin === Baya ga tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi, FPL ta gabatar da yanayin daftarin aiki a karon farko a shekarar 2017. A wannan yanayin, manajoji suna shiga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na manajoji 2-16. Babu kasafin kuɗi, kuma a maimakon haka, manajoji suna zaɓar 'yan wasa daban-daban don ƙungiyar 'yan wasa 15. Duk da haka, da zarar an zaɓi ɗan wasa, ba za a iya zaɓar wasu manajoji a cikin wannan takamaiman ƙungiyar masu zaman kansu ba. === Kalubale === A watan Maris na 2024, FPL ta ƙaddamar da [[Tsarin rayuwar sakin software|sigar beta]] ta sabon wasan DFS mai suna FPL Challenge. Yanayin ya bambanta da babban wasan kuma yana buƙatar 'yan wasa su gina ƙungiya don mako guda na wasa tare da takamaiman ƙalubale na musamman ga makon wasan kuma yana aiki (misali, kasafin kuɗi mara iyaka, 'yan wasa a wasu matsayi ko ga wasu ƙungiyoyi suna cin maki biyu). Ba kamar yanayin gargajiya da na daftari ba, wasan wasa ne na "kullum" na gajere wanda maki ke sake dawowa zuwa sifili bayan kowane zagaye. Wannan yana nufin babu jimillar allunan jagoranci na kakar wasa kuma ana ba da kyaututtuka ga manyan manajoji uku masu cin kwallaye a kowane zagaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shand |first=Holly |date=25 March 2024 |title=What is the new FPL Challenge game? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5366532/2024/03/25/fantasy-premier-league-challenge-game/ |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa ta 2024-25, FPL ta ƙara jadawalin jagoranci na tsawon kakar wasa da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar ƙananan lig-lig. An kuma gabatar da abubuwan da suka faru. Taron wani ɗan gajeren tari ne na makonni huɗu ko biyar na wasanni tare da jigo mai faɗi (misali, ƙungiyoyi biyar masu gefe ɗaya maimakon na gargajiya na XI). Manajoji suna iya bin diddigin matsayinsu na ƙananan lig a lokacin wasanni da kuma makonnin wasanni ɗaya da maki na tsawon kakar wasa. == Masu nasara == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" |+List of Fantasy Premier League champions ! scope="col" |Season ! scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Players|Number of teams in gameweek 38}}<ref name="growth">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=Season by Season FPL Managers Growth |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2022/06/number-of-people-who-played-fpl-each-season-how-many-play-fpl/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> ! scope="col" |Winner ! scope="col" |Nationality ! scope="col" |Team name ! scope="col" |Points ! scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |2002–03 |76k |Graeme Haddow | South Africa |Wee Wullie Winkie FC |1,940{{Refn|Points did not start accumulating in the first FPL season until gameweek 7 with the first six weeks considered preseason, allowing players to familiarise themselves with the game.<ref name ="era3"/>}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2014 |title=Genesis of Fantasy Premier League |url=https://fpldiscovery.wordpress.com/2014/05/12/genesis-of-fantasy-premier-league/ |website=FPL Discovery}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2003–04 |312k |Muir O'Connor | Ireland |The Lonely 11 |2,151 |<ref name="list">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2022 |title=List of FPL Winners Since The First FPL Season in 2002/03 |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2022/06/list-of-fpl-winners-since-the-first-fpl-season-in-2002-03/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2004–05 |472k |Andy Tomlins | England |Palace Excile |2,253 | |- ! scope="row" |2005–06 |810k |Tommy Wilson | |Blue Bridge Brigade |2,326 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2006–07 |1.27m |Mike Dolan | |Divers & Cheats XI |2,268 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2007–08 |1.70m |John Frisina | Australia |FRISK UTD |2,466 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy football winner reveals secrets of success |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/03/20/win.fantasy.football/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2008–09 |1.95m |Sir Moult | Australia |MOULTANIC |2,264 |<ref name="list" /> |- ! scope="row" |2009–10 |2.10m |Jon Reeson | England |Westfield Irons |2,668 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2010 |title=An Interview with Jon Reeson |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2010/05/30/an-interview-with-jon-reeson/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2010–11 |2.35m |Chris McGurn | England |Morons FC |2,372 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2011 |title=View From The Top - An Interview with Chris McGurn |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/05/21/view-from-the-top-an-interview-with-chris-mcgurn/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2011–12 |2.78m |Sam Pater | England |SamCity |2,414 | |- ! scope="row" |2012–13 |2.61m |Matt Martyniak | England |Divine Mercy |2,472 | |- ! scope="row" |2013–14 |3.22m |Tom Fenley | England |Captain Suarez! |2,634 | |- ! scope="row" |2014–15 |3.5m |Simon March | England |Atletico Marchid** |2,470 | |- ! scope="row" |2015–16 |3.73m |Dimitri Nicolaou | England |Dimitris gavles |2,458 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2016 |title=Premier Leagu's Interview with FPL 2015/16 Winner Dimitri Nicolaou |url=https://fantasypremierleaguehappyhour.wordpress.com/2016/05/25/premier-leagues-interview-with-fpl-201516-winner-dimitri-nicolaou/ |website=Fantasy Premier League Happy Hour}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2016–17 |4.50m |Ben Crabtree | England |FC Crab Dogg |2,564 | |- ! scope="row" |2017–18 |5.19m |Yusuf Sheikh | Tanzania |Yusuf's Team |2,512 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2018 |title=Yusuf Sheikh wins FPL Crown |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2018/05/13/yusuf-sheikh-wins-fpl-crown/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2018–19 |6.32m |Adam Levy |{{NZL}} |#TheyAreUs |2,659 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2019 |title=Fantasy Premier League: The Kiwi who defied the odds |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/389258/fantasy-premier-league-the-kiwi-who-defied-the-odds |website=RNZ}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2019–20 |7.63m |Joshua Bull{{Refn|Aleksander Antonov finished on 2,575 points but was disqualified two weeks later by FPL "due to a breach of our terms."<ref>{{cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League champion disqualified and stripped of title |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/fantasy-premier-league-champion-disqualified-aleksandar-antonov-fpl-a9665506.html |website=The Independent |date=11 August 2020}}</ref>}} | England |The Bulldozers |2,557 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=Fantasy Premier League new winner after disqualification |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-53740931 |website=BBC News}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2020–21 |8.15m |Michael Coone | Ireland |Teddy Bears Utd |2,680 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title="It went to the bitter end" – Meet the Irish man who toppled 8.3m players to win Fantasy Premier League |url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/it-went-to-the-bitter-end-meet-the-irish-man-who-toppled-83m-players-to-win-fantasy-premier-league/40462310.html |website=Irish Independent}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2021–22 |9.17m |Jamie Pigott | United States |Futbol Is Life |2,844 | |- ! scope="row" |2022–23 |11.45m |Ali Jahangirov |{{AZE}} |FPL Gunz |2,776 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azerbaijan's Ali Jahangirov crowned winner of 2022-23 Fantasy Premier League |url=https://www.t-vine.com/azerbaijans-ali-jahangirov-crowned-winner-of-2022-23-fantasy-premier-league/ |website=T-Vine}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2023–24 |10.91m |Jonas Sand Låbakk |{{NOR}} |Onkel Blaa |2,799 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=An interview with FPL 2023/24 champion Jonas Sand Låbakk |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2024/05/27/an-interview-with-fpl-2023-24-champion-jonas-sand-labakk/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |2024–25 |11.50m |Lovro Budišin |{{HRV}} |Aina Krafth Bree* |2,810 | |- ! scope="row" |2025–26 |13.10m |Erik Ibsen |{{DNK}} |Ibsen |2,582 | |} <references group="nb" /> {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders unsortable" |+Jerin zakarun gasar Fantasy Premier League ! scope="col" | Kakar wasa ! scope="col" | <ref name="growth" /> ! scope="col" | Mai nasara ! scope="col" | Ƙasa ! scope="col" | Sunan ƙungiya ! scope="col" | Maki ! scope="col" | Ref. |- ! scope="row" | 2024–25 | 2.20m | Md Zawad Amin As-Salek |{{BGD}} | FPLlenge Zawad | 2,377 | |- ! scope="row" | 2025–26 | 4.78m | Elias Enback |{{Flag|Sweden}} | FC Bussen | 2,420 | |} == 'Yan wasa mafi yawan maki == Ga jerin 'yan wasan da suka kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Fantasy Premier League. : ''Adadin nasarori da yawa da aka nuna a cikin maƙallan.'' {| class="wikitable" |+Highest scoring players per season !Season !Player !Position !Starting price !Club !Points !Ref. |- |2002–03 |[[Thierry Henry]] |Forward |£11.0m |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |271 |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} |- |2003–04 |Thierry Henry (2) |Forward | |Arsenal |242 |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Marco |first=Raphael |date=4 July 2023 |title=The Highest FPL Points Scorers In Each Season So Far |url=https://www.givemesport.com/the-highest-fpl-points-scorers-in-each-season-so-far/ |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=GiveMeSport}}</ref> |- |2004–05 |[[Frank Lampard]] |Midfielder |£10.0m |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |269 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2004 |title=2004–05 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040809191609/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=9 August 2004 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2005–06 |Thierry Henry (3) |Forward |£14.0m |Arsenal |239 |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=S |first=Srinivasan |date=4 June 2023 |title=Most Expensive FPL Players Ever Since the 2002/03 Season |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2023/06/most-expensive-fpl-players-ever-since-the-2002-03-season/ |access-date=18 February 2024 |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- |2006–07 |[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |Midfielder |£10.0m |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |244 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2006 |title=2006–07 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719200522/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=19 July 2006 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2007–08 |Cristiano Ronaldo (2) |Midfielder |£12.0m |Manchester United |283 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2007 |title=2007–08 Fantasy Premier League player list |url=http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810212948/http://fantasy.premierleague.com/playerlist.html |archive-date=10 August 2007 |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> |- |2008–09 |Frank Lampard (2) |Midfielder |£11.0m |Chelsea |226 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2009–10 |Frank Lampard (3) |Midfielder | |Chelsea |284 |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2010–11 |[[Nani|Luis Nani]] |Midfielder |£8.0m |Manchester United |198 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2011 |title=Team of the Season - Nani |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/05/31/season-review-team-of-the-season-nani/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2011–12 |[[Robin van Persie]] |Forward |£12.0m |Arsenal |269 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2011 |title=First Impressions - FPL 2011/12 Price Guide |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2011/07/21/first-impressions/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2012–13 |Robin van Persie (2) |Forward |£13.0m |Manchester United |262 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2013 |title=Team of the Season - Robin Van Persie |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2013/06/03/team-of-the-season-robin-van-persie-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2013–14 |[[Luis Suárez]] |Forward |£11.0m |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |295 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2014 |title=Team of the Season - Luis Suarez |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2014/05/23/team-of-the-season-luis-suarez-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2014–15 |Eden Hazard |Midfielder |£10.0m |Chelsea |233 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2015 |title=Team of the Season - Eden Hazard |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2015/05/31/team-of-the-season-eden-hazard-2/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2015–16 |[[Riyad Mahrez]] |Midfielder |£5.5m |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |240 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Best Bargain FPL Assets of All Time |url=https://allaboutfpl.com/2023/06/best-bargain-fpl-assets-of-all-time-under-priced-budget-players/ |website=ALLABOUTFPL}}</ref> |- |2016–17 |Alexis Sánchez |Midfielder |£11.0m |Arsenal |264 | |- |2017–18 |[[Muhammad Salah|Mohamed Salah]] |Midfielder |£9.0m |Liverpool |303 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2018 |title=Team of the Season - Mohamed Salah |url=https://www.fantasyfootballscout.co.uk/2018/05/27/team-of-the-season-mohamed-salah/ |website=Fantasy Football Scout}}</ref> |- |2018–19 |Mohamed Salah (2) |Midfielder |£13.0m |Liverpool |259 | |- |2019–20 |[[Kelvin De Bruyne|Kevin De Bruyne]] |Midfielder |£9.5m |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |251 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=2019/20 Season Review |url=https://www.fantasyfootballfix.com/blog-index/201920-season-review-202021-preview/ |website=Fantasy Football Fix}}</ref> |- |2020–21 |[[Bruno Fernandes]] |Midfielder |£10.5m |Manchester United |244 | |- |2021–22 |Mohamed Salah (3) |Midfielder |£12.5m |Liverpool |265 |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2022–23 |[[Erling Haaland]] |Forward |£11.5m |Manchester City |272 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=How much should Haaland cost in FPL next season? |url=https://fantasyfootballcommunity.com/how-much-should-haaland-cost-in-fpl-next-season/ |website=Fantasy Football Community}}</ref> |- |2023–24 |[[Cole Palmer]] |Midfielder |£5.0m |Chelsea |244 | |- |2024–25 |Mohamed Salah (4) |Midfielder |£12.5m |Liverpool |344 | |- |2025–26 |Erling Haaland (2) |Forward |£14.0m |Manchester City |239 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantasy Premier League, Official Fantasy Football Game of the Premier League |url=https://fantasy.premierleague.com/ |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=fantasy.premierleague.com |language=en}}</ref> |} == Sauran wasanni == <references /> Baya ga wasan da aka buga a gasar Premier, akwai wasu wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa da dama da suka dogara da wasannin Premier League, waɗanda wasu daga cikinsu suka riga FPL. Kafafen watsa labarai kamar ''Daily Telegraph'' da Sky Sports suna bayar da kyaututtukan kuɗi don cin nasarar nau'ikan nau'ikan tsarin gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Telegraph Fantasy Football help |url=https://fantasyfootball.telegraph.co.uk/help |website=Telegraph}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sky FantasyFootball |url=https://fantasyfootball.skysports.com/ |website=www.skysports.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wasan Kwaikwayo na Fantasy wani dandali ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke bayar da wasannin zana maciji da gwanjo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting Started - Draft Fantasy Football |url=https://draftfantasyfootball.co.uk/content/getting-started-df/ |website=Draft Fantasy Blog}}</ref> FanTeam wani shafin caca ne wanda ke ba da wasannin yau da kullun da kuma wasan kakar wasa mai biyan kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FanTeam - Daily Fantasy & Betting |url=https://www.fanteam.com/support-questions/faq |website=www.fanteam.com}}</ref> Sorare wasa ne da aka yi bisa tsarin cryptocurrency inda masu amfani ke ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi ta hanyar tattarawa da kuma cinikin katunan 'yan wasa da NFTs . Kamfanin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar lasisin shekaru huɗu a hukumance da Premier League a watan Janairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League backs Sorare's NFT fantasy football game despite crypto crash |url=https://www.ft.com/content/98229ed8-2867-40a5-a22d-b079fb563479 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> == Nassoshi == d789pfqsakzyzbwxg58t14xhzfe5dq1 0 178112 966084 962634 2026-10-11T07:30:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Orang National Park''' is a national park in [[Indiya|India]] located on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of [[Assam]]. It covers an area of {{Convert|79.28|km2|mi2}}. It was established as a sanctuary in 1985 and declared a national park on 13 April 1999. It is rich in flora and fauna, including great Indian rhinoceros, pygmy hog, Asian elephant, wild water buffalo and the Bengal tiger. == Tarihi == Gidan shakatawa yana da tarihin zama. Har zuwa 1900, kabilun yankin ne suka zauna a ciki. Saboda annobar annoba, yawan kabilun sun watsar da yankin. A cikin 1919 Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun ayyana shi a matsayin Orang Game Reserve vide notice No. 2276/R mai kwanan wata 31 ga Mayu 1915. Wurin ajiyar wasan ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon reshen namun daji na Ma'aikatar dazuzzuka ta Jiha don biyan bukatun Project Tiger. An kafa shi a matsayin wurin kare namun daji a 1985, sanarwa ta bidiyo No. FRS 133/85/5 mai kwanan wata 20 ga Satumba 1985. An sake sunan wurin shakatawa na Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary a cikin 1992; duk da haka, dole ne a juyar da wannan matakin saboda matsin lamba na jama'a game da sake sunan. A ƙarshe, an ayyana wurin tsarkakewa a matsayin wurin shakatawa na kasa a cikin 1999, sanarwa ta bidiyo No. FRW/28/90/154 mai kwanan wata 13 ga Afrilu 1999. <ref name="Indian">{{Cite web |date=2005-08-22 |title=Flap over renaming Orang |url=http://indianjungles.com/290805f.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312101327/http://www.indianjungles.com/290805f.htm |archive-date=2010-03-12 |access-date=2009-11-09 |publisher=Indian jungles.com}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Gidan shakatawa na Orang ya ƙunshi yanki na km2 mi2) kuma yana kan iyakar arewacin Kogin Brahmaputra a cikin gundumomin Darrang da So. Kogin Pachnoi, kogin Belsiri da Kogin Dhansiri suna iyakance wurin shakatawa kuma suna shiga Brahmaputra. A lokacin damina, wurin shakatawa ya zama filin ambaliyar gaske tare da rafi da yawa da ke rufe juna. Wadannan filayen ambaliyar ruwa sun zama wurare goma sha biyu a cikin wurin shakatawa, ban da ruwa na wucin gadi ashirin da shida. An kafa wurin shakatawa ne daga [[Filin Ambaliyar|Filayen ambaliyar ruwa]] na koguna da yawa kuma yana da wani ɓangare na Indo-Burma hotspot na [[bambancin halittu]]. An rarraba jimlar yankin wurin shakatawa ta hanyar nau'in ƙasa: * Eastern Himalayan moist deciduous forest {{Cvt|15.85|km2}} * Eastern seasonal [[Fadama|swamp]] [[Gandun Daji|forest]] {{Cvt|3.28|km2}} * Eastern wet alluvial grassland {{Cvt|8.33|km2}} * Savannah grassland {{Cvt|18.17|km2}} * Degraded grassland {{Cvt|10.36|km2}} * [[Jikin Ruwa|Bodies of water]] {{Cvt|6.13|km2}} * Moist sandy area- {{Cvt|2.66|km2}} * Dry sandy area {{Cvt|4.02|km2}} Yana da fili mai laushi wanda ke kula da arewa zuwa kudu tare da gangara mai laushi. Tsayin da ke cikin wurin shakatawa ya bambanta daga {{Cvt|45|m|ft}} zuwa {{Cvt|70|m|ft}} m (230 . Yana da iyaka a kudu da gabas da tsibirai da tashoshin kogin. Ana ganin ƙasar da ke da laushi a matsayin wurare biyu daban-daban; ƙananan ƙasa na asali ne na kwanan nan a bakin kogin Brahmaputra kuma ɗayan, na sama, ƙasa tana arewa, an raba ta da babban banki da ke gudana ta wurin shakatawa. Dukan wurin shakatawa an kewaye shi da ƙauyuka masu zama don haka yana fuskantar matsin lamba na ɗan adam. Yana da ramukan fox da mazauna ƙauyen suka gina a yammacinsa. === Yanayi === The climate in the park comprises three seasons, namely summer, monsoon and winter. The park is subject to [[Yankunan da ke cikin zafi|subtropical]] monsoon climate with [[Ruwan sama|rainfall]] occurring mostly during the period from May to September. The average annual rainfall is {{Cvt|3000|mm}}.<ref name="Orang">{{Cite web |title=Orang National Park |url=http://www.naturesafariindia.com/wildlife_parks_sanctuary/orang_national_park.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125133023/http://www.naturesafariindia.com/wildlife_parks_sanctuary/orang_national_park.html |archive-date=2010-01-25 |access-date=2009-11-09}}</ref> [[Temperature]] varies during the months of October to March from {{Convert|5|-|15|C|F}} in the mornings to {{Convert|20|-|25|C|F}} in the afternoons, in April from {{Convert|12|-|25|C|F}} in the morning to {{Convert|25|-|30|C|F}} in the afternoon; and in May to June from {{Convert|20|-|28|C|F}} in the morning to {{Convert|30|-|32|C|F}} in the afternoon.<ref name="Orang" /> Humidity in the park varies from 66% to 95%. == Dabbobi == === Dabbobi masu shayarwa === Gidan shakatawa na Orang ya ƙunshi manyan yawan kiwo na nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa da yawa. Baya ga babban rhinoceros mai ƙaho ɗaya na Indiya (68 a ƙididdigar ƙarshe), wanda shine mafi yawan nau'in wurin shakatawa na ƙasa, sauran mahimman nau'in da ke raba wurin zama sune tiger na sarauta na Bengal (''Panthera tigris''), Giwayen Asiya, pygmy hog, hog deer da naman alade.<ref name="northeast">{{Cite web |title=Orang National Park |url=http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/orang-national-park.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111230615/http://www.north-east-india.com/assam/orang-national-park.html |archive-date=11 November 2009 |access-date=2009-11-08}}</ref><ref name="Sancturay">{{Cite web |title=Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park |url=http://www.assamforest.co.in/NP_Sanctuaries/np_Orang.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206101750/http://www.assamforest.co.in/NP_Sanctuaries/np_Orang.php |archive-date=2010-12-06 |access-date=2009-11-09 |publisher=Department of Environment & Forests Government of Assam}}</ref> Wasu muhimman nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari da haɗari sune: Pigmy pig, wani karamin Alade na daji, yana cikin haɗari, C2a (ii) duba 3.1 kamar yadda jerin IUCN suka nuna, kuma an iyakance shi ga kimanin dabbobi 75 a cikin bauta, an tsare shi a wurare kaɗan a ciki da kewayen arewa maso yammacin Assam, gami da Orang National Park inda aka sake gabatar da shi. Sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka ruwaito sune makaho Gangetic dolphin, Pangolin na Indiya, naman alade (''Axis porcinus''), rhesus macaque, Bengal [[Beguwa|Porcupine]], Indian fox, ƙaramin civet na Indiya, otter, leopard cat (''Prionailurus bengalensis''), cat mai kamun kifi (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') da kuma cat na daji (''Felis chaus''). <ref name="northeast" /> <ref name="Sancturay" /> An kiyasta yawan Bengal tiger (''Panthera tigris tigris'') ya kunshi mutane 19 a cikin 2000, bisa ga alamun pug. === Kifi === Fiye da nau'ikan kifi 60 an rubuta su a cikin koguna da tashoshi da ke gudana ta wurin shakatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaziranga National Park |url=https://environmentandforest.assam.gov.in/information-services/detail/national-park |access-date=3 August 2026 |website=Environment, Forest and Climate Change Department, Government of Assam |publisher=Government of Assam}}</ref> === Dabbobi na tsuntsaye === Saboda nau'ikan tsuntsaye iri-iri, gami da nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari da nau'o'in da ba a saba gani ba, an jera wurin shakatawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Matsayi na BirdLife International da Yankunan Biodiversity" (IBAs); suna ɗaukar shi mafi mahimmancin wurin tsuntsaye mai laushi a cikin Indo-Gangetic Plain, kuma ɗaya daga cikin IBAs "masu ban mamaki" guda uku a Assam. Gida ce ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura iri-iri, tsuntsayen ruwa, masu cin nama, masu cinyewa da tsuntsayen wasan. Ana samun nau'o'i arba'in da bakwai daga iyalai tsuntsaye Anatidae, Accipitridae, Addenda, [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] da Ardeidae a cikin wurin shakatawa tare da matsakaicin yawan nau'o-in. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Ya zuwa yanzu, an rubuta nau'ikan tsuntsaye 222, wasu daga cikinsu sune: pelican mai ƙwanƙwasawa (''Pelicanus philippensis''), babban fararen pelican, baƙar fata mai ƙwanci (''Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus''), mafi girma adjutant stork (''Leptoptilos javanicus''), ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea'') (Ayline), gadwall, Brahminyucer, da kuma tsunts, adon (Aylylylylus), adon, adon, spider (Aylon), adon), adork, adoness, adon), <ref name="northeast" /> adon, da kuma adon (a (Aylus),<ref name="Sancturay" /><ref name="rhino">{{Cite web |title=Spatial modeling and preparation of decision support system for conservation of biological diversity in Orang National Park, Assam, India |url=http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/ref_files/1244031710.pdf |access-date=2009-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715182032/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/ref_files/1244031710.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Bombay">{{Cite web |title=Best of wildlife, Assam |url=http://www.indiatravelclub.com/Manas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103191039/http://www.indiatravelclub.com/Manas.html |archive-date=3 November 2009 |access-date=2009-11-09}}</ref>  An lissafa furanni na Bengal (''Houbaropsis bengalensis'') a matsayin mai haɗari a cikin IUCN Red List kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan jinsunan wurin shakatawa. An rubuta yawan mutane 30-40 a cikin wurin shakatawa ta Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) a cikin 1990; wannan shine karo na biyu mafi girma na jinsin, a duniya. Ya zuwa 2023 Orang yana da fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar tsuntsaye a duniya. === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gqkvicetzxees6sinncihkwvgxw560j 0 178174 966046 962965 2026-10-11T03:50:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gelengu-Fulani''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Balanga]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Ƙauyen yana cikin yankin Gelengu kuma yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''761104'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postcode 761104 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761104/ |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Wuri == Gelengu-Fulani yana cikin yankin Gelengu na Karamar Hukumar Balanga. Bayanai kan lambobin akwatin wasiƙa sun bayyana Gelengu-Fulani a matsayin wurin karkara na yankin Gelengu, Balanga, Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Balanga, Gombe Postcode List - Page 4 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/location/gombe/balanga/?page=4 |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> Bayanan taswira na Gelengu-Fulani sun sanya wurin a kusan latitude '''9.815827° N''' da longitude '''11.716469° E''', tare da tsayin ƙasa kusan mita '''661''' sama da matakin teku.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gelengu-Fulani, Gelengu, Balanga, Nigeria on the Elevation Map |url=https://elevationmap.net/gelengu-fulani-gelengu-balanga-ng-1001383061 |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Gelengu-Fulani yana ƙarƙashin Karamar Hukumar Balanga ta Jihar Gombe. Yankin Gelengu yana da wasu ƙauyuka da suka haɗa da Balamsane, Dai, Felfeli, Gelengu-Garu, Gonongu, Gukai, Gumsa, Jalingo, Kembi-Mainja, Kwakwari, Shijan, Takassa da Zongo.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> Gelengu kuma yanki ne na rajistar zaɓe na ''Gelengu / Balanga'' a Karamar Hukumar Balanga. Kundin [[Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya]] ([[INEC]]) ya nuna cewa yankin yana da rumfunan zaɓe da suka haɗa da Gelengu Primary School, Maternity, J.S.S. Gelengu da Kofar Kalau. Waɗannan wurare suna cikin yankin Gelengu, amma kundin bai tabbatar da cewa suna cikin ƙauyen Gelengu-Fulani kai tsaye ba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=4 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta Gelengu-Fulani ita ce '''761104'''. An jera ƙauyen a matsayin wurin karkara a yankin Gelengu na Karamar Hukumar Balanga, Jihar Gombe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gelengu Postal Codes: 761104 |url=https://postzipcode.com/nigeria/gombe/balanga/gelengu/ |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b3ajky1w4fnnn9ei1yhdfmj7pq8yqtg 0 178178 966122 962979 2026-10-11T11:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Gulnyimora|settlement_type=Ƙauye|subdivision_type=Ƙasa|subdivision_name=[[Najeriya]]|subdivision_type1=Jiha|subdivision_name1=[[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]]|subdivision_type2=Ƙaramar Hukuma|subdivision_name2=[[Balanga (Najeriya)|Balanga]]|subdivision_type3=Yanki|subdivision_name3=Jessu|postal_code_type=Lambar gidan waya (Postal code)|postal_code=761121|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1}} '''Gulnyimora''' ƙauye ne da ke yankin Jessu, a [[Balanga (Najeriya)|Karamar Hukumar Balanga]] ta [[Gombe (jiha)|Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Ƙauyen yana cikin yankin lambar gidan waya '''761121'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jessu Postal Codes: 761121 |url=https://postzipcode.com/nigeria/gombe/balanga/jessu/ |access-date=4 October 2026|Balanga, Gombe}}</ref> == Wuri da gudanarwa == Gulnyimora na cikin yankin Jessu na Karamar Hukumar Balanga. Jerin ƙauyukan Jihar Gombe ya sanya shi cikin ƙauyukan Jessu tare da Do'Ara, Gabekecham, Heme, Kwarawa da Sabon Layi.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=4 October 2026}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Bayanan rajistar rumfunan zaɓe da aka samo daga bayanan Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) sun ambaci '''Gulyimora''' a yankin Nyuwar/Jessu. An jera rumfunan zaɓe guda biyu masu wannan suna a '''K. Dan Pri. Sch. I''' da '''K. Dan Pri. Sch. II'''. Haka kuma, an jera rumfunan '''D/Gulyimora''' guda biyu a '''J.S.S. Jessu I''' da '''J.S.S. Jessu II'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=INEC Polling Unit Directory, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |access-date=4 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan bayanin ya nuna cewa sunan Gulyimora yana cikin bayanan rajistar rumfunan zaɓe na yankin, amma bai tabbatar da cewa makarantun da aka ambata suna cikin ƙauyen kai tsaye ba. == Lambar gidan waya (Postal code) == Gulnyimora na yankin Jessu yana da lambar gidan waya '''761121'''. Bayanai kan lambobin gidan waya sun jera ƙauyen tare da sauran ƙauyukan yankin Jessu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jessu Postal Codes: 761121 |url=https://postzipcode.com/nigeria/gombe/balanga/jessu/ |access-date=4 October 2026|Balanga, Gombe}}</ref> == Gulnyimora na Nyuwar == Akwai kuma wani ƙauye mai suna '''Gulnyimora''' a yankin Nyuwar na Karamar Hukumar Balanga. Wannan ƙauyen yana da lambar gidan waya '''761117''', sabanin Gulnyimora na Jessu wanda ke da lambar '''761121'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nyuwar Postal Code: 761117 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761117/ |access-date=4 October 2026|Balanga, Gombe}}</ref> Saboda akwai ƙauyuka biyu masu suna iri ɗaya a yankuna daban-daban na Balanga, ana amfani da '''Gulnyimora, Jessu''' wajen bambance wannan ƙauyen da Gulnyimora na Nyuwar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 19p1kzi2i0bkivs3oj9l8ovdmhau42r 0 178451 966056 964272 2026-10-11T05:20:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lowan Conservation Park '''(wanda a da ake kira Lowan National Park) yanki ne mai kariya wanda ke cikin jihar Kudancin Ostiraliya ta Ostiraliya a yankin Bowhill mai nisan 99 kilometres (62 mi) gabas da babban birnin jihar Adelaide da kuma kimanin 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) yammacin garin Perponda . <ref name=LMV/><ref name="NRE">{{cite AHD|7949|Lowan Conservation Park – listing on the now defunct Register of the National Estate |date=21 October 1980|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa ya ƙunshi ƙasar ƙasa a sassa na 71 da 73 a cikin sashin cadastral na Ɗari na Bowhill . Gwamnatin Kudancin Ostiraliya ce ta sayi Sashe na 71 bisa shawarar "Majalisar Hukumar Filaye da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa" daga mai shi "wanda ke da sha'awar ganin an ci gaba da sharewa a kan ginin". Ta sami matsayin yanki mai kariya a matsayin Lowan National Park a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1971 ta hanyar sanarwar da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin ''Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta 1966'' . A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1972, aka sake gina shi a matsayin Wurin Kiyaye na Lowan bayan da aka ayyana ''Dokar Wuraren Shakatawa da Namun Daji ta Kasa ta 1972'' . A ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973, an ƙara fili a sashe na 73 na Ɗari na Bowhill a wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa. <ref name="BSMM">{{Cite book|edition=J. S}}</ref> <ref name="NPWact">{{Cite journal |date=27 April 1972 |title=No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972) |url=http://www9.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/npawa56o1972293.html |journal=The South Australian Government Gazette |publisher=Government of South Australia |pages=660 & 702 |access-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153910/http://www9.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/num_act/npawa56o1972293/npawa56o1972293.html |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="SAGG-1973">{{Cite web |last=Bray |first=J.J. |date=2 August 1973 |title=NATIONAL PARKS AND WILDLIFE ACT, 1972- HUNDRED OF BOWHILL—LOWAN CONSERVATION PARK: ALTERATION OF BOUNDARIES |url=http://www7.austlii.edu.au/au/other/sa_gazette/1973/36/723.pdf |access-date=29 March 2018 |website=South Australian Government Gazette |publisher=South Australian Government |page=723}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, ta mamaye fadin {{Convert|6.75|km2}} . A shekarar 1980, an bayyana shi kamar haka: <blockquote>Wani yanki na ciyawar mallee da ke tallafawa yawan kiwo na tsuntsayen mallee da gaggafa masu wutsiya . Wani yanki mai laushi a cikin mallee, wanda aka yi wa ado da furannin mallee, manyan nau'ikan sune ''Eucalyptus socialis'', ''E. gracilis'' da ''E. Dumosa,'' tare da rufin ƙasan nau'in [[Bagaruwa|acacia]] . Zomo yana da yawa a wurin shakatawa kuma yawan kiwo yana hana sake farfaɗowar wasu nau'ikan. An gina ƙasar da ke kewaye da ita don noman alkama da tumaki.</blockquote>An rarraba wurin shakatawa na kiyayewa a matsayin [[IUCN yankuna masu kariya|yanki mai kariya na IUCN Category III]] . A shekarar 1980, an saka shi a cikin Rijistar Gidaje ta Ƙasa wadda yanzu ta daina aiki. == Duba kuma == * Yankunan da aka kare na Kudancin Ostiraliya *  This article incorporates text by Commonwealth of Australia available under the CC BY 3.0 AU licence. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.protectedplanet.net/lowan-conservation-park Shafin yanar gizo na Lowan Conservation Park akan gidan yanar gizon Protected Planet] * [https://birdssa.asn.au/location/lowan-conservation-park/ Shafin yanar gizo na Lowan Conservation Park a gidan yanar gizon BirdsSA] == Manazarta == me5b4a54if9f4dvuruyrehtqsxvue17 0 178494 965909 964424 2026-10-10T19:02:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965909 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Enzo Francesco Guerrero Segovia''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1991) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Chilean wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. == Ayyukan kulob din == An haife shi a Andacollo, Chile, Guerrero ya kasance tare da kungiyoyin Unión Placoro da Palestino na gida kafin ya shiga rukunin matasa na Coquimbo Unido a shekara ta 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2016 |title=Enzo Guerrero, desde las canchas de tierra al profesionalismo |url=https://www.andacolloconectado.cl/index.php/enzo-guerrero-desde-las-canchas-de-tierra-al-profesionalismo/ |access-date=16 March 2021 |website=AndacolloConectado.cl |language=es}}</ref> Daga 2021 zuwa 2023, Guerrero ya buga wa kungiyar Ñublense ta Chile ta Primera División.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=nublenseSADP|title=¡Ya es oficial!|access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, ya sauya zuwa Deportes La Serena a matakin na biyu. Bayan ya kasance wakilin kyauta a farkon rabin 2025, Guerrero ya sanya hannu tare da Lardin Ovalle a cikin Segunda División Profesional de Chile a ranar 21 ga Yuni na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=San Martín |first=Lucas |date=22 June 2025 |title=Su fichaje en Primera B estaba cerrado, lo esperaban en la presentación y fue anunciado el mismo día en otro equipo |url=https://chile.as.com/futbol/su-fichaje-en-primera-b-estaba-cerrado-lo-esperaban-en-la-presentacion-y-fue-anunciado-el-mismo-dia-en-otro-equipo-n/ |access-date=23 June 2025 |website=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris 2026, Guerrero ya sanar da ritayar sa bayan shekaru 18. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya wakilci Chile U20 a gasar zakarun Amurka ta Kudu ta 2011, inda ya buga wasanni shida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2010 |title=César Vaccia define nómina para el Sudamericano Sub 20 de Perú |url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/cesar-vaccia-define-nomina-para-el-sudamericano-sub-20-de-peru/ |access-date=16 March 2021 |publisher=[[La Tercera]] |language=es}}</ref> == Daraja == ; Coquimbo United * Na farko B: 2014-C{{Efn|no promotion to [[Chilean Primera División|Primera División]]}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2014 |title=COQUIMBO UNIDO SE CORONÓ CAMPEÓN DEL CLAUSURA TRAS VENCER A CURICÓ UNIDO |trans-title=COQUIMBO UNIDO BECAME CHAMPION OF TORNEO CLAUSURA AFTER DEFEATING CURICÓ UNIDO |url=http://www.anfp.cl/noticia/21010/coquimbo-unido-se-corono-campeon-del-clausura-tras-vencer-a-curico-unido |access-date=15 March 2020 |publisher=[[Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional|ANFP]] |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708085556/http://www.anfp.cl/noticia/21010/coquimbo-unido-se-corono-campeon-del-clausura-tras-vencer-a-curico-unido |archive-date=8 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ; Palasdinawa {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] dk923ddp343q3zijathrh73klsk6qfs 0 178637 965887 964976 2026-10-10T16:44:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 965887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elfego Baca''' (10 ga Fabrairu, 1865 - 27 ga Agusta, 1945) ɗan bindiga ne, jami'in tsaro, [[lauya]], kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] a [[New Mexico]], wanda ya zama gwarzon al'ummar Amurka a shekarun baya na kan iyakar New Mexico . <ref name="Shimabukuro 2016 pp. 77–106">{{Cite journal |last=Shimabukuro |first=Karra |year=2016 |title=Don't Just Print the Legend, Write It |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44790901 |journal=Western Folklore |publisher=Western States Folklore Society |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=77–106 |issn=0043-373X |jstor=44790901 |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="La Prensa Texas 2021">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2021 |title=Elfego Baca |url=https://laprensatexas.com/elfego-baca/ |access-date=August 13, 2021 |website=La Prensa Texas}}</ref> Manufarsa a rayuwa ita ce ya zama jami'in zaman lafiya, kuma "masu laifi su ji takunsa na ɗan lokaci". An san shi da hannu a harbin bindiga a Frisco (wanda yanzu ake kira Reserve ), [[New Mexico]] a shekarar 1884, da kuma wasu hotuna na rayuwarsa da aka wallafa a cikin fina-finan Yammacin Turai da aka fitar a tsakiyar karni na 20. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Baca a shekara ta 1865 a Socorro, New Mexico, ga Francisco da Juana Maria Baca. Iyalinsa sun ƙaura zuwa Topeka, Kansas, lokacin da yake ƙarami. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekarar 1880, Baca ya koma tare da mahaifinsa zuwa Belen, New Mexico, inda mahaifinsa ya zama jami'in soja . A shekara ta 1884, yana da shekaru 19, Baca ya sami wasu bindigogi kuma ya zama mataimakin sheriff (ko ta hanyar siyan lamba ko kuma ta hanyar naɗi ba a fayyace ba) a Gundumar Socorro, New Mexico . == bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Frisco == [[File:Reserve_NM_-_3.jpg|thumb| Mutum-mutumin Elfego Baca a Yankin Reserve, New Mexico]] A watan Oktoban 1884, a garin Middle San Francisco Plaza (wanda yanzu ake kira Reserve, New Mexico), Baca ya kama wani mayen kaboyi mai suna Charlie McCarty, yana nuna masa tambarinsa sannan ya ɗauki bindigarsa. Abokan kaboyi na McCarty sun yi ƙoƙarin hana Baca, amma ya yi faɗa, inda ya kashe dokin shugaban John Slaughter, wanda ya faɗo masa ya kashe shi, sannan ya harbi wani kaboyi a gwiwa. Daga baya, Alkalin Zaman Lafiya Ted White ya ba McCarty 'yancinsa kuma ya kira Bert Hearne, wani makiyayi daga Spur Lake Ranch, don ya dawo da Baca ga shari'a don yi masa tambayoyi game da abin da ya ɗauka a matsayin kisan kai. Bayan Baca ya ƙi fitowa daga gidan yarin adobe, Hearne ya karya ƙofar ya kuma umarci Baca ya fito da hannunsa sama. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, harbin bindiga ya fito daga gidan yarin ya kuma bugi Hearne a cikinsa, wanda ya raunata shi har lahira. An yi arangama da 'yan kaboyi. An yi ta cece-kuce kan adadin 'yan kaboyi da suka taru, inda mazauna kauyen da ke wurin suka bayar da rahoton cewa akwai kimanin mutum 40 a wurin, yayin da Baca da kansa daga baya ya yi ikirarin cewa akwai akalla mutum 80. An ce 'yan kaboyi sun harba harsasai sama da 4,000 cikin gidan, har sai da ginin adobe ya cika da ramuka. Duk da haka, babu wani harsashi da ya same Baca; an ce benen gidan ya ɗan yi ƙasa da matakin ƙasa, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar tsira daga rauni. [[File:Frisco_store.jpg|left|thumb| Shagon Frisco a tsakiyar Frisco Plaza, kimanin 1993]] Bayan kimanin sa'o'i 33 da harba harsasai kusan 4,000, yaƙin ya ƙare lokacin da Francisquito Naranjo ya shawo kan Baca ya miƙa wuya. A watan Mayun 1885, an tuhumi Baca da laifin kisan gillar da aka yi wa shugaban 'yan sanda na John Slaughter da kuma Bert Hearne, kuma an daure shi yana jiran shari'a. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1885, an wanke Baca daga laifin bayan an shigar da ƙofar gidan Armijo a matsayin shaida. Tana da ramukan harsashi sama da 400 a cikinta. A cewarsa, lauyan da ke kare Baca yana da takardun karya don tabbatar da matsayinsa na lauya a shari'a, kamar yadda tarihin rayuwar Baca ya nuna ya nada kansa a matsayin mataimakinsa jim kaɗan kafin a kama Charlie McCarty. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 1884 |title=Elfego Baca battles Anglo cowboys |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/elfego-baca-battles-anglo-cowboys |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607012922/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/elfego-baca-battles-anglo-cowboys |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |access-date=September 26, 2013 |publisher=www.history.com}}</ref> == Aikin tilasta bin doka == Baca ya zama sheriff na gundumar Socorro a hukumance kuma an tuhume shi da laifin kama masu karya doka a yankin. Maimakon ya umarci mataimakansa su bi sahun mutanen da ake nema, sai ya aika wa kowanne daga cikin wadanda ake zargi wasiƙa. An ce, "Ina da sammacin kama ka. Don Allah ka zo kafin Maris."&nbsp;15 kuma ka miƙa kanka. Idan ba ka yi ba, zan san kana da niyyar ƙin kamawa, kuma zan ji cewa ka cancanci a harbe ka idan na gan ka idan na zo bin ka." Yawancin masu laifin sun mika kansu da son rai. A shekara ta 1888, Baca ya zama shugaban rundunar sojojin Amurka . Ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan ya fara karatun lauya. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1894, Alkali AA Freeman ya shigar da shi cikin lauyoyi kuma ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a kamfanin lauyoyi na Freeman's Socorro a watan Fabrairun 1895. Ya yi aikin lauya a titin San Antonio da ke [[El Paso, Texas|El Paso]] tsakanin 1902 da 1904. == Rayuwar siyasa == Baca ta riƙe mukamai daban-daban na gwamnati, waɗanda suka haɗa da magatakardar gundumar, magajin gari, da kuma shugaban makaranta na Gundumar Socorro da kuma lauyan gundumar Socorro da Sierra. A cikin littafinsa The Shooters, masanin tarihi Leon Metz ya rubuta, "yawancin rahotanni sun ce shi ne mafi kyawun jami'in zaman lafiya Socorro da ya taɓa samu." Daga 1913 zuwa 1916, Baca ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Amurka na gwamnatin Victoriano Huerta a lokacin juyin juya halin Mexico . A watan Afrilun 1915, an tuhumi Baca da laifin shirya makircin aikata laifuka saboda zargin shirya tserewar Janar José Inés Salazar na Mexico daga gidan yarin Albuquerque a watan Nuwamban 1914. [1] An kare shi da nasara daga lauya kuma ɗan siyasa na New Mexico Octaviano Larrazolo, kuma sunansa ya ƙaru a tsakanin mazauna Kudu maso Yamma. Lokacin da New Mexico ta zama jiha a shekarar 1912, Baca ta tsaya takarar Majalisa a matsayin 'yar Republican. Duk da cewa bai yi nasara ba, ya ci gaba da zama mutum mai daraja a siyasa saboda iyawarsa ta fitar da ƙuri'u a tsakanin al'ummar Hispanic . A wani lokacin yana aiki a matsayin jami'in bincike na sirri, Baca ya kuma ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai satar bayanai a wani gidan caca a kan iyaka a Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Baca ya yi aiki kafada da kafada da Sanata Bronson Cutting na New Mexico na dogon lokaci a matsayin mai binciken siyasa kuma ya rubuta wani shafi na mako-mako a cikin harshen Sifaniyanci yana yabon ayyukan Cutting a madadin 'yan asalin Hispanics na gida. Baca ya yi la'akari da tsayawa takarar gwamna duk da raguwar lafiyarsa, amma ya kasa samun takarar jam'iyyar Democrat a matsayin lauyan gundumar a shekarar 1944. Metz, marubucin tarihin rayuwarsa, ya rubuta: "Elfego yana da, kuma yana da ce-ce-ku-ce. Ya sha giya da yawa; ya yi magana da yawa ... yana da rauni ga mata na daji. Sau da yawa yana da girman kai, kuma, ba shakka, bai nuna damuwa game da kashe mutane ba." A ranar haihuwarsa ta cika shekaru 75, Baca ya shaida wa ''Albuquerque Tribune'' cewa a matsayinsa na lauya ya kare mutane 30 da ake tuhuma da laifin kisan kai kuma daya ne kawai aka kai gidan yari. A watan Yulin 1936, shekaru da dama kafin mutuwarsa, Janet Smith ta yi hira da Baca. Ana iya samun bayananta a cikin [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburare na Majalisa]], Sashen Rubutun Manuscript, Tarin Ayyukan Marubuta na Tarayya na WPA. Baca ya gaya wa Smith, "Ban taɓa son kashe kowa ba, amma idan mutum yana da niyyar kashe ni, ni ne na fara kama shi." == Tatsuniyoyi == Wani labari ya ce Baca ya sace bindiga daga Pancho Villa kuma Villa mai fushi ya sanya farashin $ 30,000 a kan Baca. Wani labari da ake yawan fada ya ce sau ɗaya lokacin da yake aiki a Albuquerque, Baca ya karɓi saƙo daga abokin ciniki a El Paso, Texas. "Ina bukatar ku nan take", in ji shi. "An tuhume shi da kisan kai," wanda Baca ya kamata ya amsa da sakon telegram yana cewa, "Sauwa nan da nan tare da shaidu uku". == Zane a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu farin jini == A ƙarshen shekarun 1950, [[Walt Disney]] ya mayar da Baca a matsayin gwarzon al'adun Hispanic na farko a Amurka, yana wakiltarsa a cikin littattafan barkwanci guda shida, wani fim mai ban sha'awa, da kuma tallace-tallace masu alaƙa. Disney ya guji tashin hankalin ƙabilanci da gangan ta hanyar gabatar da Baca a matsayin gwarzon Yamma na gama gari, yana nuna "sabon Davy Crockett ɗan ƙasar Mexico". Sun ɗauki mafi yawan shirye-shiryen a New Mexico, musamman Cerrillos, Gundumar Socorro, da kuma yankin ƙididdiga na Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Do You Remember... "The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca" |url=http://www.westernclippings.com/remember/elfegobaca_doyouremember.shtml}}</ref> <ref name="Szasz 2006 pp. 261–274">{{Cite journal |last=Szasz |first=Ferenc Morton |year=2006 |title=A New Mexican |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40170324 |journal=Journal of the Southwest |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=261–274 |issn=0894-8410 |jstor=40170324 |access-date=July 17, 2022}}</ref> <ref name="B 2012">{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2012 |title=LibGuides: ABQPedia: B |url=https://abqlibrary.org/abqpedia/b |access-date=July 17, 2022 |website=B}}</ref> <ref name="New Mexico True 1970">{{Cite web |date=January 1, 1970 |title=Cerrillos New Mexico Ghost Town - Haunted Places: Old Abandoned Mining Towns |url=https://www.newmexico.org/places-to-visit/ghost-towns/cerrillos/ |access-date=July 17, 2022 |website=New Mexico True}}</ref> Tun daga watan Oktoban 1958, [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Studios]] ta fitar da wani shirin talabijin mai sassa 10 mai taken ''The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca'', wanda Robert Loggia ya fito a matsayin jarumi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magers |first=Boyd |title=The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca |url=http://www.westernclippings.com/remember/elfegobaca_doyouremember.shtml |access-date=May 9, 2018 |website=Western Clippings}}</ref> <ref name="Legends"> {{Cite journal |date=June 2013 |title=Elfago Baca |journal=Legends: Outlaws & Lawmen |location=Boulder, Colorado USA |publisher=Active Interest Medua, Inc.}} Special edition of ''American Cowboy'' magazine, p. 28: "Walt Disney, the only producer of 1950s TV Westerns to focus on minority issues, powerfully told the full story of Baca's career in a ten-episode mini-series for ABC between 1958 and 1960, starring Robert Loggia. The title ''The Nine Lives of Elfago Baca'', played off the hero's nickname ''El Gato,'' the cat."</ref> An nuna shirin a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin waƙoƙin ''Walt Disney Presents'' a takaitattun lokaci daga 3 ga Oktoba, 1958, zuwa 25 ga Maris, 1960. Disney ta yi taka tsantsan wajen nuna wannan katangar da aka yi a matsayin gaskiya kamar yadda zai yiwu, idan aka yi la'akari da cikakkun bayanai da aka sani. <ref name="Legends" /> Daga cikin waɗanda suka fito a cikin shirin akwai Skip Homeier, Raymond Bailey, da kuma I. Stanford Jolley . Daga baya an gyara shirye-shiryen shirin zuwa wani fim na shekarar 1962 mai suna ''Elfego Baca: Six Gun Law'' . Lakabin waƙar shine, "Kuma tatsuniya ita ce / Kamar ''el gato'', "macen" / Rayuwa tara ta sami Elfego Baca." A shekarar 1966, an fitar da tarin shirye-shiryen a matsayin fim, ''Elfego Baca: Dokar Gun Six'' . Christian Nyby ne ya ba da umarni kuma fim ɗin Robert Loggia Elfego Baca ya fito a ciki. An fara nuna fim ɗin a gidajen sinima a [[Yammacin Jamus]] a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 1966, kuma daga baya aka watsa shi a talabijin na Amurka da taken ''Elfego Baca: Lauya a Lauya'' . Sauran shahararrun zane-zanen al'adu sun haɗa da fim ɗin Lone Ranger na Dynamite Entertainment da kuma littafin barkwanci na Green Hornet, inda ya fito tare da wasu jaruman ƙasashen yamma ciki har da Lone Ranger, Bat Masterson, Buffalo Bill, Wyatt Earp, Annie Oakley, Texas John Slaughter, da [[Black Bart (mai laifi)|Black Bart]] . <ref name="Dynamite">{{Cite web |title=Dynamite® The Lone Ranger / Green Hornet #1 (Of 6) |url=https://www.dynamite.com/htmlfiles/viewProduct.html?PRO=C72513024917301011 |access-date=August 13, 2021 |website=Dynamite}}</ref> Sabon marubucin ɗan ƙasar Mexico Rudolfo Anaya (1937-2020) ya rubuta littattafai guda huɗu masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka nuna jikan Elfego [[Sonny Baca]] na Albuquerque, New Mexico, wanda ke ɗauke da bindigar Elfego da ake zaton tana da ƙarfi; labaran zamani sun haɗa da sihiri da sihiri. == Duba kuma == * Iyalan Baca na New Mexico == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Elfego Baca at Find a Grave * {{IMDb title|id=0561046|title=The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca}} * [http://www.ultimatedisney.com/legendaryheroes-elfego.html UltimateDisney.com's Show/DVD Review of ''Elfego Baca''] * [https://www.congress.gov/crec/1995/05/10/CREC-1995-05-10-pt1-PgE987-4.pdf Tribute to Elfego Baca in the U.S. House of Representatives, May 10, 1995] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090608174309/http://williamkeleher.com/elfego-baca/ Elfego Baca] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060502065127/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/wpa/20040209.html Interview with Elfego (Library of Congress)] * [http://epcc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=309255&sid=2604128 Borderlands] * [http://www.genordell.com/stores/western/ElfegoBaca.htm Elfego Baca at 'Readers of The Purple Sage'] * [http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/nm/frisco.html Frisco, New Mexico], GhostTowns.com entry by Samuel W. McWhorter * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160807083855/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-elfegobaca.html Elfego Baca & The "Frisco War"] * [http://www.rjalvaradobooks.com/ Elfego Baca Destined to Survive] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160406214746/http://www.elfegobacaproject.com/ Elfego Baca Project] Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == 6ci46xhb2d26fmcztxw12vsn656ogvw 4 178665 966103 965198 2026-10-11T08:40:29Z Hausa Wikimedians User Group 13974 966103 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px auto; width:100%; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #003b71, #0879c9, #00a878); border-radius:10px; color:white; padding:20px;" | style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; padding-left:10px;" | <div style="font-size:32px; font-weight:bold; font-family:sans-serif; line-height:1.2;">Bada Gudummuwa a Wikipedia a Zamanin Fasahar AI</div> <div style="font-size:18px; font-style:italic; margin-top:10px;">Shirin Hausa Wikimedians User Group</div> | style="width:180px; height:180px; background:#F8F9FA; border-radius:50%; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; padding:10px;" | [[File:Hausa_Wikimedians_User_Group_Logo.svg|170px|center|link=]] |} == Manufar Wannan Taron == [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group AI workshop flyer.jpg|280px|right|link=]] A halin yanzu, fasahar AI ta zuma ruwan dare kuma tana iya taimakawa wajen bincike, fassara da tsara rubutu na yau da kullum. Amma duk da haka, fasahar AI ba ta maye gurbin cikakken bincike da iya tsara rubutu na ɗan Adam ba, musamman ta hanyar tantance sahihan bayanai na gaskiya, ko wajen tabbatar da ingancin bayanan da nauyin mabambantan ra'ayoyi a rubutun zube. Wannan taro zai mayar da hankali ne wajen ƙara fahimtar da masu bada gudummuwa a Wikipedia yadda za a yin amfani da AI ta hanyar da ta dace wajen fassara, gina rubutu, da kuma nemo manazarta ko reference domin ingnta, lo kuma gina muƙaloli a Wikipedia ta harshen Hausa. Hakazalika taron zai nusar da mahalarta hanyoyin amfani da fasahar da basu dace ba, musamman ƙirƙirar bayanai da basu da asali ko kuma juya zance ta wata fuskar da kuma gazawar fasahar a wasu Harsuna musamman masu ƙaranci adabi a yanar gizo kamar Hausa. * Ranar gudanarwa: 11 ga Oktoba 2026 * Lokacin farawa: 2:00 Na rana (WAT) * Wuri: Ɗakin taro na Lumilab Hub == Abubuwan Mayar da Hankali/Tattaunawa == [[File:Dall-e 3 (jan '24) artificial intelligence icon.png|280px|right|link=]] A yayin wannan taron, za mu mayar da hankali ne akan tattaunawar yadde rubutun AI yake da kuma amfani da fasahar AI ita kanta wajen samar da sabbin muƙalolin Wikipedia masu inganci ko kuma inganta wanda ke buƙatar inganta. Sabbin masu bada gudummuwa zasu samu horo na musamman domin koyon bada gudummuwa daga matakin farko tare kuma da neman ƙwarewa. Akwai tattaunawa ta mussamman da Ƙwararrun masu bada gudummuwa a kan editing da kuma babban shirin Gidauniyar Wikimedia Hausa na inganta bada gudummuwa a projects na Wikimedia a Arewacin Nigeria. == Yadda Za a yi Rajista == Taron na kowa da kowa ne (na tsofaffin masu bada gudummuwa da sababbin zuwa). # Domin mu san yawan mutanen da suka ba da gudummawa, akwai buƙatar yin rajista a shafin Dashboard na wannan taro ta nan: [[Special:RegisterForEvent/4928|Bada Gudummuwa a Wikipedia a Zamanin Fasahar AI]] # Idan kai sabon mai bada gudummuwa ne, za a yi takaitaccen horo a farkon zaman don nuna muku yadda ake gyara Wikipedia cikin sauƙi. <div id="regbtn" style="margin:auto; text-align:center; margin:24px 0; font-size: 1.5em;" class = "plainlinks" > [[Special:RegisterForEvent/4928|<span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">Domin shiga shirin, ku yi rajista a nan</span>]]</div> <div style="margin-top: 50px; border-top: 2px solid #eaecf0; padding: 5px 0; text-align: center;"> <p style="color: #72777d; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px;">GIDAUNIYAR WIKIMEDIA HAUSA</p> </div> <div style = "border-bottom: 2px solid #eaecf0; border-radius: .2em; padding: .5em .8em; font-size: 1em;margin-bottom: 5px; "><center> [[File:Font Awesome 5 brands facebook-square.svg|20px|link=https://fb.com/wikimediaha]] Wikimedia Hausa | [[File:X icon 2.svg|20px|link=https://twitter.com/wikimediaha]] Wikimedia Hausa | [[File:Globe font awesome.svg|20px|link=https://wikimediahausa.org|]]&nbsp;[https://wikimediahausa.org https://wikimediahausa.org]</center> </div> <center>[[File:Font Awesome 5 solid envelope.svg|18px]] '''Ƙarin bayani:''' [mailto:contact@wikimediahausa.org contact@wikimediahausa.org]</center> pcn74a9laxmkt53j8ixsyjzzgcbijy1 0 178780 965763 2026-10-10T12:23:10Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Sadam Bello Sale | birth_date = | nationality = [[Najeriya|Dan Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Dan siyasa]] | office = Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Funakaye North]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Sadam Bello Sale''' ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Funakaye North a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Yana cikin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), kuma ya riƙe muƙamin ma... 965763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sadam Bello Sale | birth_date = | nationality = [[Najeriya|Dan Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Dan siyasa]] | office = Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Funakaye North]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Sadam Bello Sale''' ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Funakaye North a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Yana cikin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), kuma ya riƙe muƙamin mataimakin shugaban majalisar dokokin jihar.<ref name="Assembly">{{cite web |title=Gombe State House of Assembly |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gombe_State_House_of_Assembly |website=Wikipedia |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == Bayanan hukumar zaɓe ta Najeriya, wato [[Independent National Electoral Commission]] (INEC), sun nuna cewa Sadam Bello Sale yana da shekaru 28 a shekarar 2019. A lokacin, takardun zaɓen sun nuna cewa ya mallaki shaidar kammala makarantar firamare, shaidar kammala makarantar sakandare da digirin jami'a.<ref name="INEC2019">{{cite web |title=2019 General Elections: Final List of State House of Assembly Candidates |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FINAL-LIST-OF-STATE-HOUSE-OF-ASSEMBLY-CANDIDATES.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Jami'ar Daffodil International University ta Bangladesh ta wallafa bayanin nasarar tsohon ɗalibinta Sadam Bello Sale, inda ta bayyana shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Rahoton jami'ar ya kuma nuna cewa ya yi karatu a sashen Computer Science and Engineering.<ref name="Daffodil">{{cite web |title=Alumni Success Story |url=https://alumni.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd/articles/alumni-success-story-27 |website=Daffodil International University |date=9 March 2025 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2019 === A shekarar 2019, Sadam Bello Sale ya tsaya takara a mazabar Funakaye North a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC domin shiga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. INEC ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin 'yan takarar zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar, tare da bayyana shekarunsa da cancantar karatunsa.<ref name="INEC2019"/> === Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe === Sadam Bello Sale ya zama wakilin mazabar Funakaye North a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Daga baya ya riƙe muƙamin mataimakin shugaban majalisar, wanda yake taimakawa wajen jagorantar ayyukan majalisar da gudanar da harkokin zaman ta.<ref name="Assembly"/><ref name="Daffodil"/> === Zaɓen fidda gwani na APC na 2026 === A watan Mayu na shekarar 2026, Sadam Bello Sale ya lashe zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar APC domin takarar kujerar Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya da ke wakiltar Gombe/Kwami/Funakaye. Rahoton ''Trust Radio'' ya bayyana cewa ya samu nasarar fidda gwani bayan gudanar da zaɓen cikin jam'iyyar.<ref name="TrustRadio">{{cite news |title=Reps: Sadam Bello Sale Clinches APC Ticket in Gombe/Kwami/Funakaye |url=https://trustradio.com.ng/en/reps-sadam-bello-sale-clinches-apc-ticket-in-gombe-kwami-funakaye |work=Trust Radio |date=17 May 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Nasarar fidda gwanin ta nuna cewa jam'iyyar APC ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan takararta na wannan mazaba. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa ya riga ya lashe zaɓen Majalisar Wakilai na gaba ba. == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya]] * [[Funakaye]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] 6vl9m0867oed346qhq4qg16g7uoeo63 0 178781 965764 2026-10-10T12:24:36Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ladan Yerima Gaule | other_names = Yerima Ladan Gaule | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Kaltungo East]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Ladan Yerima Gaule''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Yerima Ladan Gaule''', ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga [[Jihar Gombe]]. Yana wakiltar mazabar Kaltungo East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]], inda ya lashe zaɓen shekarar 2023... 965764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ladan Yerima Gaule | other_names = Yerima Ladan Gaule | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Kaltungo East]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Ladan Yerima Gaule''', wanda kuma ake kira '''Yerima Ladan Gaule''', ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga [[Jihar Gombe]]. Yana wakiltar mazabar Kaltungo East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]], inda ya lashe zaɓen shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC2023">{{cite report |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Ladan Yerima Gaule ya tsaya takara a mazabar Kaltungo East domin zama ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Ya tsaya takarar ne a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC, kuma INEC ta tabbatar da cewa ya lashe zaɓen.<ref name="INEC2023"/> A lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, gwamnan Jihar Gombe, [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]], ya gabatar da shi a matsayin ɗan takarar APC na Kaltungo East. Gaule ya bayyana cewa ya amince da alhakin da jam'iyyar ta ɗora masa na neman nasara a mazabar.<ref name="VON">{{cite news |title=2023: Gombe State Governor takes campaign to LGAs |url=https://von.gov.ng/2023-gombe-state-governor-takes-campaign-to-lgas/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Jagoranci a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe === Bayan zaɓensa, Gaule ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Daga baya ya riƙe muƙamin shugaban masu rinjaye na majalisar, wanda ke taka rawa wajen tsara harkokin jam'iyyar da ke da rinjaye a majalisar.<ref name="Periscope">{{cite news |title=Gombe house leader hails stakeholders, Gov. Yahaya despite losing consensus nomination |url=https://periscopenga.com/2026/05/gombe-house-leader-hails-stakeholders-gov-yahaya-despite-losing-consensus-nomination/ |work=Periscope Nigeria |date=9 May 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekarar 2026, rahoto ya bayyana cewa Gaule ya goyi bayan tsarin yarjejeniya da shugabannin APC suka yi wajen zaɓen 'yan takarar jam'iyyar na babban zaɓen 2027, duk da cewa tsarin ya sa ba shi ne ɗan takarar da aka zaɓa a mazabarsa ba. Ya bayyana cewa zai ci gaba da tallafa wa jam'iyyar.<ref name="Periscope"/> == Jam'iyya == Ladan Yerima Gaule ɗan jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] ne. Ya tsaya takarar kujerar Kaltungo East a ƙarƙashin APC a zaɓen 2023, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jagorancin jam'iyyar a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="INEC2023"/><ref name="VON"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kaltungo]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya na 2023]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] l7f96o1i4opjvmdp0eagk3e0sd9l5fa 0 178782 965765 2026-10-10T12:26:53Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Yakubu Daniel | other_names = Shetiman Bare | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Billiri East | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[People's Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Yakubu Daniel''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Shetiman Bare''', ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Billiri East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya kasance ɗan... 965765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yakubu Daniel | other_names = Shetiman Bare | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Billiri East | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[People's Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Yakubu Daniel''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Shetiman Bare''', ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Billiri East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya kasance ɗan jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) kafin ya koma jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a watan Afrilu na shekarar 2026.<ref name="PremiumTimes">{{cite news |last=Umar |first=Auwal |title=PDP loses last seat in Gombe Assembly |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/869348-pdp-loses-last-seat-in-gombe-assembly.html |work=Premium Times |date=4 April 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe === Yakubu Daniel yana wakiltar mazabar Billiri East a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Ya shiga majalisar a matsayin ɗan jam'iyyar PDP kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan majalisar da ke adawa da jam'iyyar APC mai mulki a jihar.<ref name="Punch">{{cite news |last=Azubuike |first=Chima |title=Last PDP lawmaker defects in Gombe, Yahaya hails move as ‘vote of confidence’ |url=https://punchng.com/last-pdp-lawmaker-defects-in-gombe-yahaya-hails-move-as-vote-of-confidence/ |work=The Punch |date=4 April 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Komawa APC === A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2026, Yakubu Daniel ya fice daga PDP ya koma APC. Rahoton ''Premium Times'' ya bayyana cewa sauya shekar tasa ta kawo ƙarshen kasancewar 'yan majalisar PDP a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe a lokacin.<ref name="PremiumTimes"/> Gwamnan Jihar Gombe, [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]], ya tarbe shi lokacin da ya koma APC. Rahoton ''The Punch'' ya bayyana sauya shekar a matsayin wani ci gaba da ya ƙara ƙarfin APC a majalisar dokokin jihar.<ref name="Punch"/> Rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun nuna cewa bayan sauya shekar, APC ta samu wakilci a dukkan kujeru 24 na majalisar dokokin jihar, yayin da PDP ba ta da ɗan majalisa a majalisar a lokacin.<ref name="PremiumTimes"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Billiri]] * [[People's Democratic Party]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar People's Democratic Party]] 68ql60xf8f4xcmp45i7td0ny0g8iucw 0 178783 965766 2026-10-10T12:28:10Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Malon Nimrod Yari | other_names = Nimrod Malon Yari | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Shongom]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[People's Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Malon Nimrod Yari''', wanda kuma ake rubuta sunansa '''Nimrod Malon Yari''', ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga [[Jihar Gombe]]. Yana wakiltar mazabar [[Shongom]] a Majalisar... 965766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Malon Nimrod Yari | other_names = Nimrod Malon Yari | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Shongom]] | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[People's Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Malon Nimrod Yari''', wanda kuma ake rubuta sunansa '''Nimrod Malon Yari''', ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne daga [[Jihar Gombe]]. Yana wakiltar mazabar [[Shongom]] a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya kasance ɗan jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party]] (PDP) kafin ya koma jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) a watan Janairun 2026.<ref name="PremiumTimes">{{cite news |title=Two PDP lawmakers defect to APC in Gombe, lauding Governor Inuwa Yahaya |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/848137-two-pdp-lawmakers-defect-to-apc-in-gombe-lauding-governor-inuwa-yahaya.html |work=Premium Times |date=7 January 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == Bayanan hukumar zaɓe ta Najeriya sun nuna cewa Malon Nimrod Yari yana da digirin jami'a (BSc), tare da shaidar kammala makarantar firamare da takardar GCE. An rubuta waɗannan bayanai a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan takarar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe na zaɓen 2023.<ref name="INEC">{{cite web |title=Final List of Candidates for National Elections — State House of Assembly |url=https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2022/10/Final-List-of-Candidates-for-National-Elections_SHA-14.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Ba a samu isassun majiyoyi masu inganci da suka tabbatar da ranar haihuwarsa, garin da aka haife shi ko sunayen makarantun da ya halarta ba. Saboda haka, ba a ƙara waɗannan bayanai a cikin labarin ba. == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Malon Nimrod Yari ya tsaya takara a mazabar Billiri West a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PDP domin zama ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Hukumar zaɓe ta Najeriya ta saka sunansa cikin jerin 'yan takarar majalisar dokokin jihar.<ref name="INEC"/> === Komawa APC === A ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2026, Malon Nimrod Yari ya fice daga jam'iyyar PDP ya koma APC tare da Gabriel Galadima Fushison, wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Kaltungo West. An tarbe su a Gidan Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da ke [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] a gaban Gwamna [[Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya]] da shugabannin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe.<ref name="PremiumTimes"/> Jaridar ''The Punch'' ta ruwaito cewa 'yan majalisar sun bayyana cewa sun yanke shawarar komawa APC ne saboda salon shugabanci na Gwamna Inuwa Yahaya da kuma yadda suka ce mazabunsu suka amfana da ayyukan gwamnati duk da kasancewarsu 'yan adawa a baya.<ref name="Punch">{{cite news |title=Two Gombe PDP lawmakers defect to APC |url=https://punchng.com/two-gombe-pdp-lawmakers-defect-to-apc/ |work=The Punch |date=7 January 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayan sauya shekar, rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana cewa APC ta mallaki kujeru 23 cikin 24 na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe, yayin da PDP ta rage da kujera guda ɗaya a lokacin.<ref name="PremiumTimes"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Shongom]] * [[People's Democratic Party]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya na 2023]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar People's Democratic Party]] 0w3tb64aqv0lxtosqs88xbml2rejwpn 0 178784 965767 2026-10-10T12:31:20Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Buba Musa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Balanga North | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Buba Musa''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Balanga North a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="... 965767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Buba Musa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Balanga North | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Buba Musa''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Balanga North a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="NGElections">{{cite web |title=Buba Musa — Nigeria Elections |url=https://ngelections.com/person/buba-musa/ |website=NGElections |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Members">{{cite web |title=Complete List of Gombe State House of Assembly Members |url=https://nigerianleaders.com/gombe-state-house-of-assembly-members/ |website=Nigerian Leaders |date=17 May 2024 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Buba Musa ya tsaya takara a mazabar Balanga North domin zama ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Ya tsaya takarar ne a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC, kuma bayanan zaɓe sun nuna cewa ya lashe kujerar.<ref name="NGElections"/> Bayan zaɓen, an saka sunansa cikin jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe ta bakwai, inda aka bayyana mazabarsa a matsayin Balanga North da jam'iyyarsa a matsayin APC.<ref name="Members"/> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === Buba Musa yana cikin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe da ke wakiltar al'ummar mazabar Balanga North. A matsayinsa na ɗan majalisa, aikinsa ya haɗa da wakiltar mazabarsa da shiga harkokin dokoki da sa ido kan ayyukan gwamnati a matakin jiha.<ref name="Members"/> A watan Yunin 2020, jaridar ''The Punch'' ta ruwaito cewa Musa Buba, wanda yake wakiltar Balanga North kuma shi ne babban bulala na majalisar a lokacin, ya bayyana cewa ya kamu da cutar [[COVID-19]]. Ya yi amfani da damar wajen kira ga jama'a da su bi matakan kariya daga cutar.<ref name="Punch">{{cite news |last=Azubuike |first=Chima |title=Lawmakers in fear as five Gombe Assembly men test positive |url=https://punchng.com/lawmakers-in-fear-as-five-gombe-assembly-men-test-positive/ |work=The Punch |date=9 June 2020 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Balanga]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya na 2023]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] azvb9b5rmknvr2ena50hkh6eqli49rt 0 178785 965769 2026-10-10T12:40:54Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Maigemi Lamido Isaac | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Balanga South | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Maigemi Lamido Isaac''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Balanga South a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar All Progressives Congre... 965769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Maigemi Lamido Isaac | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Ɗan siyasa | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Balanga South | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Maigemi Lamido Isaac''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Balanga South a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC2023">{{cite report |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Maigemi Lamido Isaac ya tsaya takara a mazabar Balanga South a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC domin shiga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. Rahoton hukuma na [[Independent National Electoral Commission|INEC]] ya lissafa shi a matsayin ɗan takarar da ya lashe kujerar mazabar.<ref name="INEC2023"/> Bayanan zaɓen na shekarar 2023 sun kuma tabbatar da cewa ya samu nasarar zaɓe a ƙarƙashin APC, yayin da bayanan mambobin majalisar suka danganta shi da mazabar Balanga South.<ref name="NGElections">{{cite web |title=Maigemi Lamido Isaac |url=https://ngelections.com/person/maigemi-lamido-isaac/ |website=Nigeria Elections |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="NigerianLeaders">{{cite web |title=Complete List of Gombe State House of Assembly Members |url=https://nigerianleaders.com/gombe-state-house-of-assembly-members/ |website=Nigerian Leaders |date=17 May 2024 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === A matsayinsa na ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe, Maigemi Lamido Isaac yana wakiltar al'ummar mazabar Balanga South. Ayyukan ɗan majalisa sun haɗa da wakiltar al'ummar mazaba, shiga harkokin dokoki da sa ido kan ayyukan gwamnati a matakin jiha. An lissafa sunansa cikin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe ta bakwai tare da bayyana jam'iyyarsa a matsayin APC da mazabarsa a matsayin Balanga South.<ref name="NigerianLeaders"/> == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == A cikin takardun INEC na zaɓen 2023, an rubuta cewa Maigemi Lamido Isaac yana da takardun karatu da suka haɗa da shaidar kammala makarantar firamare, SSCE da takardar karatu daga College of Legal Studies, Yola.<ref name="Candidates">{{cite web |title=List of Candidates for Nigeria 2023 Governorship and State House of Assembly Elections |url=https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2023/03/List-of-Candidates-for-Nigeria-2023-Governorship-States-of-Assembly-Elections_compressed.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Ba a samu isassun majiyoyi masu inganci da suka tabbatar da ranar haihuwarsa, wurin haihuwa ko cikakken tarihin aikinsa ba. Saboda haka, ba a ƙara waɗannan bayanai a cikin labarin ba. == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Balanga]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya na 2023]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] hmodpnhiuzwws5gpyb2sctt3bmb9wt9 0 178786 965770 2026-10-10T12:42:39Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Manaja Musa Zambuk | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Yamaltu West]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Manaja Musa Zambuk''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Yamaltu West a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar All Progressives Cong... 965770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Manaja Musa Zambuk | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Yamaltu West]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Manaja Musa Zambuk''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Yamaltu West a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC">{{cite web |title=2023 General Election: Final List of Candidates for State Elections |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-FINAL-LIST-OF-CANDIDATES-FOR-STATE-ELECTIONS-GOVERNORSHIP-HOUSES-OF-ASSEMBLY.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Rayuwarsa da karatunsa == A cikin takardun INEC na zaɓen 2023, an bayyana cewa Manaja Musa Zambuk yana da shaidar kammala makarantar firamare, shaidar kammala makarantar sakandare, Higher National Diploma (HND), Postgraduate Diploma in Management (PGDM), da digiri na Master of Business Administration (MBA).<ref name="INEC"/> Ba a samu isassun majiyoyi masu inganci da suka tabbatar da ranar haihuwarsa, wurin haihuwa ko cikakken tarihin karatunsa ba. Saboda haka, ba a ƙara waɗannan bayanai a cikin labarin ba. == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Manaja Musa Zambuk ya tsaya takara a mazabar Yamaltu West a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar APC domin shiga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. INEC ta saka sunansa cikin jerin 'yan takarar majalisar dokokin jihar, kuma bayanan sakamakon zaɓen sun nuna cewa ya lashe kujerar.<ref name="INEC"/><ref name="NigeriaElections">{{cite web |title=Gombe — 2023 State Houses of Assembly Elections |url=https://ngelections.com/election/2023/state-assembly/gombe/ |website=Nigeria Elections |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === Manaja Musa Zambuk yana wakiltar al'ummar mazabar Yamaltu West a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe. A matsayinsa na ɗan majalisa, aikinsa ya haɗa da wakiltar al'ummar mazabarsa, shiga harkokin dokoki da sa ido kan ayyukan gwamnati a matakin jiha.<ref name="OurNigeria">{{cite web |title=Manaja Musa Zambuk — State House of Assembly Member, Yamaltu West |url=https://ournigeria.ng/officials/manaja-musa-zambuk-2 |website=OurNigeria |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A cikin jerin kwamitocin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023, an sanya Musa Manaja Zambuk a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin kasafi (Appropriation Committee).<ref name="Dateline">{{cite news |title=Gombe assembly constitutes special, standing committees |url=https://dateline.ng/gombe-assembly-constitutes-special-standing-committees/ |work=Dateline Nigeria |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Yamaltu-Deba]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] * [[Zaɓen Najeriya na 2023]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] f83tvxavtabcltnnusj9apb3wdjgi7k 0 178787 965771 2026-10-10T12:44:45Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Haruna Shuaibu Adamu | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Kwami East | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Haruna Shuaibu Adamu''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Kwami East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar All Progressives Congre... 965771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Haruna Shuaibu Adamu | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Kwami East | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Haruna Shuaibu Adamu''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Kwami East a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC2023">{{cite web |title=2023 General Election: Final List of Candidates for State Elections |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-FINAL-LIST-OF-CANDIDATES-FOR-STATE-ELECTIONS-GOVERNORSHIP-HOUSES-OF-ASSEMBLY.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="INECReport">{{cite report |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Haruna Shuaibu Adamu ya tsaya takara a mazabar Kwami East ta Jihar Gombe a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar APC. Rahoton INEC na zaɓen ya tabbatar da cewa an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar dokokin jihar mai wakiltar wannan mazaba.<ref name="INECReport"/> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === A matsayinsa na ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe mai wakiltar Kwami East, yana cikin majalisar da ke gudanar da ayyukan dokoki da wakiltar al'ummar mazabun jihar.<ref name="INECReport"/> A watan Fabrairun 2026, jaridar ''Leadership'' ta ambace shi da sunan Shuaibu Adamu Haruna a matsayin ɗan majalisar da ke wakiltar Kwami East, a wani rahoto kan wayar da kan al'ummar yankin game da rajistar mambobin APC ta hanyar intanet. Jaridar ta ruwaito yana kira ga mazauna yankin da su kasance cikin haɗin kai kuma su shiga harkokin jam’iyyar.<ref name="Leadership2026">{{cite news |title=APC E-Registration: Gombe Commissioner Urges Grassroots Mobilisation |url=https://leadership.ng/apc-e-registration-gombe-commissioner-urges-grassroots-mobilisation/ |work=Leadership |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kwami]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] 4t2ehl7b5b58fmn8qrfkbnv8fmb2dja 0 178788 965772 2026-10-10T12:46:13Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Golkos Gaius Gaji | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Pero/Chonge | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Golkos Gaius Gaji''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Pero/Chonge a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]]... 965772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Golkos Gaius Gaji | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = Pero/Chonge | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] }} '''Golkos Gaius Gaji''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Pero/Chonge a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC).<ref name="INEC">{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |publisher=INEC |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Golkos Gaius Gaji ya tsaya takara a mazabar Pero/Chonge ta Jihar Gombe a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar APC. Rahoton INEC ya lissafa shi a matsayin wanda aka zaɓa domin wakiltar mazabar a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe.<ref name="INEC"/> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === A watan Yulin 2023, majalisar ta kafa kwamitoci na musamman da na dindindin. A cewar jaridar Dateline Nigeria, an naɗa Golkos Gaius Gaji a matsayin shugaban kwamitin shari’a (Judiciary Committee), sannan mataimakin shugaban kwamitin dokoki da harkokin majalisa (Rules and Business Committee).<ref name="Dateline">{{cite news |title=Gombe assembly constitutes special, standing committees |url=https://dateline.ng/gombe-assembly-constitutes-special-standing-committees/ |work=Dateline Nigeria |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Shongom]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] 3kez6zvykxi5u0hugck1vfprb376898 0 178789 965773 2026-10-10T12:48:12Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1281567313|Shay Fields]]" 965773 wikitext text/x-wiki   Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Shay Fields (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1996) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Colorado. A baya ya buga wa Washington Redskins da Denver Broncos na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL), San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF), Calgary Stampeders na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada (CFL), da Panasonic Impulse na X-League. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Fields ya kasance na biyu a tarihin Colorado a karbar yadudduka (2,552), na uku a cikin liyafa (190) kuma an ɗaure shi na uku a karbar touchdowns (21). == Ayyukan sana'a == === Washington Redskins === Fields ta sanya hannu ne daga Washington Redskins a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Czarda, Stephen |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Redskins Sign 13 College Free Agents |url=http://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050840/https://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, an dakatar da Fields don yanke jerin sunayen karshe kafin fara kakar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=9/1: Redskins Make Roster Moves |url=https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902052302/https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> === Denver Broncos === A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, 2018, an sanya hannu kan Fields zuwa tawagar horar da Denver Broncos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Jon |date=December 13, 2018 |title=Broncos sign WR to practice squad, work out a CFL QB |url=https://broncoswire.usatoday.com/2018/12/13/denver-broncos-news-shay-fields-signed-cfl-quarterback-workout/ |access-date=December 16, 2018 |website=USAToday.com}}</ref> === Jirgin ruwa na San Diego === A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2019, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF). Koyaya, an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar masu rauni kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solares |first=Diego |date=January 31, 2019 |title=Taking a Look at San Diego Fleet's Final 52-man Roster |url=https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202043124/https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |access-date=February 1, 2019 |publisher=East Village Times}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019. An kara shi a cikin jerin haƙƙin ƙungiyar kuma an sake sanya hannu kan kwangila a ranar 19 ga Maris. An kunna shi a cikin jerin sunayen a ranar 20 ga watan Maris. === Masu buga takardu na Calgary === After the AAF suspended operations, Fields signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on April 29, 2019.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2023}} === Ƙarfafawar Panasonic === A cikin 2021, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Panasonic Impulse a cikin X-League a Japan. === Vegas Knight Hawks === A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2022, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Vegas Knight Hawks a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Cikin Gida (IFL). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=1315 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] bxjc1p4lgzyyrtpn6xkt0l9bq3jhrcx 965774 965773 2026-10-10T12:52:57Z Aluja 30485 965774 wikitext text/x-wiki Shay Fields (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1996) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Colorado. A baya ya buga wa Washington Redskins da Denver Broncos na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL), San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF), Calgary Stampeders na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada (CFL), da Panasonic Impulse na X-League. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Fields ya kasance na biyu a tarihin Colorado a karbar yadudduka (2,552), na uku a cikin liyafa (190) kuma an ɗaure shi na uku a karbar touchdowns (21). == Ayyukan sana'a == === Washington Redskins === Fields ta sanya hannu ne daga Washington Redskins a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Czarda, Stephen |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Redskins Sign 13 College Free Agents |url=http://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050840/https://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, an dakatar da Fields don yanke jerin sunayen karshe kafin fara kakar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=9/1: Redskins Make Roster Moves |url=https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902052302/https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> === Denver Broncos === A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, 2018, an sanya hannu kan Fields zuwa tawagar horar da Denver Broncos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Jon |date=December 13, 2018 |title=Broncos sign WR to practice squad, work out a CFL QB |url=https://broncoswire.usatoday.com/2018/12/13/denver-broncos-news-shay-fields-signed-cfl-quarterback-workout/ |access-date=December 16, 2018 |website=USAToday.com}}</ref> === Jirgin ruwa na San Diego === A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2019, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF). Koyaya, an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar masu rauni kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solares |first=Diego |date=January 31, 2019 |title=Taking a Look at San Diego Fleet's Final 52-man Roster |url=https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202043124/https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |access-date=February 1, 2019 |publisher=East Village Times}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019. An kara shi a cikin jerin haƙƙin ƙungiyar kuma an sake sanya hannu kan kwangila a ranar 19 ga Maris. An kunna shi a cikin jerin sunayen a ranar 20 ga watan Maris. === Masu buga takardu na Calgary === After the AAF suspended operations, Fields signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on April 29, 2019. === Ƙarfafawar Panasonic === A cikin 2021, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Panasonic Impulse a cikin X-League a Japan. === Vegas Knight Hawks === A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2022, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Vegas Knight Hawks a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Cikin Gida (IFL). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=1315 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] h2sqfibiwtowcu5yq20x1szfj358j06 965776 965774 2026-10-10T12:53:44Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kwaleji */ 965776 wikitext text/x-wiki Shay Fields (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1996) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Colorado. A baya ya buga wa Washington Redskins da Denver Broncos na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL), San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF), Calgary Stampeders na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada (CFL), da Panasonic Impulse na X-League. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Fields ya kasance na biyu a tarihin Colorado a karbar yadudduka (2,552), na uku a cikin liyafa (190) kuma an ɗaure shi na uku a karbar touchdowns (21).<ref>[https://www.denverpost.com/2018/05/03/shay-fields-cu-buffs-washington-redskins/ CU Buffs’ Shay Fields looks to translate game-changing reputation to the next level via free agent contract with Redskins]</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == === Washington Redskins === Fields ta sanya hannu ne daga Washington Redskins a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Czarda, Stephen |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Redskins Sign 13 College Free Agents |url=http://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050840/https://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, an dakatar da Fields don yanke jerin sunayen karshe kafin fara kakar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=9/1: Redskins Make Roster Moves |url=https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902052302/https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> === Denver Broncos === A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, 2018, an sanya hannu kan Fields zuwa tawagar horar da Denver Broncos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Jon |date=December 13, 2018 |title=Broncos sign WR to practice squad, work out a CFL QB |url=https://broncoswire.usatoday.com/2018/12/13/denver-broncos-news-shay-fields-signed-cfl-quarterback-workout/ |access-date=December 16, 2018 |website=USAToday.com}}</ref> === Jirgin ruwa na San Diego === A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2019, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF). Koyaya, an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar masu rauni kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solares |first=Diego |date=January 31, 2019 |title=Taking a Look at San Diego Fleet's Final 52-man Roster |url=https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202043124/https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |access-date=February 1, 2019 |publisher=East Village Times}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019. An kara shi a cikin jerin haƙƙin ƙungiyar kuma an sake sanya hannu kan kwangila a ranar 19 ga Maris. An kunna shi a cikin jerin sunayen a ranar 20 ga watan Maris. === Masu buga takardu na Calgary === After the AAF suspended operations, Fields signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on April 29, 2019. === Ƙarfafawar Panasonic === A cikin 2021, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Panasonic Impulse a cikin X-League a Japan. === Vegas Knight Hawks === A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2022, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Vegas Knight Hawks a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Cikin Gida (IFL). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=1315 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 53zezy9yaqbiv50omaugmijjq6z8xlt 965777 965776 2026-10-10T12:54:12Z Aluja 30485 965777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shay Fields''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1996) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Colorado. A baya ya buga wa Washington Redskins da Denver Broncos na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL), San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF), Calgary Stampeders na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kanada (CFL), da Panasonic Impulse na X-League. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Fields ya kasance na biyu a tarihin Colorado a karbar yadudduka (2,552), na uku a cikin liyafa (190) kuma an ɗaure shi na uku a karbar touchdowns (21).<ref>[https://www.denverpost.com/2018/05/03/shay-fields-cu-buffs-washington-redskins/ CU Buffs’ Shay Fields looks to translate game-changing reputation to the next level via free agent contract with Redskins]</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == === Washington Redskins === Fields ta sanya hannu ne daga Washington Redskins a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Czarda, Stephen |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Redskins Sign 13 College Free Agents |url=http://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050840/https://www.redskins.com/news/article-1/Redskins-Sign-13-College-Free-Agents/9831e874-4e61-47da-a955-4f4923caf97d |archive-date=May 3, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, an dakatar da Fields don yanke jerin sunayen karshe kafin fara kakar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=9/1: Redskins Make Roster Moves |url=https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902052302/https://www.redskins.com/news/9-1-redskins-make-roster-moves |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |access-date=September 1, 2018 |website=Redskins.com}}</ref> === Denver Broncos === A ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, 2018, an sanya hannu kan Fields zuwa tawagar horar da Denver Broncos . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Jon |date=December 13, 2018 |title=Broncos sign WR to practice squad, work out a CFL QB |url=https://broncoswire.usatoday.com/2018/12/13/denver-broncos-news-shay-fields-signed-cfl-quarterback-workout/ |access-date=December 16, 2018 |website=USAToday.com}}</ref> === Jirgin ruwa na San Diego === A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2019, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Fleet na Alliance of American Football (AAF). Koyaya, an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar masu rauni kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solares |first=Diego |date=January 31, 2019 |title=Taking a Look at San Diego Fleet's Final 52-man Roster |url=https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202043124/https://eastvillagetimes.com/2019/01/taking-a-look-at-san-diego-fleets-final-52-man-roster/ |archive-date=February 2, 2019 |access-date=February 1, 2019 |publisher=East Village Times}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2019. An kara shi a cikin jerin haƙƙin ƙungiyar kuma an sake sanya hannu kan kwangila a ranar 19 ga Maris. An kunna shi a cikin jerin sunayen a ranar 20 ga watan Maris. === Masu buga takardu na Calgary === After the AAF suspended operations, Fields signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) on April 29, 2019. === Ƙarfafawar Panasonic === A cikin 2021, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Panasonic Impulse a cikin X-League a Japan. === Vegas Knight Hawks === A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2022, Fields ya sanya hannu tare da Vegas Knight Hawks a cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Cikin Gida (IFL). == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=1315 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] qfvhnl1lou8462m8m2oe3f5hiblbqtr 0 178790 965780 2026-10-10T13:14:43Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378562038|Marin County Civic Center attacks]]" 965780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hare-haren Cibiyar Jama'a ta Marin County''' hare-hare ne guda biyu a shekarar 1970 a Kotun Koli ta Marin County, wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Jama-tafiye ta Marin County a San Rafael, California, Amurka, da ke da alaƙa da karuwar tashin hankali na launin fata a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na jihar. A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, Jonathan P. Jackson mai shekaru 17 ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta sakin Soledad Brothers (ciki har da ɗan'uwan Jackson George) ta hanyar sace alƙalin Kotun Koli Harold Haley daga Cibiyar Jama'a ta Marin County. Yayin da masu satar suka yi ƙoƙari su tafi tare da masu garkuwa biyar da mota, daya daga cikin masu satar ya harbe 'yan sanda.<ref name="beavercountytimes-1971-4-17">{{Cite web |date=17 April 1972 |title=Ballistics Expert Details Escape Van |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OrEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OrMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=703,371771 |website=Beaver County Times}}</ref> Mutane hudu sun mutu a cikin harbin da ya biyo baya, ciki har da Jonathan Jackson da Haley, kuma wasu uku sun ji rauni. Wannan taron ya sami gagarumin labarai, kamar yadda ya biyo baya da kuma shari'ar [[Angela Davis]], farfesa da aka kori daga UCLA tare da alaƙa da George da Jonathan Jackson, da Black Panthers. Davis ta mallaki makamai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lamarin amma ta bayyana cewa ba ta da masaniya game da abin da ke faruwa. Harin na biyu ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar, lokacin da Weathermen suka fashe fashewa a Cibiyar Civic don tallafawa abin da ya faru a baya. == Tarihi == === Roƙo ta W.L. Nolen === A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1969, W.L. Nolen, wani fursuna mai shekaru 25 a gidan yarin Soledad a California wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a 1963 saboda fashi, ya fara yada takarda don shigar da kara a kan mai kula da gidan yarin, Cletus J. Fitzharris. Takardar neman izinin Nolen ta zargi cewa masu gadi da jami'ai a wurin sun san "rashin jituwa na zamantakewa da launin fata" kuma suna neman tayar da su ta hanyar "matsi kai tsaye da hanyoyin da ba za a iya yin aiki a kotu ba, gami da gabatar da rahotanni na horo na ƙarya da kuma barin ɗakunan fursunonin baƙar fata da gangan don sanya su cikin haɗarin hari. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa jami'ai sun kasance "da gangan suna ƙirƙirar da kiyaye yanayin da ke haifar da haɗari ga mai shigar da kara [shi da kansa]" kuma cewa ya "tsoron rayuwarsa" <ref name="ramparts-1973-04">{{Cite journal |last=Yee |first=Min Sun |date=April 1973 |title=Death on the Yard: The Untold Killings at Soledad & San Quentin |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Underground_News/pdf/Ramparts_April_1973_1.pdf |journal=[[Ramparts (magazine)|Ramparts]] |pages=36–40 |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> === Harbe-harbe na Soledad a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1970 === A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970, jami'in gyara Opie G. Miller ya harbe fursunoni baƙar fata uku kuma ya kashe su a Soledad. Fursunoni uku sune: # W.L. Nolen (duba sama); # Cleveland Edwards, mai shekaru 21, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a shekarar 1967 na kai hari kan wani jami'in 'yan sanda; kuma # Alvin Miller, mai shekaru 23, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin fashi. A cewar Ellsworth Ferguson, mataimakin gudanarwa ga Fitzharris a lokacin, an fara fada a lokacin da aka tsara don fursunoni 15 daga babban reshen tsaro na kurkuku. A lokacin rikici, an doke fararen fursunoni biyu daga cikin kungiyar zuwa ƙasa kuma jami'in Miller ya ruwaito cewa "yana jin tsoron cewa da yawa za su ji rauni sosai ko kuma su kashe su".Jami'ai daga baya sun bayyana cewa an "yi la'akari" cewa yakin ya kasance na launin fata a yanayi. [maɓallin mutu na dindindin]{{Dead link|date=January 2026|fix-attempted=yes|url=}} Jami'in Miller, ƙwararren mai harbi, ya yi ihu kuma ya busa ƙaho amma bai ba da gargadi ba kafin ya harbe Nolen, Edwards da Alvin Miller. White fursuna Billy D. Harris, a lokacin 23, wanda ke yin hidima don kai hari da ƙarya, ya ji rauni.<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> [maɓallin mutu na dindindin]  Dangane da maganganun da fursunoni suka yi, an haɗu da baki da baki da fari waɗanda aka sani da masu wariyar launin fata a cikin yadi, kuma an yi tsammanin wasu nau'ikan yaƙi. Ikilisiyar maza 15 a cikin gidan yarin ita ce karo na farko da aka haɗa a cikin watanni da yawa. Mutuwar wani baƙar fata mai zaman kansa, Clarence Causey, wanda aka yi masa wuka a shekarar 1968, ya bar tashin hankali na launin fata yana gudana, kuma watanni da yawa kafin Janairu 13, an ba fursunoni damar motsa jiki a cikin yadi daya bayan daya.<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> Bugu da ƙari, fursunoni sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu gadi da gangan sun hana su kai fursunonin da suka ji rauni zuwa asibiti, suna ba da damar wadanda aka harbe su uku su zubar da jini kusan minti ashirin kafin a kai su don samun taimakon likita. Thomas Meneweather, wani baƙar fata wanda ya kasance a wurin harbe-harbe kuma an ruwaito ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɗauki Alvin Miller a ciki, ya ce, "Na fara tafiya zuwa ƙofar da muka shiga cikin yadi amma mai tsaron hasumiya ya nuna min bindiga kuma ya girgiza kansa. Sa'an nan kuma na fara gaba da hawaye a idanuna, ina tsammanin a harbe shi kowane minti, amma mai tsayin hasumiya na gaya mini, 'Wannan ya isa.'<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> Kashegari, fursunoni 13 da ke cikin kurkuku sun fara yajin aikin yunwa, suna buƙatar binciken tarayya game da ayyukan Jami'in Miller, ban da neman wuraren rarrabewa da "bincike na kwakwalwa ta hanyar likitan kwakwalwa baƙar fata ga duk masu tsaron hasumiyar bindiga. " Officer Opie Miller was exonerated of the deaths of prisoners a few days later by a Monterey County grand jury. None of the black inmates present for the shootings were asked to testify.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2015}} === Kisan John Vincent Mills a Soledad === A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970, kwana hudu bayan harbe-harbe, an yi wa mai tsaron gidan yarin John Vincent Mills duka, ya ja matakala uku kuma ya jefa shi zuwa mutuwarsa. Wani bayanin da aka samu a gefen jikinsa ya karanta "Daya ƙasa, biyu don tafiya". An tuhumi fursunoni baƙar fata uku da kisan kai kuma an tura su zuwa San Quentin don jiran shari'a. Wadanda ake tuhuma guda uku, Fleeta Drumgo, John Clutchette da George Jackson, daga ƙarshe sun zama sanannun "Soledad Brothers". Jackson an san shi a lokacin a matsayin mai gwagwarmayar siyasa da marubuci, kuma shi da Nolen sun yi aiki tare a 1966 don kafa ƙungiyar kurkuku ta Black Guerrilla Family, ƙungiyar baƙar fata da ke niyya ga abin da suka gani a matsayin fararen kayan aikin wariyar launin fata na tsarin kurkuku.<ref name="prisonoffenders.com">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Nico |title=Prison Offenders: Black Guerilla Family |url=http://www.prisonoffenders.com/black_guerrilla_family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726230830/http://www.prisonoffenders.com/black_guerrilla_family.html |archive-date=July 26, 2010 |access-date=August 13, 2010}}</ref> === Rashin tashin hankali na launin fata a Soledad === Bayan harbe-harbe na 13 ga Janairu da kuma kisan John Mills, tashin hankali na launin fata ya karu da tashin hankali a Soledad. A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, 1970, fursunoni biyar sun yi garkuwa da fararen masu gadi William Monagan da Wallace Coffman na kimanin minti 45 kafin a tura iskar hawaye don 'yantar da su. An ruwaito lamarin a cikin The Bulletin . A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1970, an gano wani fararen mai tsaro, William H. Shull, an yi masa wuka har ya mutu a cikin wani shinge don kayan motsa jiki. An sami raunuka daban-daban arba'in a jikinsa. Kwanaki shida bayan haka, an gano gawar wani fararen fashi, Roy William Turner, a ƙarƙashin gadonsa na kurkuku. == Agusta 7, 1970, harin == A watan Agustan 1970, wata kungiya da ke da alaƙa da Soledad Brothers ta shirya wani hari da makami a kotun Marin County don neman a saki George Jackson nan take. Harin ya faru ne a lokacin shari'ar James McClain, don wuka mai tsaron kurkuku, tare da Alkalin Harold Haley wanda ke jagorantar.<ref name="time-1970-08-17">{{Cite web |date=August 17, 1970 |title=Justice: A Bad Week for the Good Guys |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909547-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913023405/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909547-1,00.html |archive-date=September 13, 2008 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]}}</ref> Mutumin da ke kula da satar shi ne ɗan'uwan George Jackson, Jonathan Peter Jackson, mai shekaru 17.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite web |title=Angela Davis Acquitted on All Charges |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html |website=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> Kwanaki biyu kafin satar, tsohon malamin UCLA [[Angela Davis]] ya sayi bindiga daga shagon aro a San Francisco. Bayan Davis ya biya bindigar, an cire ganga don a ɓoye ta. A ranar da ta gabata kafin satar, an zargi Angela Davis da Jonathan Jackson da kasancewa a cikin motar haya mai launin rawaya a Kotun Marin. Jonathan Jackson ya shiga kotun inda James McClain ke fuskantar shari'a. Jackson yana sanye da rigar ruwan sama mai tsawo, duk da zafi da rashin ruwan sama. Motar tana da matsala wajen gudu, don haka Jackson da Davis sun tuka zuwa tashar gas a kan titi daga kotun don a gyara motar. A ranar Jumma'a, 7 ga watan Agusta, 1970, Jonathan Jackson mai dauke da makamai ya koma kotun a cikin motar rawaya. Ya sake shiga kotun yana sanye da dogon rigar ruwan sama, kuma ya kawo bindigogi uku da aka yi rajista ga Davis a cikin Hall of Justice. Jackson ya zauna a tsakanin masu kallo na 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin ya buɗe jakarsa, ya zana bindiga kuma ya jefa shi ga wanda ake tuhuma da Black Panther James McClain. Jackson daga nan ya samar da Iver Johnson paratrooper-style, tsaye-grapped front-grapped M1 carbine tare da 20-round "banana"-shaped magazine daga ruwan sama rigarsa yayin da McClain ya riƙe bindigar a kan Haley. An ruwaito Jackson yana cewa "Ka daskare. Ka daskare".Daga nan sai ya gaya wa jami'an kotu, lauyoyi da juriya su kwanta a ƙasa yayin da wani fursuna na San Quentin, Ruchell Magee, wanda ya shaida a shari'ar McClain, ya tafi ya saki wasu fursunoni uku masu shaida daga tantanin su. An kuma umarci ma'aurata da jariri su shiga cikin ɗakunan alƙali. Bayan Magee ya sake shi, mutum na huɗu, Black Panther William Arthur Christmas, ya shiga cikin sauran masu satar mutane uku. An tilasta wa Haley a kan bindiga don kiran sheriff Louis P. Mountanos, da fatan shawo kan 'yan sanda su guji shiga tsakani. Flares na hanya, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don kwaikwayon sandunan dinamite, an riƙe su a wuyan Haley kafin a maye gurbin su da bindigar da aka ɗora a ƙarƙashin gemu tare da tef mai mannewa. Masu satar mutane, bayan wasu muhawara, sai suka sami wasu masu garkuwa hudu wadanda suka ɗaure su da waya ta piano: Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas da masu juriya Maria Elena Graham, Doris Whitmer, da Joyce Rodoni. [[File:James_McClain_escorts_hostages_from_Marin_County_Superior_Court.webp|thumb|McClain yana riƙe da bindiga a kan Haley yayin da yake raka masu garkuwa daga ginin]] Masu satar mutane huɗu da masu garkuwa biyar sai suka shiga cikin gangaren kotun, wanda a wannan lokacin ya cika da 'yan sanda masu amsawa waɗanda wani mai ba da izini ya kira su.<ref name="time-1970-08-17" /> Ba a dauki mataki a kansu a wannan lokacin ba. A wannan lokacin, Jim Kean, mai daukar hoto na ''San Rafael Independent Journal'', ya isa ginin bayan ya ji labarin lamarin daga rediyo na 'yan sanda a cikin motarsa. Ya sauka daga wani lif da ke kusa da wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su da masu satar mutane, kuma daya daga cikinsu ya ce, "Kuna ɗaukar dukkan hotunan da kuke so. Mu masu juyin juya hali ne".Kean da abokin aikinsa Roger Bockrath sun ɗauki [https://extras.marinij.com/shooting/ jerin hotuna] na kungiyar, a bayyane yake bayan wasu taƙaitaccen tattaunawa game da ko ya kamata a kara 'yan jarida biyu a cikin rukunin masu garkuwa. Daga nan sai kungiyar ta shiga cikin mai hawa, ta sanar da 'yan sanda cewa "[suna so] 'yan uwan Soledad da aka' yanka da 12:30 a yau".Lokacin da aka tilasta wa masu garkuwa zuwa kan titin da ke gaban Hall of Justice, Haley ta tambayi inda ake kai su. An gaya masa cewa ana kai su filin jirgin sama inda za su sami jirgin sama. Sai masu satar suka tilasta wa masu garkuwa su shiga cikin motar Ford da aka hayar wanda suka fara fitarwa zuwa hanyar fita ta Amurka 101.<ref name="Bangor Daily News-August 23, 1971" /> 'Yan sanda sun kafa shingen hanya a waje da Cibiyar Civic don tsammanin barin kungiyar. Yayin da Jonathan Jackson ya kori masu garkuwa da mutane da fursunoni uku daga kotun, fasinja na gaba McClain ya harbe 'yan sanda da ke cikin filin ajiye motoci. 'Yan sanda sun harbe su. Haley ya mutu ne sakamakon mummunan rauni daga bindigar wanda ya bar "rami mai zurfi" a kansa da kuma bindiga da aka harbe a kirji a cikin motar daga bindigogi .357 Magnum da aka sace. <ref name="beavercountytimes-1971-4-17" /> Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas, daya daga cikin wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su, ya kama bindiga daga Jackson kuma ya fara harbi masu satar. An yi harbi, inda aka kashe Black Panthers uku. Mutumin da ya sace Black Panther da ya tsira shi ne Ruchell Magee, wanda ya ji rauni. Thomas ya gurgunta har abada ta hanyar harsashi ta hanyar kashin baya. Maria Elena Graham, ɗaya daga cikin masu juri da aka kama, ta sami rauni a hannunta. == Sakamakon haka == Mutane hudu sun mutu a lokacin harbi na Cibiyar Jama'a kuma uku sun ji rauni. Wadanda suka mutu hudu sune Alkalin Harold Haley, Jonathan Jackson, William Kirsimeti, da James McClain . Haley ya mutu ne sakamakon raunin da aka samu daga bindigar da aka ɗaure a wuyansa da kuma bindigar bindiga da aka harbe a kirji daga .357 magnum wanda Kirsimeti ya karɓa daga Sheriff Louis Mountanos. 'Yan sanda sun kashe Jackson da Kirsimeti. Mai gabatar da kara Thomas (wanda ya dauki bindiga .357 magnum daga Jackson) da Mataimakin David Mori, sun harbe McClain har lahira a baya kuma suka ji wa Magee rauni sosai a kirji. Baya ga Magee, sauran biyu da suka ji rauni sune Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas da kuma juri Maria Elena Graham. Thomas ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya gurgunta ta hanyar harsashi uku da aka harba daga bindiga .30-caliber da masu tsaron gidan yarin San Quentin suka yi. Graham, daya daga cikin masu juri da aka kama, William Kirsimeti ya harbe shi a hannunsa. [[File:RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg|left|thumb|[[Angela Davis]] tare da Valentina Tereshkova]] Bayan abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, an ba da sammaci don kama Angela Davis. Ta zama mai gudu kuma ta tsere daga California. An ɓoye ta zuwa Chicago don saduwa da ɗan'uwanta shugaban Kwaminisanci David Poindexter Jr., wanda ya kai ta Miami, Florida. A kokarin ɓoyewa daga hukumomi, Davis ta yi amfani da ganewar asali, ta yanke afarta, ta sa gashin gashi, ta cire gashin kanta, ta sa kayan shafawa, kuma ta sanya tabarau na kasuwanci. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1970, jami'an FBI sun same ta a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge a Birnin New York.[1] Shugaba Richard M. Nixon ya taya FBI murna kan "kashin mai ta'addanci mai haɗari, Angela Davis".[2] An tuhumi Davis a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa ga makirci, satar mutane, da kisan kai. A shekara ta 1972, an yi mata shari'a kuma ba a same ta ba laifi ba kan dukkan laifuka. Ruchell Magee ya amsa laifinsa na yin garkuwa da mutane saboda rawar da ya taka a harin. A madadin roƙonsa, Babban Lauyan Gwamnati ya roƙi Kotun da ta yi watsi da tuhumar kisan kai (na Alkali Harold Haley ). Daga baya Magee ya yi ƙoƙarin janye ƙararsa amma bai yi nasara ba, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a shekarar 1975. An daure shi a gidan yarin Corcoran kuma ya sha kaye a shari'o'in da dama na neman afuwa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}} A ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2023, Magee ya sami sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ya mutu makonni kaɗan bayan haka; ya shafe shekaru 67 na rayuwarsa a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marques |first=Natalia |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Ruchell Magee wins his release after 67 years in shackles |url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/07/21/ruchell-magee-wins-his-release-after-67-years-in-shackles/ |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=Peoples Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref> == 8 ga Oktoba bama-bamai da bayan haka == A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1970, an jefa bam a Kotun Kotun Marin County. Wata kungiya da aka sani da Weathermen daga baya ta yi ikirarin alhakin aikin, wanda aka aiwatar a matsayin fansa don kisan Jackson da sauran masu satar mutane. A shekarar 1971, kwana uku kafin a gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya kan kisan gillar Mills (duba § Kisan John Vincent Mills a Soledad ), an harbe George Jackson har lahira a gidan yarin San Quentin a lokacin wani yunƙurin tserewa daga gidan yarin. Jami'ai sun yi ikirarin cewa Jackson ya yi fasa-kwaurin bindiga mai girman 9mm zuwa gidan yarin kuma shi da wasu fursunoni kusan ashirin suna ƙoƙarin tserewa. A lokacin rikicin, an kashe jami'an gyara uku da wasu fursunoni biyu. An gurfanar da shida daga cikin fursunonin (wanda aka sani da San Quentin Six ) daga baya saboda shigarsu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2015}} Susie Edwards, Perry da Sadie Miller, da O.C. da Addie Nolen, iyayen Cleveland Edwards, Alvin Miller da W.L. Nolen, bi da bi, daga ƙarshe sun shigar da karar lalacewar dala miliyan 1.2 a kan jami'in gyara Opie G. Miller saboda mutuwar 'ya'yansu maza yayin harbi na Soledad na Janairu 13, 1970 (wanda aka bayyana a sama). &nbsp;Mujallar Jet ta ruwaito a cikin fitowar ta 22 ga Mayu, 1975, cewa iyalai sun sami jimlar "$270,000 daga jihar California bayan da fararen juri ya yanke shawarar cewa ma'aikatan kurkuku takwas sun haifar da mutuwar fursunoni". == Dubi kuma == * Black August (fim) * Jerin kisan kai a California * Canjin kurkuku == Haɗin waje == * San Quentin Trials An adana shi * Hotuna na taron Kotun Marin da masu daukar hoto Jim Kean da Roger Bockrath suka dauka, suna nuna Haley tare da bindiga da aka ɗora wuyansa An ajiye shi * [http://extras.marinij.com/shooting/ Cibiyar Cibiyar Marin harbi Jim Kean da Roger Bockrath Hotuna] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9y0uw7xxzhd336saquxrwl66puu82ap 965781 965780 2026-10-10T13:15:30Z Baffa ali 47435 965781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hare-haren Cibiyar Jama'a ta Marin County''' hare-hare ne guda biyu a shekarar 1970 a Kotun Koli ta Marin County, wanda ke cikin Cibiyar Jama-tafiye ta Marin County a San Rafael, California, Amurka, da ke da alaƙa da karuwar tashin hankali na launin fata a cikin tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na jihar. A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, Jonathan P. Jackson mai shekaru 17 ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta sakin Soledad Brothers (ciki har da ɗan'uwan Jackson George) ta hanyar sace alƙalin Kotun Koli Harold Haley daga Cibiyar Jama'a ta Marin County. Yayin da masu satar suka yi ƙoƙari su tafi tare da masu garkuwa biyar da mota, daya daga cikin masu satar ya harbe 'yan sanda.<ref name="beavercountytimes-1971-4-17">{{Cite web |date=17 April 1972 |title=Ballistics Expert Details Escape Van |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OrEiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OrMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=703,371771 |website=Beaver County Times}}</ref> Mutane hudu sun mutu a cikin harbin da ya biyo baya, ciki har da Jonathan Jackson da Haley, kuma wasu uku sun ji rauni. Wannan taron ya sami gagarumin labarai, kamar yadda ya biyo baya da kuma shari'ar [[Angela Davis]], farfesa da aka kori daga UCLA tare da alaƙa da George da Jonathan Jackson, da Black Panthers. Davis ta mallaki makamai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lamarin amma ta bayyana cewa ba ta da masaniya game da abin da ke faruwa. Harin na biyu ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar, lokacin da Weathermen suka fashe fashewa a Cibiyar Civic don tallafawa abin da ya faru a baya. == Tarihi == === Roƙo ta W.L. Nolen === A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1969, W.L. Nolen, wani fursuna mai shekaru 25 a gidan yarin Soledad a California wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a 1963 saboda fashi, ya fara yada takarda don shigar da kara a kan mai kula da gidan yarin, Cletus J. Fitzharris. Takardar neman izinin Nolen ta zargi cewa masu gadi da jami'ai a wurin sun san "rashin jituwa na zamantakewa da launin fata" kuma suna neman tayar da su ta hanyar "matsi kai tsaye da hanyoyin da ba za a iya yin aiki a kotu ba, gami da gabatar da rahotanni na horo na ƙarya da kuma barin ɗakunan fursunonin baƙar fata da gangan don sanya su cikin haɗarin hari. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa jami'ai sun kasance "da gangan suna ƙirƙirar da kiyaye yanayin da ke haifar da haɗari ga mai shigar da kara [shi da kansa]" kuma cewa ya "tsoron rayuwarsa" <ref name="ramparts-1973-04">{{Cite journal |last=Yee |first=Min Sun |date=April 1973 |title=Death on the Yard: The Untold Killings at Soledad & San Quentin |url=http://www.itsabouttimebpp.com/Underground_News/pdf/Ramparts_April_1973_1.pdf |journal=[[Ramparts (magazine)|Ramparts]] |pages=36–40 |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref> === Harbe-harbe na Soledad a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1970 === A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970, jami'in gyara Opie G. Miller ya harbe fursunoni baƙar fata uku kuma ya kashe su a Soledad. Fursunoni uku sune: # W.L. Nolen (duba sama); # Cleveland Edwards, mai shekaru 21, wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a shekarar 1967 na kai hari kan wani jami'in 'yan sanda; kuma # Alvin Miller, mai shekaru 23, wanda aka yanke masa hukuncin fashi. A cewar Ellsworth Ferguson, mataimakin gudanarwa ga Fitzharris a lokacin, an fara fada a lokacin da aka tsara don fursunoni 15 daga babban reshen tsaro na kurkuku. A lokacin rikici, an doke fararen fursunoni biyu daga cikin kungiyar zuwa ƙasa kuma jami'in Miller ya ruwaito cewa "yana jin tsoron cewa da yawa za su ji rauni sosai ko kuma su kashe su".Jami'ai daga baya sun bayyana cewa an "yi la'akari" cewa yakin ya kasance na launin fata a yanayi. [maɓallin mutu na dindindin]{{Dead link|date=January 2026|fix-attempted=yes|url=}} Jami'in Miller, ƙwararren mai harbi, ya yi ihu kuma ya busa ƙaho amma bai ba da gargadi ba kafin ya harbe Nolen, Edwards da Alvin Miller. White fursuna Billy D. Harris, a lokacin 23, wanda ke yin hidima don kai hari da ƙarya, ya ji rauni.<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> [maɓallin mutu na dindindin]  Dangane da maganganun da fursunoni suka yi, an haɗu da baki da baki da fari waɗanda aka sani da masu wariyar launin fata a cikin yadi, kuma an yi tsammanin wasu nau'ikan yaƙi. Ikilisiyar maza 15 a cikin gidan yarin ita ce karo na farko da aka haɗa a cikin watanni da yawa. Mutuwar wani baƙar fata mai zaman kansa, Clarence Causey, wanda aka yi masa wuka a shekarar 1968, ya bar tashin hankali na launin fata yana gudana, kuma watanni da yawa kafin Janairu 13, an ba fursunoni damar motsa jiki a cikin yadi daya bayan daya.<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> Bugu da ƙari, fursunoni sun yi iƙirarin cewa masu gadi da gangan sun hana su kai fursunonin da suka ji rauni zuwa asibiti, suna ba da damar wadanda aka harbe su uku su zubar da jini kusan minti ashirin kafin a kai su don samun taimakon likita. Thomas Meneweather, wani baƙar fata wanda ya kasance a wurin harbe-harbe kuma an ruwaito ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɗauki Alvin Miller a ciki, ya ce, "Na fara tafiya zuwa ƙofar da muka shiga cikin yadi amma mai tsaron hasumiya ya nuna min bindiga kuma ya girgiza kansa. Sa'an nan kuma na fara gaba da hawaye a idanuna, ina tsammanin a harbe shi kowane minti, amma mai tsayin hasumiya na gaya mini, 'Wannan ya isa.'<ref name="ramparts-1973-04" /> Kashegari, fursunoni 13 da ke cikin kurkuku sun fara yajin aikin yunwa, suna buƙatar binciken tarayya game da ayyukan Jami'in Miller, ban da neman wuraren rarrabewa da "bincike na kwakwalwa ta hanyar likitan kwakwalwa baƙar fata ga duk masu tsaron hasumiyar bindiga. " Officer Opie Miller was exonerated of the deaths of prisoners a few days later by a Monterey County grand jury. None of the black inmates present for the shootings were asked to testify.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2015}} === Kisan John Vincent Mills a Soledad === A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1970, kwana hudu bayan harbe-harbe, an yi wa mai tsaron gidan yarin John Vincent Mills duka, ya ja matakala uku kuma ya jefa shi zuwa mutuwarsa. Wani bayanin da aka samu a gefen jikinsa ya karanta "Daya ƙasa, biyu don tafiya". An tuhumi fursunoni baƙar fata uku da kisan kai kuma an tura su zuwa San Quentin don jiran shari'a. Wadanda ake tuhuma guda uku, Fleeta Drumgo, John Clutchette da George Jackson, daga ƙarshe sun zama sanannun "Soledad Brothers". Jackson an san shi a lokacin a matsayin mai gwagwarmayar siyasa da marubuci, kuma shi da Nolen sun yi aiki tare a 1966 don kafa ƙungiyar kurkuku ta Black Guerrilla Family, ƙungiyar baƙar fata da ke niyya ga abin da suka gani a matsayin fararen kayan aikin wariyar launin fata na tsarin kurkuku.<ref name="prisonoffenders.com">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Nico |title=Prison Offenders: Black Guerilla Family |url=http://www.prisonoffenders.com/black_guerrilla_family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726230830/http://www.prisonoffenders.com/black_guerrilla_family.html |archive-date=July 26, 2010 |access-date=August 13, 2010}}</ref> === Rashin tashin hankali na launin fata a Soledad === Bayan harbe-harbe na 13 ga Janairu da kuma kisan John Mills, tashin hankali na launin fata ya karu da tashin hankali a Soledad. A ranar 16 ga watan Maris, 1970, fursunoni biyar sun yi garkuwa da fararen masu gadi William Monagan da Wallace Coffman na kimanin minti 45 kafin a tura iskar hawaye don 'yantar da su. An ruwaito lamarin a cikin The Bulletin . A ranar 23 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1970, an gano wani fararen mai tsaro, William H. Shull, an yi masa wuka har ya mutu a cikin wani shinge don kayan motsa jiki. An sami raunuka daban-daban arba'in a jikinsa. Kwanaki shida bayan haka, an gano gawar wani fararen fashi, Roy William Turner, a ƙarƙashin gadonsa na kurkuku. == Agusta 7, 1970, harin == A watan Agustan 1970, wata kungiya da ke da alaƙa da Soledad Brothers ta shirya wani hari da makami a kotun Marin County don neman a saki George Jackson nan take. Harin ya faru ne a lokacin shari'ar James McClain, don wuka mai tsaron kurkuku, tare da Alkalin Harold Haley wanda ke jagorantar.<ref name="time-1970-08-17">{{Cite web |date=August 17, 1970 |title=Justice: A Bad Week for the Good Guys |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909547-1,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913023405/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909547-1,00.html |archive-date=September 13, 2008 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |publisher=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]}}</ref> Mutumin da ke kula da satar shi ne ɗan'uwan George Jackson, Jonathan Peter Jackson, mai shekaru 17.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite web |title=Angela Davis Acquitted on All Charges |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/08/home/davis-acquit.html |website=archive.nytimes.com}}</ref> Kwanaki biyu kafin satar, tsohon malamin UCLA [[Angela Davis]] ya sayi bindiga daga shagon aro a San Francisco. Bayan Davis ya biya bindigar, an cire ganga don a ɓoye ta. A ranar da ta gabata kafin satar, an zargi Angela Davis da Jonathan Jackson da kasancewa a cikin motar haya mai launin rawaya a Kotun Marin. Jonathan Jackson ya shiga kotun inda James McClain ke fuskantar shari'a. Jackson yana sanye da rigar ruwan sama mai tsawo, duk da zafi da rashin ruwan sama. Motar tana da matsala wajen gudu, don haka Jackson da Davis sun tuka zuwa tashar gas a kan titi daga kotun don a gyara motar. A ranar Jumma'a, 7 ga watan Agusta, 1970, Jonathan Jackson mai dauke da makamai ya koma kotun a cikin motar rawaya. Ya sake shiga kotun yana sanye da dogon rigar ruwan sama, kuma ya kawo bindigogi uku da aka yi rajista ga Davis a cikin Hall of Justice. Jackson ya zauna a tsakanin masu kallo na 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin ya buɗe jakarsa, ya zana bindiga kuma ya jefa shi ga wanda ake tuhuma da Black Panther James McClain. Jackson daga nan ya samar da Iver Johnson paratrooper-style, tsaye-grapped front-grapped M1 carbine tare da 20-round "banana"-shaped magazine daga ruwan sama rigarsa yayin da McClain ya riƙe bindigar a kan Haley. An ruwaito Jackson yana cewa "Ka daskare. Ka daskare".Daga nan sai ya gaya wa jami'an kotu, lauyoyi da juriya su kwanta a ƙasa yayin da wani fursuna na San Quentin, Ruchell Magee, wanda ya shaida a shari'ar McClain, ya tafi ya saki wasu fursunoni uku masu shaida daga tantanin su. An kuma umarci ma'aurata da jariri su shiga cikin ɗakunan alƙali. Bayan Magee ya sake shi, mutum na huɗu, Black Panther William Arthur Christmas, ya shiga cikin sauran masu satar mutane uku. An tilasta wa Haley a kan bindiga don kiran sheriff Louis P. Mountanos, da fatan shawo kan 'yan sanda su guji shiga tsakani. Flares na hanya, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don kwaikwayon sandunan dinamite, an riƙe su a wuyan Haley kafin a maye gurbin su da bindigar da aka ɗora a ƙarƙashin gemu tare da tef mai mannewa. Masu satar mutane, bayan wasu muhawara, sai suka sami wasu masu garkuwa hudu wadanda suka ɗaure su da waya ta piano: Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas da masu juriya Maria Elena Graham, Doris Whitmer, da Joyce Rodoni. [[File:James_McClain_escorts_hostages_from_Marin_County_Superior_Court.webp|thumb|McClain yana riƙe da bindiga a kan Haley yayin da yake raka masu garkuwa daga ginin]] Masu satar mutane huɗu da masu garkuwa biyar sai suka shiga cikin gangaren kotun, wanda a wannan lokacin ya cika da 'yan sanda masu amsawa waɗanda wani mai ba da izini ya kira su.<ref name="time-1970-08-17" /> Ba a dauki mataki a kansu a wannan lokacin ba. A wannan lokacin, Jim Kean, mai daukar hoto na ''San Rafael Independent Journal'', ya isa ginin bayan ya ji labarin lamarin daga rediyo na 'yan sanda a cikin motarsa. Ya sauka daga wani lif da ke kusa da wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su da masu satar mutane, kuma daya daga cikinsu ya ce, "Kuna ɗaukar dukkan hotunan da kuke so. Mu masu juyin juya hali ne".Kean da abokin aikinsa Roger Bockrath sun ɗauki [https://extras.marinij.com/shooting/ jerin hotuna] na kungiyar, a bayyane yake bayan wasu taƙaitaccen tattaunawa game da ko ya kamata a kara 'yan jarida biyu a cikin rukunin masu garkuwa. Daga nan sai kungiyar ta shiga cikin mai hawa, ta sanar da 'yan sanda cewa "[suna so] 'yan uwan Soledad da aka' yanka da 12:30 a yau".Lokacin da aka tilasta wa masu garkuwa zuwa kan titin da ke gaban Hall of Justice, Haley ta tambayi inda ake kai su. An gaya masa cewa ana kai su filin jirgin sama inda za su sami jirgin sama. Sai masu satar suka tilasta wa masu garkuwa su shiga cikin motar Ford da aka hayar wanda suka fara fitarwa zuwa hanyar fita ta Amurka 101.<ref name="Bangor Daily News-August 23, 1971" /> 'Yan sanda sun kafa shingen hanya a waje da Cibiyar Civic don tsammanin barin kungiyar. Yayin da Jonathan Jackson ya kori masu garkuwa da mutane da fursunoni uku daga kotun, fasinja na gaba McClain ya harbe 'yan sanda da ke cikin filin ajiye motoci. 'Yan sanda sun harbe su. Haley ya mutu ne sakamakon mummunan rauni daga bindigar wanda ya bar "rami mai zurfi" a kansa da kuma bindiga da aka harbe a kirji a cikin motar daga bindigogi .357 Magnum da aka sace. <ref name="beavercountytimes-1971-4-17" /> Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas, daya daga cikin wadanda aka yi garkuwa da su, ya kama bindiga daga Jackson kuma ya fara harbi masu satar. An yi harbi, inda aka kashe Black Panthers uku. Mutumin da ya sace Black Panther da ya tsira shi ne Ruchell Magee, wanda ya ji rauni. Thomas ya gurgunta har abada ta hanyar harsashi ta hanyar kashin baya. Maria Elena Graham, ɗaya daga cikin masu juri da aka kama, ta sami rauni a hannunta. == Sakamakon haka == Mutane hudu sun mutu a lokacin harbi na Cibiyar Jama'a kuma uku sun ji rauni. Wadanda suka mutu hudu sune Alkalin Harold Haley, Jonathan Jackson, William Kirsimeti, da James McClain . Haley ya mutu ne sakamakon raunin da aka samu daga bindigar da aka ɗaure a wuyansa da kuma bindigar bindiga da aka harbe a kirji daga .357 magnum wanda Kirsimeti ya karɓa daga Sheriff Louis Mountanos. 'Yan sanda sun kashe Jackson da Kirsimeti. Mai gabatar da kara Thomas (wanda ya dauki bindiga .357 magnum daga Jackson) da Mataimakin David Mori, sun harbe McClain har lahira a baya kuma suka ji wa Magee rauni sosai a kirji. Baya ga Magee, sauran biyu da suka ji rauni sune Mataimakin Lauyan Gundumar Gary Thomas da kuma juri Maria Elena Graham. Thomas ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya gurgunta ta hanyar harsashi uku da aka harba daga bindiga .30-caliber da masu tsaron gidan yarin San Quentin suka yi. Graham, daya daga cikin masu juri da aka kama, William Kirsimeti ya harbe shi a hannunsa. [[File:RIAN_archive_717718_Valentina_Tereshkova_and_Angela_Davis.jpg|left|thumb|[[Angela Davis]] tare da Valentina Tereshkova]] Bayan abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, an ba da sammaci don kama Angela Davis. Ta zama mai gudu kuma ta tsere daga California. An ɓoye ta zuwa Chicago don saduwa da ɗan'uwanta shugaban Kwaminisanci David Poindexter Jr., wanda ya kai ta Miami, Florida. A kokarin ɓoyewa daga hukumomi, Davis ta yi amfani da ganewar asali, ta yanke afarta, ta sa gashin gashi, ta cire gashin kanta, ta sa kayan shafawa, kuma ta sanya tabarau na kasuwanci. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1970, jami'an FBI sun same ta a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge a Birnin New York.[1] Shugaba Richard M. Nixon ya taya FBI murna kan "kashin mai ta'addanci mai haɗari, Angela Davis".[2] An tuhumi Davis a matsayin mai haɗin gwiwa ga makirci, satar mutane, da kisan kai. A shekara ta 1972, an yi mata shari'a kuma ba a same ta ba laifi ba kan dukkan laifuka. Ruchell Magee ya amsa laifinsa na yin garkuwa da mutane saboda rawar da ya taka a harin. A madadin roƙonsa, Babban Lauyan Gwamnati ya roƙi Kotun da ta yi watsi da tuhumar kisan kai (na Alkali Harold Haley ). Daga baya Magee ya yi ƙoƙarin janye ƙararsa amma bai yi nasara ba, kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a shekarar 1975. An daure shi a gidan yarin Corcoran kuma ya sha kaye a shari'o'in da dama na neman afuwa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2023}} A ranar 21 ga Yuli, 2023, Magee ya sami sassaucin ra'ayi kuma ya mutu makonni kaɗan bayan haka; ya shafe shekaru 67 na rayuwarsa a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marques |first=Natalia |date=July 21, 2023 |title=Ruchell Magee wins his release after 67 years in shackles |url=https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/07/21/ruchell-magee-wins-his-release-after-67-years-in-shackles/ |access-date=July 22, 2023 |website=Peoples Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref> == 8 ga Oktoba bama-bamai da bayan haka == A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1970, an jefa bam a Kotun Kotun Marin County. Wata kungiya da aka sani da Weathermen daga baya ta yi ikirarin alhakin aikin, wanda aka aiwatar a matsayin fansa don kisan Jackson da sauran masu satar mutane. A shekarar 1971, kwana uku kafin a gurfanar da shi a gaban kuliya kan kisan gillar Mills (duba § Kisan John Vincent Mills a Soledad ), an harbe George Jackson har lahira a gidan yarin San Quentin a lokacin wani yunƙurin tserewa daga gidan yarin. Jami'ai sun yi ikirarin cewa Jackson ya yi fasa-kwaurin bindiga mai girman 9mm zuwa gidan yarin kuma shi da wasu fursunoni kusan ashirin suna ƙoƙarin tserewa. A lokacin rikicin, an kashe jami'an gyara uku da wasu fursunoni biyu. An gurfanar da shida daga cikin fursunonin (wanda aka sani da San Quentin Six ) daga baya saboda shigarsu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2015}} Susie Edwards, Perry da Sadie Miller, da O.C. da Addie Nolen, iyayen Cleveland Edwards, Alvin Miller da W.L. Nolen, bi da bi, daga ƙarshe sun shigar da karar lalacewar dala miliyan 1.2 a kan jami'in gyara Opie G. Miller saboda mutuwar 'ya'yansu maza yayin harbi na Soledad na Janairu 13, 1970 (wanda aka bayyana a sama). &nbsp;Mujallar Jet ta ruwaito a cikin fitowar ta 22 ga Mayu, 1975, cewa iyalai sun sami jimlar "$270,000 daga jihar California bayan da fararen juri ya yanke shawarar cewa ma'aikatan kurkuku takwas sun haifar da mutuwar fursunoni". == Dubi kuma == * Black August (fim) * Jerin kisan kai a California * Canjin kurkuku == Haɗin waje == * San Quentin Trials An adana shi * Hotuna na taron Kotun Marin da masu daukar hoto Jim Kean da Roger Bockrath suka dauka, suna nuna Haley tare da bindiga da aka ɗora wuyansa An ajiye shi * [http://extras.marinij.com/shooting/ Cibiyar Cibiyar Marin harbi Jim Kean da Roger Bockrath Hotuna] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == fublmniguq8poxypkam8kfe27i4alrq 0 178791 965783 2026-10-10T13:43:33Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375250316|Audrey McKeen]]" 965783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026. ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din. Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1vq3e0bfu8adgh4uoc6v9ea1qimn52m 965784 965783 2026-10-10T13:44:14Z Aluja 30485 965784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026. ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din. Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m5zwg7telkflau6hoxnkgos2lep7nx7 965785 965784 2026-10-10T13:44:45Z Aluja 30485 965785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026. ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din. Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] emt1q00shebs0mt81keopzr7qx35kiq 965786 965785 2026-10-10T13:47:45Z Aluja 30485 965786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2026-womens-di-recruiting-rankings:-nov_aid55375|title=2026 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings: Nov.|date=November 26, 2025|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref> ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din. Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dhuozqez26jpbcw29k8biqqoee1kdw6 965787 965786 2026-10-10T13:49:08Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 965787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2026-womens-di-recruiting-rankings:-nov_aid55375|title=2026 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings: Nov.|date=November 26, 2025|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref> ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din. Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2026/08/07/nwsl-orlando-pride-racing-louisville/|title= Orlando Pride drop 3-1 home decision to lowly Racing Louisville |last=Foley|first=Kyle|date=2026-08-07|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pkp3t50p0yuud59dtkxh73kwnon4haa 965789 965787 2026-10-10T13:51:06Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kulob */ 965789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Audrey Lynn McKeen''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2008) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Racing Louisville FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL). Ta sanya hannu tare da Racing tana da shekaru 17 a 2026. McKeen ya girma ne a Vienna, Virginia . Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare na tsawon shekaru biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Bishop O'Connell, a cikin Arlington County, Virginia, inda ta kasance mai yin iyo a kowane taro kuma ta yi gasa a waƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Swim and Dive: Gonzaga wins Boys and Good Counsel Wins Girls Championships |url=https://www.wcacsports.com/championships/24swimanddive |access-date=2026-03-14 |publisher=[[Washington Catholic Athletic Conference]]}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye 23 tare da taimakon 7 a matsayin sabon shiga a 2023, an kira ta All-Met ta hanyar The Washington Post . Ta zira kwallaye 37 kuma ta kara da 9 a matsayin mai karatun digiri na biyu a 2024, ta kai wasan karshe na Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Arewacin Virginia Independent Schools. An ba ta suna All-Met na farko, WCAC Player of the Year, da Virginia Gatorade Player of the year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gatorade 2024 - 2025: Player of the Year - Girls Soccer - Virginia |url=https://playeroftheyear.gatorade.com/winner/audrey-mckeen/41118 |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Gatorade Player of the Year]]}}</ref> McKeen ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kulob din Loudoun SC, Northern Virginia Alliance, da Virginia Development Academy, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta ECNL da yawa kuma ana kiransa ECNL All-American a shekarar 2025. Kafin ta tafi sana'a, ta himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Florida State Seminoles, tana shirin sake komawa cikin aji na 2026.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/2026-womens-di-recruiting-rankings:-nov_aid55375|title=2026 Women's DI Recruiting Rankings: Nov.|date=November 26, 2025|website=[[TopDrawerSoccer]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref> ''TopDrawerSoccer'' ya sanya ta a matsayin mai daukar ma'aikata na 5 a wannan aji. == Ayyukan kulob == McKeen ya horar da Racing Louisville FC da Washington Spirit a lokacin kakar 2025. <ref name="RLS26">{{cite news |date=2026-01-06 |title=Racing signs USYNT forward Audrey McKeen to first pro contract |url=https://www.racingloufc.com/news/2026/01/06/audrey-mckeen-first-pro-contract/ |access-date=2026-01-06 |publisher=[[Racing Louisville FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2026, Racing Louisville ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan McKeen zuwa kwangilar sana'arta ta farko a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku, wanda ya sa ta zama ta farko da ta sanya hannu a kulob din.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/10/combined-us-u-19-and-u-18-womens-national-team-draws-portugal-training-camp-matches-europe|title=Combined U.S. U-19 and U-18 Women's National Team Draws 3-3 with Host Portugal to Finish Training Camp and Matches in Europe|date=2025-10-28|publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]|access-date=2026-01-06}}</ref> Ta fara aikinta na farko a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Fischer a cikin asarar 2-1 na bude kakar wasa ga North Carolina Courage . A ranar 7 ga watan Agusta, a farkonta na biyu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a kan Orlando Pride, ta bude kwallaye tare da kai daga kusurwar Katie O'Kane a cikin nasara 3-1.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2026/08/07/nwsl-orlando-pride-racing-louisville/|title= Orlando Pride drop 3-1 home decision to lowly Racing Louisville |last=Foley|first=Kyle|date=2026-08-07|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|access-date=2026-08-07}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == McKeen ya buga wa tawagar Amurka 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2025. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta buga wasannin sada zumunci ga tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni biyu. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka ambata a cikin jerin sunayen 'Yan kasa da shekaru 20 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2026 a Poland . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2026 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Head Coach Vicky Jepson Names 21-Player Roster for 2026 FIFA Under-20 Women's World Cup in Poland |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2026/08/ynt-u20-wnt/vicky-jepson-names-21-player-roster-u20-fifa-world-cup-poland |access-date=August 24, 2026 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Audrey McKeen at FBref.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2mgnr6ymiwez0ppk6cy0rr7hvbzfsne 0 178792 965794 2026-10-10T14:01:31Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374587191|1586 Tenshō earthquake]]" 965794 wikitext text/x-wiki Girgizar kasa ta Tenshō (Japanese: 天正地震, Hepburn: Tenshō Jishin) ta faru ne a Japan a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1586, da karfe 23:00 na lokacin gida. Wannan girgizar ƙasa tana da ƙididdigar Girman girgizar ƙasa (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />MJMA) na 7.9, <ref name="Yamamura">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamura |first=Norika |last2=Kano |first2=Yasuyuki |year=2020 |title=1586年天正地震の震源断層推定の試み: 液状化履歴地点における液状化可能性の検討から |trans-title=Source Fault Estimation of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake by Evaluating the Possibility of Liquefaction |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan) |series=Second Series |language=ja |publisher=Seismological Society of Japan |volume=73 |pages=97–110 |doi=10.4294/zisin.2019-7 |s2cid=229523816 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135513/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> da kuma cibiyar a Yankin Chūbu na [[Honshu]]. Ya haifar da kimanin mutane 8,000 da suka mutu kuma ya lalata gidaje 10,000 a fadin prefectures na Toyama, Hyōgo, Kyōto, [[Gundumar Osaka|Osaka]], Nara, Mie, Aichi, Gifu, Fukui, Ishikawa da Shizuoka. Tarihin tarihi na wannan girgizar kasa ya iyakance saboda ya faru ne a lokacin rikici na Sengoku. == Yanayin tectonic == Tsibirin Honshu yana cikin wani yanki mai rikitarwa tsakanin Pacific, Amurian, Philippine Sea da Okhotsk faranti. Duk da yake babban bangare na haɗuwa yana karɓa ta hanyar subduction tare da Nankai da Japan Trenches, ƙarancin ƙarancin intraplate yana faruwa. Japan Median Tectonic Line da Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Layin manyan yankuna ne guda biyu da ke karɓar wannan lalacewa. Wadannan kuskuren suna da alaƙa da raguwa da raguwa. == Girgizar ƙasa == [[File:Sarugabanbayama_from_Nodanisyojiyama_2010-4-18.JPG|left|thumb|Ana iya ganin alamun rushewar ƙasa a [[Mount Sarugabanba|Dutsen Sarugabanba]].]] Ba a san asalin girgizar ƙasar Tenshō ba, amma masana ilimin ƙasa sun gabatar da kurakurai daban-daban don zama tushen yiwuwar hakan. Har yanzu ana ta muhawara game da yankin laifin da ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa, har ma da yadda girgizar ƙasar ta faru, ta hanyar fashewar tsarin laifi ɗaya ko ma fashewar tsarin laifi da yawa, idan aka yi la'akari da yawan mace-mace da barna a yankuna daban-daban na yankunan Tōkai, Kinki, da Hokuriku. <ref name="Yamamura" /> Binciken yankin meizoseismal ya nuna cewa yankin tushen ya kai kusan {{Cvt|180 × 60|km}} yana faɗaɗa arewa-maso-gabas-kudu-kudu maso yamma daga Wakasa Bay zuwa Ise Bay. <ref name="Hatori">{{Cite journal |last=Hatori |first=Tokutaro |year=2015 |title=1586 年天正地震の震源域と津波 |trans-title=Estimated Source Area of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake and Tsunami |url=http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Historical Earthquake |language=ja |volume=30 |pages=75–80 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423031427/http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Wannan yanki shi ne kuma yankin da girgizar ƙasa ta Mino-Owari ta faru a shekarar 1891 . Tsarin Atera Fault wanda ke gudana ta yankin Chūbu yana da kuskuren arewa maso gabas-kudu maso yammacin hagu-gefe tare da tsawon kilomita 60-70 (37-43 wanda ya fashewa yayin taron.<ref name="Yabe">{{Cite journal |last=Yabe |first=Yasuo |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Kiyohiko |last3=Sato |first3=Namiko |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Comparison of stress state around the Atera fault, central Japan, estimated using boring core samples and by improved hydraulic fracture tests |journal=Earth, Planets and Space |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=257–268 |bibcode=2010EP&S...62..257Y |doi=10.5047/eps.2009.12.002 |s2cid=55740982 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eds. Y. Fujinawa and A. Yoshida |year=2002 |title=Rupturing History of Active Faults during the Last 1000 Years in the Central Japan |url=https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |journal=Seismotectonics in Convergent Plate Boundary |pages=209–218 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925023802/http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-25 |access-date=2021-02-03 |via=Terra Scientific Publishing Company}}</ref> Bayanan yanzu suna nuna cewa girgizar ƙasa a kan kuskuren ba ta da yawa, tare da dogon lokaci tsakanin manyan girgizar kasa na ~1,800 shekaru.<ref name="Yabe" /> Binciken ƙasa ya sami shaidar cewa kuskuren ya fashe a shekara ta 1586.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2004 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Atera fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201228/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> Yankin gandun daji a yankin ya nuna shaidar fashewar en-echelon. An kuma yi tunanin cewa tafkin da ke kusa da shi ya samo asali ne daga girgizar kasa wacce yanzu ta zama filin paddy. Rashin girgizar ƙasa da kwanan wata na radiocarbon sun bayyana cewa abin da ya faru na ƙarshe a kan kuskuren ya faru ne tsakanin 1400 da 1600. <ref name="Yamashita">{{Cite journal |last=Yamashita |first=Futoshi |last2=Mizoguchi |first2=Kazuo |last3=Fukuyama |first3=Eiichi |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Reexamination of the present stress state of the Atera fault system, central Japan, based on the calibrated crustal stress data of hydraulic fracturing tests obtained by measuring the tensile strength of rocks |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=115 |issue=B4 |bibcode=2010JGRB..115.4409Y |doi=10.1029/2009JB006287 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata ya dace da girgizar ƙasa ta 1586 kamar yadda babu wasu rahotanni game da girgiyar ƙasa mai tsanani a yankin da ta faru a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yamashita" /> Ƙarin binciken ya nuna cewa wani tsari, Miboro Fault, wani yanki na arewa maso yammacin Atera Fault shima yana da hannu a cikin girgizar ƙasa, wanda ya kawo kimanin tsagewa zuwa {{Cvt|85|km}} . <ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar da aka ba da shawarar tana kusa da yankin arewa maso yammacin Gifu Prefecture, bisa ga nazarin rarraba lalacewar. [[File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Katō_Kiyomasa.jpg|right|thumb|299x299px|Rubutun katako na 1879 a cikin Yoshitoshi's Mirror of Famous Generals of Great Japan wanda ke nuna cewa Katō Kiyomasa ya ceci Toyotomi Hideyoshi a lokacin girgizar ƙasa ta 1596.]] Additional surveys and drilling found that the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone to the west of the Nōbi Plain may have also ruptured, and corresponds to reports of severe damage in the vicinity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2001 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokaichi fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201838/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> There is also evidence that the last earthquake on that fault zone could have happened between the 13th and 16th century, and it hence corresponds to the time of the earthquake (1586). The Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone is a group of three reverse faults beneath the Nōbi Plain with a total length of {{Cvt|55|km}}. Evidence of faults was further supported by the presence of vertical displacements reflected in the sedimentary layers of the plain. The fault zone was also responsible for an earthquake in 745 AD ([[:ja:天平地震|ja]]), and ten additional events within the past 6,000 years.<ref name="Niwa">{{Cite journal |last=Niwa |first=Yuichi |last2=Sugai |first2=Toshihiko |last3=Yasue |first3=Ken-ichi |year=2012 |title=Activity of the Yoro Fault System Determined from Coseismic Subsidence Events Recorded in the Holocene Delta Sequence of the Nobi Plain, Central Japan |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=1120–1134 |bibcode=2012BuSSA.102.1120N |doi=10.1785/0120110211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522132858/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |archive-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> The blind Yōrō Fault located along the eastern base of the Yōrō Mountains was also identified as a source of the quake. Fold scarps measuring up to {{Cvt|2|m}} high formed during the event was discovered to have extended {{Cvt|60|km}} in length.<ref name="Ishiyama">{{Cite journal |last=Ishiyama |first=Tatsuya |last2=Mueller |first2=Karl |last3=Sato |first3=Hiroshi |last4=Togo |first4=Masami |year=2007 |title=Coseismic fault-related fold model, growth structure, and the historic multisegment blind thrust earthquake on the basement-involved Yoro thrust, central Japan |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=112 |issue=B3 |bibcode=2007JGRB..112.3S07I |doi=10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523131559/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rashin tsibirai a bakin Kogin Kiso a Ise Bay an danganta shi da liquefaction da tsunami, wanda ya haifar da zamewa a kan Ise Bay da Ise Bay Mouth Faults, wanda ke ƙarƙashin teku. === F nagacks da kuma bayan girgizar kasa === Wani fashewa ya faru a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1585, kuma ana zaton ya haifar da fashewar watanni biyu bayan haka. Shirin yana da kimanin girman 6.6. <ref name="Iida" /><ref name="Ikuei">{{Cite journal |last=Muramatsu |first=Ikuei |year=1998 |title=天正地震の震源について |trans-title=Epicenter of the Tensho Earthquake |journal=Seismological Society of Japan Autumn Proceedings |language=ja |volume=C54}}</ref> Girgizar kasa ta haifar da girgizar kasa da aka ji a Kyoto kowace rana na watanni biyu. Girgizar ƙasa guda biyu masu ƙarfi sun girgiza yankin a cikin 1589 da 1596 ([[:ja:慶長伏見地震|ja]]), amma ba su da lalacewa.<ref name="Imamura">{{Cite journal |last=Imamura |first=Akitune |year=1928 |title=Further Note on the Seismic Activity of the Northern Part of Central Japan |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the Imperial Academy |publisher=[[University of Tokyo]] |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=485–488 |doi=10.2183/pjab1912.4.485 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523004044/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan lamari na ƙarshe yana da girman 7.5 kuma ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 1,100 a Kyoto da Sakai.<ref name="zisin">{{Cite web |title=日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 |trans-title=Japan Historical Earthquakes Representative |url=https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602235001/https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=24 May 2022 |publisher=[[Seismological Society of Japan]]}}</ref> == Tsunami == An bayar da rahoton tsunami a Lake Biwa, Wakasa Bay da Ise Bay, <ref name="外岡">{{Cite journal |last=外岡慎一郎 |year=2013 |title=越前・若狭の歴史地震・津波～年表と史料 |url=http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%E5%A4%96%E5%B2%A1%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87-1.pdf |url-status=live |journal=敦賀論叢 |issue=27号 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809051638/http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%e5%a4%96%e5%b2%a1%e8%ab%96%e6%96%87-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> duk da haka waɗannan na iya zama Seiches saboda fashewar ba ta kai ga bakin teku ba. <ref name="Okada">{{Cite journal |last=Okada |first=Atsumasa |year=2011 |title=天正地震とこれを引き起こした活断層 |trans-title=The Tensho earthquake and the active fault that caused it |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Active Fault Research |language=ja |volume=35 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.11462/afr.2011.35_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522140851/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> Tsunami din yana da tsawo na {{Cvt|3|m}} a Ise Bay, yayin da yake Wakasa Bay, an kiyasta ya zama 4-5 . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton guguwa a bakin tekun Tafkin Biwa, ta shiga gidaje kuma ta wanke mazauna da yawa a Nagahama. Ruwa ya lalata yawancin birnin kuma ya mamaye Gidan Nagahama. Akwai mutane sama da 8,000 da suka mutu a Ise Bay saboda tsunami. An yi rikodin mutuwar mutane da yawa a Toyama Bay da kuma Kogin Shō . Binciken da aka yi a Tafkin Suigetsu bai sami wata shaida game da ruwan teku da ya shiga tafkin ba.<ref name="Saito">{{Cite journal |last=Saito |first=Megumi |last2=Yamada |first2=Kazuyoshi |last3=Staff |first3=Richard |last4=Nakagawa |first4=Takeshi |last5=Yonenobu |first5=Hitoshi |last6=Haraguchi |first6=Tsuyoshi |last7=Takemura |first7=Keiji |last8=Ramsey |first8=Christopher |year=2013 |title=水月湖ボーリングコアを用いた天正地震（AD1586）前後の湖底堆積物の分析 |trans-title=An assessment of the magnitude of the AD 1586 Tensho Tsunami inferred from Lake Suigetsu sediment cores |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) |volume=122 |issue=3 |pages=493–501 |bibcode=2013JGCZ..122..493S |doi=10.5026/jgeography.122.493 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523012259/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ya gano ajiyar tsunami a wani filin paddy a Gundumar Ōi, Gundumar Fukui wanda ya kasance tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 16 wanda ya dace da taron.<ref name="Yamamoto">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamoto |first=Hirofumi |last2=Honjo |first2=Sho |last3=Sasaki |first3=Naohiro |last4=Urabe |first4=Atsushi |year=2016 |title=若狭湾沿岸で見出された津波堆積物 |trans-title=Tsunami deposits found along the coast of Wakasa Bay |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=123rd Academic Conference (2016 Tokyo Sakurajosui) |language=ja |location=Tokyo, Japan |publisher=Geological Society of Japan |volume=2016 |doi=10.14863/geosocabst.2016.0_035 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523015746/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen tsunami ba su da yawa kuma an yi kuskuren cewa an yi amfani da shi ne ga wani mummunan raƙuman ruwa a bakin tekun Sanriku a cikin kundin tsunami a cikin shekara ta 1586. <ref>{{Cite web |title=昭和八年三月三日 三陸沖強震及津波報告 |url=http://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919104128/https://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |archive-date=2021-09-19 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Tsunami na Sanriku na 1586 an dauke shi a matsayin abin da ya faru na ƙarya saboda babu wani takardun tarihi na irin wannan taron a cikin 1586. <ref name="Tsuji">{{Cite journal |last=Tsuji |first=Yoshinobu |year=2013 |title=Catalog of Distant Tsunamis Reaching Japan from Chile and Peru |url=https://iisee.kenken.go.jp/lna/download.php?f=201402105c341d10.pdf&n=T0-040-2009_Hydrodynamics_for_Tsunamis_ChilePeru%20%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%88Tsuji%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%89.pdf&cid=T0-040-2009 |journal=Report of Tsunami Engineering |volume=30 |pages=61–68}}</ref> An kuma yi kuskuren tsunami ga girgizar ƙasa ta Peruvian a wannan shekarar.<ref name="Satake_2">{{Cite journal |last=Kenji Satake |last2=Mohammad Heidarzadeh |last3=Marco Quiroz |last4=Rodrigo Cienfuegos |year=2020 |title=History and features of trans-oceanic tsunamis and implications for paleo-tsunami studies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |url-status=live |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=202 |bibcode=2020ESRv..20203112S |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103112 |s2cid=212778611 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185211/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> Tarihin tarihi suna tallafawa faruwar tsunami a bakin tekun Sanriku a watan Yunin shekara ta 1585, wanda aka danganta shi da Babban girgizar ƙasa a Tsibirin Aleutian. <ref name="Satake_2" /><ref name="Butler">{{Cite journal |last=Rhett Butler |last2=David A. Burney |last3=Kenneth H. Rubin |last4=David Walsh |year=2017 |title=The orphan Sanriku tsunami of 1586: new evidence from coral dating on Kaua'i |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=797–819 |bibcode=2017NatHa..88..797B |doi=10.1007/s11069-017-2902-7 |s2cid=134237666}}</ref> == Lalacewar == [[File:Monument_of_Kaerikumo_Castle_Ruins_001.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Abin tunawa ga Kaerikumo Castle, wanda girgizar kasa ta haifar da rushewar ƙasa ta binne. Ana iya ganin alamar rushewar a bango.]] Girgizar ƙasa tana da matsakaicin Ƙarfin JMA na ''Shindo'' 6-7 wanda ya kai daga Noto Peninsula zuwa Lake Biwa . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa tsakanin Nara, Osaka, Toyama da Shizuoka. Babban [[gobara]] ya ɓarke a sakamakon haka. Babban rushewar ƙasa ya faru a arewacin yankin lalacewar wanda tsaunuka suka mamaye. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rushewar ƙasa ya shafe wani sansani gaba ɗaya, yayin da wani ya rushe a lokacin girgizar ƙasa.<ref name=":1" /> Rugujewar ƙasa a kan Kaerikumoyama ta binne Gidan Kaerikumo da gidaje 300, inda ta kashe mutane 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=帰雲城 |url=https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129154213/https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=ニッポン旅マガジン |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=幻の帰雲城 |url=https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525124332/https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=[[Shirakawa, Gifu (village)|Shirakawa]] village |language=ja}}</ref> Gidan Ōgaki ya lalace ta hanyar wuta. An kashe 'yar Yamauchi Kazutoyo guda daya a Nagahama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unkawa |first=Yuzu |date=9 August 2021 |title=戦国大名の運命を大きく変えた大災害「天正地震」秀吉は家康への総攻撃を中止に？ |url=https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531075410/https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Japaaan Magazine |language=ja}}</ref> Akwai rahotanni cewa wasu ƙananan tsibirai a cikin Kogin Kiso sun ɓace sakamakon ruwan da ya sa ruwa ya nutse tsibirin yayin da aka haifar da tsunami a Ise Bay, ya nutsar da dubban mutane. A wurin Nagoya na yanzu, an yi amfani da ruwa mai yawa a ƙasa. An yi rikodin tsaunuka masu fashewa da dicks kuma an gano su a wurare a fili.<ref name=":1" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa a Kyoto, amma haikalinsa sun sami karamin lalacewa.<ref name=":1" /> Haikalin Tō-ji a cikin birni ya lalace sosai kuma an lalata siffofin Buddha sama da 600 a Sanjūsangen-dō. Wani mishan Kirista a yankin ya ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje 60 a Sakai. Motsi na kurakurai da girgiza sun lalata Kogin Kiso Uku sosai, wanda ya haifar da canji mai yawa a cikin tafiyarsa.<ref name="Nishimura">{{Cite web |last=Nishimura |first=Katsuhiro |last2=Okuda |first2=Masao |last3=Kani |first3=Yukihiko |last4=Nakane |first4=Yoji |last5=Hayakawa |first5=Kiyoshi |year=2015 |title=Midstream of Kiso river affected by Tensho mega-earthquake |url=https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531031222/https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A lokacin, Toyotomi Hideyoshi yana shirin yaki da Tokugawa Ieyasu, wanda ya ki miƙa wuya ga ikonsa. Koyaya, sansanin Hideyoshi da hedikwatar, Osaka, sun sami mummunar lalacewa saboda girgizar ƙasa. Sabanin haka, tushe na Ieyasu a Mikawa ya sami lalacewa mai sauƙi. Hideyoshi ya ba da fifiko ga sake gina Osaka kuma ya sauya zuwa hanyar zaman lafiya ga Ieyasu. Ieyasu ya tsere wa bala'i kuma daga baya ya zama lamba biyu a cikin gwamnatin Toyotomi. Bayan mutuwar Hideyoshi, Ieyasu ya kwace mulki kuma ya kafa Tokugawa shogunate, wanda ya dauki shekaru 260.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=秀吉は家康征伐を中止して和解路線に転じ、家康は豊臣政権ナンバー2の座を確保し将来に備えることができた |url=https://bizgate.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO2841587022032018000000 |access-date=8 September 2024 |publisher=Nikkei BizGate}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Japan]] * Jerin girgizar ƙasa ta tarihi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g229ey0yr43601w1op28v4bgj3ikjnh 965797 965794 2026-10-10T14:03:31Z Baffa ali 47435 965797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Girgizar kasa ta Tenshō (Japanese: 天正地震, Hepburn: Tenshō Jishin) ta faru ne a Japan a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1586, da karfe 23:00 na lokacin gida. Wannan girgizar ƙasa tana da ƙididdigar Girman girgizar ƙasa (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />MJMA) na 7.9, <ref name="Yamamura">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamura |first=Norika |last2=Kano |first2=Yasuyuki |year=2020 |title=1586年天正地震の震源断層推定の試み: 液状化履歴地点における液状化可能性の検討から |trans-title=Source Fault Estimation of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake by Evaluating the Possibility of Liquefaction |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan) |series=Second Series |language=ja |publisher=Seismological Society of Japan |volume=73 |pages=97–110 |doi=10.4294/zisin.2019-7 |s2cid=229523816 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135513/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> da kuma cibiyar a Yankin Chūbu na [[Honshu]]. Ya haifar da kimanin mutane 8,000 da suka mutu kuma ya lalata gidaje 10,000 a fadin prefectures na Toyama, Hyōgo, Kyōto, [[Gundumar Osaka|Osaka]], Nara, Mie, Aichi, Gifu, Fukui, Ishikawa da Shizuoka. Tarihin tarihi na wannan girgizar kasa ya iyakance saboda ya faru ne a lokacin rikici na Sengoku. == Yanayin tectonic == Tsibirin Honshu yana cikin wani yanki mai rikitarwa tsakanin Pacific, Amurian, Philippine Sea da Okhotsk faranti. Duk da yake babban bangare na haɗuwa yana karɓa ta hanyar subduction tare da Nankai da Japan Trenches, ƙarancin ƙarancin intraplate yana faruwa. Japan Median Tectonic Line da Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Layin manyan yankuna ne guda biyu da ke karɓar wannan lalacewa. Wadannan kuskuren suna da alaƙa da raguwa da raguwa. == Girgizar ƙasa == [[File:Sarugabanbayama_from_Nodanisyojiyama_2010-4-18.JPG|left|thumb|Ana iya ganin alamun rushewar ƙasa a [[Mount Sarugabanba|Dutsen Sarugabanba]].]] Ba a san asalin girgizar ƙasar Tenshō ba, amma masana ilimin ƙasa sun gabatar da kurakurai daban-daban don zama tushen yiwuwar hakan. Har yanzu ana ta muhawara game da yankin laifin da ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa, har ma da yadda girgizar ƙasar ta faru, ta hanyar fashewar tsarin laifi ɗaya ko ma fashewar tsarin laifi da yawa, idan aka yi la'akari da yawan mace-mace da barna a yankuna daban-daban na yankunan Tōkai, Kinki, da Hokuriku. <ref name="Yamamura" /> Binciken yankin meizoseismal ya nuna cewa yankin tushen ya kai kusan {{Cvt|180 × 60|km}} yana faɗaɗa arewa-maso-gabas-kudu-kudu maso yamma daga Wakasa Bay zuwa Ise Bay. <ref name="Hatori">{{Cite journal |last=Hatori |first=Tokutaro |year=2015 |title=1586 年天正地震の震源域と津波 |trans-title=Estimated Source Area of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake and Tsunami |url=http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Historical Earthquake |language=ja |volume=30 |pages=75–80 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423031427/http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Wannan yanki shi ne kuma yankin da girgizar ƙasa ta Mino-Owari ta faru a shekarar 1891 . Tsarin Atera Fault wanda ke gudana ta yankin Chūbu yana da kuskuren arewa maso gabas-kudu maso yammacin hagu-gefe tare da tsawon kilomita 60-70 (37-43 wanda ya fashewa yayin taron.<ref name="Yabe">{{Cite journal |last=Yabe |first=Yasuo |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Kiyohiko |last3=Sato |first3=Namiko |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Comparison of stress state around the Atera fault, central Japan, estimated using boring core samples and by improved hydraulic fracture tests |journal=Earth, Planets and Space |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=257–268 |bibcode=2010EP&S...62..257Y |doi=10.5047/eps.2009.12.002 |s2cid=55740982 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eds. Y. Fujinawa and A. Yoshida |year=2002 |title=Rupturing History of Active Faults during the Last 1000 Years in the Central Japan |url=https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |journal=Seismotectonics in Convergent Plate Boundary |pages=209–218 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925023802/http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-25 |access-date=2021-02-03 |via=Terra Scientific Publishing Company}}</ref> Bayanan yanzu suna nuna cewa girgizar ƙasa a kan kuskuren ba ta da yawa, tare da dogon lokaci tsakanin manyan girgizar kasa na ~1,800 shekaru.<ref name="Yabe" /> Binciken ƙasa ya sami shaidar cewa kuskuren ya fashe a shekara ta 1586.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2004 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Atera fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201228/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> Yankin gandun daji a yankin ya nuna shaidar fashewar en-echelon. An kuma yi tunanin cewa tafkin da ke kusa da shi ya samo asali ne daga girgizar kasa wacce yanzu ta zama filin paddy. Rashin girgizar ƙasa da kwanan wata na radiocarbon sun bayyana cewa abin da ya faru na ƙarshe a kan kuskuren ya faru ne tsakanin 1400 da 1600. <ref name="Yamashita">{{Cite journal |last=Yamashita |first=Futoshi |last2=Mizoguchi |first2=Kazuo |last3=Fukuyama |first3=Eiichi |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Reexamination of the present stress state of the Atera fault system, central Japan, based on the calibrated crustal stress data of hydraulic fracturing tests obtained by measuring the tensile strength of rocks |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=115 |issue=B4 |bibcode=2010JGRB..115.4409Y |doi=10.1029/2009JB006287 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata ya dace da girgizar ƙasa ta 1586 kamar yadda babu wasu rahotanni game da girgiyar ƙasa mai tsanani a yankin da ta faru a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yamashita" /> Ƙarin binciken ya nuna cewa wani tsari, Miboro Fault, wani yanki na arewa maso yammacin Atera Fault shima yana da hannu a cikin girgizar ƙasa, wanda ya kawo kimanin tsagewa zuwa {{Cvt|85|km}} . <ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar da aka ba da shawarar tana kusa da yankin arewa maso yammacin Gifu Prefecture, bisa ga nazarin rarraba lalacewar. [[File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Katō_Kiyomasa.jpg|right|thumb|299x299px|Rubutun katako na 1879 a cikin Yoshitoshi's Mirror of Famous Generals of Great Japan wanda ke nuna cewa Katō Kiyomasa ya ceci Toyotomi Hideyoshi a lokacin girgizar ƙasa ta 1596.]] Additional surveys and drilling found that the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone to the west of the Nōbi Plain may have also ruptured, and corresponds to reports of severe damage in the vicinity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2001 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokaichi fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201838/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> There is also evidence that the last earthquake on that fault zone could have happened between the 13th and 16th century, and it hence corresponds to the time of the earthquake (1586). The Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone is a group of three reverse faults beneath the Nōbi Plain with a total length of {{Cvt|55|km}}. Evidence of faults was further supported by the presence of vertical displacements reflected in the sedimentary layers of the plain. The fault zone was also responsible for an earthquake in 745 AD ([[:ja:天平地震|ja]]), and ten additional events within the past 6,000 years.<ref name="Niwa">{{Cite journal |last=Niwa |first=Yuichi |last2=Sugai |first2=Toshihiko |last3=Yasue |first3=Ken-ichi |year=2012 |title=Activity of the Yoro Fault System Determined from Coseismic Subsidence Events Recorded in the Holocene Delta Sequence of the Nobi Plain, Central Japan |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=1120–1134 |bibcode=2012BuSSA.102.1120N |doi=10.1785/0120110211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522132858/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |archive-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> The blind Yōrō Fault located along the eastern base of the Yōrō Mountains was also identified as a source of the quake. Fold scarps measuring up to {{Cvt|2|m}} high formed during the event was discovered to have extended {{Cvt|60|km}} in length.<ref name="Ishiyama">{{Cite journal |last=Ishiyama |first=Tatsuya |last2=Mueller |first2=Karl |last3=Sato |first3=Hiroshi |last4=Togo |first4=Masami |year=2007 |title=Coseismic fault-related fold model, growth structure, and the historic multisegment blind thrust earthquake on the basement-involved Yoro thrust, central Japan |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=112 |issue=B3 |bibcode=2007JGRB..112.3S07I |doi=10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523131559/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rashin tsibirai a bakin Kogin Kiso a Ise Bay an danganta shi da liquefaction da tsunami, wanda ya haifar da zamewa a kan Ise Bay da Ise Bay Mouth Faults, wanda ke ƙarƙashin teku. === F nagacks da kuma bayan girgizar kasa === Wani fashewa ya faru a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1585, kuma ana zaton ya haifar da fashewar watanni biyu bayan haka. Shirin yana da kimanin girman 6.6. <ref name="Iida" /><ref name="Ikuei">{{Cite journal |last=Muramatsu |first=Ikuei |year=1998 |title=天正地震の震源について |trans-title=Epicenter of the Tensho Earthquake |journal=Seismological Society of Japan Autumn Proceedings |language=ja |volume=C54}}</ref> Girgizar kasa ta haifar da girgizar kasa da aka ji a Kyoto kowace rana na watanni biyu. Girgizar ƙasa guda biyu masu ƙarfi sun girgiza yankin a cikin 1589 da 1596 ([[:ja:慶長伏見地震|ja]]), amma ba su da lalacewa.<ref name="Imamura">{{Cite journal |last=Imamura |first=Akitune |year=1928 |title=Further Note on the Seismic Activity of the Northern Part of Central Japan |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the Imperial Academy |publisher=[[University of Tokyo]] |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=485–488 |doi=10.2183/pjab1912.4.485 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523004044/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan lamari na ƙarshe yana da girman 7.5 kuma ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 1,100 a Kyoto da Sakai.<ref name="zisin">{{Cite web |title=日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 |trans-title=Japan Historical Earthquakes Representative |url=https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602235001/https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=24 May 2022 |publisher=[[Seismological Society of Japan]]}}</ref> == Tsunami == An bayar da rahoton tsunami a Lake Biwa, Wakasa Bay da Ise Bay, <ref name="外岡">{{Cite journal |last=外岡慎一郎 |year=2013 |title=越前・若狭の歴史地震・津波～年表と史料 |url=http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%E5%A4%96%E5%B2%A1%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87-1.pdf |url-status=live |journal=敦賀論叢 |issue=27号 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809051638/http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%e5%a4%96%e5%b2%a1%e8%ab%96%e6%96%87-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> duk da haka waɗannan na iya zama Seiches saboda fashewar ba ta kai ga bakin teku ba. <ref name="Okada">{{Cite journal |last=Okada |first=Atsumasa |year=2011 |title=天正地震とこれを引き起こした活断層 |trans-title=The Tensho earthquake and the active fault that caused it |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Active Fault Research |language=ja |volume=35 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.11462/afr.2011.35_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522140851/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> Tsunami din yana da tsawo na {{Cvt|3|m}} a Ise Bay, yayin da yake Wakasa Bay, an kiyasta ya zama 4-5 . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton guguwa a bakin tekun Tafkin Biwa, ta shiga gidaje kuma ta wanke mazauna da yawa a Nagahama. Ruwa ya lalata yawancin birnin kuma ya mamaye Gidan Nagahama. Akwai mutane sama da 8,000 da suka mutu a Ise Bay saboda tsunami. An yi rikodin mutuwar mutane da yawa a Toyama Bay da kuma Kogin Shō . Binciken da aka yi a Tafkin Suigetsu bai sami wata shaida game da ruwan teku da ya shiga tafkin ba.<ref name="Saito">{{Cite journal |last=Saito |first=Megumi |last2=Yamada |first2=Kazuyoshi |last3=Staff |first3=Richard |last4=Nakagawa |first4=Takeshi |last5=Yonenobu |first5=Hitoshi |last6=Haraguchi |first6=Tsuyoshi |last7=Takemura |first7=Keiji |last8=Ramsey |first8=Christopher |year=2013 |title=水月湖ボーリングコアを用いた天正地震（AD1586）前後の湖底堆積物の分析 |trans-title=An assessment of the magnitude of the AD 1586 Tensho Tsunami inferred from Lake Suigetsu sediment cores |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) |volume=122 |issue=3 |pages=493–501 |bibcode=2013JGCZ..122..493S |doi=10.5026/jgeography.122.493 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523012259/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ya gano ajiyar tsunami a wani filin paddy a Gundumar Ōi, Gundumar Fukui wanda ya kasance tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 16 wanda ya dace da taron.<ref name="Yamamoto">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamoto |first=Hirofumi |last2=Honjo |first2=Sho |last3=Sasaki |first3=Naohiro |last4=Urabe |first4=Atsushi |year=2016 |title=若狭湾沿岸で見出された津波堆積物 |trans-title=Tsunami deposits found along the coast of Wakasa Bay |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=123rd Academic Conference (2016 Tokyo Sakurajosui) |language=ja |location=Tokyo, Japan |publisher=Geological Society of Japan |volume=2016 |doi=10.14863/geosocabst.2016.0_035 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523015746/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen tsunami ba su da yawa kuma an yi kuskuren cewa an yi amfani da shi ne ga wani mummunan raƙuman ruwa a bakin tekun Sanriku a cikin kundin tsunami a cikin shekara ta 1586. <ref>{{Cite web |title=昭和八年三月三日 三陸沖強震及津波報告 |url=http://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919104128/https://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |archive-date=2021-09-19 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Tsunami na Sanriku na 1586 an dauke shi a matsayin abin da ya faru na ƙarya saboda babu wani takardun tarihi na irin wannan taron a cikin 1586. <ref name="Tsuji">{{Cite journal |last=Tsuji |first=Yoshinobu |year=2013 |title=Catalog of Distant Tsunamis Reaching Japan from Chile and Peru |url=https://iisee.kenken.go.jp/lna/download.php?f=201402105c341d10.pdf&n=T0-040-2009_Hydrodynamics_for_Tsunamis_ChilePeru%20%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%88Tsuji%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%89.pdf&cid=T0-040-2009 |journal=Report of Tsunami Engineering |volume=30 |pages=61–68}}</ref> An kuma yi kuskuren tsunami ga girgizar ƙasa ta Peruvian a wannan shekarar.<ref name="Satake_2">{{Cite journal |last=Kenji Satake |last2=Mohammad Heidarzadeh |last3=Marco Quiroz |last4=Rodrigo Cienfuegos |year=2020 |title=History and features of trans-oceanic tsunamis and implications for paleo-tsunami studies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |url-status=live |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=202 |bibcode=2020ESRv..20203112S |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103112 |s2cid=212778611 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185211/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> Tarihin tarihi suna tallafawa faruwar tsunami a bakin tekun Sanriku a watan Yunin shekara ta 1585, wanda aka danganta shi da Babban girgizar ƙasa a Tsibirin Aleutian. <ref name="Satake_2" /><ref name="Butler">{{Cite journal |last=Rhett Butler |last2=David A. Burney |last3=Kenneth H. Rubin |last4=David Walsh |year=2017 |title=The orphan Sanriku tsunami of 1586: new evidence from coral dating on Kaua'i |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=797–819 |bibcode=2017NatHa..88..797B |doi=10.1007/s11069-017-2902-7 |s2cid=134237666}}</ref> == Lalacewar == [[File:Monument_of_Kaerikumo_Castle_Ruins_001.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Abin tunawa ga Kaerikumo Castle, wanda girgizar kasa ta haifar da rushewar ƙasa ta binne. Ana iya ganin alamar rushewar a bango.]] Girgizar ƙasa tana da matsakaicin Ƙarfin JMA na ''Shindo'' 6-7 wanda ya kai daga Noto Peninsula zuwa Lake Biwa . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa tsakanin Nara, Osaka, Toyama da Shizuoka. Babban [[gobara]] ya ɓarke a sakamakon haka. Babban rushewar ƙasa ya faru a arewacin yankin lalacewar wanda tsaunuka suka mamaye. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rushewar ƙasa ya shafe wani sansani gaba ɗaya, yayin da wani ya rushe a lokacin girgizar ƙasa.<ref name=":1" /> Rugujewar ƙasa a kan Kaerikumoyama ta binne Gidan Kaerikumo da gidaje 300, inda ta kashe mutane 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=帰雲城 |url=https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129154213/https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=ニッポン旅マガジン |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=幻の帰雲城 |url=https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525124332/https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=[[Shirakawa, Gifu (village)|Shirakawa]] village |language=ja}}</ref> Gidan Ōgaki ya lalace ta hanyar wuta. An kashe 'yar Yamauchi Kazutoyo guda daya a Nagahama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unkawa |first=Yuzu |date=9 August 2021 |title=戦国大名の運命を大きく変えた大災害「天正地震」秀吉は家康への総攻撃を中止に？ |url=https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531075410/https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Japaaan Magazine |language=ja}}</ref> Akwai rahotanni cewa wasu ƙananan tsibirai a cikin Kogin Kiso sun ɓace sakamakon ruwan da ya sa ruwa ya nutse tsibirin yayin da aka haifar da tsunami a Ise Bay, ya nutsar da dubban mutane. A wurin Nagoya na yanzu, an yi amfani da ruwa mai yawa a ƙasa. An yi rikodin tsaunuka masu fashewa da dicks kuma an gano su a wurare a fili.<ref name=":1" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa a Kyoto, amma haikalinsa sun sami karamin lalacewa.<ref name=":1" /> Haikalin Tō-ji a cikin birni ya lalace sosai kuma an lalata siffofin Buddha sama da 600 a Sanjūsangen-dō. Wani mishan Kirista a yankin ya ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje 60 a Sakai. Motsi na kurakurai da girgiza sun lalata Kogin Kiso Uku sosai, wanda ya haifar da canji mai yawa a cikin tafiyarsa.<ref name="Nishimura">{{Cite web |last=Nishimura |first=Katsuhiro |last2=Okuda |first2=Masao |last3=Kani |first3=Yukihiko |last4=Nakane |first4=Yoji |last5=Hayakawa |first5=Kiyoshi |year=2015 |title=Midstream of Kiso river affected by Tensho mega-earthquake |url=https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531031222/https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A lokacin, Toyotomi Hideyoshi yana shirin yaki da Tokugawa Ieyasu, wanda ya ki miƙa wuya ga ikonsa. Koyaya, sansanin Hideyoshi da hedikwatar, Osaka, sun sami mummunar lalacewa saboda girgizar ƙasa. Sabanin haka, tushe na Ieyasu a Mikawa ya sami lalacewa mai sauƙi. Hideyoshi ya ba da fifiko ga sake gina Osaka kuma ya sauya zuwa hanyar zaman lafiya ga Ieyasu. Ieyasu ya tsere wa bala'i kuma daga baya ya zama lamba biyu a cikin gwamnatin Toyotomi. Bayan mutuwar Hideyoshi, Ieyasu ya kwace mulki kuma ya kafa Tokugawa shogunate, wanda ya dauki shekaru 260.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=秀吉は家康征伐を中止して和解路線に転じ、家康は豊臣政権ナンバー2の座を確保し将来に備えることができた |url=https://bizgate.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO2841587022032018000000 |access-date=8 September 2024 |publisher=Nikkei BizGate}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Japan]] * Jerin girgizar ƙasa ta tarihi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ah76y67sx0ra5ytv3t8gtv0900t2wol 965798 965797 2026-10-10T14:04:17Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Yanayin tectonic */ 965798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Girgizar kasa ta Tenshō (Japanese: 天正地震, Hepburn: Tenshō Jishin) ta faru ne a Japan a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1586, da karfe 23:00 na lokacin gida. Wannan girgizar ƙasa tana da ƙididdigar Girman girgizar ƙasa (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />MJMA) na 7.9, <ref name="Yamamura">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamura |first=Norika |last2=Kano |first2=Yasuyuki |year=2020 |title=1586年天正地震の震源断層推定の試み: 液状化履歴地点における液状化可能性の検討から |trans-title=Source Fault Estimation of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake by Evaluating the Possibility of Liquefaction |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan) |series=Second Series |language=ja |publisher=Seismological Society of Japan |volume=73 |pages=97–110 |doi=10.4294/zisin.2019-7 |s2cid=229523816 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135513/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zisin/73/0/73_2019-7/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> da kuma cibiyar a Yankin Chūbu na [[Honshu]]. Ya haifar da kimanin mutane 8,000 da suka mutu kuma ya lalata gidaje 10,000 a fadin prefectures na Toyama, Hyōgo, Kyōto, [[Gundumar Osaka|Osaka]], Nara, Mie, Aichi, Gifu, Fukui, Ishikawa da Shizuoka. Tarihin tarihi na wannan girgizar kasa ya iyakance saboda ya faru ne a lokacin rikici na Sengoku. == Yanayin tectonic == Tsibirin Honshu yana cikin wani yanki mai rikitarwa tsakanin Pacific, Amurian, Philippine Sea da Okhotsk faranti. Duk da yake babban bangare na haɗuwa yana karɓa ta hanyar subduction tare da Nankai da Japan Trenches, ƙarancin ƙarancin intraplate yana faruwa. Japan Median Tectonic Line da Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Layin manyan yankuna ne guda biyu da ke karɓar wannan lalacewa. Wadannan kuskuren suna da alaƙa da raguwa da raguwa.<ref name="Kanaori" /> == Girgizar ƙasa == [[File:Sarugabanbayama_from_Nodanisyojiyama_2010-4-18.JPG|left|thumb|Ana iya ganin alamun rushewar ƙasa a [[Mount Sarugabanba|Dutsen Sarugabanba]].]] Ba a san asalin girgizar ƙasar Tenshō ba, amma masana ilimin ƙasa sun gabatar da kurakurai daban-daban don zama tushen yiwuwar hakan. Har yanzu ana ta muhawara game da yankin laifin da ya haifar da girgizar ƙasa, har ma da yadda girgizar ƙasar ta faru, ta hanyar fashewar tsarin laifi ɗaya ko ma fashewar tsarin laifi da yawa, idan aka yi la'akari da yawan mace-mace da barna a yankuna daban-daban na yankunan Tōkai, Kinki, da Hokuriku. <ref name="Yamamura" /> Binciken yankin meizoseismal ya nuna cewa yankin tushen ya kai kusan {{Cvt|180 × 60|km}} yana faɗaɗa arewa-maso-gabas-kudu-kudu maso yamma daga Wakasa Bay zuwa Ise Bay. <ref name="Hatori">{{Cite journal |last=Hatori |first=Tokutaro |year=2015 |title=1586 年天正地震の震源域と津波 |trans-title=Estimated Source Area of the 1586 Tensho Earthquake and Tsunami |url=http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Historical Earthquake |language=ja |volume=30 |pages=75–80 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423031427/http://www.histeq.jp/kaishi_30/HE30_075_080_Hatori.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Wannan yanki shi ne kuma yankin da girgizar ƙasa ta Mino-Owari ta faru a shekarar 1891 . Tsarin Atera Fault wanda ke gudana ta yankin Chūbu yana da kuskuren arewa maso gabas-kudu maso yammacin hagu-gefe tare da tsawon kilomita 60-70 (37-43 wanda ya fashewa yayin taron.<ref name="Yabe">{{Cite journal |last=Yabe |first=Yasuo |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Kiyohiko |last3=Sato |first3=Namiko |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Comparison of stress state around the Atera fault, central Japan, estimated using boring core samples and by improved hydraulic fracture tests |journal=Earth, Planets and Space |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=257–268 |bibcode=2010EP&S...62..257Y |doi=10.5047/eps.2009.12.002 |s2cid=55740982 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eds. Y. Fujinawa and A. Yoshida |year=2002 |title=Rupturing History of Active Faults during the Last 1000 Years in the Central Japan |url=https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |journal=Seismotectonics in Convergent Plate Boundary |pages=209–218 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925023802/http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/scpb/pdf/209.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-25 |access-date=2021-02-03 |via=Terra Scientific Publishing Company}}</ref> Bayanan yanzu suna nuna cewa girgizar ƙasa a kan kuskuren ba ta da yawa, tare da dogon lokaci tsakanin manyan girgizar kasa na ~1,800 shekaru.<ref name="Yabe" /> Binciken ƙasa ya sami shaidar cewa kuskuren ya fashe a shekara ta 1586.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2004 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Atera fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201228/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/52_atera.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> Yankin gandun daji a yankin ya nuna shaidar fashewar en-echelon. An kuma yi tunanin cewa tafkin da ke kusa da shi ya samo asali ne daga girgizar kasa wacce yanzu ta zama filin paddy. Rashin girgizar ƙasa da kwanan wata na radiocarbon sun bayyana cewa abin da ya faru na ƙarshe a kan kuskuren ya faru ne tsakanin 1400 da 1600. <ref name="Yamashita">{{Cite journal |last=Yamashita |first=Futoshi |last2=Mizoguchi |first2=Kazuo |last3=Fukuyama |first3=Eiichi |last4=Omura |first4=Kentaro |year=2010 |title=Reexamination of the present stress state of the Atera fault system, central Japan, based on the calibrated crustal stress data of hydraulic fracturing tests obtained by measuring the tensile strength of rocks |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=115 |issue=B4 |bibcode=2010JGRB..115.4409Y |doi=10.1029/2009JB006287 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan kwanan wata ya dace da girgizar ƙasa ta 1586 kamar yadda babu wasu rahotanni game da girgiyar ƙasa mai tsanani a yankin da ta faru a wannan lokacin.<ref name="Yamashita" /> Ƙarin binciken ya nuna cewa wani tsari, Miboro Fault, wani yanki na arewa maso yammacin Atera Fault shima yana da hannu a cikin girgizar ƙasa, wanda ya kawo kimanin tsagewa zuwa {{Cvt|85|km}} . <ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar da aka ba da shawarar tana kusa da yankin arewa maso yammacin Gifu Prefecture, bisa ga nazarin rarraba lalacewar. [[File:Toyotomi_Hideyoshi_and_Katō_Kiyomasa.jpg|right|thumb|299x299px|Rubutun katako na 1879 a cikin Yoshitoshi's Mirror of Famous Generals of Great Japan wanda ke nuna cewa Katō Kiyomasa ya ceci Toyotomi Hideyoshi a lokacin girgizar ƙasa ta 1596.]] Additional surveys and drilling found that the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone to the west of the Nōbi Plain may have also ruptured, and corresponds to reports of severe damage in the vicinity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion Earthquake Research Committee |year=2001 |title=Long-term evaluation of the Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokaichi fault zone |url=https://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322201838/http://www.jishin.go.jp/main/chousa/katsudansou_pdf/67_yoro_kuwana_yokkaichi.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-22 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion |language=Japanese}}</ref> There is also evidence that the last earthquake on that fault zone could have happened between the 13th and 16th century, and it hence corresponds to the time of the earthquake (1586). The Yōrō-Kuwana-Yokkaichi Fault Zone is a group of three reverse faults beneath the Nōbi Plain with a total length of {{Cvt|55|km}}. Evidence of faults was further supported by the presence of vertical displacements reflected in the sedimentary layers of the plain. The fault zone was also responsible for an earthquake in 745 AD ([[:ja:天平地震|ja]]), and ten additional events within the past 6,000 years.<ref name="Niwa">{{Cite journal |last=Niwa |first=Yuichi |last2=Sugai |first2=Toshihiko |last3=Yasue |first3=Ken-ichi |year=2012 |title=Activity of the Yoro Fault System Determined from Coseismic Subsidence Events Recorded in the Holocene Delta Sequence of the Nobi Plain, Central Japan |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=1120–1134 |bibcode=2012BuSSA.102.1120N |doi=10.1785/0120110211 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522132858/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.901.1662&rep=rep1&type=pdf |archive-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> The blind Yōrō Fault located along the eastern base of the Yōrō Mountains was also identified as a source of the quake. Fold scarps measuring up to {{Cvt|2|m}} high formed during the event was discovered to have extended {{Cvt|60|km}} in length.<ref name="Ishiyama">{{Cite journal |last=Ishiyama |first=Tatsuya |last2=Mueller |first2=Karl |last3=Sato |first3=Hiroshi |last4=Togo |first4=Masami |year=2007 |title=Coseismic fault-related fold model, growth structure, and the historic multisegment blind thrust earthquake on the basement-involved Yoro thrust, central Japan |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |volume=112 |issue=B3 |bibcode=2007JGRB..112.3S07I |doi=10.1029/2006JB004377 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523131559/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006JB004377 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rashin tsibirai a bakin Kogin Kiso a Ise Bay an danganta shi da liquefaction da tsunami, wanda ya haifar da zamewa a kan Ise Bay da Ise Bay Mouth Faults, wanda ke ƙarƙashin teku. === F nagacks da kuma bayan girgizar kasa === Wani fashewa ya faru a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, 1585, kuma ana zaton ya haifar da fashewar watanni biyu bayan haka. Shirin yana da kimanin girman 6.6. <ref name="Iida" /><ref name="Ikuei">{{Cite journal |last=Muramatsu |first=Ikuei |year=1998 |title=天正地震の震源について |trans-title=Epicenter of the Tensho Earthquake |journal=Seismological Society of Japan Autumn Proceedings |language=ja |volume=C54}}</ref> Girgizar kasa ta haifar da girgizar kasa da aka ji a Kyoto kowace rana na watanni biyu. Girgizar ƙasa guda biyu masu ƙarfi sun girgiza yankin a cikin 1589 da 1596 ([[:ja:慶長伏見地震|ja]]), amma ba su da lalacewa.<ref name="Imamura">{{Cite journal |last=Imamura |first=Akitune |year=1928 |title=Further Note on the Seismic Activity of the Northern Part of Central Japan |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |url-status=live |journal=Proceedings of the Imperial Academy |publisher=[[University of Tokyo]] |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=485–488 |doi=10.2183/pjab1912.4.485 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523004044/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pjab1912/4/8/4_8_485/_pdf |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan lamari na ƙarshe yana da girman 7.5 kuma ya haifar da akalla mutuwar mutane 1,100 a Kyoto da Sakai.<ref name="zisin">{{Cite web |title=日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 |trans-title=Japan Historical Earthquakes Representative |url=https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602235001/https://www.zisin.jp/publications/document05_02.html |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=24 May 2022 |publisher=[[Seismological Society of Japan]]}}</ref> == Tsunami == An bayar da rahoton tsunami a Lake Biwa, Wakasa Bay da Ise Bay, <ref name="外岡">{{Cite journal |last=外岡慎一郎 |year=2013 |title=越前・若狭の歴史地震・津波～年表と史料 |url=http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%E5%A4%96%E5%B2%A1%E8%AB%96%E6%96%87-1.pdf |url-status=live |journal=敦賀論叢 |issue=27号 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809051638/http://crf.flib.u-fukui.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10461/14994/1/201303%e5%a4%96%e5%b2%a1%e8%ab%96%e6%96%87-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-09 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> duk da haka waɗannan na iya zama Seiches saboda fashewar ba ta kai ga bakin teku ba. <ref name="Okada">{{Cite journal |last=Okada |first=Atsumasa |year=2011 |title=天正地震とこれを引き起こした活断層 |trans-title=The Tensho earthquake and the active fault that caused it |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Active Fault Research |language=ja |volume=35 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.11462/afr.2011.35_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522140851/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/afr/2011/35/2011_1/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22}}</ref> Tsunami din yana da tsawo na {{Cvt|3|m}} a Ise Bay, yayin da yake Wakasa Bay, an kiyasta ya zama 4-5 . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton guguwa a bakin tekun Tafkin Biwa, ta shiga gidaje kuma ta wanke mazauna da yawa a Nagahama. Ruwa ya lalata yawancin birnin kuma ya mamaye Gidan Nagahama. Akwai mutane sama da 8,000 da suka mutu a Ise Bay saboda tsunami. An yi rikodin mutuwar mutane da yawa a Toyama Bay da kuma Kogin Shō . Binciken da aka yi a Tafkin Suigetsu bai sami wata shaida game da ruwan teku da ya shiga tafkin ba.<ref name="Saito">{{Cite journal |last=Saito |first=Megumi |last2=Yamada |first2=Kazuyoshi |last3=Staff |first3=Richard |last4=Nakagawa |first4=Takeshi |last5=Yonenobu |first5=Hitoshi |last6=Haraguchi |first6=Tsuyoshi |last7=Takemura |first7=Keiji |last8=Ramsey |first8=Christopher |year=2013 |title=水月湖ボーリングコアを用いた天正地震（AD1586）前後の湖底堆積物の分析 |trans-title=An assessment of the magnitude of the AD 1586 Tensho Tsunami inferred from Lake Suigetsu sediment cores |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) |volume=122 |issue=3 |pages=493–501 |bibcode=2013JGCZ..122..493S |doi=10.5026/jgeography.122.493 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523012259/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgeography/122/3/122_122.493/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015 ya gano ajiyar tsunami a wani filin paddy a Gundumar Ōi, Gundumar Fukui wanda ya kasance tsakanin ƙarni na 14 da 16 wanda ya dace da taron.<ref name="Yamamoto">{{Cite journal |last=Yamamoto |first=Hirofumi |last2=Honjo |first2=Sho |last3=Sasaki |first3=Naohiro |last4=Urabe |first4=Atsushi |year=2016 |title=若狭湾沿岸で見出された津波堆積物 |trans-title=Tsunami deposits found along the coast of Wakasa Bay |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |url-status=live |journal=123rd Academic Conference (2016 Tokyo Sakurajosui) |language=ja |location=Tokyo, Japan |publisher=Geological Society of Japan |volume=2016 |doi=10.14863/geosocabst.2016.0_035 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523015746/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geosocabst/2016/0/2016_035/_article/-char/ja/ |archive-date=2022-05-23 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen tsunami ba su da yawa kuma an yi kuskuren cewa an yi amfani da shi ne ga wani mummunan raƙuman ruwa a bakin tekun Sanriku a cikin kundin tsunami a cikin shekara ta 1586. <ref>{{Cite web |title=昭和八年三月三日 三陸沖強震及津波報告 |url=http://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919104128/https://tsunami-dl.jp/document/033 |archive-date=2021-09-19 |access-date=2022-05-23}}</ref> Tsunami na Sanriku na 1586 an dauke shi a matsayin abin da ya faru na ƙarya saboda babu wani takardun tarihi na irin wannan taron a cikin 1586. <ref name="Tsuji">{{Cite journal |last=Tsuji |first=Yoshinobu |year=2013 |title=Catalog of Distant Tsunamis Reaching Japan from Chile and Peru |url=https://iisee.kenken.go.jp/lna/download.php?f=201402105c341d10.pdf&n=T0-040-2009_Hydrodynamics_for_Tsunamis_ChilePeru%20%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%88Tsuji%C3%AF%C2%BC%C2%89.pdf&cid=T0-040-2009 |journal=Report of Tsunami Engineering |volume=30 |pages=61–68}}</ref> An kuma yi kuskuren tsunami ga girgizar ƙasa ta Peruvian a wannan shekarar.<ref name="Satake_2">{{Cite journal |last=Kenji Satake |last2=Mohammad Heidarzadeh |last3=Marco Quiroz |last4=Rodrigo Cienfuegos |year=2020 |title=History and features of trans-oceanic tsunamis and implications for paleo-tsunami studies |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |url-status=live |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=202 |bibcode=2020ESRv..20203112S |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103112 |s2cid=212778611 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185211/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825219306440 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> Tarihin tarihi suna tallafawa faruwar tsunami a bakin tekun Sanriku a watan Yunin shekara ta 1585, wanda aka danganta shi da Babban girgizar ƙasa a Tsibirin Aleutian. <ref name="Satake_2" /><ref name="Butler">{{Cite journal |last=Rhett Butler |last2=David A. Burney |last3=Kenneth H. Rubin |last4=David Walsh |year=2017 |title=The orphan Sanriku tsunami of 1586: new evidence from coral dating on Kaua'i |journal=Natural Hazards |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=797–819 |bibcode=2017NatHa..88..797B |doi=10.1007/s11069-017-2902-7 |s2cid=134237666}}</ref> == Lalacewar == [[File:Monument_of_Kaerikumo_Castle_Ruins_001.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|Abin tunawa ga Kaerikumo Castle, wanda girgizar kasa ta haifar da rushewar ƙasa ta binne. Ana iya ganin alamar rushewar a bango.]] Girgizar ƙasa tana da matsakaicin Ƙarfin JMA na ''Shindo'' 6-7 wanda ya kai daga Noto Peninsula zuwa Lake Biwa . <ref name="Hatori" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa tsakanin Nara, Osaka, Toyama da Shizuoka. Babban [[gobara]] ya ɓarke a sakamakon haka. Babban rushewar ƙasa ya faru a arewacin yankin lalacewar wanda tsaunuka suka mamaye. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rushewar ƙasa ya shafe wani sansani gaba ɗaya, yayin da wani ya rushe a lokacin girgizar ƙasa.<ref name=":1" /> Rugujewar ƙasa a kan Kaerikumoyama ta binne Gidan Kaerikumo da gidaje 300, inda ta kashe mutane 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=帰雲城 |url=https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129154213/https://tabi-mag.jp/gi0204/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=ニッポン旅マガジン |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=幻の帰雲城 |url=https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525124332/https://www.vill.shirakawa.lg.jp/1228.htm |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=[[Shirakawa, Gifu (village)|Shirakawa]] village |language=ja}}</ref> Gidan Ōgaki ya lalace ta hanyar wuta. An kashe 'yar Yamauchi Kazutoyo guda daya a Nagahama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Unkawa |first=Yuzu |date=9 August 2021 |title=戦国大名の運命を大きく変えた大災害「天正地震」秀吉は家康への総攻撃を中止に？ |url=https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531075410/https://mag.japaaan.com/archives/155203 |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Japaaan Magazine |language=ja}}</ref> Akwai rahotanni cewa wasu ƙananan tsibirai a cikin Kogin Kiso sun ɓace sakamakon ruwan da ya sa ruwa ya nutse tsibirin yayin da aka haifar da tsunami a Ise Bay, ya nutsar da dubban mutane. A wurin Nagoya na yanzu, an yi amfani da ruwa mai yawa a ƙasa. An yi rikodin tsaunuka masu fashewa da dicks kuma an gano su a wurare a fili.<ref name=":1" /> An bayar da rahoton mummunar lalacewa a Kyoto, amma haikalinsa sun sami karamin lalacewa.<ref name=":1" /> Haikalin Tō-ji a cikin birni ya lalace sosai kuma an lalata siffofin Buddha sama da 600 a Sanjūsangen-dō. Wani mishan Kirista a yankin ya ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje 60 a Sakai. Motsi na kurakurai da girgiza sun lalata Kogin Kiso Uku sosai, wanda ya haifar da canji mai yawa a cikin tafiyarsa.<ref name="Nishimura">{{Cite web |last=Nishimura |first=Katsuhiro |last2=Okuda |first2=Masao |last3=Kani |first3=Yukihiko |last4=Nakane |first4=Yoji |last5=Hayakawa |first5=Kiyoshi |year=2015 |title=Midstream of Kiso river affected by Tensho mega-earthquake |url=https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531031222/https://secure.tcc.co.nz/ei/images/ICEGE15%20Papers/Nishimura_581.00.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2022 |access-date=22 May 2022 |publisher=6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == A lokacin, Toyotomi Hideyoshi yana shirin yaki da Tokugawa Ieyasu, wanda ya ki miƙa wuya ga ikonsa. Koyaya, sansanin Hideyoshi da hedikwatar, Osaka, sun sami mummunar lalacewa saboda girgizar ƙasa. Sabanin haka, tushe na Ieyasu a Mikawa ya sami lalacewa mai sauƙi. Hideyoshi ya ba da fifiko ga sake gina Osaka kuma ya sauya zuwa hanyar zaman lafiya ga Ieyasu. Ieyasu ya tsere wa bala'i kuma daga baya ya zama lamba biyu a cikin gwamnatin Toyotomi. Bayan mutuwar Hideyoshi, Ieyasu ya kwace mulki kuma ya kafa Tokugawa shogunate, wanda ya dauki shekaru 260.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=秀吉は家康征伐を中止して和解路線に転じ、家康は豊臣政権ナンバー2の座を確保し将来に備えることができた |url=https://bizgate.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO2841587022032018000000 |access-date=8 September 2024 |publisher=Nikkei BizGate}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin girgizar ƙasa a Japan]] * Jerin girgizar ƙasa ta tarihi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 90wkhz448f0qw6q4h7ca1hmmakrkwsa 0 178793 965803 2026-10-10T14:13:11Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309182215|Agaricus bitorquis]]" 965803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''''Agaricus'' bitorquis''''', wanda aka fi sani da torq, ''''''banded agaricus'''''', spring agaric, bandedagaricus, urban agaricus, <ref name="Arora2nd">{{Cite book|last3=David Arora}}</ref> ko pavement mushroom, shine fararen kaza mai cin abinci na jinsin Agaricus, mai kama da maɓallin maɓallin da ake siyarwa. Sunan ya maye gurbin ''Agaricus rodmani'' . == Tarihin lissafi == Takamaiman ma'anar Bitorquis ita ce Latin "suna da ƙuƙwalwa biyu", kuma tana nufin zobba biyu da suka haifar da cire mayafi daga saman da ƙasa na stipe. Masanin ilimin halittu na Faransa Lucien Quélet ne ya fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1884, a cikin nau'in Psalliota bitorquis (ta amfani da wani sunan jinsin a maimakon Agaricus na zamani). == Bayyanawa == [[File:Agaricus_bitorquis_01.JPG|thumb|Samfurin da ke nuna tsarin zobe]] Kwayar ta bushe, mai santsi, da fari (amma tabo mai launin rawaya shekaru), kuma tana auna + 1⁄2 in) a diamita, convex zuwa flat, <ref name="Arora2nd" /> sau da yawa tare da datti a kan kwayar. {{Convert|4 to 18|cm}}Gilashin suna da 'yanci, suna da ƙanƙanta sosai kuma suna kusa. Suna da launi mai launin ruwan hoda lokacin da suke matasa, suna zama duhu mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa yayin da spores suka girma.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sidewalk Mushroom: Identify via Pictures, Habitat, Season & Spore Print {{pipe}} Agaricus bitorquis |url=https://www.ediblewildfood.com/sidewalk-mushroom.aspx |access-date=21 June 2018 |website=Sidewalk Mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, Ediblewildfood.com}}</ref> Rubutun spore yana da launin ruwan cakulan. Stipe yana da tsawon 3-11 cm, 1-4 cm kauri, cylindrical zuwa clavate (shaped-club), stout, fari, smooth, tare da membranous veil da thick white mycelial sheathing kusa da tushe. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya bambanta yana da zoben sama mai kauri wanda aka tsara shi kamar bututu da kuma zoben ƙasa mai kauri, wanda ke haifar da sunan jinsin ''Bitorquis''. nama yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi, tare da ƙanshi mai sauƙi. === Bayani na microscopic === [[File:Agaricus_in_concrete.jpg|thumb|''Agaricus bitorquis'' mushroom yana fitowa ta hanyar siminti a lokacin rani]] basidiospores suna da siffar elliptical, mai santsi, kuma tare da girma na 5-7 x 4-5.5 μm. &nbsp;Basidia suna da 20-25 x 6.5-8.5 μm, yawanci ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta huɗu, amma sau da yawa tare da ƙwayoyin basidia guda biyu. &nbsp;Cystidia suna nan kuma suna da yawa. === Irin waɗannan nau'o'in === Sau da yawa ana rikitar da nau'in tare da ''Agaricus bernardii'' mai ƙanshi. Har ila yau, yana kama da ''Agaricus campestris'' dan kadan, amma wannan nau'in yana da zobe guda ɗaya mai rauni.<ref name="Miller 2006">{{Cite book|last3=Orson K. Miller Jr.}}</ref> == Rarraba da mazaunin == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' may be found growing solitary or in small groups in gardens (noted as growing in a gregarious manner), and at roadsides, usually on the pavement, often where salt is applied to combat ice in winter.<ref name="auto" /> Pushing through asphalt and slabs, it is subterranean, and often matures underground. It is occasional throughout North America,<ref name="Arora2nd" /> Europe, Asia and Australia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2014}} == Shuka == First cultivated commercially in 1968, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' has several growth characteristics that have piqued the interest of mushroom cultivators looking for an alternative to the standard button mushroom, ''A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>bisporus''. For example, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' is more resistant to various viral diseases, can grow at higher temperatures and CO₂ concentrations, and has better resistance to bruising. Furthermore, high temperature-resistant strains have recently been developed which may help cultivators overcome problems associated with cooling production rooms during hot summer months. == Abincin abinci == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' wani nau'in da za a iya cinyewa, tare da dandano na 'mushroomy'. Samfurori da aka tattara a cikin daji na iya zama mai laushi saboda yawan wuraren zama na karkashin kasa. Kamar yadda yake tare da duk samfurori da aka zaɓa daga daji, ya kamata a yi hankali don la'akari da dacewa da shafin tattarawa, saboda wannan nau'in na iya tara ƙarfe mai guba, musamman gubar, daga wuraren da aka gurbata. Binciken abinci mai gina jiki ya nuna cewa wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi [[Amino acid]] 18, gami da duk abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin nau'in <nowiki><i id="mwuw">Agaricus</i></nowiki> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202150115/http://mushroom-collecting.com/mushroomhorse.html Mushroom-Collecting.com - ''Agaricus bitorquis''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610172453/http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=213898 Lissafin Fungorum] na ma'anar * Hoton ƙwayoyin cuta na Roger da bayanin * Mushroom Observer hotuna daban-daban * [http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/mycology/agaricus_bitorquis.html (Zane na Julius Schaffer)] 2glpcx5ik8cs7lfl5ioav5gn629c7r9 965804 965803 2026-10-10T14:13:35Z Baffa ali 47435 965804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''''Agaricus'' bitorquis''''', wanda aka fi sani da torq, ''''''banded agaricus'''''', spring agaric, bandedagaricus, urban agaricus, <ref name="Arora2nd">{{Cite book|last3=David Arora}}</ref> ko pavement mushroom, shine fararen kaza mai cin abinci na jinsin Agaricus, mai kama da maɓallin maɓallin da ake siyarwa. Sunan ya maye gurbin ''Agaricus rodmani'' . == Tarihin lissafi == Takamaiman ma'anar Bitorquis ita ce Latin "suna da ƙuƙwalwa biyu", kuma tana nufin zobba biyu da suka haifar da cire mayafi daga saman da ƙasa na stipe. Masanin ilimin halittu na Faransa Lucien Quélet ne ya fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1884, a cikin nau'in Psalliota bitorquis (ta amfani da wani sunan jinsin a maimakon Agaricus na zamani). == Bayyanawa == [[File:Agaricus_bitorquis_01.JPG|thumb|Samfurin da ke nuna tsarin zobe]] Kwayar ta bushe, mai santsi, da fari (amma tabo mai launin rawaya shekaru), kuma tana auna + 1⁄2 in) a diamita, convex zuwa flat, <ref name="Arora2nd" /> sau da yawa tare da datti a kan kwayar. {{Convert|4 to 18|cm}}Gilashin suna da 'yanci, suna da ƙanƙanta sosai kuma suna kusa. Suna da launi mai launin ruwan hoda lokacin da suke matasa, suna zama duhu mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa yayin da spores suka girma.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sidewalk Mushroom: Identify via Pictures, Habitat, Season & Spore Print {{pipe}} Agaricus bitorquis |url=https://www.ediblewildfood.com/sidewalk-mushroom.aspx |access-date=21 June 2018 |website=Sidewalk Mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, Ediblewildfood.com}}</ref> Rubutun spore yana da launin ruwan cakulan. Stipe yana da tsawon 3-11 cm, 1-4 cm kauri, cylindrical zuwa clavate (shaped-club), stout, fari, smooth, tare da membranous veil da thick white mycelial sheathing kusa da tushe. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya bambanta yana da zoben sama mai kauri wanda aka tsara shi kamar bututu da kuma zoben ƙasa mai kauri, wanda ke haifar da sunan jinsin ''Bitorquis''. nama yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi, tare da ƙanshi mai sauƙi. === Bayani na microscopic === [[File:Agaricus_in_concrete.jpg|thumb|''Agaricus bitorquis'' mushroom yana fitowa ta hanyar siminti a lokacin rani]] basidiospores suna da siffar elliptical, mai santsi, kuma tare da girma na 5-7 x 4-5.5 μm. &nbsp;Basidia suna da 20-25 x 6.5-8.5 μm, yawanci ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta huɗu, amma sau da yawa tare da ƙwayoyin basidia guda biyu. &nbsp;Cystidia suna nan kuma suna da yawa. === Irin waɗannan nau'o'in === Sau da yawa ana rikitar da nau'in tare da ''Agaricus bernardii'' mai ƙanshi. Har ila yau, yana kama da ''Agaricus campestris'' dan kadan, amma wannan nau'in yana da zobe guda ɗaya mai rauni.<ref name="Miller 2006">{{Cite book|last3=Orson K. Miller Jr.}}</ref> == Rarraba da mazaunin == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' may be found growing solitary or in small groups in gardens (noted as growing in a gregarious manner), and at roadsides, usually on the pavement, often where salt is applied to combat ice in winter.<ref name="auto" /> Pushing through asphalt and slabs, it is subterranean, and often matures underground. It is occasional throughout North America,<ref name="Arora2nd" /> Europe, Asia and Australia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2014}} == Shuka == First cultivated commercially in 1968, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' has several growth characteristics that have piqued the interest of mushroom cultivators looking for an alternative to the standard button mushroom, ''A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>bisporus''. For example, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' is more resistant to various viral diseases, can grow at higher temperatures and CO₂ concentrations, and has better resistance to bruising. Furthermore, high temperature-resistant strains have recently been developed which may help cultivators overcome problems associated with cooling production rooms during hot summer months. == Abincin abinci == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' wani nau'in da za a iya cinyewa, tare da dandano na 'mushroomy'. Samfurori da aka tattara a cikin daji na iya zama mai laushi saboda yawan wuraren zama na karkashin kasa. Kamar yadda yake tare da duk samfurori da aka zaɓa daga daji, ya kamata a yi hankali don la'akari da dacewa da shafin tattarawa, saboda wannan nau'in na iya tara ƙarfe mai guba, musamman gubar, daga wuraren da aka gurbata. Binciken abinci mai gina jiki ya nuna cewa wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi [[Amino acid]] 18, gami da duk abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin nau'in <nowiki><i id="mwuw">Agaricus</i></nowiki> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202150115/http://mushroom-collecting.com/mushroomhorse.html Mushroom-Collecting.com - ''Agaricus bitorquis''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610172453/http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=213898 Lissafin Fungorum] na ma'anar * Hoton ƙwayoyin cuta na Roger da bayanin * Mushroom Observer hotuna daban-daban * [http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/mycology/agaricus_bitorquis.html (Zane na Julius Schaffer)] 1ao8y887a3gib5ag9c1bu9e052iidia 965805 965804 2026-10-10T14:14:38Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihin lissafi */ 965805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''''Agaricus'' bitorquis''''', wanda aka fi sani da torq, ''''''banded agaricus'''''', spring agaric, bandedagaricus, urban agaricus, <ref name="Arora2nd">{{Cite book|last3=David Arora}}</ref> ko pavement mushroom, shine fararen kaza mai cin abinci na jinsin Agaricus, mai kama da maɓallin maɓallin da ake siyarwa. Sunan ya maye gurbin ''Agaricus rodmani'' . == Tarihin lissafi == Takamaiman ma'anar Bitorquis ita ce Latin "suna da ƙuƙwalwa biyu", kuma tana nufin zobba biyu da suka haifar da cire mayafi daga saman da ƙasa na stipe. Masanin ilimin halittu na Faransa Lucien Quélet ne ya fara bayyana nau'in a cikin 1884, a cikin nau'in Psalliota bitorquis (ta amfani da wani sunan jinsin a maimakon Agaricus na zamani).<ref name=SF>{{cite web |url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=213898 |title=the ''Agaricus bitorquis'' page |work=Species Fungorum |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |accessdate=2022-01-04 }}</ref> == Bayyanawa == [[File:Agaricus_bitorquis_01.JPG|thumb|Samfurin da ke nuna tsarin zobe]] Kwayar ta bushe, mai santsi, da fari (amma tabo mai launin rawaya shekaru), kuma tana auna + 1⁄2 in) a diamita, convex zuwa flat, <ref name="Arora2nd" /> sau da yawa tare da datti a kan kwayar. {{Convert|4 to 18|cm}}Gilashin suna da 'yanci, suna da ƙanƙanta sosai kuma suna kusa. Suna da launi mai launin ruwan hoda lokacin da suke matasa, suna zama duhu mai launin ja-launin ruwan kasa yayin da spores suka girma.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sidewalk Mushroom: Identify via Pictures, Habitat, Season & Spore Print {{pipe}} Agaricus bitorquis |url=https://www.ediblewildfood.com/sidewalk-mushroom.aspx |access-date=21 June 2018 |website=Sidewalk Mushroom, Agaricus bitorquis, Ediblewildfood.com}}</ref> Rubutun spore yana da launin ruwan cakulan. Stipe yana da tsawon 3-11 cm, 1-4 cm kauri, cylindrical zuwa clavate (shaped-club), stout, fari, smooth, tare da membranous veil da thick white mycelial sheathing kusa da tushe. &nbsp;&nbsp;Ya bambanta yana da zoben sama mai kauri wanda aka tsara shi kamar bututu da kuma zoben ƙasa mai kauri, wanda ke haifar da sunan jinsin ''Bitorquis''. nama yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi, tare da ƙanshi mai sauƙi. === Bayani na microscopic === [[File:Agaricus_in_concrete.jpg|thumb|''Agaricus bitorquis'' mushroom yana fitowa ta hanyar siminti a lokacin rani]] basidiospores suna da siffar elliptical, mai santsi, kuma tare da girma na 5-7 x 4-5.5 μm. &nbsp;Basidia suna da 20-25 x 6.5-8.5 μm, yawanci ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta huɗu, amma sau da yawa tare da ƙwayoyin basidia guda biyu. &nbsp;Cystidia suna nan kuma suna da yawa. === Irin waɗannan nau'o'in === Sau da yawa ana rikitar da nau'in tare da ''Agaricus bernardii'' mai ƙanshi. Har ila yau, yana kama da ''Agaricus campestris'' dan kadan, amma wannan nau'in yana da zobe guda ɗaya mai rauni.<ref name="Miller 2006">{{Cite book|last3=Orson K. Miller Jr.}}</ref> == Rarraba da mazaunin == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' may be found growing solitary or in small groups in gardens (noted as growing in a gregarious manner), and at roadsides, usually on the pavement, often where salt is applied to combat ice in winter.<ref name="auto" /> Pushing through asphalt and slabs, it is subterranean, and often matures underground. It is occasional throughout North America,<ref name="Arora2nd" /> Europe, Asia and Australia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2014}} == Shuka == First cultivated commercially in 1968, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' has several growth characteristics that have piqued the interest of mushroom cultivators looking for an alternative to the standard button mushroom, ''A.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwgA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>bisporus''. For example, ''A.&nbsp;bitorquis'' is more resistant to various viral diseases, can grow at higher temperatures and CO₂ concentrations, and has better resistance to bruising. Furthermore, high temperature-resistant strains have recently been developed which may help cultivators overcome problems associated with cooling production rooms during hot summer months. == Abincin abinci == ''Agaricus bitorquis'' wani nau'in da za a iya cinyewa, tare da dandano na 'mushroomy'. Samfurori da aka tattara a cikin daji na iya zama mai laushi saboda yawan wuraren zama na karkashin kasa. Kamar yadda yake tare da duk samfurori da aka zaɓa daga daji, ya kamata a yi hankali don la'akari da dacewa da shafin tattarawa, saboda wannan nau'in na iya tara ƙarfe mai guba, musamman gubar, daga wuraren da aka gurbata. Binciken abinci mai gina jiki ya nuna cewa wannan nau'in ya ƙunshi [[Amino acid]] 18, gami da duk abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin nau'in <nowiki><i id="mwuw">Agaricus</i></nowiki> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202150115/http://mushroom-collecting.com/mushroomhorse.html Mushroom-Collecting.com - ''Agaricus bitorquis''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110610172453/http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=213898 Lissafin Fungorum] na ma'anar * Hoton ƙwayoyin cuta na Roger da bayanin * Mushroom Observer hotuna daban-daban * [http://www.botanischestaatssammlung.de/mycology/agaricus_bitorquis.html (Zane na Julius Schaffer)] a80wyt1dyjtqvyasif273sch7v2aj7p 0 178794 965817 2026-10-10T15:00:10Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ayala Zubairu Pilate | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Shongom]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[Peoples Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Ayala Zubairu Pilate''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Shongom a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023... 965817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ayala Zubairu Pilate | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Ɗan siyasa]] | office = Ɗan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe | constituency = [[Shongom]] | term_start = 2023 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | otherparty = [[Peoples Democratic Party]] (a baya) }} '''Ayala Zubairu Pilate''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda yake wakiltar mazabar Shongom a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]]. Ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokokin jihar na shekarar 2023 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP).<ref name="Punch2023">{{cite news |title=Gombe lone female lawmaker loses seat |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-lone-female-lawmaker-loses-seat/ |work=Punch |author=Chima Azubuike |date=22 March 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Siyasa == === Zaɓen 2023 === A zaɓen gama-gari na Najeriya na shekarar 2023, Ayala Zubairu Pilate ya tsaya takara a mazabar Shongom ta Jihar Gombe a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP. Ya kayar da Asma’u Ignanus, wadda ita ce wakiliyar mazabar a majalisar kafin zaɓen, inda ya samu kujerar majalisar dokokin jihar.<ref name="Punch2023"/><ref name="INEC2023">{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |publisher=INEC |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Ayyukansa a majalisa === A watan Yulin 2023, Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe ta kafa kwamitoci na musamman da na dindindin. Jaridar Dateline Nigeria ta bayyana cewa an naɗa Ayala Zubairu Pilate a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gidaje da bunƙasa birane (Housing and Urban Development Committee).<ref name="Dateline2023">{{cite news |title=Gombe assembly constitutes special, standing committees |url=https://dateline.ng/gombe-assembly-constitutes-special-standing-committees/ |work=Dateline Nigeria |date=20 July 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> === Sauya sheƙa zuwa APC === A shekarar 2025, Ayala Zubairu Pilate ya sauya sheƙa daga jam’iyyar PDP zuwa [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC). Jaridar Premium Times ta ambaci sauya sheƙarsa a wani rahoto da ta wallafa a watan Janairun 2026, inda ta bayyana cewa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ’yan majalisar Gombe da suka sauya sheƙa zuwa APC.<ref name="PremiumTimes2026">{{cite news |title=Two PDP lawmakers defect to APC in Gombe, lauding Governor Inuwa Yahaya |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/848137-two-pdp-lawmakers-defect-to-apc-in-gombe-lauding-governor-inuwa-yahaya.html |work=Premium Times |date=7 January 2026 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Shongom]] * [[Peoples Democratic Party]] * [[All Progressives Congress]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:’Yan siyasar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar All Progressives Congress]] [[Category:’Yan siyasar Peoples Democratic Party]] jyiapb1pzpn2jjif59xaw4kr0bmunbw 0 178795 965838 2026-10-10T15:11:29Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Mohammad Lamido Madugu | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Physics]] }} '''Mohammad Lamido Madugu''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[Physics]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University), inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen a wani lokaci. Bincikensa ya haɗa da ilimin kayan lantarki da f... 965838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mohammad Lamido Madugu | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Physics]] }} '''Mohammad Lamido Madugu''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[Physics]] a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University), inda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen a wani lokaci. Bincikensa ya haɗa da ilimin kayan lantarki da fina-finan sirara da ake amfani da su a na'urorin lantarki da fasahar hasken rana.<ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=Physics Department |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/physics-department/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Thesis">{{cite thesis |last=Madugu |first=Mohammad Lamido |title=Processing of Semiconductors and Thin Film Solar Cells Using Electroplating |url=https://shura.shu.ac.uk/19997/1/10697304.pdf |publisher=Sheffield Hallam University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki da bincike == Madugu ya yi bincike a fannin semiconductor da fina-finan sirara, waɗanda suke da muhimmanci wajen samar da na'urorin lantarki da ƙwayoyin hasken rana. Kundin bincikensa da aka adana a Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive ya bayyana aikinsa kan sarrafa semiconductors da fina-finan sirara ta hanyar electroplating.<ref name="Thesis"/> A shekarar 2016, Madugu ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike kan haɓaka halayen fina-finan ZnTe masu nau'in n da p ta hanyar intrinsic doping. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Materials Research Innovations'' tare da sauran masu bincike.<ref name="ZnTe">{{cite journal |title=Growth of n- and p-type ZnTe semiconductors by intrinsic doping |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2015.1105570 |journal=Materials Research Innovations |date=2016 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Haka kuma, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021 kan inganta ƙwayoyin hasken rana na perovskite ta amfani da ZnO da CuI a matsayin kayan jigilar lantarki. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences''.<ref name="Solar">{{cite journal |title=Optimization of Lead Base Perovskite Solar Cell with ZnO and CuI as Electron Transport Material and Hole Transport Material Using SCAPS-1D |url=https://doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2021.6.2.282 |journal=Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences |date=2021 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == A Jami'ar Jihar Gombe == Shafin Sashen Physics na Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ya ambaci Madugu a cikin tarihin sashen, inda ya bayyana cewa M. L. Madugu yana cikin ma'aikatan da suka fara aiki a sashen lokacin da aka kafa jami'ar a shekarar 2005. Sanarwar jami'ar ta kuma ambace shi a matsayin shugaban Sashen Physics a shekarar 2023.<ref name="GSU"/><ref name="Bulletin">{{cite web |title=GSU News Bulletin |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PDF-BULLETTIN-GSU-feb-2023-1_compressed.pdf |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana Physics]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] 0l5fzf6woheew3ecoqo7tot3f5hc5eh 0 178796 965854 2026-10-10T15:25:31Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = A. D. Bajoga | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Kimiyyar lissafi]] }} '''A. D. Bajoga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar lissafi]] (Physics), wanda yake da alaƙa da Sashen Pure and Applied Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University). Yana gudanar da bincike a fannin kimiyyar muhalli da auna sinadaran... 965854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = A. D. Bajoga | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Kimiyyar lissafi]] }} '''A. D. Bajoga''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar lissafi]] (Physics), wanda yake da alaƙa da Sashen Pure and Applied Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University). Yana gudanar da bincike a fannin kimiyyar muhalli da auna sinadaran rediyoaktif, da kuma makamashin hasken rana.<ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=Prof. A. D. Bajoga presents at the 18th Inaugural Lecture |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/event-list/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="DOAJ">{{cite web |title=Evaluation of elemental concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium in top soils from Kuwait |url=https://doaj.org/article/847fc6f2c1a8473fa8c609d0becfa976 |website=Directory of Open Access Journals |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aiki da bincike == Bajoga ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da kimiyyar muhalli. Daga cikin ayyukansa akwai bincike kan matakan sinadaran uranium, thorium da potassium a saman ƙasa a Kuwait. An wallafa wannan binciken a mujallar ''Nuclear Engineering and Technology'' a shekarar 2019.<ref name="DOAJ"/> A shekarar 2015, ya kasance cikin masu binciken wani aiki kan sinadaran rediyoaktif da ake samu a ƙasar kudancin Kuwait. An yi amfani da na'urar auna hasken gamma wajen nazarin samfurorin ƙasa, kuma an wallafa sakamakon binciken a mujallar ''Radiation Physics and Chemistry''.<ref name="Kuwait">{{cite journal |last=Bajoga |first=A. D. |title=Radioactive investigation of NORM samples from Southern Kuwait soil using high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy |journal=Radiation Physics and Chemistry |volume=116 |pages=305–311 |year=2015 |doi=10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.01.041 }}</ref> Bincikensa ya kuma haɗa da tantance ƙarfin makamashin hasken rana a yankin Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. A shekarar 2024, sunansa ya bayyana a cikin marubutan wani bincike da aka wallafa a ''Nigerian Journal of Physics'' kan yiwuwar samar da makamashin hasken rana a harabar jami'ar.<ref name="Solar">{{cite journal |title=Determination of Solar Energy Potentials within Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria |journal=Nigerian Journal of Physics |year=2024 |doi=10.62292/njp.v33i2.2024.244 |url=https://doi.org/10.62292/njp.v33i2.2024.244 }}</ref> == A Jami'ar Jihar Gombe == Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta sanar a shafinta cewa Farfesa A. D. Bajoga zai gabatar da lacca ta musamman ta 18 ta jami'ar. Wannan yana nuna gudummawarsa a harkokin ilimi da bincike a jami'ar.<ref name="GSU"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana kimiyyar lissafi]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] bbh2ejf4c19jcui6r1lnjycln3nk7ls 0 178797 965855 2026-10-10T15:26:51Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Sadiq Maigari | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Geology]], sedimentology, petroleum geology }} '''Abubakar Sadiq Maigari''' farfesan ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin sedimentology da petroleum geology. Yana aiki a Sashen Applied Geology na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (ATBU), Bauchi, Najeriy... 965855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Sadiq Maigari | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Geology]], sedimentology, petroleum geology }} '''Abubakar Sadiq Maigari''' farfesan ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin sedimentology da petroleum geology. Yana aiki a Sashen Applied Geology na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (ATBU), Bauchi, Najeriya.<ref name="ATBU">{{cite web |title=Geology Staff |url=https://hrms.atbu.edu.ng/dept/62/staff |website=Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="Professors">{{cite web |title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://blerf.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-2.pdf |publisher=National Universities Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Maigari ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin geology daga Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 2011. Kundin farfesoshi na tsarin jami'o'in Najeriya ya bayyana cewa an naɗa shi cikakken farfesa a shekarar 2015. Ya kuma riƙe matsayin shugaban Sashen Geology daga shekarar 2008 zuwa 2014.<ref name="Professors"/> == Bincike == Binciken Maigari ya shafi sedimentology, nazarin tsarin duwatsu, da tantance yiwuwar samun man fetur a cikin duwatsu masu ɗaukar ruwa ko mai (reservoir rocks), musamman a yankin Upper Benue Trough na Najeriya.<ref name="FUDMA">{{cite journal |title=Palynofacies Studies of the Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Maastrichtian) Strata from Jauro Jatau, Gongola Sub-Basin, Northern Benue Trough, Nigeria |journal=FUDMA Journal of Sciences |year=2024 |url=https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0801-2224 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Maigari ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike kan yiwuwar duwatsun Gombe Sandstone a yankin Kalshingi na iya zama wurin tara man fetur. An wallafa binciken a mujallar ''Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences)''.<ref name="Reservoir">{{cite web |title=Reservoir Potential of Gombe Sandstone around Kalshingi Area, Northern Benue Trough, N-E, Nigeria |url=https://www.bibliomed.org/?b1=Search+ScopeMed&sarea=author&term=Maigari+A.S.1 |website=ScopeMed |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2022, ya yi aiki tare da Muhammad Kyari Muhammad da Ahmad Isa Haruna wajen gudanar da bincike kan ilimin ƙasa da petrography na duwatsun migmatite a yankin Gubi da kewaye, Jihar Bauchi.<ref name="Migmatite">{{cite web |title=Geology and Petrography of the Migmatites around Gubi and Environs, Bauchi, Northeastern Nigeria |url=https://www.bibliomed.org/?b1=Search+ScopeMed&sarea=author&term=Maigari+A.S.1 |website=ScopeMed |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan ƙasa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana ilimin duwatsu]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] 7ch7a7sg4s4w5yftobcs9sd76p9y8rm 0 178798 965856 2026-10-10T15:28:51Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ismaila Vela Haruna | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ilimin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | field = [[Geology]], petrology, geochemistry }} '''Ismaila Vela Haruna''' masanin ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi bincike a fannonin petrology da geochemistry. An danganta shi da Sashen Geology na [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa. Bincikensa ya haɗa... 965856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ismaila Vela Haruna | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ilimin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] | field = [[Geology]], petrology, geochemistry }} '''Ismaila Vela Haruna''' masanin ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya yi bincike a fannonin petrology da geochemistry. An danganta shi da Sashen Geology na [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] da ke Yola, Jihar Adamawa. Bincikensa ya haɗa da nazarin duwatsu masu ɗauke da ma'adinai da kuma fahimtar yadda duwatsu suka samo asali a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name="IGR">{{cite journal |last=Bute |first=Saleh Ibrahim |title=Origin and tectonic implications of ferroan alkali-calcic granitoids from the Hawal Massif, east-eastern Nigeria terrane: clues from geochemistry and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes |journal=International Geology Review |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=129–152 |year=2020 |doi=10.1080/00206814.2019.1593250 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2019.1593250 }}</ref><ref name="Conference">{{cite conference |last=Haruna |first=Ismaila Vela |title=Petrology and geochemistry of granitoids of the northern part of Adamawa Massif, N.E. Nigeria |booktitle=3rd International Conference on Earth Science & Climate Change |year=2014 |url=https://www.scitechnol.com/conference-abstracts-files/2325-9655.C1.005_008.pdf }}</ref> == Bincike == Haruna ya kasance cikin marubutan binciken da aka wallafa a mujallar ''International Geology Review'' a shekarar 2020. Binciken ya yi nazari kan duwatsun granitoid na Hawal Massif a gabashin Najeriya, ta hanyar amfani da bayanan geochemistry da nazarin isotopes na uranium, gubar da hafnium a zircon. Manufar binciken ita ce fahimtar asalin duwatsun da yanayin motsin faranti na ƙasa da ya taimaka wajen samuwarsu.<ref name="IGR"/> A taron kimiyya na shekarar 2014, Haruna ya gabatar da bincike kan petrology da geochemistry na duwatsun granitoid a arewacin Adamawa Massif, arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Binciken ya yi amfani da halayen duwatsu da bayanan sinadaransu wajen nazarin samuwarsu da sauye-sauyen da suka faru a cikin magma.<ref name="Conference"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Geology]] * [[Geochemistry]] * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Masanan ilimin ƙasa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana kimiyyar Najeriya]] l16w5ts7xzx12x62a8vr7ci6dffqum8 0 178799 965857 2026-10-10T15:30:15Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ahmed Isah Haruna | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ilimin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Economic geology]], sedimentology, binciken ma'adinai }} '''Ahmed Isah Haruna''' farfesan ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin nazarin ma'adinai, ilimin duwatsu da sedimentology. Yana aiki a Sashen Applied Geology na Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Ba... 965857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ahmed Isah Haruna | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin ilimin ƙasa]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Economic geology]], sedimentology, binciken ma'adinai }} '''Ahmed Isah Haruna''' farfesan ilimin ƙasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin nazarin ma'adinai, ilimin duwatsu da sedimentology. Yana aiki a Sashen Applied Geology na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (ATBU), Bauchi. Bincikensa ya haɗa da nazarin ma'adinai, duwatsu, da albarkatun ƙasa a Najeriya.<ref name="NUC">{{cite web |title=2021 Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |publisher=National Universities Commission |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="ATBU">{{cite web |title=Department of Applied Geology |url=https://hrms.atbu.edu.ng/dept/62/staff |website=Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Bayanan kundin Farfesoshi na Najeriya sun nuna cewa Haruna ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Economic Geology da Mineral Exploration daga Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 2011. An naɗa shi cikakken farfesa a shekarar 2017. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Sashen Applied Geology daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2018.<ref name="NUC"/> == Bincike == Binciken Haruna ya shafi nazarin ma'adinai da duwatsu, musamman yadda ake gano albarkatun ƙasa da tantance yiwuwar amfani da su ta fuskar tattalin arziki. Ya wallafa bincike tare da sauran masana kan samuwar ma'adinai da tsarin ƙasa a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya.<ref name="ResearchGate">{{cite web |title=Ahmed Isah Haruna — Research profile and publications |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ahmed-Isah-Haruna |website=ResearchGate |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Haruna da abokan bincikensa sun wallafa wani bincike kan samuwar uranium a yankin Gubrunde Horst, cikin Upper Benue Trough da ke arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Binciken ya yi nazari kan duwatsun da ke ɗauke da uranium da kuma tsarin ƙasa da ya shafi samuwar ma'adinin.<ref name="Uranium">{{cite web |title=Uranium Mineralization in Gubrunde Horst, Upper Benue Trough, North-East, Nigeria |url=https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=76937 |website=Journal of Geosciences and Geomatics |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Haruna ya kuma kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2020 kan sinadaran biotite a cikin duwatsun migmatite na Bauchi, wanda ya taimaka wajen fahimtar asalin duwatsun da samuwar ma'adinai a yankin.<ref name="Biotite">{{cite journal |last=Kachalla |first=Halima Zubairu |last2=Haruna |first2=Ahmed Isah |title=Geochemical composition of biotite within the Bauchi migmatites: Petrogenetic and metallogenic implication |journal=Science Forum (Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences) |year=2020 |doi=10.5455/sf.87117 |url=https://doi.org/10.5455/sf.87117 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan ilimin ƙasa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana ma'adinai]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] 94xfv5lkgryjge9nqc4znu3sbowdako 0 178800 965858 2026-10-10T15:31:51Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Kabir Yunus | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, masani kan Alƙur'ani | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Tafsirin Alƙur'ani]], ilimin addinin Musulunci }} '''Muhammad Kabir Yunus''' farfesan ilimin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin ilimin tafsirin [[Alƙur'ani]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Islamic Studies na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State Univers... 965858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Muhammad Kabir Yunus | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, masani kan Alƙur'ani | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Tafsirin Alƙur'ani]], ilimin addinin Musulunci }} '''Muhammad Kabir Yunus''' farfesan ilimin addinin Musulunci ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin ilimin tafsirin [[Alƙur'ani]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Islamic Studies na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University). An san shi da rubuce-rubuce kan ƙa'idoji da hanyoyin fassara Alƙur'ani.<ref name="BUK">{{cite report |title=Bayero University Kano Annual Report 2010 |url=https://buk.edu.ng/sites/default/files/publication/ar2010.pdf |publisher=Bayero University Kano |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae of Professor Sani Musa Ayagi |url=https://buk.edu.ng/cqs/sites/default/files/Professor%20Sani%20Musa%20Ayagi.pdf |website=Bayero University Kano |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Rahoton shekara na Jami'ar Bayero, Kano na shekarar 2010 ya bayyana cewa Muhammad Kabir Yunus yana cikin malamai bakwai na Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies da aka ɗaukaka zuwa matsayin farfesa a wannan shekarar. Rahoton ya danganta shi da Sashen Islamic Studies.<ref name="BUK"/> Daga baya, an danganta shi da Sashen Islamic Studies na Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Takardar bayanan malami da Jami'ar Bayero ta wallafa ta kuma lissafa shi a matsayin farfesa a wannan sashen na GSU.<ref name="CV"/> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Yunus ya wallafa littafin ''Dirāsāt fī Uṣūl al-Tafsīr'' a shekarar 2002. Littafin ya tattauna muhimman ƙa'idoji da hanyoyin tafsirin Alƙur'ani. Wata takardar bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2019 a mujallar ''AL-BURHĀN: Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies'' ta ambaci wannan littafi a cikin manazartarta.<ref name="Burhan">{{cite journal |last=Adeyanju |first=Nasirudeen Abdulrahim |last2=Jungudo |first2=Ahmad Muhammad |title=Al-Imām Al-Shawkānī (d.1250 AH)’s Methodological Uniqueness in His Exegesis of the Glorious Qurʾān |journal=AL-BURHĀN: Journal of Qurʾān and Sunnah Studies |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=106–120 |year=2019 |url=https://journals.iium.edu.my/al-burhan/index.php/al-burhan/article/view/119 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Littafin nasa yana daga cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka ambata a binciken ilimin tafsiri a Najeriya. Wannan yana nuna gudummawarsa ga rubuce-rubucen ilimin Alƙur'ani da nazarin hanyoyin fassararsa.<ref name="QuranicEducation">{{cite web |title=Qur'anic Education in Post-Colonial Nigeria |url=https://buk.edu.ng/cqs/sites/default/files/Dr.%20Usman%20Sani%20Abbas%20QUR%27ANIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20POST%20COLONIAL%20NIGERIA%202.pdf |website=Bayero University Kano |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan addinin Musulunci]] [[Category:Masanan tafsirin Alƙur'ani]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] 47g0qbunks4qko9rd9gt9xl43irjol8 0 178801 965859 2026-10-10T15:33:17Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Danladi Mohammed Umar | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar muhalli, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Freshwater ecology]], ilimin halittun ruwa }} '''Danladi Mohammed Umar''' farfesan kimiyyar muhalli ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin nazarin halittun ruwa marasa gishiri (freshwater ecology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University), inda ya... 965859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Danladi Mohammed Umar | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar muhalli, malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Freshwater ecology]], ilimin halittun ruwa }} '''Danladi Mohammed Umar''' farfesan kimiyyar muhalli ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin nazarin halittun ruwa marasa gishiri (freshwater ecology). Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (Gombe State University), inda ya kuma riƙe muƙaman gudanarwa daban-daban, ciki har da shugaban Sashen Biological Sciences da mataimakin shugaban jami'a mai kula da harkokin gudanarwa.<ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=The Deputy Vice Chancellor |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/the-deputy-vice-chancellor/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Rayuwa da karatu == An haifi Umar a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1962, a Gombe, Najeriya. Ya halarci makarantar Roman Catholic Missionary School da ke Gyel daga shekarar 1969 zuwa 1974, sannan ya yi karatu a Juladaco High School, Kassa, daga 1974 zuwa 1979. Ya samu digirin B.Sc. (Ed.) a fannin Biology a Jami'ar Jos a shekarar 1987, da digirin M.Sc. a Fisheries and Hydrobiology a shekarar 1990. A shekarar 2014, ya kammala digirin PhD a Freshwater Ecology a Jami'ar Canterbury da ke New Zealand.<ref name="GSU"/> == Aiki == Umar ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1979 a Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Bauchi a matsayin jami'in ilimi kuma malamin Biology. Ya shiga Jami'ar Jihar Gombe a shekarar 2005 a matsayin mataimakin malami, daga bisani ya kai matsayin farfesa a shekarar 2021.<ref name="GSU"/> A jami'ar, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban sashen Faculty of Science, shugaban Sashen Biological Sciences daga 2015 zuwa 2023, da mataimakin daraktan bincike da ci gaba daga 2023 zuwa 2024. Ya kuma zama darektan Nigerian Montane Forest Project a Mambilla Plateau tun daga shekarar 2019.<ref name="GSU"/> A shekarar 2022, an ruwaito cewa Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin freshwater ecology.<ref name="Leadership">{{cite news |title=Gombe Varsity Gets 10 New Professors |url=https://leadership.ng/gombe-varsity-gets-10-new-professors/ |work=Leadership |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Umar ya shafi bambancin halittun ruwa, gurɓacewar ruwa, guba a muhallin ruwa, halittun ƙananan dabbobin ruwa (macroinvertebrates), da tasirin amfani da ƙasa a kan koguna da rafuka.<ref name="GSU"/> A shekarar 2018, Umar da Suwaiba Kiman Hassan sun wallafa bincike kan nau'o'in macroinvertebrates da aka samu a rafin Kodon, wani rafi na ruwa marar gishiri a Gombe. Binciken ya yi nazari kan alaƙar yawan halittun da yanayin sinadarai da siffofin ruwan rafin.<ref name="Kodon">{{cite journal |last=Hassan |first=Suwaiba Kiman |last2=Umar |first2=Danladi Mohammed |title=Macro Invertebrate Fauna of Kodon Stream, a Tropical Fresh Water in Gombe-Nigeria |journal=Greener Journal of Biological Sciences |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=10–13 |year=2018 |doi=10.15580/GJBS.2018.2.022718032 |url=https://gjournals.org/GJBS/archive/vol-8-2-march-2018/hassan-and-umar.html }}</ref> == Muƙaman gudanarwa == Umar ya riƙe muƙamin mataimakin shugaban jami'a mai kula da harkokin gudanarwa a Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'ar ya bayyana ayyukansa na gudanarwa da kuma rawar da yake takawa a bincike da haɓaka ilimi.<ref name="GSU"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]] 0w2nm2ydqsw2e13d6kh53gayg8r0wpq 0 178802 965860 2026-10-10T15:34:32Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Seydou Hankouraou | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Medical physics]], environmental physics }} '''Seydou Hankouraou''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Hankouraou Seydou''', masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne kuma malamin jami'a a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Pure and Applied Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (GSU), inda ya gudanar da bincike... 965860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Seydou Hankouraou | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = [[Masanin kimiyya]], malamin jami'a | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = [[Medical physics]], environmental physics }} '''Seydou Hankouraou''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Hankouraou Seydou''', masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne kuma malamin jami'a a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Pure and Applied Physics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] (GSU), inda ya gudanar da bincike a fannonin kimiyyar lissafin muhalli, hasken rediyoaktif da ingancin ruwan sha. A shekarar 2023, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin Medical and Environmental Physics.<ref name="Neptune">{{cite news |last=Luckson |first=Gift |title=Gombe varsity gets 10 new professors |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/gombe-varsity-gets-10-new-professors/ |work=Neptune Prime |date=1 April 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=Physics Department |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/physics-department/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Hankouraou ya yi karatun kimiyyar lissafi a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya, inda ya samu digirin B.Sc. a fannin Physics. A shekarar 1998, ya kammala digirin M.Sc. a fannin Physics a wannan jami'a. Kundin bincikensa na digirin M.Sc. ya yi nazari kan sinadaran da ake samu a cikin laka da ke gindin Kogin Kubanni ta hanyar amfani da fasahar Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence.<ref name="Thesis">{{cite web |title=Determination of Trace Elements in the Kubanni River Sediments Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Technique |url=https://kubanni-backend.abu.edu.ng/server/api/core/bitstreams/73165f1a-d21d-480f-b7d4-4e16dacbbc1d/content |website=Ahmadu Bello University Repository |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Ya shiga Sashen Physics na Jami'ar Jihar Gombe tun farkon kafa sashen a shekarar 2005. Shafin sashen ya bayyana cewa ya zama shugaban sashen a shekarar 2015.<ref name="GSU"/> A shekarar 2023, Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta ɗaukaka Hankouraou zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin Medical and Environmental Physics. Rahoton jaridar Neptune Prime ya lissafa shi cikin malamai goma da aka ɗaukaka zuwa matsayin farfesa a jami'ar.<ref name="Neptune"/> == Bincike == Binciken Hankouraou ya shafi auna hasken rediyoaktif a muhalli, nazarin sinadaran da ke cikin ruwan sha da laka, da kuma tantance yiwuwar haɗarin da wasu sinadarai za su iya haifarwa ga lafiyar jama'a.<ref name="Thesis"/><ref name="Radiation"/> A shekarar 2016, Hankouraou da Abdullahi Shittu sun wallafa bincike kan ma'aunin haɗarin rediyoaktif da zai iya tasowa daga shan ruwan rijiyoyin burtsatse a birnin Gombe. Sun yi amfani da ma'aunin alpha da beta wajen tantance sinadaran rediyoaktif a samfurorin ruwa.<ref name="Radiation">{{cite journal |last=Hankouraou |first=Seydou |last2=Shittu |first2=Abdullahi |title=Radiation Hazard Indices due to Intake of Radionuclides in Drinking Water in Gombe, Nigeria |journal=IOSR Journal of Applied Physics |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=67–73 |year=2016 |doi=10.9790/4861-0804016773 |url=https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jap/papers/Vol8-issue4/Version-1/J0804016773.pdf }}</ref> Wani binciken da ya wallafa tare da Abdullahi Shittu da Ziyadat Hassan ya yi nazari kan adadin sinadaran rediyoaktif a ruwan rijiyoyin burtsatse da kuma adadin hasken da mutane za su iya samu ta hanyar shan ruwan.<ref name="Water">{{cite web |title=Determination of Radioactivity Concentration and Annual Committed Effective Dose in Drinking Water Collected from Local Borehole in Gombe, Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303971457_Determination_of_Radioactivity_Concentration_and_Annual_Committed_Effective_Dose_in_Drinking_Water_Collected_from_Local_Borehole_in_Gombe_Nigeria |website=ResearchGate |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanarwa == Baya ga koyarwa da bincike, Hankouraou ya riƙe muƙamin daraktan Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) a Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Sanarwar jami'ar da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023 ta ambace shi a matsayin daraktan SIWES.<ref name="Bulletin">{{cite web |title=GSU News Bulletin, February 2023 |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PDF-BULLETTIN-GSU-feb-2023-1_compressed.pdf |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana kimiyyar lissafi]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] 70mtn3lrw0vi5miyth3dfzfafeqrzcq 0 178803 965861 2026-10-10T15:36:09Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Halima Mohammed Abba | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamar jami'a, masaniyar ilimin tsirrai | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | known_for = Binciken ilimin tsirrai, muhalli da bambancin halittun tsire-tsire }} '''Halima Mohammed Abba''', wadda aka fi sani da '''Halima M. Abba''', masaniyar ilimin tsirrai ce kuma malamar jami'a a [[Najeriya]]. Tana aiki a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], inda ta yi bincike kan bamb... 965861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Halima Mohammed Abba | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamar jami'a, masaniyar ilimin tsirrai | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | known_for = Binciken ilimin tsirrai, muhalli da bambancin halittun tsire-tsire }} '''Halima Mohammed Abba''', wadda aka fi sani da '''Halima M. Abba''', masaniyar ilimin tsirrai ce kuma malamar jami'a a [[Najeriya]]. Tana aiki a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]], inda ta yi bincike kan bambancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire, yanayin dazuzzuka da kuma kiyaye halittun muhalli. Ta kasance shugabar farko ta Sashen Botany na jami'ar bayan kafa sashen a shekarar 2020, kuma ta riƙe wannan muƙami har zuwa 2024.<ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=Plant Sciences Department |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/botany-department/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Abba ta yi aikin koyarwa da bincike a Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Bayan da aka raba tsohon Sashen Biological Sciences zuwa sassa uku a shekarar 2020, ciki har da Botany, an naɗa ta shugabar farko ta sabon sashen. A lokacin shugabancinta, sashen ya ƙarfafa hulɗar bincike da sauran jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike, ciki har da aikin bincike kan dazuzzukan Ngel-Nyaki da ke tsaunin Mambilla a Jihar Taraba.<ref name="GSU"/> A shekarar 2024, jami'ar ta naɗa Farfesa Aliyu Babale a matsayin sabon shugaban sashen. Daga baya, a shekarar 2025, jami'ar ta sanar da sauya sunan sashen zuwa Plant Sciences.<ref name="GSU"/> == Bincike == Binciken Abba ya shafi [[ilimin tsirrai]], bambancin halittun tsire-tsire, dazuzzuka da yadda ayyukan ɗan Adam ke shafar muhalli. Ta yi aiki tare da wasu masu bincike wajen nazarin nau'ikan ciyayi da tsire-tsire a wasu wuraren dazuzzuka a arewacin Najeriya.<ref name="Kanawa">{{cite journal |last=Abba |first=Halima Mohammed |last2=Sawa |first2=Fatima Binta Jahun |last3=Gani |first3=Alhassan Mohammed |last4=Abdul |first4=Suleiman Dangana |title=Herbaceous Species Diversity in Kanawa Forest Reserve (KFR) in Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=140–150 |year=2015 |doi=10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14 |url=https://sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.ajaf.20150304.14 }}</ref> Wannan binciken ya yi nazari kan bambancin ciyayi a dajin Kanawa da ke Jihar Gombe, tare da amfani da hanyoyin tattara bayanan tsirrai don tantance nau'ikansu da yawaitarsu. Masu binciken sun bayyana cewa sakamakon binciken zai taimaka wajen fahimtar yanayin ciyayi da buƙatar kiyaye wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire.<ref name="Kanawa"/> A shekarar 2018, Abba da sauran masu bincike sun wallafa wani bincike kan muhimmancin siffofin saman ganyen shukar Azanza garckeana wajen bambance nau'ikan shukar a Tula, Ƙaramar Hukumar Kaltungo ta Jihar Gombe.<ref name="Azanza">{{cite journal |last=Abba |first=H. M. |last2=Daniel |first2=H. |last3=Sale |first3=S. |last4=Zhigila |first4=D. A. |title=Taxonomic Significance of Foliar Epidermal Characters in Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc in Tula, Kaltungo Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=American Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=9 |issue=8 |year=2018 |doi=10.4236/ajps.2018.98121 |url=https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=86502 }}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ta wallafa tare da Haruna Timothy wani bincike kan bambancin ciyayi a Lede da Galumji, waɗanda ke cikin Wawa-Zange Forest Reserve a Jihar Gombe. Binciken ya yi nazari kan nau'ikan ciyayi da yadda suke yaɗuwa a wuraren binciken.<ref name="Wawa">{{cite journal |last=Abba |first=Halima Mohammed |last2=Timothy |first2=Haruna |title=Assessment of Herbaceous Species Diversity in Lede and Galumji, Wawa-Zange Forest Reserve, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=American Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=1741–1753 |year=2021 |doi=10.4236/ajps.2021.1211120 |url=https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=113389 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Matan Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana ilimin tsirrai]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] 8f575qmddgkm9a03frahhl8bhdtzshx 0 178804 965862 2026-10-10T15:37:42Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Danladi Adamu Bojude | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan cutar kansa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | known_for = Binciken cutar kansa da kula da marasa lafiya a matakin al'umma }} '''Danladi Adamu Bojude''' likitan cutar kansa ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]]. Yana aiki a fannin Community Oncology da Epidemiology a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]. Bincikensa da aikinsa sun s... 965862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Danladi Adamu Bojude | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan cutar kansa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | known_for = Binciken cutar kansa da kula da marasa lafiya a matakin al'umma }} '''Danladi Adamu Bojude''' likitan cutar kansa ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]]. Yana aiki a fannin Community Oncology da Epidemiology a [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]. Bincikensa da aikinsa sun shafi yaƙi da cutar kansa, wayar da kan al'umma, gano cututtuka da wuri, da inganta damar samun kulawar lafiya.<ref name="OncoDaily">{{cite web |title=Danladi Adamu Bojude: Lets champion community-based cancer care |url=https://oncodaily.com/blog/105087 |website=OncoDaily |date=16 July 2024 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Bojude ya yi karatu da aikin likitanci, sannan ya ƙware a fannin cututtukan kansa da nazarin cututtuka a cikin al'umma. Bayanan ƙwarewarsa sun haɗa da ilimin lafiyar jama'a, epidemiology da kula da cutar kansa.<ref name="RG">{{cite web |title=Danladi Adamu — Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Danladi-Adamu |website=ResearchGate |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A Jami'ar Jihar Gombe, ya yi aiki a fannin Community Oncology da Epidemiology. A watan Yulin 2024, ya gabatar da lacca ta goma ta farfesa a jami'ar, mai taken Championing Community Oncology: Saving Lives, Empowering Communities. Laccar ta mayar da hankali kan muhimmancin kawo ayyukan yaƙi da cutar kansa kusa da al'ummomin da ke buƙatar su.<ref name="GSULecture">{{cite web |title=GSU Inaugural Lectures |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12TH-INAUGURAL-LECTURE-NOVEMBER-2024-BY-PROF-SANI-ADAMU_.pdf |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike da yaƙi da cutar kansa == Bojude yana goyon bayan tsarin kula da cutar kansa wanda ya haɗa da wayar da kan jama'a, rigakafi, gwaje-gwajen gano cutar da wuri, jinya, da taimaka wa marasa lafiya a duk tsawon lokacin da suke buƙatar kulawa. Ya bayyana cewa amfani da albarkatun al'umma, fasahar zamani da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan lafiya zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta ayyukan kula da cutar kansa.<ref name="OncoDaily"/> Ya kasance cikin masu binciken wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2024 game da nauyin cututtukan kansa a yankunan karkara na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Binciken ya tattauna matsalolin cutar kansa a yankin da kuma muhimmancin inganta ayyukan kula da marasa lafiya.<ref name="CancerStudy">{{cite journal |title=Emerging cancer disease burden in a rural sub-Saharan African population: northeast Nigeria in focus |journal=Frontiers in Oncology |year=2024 |doi=10.3389/fonc.2024.1380615 |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1380615/full }}</ref> A shekarar 2025, an wallafa wani bincike kan bambancin jinsi a yawan kamuwa da cutar kansa da hanyoyin jinyar marasa lafiya a sashen oncology na Federal Teaching Hospital da ke Gombe. Danladi Adamu Bojude yana cikin marubutan binciken.<ref name="NJO">{{cite journal |title=Sex disparity in cancer occurrence and treatment among cancer patients: A 2-year retrospective study of the Oncology Unit, Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe |journal=Nigerian Journal of Oncology |date=July 2025 |doi=10.67579/njo.2025.zg6ha74d |url=https://ngjoncology.com/article/sex-disparity-in-cancer-occurrence-and-treatment-among-cancer-patients-a-2-year-retrospective-study-of-the-oncology-unit-federal-teaching-hospital-gombe }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Likitocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar lafiya]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] pckbueuj8by7frwuvzfjdxcsqfqhy9c 0 178805 965863 2026-10-10T15:39:28Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Sani Adamu | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan dakin gwaje-gwajen lafiya, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Toxicology, nutrition, chemical pathology | known_for = Bincike kan guba, abinci mai gina jiki da lafiyar jama'a }} '''Sani Adamu''' likita ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]], wanda ya ƙware a fannin toxicology da nutrition. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Chemica... 965863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Sani Adamu | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan dakin gwaje-gwajen lafiya, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Toxicology, nutrition, chemical pathology | known_for = Bincike kan guba, abinci mai gina jiki da lafiyar jama'a }} '''Sani Adamu''' likita ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]], wanda ya ƙware a fannin toxicology da nutrition. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Chemical Pathology na Kwalejin Kimiyyar Lafiya ta [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]]. Bincikensa ya shafi illolin sinadarai masu guba, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma tasirin abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a muhalli ga lafiyarsu.<ref name="Promotion">{{cite news |last=Attah |first=William |title=Gombe State University Promotes 10 Senior Lecturers To Professors |url=https://independent.ng/gombe-state-university-promotes-10-senior-lecturers-to-professors/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Adamu ya yi karatun likitanci a [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]], inda ya samu digirin MBBS. Daga baya ya ƙware a fannin Chemical Pathology, inda ya zama Fellow of the Medical College of Pathologists.<ref name="Lecture">{{cite web |title=Toxicology Versus Nutrition; Pro-oxidants Versus Antioxidants; Each, a Coin with Two Sides: Which One Is the Killer? |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/12TH-INAUGURAL-LECTURE-NOVEMBER-2024-BY-PROF-SANI-ADAMU_.pdf |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta ɗaukaka shi zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin Toxicology and Nutrition. Rahoton jaridar Independent Newspaper Nigeria ya bayyana shi cikin malamai goma da jami'ar ta ɗaukaka zuwa matsayin farfesoshi bayan taron majalisar gudanarwar jami'ar.<ref name="Promotion"/> == Bincike == Binciken Adamu ya shafi toxicology, abinci mai gina jiki da kuma tasirin sinadarai masu illa ga lafiyar ɗan Adam. A cikin ayyukansa, ya yi nazari kan sinadaran da ke da alaƙa da gurɓacewar muhalli da haɗarin da za su iya haifarwa ga ma'aikata da al'umma.<ref name="Gasoline">{{cite journal |last=Adamu |first=Sani |last2=Akinosun |first2=Olubayo M. |last3=Abbiyesuku |first3=Fayeofori Mpakabaori |last4=Kuti |first4=Modupe Akinrele |last5=El-Bashir |first5=Jibril M. |last6=Marafa |first6=Badriya Gimba |title=Evaluation of antioxidant vitamins among roadside gasoline dispensers in Gombe, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science |year=2015 |doi=10.5455/jeos.20150714121924 |url=https://www.jenvoh.com/jenvoh-articles/evaluation-of-antioxidant-vitamins-among-roadside-gasoline-dispensers-in-gombe-nigeria.pdf }}</ref> Wannan binciken ya binciki matakan wasu bitamin masu kariya daga oxidation a jikin masu sayar da fetur a gefen hanya a Gombe, tare da duba haɗarin da fallasa ga tururin fetur zai iya haifarwa ga lafiyarsu.<ref name="Gasoline"/> == Laccar farfesa == A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2024, Adamu ya gabatar da laccar farfesa ta goma a Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Taken laccar shi ne Toxicology Versus Nutrition; Pro-oxidants Versus Antioxidants; Each, a Coin with Two Sides: Which One Is the Killer? Laccar ta tattauna alaƙar guba, abinci mai gina jiki, pro-oxidants da antioxidants, da tasirinsu ga lafiyar ɗan Adam.<ref name="Lecture"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Likitocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar lafiya]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] n2ykbk8z6u1bb6h6obt94kqnnrmuc7q 0 178806 965864 2026-10-10T15:40:46Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Iliya Jalo | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan yara, malamin jami'a, mai binciken lafiya | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Neonatology, ilimin yara | known_for = Bincike kan lafiyar jarirai da kula da jariran da aka haifa da matsalolin lafiya }} '''Iliya Jalo''' likitan yara ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]], wanda ya ƙware a fannin neonatology, wato kula da jarirai musamman waɗanda aka h... 965864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Iliya Jalo | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Likitan yara, malamin jami'a, mai binciken lafiya | employer = [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] | field = Neonatology, ilimin yara | known_for = Bincike kan lafiyar jarirai da kula da jariran da aka haifa da matsalolin lafiya }} '''Iliya Jalo''' likitan yara ne kuma malamin jami'a a [[Najeriya]], wanda ya ƙware a fannin neonatology, wato kula da jarirai musamman waɗanda aka haifa da wuri ko kuma suke da matsalolin lafiya bayan haihuwa. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Paediatrics na [[Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] da kuma Federal Teaching Hospital da ke Gombe.<ref name="Promotion">{{cite news |last=Attah |first=William |title=Gombe State University Promotes 10 Senior Lecturers To Professors |url=https://independent.ng/gombe-state-university-promotes-10-senior-lecturers-to-professors/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=3 April 2023 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref><ref name="PLOS">{{cite journal |last=Wariri |first=Oghenebrume |title=The influence of travel time to health facilities on stillbirths: A geospatial case-control analysis of facility-based data in Gombe, Nigeria |journal=PLOS ONE |date=7 January 2021 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=e0245297 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0245297 |url=https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245297 }}</ref> == Karatu da aiki == Bayan karatunsa na likitanci, Jalo ya ƙware a fannin lafiyar yara da kula da jarirai. Takardar laccarsa ta Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta bayyana cewa yana da digirin MBBS daga Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, digirin MPA daga Jami'ar Maiduguri, da takardar ƙwarewar FWACP daga West African College of Physicians.<ref name="Lecture">{{cite web |title=The Dilemma of a Neonatologist in Low-Resource Settings |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/14TH-INAUGURAL-LECTURE-2025_.pdf |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Jami'ar Jihar Gombe ta ɗaukaka Jalo zuwa matsayin farfesa a fannin neonatology. Rahoton jaridar Independent Newspaper Nigeria ya lissafa shi cikin manyan malamai goma da aka ɗaukaka zuwa matsayin farfesoshi bayan taron Majalisar Gudanarwa na 48 na jami'ar.<ref name="Promotion"/> == Bincike == Binciken Jalo ya shafi lafiyar jarirai, cututtukan da ke faruwa bayan haihuwa, da hanyoyin rage mace-macen jarirai. Ya yi aiki tare da sauran masu bincike kan matsalolin samun kulawar lafiya ga mata masu juna biyu da jarirai a yankin Gombe.<ref name="PLOS"/> A cikin wani bincike da aka wallafa a mujallar PLOS ONE a shekarar 2021, Jalo da sauran masu bincike sun yi nazari kan yadda lokacin tafiya zuwa asibiti ke da alaƙa da yiwuwar haihuwar jariri matacce a Gombe. Binciken ya nuna muhimmancin samun damar zuwa cibiyoyin lafiya cikin lokaci wajen inganta lafiyar mata da jarirai.<ref name="PLOS"/> == Laccar farfesa == A ranar 28 ga Janairu 2025, Jalo ya gabatar da laccar farfesa ta 14 a Jami'ar Jihar Gombe. Taken laccar shi ne The Dilemma of a Neonatologist in Low-Resource Settings: Using Improved Technologies to Enhance Newborn Survival. Laccar ta tattauna ƙalubalen kula da jarirai a wuraren da kayan aikin lafiya da albarkatu ba su wadatar ba, da kuma yadda ingantattun fasahohi za su taimaka wajen rage mace-macen jarirai.<ref name="Lecture"/><ref name="Myschool">{{cite web |title=Gombe State University Holds 14th Inaugural Lecture |url=https://myschoolnews.ng/gombe-state-university-holds-14th-inaugural-lecture |website=Myschoolnews |date=3 February 2025 |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Likitocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar lafiya]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Jihar Gombe]] ruw8wnpicbvsxcbt2pm73p61ncfud9q 0 178807 965865 2026-10-10T15:46:45Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Jaafaru Ali | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar halittu | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[Zoology]] }} '''Jaafaru Ali''' mutum ne da aka lissafa a matsayin mamba na Ƙungiyar Masana Zoology ta Najeriya, inda aka danganta shi da Sashen Zoology na Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.<ref name="ZSN">{{cite web |title=Jerin mambobin Ƙungiyar Masana Zoology ta Najeriya |url=https://zoologicalsocietyofnigeria.com/directory... 965865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jaafaru Ali | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Masanin kimiyyar halittu | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[Zoology]] }} '''Jaafaru Ali''' mutum ne da aka lissafa a matsayin mamba na Ƙungiyar Masana Zoology ta Najeriya, inda aka danganta shi da Sashen Zoology na Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola.<ref name="ZSN">{{cite web |title=Jerin mambobin Ƙungiyar Masana Zoology ta Najeriya |url=https://zoologicalsocietyofnigeria.com/directory |website=The Zoological Society of Nigeria |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> Jami’ar Jihar Gombe tana da Sashen Biological Sciences a cikin Faculty of Science. Sai dai ba a samu isasshiyar majiya mai zaman kanta da ta tabbatar da cewa Jaafaru Ali farfesa ne a wannan sashen ba.<ref name="GSU">{{cite web |title=Department of Biological Sciences |url=https://gsu.edu.ng/home/department-of-biological-sciences/ |website=Gombe State University |access-date=10 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] 22b1y9snnsxegs726zc0fymdfg37dqf 0 178808 965866 2026-10-10T15:49:54Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ezra Abalis Gaya | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, masanin kimiyyar halittu | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[ilimin muhalli]] | known_for = Bincike kan bambancin halittun tsirrai da muhalli }} '''Ezra Abalis Gaya''' farfesa ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]] da [[ilimin muhalli]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Biological Sci... 965866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ezra Abalis Gaya | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, masanin kimiyyar halittu | employer = [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | field = [[Kimiyyar halittu]], [[ilimin muhalli]] | known_for = Bincike kan bambancin halittun tsirrai da muhalli }} '''Ezra Abalis Gaya''' farfesa ne kuma mai bincike ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar halittu]] da [[ilimin muhalli]]. An danganta shi da Sashen Biological Sciences da Sashen Ecology na [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (ATBU), da ke Bauchi, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi bambancin nau'ikan halittun tsirrai, muhallin ruwa, tsirrai masu furanni da kuma kiyaye albarkatun halitta.<ref name="Seed">{{cite journal |last=Buba |first=Toma |last2=Ezra |first2=Abalis Gaya |last3=Bako |first3=Sunday Paul |last4=Sabo |first4=Mohammad Umar |title=Seed germination dynamics of some woody legumes: implication for restoration of arid zones ecosystems |journal=BioTechnologia |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=381–402 |year=2023 |doi=10.5114/bta.2023.132774 |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10777726/ }}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Gaya ya yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da bincike a jami'a. Littattafan bincike da ya wallafa tare da sauran masana sun danganta shi da Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa da ke Bauchi, inda yake aiki a fannonin kimiyyar halittu da ilimin muhalli.<ref name="Pond">{{cite journal |last=Daniel |first=Akwuma Oyini |last2=Gaya |first2=Ezra Abalis |title=Macro-vegetation and physicochemical aspects of Tirwum pond in Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria |journal=Bio-Research |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=1953–1960 |year=2023 |doi=10.4314/br.v21i2.3 |url=https://bio-research.com.ng/index.php/home/article/view/45 }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Gaya ya haɗa da nazarin bambancin halittun tsirrai, yanayin muhallin ruwa da kuma yadda tsirrai suke girma da yaɗuwa a wurare daban-daban. A shekarar 2023, Gaya da Toma Buba da sauran masu bincike sun wallafa wani bincike kan yadda tsaba na wasu bishiyoyi masu alaƙa da dangin legumes suke tsiro. Binciken ya yi nazari kan tsabar Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia rufescens, Faidherbia albida da Piliostigma reticulatum, tare da duba yadda sakamakon zai taimaka wajen dawo da ciyayi da bishiyoyi a yankunan da ke fuskantar ƙalubalen muhalli.<ref name="Seed"/> A cikin wani binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023, Gaya da Akwuma Oyini Daniel sun yi nazari kan ciyayi da wasu ma'aunai na yanayin ruwa a tafkin Tirwum da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Bauchi ta Jihar Bauchi. Binciken ya duba nau'ikan ciyayi da wasu abubuwan da ke shafar yanayin tafkin.<ref name="Pond"/> A shekarar 2018, Gaya ya yi aiki tare da Fatima Aliyu Deba da Yusuf Ibrahim Okpanachi a wani bincike kan alaƙar pollen, wato ƙwayoyin furen tsirrai, da rashin lafiyar da suke iya haifarwa, da kuma amfani da siffofin pollen wajen tantance tsirrai masu furanni a harabar Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.<ref name="Pollen">{{cite journal |last=Deba |first=Fatima Aliyu |last2=Okpanachi |first2=Yusuf Ibrahim |last3=Gaya |first3=Ezra Abalis |title=Pollen allergy in relation to palynology and taxonomy of flowering plants at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa Campus Bauchi, Bauchi State |journal=GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=126–131 |year=2018 |doi=10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0112 |url=https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2018.5.2.0112 }}</ref> A wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2018, Gaya ya kuma shiga nazarin nau'ikan kifaye a tafkin Gubi da ke Jihar Bauchi. Binciken ya yi ƙoƙarin tantance bambancin nau'ikan kifayen da aka samu a tafkin da kuma dangoginsu.<ref name="Fish">{{cite journal |last=Maigari |first=Suleiman |last2=Nayaya |first2=Ahmad Jibrin |last3=Gaya |first3=Ezra Abalis |title=Studies of Fish Species Diversity in Gubi Reservoir, Bauchi State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Innovative Research and Development |volume=7 |issue=11 |year=2018 |url=https://scispace.com/pdf/studies-of-fish-species-diversity-in-gubi-reservoir-bauchi-4n83vukuxj.pdf }}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Gaya ya kasance cikin marubutan wani bincike kan bambancin tsirrai masu jijiyoyin ruwa da kuma buƙatar kiyaye su a tsaunukan Kir da Tala na Jihar Bauchi. Binciken ya yi nazari kan nau'ikan tsirrai da aka samu a yankunan da aka bincika da kuma muhimmancin kiyaye su.<ref name="Mountains">{{cite journal |last=Umar |first=Musa |last2=Abdul Dangana |first2=Suleiman |last3=Gaya |first3=Ezra Abalis |title=Assessing Herbaceous Vascular Plants Diversity and Conservation Needs on Kir and Tala Mountains, Bauchi State, Nigeria |journal=UMYU Scientifica |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=179–188 |year=2025 |doi=10.56919/usci.2541.018 |url=https://publications.umyu.edu.ng/scientifica/index.php/usci/article/view/137 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Malaman jami'o'in Najeriya]] [[Category:Masanan kimiyyar Najeriya]] [[Category:Masana kimiyyar halittu]] [[Category:Masana ilimin muhalli]] [[Category:Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] h4agphaungnrwsup66wafeo6wxjau4a 0 178809 965884 2026-10-10T16:27:52Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373307278|Telephone Co. Building (Grand Forks, North Dakota)]]" 965884 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;" |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: var(--color-base); background:#A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Ginin Telephone Co.</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: var(--color-base); background:#A8EDEF;">US National Register of Historic Places</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Telephone_Building_Grand_Forks,_ND.jpg|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |24 N. 4th St.,Grand Forks, North Dakota<br />Grand Forks, Arewacin Dakota |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Ma'auni | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Telephone_Co._Building_(Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota)&params=47_55_31_N_97_1_55_W_type:landmark_region:US <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°55′31′′N</span> <span class="longitude">97°1′55′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.92528°N 97.03194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.92528; -97.03194</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:8}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Telephone_Co._Building_(Grand_Forks,_North_Dakota)&params=47_55_31_N_97_1_55_W_type:landmark_region:US <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°55′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°1′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.92528°N 97.03194°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">47.92528; -97.03194</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Yankin | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |kasa da 1 acre (0.40 ha) &nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |An gina shi | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |1904 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Tsarin gine-gine&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |Kasuwanci na Farko; Harshen gargajiya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |MPS | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |Downtown Grand Forks MRA <ref name="mraDowntownGrandForks">{{Cite web |last=Norene Roberts |last2=Joe Roberts |name-list-style=amp |date=November 30, 1981 |title=National Register of Historic Places: Downtown Grand Forks MRA |url={{NRHP url|id=64000472}} |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |NRHP bayanin <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;number</nowiki&gt;">No.</abbr>&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/82001340 82001340] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |An kara shi zuwa NRHP | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |26 ga Oktoba, 1982 |} '''Ginin Telephone Co.''' Grand Forks, North Dakota, Amurka, an gina shi a shekara ta 1904. An jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a shekarar 1982. Ya haɗa da Kasuwanci na Farko, "Vernacular-Classical Detail", da sauran gine-gine. Lokacin da aka lissafa dukiyar ta haɗa da ginin da ke ba da gudummawa a kan yanki na ƙasa da {{Convert|1|acre}} . An bayyana jerin a cikin takardar Binciken Al'adu na Arewacin Dakota . Tare da Wright Block, Clifford Annex, Dinnie Block, da Golden Square, Ginin Telephone Co. yana ɗaya daga cikin "ginin tubali na kasuwanci tare da cikakkun bayanai na farfadowa na gargajiya" waɗanda aka gina a lokacin babban ginin gini, tare da aikin tubali mai inganci.<ref name="mraDowntownGrandForks" /> Wannan ya maye gurbin wani tsohon musayar kuɗi da ke hawa na huɗu na ginin ofis, wanda ke da wasu matsalolin shiga. Wani marubuci a shekarar 1901 ya nuna cewa kebul ɗin ya shiga ofishin daga wani sandar da ke kusa kuma ba shi da kyau, kuma wayoyin da ke cikin ginin ba su da tsari sosai. Ginin yana da cunkoso sosai. Kamfanin yana cikin shirin siyan abubuwa da yawa don sabon ginin musayar kuɗi..{{Rp|37}} == Manazarta == 38d85gv5ll4fmtoh6m4fr3usifcutun 0 178810 965895 2026-10-10T18:16:43Z Smshika 14840 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379451351|Gilberto Mora]]" 965895 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gilberto Rafael Mora Zambrano''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Mexico wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Liga MX ta Tijuana da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Mexico . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/389575/gilberto-mora}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Mora a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008 a Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico . Shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Gilberto Mora . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, hijo de exfutbolista y goleador más joven de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918035216/https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=sopitas.com}}</ref> Ya yi karatun sakandare a Colegio Alemán Cuauhtémoc Hank a [[Tijuana]], ya kammala a 2026, kodayake bai iya kasancewa ba saboda ayyukan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Raúl A. |date=8 July 2026 |title=¿Cuánto cuesta estudiar en la preparatoria de Gilberto Mora y cuál sería su siguiente paso tras graduarse? |url=https://www.infobae.com/mexico/deportes/2026/07/09/cuanto-cuesta-estudiar-en-la-preparatoria-de-gilberto-mora-y-cual-seria-su-siguiente-paso-tras-graduarse/ |access-date=16 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> Mora za ta yi karatun Gudanar da kasuwanci a kan layi a Jami'ar Anahuac, tun daga farkon kaka na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Regis |first=Juan |date=12 August 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora estudiará la universidad en línea en la Anáhuac |url=https://www.tudn.com/futbol/liga-mx/gilberto-mora-estudiara-universidad-en-linea-en-la-anahuac |access-date=16 August 2026 |website=[[TUDN]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Mora ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Club Tijuana, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar".<ref name="Mora1">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora? Joya de los Xolos de Tijuana |url=https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=futboltotal.com.mx}}</ref> Bayan 'yan makonni na horo tare da tawagar farko, kocin Juan Carlos Osorio ya hada da Mora a cikin tawagar don kakar 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=Él es Gilberto Mora, el "niño" de 15 años que debutó con Xolos con todo y una asistencia |url=https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241014205455/https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |archive-date=14 October 2024 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2024, ya fara buga wasan Liga MX na farko a kan Santos Laguna, inda ya maye gurbin Efraín Álvarez a minti na 72 kuma ya ba da taimako ga burin Jaime Álvarez a nasarar Tijuana 3-1. A shekara 15, watanni goma da kwanaki biyar, Mora ya zama dan wasan farko mafi ƙanƙanta a Tijuana, dan wasan na uku mafi ƙanci da ya fara a Liga MX, kuma dan wasan mafi ƙanunci da ya ba da taimako.<ref name="Mora1" /> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar Tijuana 2-1 a kan León, ya Zaki dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwando a cikin jirgin saman Mexico yana da shekaru 15 da kwanaki 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, el jugador más joven en anotar en la historia de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=[[Milenio]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin 2025, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar cin kofin Tijuana 5-2 da aka yi da LA Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2025 |title=LA Galaxy 5–2 Tijuana |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619062958/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |archive-date=19 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya koma Liga MX, Mora ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da tawagarsa ta samu 2-0 a kan Pachuca.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramírez |first=Eder |date=16 August 2025 |title=Liga MX: Another Stunner by Gilberto Mora; Xolos Shock the Leader Pachuca |url=https://www.soyfutbol.com/en/leagues/Liga-MX-Another-Stunner-by-Gilberto-Mora-Xolos-Shock-the-Leader-Pachuca-20250816-0067.html |publisher=Soy Futbol}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya sake zira kwallaye, a wannan lokacin a wasan 3-3 da ya yi da Guadalajara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jonathan |date=24 August 2025 |title=Mexico wonderkind Mora stays red hot with double vs Chivas |url=https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824233729/https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |archive-date=24 August 2025 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A matsayinta na matasan kasa da kasa, Mora ta buga wa kungiyoyin Mexico 'yan kasa da shekara 16, 'yan kasa le shekara 16, da kuma 'yan kasa a shekara 17. Ya buga wasanni goma sha shida kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da yake wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 15, kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar 'yan karkashin shekaru 17 a matsayin dan shekara 15. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2025, Mora ya fara bugawa babbar kungiyar wasa a wasan sada zumunci da ba a hukumance ba da SC Internacional, ƙungiyar daga Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya bayyana a tawagar ƙasa yana da shekaru 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2025 |title=This Wonderkid Could Play in Three World Cups in Nine Months – and He's on Chelsea and Man United's Radar |url=https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091957/https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=10 October 2025 |publisher=Football Park}}</ref> An haɗa Mora a cikin jerin mutane 60 na wucin gadi don gasar cin kofin CONCACAF ta 2025, kuma ya sanya tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin Kofin Zinare ta CONCAC AF ta 2025. A ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, ya samu damar farawa a wasan kusa da na karshe da Saudi Arabia, don haka ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara buga wa Mexico, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 257, ya wuce rikodin Luis Ernesto Pérez na baya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora, oficialmente el jugador más jóven en debutar con México |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629052959/https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=ESPN Deportes |language=Spanish}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, Mora ya ba da taimakonsa na farko a nasarar 1-0 a kan Honduras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Mexico vs Honduras live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/en-us/football/match/wqf3-concacaf-wqf2-concacaf/GVbsCWb#id:14000198 |access-date=6 July 2025}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya fara a wasan ƙarshe da Amurka, inda Mexico za ta lashe lambar yabo ta 10, ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa ɗaga kofin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Thom |date=10 June 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora: Stars of Soccer, World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/interactive/fifa-world-cup-stars-of-soccer-2026/player/gilberto-mora-mexico-midfielder/ |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, kocin Eduardo Arce ya kira shi don wakiltar Mexico a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 da aka gudanar a Chile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2025 |title=Convocatoria Oficial de México Sub-20 para el Mundial de Chile |url=https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%C3%A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429132541/https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%25C3%25A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |archive-date=29 April 2026 |access-date=27 September 2025 |website=MiSeleccion.mx |language=Spanish}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an kira Mora zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026, <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2026 squad lists: England, Scotland, Brazil, USA, Spain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Argentina, Portugal and more |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/13543070/world-cup-2026-squad-lists-england-scotland-brazil-usa-spain-france-germany-netherlands-argentina-portugal-and-more}}</ref> ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup's youngest player, Mexico's Gilberto Mora, 26 years younger than the oldest |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260604032846/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |archive-date=4 June 2026 |access-date=4 June 2026 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a ranar 11 ga Yuni, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]] a wasan buɗewa kuma ya kafa rikodin a matsayin dan wasan Mexico mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar, yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 240, ya karya rikodin Manuel Rosas na baya a cikin 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Graham |date=11 June 2026 |title=The Youngest Players In World Cup History |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618130127/https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=Opta Analyst}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez Vega |first=Alejandro |date=11 June 2026 |title=A 96-year-old record shattered: Gilberto Mora makes World Cup history for Mexico |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091620/https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ya fara zagaye na 32 da Ecuador, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara wasan buga gasar cin kofin duniya yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 259, bayan Pelé kawai a shekara ta 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Anirudh |date=1 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Mbappe tops Messi, beats Ronaldo record; Olise one behind Pele; Haaland 25 in 13 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701204944/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |archive-date=1 July 2026 |access-date=1 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played on 20 September 2026}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|new_id=mora-gilberto/6oBtqO4C|access-date=29 September 2026}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}}<ref>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Mexico |2025 |5 |0 |- |2026 |8 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !13 !1 |} {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}} :''Scores and results list Mexico's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mora goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Gilberto Mora ya zira ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |26 ga Satumba 2026 |Filin wasa na M&amp;amp;T Bank, Baltimore, Amurka | align="center" |13 |{{Fb|COL}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |Abokantaka |} == Daraja == '''Mexico''' * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa lashe babbar gasa ta duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Who Is Gilberto Mora and Why Can't He Move to Europe Yet? |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709100934/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=beIN Sports}}</ref> * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Liga MX <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tijuana forward Gilberto Mora becomes youngest Liga MX scorer ever |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629162046/https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> * Dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara bugawa tawagar Mexico <ref name=":0" /> == manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Gilberto Moraa filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Gilberto Moraa WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8mkqwsn6qnrfxjs5blkrh0e269mvhq2 965896 965895 2026-10-10T18:17:30Z Smshika 14840 965896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gilberto Rafael Mora Zambrano''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Mexico wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Liga MX ta Tijuana da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Mexico . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/389575/gilberto-mora}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Mora a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008 a Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico . Shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Gilberto Mora . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, hijo de exfutbolista y goleador más joven de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918035216/https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=sopitas.com}}</ref> Ya yi karatun sakandare a Colegio Alemán Cuauhtémoc Hank a [[Tijuana]], ya kammala a 2026, kodayake bai iya kasancewa ba saboda ayyukan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Raúl A. |date=8 July 2026 |title=¿Cuánto cuesta estudiar en la preparatoria de Gilberto Mora y cuál sería su siguiente paso tras graduarse? |url=https://www.infobae.com/mexico/deportes/2026/07/09/cuanto-cuesta-estudiar-en-la-preparatoria-de-gilberto-mora-y-cual-seria-su-siguiente-paso-tras-graduarse/ |access-date=16 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> Mora za ta yi karatun Gudanar da kasuwanci a kan layi a Jami'ar Anahuac, tun daga farkon kaka na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Regis |first=Juan |date=12 August 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora estudiará la universidad en línea en la Anáhuac |url=https://www.tudn.com/futbol/liga-mx/gilberto-mora-estudiara-universidad-en-linea-en-la-anahuac |access-date=16 August 2026 |website=[[TUDN]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Mora ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Club Tijuana, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar".<ref name="Mora1">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora? Joya de los Xolos de Tijuana |url=https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=futboltotal.com.mx}}</ref> Bayan 'yan makonni na horo tare da tawagar farko, kocin Juan Carlos Osorio ya hada da Mora a cikin tawagar don kakar 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=Él es Gilberto Mora, el "niño" de 15 años que debutó con Xolos con todo y una asistencia |url=https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241014205455/https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |archive-date=14 October 2024 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2024, ya fara buga wasan Liga MX na farko a kan Santos Laguna, inda ya maye gurbin Efraín Álvarez a minti na 72 kuma ya ba da taimako ga burin Jaime Álvarez a nasarar Tijuana 3-1. A shekara 15, watanni goma da kwanaki biyar, Mora ya zama dan wasan farko mafi ƙanƙanta a Tijuana, dan wasan na uku mafi ƙanci da ya fara a Liga MX, kuma dan wasan mafi ƙanunci da ya ba da taimako.<ref name="Mora1" /> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar Tijuana 2-1 a kan León, ya Zaki dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwando a cikin jirgin saman Mexico yana da shekaru 15 da kwanaki 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, el jugador más joven en anotar en la historia de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=[[Milenio]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin 2025, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar cin kofin Tijuana 5-2 da aka yi da LA Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2025 |title=LA Galaxy 5–2 Tijuana |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619062958/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |archive-date=19 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya koma Liga MX, Mora ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da tawagarsa ta samu 2-0 a kan Pachuca.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramírez |first=Eder |date=16 August 2025 |title=Liga MX: Another Stunner by Gilberto Mora; Xolos Shock the Leader Pachuca |url=https://www.soyfutbol.com/en/leagues/Liga-MX-Another-Stunner-by-Gilberto-Mora-Xolos-Shock-the-Leader-Pachuca-20250816-0067.html |publisher=Soy Futbol}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya sake zira kwallaye, a wannan lokacin a wasan 3-3 da ya yi da Guadalajara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jonathan |date=24 August 2025 |title=Mexico wonderkind Mora stays red hot with double vs Chivas |url=https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824233729/https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |archive-date=24 August 2025 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A matsayinta na matasan kasa da kasa, Mora ta buga wa kungiyoyin Mexico 'yan kasa da shekara 16, 'yan kasa le shekara 16, da kuma 'yan kasa a shekara 17. Ya buga wasanni goma sha shida kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da yake wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 15, kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar 'yan karkashin shekaru 17 a matsayin dan shekara 15. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2025, Mora ya fara bugawa babbar kungiyar wasa a wasan sada zumunci da ba a hukumance ba da SC Internacional, ƙungiyar daga Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya bayyana a tawagar ƙasa yana da shekaru 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2025 |title=This Wonderkid Could Play in Three World Cups in Nine Months – and He's on Chelsea and Man United's Radar |url=https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091957/https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=10 October 2025 |publisher=Football Park}}</ref> An haɗa Mora a cikin jerin mutane 60 na wucin gadi don gasar cin kofin CONCACAF ta 2025, kuma ya sanya tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin Kofin Zinare ta CONCAC AF ta 2025. A ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, ya samu damar farawa a wasan kusa da na karshe da Saudi Arabia, don haka ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara buga wa Mexico, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 257, ya wuce rikodin Luis Ernesto Pérez na baya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora, oficialmente el jugador más jóven en debutar con México |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629052959/https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=ESPN Deportes |language=Spanish}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, Mora ya ba da taimakonsa na farko a nasarar 1-0 a kan Honduras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Mexico vs Honduras live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/en-us/football/match/wqf3-concacaf-wqf2-concacaf/GVbsCWb#id:14000198 |access-date=6 July 2025}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya fara a wasan ƙarshe da Amurka, inda Mexico za ta lashe lambar yabo ta 10, ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa ɗaga kofin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Thom |date=10 June 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora: Stars of Soccer, World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/interactive/fifa-world-cup-stars-of-soccer-2026/player/gilberto-mora-mexico-midfielder/ |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, kocin Eduardo Arce ya kira shi don wakiltar Mexico a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 da aka gudanar a Chile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2025 |title=Convocatoria Oficial de México Sub-20 para el Mundial de Chile |url=https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%C3%A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429132541/https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%25C3%25A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |archive-date=29 April 2026 |access-date=27 September 2025 |website=MiSeleccion.mx |language=Spanish}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an kira Mora zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026, <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2026 squad lists: England, Scotland, Brazil, USA, Spain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Argentina, Portugal and more |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/13543070/world-cup-2026-squad-lists-england-scotland-brazil-usa-spain-france-germany-netherlands-argentina-portugal-and-more}}</ref> ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup's youngest player, Mexico's Gilberto Mora, 26 years younger than the oldest |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260604032846/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |archive-date=4 June 2026 |access-date=4 June 2026 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a ranar 11 ga Yuni, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]] a wasan buɗewa kuma ya kafa rikodin a matsayin dan wasan Mexico mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar, yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 240, ya karya rikodin Manuel Rosas na baya a cikin 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Graham |date=11 June 2026 |title=The Youngest Players In World Cup History |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618130127/https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=Opta Analyst}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez Vega |first=Alejandro |date=11 June 2026 |title=A 96-year-old record shattered: Gilberto Mora makes World Cup history for Mexico |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091620/https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ya fara zagaye na 32 da Ecuador, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara wasan buga gasar cin kofin duniya yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 259, bayan Pelé kawai a shekara ta 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Anirudh |date=1 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Mbappe tops Messi, beats Ronaldo record; Olise one behind Pele; Haaland 25 in 13 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701204944/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |archive-date=1 July 2026 |access-date=1 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played on 20 September 2026}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|new_id=mora-gilberto/6oBtqO4C|access-date=29 September 2026}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}}<ref>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Mexico |2025 |5 |0 |- |2026 |8 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !13 !1 |} {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}} :''Scores and results list Mexico's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mora goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Gilberto Mora ya zira ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |26 ga Satumba 2026 |Filin wasa na M&amp;amp;T Bank, Baltimore, Amurka | align="center" |13 |{{Fb|COL}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |Abokantaka |} == Daraja == '''Mexico''' * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa lashe babbar gasa ta duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Who Is Gilberto Mora and Why Can't He Move to Europe Yet? |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709100934/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=beIN Sports}}</ref> * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Liga MX <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tijuana forward Gilberto Mora becomes youngest Liga MX scorer ever |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629162046/https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> * Dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara bugawa tawagar Mexico <ref name=":0" /> == manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Gilberto Moraa filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Gilberto Moraa WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cky3ni7w1et5od03tzrcbvzf5xkpj5w 966100 965896 2026-10-11T08:21:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gilberto Rafael Mora Zambrano''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Mexico wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar Liga MX ta Tijuana da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Mexico . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/389575/gilberto-mora}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Mora a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2008 a Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico . Shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Gilberto Mora . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, hijo de exfutbolista y goleador más joven de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918035216/https://www.sopitas.com/deportes/quien-es-gilberto-mora-hijo-exfutbolista-goleador-mas-joven-liga-mx-barcelona/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=sopitas.com}}</ref> Ya yi karatun sakandare a Colegio Alemán Cuauhtémoc Hank a [[Tijuana]], ya kammala a 2026, kodayake bai iya kasancewa ba saboda ayyukan gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Raúl A. |date=8 July 2026 |title=¿Cuánto cuesta estudiar en la preparatoria de Gilberto Mora y cuál sería su siguiente paso tras graduarse? |url=https://www.infobae.com/mexico/deportes/2026/07/09/cuanto-cuesta-estudiar-en-la-preparatoria-de-gilberto-mora-y-cual-seria-su-siguiente-paso-tras-graduarse/ |access-date=16 August 2026 |language=es}}</ref> Mora za ta yi karatun Gudanar da kasuwanci a kan layi a Jami'ar Anahuac, tun daga farkon kaka na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Regis |first=Juan |date=12 August 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora estudiará la universidad en línea en la Anáhuac |url=https://www.tudn.com/futbol/liga-mx/gilberto-mora-estudiara-universidad-en-linea-en-la-anahuac |access-date=16 August 2026 |website=[[TUDN]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Mora ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Club Tijuana, kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar".<ref name="Mora1">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora? Joya de los Xolos de Tijuana |url=https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.futboltotal.com.mx/futbol-mexicano/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-joya-de-los-xolos-de-tijuana/2024/08/ |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |publisher=futboltotal.com.mx}}</ref> Bayan 'yan makonni na horo tare da tawagar farko, kocin Juan Carlos Osorio ya hada da Mora a cikin tawagar don kakar 2024-25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=Él es Gilberto Mora, el "niño" de 15 años que debutó con Xolos con todo y una asistencia |url=https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241014205455/https://soyreferee.com/tendencias/2024/8/18/quien-es-gilberto-mora-15-anos-debut-xolos-tijuana-liga-mx-29296.html |archive-date=14 October 2024 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2024, ya fara buga wasan Liga MX na farko a kan Santos Laguna, inda ya maye gurbin Efraín Álvarez a minti na 72 kuma ya ba da taimako ga burin Jaime Álvarez a nasarar Tijuana 3-1. A shekara 15, watanni goma da kwanaki biyar, Mora ya zama dan wasan farko mafi ƙanƙanta a Tijuana, dan wasan na uku mafi ƙanci da ya fara a Liga MX, kuma dan wasan mafi ƙanunci da ya ba da taimako.<ref name="Mora1" /> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar Tijuana 2-1 a kan León, ya Zaki dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwando a cikin jirgin saman Mexico yana da shekaru 15 da kwanaki 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=¿Quién es Gilberto Mora, el jugador más joven en anotar en la historia de la Liga MX? |url=https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918213642/https://www.milenio.com/futbol/liga-mx/quien-es-gilberto-mora-goleador-mas-joven-en-la-historia-liga-mx |archive-date=18 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |website=[[Milenio]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Yulin 2025, Mora ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar cin kofin Tijuana 5-2 da aka yi da LA Galaxy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2025 |title=LA Galaxy 5–2 Tijuana |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619062958/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/732990/tijuana-la-galaxy |archive-date=19 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, ya koma Liga MX, Mora ya zira kwallaye a nasarar da tawagarsa ta samu 2-0 a kan Pachuca.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramírez |first=Eder |date=16 August 2025 |title=Liga MX: Another Stunner by Gilberto Mora; Xolos Shock the Leader Pachuca |url=https://www.soyfutbol.com/en/leagues/Liga-MX-Another-Stunner-by-Gilberto-Mora-Xolos-Shock-the-Leader-Pachuca-20250816-0067.html |publisher=Soy Futbol}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, Mora ya sake zira kwallaye, a wannan lokacin a wasan 3-3 da ya yi da Guadalajara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abraham |first=Jonathan |date=24 August 2025 |title=Mexico wonderkind Mora stays red hot with double vs Chivas |url=https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824233729/https://prosoccerwire-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/2025/08/24/mexico-wonderkind-mora-stays-red-hot-with-double-vs-chivas/85807468007/ |archive-date=24 August 2025 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A matsayinta na matasan kasa da kasa, Mora ta buga wa kungiyoyin Mexico 'yan kasa da shekara 16, 'yan kasa le shekara 16, da kuma 'yan kasa a shekara 17. Ya buga wasanni goma sha shida kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da yake wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 15, kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar 'yan karkashin shekaru 17 a matsayin dan shekara 15. A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2025, Mora ya fara bugawa babbar kungiyar wasa a wasan sada zumunci da ba a hukumance ba da SC Internacional, ƙungiyar daga Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, wanda ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya bayyana a tawagar ƙasa yana da shekaru 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2025 |title=This Wonderkid Could Play in Three World Cups in Nine Months – and He's on Chelsea and Man United's Radar |url=https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091957/https://footballpark.com/football-blogs/the-16-year-old-wonderkid-who-could-play-in-three-world-cups-in-nine-months-and-he-s-on-chelsea-and-man-united-s-radar |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=10 October 2025 |publisher=Football Park}}</ref> An haɗa Mora a cikin jerin mutane 60 na wucin gadi don gasar cin kofin CONCACAF ta 2025, kuma ya sanya tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin Kofin Zinare ta CONCAC AF ta 2025. A ranar 28 ga watan Yuni, ya samu damar farawa a wasan kusa da na karshe da Saudi Arabia, don haka ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara buga wa Mexico, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 257, ya wuce rikodin Luis Ernesto Pérez na baya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gilberto Mora, oficialmente el jugador más jóven en debutar con México |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629052959/https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/selecciones/nota/_/id/15367213/gilberto-mora-mexico-debut-mas-joven-partido-oficial-copa-oro |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=28 June 2025 |publisher=ESPN Deportes |language=Spanish}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, Mora ya ba da taimakonsa na farko a nasarar 1-0 a kan Honduras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2025 |title=Mexico vs Honduras live score, H2H and lineups {{!}} Sofascore |url=https://www.sofascore.com/en-us/football/match/wqf3-concacaf-wqf2-concacaf/GVbsCWb#id:14000198 |access-date=6 July 2025}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya fara a wasan ƙarshe da Amurka, inda Mexico za ta lashe lambar yabo ta 10, ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa ɗaga kofin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Thom |date=10 June 2026 |title=Gilberto Mora: Stars of Soccer, World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/interactive/fifa-world-cup-stars-of-soccer-2026/player/gilberto-mora-mexico-midfielder/ |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, kocin Eduardo Arce ya kira shi don wakiltar Mexico a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 da aka gudanar a Chile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2025 |title=Convocatoria Oficial de México Sub-20 para el Mundial de Chile |url=https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%C3%A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429132541/https://miseleccion.mx/noticias/6147/Convocatoria-Oficial-de-M%25C3%25A9xico-Sub-20-para-el-Mundial-de-Chile |archive-date=29 April 2026 |access-date=27 September 2025 |website=MiSeleccion.mx |language=Spanish}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2026, an kira Mora zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026, <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2026 squad lists: England, Scotland, Brazil, USA, Spain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Argentina, Portugal and more |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/13543070/world-cup-2026-squad-lists-england-scotland-brazil-usa-spain-france-germany-netherlands-argentina-portugal-and-more}}</ref> ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup's youngest player, Mexico's Gilberto Mora, 26 years younger than the oldest |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260604032846/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48955103/mexico-gilberto-mora-17-youngest-player-world-cup |archive-date=4 June 2026 |access-date=4 June 2026 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a ranar 11 ga Yuni, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]] a wasan buɗewa kuma ya kafa rikodin a matsayin dan wasan Mexico mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar, yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 240, ya karya rikodin Manuel Rosas na baya a cikin 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Graham |date=11 June 2026 |title=The Youngest Players In World Cup History |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618130127/https://theanalyst.com/articles/youngest-players-in-fifa-world-cup-history |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=Opta Analyst}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez Vega |first=Alejandro |date=11 June 2026 |title=A 96-year-old record shattered: Gilberto Mora makes World Cup history for Mexico |url=https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618091620/https://worldsoccertalk.com/world-cup/a-96-year-old-record-shattered-gilberto-mora-makes-world-cup-history-for-mexico/ |archive-date=18 June 2026 |access-date=11 June 2026 |publisher=World Soccer Talk}}</ref> Ya fara zagaye na 32 da Ecuador, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara wasan buga gasar cin kofin duniya yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 259, bayan Pelé kawai a shekara ta 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Anirudh |date=1 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Mbappe tops Messi, beats Ronaldo record; Olise one behind Pele; Haaland 25 in 13 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701204944/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49230559/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-kylian-mbappe-tops-lionel-messi-beats-ronaldo-record-michael-olise-pele-erling-haaland-25-mora |archive-date=1 July 2026 |access-date=1 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played on 20 September 2026}}<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|new_id=mora-gilberto/6oBtqO4C|access-date=29 September 2026}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}}<ref>{{NFT player}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Mexico |2025 |5 |0 |- |2026 |8 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !13 !1 |} {{Updated|match played on 26 September 2026}} :''Scores and results list Mexico's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mora goal.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Gilberto Mora ya zira ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |26 ga Satumba 2026 |Filin wasa na M&amp;amp;T Bank, Baltimore, Amurka | align="center" |13 |{{Fb|COL}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |Abokantaka |} == Daraja == '''Mexico''' * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa lashe babbar gasa ta duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Who Is Gilberto Mora and Why Can't He Move to Europe Yet? |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709100934/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/articles/who-is-gilberto-mora-and-why-can-t-he-move-to-europe-yet-2025-07-07 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=beIN Sports}}</ref> * Matashi mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Liga MX <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tijuana forward Gilberto Mora becomes youngest Liga MX scorer ever |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629162046/https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/story/sports/2024/08/31/gilberto-mora-club-tijuana-youngest-liga-mx-scorer-ever/75033131007/ |archive-date=29 June 2025 |access-date=7 July 2025}}</ref> * Dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fara bugawa tawagar Mexico <ref name=":0" /> == manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Gilberto Moraa filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Gilberto Moraa WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kr55fbai6jjd0bdhhaz6w6zxowt37x0 0 178811 965918 2026-10-10T19:57:06Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360132427|Matěj Gregor]]" 965918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matěj Gregor''' (an haife shi 12 Afrilu 2002) ɗan siyasan Czech ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai tun shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiříček |first=Petr |date=4 October 2025 |title=Matěj Gregor odmítl Babiše a jde s Motoristy do sněmovny. Toto je jeho příběh |url=https://moravskoslezsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/ostrava-volby-snemovna-motoriste-matej-gregor-pribeh-odmitnuti-babis.html |website=[[Deník]] |publisher=[[Vltava Labe Media]] |language=cs}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen matasa na Motorists for Themselves tun daga shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oppelt |first=Robert |date=10 November 2024 |title=Utahování si z Nerudové a hvězda Turek. Vznikl Motorgen, Motoristé pro mladé |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/motoriste-filip-turek-matej-gregor.A241109_195937_domaci_row |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2020, Gregor ya kafa kungiyar ''Odchod'' (lit. 'Departure') don ilimantar da jama'a kan batutuwan Eurosceptic da tallafawa raba gardama don barin Tarayyar Turai. Gidan zama, ayyukan da kudade sun kasance ba a bayyane ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stratilík |first=Ondřej |date=17 February 2026 |title="Dělali věci, které já jsem dělat nechtěl." Spolek poslance Gregora tají, kde funguje |url=https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/delali-veci-ktere-ja-jsem-delat-nechtel-spolek-poslance-gregora-taji-kde-funguje/r~aaa29b3b8b2382b869e92c39b6de0229/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=Aktuálně.cz |publisher=[[Economia]] |language=cs}}</ref> Kafin ya shiga Motorists for Themselves, Gregor ya kasance memba na Svobodní . A wannan lokacin, ya kasance daga cikin masu magana a zanga-zangar adawa da Gwamnatin Fiala da Ladislav Vrabel da Jindřich Rajchl suka shirya. A cikin Zaben majalisar dokokin Czech na 2025, an zabi Gregor a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin dan majalisa, tare da kuri'u 8,340. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky konané ve dnech 3.–4. 10. 2025 |url=https://www.volby.cz/app/ps2025/cs/name-lists/!_1_8100 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=volby.cz |language=cs}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] kl7ns32xc2b785c1gflmm2t8lqamvdp 965919 965918 2026-10-10T19:57:56Z Baffa ali 47435 965919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matěj Gregor''' (an haife shi 12 Afrilu 2002) ɗan siyasan Czech ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai tun shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiříček |first=Petr |date=4 October 2025 |title=Matěj Gregor odmítl Babiše a jde s Motoristy do sněmovny. Toto je jeho příběh |url=https://moravskoslezsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/ostrava-volby-snemovna-motoriste-matej-gregor-pribeh-odmitnuti-babis.html |website=[[Deník]] |publisher=[[Vltava Labe Media]] |language=cs}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen matasa na Motorists for Themselves tun daga shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oppelt |first=Robert |date=10 November 2024 |title=Utahování si z Nerudové a hvězda Turek. Vznikl Motorgen, Motoristé pro mladé |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/motoriste-filip-turek-matej-gregor.A241109_195937_domaci_row |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2020, Gregor ya kafa kungiyar ''Odchod'' (lit. 'Departure') don ilimantar da jama'a kan batutuwan Eurosceptic da tallafawa raba gardama don barin Tarayyar Turai. Gidan zama, ayyukan da kudade sun kasance ba a bayyane ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stratilík |first=Ondřej |date=17 February 2026 |title="Dělali věci, které já jsem dělat nechtěl." Spolek poslance Gregora tají, kde funguje |url=https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/delali-veci-ktere-ja-jsem-delat-nechtel-spolek-poslance-gregora-taji-kde-funguje/r~aaa29b3b8b2382b869e92c39b6de0229/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=Aktuálně.cz |publisher=[[Economia]] |language=cs}}</ref> Kafin ya shiga Motorists for Themselves, Gregor ya kasance memba na Svobodní . A wannan lokacin, ya kasance daga cikin masu magana a zanga-zangar adawa da Gwamnatin Fiala da Ladislav Vrabel da Jindřich Rajchl suka shirya. A cikin Zaben majalisar dokokin Czech na 2025, an zabi Gregor a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin dan majalisa, tare da kuri'u 8,340. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky konané ve dnech 3.–4. 10. 2025 |url=https://www.volby.cz/app/ps2025/cs/name-lists/!_1_8100 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=volby.cz |language=cs}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] 4umudxfe4detexp3bccic82w5e67j5h 965920 965919 2026-10-10T19:59:36Z Baffa ali 47435 965920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matěj Gregor''' (an haife shi 12 Afrilu 2002) ɗan siyasan Czech ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai tun shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiříček |first=Petr |date=4 October 2025 |title=Matěj Gregor odmítl Babiše a jde s Motoristy do sněmovny. Toto je jeho příběh |url=https://moravskoslezsky.denik.cz/zpravy_region/ostrava-volby-snemovna-motoriste-matej-gregor-pribeh-odmitnuti-babis.html |website=[[Deník]] |publisher=[[Vltava Labe Media]] |language=cs}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen matasa na Motorists for Themselves tun daga shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oppelt |first=Robert |date=10 November 2024 |title=Utahování si z Nerudové a hvězda Turek. Vznikl Motorgen, Motoristé pro mladé |url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/motoriste-filip-turek-matej-gregor.A241109_195937_domaci_row |website=[[iDNES.cz]] |publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]] |language=cs}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2020, Gregor ya kafa kungiyar ''Odchod'' (lit. 'Departure') don ilimantar da jama'a kan batutuwan Eurosceptic da tallafawa raba gardama don barin Tarayyar Turai. Gidan zama, ayyukan da kudade sun kasance ba a bayyane ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stratilík |first=Ondřej |date=17 February 2026 |title="Dělali věci, které já jsem dělat nechtěl." Spolek poslance Gregora tají, kde funguje |url=https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/delali-veci-ktere-ja-jsem-delat-nechtel-spolek-poslance-gregora-taji-kde-funguje/r~aaa29b3b8b2382b869e92c39b6de0229/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=Aktuálně.cz |publisher=[[Economia]] |language=cs}}</ref> Kafin ya shiga Motorists for Themselves, Gregor ya kasance memba na Svobodní . A wannan lokacin, ya kasance daga cikin masu magana a zanga-zangar adawa da Gwamnatin Fiala da Ladislav Vrabel da Jindřich Rajchl suka shirya.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kopecký|first=Josef|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/domaci/matej-gregor-motoriste-sobe-hvezda-protivladnich-demonstraci-vrabel-rajchl-svobodni.A240723_144609_domaci_kop|title=Nová tvář Motoristů Gregor: opustil Svobodné, řečnil na akcích proti vládě|work=[[iDNES.cz]]|date=23 July 2024|language=cs|publisher=[[Mafra (company)|Mafra]]|access-date=14 October 2025}}</ref> A cikin Zaben majalisar dokokin Czech na 2025, an zabi Gregor a Majalisar Wakilai a matsayin dan majalisa, tare da kuri'u 8,340. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Volby do Poslanecké sněmovny Parlamentu České republiky konané ve dnech 3.–4. 10. 2025 |url=https://www.volby.cz/app/ps2025/cs/name-lists/!_1_8100 |access-date=14 October 2025 |website=volby.cz |language=cs}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] dsaryqa5pg95pqbz2lag21u6j1gwcz1 3 178812 965929 2026-10-10T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965929 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jahangusha-ye Kiryu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jahangusha-ye Kiryu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hsqlg3g0pg33iqsq3irz3mxvuwlf6qx 3 178813 965930 2026-10-10T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965930 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, HistoriaTestisTemporum! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/HistoriaTestisTemporum|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) n4nzbnurdsb33o89nfwxqcj0dq2y28x 3 178814 965931 2026-10-10T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965931 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ftt2006! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ftt2006|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 4ev7rcw800nwucjfauh5n1d4odp4m17 3 178815 965932 2026-10-10T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965932 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Goddessofife! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Goddessofife|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 96bzp9oowgrz9pnb3ubrvdv295iljws 3 178816 965933 2026-10-10T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965933 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, JASpencer! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/JASpencer|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) blhy5sd6a6rk60vodvqi6ghefz0kjez 3 178817 965934 2026-10-10T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965934 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sadaiqbtc! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sadaiqbtc|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ncuj4urw63uoxnj3aqoxzabbns4de25 3 178818 965935 2026-10-10T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965935 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Marti1214! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Marti1214|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9x9p6jy0jlty6jgt2wbalofnqjainlu 3 178819 965936 2026-10-10T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965936 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Urchclair! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Urchclair|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0e1osdj0pambmkbtqc8cpd5qm9u6cc8 3 178820 965937 2026-10-10T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965937 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Brevtree! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Brevtree|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lnh2w3b816x2pqcyjqbtte0nmue4em1 3 178821 965938 2026-10-10T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965938 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, রাইহান আহমেদ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/রাইহান আহমেদ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) fxqyjc0fseitk46mctienw4j8xxre5k 3 178822 965939 2026-10-10T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965939 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Blqk yeloow! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Blqk yeloow|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ebwpt6d2r2ga9189056khx8z66b4zzi 3 178823 965940 2026-10-10T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965940 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hafsat Rabiu Magaji! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hafsat Rabiu Magaji|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) eikdu87jiuk242sjflrc1sxvixvjiwx 3 178824 965941 2026-10-10T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965941 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 大杉 芳文! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/大杉 芳文|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) qylmppk4e1djuooqafayf1tf3v2gaaw 3 178825 965942 2026-10-10T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965942 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Doric Loon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Doric Loon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ju8nh0odwx1mhb3u54duxrfbzq9vrrw 3 178826 965943 2026-10-10T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965943 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sabbync! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sabbync|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 2ge4addcaiok0xaupd7b0rskqbdhiwx 3 178827 965944 2026-10-10T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965944 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aliyu Aminu Dandutse! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aliyu Aminu Dandutse|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 4g42ysbmrxips3uayu2qiam2ncpbay6 3 178828 965945 2026-10-10T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965945 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ASPDANMAKA! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ASPDANMAKA|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jn2x2ucx6ve613gh3w0olktsdwjzx07 3 178829 965946 2026-10-10T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965946 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Umar Abdullahi Suleiman! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umar Abdullahi Suleiman|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 2xft8qz1b336xp1m91p8o49b8lm8exr 3 178830 965947 2026-10-10T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965947 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Giorgio Eusebio Petetti! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Giorgio Eusebio Petetti|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gyebrlap7re7khg1ddpj836nezy5ool 3 178831 965948 2026-10-10T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965948 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LeonIm24! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LeonIm24|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dn4qdenivxmwzpeshl4arldi2gb1e0u 3 178832 965949 2026-10-10T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965949 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibraheemsadeeq6! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibraheemsadeeq6|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) cjfczig33ayivmql6jqrvj7j2xntsrz 3 178833 965950 2026-10-10T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965950 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anoopgopinathansctimst! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anoopgopinathansctimst|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) cru0vk361kwwxq2v03rbrasweyzx99n 3 178834 965951 2026-10-10T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965951 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LN1979morocco! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LN1979morocco|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 9s02jyjzv4tus7ovggp5f3e0dh20mgt 3 178835 965952 2026-10-10T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965952 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aliyu yahayya! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aliyu yahayya|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ncp49ufoma8i8fpclznszzmk9o3t29v 3 178836 965953 2026-10-10T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965953 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lpsaikrishnak! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lpsaikrishnak|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) h2fas90nea3bk79hlwvqnuzujdsomrh 3 178837 965954 2026-10-10T21:27:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965954 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, إسماعيل يحيى عبدالله! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/إسماعيل يحيى عبدالله|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jtbt34swe1zn0xtp3vqfn20x6ru8frt 3 178838 965955 2026-10-10T21:27:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965955 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DoctorAB! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DoctorAB|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lh72a77qd5vvluzqe50o4blp11pesl9 3 178839 965956 2026-10-10T21:27:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965956 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yasirmedlab! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yasirmedlab|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lyea1v5yovgftj6gbgkz0b88f3fssb3 3 178840 965957 2026-10-10T21:27:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965957 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Piccco! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Piccco|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) b8yzf7o0hr7jvy8zakxwj2c2e3gvfn8 3 178841 965958 2026-10-10T21:28:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965958 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, KerbHopper! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/KerbHopper|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) tnlxii1wie56r35ki9uuw86lktiw802 3 178842 965959 2026-10-10T21:28:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965959 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hafsat bello shaiskawa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hafsat bello shaiskawa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1r5jry46riaek4c54qug45yc0nj8y19 3 178843 965960 2026-10-10T21:28:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 965960 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Αρχιμηδ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Αρχιμηδ|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 10 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) gw1vpjs5uztqq3n1173dj8p3xdykqtc 0 178844 965967 2026-10-10T22:05:17Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352286844|Vineeta Singh]]" 965967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vineeta Singh''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, kuma wanda ya kafa Sugar Cosmetics. Ta kasance mai sha'awar Shark (watau alkali/mai saka hannun jari) a shirin talabijin na gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' tun lokacin da shirin ya fara nunawa a SonyLIV a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Hardest Part Is..." Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh On Death Reports |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shark-tank-india-vineeta-singh-dismisses-fake-reports-and-rumours-of-her-death-arrest-5484186 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Singh a shekarar 1983 a Anand, Gujarat.<ref name="BI1">{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Eetika |date=25 January 2023 |title=Early Life |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051554/https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta tana da digirin PhD, mahaifinta kuma Tej P. Singh ƙwararre ne a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Indiya.<ref name="forbes1">{{Cite web |last=Meghani |first=Varsha |date=23 November 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, and the passion for the impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Jama'a ta Delhi, RK Puram a shekarar 2001. <ref name="sharktank">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh Sugar Cosmetics CEO The Next Judge of Shark Tank India |url=https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164619/https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=SharkTank.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta shiga IIT Madras a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Citation|last1=amp}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatun injiniyan lantarki a IIT-M kuma ta sami digirin farko a shekarar 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oberoi |first=Pragatti |date=18 August 2022 |title=How to become a CEO? Vineeta Singh guides on the role of mathematics, IITs, IIMs and the skills needed |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207105433/https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=TimesNow}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta sami digirin MBA daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad a shekarar 2007. <ref name="mint">{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Shrabonti |date=21 May 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: On a SUGAR high |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131230155/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin karatun MBA ɗinta, a shekarar 2006, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da ɗalibai a lokacin bazara a Deutsche Bank kuma ta ƙi aiki duk da albashin shekara-shekara na ₹1 - crore . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Sutrishna |date=22 April 2020 |title=The IIM Alumnus Who Turned Down a Rs 1 Cr Job to Launch a Rs.100 Cr Cosmetics Empire. |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217071202/https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Yahoo}}</ref> Singh da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri waɗanda suka ƙi wannan tayin sun so su fara kasuwancin tufafinsu na kansu, <ref name="Telegraph 2006">{{Cite web |title=No to crore-a-year to make lingerie |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200940/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en |publication-date=28 December 2006}}</ref> amma ra'ayin bai yi nasara ba domin ba za su iya tara kuɗin da ake buƙata ba. <ref name="mint" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2007, Singh ta kafa kamfaninta na farko mai suna Quetzal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angels dare to fly: Indian women are getting into entrepreneurial roles |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba da tabbacin tantance bayanan ga masu daukar ma'aikata bai yi nasara ba. Ta fara kamfaninta na biyu mai suna Fab-Bag a shekarar 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics Founder Story |url=https://startupfox.in/article/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-founder-story |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=StartupFox |publisher=StartupFox |language=en}}</ref> wani dandamali na biyan kuɗi wanda ke samar da kayayyakin kwalliya kowane wata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=The Sweet and Bitter Story of Sugar Cosmetic Founder: Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104432/https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=startup insider}}</ref> Kamfaninta na uku, Sugar Cosmetics, Singh, an kafa shi tare da mijinta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, And The Passion For The Impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> Kamfanin yana sayar da [[Kwalliya|kayan kwalliya]] da kayan kula da kai waɗanda aka tsara don kasuwar Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Shwweta |date=26 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sweet success. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> Bayan kammala yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 50 da kamfanin hannun jari mai zaman kansa L Catterton, Singh ya bayyana kayayyakin kamfanin a matsayin wadanda suka dace da fifikon mata masu launin fata daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=31 May 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics closes $50 million in series D fundraise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124194832/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2022, jarumi [[Ranveer singh|Ranveer Singh]] ya zuba jarin da ba a bayyana adadinsa ba kuma ya zama "mai wa'azin alamar" na Sugar Cosmetics. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Ratna |date=3 September 2022 |title=Actor Ranveer Singh invests in Sugar Cosmetics |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127211739/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=3 September 2022 |title=Ranveer Singh invests in SUGAR Cosmetics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127212234/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ya bayyana a shafukan mujallu na kasuwanci, kamar ''Forbes India'', ''Business Today'', da ''Businessworld'' . {{Refn|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Brian |date=22 November 2021 |title=Forbes India W-Power 2021: Role models who will inspire a generation |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114171240/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Editor's Note" including image of cover showing Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2022 |title=Issue for 13 November 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222146/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en}} ''(Shows cover of 13 November 2022 print issue which features and names Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2022 |title=Sugar Rush |url=https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |access-date=15 January 2023 |language=en |via=[[Twitter]] |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051557/https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Image of cover showing Singh and teaser to the corresponding cover story)''</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajiv |date=9 September 2021 |title=Sugar cosmetics: Lips don't lie |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130080154/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Ta shaida wa ''Business Today'' cewa, a da ana bayar da tallafin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin sharaɗin cewa mijinta ya shiga kamfanin na cikakken lokaci, wanda take ganin a matsayin [[Wariyar Jinsi|wariya ga jinsi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaidi |first=Tarab |date=21 December 2022 |title=Investors refused to fund Sugar until my husband joined it |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107010037/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sugar Sugar, Ah! Money, Money |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Sugar-Sugar-Ah-Money-Money/16-12-2022-458323/ |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Businessworld]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ''Forbes India'' ta sanya Singh a cikin jerin mata da suka yi fice a fannin W-Power a Forbes India. <ref name="forbes2">{{Cite web |title=W-Power 2021 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119074348/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="forbes1" /> A shekarar 2023, jarumar Bollywood [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena Kapoor Khan]] ta kulla kawance da Singh da mijinta, don kaddamar da wani kamfanin kula da fata na Koriya mai suna Quench Botanics a Indiya. <ref name="KKKJV">{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=13 October 2023 |title=Kareena Kapoor Khan becomes co-owner of Vineeta Singh's Quench Botanics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019095739/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Business Line |language=en}}</ref> A farkon shekarar 2024, Singh ta bayyana cewa tana shirya kayan kwalliya na Sugar Cosmetics don samun IPO . Don haka, ta yi niyya ga jadawalin da zai ɗauki kimanin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Dangane da hukumar gudanarwa, lokacin da ya dace zai buƙaci kamfanin ya kasance mai riba da kwanciyar hankali a kan kuɗin shiga sama da ₹1000-crore. A lokacin hirar, ra'ayin Sugar Cosmetic ya kasance mai kyau. Kamfanin ya fahimci cewa wata na farko da ya fara samun riba a duniya, kuma kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara sun karu da kusan kashi 20% zuwa sama da ₹500-crore. An dakatar da wannan ci gaba mai kyau a shekarar 2025, lokacin da kudaden shiga suka ragu zuwa ₹415-crore kuma kamfanin ya samu asarar kusan kashi 26% (watau ₹108-crore). Sakamakon haka, kamfanin ya dage ranar da aka tsara IPO da wasu shekaru biyu. == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == Singh ta sami kyaututtuka da karramawa kamar haka, ko dai da kanta ko kuma don girmama nasarorin da Kamfanin Sugar Cosmetics ya samu a fannin kasuwanci: * Lambobin zinare 2 da azurfa 2 ga IIT Madras a cikin taron wasanni 4 na Inter IIT da suka halarta daga 2001-05 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Kabir Singh |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness. This Is Her Secret |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225132501/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> * Kamfanin Fara Kasuwanci na Shekarar 2019 ta Ɗan <nowiki><i id="mwsg">Kasuwa</i></nowiki> <ref name="wa" /> * Alamar da ta fi kowacce kyau a shekarar 2019 ta ''jaridar The Economic Times'' <ref name="wa" /> * 40 Under Forty 2020 ta ''Jaridar Economic Times'' <ref name="wa">{{Cite web |date=11 June 2021 |title=The Economic Times 40 Under Forty (2020) |url=https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164144/https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=The WIMWIAN-IIMA Alumni Magazine}}</ref> * 40 ƙasa da 40 2021 ta <nowiki><i id="mwxg">Fortune India</i></nowiki> <ref name="et">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Chaitrali |last2=Ramani |first2=Vyom |date=4 May 2023 |title=How Vineeta Singh's cosmetics startup is revolutionising the beauty industry |url=https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051559/https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=ET Edge Insights}}</ref> * Alamar Indiya Mafi Amincewa 2021 ta ''CNBC TV18'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=17th IMAGES Retail Awards honours excellence in the business of retail |url=https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164143/https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=India Retailing}}</ref> * Kyautar Dillalin da Aka Fi So a 2021 ta ''IMAGES'' <ref name="wa" /> * W-Power 2021 ta ''Forbes India'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anis |first=Fakeha |date=24 June 2024 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh reveals TWO major tips to deal with entrepreneurship stress; know HERE |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051556/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> * 40 a ƙarƙashin 40 2021 ta <nowiki><i id="mw4Q">BW Disrupt</i></nowiki> <ref name="et" /> * Matasan Shugabannin Duniya 2022 ta Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya <ref name="et" /> * MPW 2022 ta <nowiki><i id="mw7g">Business Today</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=MPW 2022 honours Ghazal Alagh, Roshni Nadar, Vineeta Singh and other star performers in business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529174539/https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> * Kyautar Ranar Mata Masu Nasara ta 2023 ta <nowiki><i id="mw9Q">DNA India</i></nowiki> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=DNA Women Achievers Awards 2023: Vineeta Singh wins in Startup category |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901122133/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=DNA India}}</ref> * MPW 2023 ta ''Business Today'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=BT's Most Powerful Women in Business awards: Celebrating success |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120052019/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> == Nishaɗi == Singh yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zuba jari/alkalai a shirin gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=17 January 2023 |title=Sugar's Vineeta Singh on how Shark Tank India changed her life: "My kids ask, why people want a photo with you." |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216090613/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Singh tare da sauran alkalan ''Shark Tank India'' sun bayyana a matsayin masu shiga gasar VIP a ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'', sigar Hindi ta ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title=KBC: Here's how Vineeta Singh, Aman Gupta, Anupam Mittal pitched for themselves to grab the hotseat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114150605/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin baƙo a shirin ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' tare da sauran alkalan Shark Tank India a cikin shekarar. <ref name="HindustanTimes1">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2022 |title=Kapil Sharma asks Shark Tank's Vineeta Singh about lipstick marks on husband's shirt, he has a funny response |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701030240/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 2011, Vineeta Singh ta auri Kaushik Mukherjee kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Arushi |date=18 April 2022 |title=Shark Tank India: From an athlete to business leader under 40, lesser-known facts about Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133100/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Ta haɗu da Kaushik a lokacin karatunsu a IIM Ahmedabad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics journey a part of IIM-A's case study, founders Kaushik Mukherjee & Vineeta Singh over the moon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133057/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=PICS: Ashneer Grover to Vineeta Singh; sneak peek into the family life of Shark Tank India judges |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206170943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Singh ɗan tseren triathlete ne da ultramathon kuma ya shiga tseren marathon guda 20, ultramathon, da kuma rabin marathon guda 12. <ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Vidya |date=25 September 2021 |title=Run, Vineeta, Run |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133054/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Business Today}}</ref> Ta kuma halarci tseren gudun kilomita 89 na 'yan Comrades daga 2012 zuwa 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh Bhandari |first=Kabir |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130084316/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> Ta kammala gasar Ironman Triathlon ta 2017 a Austria. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan Ram |first=Sharmila |date=22 October 2017 |title=Powai power couple on losing friends and becoming 'Iron Man' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207024255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A gasar Marathon ta Mumbai ta 2018, jimillar gudu 21&nbsp;km a cikin 2:42:51s yayin da take da ciki na watanni 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Sundari |date=22 January 2018 |title=Woman runs 21 km while being six months pregnant |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127222726/https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Mid-day}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dm6r8tm4ouak8va6j47pugpejftrake 965968 965967 2026-10-10T22:07:15Z Nnamadee 31123 965968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vineeta Singh''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, kuma wanda ya kafa Sugar Cosmetics. Ta kasance mai sha'awar Shark (watau alkali/mai saka hannun jari) a shirin talabijin na gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' tun lokacin da shirin ya fara nunawa a SonyLIV a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Hardest Part Is..." Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh On Death Reports |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shark-tank-india-vineeta-singh-dismisses-fake-reports-and-rumours-of-her-death-arrest-5484186 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Singh a shekarar 1983 a Anand, Gujarat.<ref name="BI1">{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Eetika |date=25 January 2023 |title=Early Life |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051554/https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta tana da digirin PhD, mahaifinta kuma Tej P. Singh ƙwararre ne a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Indiya.<ref name="forbes1">{{Cite web |last=Meghani |first=Varsha |date=23 November 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, and the passion for the impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Jama'a ta Delhi, RK Puram a shekarar 2001. <ref name="sharktank">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh Sugar Cosmetics CEO The Next Judge of Shark Tank India |url=https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164619/https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=SharkTank.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta shiga IIT Madras a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Citation|last1=amp}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatun injiniyan lantarki a IIT-M kuma ta sami digirin farko a shekarar 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oberoi |first=Pragatti |date=18 August 2022 |title=How to become a CEO? Vineeta Singh guides on the role of mathematics, IITs, IIMs and the skills needed |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207105433/https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=TimesNow}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta sami digirin MBA daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad a shekarar 2007. <ref name="mint">{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Shrabonti |date=21 May 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: On a SUGAR high |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131230155/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin karatun MBA ɗinta, a shekarar 2006, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da ɗalibai a lokacin bazara a Deutsche Bank kuma ta ƙi aiki duk da albashin shekara-shekara na ₹1 - crore . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Sutrishna |date=22 April 2020 |title=The IIM Alumnus Who Turned Down a Rs 1 Cr Job to Launch a Rs.100 Cr Cosmetics Empire. |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217071202/https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Yahoo}}</ref> Singh da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri waɗanda suka ƙi wannan tayin sun so su fara kasuwancin tufafinsu na kansu, <ref name="Telegraph 2006">{{Cite web |title=No to crore-a-year to make lingerie |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200940/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en |publication-date=28 December 2006}}</ref> amma ra'ayin bai yi nasara ba domin ba za su iya tara kuɗin da ake buƙata ba. <ref name="mint" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2007, Singh ta kafa kamfaninta na farko mai suna Quetzal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angels dare to fly: Indian women are getting into entrepreneurial roles |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba da tabbacin tantance bayanan ga masu daukar ma'aikata bai yi nasara ba. Ta fara kamfaninta na biyu mai suna Fab-Bag a shekarar 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics Founder Story |url=https://startupfox.in/article/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-founder-story |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=StartupFox |publisher=StartupFox |language=en}}</ref> wani dandamali na biyan kuɗi wanda ke samar da kayayyakin kwalliya kowane wata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=The Sweet and Bitter Story of Sugar Cosmetic Founder: Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104432/https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=startup insider}}</ref> Kamfaninta na uku, Sugar Cosmetics, Singh, an kafa shi tare da mijinta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, And The Passion For The Impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> Kamfanin yana sayar da [[Kwalliya|kayan kwalliya]] da kayan kula da kai waɗanda aka tsara don kasuwar Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Shwweta |date=26 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sweet success. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> Bayan kammala yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 50 da kamfanin hannun jari mai zaman kansa L Catterton, Singh ya bayyana kayayyakin kamfanin a matsayin wadanda suka dace da fifikon mata masu launin fata daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=31 May 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics closes $50 million in series D fundraise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124194832/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2022, jarumi [[Ranveer singh|Ranveer Singh]] ya zuba jarin da ba a bayyana adadinsa ba kuma ya zama "mai wa'azin alamar" na Sugar Cosmetics. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Ratna |date=3 September 2022 |title=Actor Ranveer Singh invests in Sugar Cosmetics |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127211739/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=3 September 2022 |title=Ranveer Singh invests in SUGAR Cosmetics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127212234/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ya bayyana a shafukan mujallu na kasuwanci, kamar ''Forbes India'', ''Business Today'', da ''Businessworld'' . {{Refn|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Brian |date=22 November 2021 |title=Forbes India W-Power 2021: Role models who will inspire a generation |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114171240/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Editor's Note" including image of cover showing Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2022 |title=Issue for 13 November 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222146/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en}} ''(Shows cover of 13 November 2022 print issue which features and names Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2022 |title=Sugar Rush |url=https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |access-date=15 January 2023 |language=en |via=[[Twitter]] |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051557/https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Image of cover showing Singh and teaser to the corresponding cover story)''</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajiv |date=9 September 2021 |title=Sugar cosmetics: Lips don't lie |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130080154/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Ta shaida wa ''Business Today'' cewa, a da ana bayar da tallafin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin sharaɗin cewa mijinta ya shiga kamfanin na cikakken lokaci, wanda take ganin a matsayin [[Wariyar Jinsi|wariya ga jinsi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaidi |first=Tarab |date=21 December 2022 |title=Investors refused to fund Sugar until my husband joined it |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107010037/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sugar Sugar, Ah! Money, Money |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Sugar-Sugar-Ah-Money-Money/16-12-2022-458323/ |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Businessworld]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ''Forbes India'' ta sanya Singh a cikin jerin mata da suka yi fice a fannin W-Power a Forbes India. <ref name="forbes2">{{Cite web |title=W-Power 2021 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119074348/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="forbes1" /> A shekarar 2023, jarumar Bollywood [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena Kapoor Khan]] ta kulla kawance da Singh da mijinta, don kaddamar da wani kamfanin kula da fata na Koriya mai suna Quench Botanics a Indiya. <ref name="KKKJV">{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=13 October 2023 |title=Kareena Kapoor Khan becomes co-owner of Vineeta Singh's Quench Botanics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019095739/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Business Line |language=en}}</ref> A farkon shekarar 2024, Singh ta bayyana cewa tana shirya kayan kwalliya na Sugar Cosmetics don samun IPO . Don haka, ta yi niyya ga jadawalin da zai ɗauki kimanin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Dangane da hukumar gudanarwa, lokacin da ya dace zai buƙaci kamfanin ya kasance mai riba da kwanciyar hankali a kan kuɗin shiga sama da ₹1000-crore. A lokacin hirar, ra'ayin Sugar Cosmetic ya kasance mai kyau. Kamfanin ya fahimci cewa wata na farko da ya fara samun riba a duniya, kuma kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara sun karu da kusan kashi 20% zuwa sama da ₹500-crore. An dakatar da wannan ci gaba mai kyau a shekarar 2025, lokacin da kudaden shiga suka ragu zuwa ₹415-crore kuma kamfanin ya samu asarar kusan kashi 26% (watau ₹108-crore). Sakamakon haka, kamfanin ya dage ranar da aka tsara IPO da wasu shekaru biyu. == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == Singh ta sami kyaututtuka da karramawa kamar haka, ko dai da kanta ko kuma don girmama nasarorin da Kamfanin Sugar Cosmetics ya samu a fannin kasuwanci: * Lambobin zinare 2 da azurfa 2 ga IIT Madras a cikin taron wasanni 4 na Inter IIT da suka halarta daga 2001-05 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Kabir Singh |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness. This Is Her Secret |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225132501/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> * Kamfanin Fara Kasuwanci na Shekarar 2019 ta Ɗan Kasuwa<ref name="wa" /> * Alamar da ta fi kowacce kyau a shekarar 2019 ta ''jaridar The Economic Times'' <ref name="wa" /> * 40 Under Forty 2020 ta ''Jaridar Economic Times'' <ref name="wa">{{Cite web |date=11 June 2021 |title=The Economic Times 40 Under Forty (2020) |url=https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164144/https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=The WIMWIAN-IIMA Alumni Magazine}}</ref> * 40 ƙasa da 40 2021 ta Fortune India <ref name="et">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Chaitrali |last2=Ramani |first2=Vyom |date=4 May 2023 |title=How Vineeta Singh's cosmetics startup is revolutionising the beauty industry |url=https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051559/https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=ET Edge Insights}}</ref> * Alamar Indiya Mafi Amincewa 2021 ta ''CNBC TV18'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=17th IMAGES Retail Awards honours excellence in the business of retail |url=https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164143/https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=India Retailing}}</ref> * Kyautar Dillalin da Aka Fi So a 2021 ta ''IMAGES'' <ref name="wa" /> * W-Power 2021 ta ''Forbes India'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anis |first=Fakeha |date=24 June 2024 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh reveals TWO major tips to deal with entrepreneurship stress; know HERE |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051556/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> * 40 a ƙarƙashin 40 2021 ta BW Disrupt<ref name="et" /> * Matasan Shugabannin Duniya 2022 ta Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya <ref name="et" /> * MPW 2022 ta Business Today <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=MPW 2022 honours Ghazal Alagh, Roshni Nadar, Vineeta Singh and other star performers in business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529174539/https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> * Kyautar Ranar Mata Masu Nasara ta 2023 ta DNA India<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=DNA Women Achievers Awards 2023: Vineeta Singh wins in Startup category |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901122133/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=DNA India}}</ref> * MPW 2023 ta ''Business Today'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=BT's Most Powerful Women in Business awards: Celebrating success |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120052019/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> == Nishaɗi == Singh yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zuba jari/alkalai a shirin gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=17 January 2023 |title=Sugar's Vineeta Singh on how Shark Tank India changed her life: "My kids ask, why people want a photo with you." |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216090613/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Singh tare da sauran alkalan ''Shark Tank India'' sun bayyana a matsayin masu shiga gasar VIP a ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'', sigar Hindi ta ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title=KBC: Here's how Vineeta Singh, Aman Gupta, Anupam Mittal pitched for themselves to grab the hotseat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114150605/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin baƙo a shirin ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' tare da sauran alkalan Shark Tank India a cikin shekarar. <ref name="HindustanTimes1">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2022 |title=Kapil Sharma asks Shark Tank's Vineeta Singh about lipstick marks on husband's shirt, he has a funny response |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701030240/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 2011, Vineeta Singh ta auri Kaushik Mukherjee kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Arushi |date=18 April 2022 |title=Shark Tank India: From an athlete to business leader under 40, lesser-known facts about Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133100/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Ta haɗu da Kaushik a lokacin karatunsu a IIM Ahmedabad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics journey a part of IIM-A's case study, founders Kaushik Mukherjee & Vineeta Singh over the moon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133057/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=PICS: Ashneer Grover to Vineeta Singh; sneak peek into the family life of Shark Tank India judges |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206170943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Singh ɗan tseren triathlete ne da ultramathon kuma ya shiga tseren marathon guda 20, ultramathon, da kuma rabin marathon guda 12. <ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Vidya |date=25 September 2021 |title=Run, Vineeta, Run |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133054/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Business Today}}</ref> Ta kuma halarci tseren gudun kilomita 89 na 'yan Comrades daga 2012 zuwa 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh Bhandari |first=Kabir |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130084316/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> Ta kammala gasar Ironman Triathlon ta 2017 a Austria. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan Ram |first=Sharmila |date=22 October 2017 |title=Powai power couple on losing friends and becoming 'Iron Man' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207024255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A gasar Marathon ta Mumbai ta 2018, jimillar gudu 21&nbsp;km a cikin 2:42:51s yayin da take da ciki na watanni 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Sundari |date=22 January 2018 |title=Woman runs 21 km while being six months pregnant |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127222726/https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Mid-day}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tdehyjjrs9n0rqaosfithcga1uxevhd 965969 965968 2026-10-10T22:08:03Z Nnamadee 31123 965969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vineeta Singh''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, kuma wanda ya kafa Sugar Cosmetics. Ta kasance mai sha'awar Shark (watau alkali/mai saka hannun jari) a shirin talabijin na gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' tun lokacin da shirin ya fara nunawa a SonyLIV a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Hardest Part Is..." Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh On Death Reports |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shark-tank-india-vineeta-singh-dismisses-fake-reports-and-rumours-of-her-death-arrest-5484186 |access-date=2024-10-06 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Singh a shekarar 1983 a Anand, Gujarat.<ref name="BI1">{{Cite web |last=Kapoor |first=Eetika |date=25 January 2023 |title=Early Life |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051554/https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/rejecting-a-1-crore-job-offer-to-founding-sugar-cosmetics-journey-of-shark-vineeta-singh/slidelist/97303364.cms |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta tana da digirin PhD, mahaifinta kuma Tej P. Singh ƙwararre ne a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Indiya.<ref name="forbes1">{{Cite web |last=Meghani |first=Varsha |date=23 November 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, and the passion for the impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=1 February 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Jama'a ta Delhi, RK Puram a shekarar 2001. <ref name="sharktank">{{Cite web |date=19 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh Sugar Cosmetics CEO The Next Judge of Shark Tank India |url=https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164619/https://sharktank.co.in/blog-post/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=SharkTank.co.in |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ta shiga IIT Madras a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Citation|last1=amp}}</ref> Singh ta kammala karatun injiniyan lantarki a IIT-M kuma ta sami digirin farko a shekarar 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oberoi |first=Pragatti |date=18 August 2022 |title=How to become a CEO? Vineeta Singh guides on the role of mathematics, IITs, IIMs and the skills needed |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207105433/https://www.timesnownews.com/jobs/how-to-become-a-ceo-vineeta-singh-guides-on-the-role-of-mathematics-iits-iims-and-the-skills-needed-excl--article-93616804 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=TimesNow}}</ref> Bayan haka, ta sami digirin MBA daga Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad a shekarar 2007. <ref name="mint">{{Cite web |last=Bagchi |first=Shrabonti |date=21 May 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: On a SUGAR high |url=https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131230155/https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/big-story/vineeta-singh-on-a-sugar-high-111621425962738.html |archive-date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin karatun MBA ɗinta, a shekarar 2006, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da ɗalibai a lokacin bazara a Deutsche Bank kuma ta ƙi aiki duk da albashin shekara-shekara na ₹1 - crore . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Sutrishna |date=22 April 2020 |title=The IIM Alumnus Who Turned Down a Rs 1 Cr Job to Launch a Rs.100 Cr Cosmetics Empire. |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217071202/https://www.yahoo.com/news/iim-alumnus-turned-down-1-cr-job-launch-billion-dollar-cosmetics-empire-030026510.html |archive-date=17 December 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Yahoo}}</ref> Singh da sauran waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri waɗanda suka ƙi wannan tayin sun so su fara kasuwancin tufafinsu na kansu, <ref name="Telegraph 2006">{{Cite web |title=No to crore-a-year to make lingerie |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124200940/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/no-to-crore-a-year-to-make-lingerie/cid/746845 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en |publication-date=28 December 2006}}</ref> amma ra'ayin bai yi nasara ba domin ba za su iya tara kuɗin da ake buƙata ba. <ref name="mint" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2007, Singh ta kafa kamfaninta na farko mai suna Quetzal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angels dare to fly: Indian women are getting into entrepreneurial roles |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/biz-entrepreneurship/angels-dare-to-fly-indian-women-are-getting-into-entrepreneurial-roles/vineeta-singh-founder-of-quetzal/slideshow/5657930.cms |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba da tabbacin tantance bayanan ga masu daukar ma'aikata bai yi nasara ba. Ta fara kamfaninta na biyu mai suna Fab-Bag a shekarar 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics Founder Story |url=https://startupfox.in/article/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-founder-story |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=StartupFox |publisher=StartupFox |language=en}}</ref> wani dandamali na biyan kuɗi wanda ke samar da kayayyakin kwalliya kowane wata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=The Sweet and Bitter Story of Sugar Cosmetic Founder: Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104432/https://www.startupinsider.in/the-sweet-and-bitter-story-of-sugar-cosmetic-founder-vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=startup insider}}</ref> Kamfaninta na uku, Sugar Cosmetics, Singh, an kafa shi tare da mijinta a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vineeta Singh: Sugar Cosmetics, And The Passion For The Impossible |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130181823/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-2021/vineeta-singh-sugar-cosmetics-and-the-passion-for-the-impossible/71707/1 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Forbes India}}</ref> Kamfanin yana sayar da [[Kwalliya|kayan kwalliya]] da kayan kula da kai waɗanda aka tsara don kasuwar Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Shwweta |date=26 December 2021 |title=Vineeta Singh: Sweet success. |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214104428/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/entrepreneurs/story/20220103-vineeta-singh-sweet-success-1892493-2021-12-26 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> Bayan kammala yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 50 da kamfanin hannun jari mai zaman kansa L Catterton, Singh ya bayyana kayayyakin kamfanin a matsayin wadanda suka dace da fifikon mata masu launin fata daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kandavel |first=Sangeetha |date=31 May 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics closes $50 million in series D fundraise |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124194832/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sugar-cosmetics-closes-50-million-in-series-d-fundraise/article65479609.ece |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2022, jarumi [[Ranveer singh|Ranveer Singh]] ya zuba jarin da ba a bayyana adadinsa ba kuma ya zama "mai wa'azin alamar" na Sugar Cosmetics. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Ratna |date=3 September 2022 |title=Actor Ranveer Singh invests in Sugar Cosmetics |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127211739/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/actor-ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/articleshow/93964248.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=3 September 2022 |title=Ranveer Singh invests in SUGAR Cosmetics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127212234/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ranveer-singh-invests-in-sugar-cosmetics/article65844446.ece |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=[[Business Line]] |language=en}}</ref> Singh ya bayyana a shafukan mujallu na kasuwanci, kamar ''Forbes India'', ''Business Today'', da ''Businessworld'' . {{Refn|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carvalho |first=Brian |date=22 November 2021 |title=Forbes India W-Power 2021: Role models who will inspire a generation |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114171240/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/column/forbes-india-wpower-2021-role-models-who-will-inspire-a-generation/71681/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Editor's Note" including image of cover showing Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2022 |title=Issue for 13 November 2022 |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115222146/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/issue/2022-11-13 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en}} ''(Shows cover of 13 November 2022 print issue which features and names Singh)''</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2022 |title=Sugar Rush |url=https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |access-date=15 January 2023 |language=en |via=[[Twitter]] |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051557/https://twitter.com/vineetasng/status/1608765061014880256/photo/1 |url-status=live }} ''("Image of cover showing Singh and teaser to the corresponding cover story)''</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=July 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Rajiv |date=9 September 2021 |title=Sugar cosmetics: Lips don't lie |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Forbes India]] |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130080154/https://www.forbesindia.com/article/onlinefirst-brands/sugar-cosmetics-lips-dont-lie/61463/1 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Ta shaida wa ''Business Today'' cewa, a da ana bayar da tallafin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin sharaɗin cewa mijinta ya shiga kamfanin na cikakken lokaci, wanda take ganin a matsayin [[Wariyar Jinsi|wariya ga jinsi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaidi |first=Tarab |date=21 December 2022 |title=Investors refused to fund Sugar until my husband joined it |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107010037/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/investors-refused-to-fund-sugar-until-my-husband-joined-it-shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-357296-2022-12-21 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=15 January 2023 |website=[[Business Today (India)]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sugar Sugar, Ah! Money, Money |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Sugar-Sugar-Ah-Money-Money/16-12-2022-458323/ |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Businessworld]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ''Forbes India'' ta sanya Singh a cikin jerin mata da suka yi fice a fannin W-Power a Forbes India. <ref name="forbes2">{{Cite web |title=W-Power 2021 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119074348/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/wpower-2021/1993/1 |archive-date=19 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="forbes1" /> A shekarar 2023, jarumar Bollywood [[Kareena Kapoor|Kareena Kapoor Khan]] ta kulla kawance da Singh da mijinta, don kaddamar da wani kamfanin kula da fata na Koriya mai suna Quench Botanics a Indiya. <ref name="KKKJV">{{Cite web |last=Verma Ambwani |first=Meenakshi |date=13 October 2023 |title=Kareena Kapoor Khan becomes co-owner of Vineeta Singh's Quench Botanics |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019095739/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/kareena-kapoor-khan-becomes-co-owner-of-vineeta-singhs-quench-botanics/article67413049.ece |archive-date=19 October 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Business Line |language=en}}</ref> A farkon shekarar 2024, Singh ta bayyana cewa tana shirya kayan kwalliya na Sugar Cosmetics don samun IPO . Don haka, ta yi niyya ga jadawalin da zai ɗauki kimanin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Dangane da hukumar gudanarwa, lokacin da ya dace zai buƙaci kamfanin ya kasance mai riba da kwanciyar hankali a kan kuɗin shiga sama da ₹1000-crore. A lokacin hirar, ra'ayin Sugar Cosmetic ya kasance mai kyau. Kamfanin ya fahimci cewa wata na farko da ya fara samun riba a duniya, kuma kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara sun karu da kusan kashi 20% zuwa sama da ₹500-crore. An dakatar da wannan ci gaba mai kyau a shekarar 2025, lokacin da kudaden shiga suka ragu zuwa ₹415-crore kuma kamfanin ya samu asarar kusan kashi 26% (watau ₹108-crore). Sakamakon haka, kamfanin ya dage ranar da aka tsara IPO da wasu shekaru biyu. == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == Singh ta sami kyaututtuka da karramawa kamar haka, ko dai da kanta ko kuma don girmama nasarorin da Kamfanin Sugar Cosmetics ya samu a fannin kasuwanci: * Lambobin zinare 2 da azurfa 2 ga IIT Madras a cikin taron wasanni 4 na Inter IIT da suka halarta daga 2001-05 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Kabir Singh |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness. This Is Her Secret |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225132501/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> * Kamfanin Fara Kasuwanci na Shekarar 2019 ta Ɗan Kasuwa<ref name="wa" /> * Alamar da ta fi kowacce kyau a shekarar 2019 ta ''jaridar The Economic Times'' <ref name="wa" /> * 40 Under Forty 2020 ta ''Jaridar Economic Times'' <ref name="wa">{{Cite web |date=11 June 2021 |title=The Economic Times 40 Under Forty (2020) |url=https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164144/https://wimwian.iima.ac.in/2021/06/11/vineeta-singh/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=The WIMWIAN-IIMA Alumni Magazine}}</ref> * 40 ƙasa da 40 2021 ta Fortune India <ref name="et">{{Cite web |last=Joshi |first=Chaitrali |last2=Ramani |first2=Vyom |date=4 May 2023 |title=How Vineeta Singh's cosmetics startup is revolutionising the beauty industry |url=https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051559/https://etedge-insights.com/how-vineeta-singhs-cosmetics-startup-is-revolutionising-the-beauty-industry/ |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=ET Edge Insights}}</ref> * Alamar Indiya Mafi Amincewa 2021 ta ''CNBC TV18'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=17th IMAGES Retail Awards honours excellence in the business of retail |url=https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630164143/https://www.indiaretailing.com/2021/11/12/17th-images-retail-awards-honours-excellence-in-the-business-of-retail/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |website=India Retailing}}</ref> * Kyautar Dillalin da Aka Fi So a 2021 ta ''IMAGES'' <ref name="wa" /> * W-Power 2021 ta ''Forbes India'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anis |first=Fakeha |date=24 June 2024 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh reveals TWO major tips to deal with entrepreneurship stress; know HERE |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701051556/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-reveals-two-major-tips-to-deal-with-entrepreneurship-stress-know-here-1320227 |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> * 40 a ƙarƙashin 40 2021 ta BW Disrupt<ref name="et" /> * Matasan Shugabannin Duniya 2022 ta Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya <ref name="et" /> * MPW 2022 ta Business Today <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2023 |title=MPW 2022 honours Ghazal Alagh, Roshni Nadar, Vineeta Singh and other star performers in business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529174539/https://www.businesstoday.in/mpw/story/mpw-2022-honours-ghazal-alagh-roshni-nadar-vineeta-singh-and-other-star-performers-in-business-375375-2023-03-29 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> * Kyautar Ranar Mata Masu Nasara ta 2023 ta DNA India<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2023 |title=DNA Women Achievers Awards 2023: Vineeta Singh wins in Startup category |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901122133/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-dna-women-achievers-awards-2023-vineeta-singh-wins-in-startup-category-3027495 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=DNA India}}</ref> * MPW 2023 ta ''Business Today'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2023 |title=BT's Most Powerful Women in Business awards: Celebrating success |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120052019/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/event/story/bts-most-powerful-women-in-business-awards-celebrating-success-377676-2023-04-17 |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=Business Today}}</ref> == Nishaɗi == Singh yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu zuba jari/alkalai a shirin gaskiya na kasuwanci ''Shark Tank India'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Farzeen |first=Sana |date=17 January 2023 |title=Sugar's Vineeta Singh on how Shark Tank India changed her life: "My kids ask, why people want a photo with you." |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216090613/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/vineeta-singh-shark-tank-india-fame-kids-ask-why-people-want-photo-with-you-8378441/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Singh tare da sauran alkalan ''Shark Tank India'' sun bayyana a matsayin masu shiga gasar VIP a ''Kaun Banega Crorepati'', sigar Hindi ta ''Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2022 |title=KBC: Here's how Vineeta Singh, Aman Gupta, Anupam Mittal pitched for themselves to grab the hotseat |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114150605/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kbc-here-s-how-vineeta-singh-aman-gupta-anupam-mittal-pitched-for-themselves-to-grab-the-hotseat-101672280279803.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma bayyana a matsayin baƙo a shirin ''The Kapil Sharma Show'' tare da sauran alkalan Shark Tank India a cikin shekarar. <ref name="HindustanTimes1">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2022 |title=Kapil Sharma asks Shark Tank's Vineeta Singh about lipstick marks on husband's shirt, he has a funny response |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701030240/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/kapil-sharma-asks-shark-tank-s-vineeta-singh-about-lipstick-marks-on-husband-s-shirt-he-has-a-funny-response-watch-101643455315545.html |archive-date=1 July 2024 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 2011, Vineeta Singh ta auri Kaushik Mukherjee kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Srivastava |first=Arushi |date=18 April 2022 |title=Shark Tank India: From an athlete to business leader under 40, lesser-known facts about Vineeta Singh |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133100/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/shark-tank-india-athlete-business-leader-under-40-lesser-known-facts-about-vineeta-singh-1068792 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[Pinkvilla]]}}</ref> Ta haɗu da Kaushik a lokacin karatunsu a IIM Ahmedabad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2022 |title=SUGAR Cosmetics journey a part of IIM-A's case study, founders Kaushik Mukherjee & Vineeta Singh over the moon |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133057/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/sugar-cosmetics-journey-a-part-of-iim-as-case-study-founders-kaushik-mukherjee-vineeta-singh-over-the-moon/articleshow/93677573.cms?from=mdR |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2022 |title=PICS: Ashneer Grover to Vineeta Singh; sneak peek into the family life of Shark Tank India judges |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206170943/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/pics-ashneer-grover-to-vineeta-singh-sneak-peek-into-the-family-life-of-shark-tank-india-judges/photostory/90016016.cms |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> Singh ɗan tseren triathlete ne da ultramathon kuma ya shiga tseren marathon guda 20, ultramathon, da kuma rabin marathon guda 12. <ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Vidya |date=25 September 2021 |title=Run, Vineeta, Run |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206133054/https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/network/story/run-vineeta-run-307624-2021-09-25 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Business Today}}</ref> Ta kuma halarci tseren gudun kilomita 89 na 'yan Comrades daga 2012 zuwa 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh Bhandari |first=Kabir |date=14 June 2022 |title=Shark Tank India's Vineeta Singh Has Amazing Stamina And Fitness |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130084316/https://www.entrepreneur.com/en-in/lifestyle/shark-tank-indias-vineeta-singh-has-amazing-stamina-and/429442 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Entrepreneur}}</ref> Ta kammala gasar Ironman Triathlon ta 2017 a Austria. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganesan Ram |first=Sharmila |date=22 October 2017 |title=Powai power couple on losing friends and becoming 'Iron Man' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207024255/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/powai-power-couple-on-losing-friends-and-becoming-iron-man/articleshow/61168600.cms |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> A gasar Marathon ta Mumbai ta 2018, jimillar gudu 21&nbsp;km a cikin 2:42:51s yayin da take da ciki na watanni 6. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iyer |first=Sundari |date=22 January 2018 |title=Woman runs 21 km while being six months pregnant |url=https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127222726/https://www.mid-day.com/mumbai/mumbai-news/article/mumbai-marathon-woman-runs-21-km-while-being-six-months-pregnant-18962182 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=Mid-day}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hhqm7rzd7xl90yai2wc2lwivtabd7ox 0 178845 965970 2026-10-10T22:08:44Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316767989|Geeta Aiyer]]" 965970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Geeta Aiyer''' ƴar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Indiya, shugabar kasuwanci, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, wacce aka fi sani da kafa kuma shugabar Boston Common Asset Management, wani kamfanin saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Aiyer a [[Chennai]], [[Indiya]] a shekarar 1958. Aiyer ya ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1983 don halartar Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard . Ita ce mace ta biyu 'yar Indiya da ta halarci makarantar kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a [[Kudi|fannin kuɗi]] a shekarar 1985. <ref name="IndiaNewEngland">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=In Chai With Manju, Woman of the Year 2014 Geeta Aiyer Talks About Her Selection for IAS, Second Indian Woman to Go to Harvard Business School and Entrepreneurial Journey |url=https://indianewengland.com/in-chai-with-manju-woman-of-the-year-2014-geeta-aiyer-talks-about-her-selection-for-ias-second-indian-woman-to-go-to-harvard-business-school-and-entrepreneurial-journey/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=IndiaNewEngland.com}}</ref> Aiyer kuma tana da digirin BA tare da girmamawa da kuma digirin MA daga Jami'ar Delhi, Indiya. <ref name="Endowments">{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.intentionalendowments.org/geeta_aiyer_bio |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=InternationalEndowments.org}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunsa a Harvard, Aiyer ya fara aiki da Cambridge Associates a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Ta kuma kafa kamfanin East India Spice, wanda shine kamfani na farko da ta fara kafawa a fannin kasuwanci. A shekarar 1988, Aiyer ya zama manajan manaja kuma manajan fayil a Kamfanin Amintaccen Amurka na Boston. Ta shawarci shugabannin manyan kantunan Albertsons bayan sun sha kaye a shari'ar dala miliyan 108 saboda hana mata damar ci gaba da aiki. Aiyer "ya nuna wa Albertsons cewa rashin adalcin ayyukan yi alhaki ne na kuɗi", wanda hakan ya sa kamfanin ya yi alƙawarin tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi a nan gaba. <ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Holding Business to Account |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=8018 |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=[[Harvard Business School]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1994, Aiyer ta kafa Walden Capital Management, ta amfani da kudaden shiga da ta samu daga gudanar da kamfaninta na farko. Aiyer ta ambaci cewa bin "manufofi biyu na samun riba ta kuɗi da sauyi a zamantakewa a madadin abokan cinikinta" a matsayin babban jigon kafa kamfani mai mai da hankali kan saka hannun jari mai alhaki . Daga 1998 zuwa 2002, Aiyer ya kasance shugaban Walden Asset Management. A shekara ta 2003, Aiyer ta kafa Boston Common Asset Management a matsayin kamfanin saka hannun jari mai dorewa mallakar ma'aikata. Aiyer ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta tun daga shekarar 2003, inda ta kula da kadarorin da darajarsu ta kai dala biliyan 5 a ƙarƙashin kulawarta. Boston Common an san ta da yin saka hannun jari a ɗabi'a, tana saka hannun jari daidai da manufofin [[Muhalli, zamantakewa, da gudanarwa na kamfanoni|muhalli, zamantakewa, da shugabanci na kamfanoni]] (ESG). Boston Common ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar [[Tasirin saka hannun jari|masu zuba jari masu tasiri]] don matsa wa Washington Redskins lamba ta canza sunan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafarsu saboda damuwar launin fata game da sunansu, wani kamfen da ya shafe shekaru 12 yana gudana. Ƙungiyar ta sauya sunanta a shekarar 2020 bayan kisan gillar George Floyd . Aiyer ya ce: "Akwai lokacin da za a yi wani abu idan, bayan wani kamfani yana yaƙi da kai, sai su yi watsi da kai ba zato ba tsammani domin ya bayyana a gare su cewa ba shi da amfani a ci gaba da faɗan." <ref name="Harvard" /> Aiyer a halin yanzu memba ne na kwamitin ba da shawara na Shirin auna tasirin da rarrabawa na Jami'ar Boston . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Board Members |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/affiliation/boardmember-current/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Aiyer ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji mai zaman kanta Direct Action for Women Now (DAWN), wadda ke fafutukar kare waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu bisa ga jinsi a Indiya . <ref name="IndiaNewEngland" /> <ref name="Endowments" /> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 2010, Asusun Tallafawa Mata ya ba Aiyer kyautar Mafi Girma ta Ganye <ref name="Endowments" /> * A shekarar 2014, Indiya New England ta sanya mata suna Mace ta Shekara <ref name="IndiaNewEngland" /> * A shekarar 2017, Aiyer ta sami kyautar Joan Bavaria Award a taron CERES <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/profiles/geeta-aiyer/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> * A shekarar 2020, an shigar da Aiyer cikin Kwalejin Mata Masu Nasara ta YW Boston, inda ta girmama sadaukarwarta ga "kawar da wariyar launin fata da kuma karfafa mata gwiwa " <ref name="YWBoston">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Meet Geeta Aiyer, 2020 Academy of Women Achievers Awardee |url=https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203024249/https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=YWBoston.org}}</ref> * A shekarar 2021, an nada Aiyer a cikin mujallar kasuwanci ta Boston Business Journal ta 2021 Power 50: The Movement Makers saboda kasancewarsa "majagaba a fannin zuba jari mai tasiri" <ref name="Jones2021">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Carolyn M. |date=18 November 2021 |title=Meet the 2021 honorees of the BBJ's Power 50: The Movement Makers |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2021/11/18/meet-the-2021-honorees-of-the-bbjs-power-50-the.html |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=[[American City Business Journals]]}}</ref> * A shekarar 2023, [[Time (magazine)|Time]] ta saka Aiyer cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|TIME100]] Climate na farko, inda ta karrama shugabannin 100 mafi kirkire-kirkire da ke jagorantar [[Ayyukan yanayi|ayyukan sauyin yanayi]] na kasuwanci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qi0q3h2qc3gllqwasoj47c3xqv0a22q 965971 965970 2026-10-10T22:09:44Z Nnamadee 31123 965971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geeta Aiyer''' ƴar kasuwa ce 'yar ƙasar Indiya, shugabar kasuwanci, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, wacce aka fi sani da kafa kuma shugabar Boston Common Asset Management, wani kamfanin saka hannun jari mai ɗorewa . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Aiyer a [[Chennai]], [[Indiya]] a shekarar 1958. Aiyer ya ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1983 don halartar Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard . Ita ce mace ta biyu 'yar Indiya da ta halarci makarantar kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a [[Kudi|fannin kuɗi]] a shekarar 1985. <ref name="IndiaNewEngland">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=In Chai With Manju, Woman of the Year 2014 Geeta Aiyer Talks About Her Selection for IAS, Second Indian Woman to Go to Harvard Business School and Entrepreneurial Journey |url=https://indianewengland.com/in-chai-with-manju-woman-of-the-year-2014-geeta-aiyer-talks-about-her-selection-for-ias-second-indian-woman-to-go-to-harvard-business-school-and-entrepreneurial-journey/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=IndiaNewEngland.com}}</ref> Aiyer kuma tana da digirin BA tare da girmamawa da kuma digirin MA daga Jami'ar Delhi, Indiya. <ref name="Endowments">{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.intentionalendowments.org/geeta_aiyer_bio |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=InternationalEndowments.org}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunsa a Harvard, Aiyer ya fara aiki da Cambridge Associates a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Ta kuma kafa kamfanin East India Spice, wanda shine kamfani na farko da ta fara kafawa a fannin kasuwanci. A shekarar 1988, Aiyer ya zama manajan manaja kuma manajan fayil a Kamfanin Amintaccen Amurka na Boston. Ta shawarci shugabannin manyan kantunan Albertsons bayan sun sha kaye a shari'ar dala miliyan 108 saboda hana mata damar ci gaba da aiki. Aiyer "ya nuna wa Albertsons cewa rashin adalcin ayyukan yi alhaki ne na kuɗi", wanda hakan ya sa kamfanin ya yi alƙawarin tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi a nan gaba. <ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Holding Business to Account |url=https://www.alumni.hbs.edu/stories/Pages/story-bulletin.aspx?num=8018 |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=[[Harvard Business School]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1994, Aiyer ta kafa Walden Capital Management, ta amfani da kudaden shiga da ta samu daga gudanar da kamfaninta na farko. Aiyer ta ambaci cewa bin "manufofi biyu na samun riba ta kuɗi da sauyi a zamantakewa a madadin abokan cinikinta" a matsayin babban jigon kafa kamfani mai mai da hankali kan saka hannun jari mai alhaki . Daga 1998 zuwa 2002, Aiyer ya kasance shugaban Walden Asset Management. A shekara ta 2003, Aiyer ta kafa Boston Common Asset Management a matsayin kamfanin saka hannun jari mai dorewa mallakar ma'aikata. Aiyer ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta tun daga shekarar 2003, inda ta kula da kadarorin da darajarsu ta kai dala biliyan 5 a ƙarƙashin kulawarta. Boston Common an san ta da yin saka hannun jari a ɗabi'a, tana saka hannun jari daidai da manufofin [[Muhalli, zamantakewa, da gudanarwa na kamfanoni|muhalli, zamantakewa, da shugabanci na kamfanoni]] (ESG). Boston Common ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar [[Tasirin saka hannun jari|masu zuba jari masu tasiri]] don matsa wa Washington Redskins lamba ta canza sunan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafarsu saboda damuwar launin fata game da sunansu, wani kamfen da ya shafe shekaru 12 yana gudana. Ƙungiyar ta sauya sunanta a shekarar 2020 bayan kisan gillar George Floyd . Aiyer ya ce: "Akwai lokacin da za a yi wani abu idan, bayan wani kamfani yana yaƙi da kai, sai su yi watsi da kai ba zato ba tsammani domin ya bayyana a gare su cewa ba shi da amfani a ci gaba da faɗan." <ref name="Harvard" /> Aiyer a halin yanzu memba ne na kwamitin ba da shawara na Shirin auna tasirin da rarrabawa na Jami'ar Boston . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Board Members |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/affiliation/boardmember-current/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Aiyer ta kafa ƙungiyar agaji mai zaman kanta Direct Action for Women Now (DAWN), wadda ke fafutukar kare waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu bisa ga jinsi a Indiya . <ref name="IndiaNewEngland" /> <ref name="Endowments" /> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * A shekara ta 2010, Asusun Tallafawa Mata ya ba Aiyer kyautar Mafi Girma ta Ganye <ref name="Endowments" /> * A shekarar 2014, Indiya New England ta sanya mata suna Mace ta Shekara <ref name="IndiaNewEngland" /> * A shekarar 2017, Aiyer ta sami kyautar Joan Bavaria Award a taron CERES <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geeta Aiyer |url=https://www.bu.edu/imap/profiles/geeta-aiyer/ |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=[[Boston University]]}}</ref> * A shekarar 2020, an shigar da Aiyer cikin Kwalejin Mata Masu Nasara ta YW Boston, inda ta girmama sadaukarwarta ga "kawar da wariyar launin fata da kuma karfafa mata gwiwa " <ref name="YWBoston">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Meet Geeta Aiyer, 2020 Academy of Women Achievers Awardee |url=https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203024249/https://www.ywboston.org/2020/06/meet-geeta-aiyer-2020-academy-of-women-achievers-awardee/ |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=6 December 2023 |website=YWBoston.org}}</ref> * A shekarar 2021, an nada Aiyer a cikin mujallar kasuwanci ta Boston Business Journal ta 2021 Power 50: The Movement Makers saboda kasancewarsa "majagaba a fannin zuba jari mai tasiri" <ref name="Jones2021">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Carolyn M. |date=18 November 2021 |title=Meet the 2021 honorees of the BBJ's Power 50: The Movement Makers |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/news/2021/11/18/meet-the-2021-honorees-of-the-bbjs-power-50-the.html |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=[[American City Business Journals]]}}</ref> * A shekarar 2023, [[Time (magazine)|Time]] ta saka Aiyer cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|TIME100]] Climate na farko, inda ta karrama shugabannin 100 mafi kirkire-kirkire da ke jagorantar [[Ayyukan yanayi|ayyukan sauyin yanayi]] na kasuwanci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1lue6ry6wyli8g1sgs6lgcmnt5gg2xl 0 178846 965972 2026-10-10T22:10:14Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350468620|Priya Prakash]]" 965972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Priya Prakash''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1990) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Indiya kuma shugabar zartarwa. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma Shugabar HealthSetGo. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == ta yi karatu a Makarantar Rishi Valley da Kwalejin Mata ta Lady Shri Ram.<ref name="delhiitesmagazine">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=RAISING A HEALTHY GENERATION- PRIYA PRAKASH |url=http://delhiitesmagazine.com/raising-a-healthy-generation-priya-prakash/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=delhiitesmagazine.com}}</ref> Tun tana ƙarama, ana yi mata cin zarafi saboda yawan kiba wanda hakan ya sa ta kamu da matsalar cin abinci a jami'a. Wannan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa ta shiga wani dakin motsa jiki a shekarar 2012, inda ta haɗu da wani mai koyar da motsa jiki wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi hulɗa mai kyau da abincinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avlani |first=Shrenik |date=25 July 2019 |title=This founder's healthy habits rub off on her team |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/business-of-life/this-founder-s-healthy-habits-rub-off-on-her-team-1564059833378.html |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=livemint.com}}</ref> An ba Prakash kyautar a gasar Forbes ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya ta 2018 a fannin kiwon lafiya da kimiyya, sannan aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Unilever Young Entrepreneur of the Year a shekarar 2018. Ta kuma lashe kyautar Global Citizen Prize ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=On International Youth Day HealthSetGo and GAIN launch the India Food Systems Summit |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/on-international-youth-day-healthsetgo-and-gain-launch-the-india-food-systems-summit/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |language=en-US}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta, ita ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar nauyi ce a matakin jihar Delhi, mai magana da yawun Tedx, mai horar da Crossfit L1, kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo kan lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=An appetite for change |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2021/aug/12/an-appetitefor-change-2343654.html |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[File:Priya_Prakash_in_2018.jpg|left|thumb]] Bayan kammala karatunsa, Prakash ya fara aiki a fannin kuɗi. <ref name="delhiitesmagazine" /> A shekarar 2014, Prakash ya kafa HealthSetGo, wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa ɗabi'un lafiya ga yara a faɗin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=This 24/7 entrepreneurial attitude is truly enjoyable!" |url=https://iamanentrepreneur.in/shepreneurs/247-entrepreneurial-attitude-truly-enjoyable/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iamanentrepreneur}}</ref> Shekaru uku bayan haka, HealthSetGo ta haɗu da asibitoci 16, likitoci 90 da kuma asibitoci 35 a faɗin Indiya. <ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sukant |date=20 January 2017 |title='As a young woman, people don't take you seriously at first' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20170130-priya-prakash-good-news-issue-985594-2017-01-20 |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an sanya Prakash a cikin jerin Forbes 30 na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya saboda faɗaɗa HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Behal |first=Ambika |date=6 March 2018 |title=Meet Some Of The Notable Indians On Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2018 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/abehal/2018/03/26/meet-some-of-the-notable-indians-on-forbes-30-under-30-asia-2018-list/#69cf85351dde |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=forbes.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyarta ta girma ta horar da likitoci da malamai sama da 300 a birane 70 don ƙarfafa cin abinci mai kyau, wanda aka kiyasta ya shafi ɗalibai sama da 80,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2018 |title=Forbes 30 Under 30 In Asia – Many Young Female Entrepreneurs Included |url=https://www.iwecfoundation.org/news/forbes-30-30-asia-many-young-female-entrepreneurs-included/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iwecfoundation.org}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da HealthSetGo ta ƙara wa makarantu shine ta hanyar gudanar da kimanta lafiya a lokacin makaranta don sa ido kan lafiyar yara da ci gaban su. Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa ana gano alamun cutar da wuri kuma ana magance su da sauri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Meet Priya Who Is Building A Healthier Tomorrow For Our Kids |url=https://sheroes.com/articles/meet-priya-who-is-building-a-healthier-tomorrow-for-our-kids/NTA1Ng== |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=sheroes.com}}</ref> A ƙarshen jarrabawar likitanci, an ba wa makarantun shawarwari kan yadda za a inganta da kuma tantance matsalolin da suka shafi lafiya a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Leah |date=22 November 2019 |title=Meet the Cisco Youth Leadership Award Finalist Who Is Ensuring Schoolchildren in India Stay Healthy |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-global-citizen-cisco-youth-leader/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=Globalcitizen.org}}</ref> Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya taron HealthSetGo na shekara-shekara don tunawa da Ranar Lafiya ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2019 |title=World Health Day Celebrated At Gurugram With HealthSetGo Run 2019 |url=http://bwpeople.businessworld.in/article/World-Health-Day-Celebrated-At-Gurugram-With-HealthSetGo-Run-2019/23-04-2019-169621/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=bwpeople.businessworld.in}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta shiga gasar ƙarshe ta gasar Cartier Women's Initiative Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael |first=Maya |date=7 March 2019 |title=Here are the 21 finalists of the Cartier Women's Initiative 2019 |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/my/people-events/people/here-are-the-21-finalists-of-the-cartier-womens-initiative-2019/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=prestigeonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Snigdha |date=2019 |title=The Desi Touch At Cartier Women's Initiative Awards |url=https://www.dissdash.com/2019/05/02/the-desi-touch-at-cartier-womens-initiative-awards/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=dissdash.com}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Disamba, ta lashe kyautar Cisco Youth Leadership Prize, wadda ta haɗa da tallafin $250,000 ga HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calderwood |first=Imogen |date=21 December 2019 |title=Health Activist Priya Prakash Wins the Cisco Youth Leadership Prize |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-wins-the-cisco-youth-leadership-priz/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=globalcitizen.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7d1cwg386si7rq4i7ih8ltwhsmt00jm 965973 965972 2026-10-10T22:11:03Z Nnamadee 31123 965973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Priya Prakash''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1990) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Indiya kuma shugabar zartarwa. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma Shugabar HealthSetGo. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == ta yi karatu a Makarantar Rishi Valley da Kwalejin Mata ta Lady Shri Ram.<ref name="delhiitesmagazine">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=RAISING A HEALTHY GENERATION- PRIYA PRAKASH |url=http://delhiitesmagazine.com/raising-a-healthy-generation-priya-prakash/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=delhiitesmagazine.com}}</ref> Tun tana ƙarama, ana yi mata cin zarafi saboda yawan kiba wanda hakan ya sa ta kamu da matsalar cin abinci a jami'a. Wannan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa ta shiga wani dakin motsa jiki a shekarar 2012, inda ta haɗu da wani mai koyar da motsa jiki wanda ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi hulɗa mai kyau da abincinta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avlani |first=Shrenik |date=25 July 2019 |title=This founder's healthy habits rub off on her team |url=https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/business-of-life/this-founder-s-healthy-habits-rub-off-on-her-team-1564059833378.html |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=livemint.com}}</ref> An ba Prakash kyautar a gasar Forbes ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya ta 2018 a fannin kiwon lafiya da kimiyya, sannan aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Unilever Young Entrepreneur of the Year a shekarar 2018. Ta kuma lashe kyautar Global Citizen Prize ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=On International Youth Day HealthSetGo and GAIN launch the India Food Systems Summit |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/on-international-youth-day-healthsetgo-and-gain-launch-the-india-food-systems-summit/ |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News |language=en-US}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta, ita ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar nauyi ce a matakin jihar Delhi, mai magana da yawun Tedx, mai horar da Crossfit L1, kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo kan lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=An appetite for change |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2021/aug/12/an-appetitefor-change-2343654.html |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[File:Priya_Prakash_in_2018.jpg|left|thumb]] Bayan kammala karatunsa, Prakash ya fara aiki a fannin kuɗi. <ref name="delhiitesmagazine" /> A shekarar 2014, Prakash ya kafa HealthSetGo, wanda ke da nufin ƙarfafa ɗabi'un lafiya ga yara a faɗin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=This 24/7 entrepreneurial attitude is truly enjoyable!" |url=https://iamanentrepreneur.in/shepreneurs/247-entrepreneurial-attitude-truly-enjoyable/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iamanentrepreneur}}</ref> Shekaru uku bayan haka, HealthSetGo ta haɗu da asibitoci 16, likitoci 90 da kuma asibitoci 35 a faɗin Indiya. <ref name="indiatoday">{{Cite web |last=Deepak |first=Sukant |date=20 January 2017 |title='As a young woman, people don't take you seriously at first' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20170130-priya-prakash-good-news-issue-985594-2017-01-20 |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=indiatoday.in}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, an sanya Prakash a cikin jerin Forbes 30 na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 30 a Asiya saboda faɗaɗa HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Behal |first=Ambika |date=6 March 2018 |title=Meet Some Of The Notable Indians On Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2018 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/abehal/2018/03/26/meet-some-of-the-notable-indians-on-forbes-30-under-30-asia-2018-list/#69cf85351dde |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=forbes.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyarta ta girma ta horar da likitoci da malamai sama da 300 a birane 70 don ƙarfafa cin abinci mai kyau, wanda aka kiyasta ya shafi ɗalibai sama da 80,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2018 |title=Forbes 30 Under 30 In Asia – Many Young Female Entrepreneurs Included |url=https://www.iwecfoundation.org/news/forbes-30-30-asia-many-young-female-entrepreneurs-included/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=iwecfoundation.org}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da HealthSetGo ta ƙara wa makarantu shine ta hanyar gudanar da kimanta lafiya a lokacin makaranta don sa ido kan lafiyar yara da ci gaban su. Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa ana gano alamun cutar da wuri kuma ana magance su da sauri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Meet Priya Who Is Building A Healthier Tomorrow For Our Kids |url=https://sheroes.com/articles/meet-priya-who-is-building-a-healthier-tomorrow-for-our-kids/NTA1Ng== |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=sheroes.com}}</ref> A ƙarshen jarrabawar likitanci, an ba wa makarantun shawarwari kan yadda za a inganta da kuma tantance matsalolin da suka shafi lafiya a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez |first=Leah |date=22 November 2019 |title=Meet the Cisco Youth Leadership Award Finalist Who Is Ensuring Schoolchildren in India Stay Healthy |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-global-citizen-cisco-youth-leader/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=Globalcitizen.org}}</ref> Ta kuma taimaka wajen shirya taron HealthSetGo na shekara-shekara don tunawa da Ranar Lafiya ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2019 |title=World Health Day Celebrated At Gurugram With HealthSetGo Run 2019 |url=http://bwpeople.businessworld.in/article/World-Health-Day-Celebrated-At-Gurugram-With-HealthSetGo-Run-2019/23-04-2019-169621/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=bwpeople.businessworld.in}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ta shiga gasar ƙarshe ta gasar Cartier Women's Initiative Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael |first=Maya |date=7 March 2019 |title=Here are the 21 finalists of the Cartier Women's Initiative 2019 |url=https://www.prestigeonline.com/my/people-events/people/here-are-the-21-finalists-of-the-cartier-womens-initiative-2019/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=prestigeonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Snigdha |date=2019 |title=The Desi Touch At Cartier Women's Initiative Awards |url=https://www.dissdash.com/2019/05/02/the-desi-touch-at-cartier-womens-initiative-awards/ |access-date=17 November 2019 |website=dissdash.com}}</ref> Daga baya a watan Disamba, ta lashe kyautar Cisco Youth Leadership Prize, wadda ta haɗa da tallafin $250,000 ga HealthSetGo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Calderwood |first=Imogen |date=21 December 2019 |title=Health Activist Priya Prakash Wins the Cisco Youth Leadership Prize |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/priya-prakash-wins-the-cisco-youth-leadership-priz/ |access-date=23 December 2019 |website=globalcitizen.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 251koexcat8skmg10zrfnjjypn24xod 0 178847 965974 2026-10-10T22:11:19Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377465180|Kavita Bala]]" 965974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kavita Bala''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kwamfuta ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Indiya. Ita ce shugabar [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] ta 17 kuma a halin yanzu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Caitlin |date=25 September 2024 |title=Kavita Bala, dean of Cornell Bowers CIS, named provost |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2024/09/kavita-bala-dean-cornell-bowers-cis-named-provost |access-date=24 February 2025 |website=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}</ref> Ita farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Cornell. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen daga 2018–2020, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kavita Bala Named New Dean of Computing and Information Science {{!}} Department of Computer Science |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/information/news/newsitem11212/kavita-bala-named-new-dean-computing-and-information-science |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> an naɗa ta shugabar sashen Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Bayanai, <ref name=":0" /> wacce yanzu aka sani da Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Bayanai ta Cornell Ann S. Bowers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lefkowitz |first=Melanie |date=17 December 2020 |title=Gift from Ann S. Bowers '59 creates new college of computing and information science |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/12/gift-ann-s-bowers-59-creates-new-college-computing-and-information-science |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == Bala ya sami digirin farko a fannin fasaha (B.Tech.) daga [[IIT Bombay|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Bombay]] a shekarar 1992, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya (SM) da kuma digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kavita Bala |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~kb/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == A [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]], Bala ya zama mai bincike na digiri na uku a fannin nazarin zane-zanen kwamfuta wanda Donald P. Greenberg ke jagoranta a shekarar 1999, kuma ya shiga sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta na Cornell a shekarar 2002. <ref name=":3" /> Bala ya kafa GrokStyle tare da Sean Bell, wani masanin kimiyya a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] . <ref name="techhq.com">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=From academia to acquisition – the journey of computer vision startup GrokStyle |url=https://techhq.com/2020/07/from-academia-to-acquisition-the-journey-of-computer-vision-startup-grokstyle/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=TechHQ}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2019 |title=Facebook picks up retail computer vision outfit GrokStyle |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/08/facebook-picks-up-retail-computer-vision-outfit-grokstyle/ |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> GrokStyle, wani kamfani mai gano abubuwa ta hanyar gani, ya fara ne a matsayin kayan aikin bincike da siyayya da aka haɗa tare da aikace-aikacen Augmented Reality na IKEA, kuma daga baya Facebook ya same shi a shekarar 2019. Daga baya an yi amfani da wannan fasahar don ƙirƙirar GrokNet na Facebook, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar siye da sayar da kayayyaki a duk dandamalin Facebook. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paris |first=Martine |title=Meet Facebook's Newest Shopping AI |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martineparis/2020/05/19/meet-facebooks-newest-shopping-ai/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Bala ya kasance cikin Kwamitin Daraktoci na ƙungiyar agaji ta Amurka mai zaman kanta ga ɗaliban tsiraru a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta, ColorStack, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorStack {{!}} About |url=https://www.colorstack.org/about |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[ColorStack]]}}</ref> Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Toyota da ke Chicago, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TTIC Board of Trustees |url=https://www.ttic.edu/board/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago]]}}</ref> Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Mu'amalar ACM akan Zane-zane, da kuma Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara kan Papers na ACM SIGGRAPH. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2020 Computer Graphics Achievement Award: Kavita Bala |url=https://www.siggraph.org/2020-computer-graphics-achievement-award-kavita-bala/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[SIGGRAPH]]}}</ref> Bala ya kuma yi aiki a cikin al'ummar bincike, ciki har da mukamai a matsayin Shugaban Takardun Fasaha na SIGGRAPH Asia a 2011, da kuma Babban Editan ACM Transactions on Graphics daga 2015 zuwa 2018. <ref name=":2" /> == Bincike == Babban abin da Bala ya mayar da hankali a kai shi ne hangen nesa na kwamfuta da zane-zane. An karrama aikinta a shekarar 2020 ta ƙungiyar masu sha'awar zane-zane ta kwamfuta, ACM SIGGRAPH, saboda "gudummawar da ta bayar ga zane-zanen da suka dogara da jiki da kuma girmansu, ƙirar kayan aiki, fahimtar zane-zane, da kuma gane gani." Bincikenta na farko ya mayar da hankali kan yin zane mai ma'ana da kuma na zahiri, kuma ya haɗa da babban aiki kan yin zane mai girma, musamman ƙirƙirar Lightcuts da sauran algorithms na haske, da kuma gudummawa ga ƙirar yadi mai girma da tsari. A halin yanzu, Bala yana nazarin fahimtar kayan aiki, salo, da sauran halayen abubuwa a cikin hotuna. <ref name=":2" /> An nuna ayyukanta a kan Mandalas na 3D a Gidan Tarihi na Rubin, New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kalachakra Mandala |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~kb/mandala/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> Binciken farko na Bala ya mayar da hankali kan yin zane mai ma'ana, wanda ya dogara da zahiri da kuma yin zane mai girma, gami da haɓaka Lightcuts da sauran algorithms na hasken da aka kiyasta. Algorithm ɗin Lightcuts ya zama babban injin samarwa a cikin na'urar kwaikwayon gajimare ta Autodesk. Ta kasance tare da rubuta littafin Advanced Global Illumination. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar yadi mai girma da tsari, kuma an yi amfani da ayyukanta a cikin fahimtar zane-zane. <ref name=":2" /> Zane na biyu a cikin aikin Bala ya ƙunshi gane kayan aiki, salo, da sauran halayen abubuwa a cikin hotuna. Aikinta kan hotuna na zahiri da kuma gane kayan aiki ta amfani da bayanan horo daga jama'a ya yi tasiri sosai, aikinta kan canja salon kuma ya sami karɓuwa, kamar yadda ta yi aiki kan gane salon. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=One Day Photoshop Might Let You Instantly Copy Another Photo's Style |url=https://gizmodo.com/one-day-photoshop-might-let-you-instantly-copy-another-1793889339 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> An yi amfani da wannan fasaha don ƙarfafa GrokStyle. <ref name="techhq.com" /> Bala ya kuma yi aikin kwanan nan kan nazarin salon zamani a duk duniya ta hanyar nazarin tarin hotuna don gano yadda salon suturar al'adu ya bambanta a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2017 |title=With AI and Instagram, Researchers Study Cultural Patterns Worldwide |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/cornell-instagram-ai-anthropology/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Digital Trends}}</ref> == Ganewa == An zaɓi Bala a matsayin ACM Fellow a shekarar 2019 "saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen yin zane da fahimtar yanayin wurin". <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 ACM Fellows Honored for Accomplishments that Define Digital Age |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/december/fellows-2019 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=www.acm.org}}</ref> An shigar da ita cikin Kwalejin SIGGRAPH a shekarar 2020. <ref name=":2" /> Ita ce ta karɓi kyautar SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award (2020), <ref name=":2" /> da kuma kyautar IIT Bombay Distinguished Alumnus Award a 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IIT Bombay Celebrates 62nd Foundation Day {{!}} IIT Bombay |url=https://www.iitb.ac.in/en/breaking-news/iit-bombay-celebrates-62nd-foundation-day |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[IIT Bombay]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bala yana auren Andrew Myers, wanda shi ma farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Cornell. <ref name="j327">{{Cite web |title=HER STORY |url=https://acr.iitbombay.org/womengenzero/kavita.html |website=Indian Institute of Technology Bombay}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 3p0tvwshrb24tvnpcvhpl7h450en4pd 965975 965974 2026-10-10T22:12:01Z Nnamadee 31123 965975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kavita Bala''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971) ƙwararriyar masaniyar kwamfuta ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Indiya. Ita ce shugabar [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] ta 17 kuma a halin yanzu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=Caitlin |date=25 September 2024 |title=Kavita Bala, dean of Cornell Bowers CIS, named provost |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2024/09/kavita-bala-dean-cornell-bowers-cis-named-provost |access-date=24 February 2025 |website=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}</ref> Ita farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Cornell. Bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen daga 2018–2020, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kavita Bala Named New Dean of Computing and Information Science {{!}} Department of Computer Science |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/information/news/newsitem11212/kavita-bala-named-new-dean-computing-and-information-science |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> an naɗa ta shugabar sashen Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Bayanai, <ref name=":0" /> wacce yanzu aka sani da Kwalejin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Bayanai ta Cornell Ann S. Bowers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lefkowitz |first=Melanie |date=17 December 2020 |title=Gift from Ann S. Bowers '59 creates new college of computing and information science |url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2020/12/gift-ann-s-bowers-59-creates-new-college-computing-and-information-science |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[Cornell Chronicle]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == Bala ya sami digirin farko a fannin fasaha (B.Tech.) daga [[IIT Bombay|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Bombay]] a shekarar 1992, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya (SM) da kuma digiri na uku a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a shekarar 1999. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kavita Bala |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~kb/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == A [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]], Bala ya zama mai bincike na digiri na uku a fannin nazarin zane-zanen kwamfuta wanda Donald P. Greenberg ke jagoranta a shekarar 1999, kuma ya shiga sashen Kimiyyar Kwamfuta na Cornell a shekarar 2002. <ref name=":3" /> Bala ya kafa GrokStyle tare da Sean Bell, wani masanin kimiyya a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] . <ref name="techhq.com">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=From academia to acquisition – the journey of computer vision startup GrokStyle |url=https://techhq.com/2020/07/from-academia-to-acquisition-the-journey-of-computer-vision-startup-grokstyle/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=TechHQ}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2019 |title=Facebook picks up retail computer vision outfit GrokStyle |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/08/facebook-picks-up-retail-computer-vision-outfit-grokstyle/ |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=[[TechCrunch]]}}</ref> GrokStyle, wani kamfani mai gano abubuwa ta hanyar gani, ya fara ne a matsayin kayan aikin bincike da siyayya da aka haɗa tare da aikace-aikacen Augmented Reality na IKEA, kuma daga baya Facebook ya same shi a shekarar 2019. Daga baya an yi amfani da wannan fasahar don ƙirƙirar GrokNet na Facebook, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar siye da sayar da kayayyaki a duk dandamalin Facebook. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paris |first=Martine |title=Meet Facebook's Newest Shopping AI |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martineparis/2020/05/19/meet-facebooks-newest-shopping-ai/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Bala ya kasance cikin Kwamitin Daraktoci na ƙungiyar agaji ta Amurka mai zaman kanta ga ɗaliban tsiraru a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta, ColorStack, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorStack {{!}} About |url=https://www.colorstack.org/about |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[ColorStack]]}}</ref> Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Toyota da ke Chicago, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TTIC Board of Trustees |url=https://www.ttic.edu/board/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago]]}}</ref> Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Mu'amalar ACM akan Zane-zane, da kuma Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawara kan Papers na ACM SIGGRAPH. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2020 Computer Graphics Achievement Award: Kavita Bala |url=https://www.siggraph.org/2020-computer-graphics-achievement-award-kavita-bala/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[SIGGRAPH]]}}</ref> Bala ya kuma yi aiki a cikin al'ummar bincike, ciki har da mukamai a matsayin Shugaban Takardun Fasaha na SIGGRAPH Asia a 2011, da kuma Babban Editan ACM Transactions on Graphics daga 2015 zuwa 2018. <ref name=":2" /> == Bincike == Babban abin da Bala ya mayar da hankali a kai shi ne hangen nesa na kwamfuta da zane-zane. An karrama aikinta a shekarar 2020 ta ƙungiyar masu sha'awar zane-zane ta kwamfuta, ACM SIGGRAPH, saboda "gudummawar da ta bayar ga zane-zanen da suka dogara da jiki da kuma girmansu, ƙirar kayan aiki, fahimtar zane-zane, da kuma gane gani." Bincikenta na farko ya mayar da hankali kan yin zane mai ma'ana da kuma na zahiri, kuma ya haɗa da babban aiki kan yin zane mai girma, musamman ƙirƙirar Lightcuts da sauran algorithms na haske, da kuma gudummawa ga ƙirar yadi mai girma da tsari. A halin yanzu, Bala yana nazarin fahimtar kayan aiki, salo, da sauran halayen abubuwa a cikin hotuna. <ref name=":2" /> An nuna ayyukanta a kan Mandalas na 3D a Gidan Tarihi na Rubin, New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kalachakra Mandala |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~kb/mandala/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> Binciken farko na Bala ya mayar da hankali kan yin zane mai ma'ana, wanda ya dogara da zahiri da kuma yin zane mai girma, gami da haɓaka Lightcuts da sauran algorithms na hasken da aka kiyasta. Algorithm ɗin Lightcuts ya zama babban injin samarwa a cikin na'urar kwaikwayon gajimare ta Autodesk. Ta kasance tare da rubuta littafin Advanced Global Illumination. Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga ƙirar yadi mai girma da tsari, kuma an yi amfani da ayyukanta a cikin fahimtar zane-zane. <ref name=":2" /> Zane na biyu a cikin aikin Bala ya ƙunshi gane kayan aiki, salo, da sauran halayen abubuwa a cikin hotuna. Aikinta kan hotuna na zahiri da kuma gane kayan aiki ta amfani da bayanan horo daga jama'a ya yi tasiri sosai, aikinta kan canja salon kuma ya sami karɓuwa, kamar yadda ta yi aiki kan gane salon. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=One Day Photoshop Might Let You Instantly Copy Another Photo's Style |url=https://gizmodo.com/one-day-photoshop-might-let-you-instantly-copy-another-1793889339 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Gizmodo}}</ref> An yi amfani da wannan fasaha don ƙarfafa GrokStyle. <ref name="techhq.com" /> Bala ya kuma yi aikin kwanan nan kan nazarin salon zamani a duk duniya ta hanyar nazarin tarin hotuna don gano yadda salon suturar al'adu ya bambanta a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2017 |title=With AI and Instagram, Researchers Study Cultural Patterns Worldwide |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/cornell-instagram-ai-anthropology/ |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Digital Trends}}</ref> == Ganewa == An zaɓi Bala a matsayin ACM Fellow a shekarar 2019 "saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar wajen yin zane da fahimtar yanayin wurin". <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 ACM Fellows Honored for Accomplishments that Define Digital Age |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/december/fellows-2019 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=www.acm.org}}</ref> An shigar da ita cikin Kwalejin SIGGRAPH a shekarar 2020. <ref name=":2" /> Ita ce ta karɓi kyautar SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award (2020), <ref name=":2" /> da kuma kyautar IIT Bombay Distinguished Alumnus Award a 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IIT Bombay Celebrates 62nd Foundation Day {{!}} IIT Bombay |url=https://www.iitb.ac.in/en/breaking-news/iit-bombay-celebrates-62nd-foundation-day |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[IIT Bombay]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bala yana auren Andrew Myers, wanda shi ma farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta a Cornell. <ref name="j327">{{Cite web |title=HER STORY |url=https://acr.iitbombay.org/womengenzero/kavita.html |website=Indian Institute of Technology Bombay}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] aqoru5gznqkrz6iv4vvjb6jkz4l6zu3 0 178848 965976 2026-10-10T22:12:23Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376705469|Miriam Chandy Menacherry]]" 965976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miriam Chandy Menacherry''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 1975) [[Documentary film|ƙwararriyar mai shirya fina-finan]] Indiya ce da ke zaune a [[Mumbai]], Indiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Who is Miriam Chandy Menacherry, Malayali who took home National Award for Best Director in Non-Feature category? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/17/miriam-chandy-menacherry-from-the-shadows-best-director-non-feature-film.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=[[Onmanorama]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa don fim ɗin da ba shi da fasali kamar ''From the Shadows'' (2022). Ta kafa Filament Pictures a shekarar 2005, wani gidan shirya fina-finai wanda ke ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fina-finai masu dacewa da zamantakewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Filament Pictures |url=http://www.filamentpictures.co.in/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=filamentpictures.co.in}}</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai 18 da aka zaɓa daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya don Global Media Makers Fellowship 2019-20 wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da kuma Film Independent suka bayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Fellows |url=https://www.filmindependent.org/programs/global-media-makers/meet-the-fellows/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=Film Independent |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |date=2019-09-24 |title=Film Independent’s Global Media Makers Program Expands to Include South Asian Talent (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/film-independents-global-media-makers-program-include-south-asian-talent-1241312/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin fim ɗinta mai suna ''Rat Race'' (2011) ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge a Cannes (Faransa). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2010-04-15 |title=Mumbai-based documentary wins Cannes co-production challenge |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mumbai-based-documentary-wins-cannes-co-production-challenge/story-EhVcv1Ra9t5bINtyNmSpUK.html |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Miriam ta kuma lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Asiya don Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen Zamantakewa (2007) da kuma Ƙungiyar Fina-finan Muhalli ta Burtaniya (2008). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2008 Winners |url=https://www.asiantvawards.com/winners/2008-winners/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Asian Television Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Menacherry a [[Chennai]] . Ta yi karatunta a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] . Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Stella Maris da ke Chennai da digirin B.Sc (Honors). Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Fina-finai da Talabijin daga Cibiyar Bincike ta AJK Mass Communication da ke New Delhi. Bayan ta kammala karatu ta zama wakiliya a CNBC, Indiya sannan ta koma UTV a matsayin darakta. An kafa Filament Pictures a shekara ta 2005 don samar da sinima mai ma'ana wacce za ta gamsar da masu kallo a duk duniya. Menacherry ce ke jagorantar fina-finanta kuma take shirya su, kuma lokaci-lokaci tana shiga cikin rubutun da rarrabawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=Filmmaker Miriam Chandy Menacherry: Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/filmmaker-miriam-chandy-menacherry-underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> Daga zuriyar Malayali, Menacherry tana aiki a kan Ƙungiyar Mata a Cinema (WCC) da kuma ƙoƙarinsu na kawo sauyi a sinimar Malayalam. <ref name=":5" /> == Shirye-shiryen Fina-finai == ''Komawa ga Ƙasa'' (2004) wani shiri ne da Menacherry ya jagoranta don BBC World . Wannan shi ne bugun Indiya na shirin Burtaniya mai suna ''Back to the Floor'' . Bugun Indiya ya ƙunshi manyan shugabanni daga manyan kamfanonin kasuwanci a Indiya waɗanda ke aiki a matakin shago don samun ra'ayi daban game da ƙalubalen da ma'aikatansu ke fuskanta. Ya lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Indiya don Mafi kyawun Jerin Kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-01-03 |title=BBC World to launch 'Back To The Floor' |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/jan/jan10.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An shirya shirin ''The Stuntmen of Bollywood'' (2005) don National Geographic Channel . Shirin fim ɗin ya ƙunshi rayuwa da wahalhalun da jaruman fina-finan [[Bollywood]] suka fuskanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-13 |title=UTV to showcase 'Stuntmen of Bollywood' on NGC |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/sep/sep161.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓe shi don fim ɗin 'mafi ƙirƙira' a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na talabijin na Asiya . ''Mee Koli'' (2005) wani shirin gaskiya ne game da masuntan Koli na [[Mumbai]], asalin mazauna birnin da kuma gwagwarmayar da suke yi don kiyaye rayuwar halittun ruwa masu laushi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Catalogue 2011 |url=https://issuu.com/idfa/docs/catalogus_idfa2011_compleet_lr/177 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da ke kan iyakar almarar kimiyya, ''Robot Jockey'' (2007) ya yi nazari kan yanayin rayuwar [[Gasar raƙuma|masu tseren raƙuma]] na Bedouin a [[Qatar]] lokacin da suka horar da raƙumansu don karɓar masu hawan ƙarfe. Dangane da yadda ƙasashen duniya ke fuskantar suka game da amfani da yara kanana a tseren raƙumi, Qatar ta yanke shawarar dakatar da sukar ta hanyar komawa ga masu yin wasan robot . ''Robot Jockey'' ya lashe kyautar talabijin ta Asiya a matsayin mafi kyawun shirin shirya fina-finai na zamantakewa a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":2" /> Biyan buƙatun makamashi na al'umma ba tare da amfani da lalata yanayi ba - ''A Light Burns'' (2008) yana magana ne game da wahalhalun da al'umma mai nisa a [[Jharkhand]] ke fuskanta na kawo wutar lantarki zuwa ƙauyensu. Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan tafiyar al'umma don [[Fitar da Diesel|samar da man fetur]] daga irin man da ake samu a yankin. Ya lashe kyautar UK Environmental Film Fellowship. <ref name=":0" /> ''Tawagar Bera'' (2011) ta tattara tarihin rayuwar masu kisan bera a Mumbai waɗanda ke aiki yayin da birnin ke barci. Babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a labarin shi ne wani mai son yin rawa a Bollywood wanda ya koma kama bera saboda dalilai daban-daban kuma ya shafe shekaru 37 masu zuwa yana kashe bera da kuma kula da sauran masu kama bera. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge, Cannes (Faransa), <ref name=":1" /> Audience Awards, Florence (Italiya) da Kerala (Indiya). An kuma fara nuna shirin fim ɗin a IDFA, Amsterdam (Netherlands). [[File:Camera_crowd.jpg|thumb| Daga saitin ''Daga cikin Shadows'']] ''Lyari Notes'' (2015), wanda Maheen Zia ta jagoranta, labari ne na shekarun 'yan mata huɗu a [[Karachi]] . Suna zaune a Lyari, wani yanki da aka san shi da yaƙin ƙungiyoyi, suna yanke shawarar zaɓar kiɗa maimakon tashin hankali. Zia da Menacherry, masu shirya fina-finai biyu daga Indiya da Pakistan, sun haɗu don samar da tattaunawa ta siyasa ta kafofin watsa labarai na kiɗa da fina-finai. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar IDPA Long form Documentary Award (Azurfa). Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jaridun Fina-finai ta Mata ce ta zaɓe ta don kyautar EDA a IDFA (Netherlands), da kuma kyautar matasa a Sheffield (UK). ''Lyari Notes'' ita ce fim ɗin farko a fakitin sinima na Artists a Kochi Biennale (Indiya), da kuma bikin Indie Meme International Festival a Austin, Texas (Amurka). <ref name=":4" /> An zaɓi ''Daga Shadows'' (2022) don Lisbon Docs Pitch (Portugal), Docedge (Indiya), Global Media Makers Program (Amurka), Docs Port Incheon (Koriya), Global Pitch Sunny Side of the Docs (Faransa), Good Pitch (Indiya), da Impact Day FIFDH (Geneva). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedge |first=Prajwal |date=30 May 2021 |title=Story of trafficking in the shadow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/story-of-trafficking-in-the-shadow/articleshow/83080251.cms |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://ianslife.in/culture/underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=IANS Life |language=en}}</ref> Wannan fim mai tsawon gaske yana nuna waɗanda suka tsira daga fataucin yara kanana a Indiya. An fara nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa da kuma bikin fina-finai na gajere na Kerala. An ba da kuɗin tallafin ''From the Shadows'' da ''Lyari Notes'' ta hanyar taron jama'a. == Rayuwar fim == * 2004 – ''Komawa Fagen Wasan Kwaikwayo'' na BBC World (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Shahararrun jaruman Bollywood'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Mee Koli'' (Darakta) * 2007 - ''Robot Jockey'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2008 - ''Hasken da ya ƙone'' ga Discovery Channel da Doordarshan (Darakta) * 2011 – ''Tseren Bera'' (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2015 – ''Lyari Notes'' (Mai Darakta/Mai Shiryawa) * 2022 – ''Daga Shadows'' (Darakta/Furodusa) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] olue3rw7ul7daihhsbdr1mg6x4e4510 965978 965976 2026-10-10T22:13:14Z Nnamadee 31123 965978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Miriam Chandy Menacherry''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 1975) [[Documentary film|ƙwararriyar mai shirya fina-finan]] Indiya ce da ke zaune a [[Mumbai]], Indiya.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Who is Miriam Chandy Menacherry, Malayali who took home National Award for Best Director in Non-Feature category? |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2024/08/17/miriam-chandy-menacherry-from-the-shadows-best-director-non-feature-film.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=[[Onmanorama]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar fina-finai ta ƙasa don fim ɗin da ba shi da fasali kamar ''From the Shadows'' (2022). Ta kafa Filament Pictures a shekarar 2005, wani gidan shirya fina-finai wanda ke ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen fina-finai masu dacewa da zamantakewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Filament Pictures |url=http://www.filamentpictures.co.in/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=filamentpictures.co.in}}</ref> Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya fina-finai 18 da aka zaɓa daga Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya don Global Media Makers Fellowship 2019-20 wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da kuma Film Independent suka bayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Fellows |url=https://www.filmindependent.org/programs/global-media-makers/meet-the-fellows/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=Film Independent |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhushan |first=Nyay |date=2019-09-24 |title=Film Independent’s Global Media Makers Program Expands to Include South Asian Talent (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/film-independents-global-media-makers-program-include-south-asian-talent-1241312/ |access-date=2021-05-29 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin fim ɗinta mai suna ''Rat Race'' (2011) ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge a Cannes (Faransa). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2010-04-15 |title=Mumbai-based documentary wins Cannes co-production challenge |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/mumbai-based-documentary-wins-cannes-co-production-challenge/story-EhVcv1Ra9t5bINtyNmSpUK.html |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Miriam ta kuma lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Asiya don Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen Zamantakewa (2007) da kuma Ƙungiyar Fina-finan Muhalli ta Burtaniya (2008).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=2008 Winners |url=https://www.asiantvawards.com/winners/2008-winners/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Asian Television Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Menacherry a [[Chennai]] . Ta yi karatunta a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]] . Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Stella Maris da ke Chennai da digirin B.Sc (Honors). Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Fina-finai da Talabijin daga Cibiyar Bincike ta AJK Mass Communication da ke New Delhi. Bayan ta kammala karatu ta zama wakiliya a CNBC, Indiya sannan ta koma UTV a matsayin darakta. An kafa Filament Pictures a shekara ta 2005 don samar da sinima mai ma'ana wacce za ta gamsar da masu kallo a duk duniya. Menacherry ce ke jagorantar fina-finanta kuma take shirya su, kuma lokaci-lokaci tana shiga cikin rubutun da rarrabawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=Filmmaker Miriam Chandy Menacherry: Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/films/filmmaker-miriam-chandy-menacherry-underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> Daga zuriyar Malayali, Menacherry tana aiki a kan Ƙungiyar Mata a Cinema (WCC) da kuma ƙoƙarinsu na kawo sauyi a sinimar Malayalam. <ref name=":5" /> == Shirye-shiryen Fina-finai == ''Komawa ga Ƙasa'' (2004) wani shiri ne da Menacherry ya jagoranta don BBC World . Wannan shi ne bugun Indiya na shirin Burtaniya mai suna ''Back to the Floor'' . Bugun Indiya ya ƙunshi manyan shugabanni daga manyan kamfanonin kasuwanci a Indiya waɗanda ke aiki a matakin shago don samun ra'ayi daban game da ƙalubalen da ma'aikatansu ke fuskanta. Ya lashe kyaututtukan talabijin na Indiya don Mafi kyawun Jerin Kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-01-03 |title=BBC World to launch 'Back To The Floor' |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/jan/jan10.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An shirya shirin ''The Stuntmen of Bollywood'' (2005) don National Geographic Channel . Shirin fim ɗin ya ƙunshi rayuwa da wahalhalun da jaruman fina-finan [[Bollywood]] suka fuskanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-13 |title=UTV to showcase 'Stuntmen of Bollywood' on NGC |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k5/sep/sep161.htm |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref> An zaɓe shi don fim ɗin 'mafi ƙirƙira' a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na talabijin na Asiya . ''Mee Koli'' (2005) wani shirin gaskiya ne game da masuntan Koli na [[Mumbai]], asalin mazauna birnin da kuma gwagwarmayar da suke yi don kiyaye rayuwar halittun ruwa masu laushi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Catalogue 2011 |url=https://issuu.com/idfa/docs/catalogus_idfa2011_compleet_lr/177 |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Wani shirin gaskiya da ke kan iyakar almarar kimiyya, ''Robot Jockey'' (2007) ya yi nazari kan yanayin rayuwar [[Gasar raƙuma|masu tseren raƙuma]] na Bedouin a [[Qatar]] lokacin da suka horar da raƙumansu don karɓar masu hawan ƙarfe. Dangane da yadda ƙasashen duniya ke fuskantar suka game da amfani da yara kanana a tseren raƙumi, Qatar ta yanke shawarar dakatar da sukar ta hanyar komawa ga masu yin wasan robot . ''Robot Jockey'' ya lashe kyautar talabijin ta Asiya a matsayin mafi kyawun shirin shirya fina-finai na zamantakewa a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":2" /> Biyan buƙatun makamashi na al'umma ba tare da amfani da lalata yanayi ba - ''A Light Burns'' (2008) yana magana ne game da wahalhalun da al'umma mai nisa a [[Jharkhand]] ke fuskanta na kawo wutar lantarki zuwa ƙauyensu. Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan tafiyar al'umma don [[Fitar da Diesel|samar da man fetur]] daga irin man da ake samu a yankin. Ya lashe kyautar UK Environmental Film Fellowship. <ref name=":0" /> ''Tawagar Bera'' (2011) ta tattara tarihin rayuwar masu kisan bera a Mumbai waɗanda ke aiki yayin da birnin ke barci. Babban abin da ya fi daukar hankali a labarin shi ne wani mai son yin rawa a Bollywood wanda ya koma kama bera saboda dalilai daban-daban kuma ya shafe shekaru 37 masu zuwa yana kashe bera da kuma kula da sauran masu kama bera. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe gasar Mipdoc Co-Production Challenge, Cannes (Faransa), <ref name=":1" /> Audience Awards, Florence (Italiya) da Kerala (Indiya). An kuma fara nuna shirin fim ɗin a IDFA, Amsterdam (Netherlands). [[File:Camera_crowd.jpg|thumb| Daga saitin ''Daga cikin Shadows'']] ''Lyari Notes'' (2015), wanda Maheen Zia ta jagoranta, labari ne na shekarun 'yan mata huɗu a [[Karachi]] . Suna zaune a Lyari, wani yanki da aka san shi da yaƙin ƙungiyoyi, suna yanke shawarar zaɓar kiɗa maimakon tashin hankali. Zia da Menacherry, masu shirya fina-finai biyu daga Indiya da Pakistan, sun haɗu don samar da tattaunawa ta siyasa ta kafofin watsa labarai na kiɗa da fina-finai. Wannan shirin fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar IDPA Long form Documentary Award (Azurfa). Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jaridun Fina-finai ta Mata ce ta zaɓe ta don kyautar EDA a IDFA (Netherlands), da kuma kyautar matasa a Sheffield (UK). ''Lyari Notes'' ita ce fim ɗin farko a fakitin sinima na Artists a Kochi Biennale (Indiya), da kuma bikin Indie Meme International Festival a Austin, Texas (Amurka). <ref name=":4" /> An zaɓi ''Daga Shadows'' (2022) don Lisbon Docs Pitch (Portugal), Docedge (Indiya), Global Media Makers Program (Amurka), Docs Port Incheon (Koriya), Global Pitch Sunny Side of the Docs (Faransa), Good Pitch (Indiya), da Impact Day FIFDH (Geneva). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hedge |first=Prajwal |date=30 May 2021 |title=Story of trafficking in the shadow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/story-of-trafficking-in-the-shadow/articleshow/83080251.cms |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Underdogs' own storyteller |url=https://ianslife.in/culture/underdogs-own-storyteller |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=IANS Life |language=en}}</ref> Wannan fim mai tsawon gaske yana nuna waɗanda suka tsira daga fataucin yara kanana a Indiya. An fara nuna shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa da kuma bikin fina-finai na gajere na Kerala. An ba da kuɗin tallafin ''From the Shadows'' da ''Lyari Notes'' ta hanyar taron jama'a. == Rayuwar fim == * 2004 – ''Komawa Fagen Wasan Kwaikwayo'' na BBC World (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Shahararrun jaruman Bollywood'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta) * 2005 – ''Mee Koli'' (Darakta) * 2007 - ''Robot Jockey'' na National Geographic Channel (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2008 - ''Hasken da ya ƙone'' ga Discovery Channel da Doordarshan (Darakta) * 2011 – ''Tseren Bera'' (Darakta/Furodusa) * 2015 – ''Lyari Notes'' (Mai Darakta/Mai Shiryawa) * 2022 – ''Daga Shadows'' (Darakta/Furodusa) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0wk0o9wpkr7hinyk4m6x5lkpux1acyj 0 178849 965979 2026-10-10T22:13:41Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372197087|Binny Bansal]]" 965979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Binny Bansal''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1982/1983) hamshakin attajiri ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA" /> ɗan kasuwan intanet . <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA">{{Cite web |last=Srikar Muthyala |date=29 September 2015 |title=The List Great Entrepreneurs of India in 2015 |url=http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114000446/http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |archive-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=MyBTechLife}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.4. <ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/ |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]] . <ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA">{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Deepshikha |date=September 17, 2011 |title=Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal proudly owns flipkart.com, the biggest online bookstore in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20110926-india-today-youth-special-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-flipkart-747699-2011-09-17 |website=India Today}}</ref> <ref name="2014:FinancialExpressA">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2014 |title=Flipkart sales hit whopping $1 bn, Sachin and Binny Bansal 'run rate' stupendous |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/flipkart-sales-hit-whopping-1-bn-sachin-and-binny-bansal-run-rate-stupendous/1232292/ |website=The Financial Express}}</ref> Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa (COO) har zuwa Janairu 2016, lokacin da aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba). An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar a watan Janairun 2017 amma ya yi murabus a watan Nuwamban 2018 bayan zarge-zargen rashin da'a a Flipkart. <ref name="2017:FactorDailyA">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=Kalyan Krishnamurthy to take over as Flipkart CEO, Binny Bansal Group CEO - FactorDaily |url=http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110020502/http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |website=factordaily.com}}</ref> Shi mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital. <ref name="ForbesB">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/#17e3ac46303b |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jari a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-31 |title=IIT दिल्ली को इन 2 पूर्व छात्रों ने दिए 125 करोड़, करते हैं ये बिजनेस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/flipkart-founders-binny-sachin-bansal-to-invest-rs-125-crore-in-iit-delhi-fund-tedu-969910-2019-10-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Binny Bansal a kusa da 1982/1983. Mahaifinsa babban manaja ne a wani banki, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana aiki a ɓangaren gwamnati. Asalinsa ɗan asalin Chandigarh ne, babban birnin [[Punjab (Indiya)|Punjab]] da [[Haryana]] . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Anne's CONVENT SCHOOL |url=https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805154000/https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=sacschd.in}}</ref> <ref name="2013:BhaskarC">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2013 |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817010056/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |archive-date=17 August 2014 |website=dailybhaskar}}</ref> Ya yi karatun software programming a IIT Delhi. Ya kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi da digiri a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci . <ref name="2013:BhaskarC" /> <ref name="2014:ForbesIndiaD">{{Cite web |title=What Flipkart's Funds Mean for its Rivals |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/checkin/what-flipkarts-funds-mean-for-its-rivals/35683/1 |access-date=30 March 2014 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Amazon === Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Sarnoff Corporation. A watan Janairun 2007, ya shiga [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] a matsayin injiniyan software, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni tara. A farkon aikinsa, [[Google]] ya ƙi shi sau biyu. <ref name="2014:ConclaveA">{{Cite web |title=Before I got into Amazon, Google rejected me twice. But that did not stop me from starting Flipkart: Binny Bansal |url=http://conclave.intoday.in/video/before-starting-flipkart-i-was-doing-a-12-to-5-job-binny-bansal/3668/39/76.html |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya bar Amazon zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa [[Flipkart|na Flipkart]]. A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]] . <ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA" /> Abokin kasuwancinsa, Sachin Bansal, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da shi, shi ma ya fito daga Chandigarh, <ref name="forbesindia">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025154/http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> kuma abokin karatunsa ne a IIT Delhi, yana karatun injiniyan kimiyyar kwamfuta. Shi da abokin haɗin gwiwar wanda ya kafa kamfanin sun tara dala 6000 don fara kasuwancinsu kuma suka fara aiki daga gidansu. <ref name="ForbesB" /> Kafin su kafa [[Flipkart]] tare, Binny Bansal da abokin kasuwancinsa Sachin Bansal da farko sun yi tunanin fara injin bincike na kwatantawa amma sun fahimci cewa kasuwar kasuwancin e-commerce a Indiya ƙarama ce. Saboda haka, bayan sun bar Amazon a shekarar 2007, sun kafa Flipkart a matsayin kamfanin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo. Kafin ya shiga Amazon, Binny ya yi aiki da Sarnoff Corporation na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi, <ref name="daily.bhaskar.com">{{Cite web |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120063309/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> inda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar firikwensin layi don motoci wanda zai yi muku gargaɗi da ƙara ta atomatik idan kun canza layi ba tare da bayar da sigina ba. === Shugaban Kamfanin Flipkart === Bansal shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[Flipkart]] har zuwa Janairun 2016, lokacin da ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba), <ref name="2016LiveMintC">{{Cite news |date=12 January 2016 |title=Flipkart flips CEO post, Binny Bansal replaces Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8ebSI6fTpKEO4wp2nrfCJ/Flipkarts-Binny-Bansal-replaces-Sachin-Bansal-as-new-CEO.html |work=Livemint}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki kan ci gaban dabaru, alkibla da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. A shekarar 2017, ya karɓi muƙamin Shugaba na Flipkart Group kuma an miƙa masa muƙaminsa na baya ga Kalyan Krishnamurthy. A shekarar 2018, Walmart ta sami hannun jari kashi 77% a Flipkart Group. Bayan sayen, Bansal ya karɓi matsayin shugaba kuma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kamfanin. An kiyasta hannun jarinsa na kashi 5.5% akan dala biliyan 1 bayan siyan. Ya yi murabus daga Flipkart a watan Nuwamba na 2018 bisa zargin aikata ba daidai ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flipkart and Walmart statement on Binny Bansal |url=https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085718/https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-16 |website=news.walmart.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar ''jaridar Wall Street Journal,'' wani bincike da aka gudanar a Walmart ya kasa samun shaidar da za ta tabbatar da ikirarin cin zarafin mata da aka yi masa, amma ya bayyana "sauran kiraye-kiraye marasa kyau" game da yadda ya tafiyar da abin da ya kira wata yarjejeniya da wani tsohon ma'aikacin Flipkart a shekarar 2016. Bansal ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar zartarwa a watan Janairun 2024, kuma ya janye hannun jarinsa gaba ɗaya. A shekarar da ta gabata, Bansal, tare da Excel da Tiger Global Management, sun sayar da dukkan hannun jarinsu ga Walmart, wanda hakan ya sa ya sami dala biliyan 1.5. Walmart ta sami hannun jari na kashi 77% a Flipkart akan dala biliyan 16 a watan Mayun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Why Binny Bansal Left Flipkart Exploring the Move and the Rise of OppDoor |url=https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131030527/https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Zuba Jari === Shi babban mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital wanda ke mai da hankali kan zuba jari a fannonin [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]], [[Fasahar noma|noma]], da [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] . <ref name="ForbesB" /> Shi kuma mai saka hannun jari ne a kamfanoni masu tasowa kamar BrightCHAMPS, Virgio, Flash, Hire Quotient da Glints. <ref>{{Cite web |title=One-year-old ed-tech startup BrightChamps is now valued at half a billion, after $63 million round led by Premji Invests and Flipkart's Binny Bansal |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/premji-invest-flipkarts-binny-bansal-lead-63-million-funding-in-brightchamps/articleshow/87580925.cms |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritesh Agarwal, Sachin Bansal, And Other Entrepreneurs Who Turned Angel Investors - Wearing Two Hats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ritesh-agarwal-sachin-bansal-and-other-entrepreneurs-who-turned-angel-investors/binny-bansal/slideshow/77407977.cms |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 125 a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA" /> Ya kuma taimaka wajen tallafawa kamfanoni kusan 47 a zagayen samar da kuɗi guda 64, waɗanda suka haɗa da yarjejeniyoyi 28 a matakin farko, 14 a farkon da kuma 4 a matakin ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Binny Bansal: India's prolific startup investor |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/multimedia/binny-bansal-indias-prolific-startup-investor/105886 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=Fortuneindia}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == A watan Satumba na 2015, Bansal tare da Sachin Bansal, an nada su a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya, tare da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 1.3 a jerin masu arziki na Forbes India . A watan Afrilun 2016, an sanya sunan Sachin da Binny Bansal a cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya]] na shekara-shekara na mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' . Bayan haka, ''India Today'' ta sanya shi a matsayi na 26 tare da Sachin Bansal a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi ƙarfi a [[Indiya]] a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bansal yana zaune a Singapore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal - xto10x Technologies {{!}} LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505201524/https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da 'ya'ya maza tagwaye tare da matarsa Trisha Bansal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=E-Commerce Entrepreneur Seeks To Mentor And Invest In Startups From Singapore |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2020/08/19/e-commerce-entrepreneur-seeks-to-mentor-and-invest-in-startups-from-singapore/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> mai kula da gida. == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen IIT Delhi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lwm3klo1b55vdwfowx8uz43r9gcx9bw 965980 965979 2026-10-10T22:14:26Z Nnamadee 31123 965980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Binny Bansal''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1982/1983) hamshakin attajiri ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA" /> ɗan kasuwan intanet . <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA">{{Cite web |last=Srikar Muthyala |date=29 September 2015 |title=The List Great Entrepreneurs of India in 2015 |url=http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114000446/http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |archive-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=MyBTechLife}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.4. <ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/ |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]].<ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA">{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Deepshikha |date=September 17, 2011 |title=Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal proudly owns flipkart.com, the biggest online bookstore in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20110926-india-today-youth-special-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-flipkart-747699-2011-09-17 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="2014:FinancialExpressA">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2014 |title=Flipkart sales hit whopping $1 bn, Sachin and Binny Bansal 'run rate' stupendous |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/flipkart-sales-hit-whopping-1-bn-sachin-and-binny-bansal-run-rate-stupendous/1232292/ |website=The Financial Express}}</ref> Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa (COO) har zuwa Janairu 2016, lokacin da aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba). An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar a watan Janairun 2017 amma ya yi murabus a watan Nuwamban 2018 bayan zarge-zargen rashin da'a a Flipkart.<ref name="2017:FactorDailyA">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=Kalyan Krishnamurthy to take over as Flipkart CEO, Binny Bansal Group CEO - FactorDaily |url=http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110020502/http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |website=factordaily.com}}</ref> Shi mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital. <ref name="ForbesB">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/#17e3ac46303b |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jari a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-31 |title=IIT दिल्ली को इन 2 पूर्व छात्रों ने दिए 125 करोड़, करते हैं ये बिजनेस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/flipkart-founders-binny-sachin-bansal-to-invest-rs-125-crore-in-iit-delhi-fund-tedu-969910-2019-10-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Binny Bansal a kusa da 1982/1983. Mahaifinsa babban manaja ne a wani banki, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana aiki a ɓangaren gwamnati. Asalinsa ɗan asalin Chandigarh ne, babban birnin [[Punjab (Indiya)|Punjab]] da [[Haryana]] . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Anne's CONVENT SCHOOL |url=https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805154000/https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=sacschd.in}}</ref> <ref name="2013:BhaskarC">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2013 |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817010056/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |archive-date=17 August 2014 |website=dailybhaskar}}</ref> Ya yi karatun software programming a IIT Delhi. Ya kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi da digiri a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci.<ref name="2013:BhaskarC" /><ref name="2014:ForbesIndiaD">{{Cite web |title=What Flipkart's Funds Mean for its Rivals |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/checkin/what-flipkarts-funds-mean-for-its-rivals/35683/1 |access-date=30 March 2014 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Amazon === Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Sarnoff Corporation. A watan Janairun 2007, ya shiga [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] a matsayin injiniyan software, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni tara. A farkon aikinsa, [[Google]] ya ƙi shi sau biyu. <ref name="2014:ConclaveA">{{Cite web |title=Before I got into Amazon, Google rejected me twice. But that did not stop me from starting Flipkart: Binny Bansal |url=http://conclave.intoday.in/video/before-starting-flipkart-i-was-doing-a-12-to-5-job-binny-bansal/3668/39/76.html |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya bar Amazon zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa [[Flipkart|na Flipkart]]. A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]] . <ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA" /> Abokin kasuwancinsa, Sachin Bansal, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da shi, shi ma ya fito daga Chandigarh, <ref name="forbesindia">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025154/http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> kuma abokin karatunsa ne a IIT Delhi, yana karatun injiniyan kimiyyar kwamfuta. Shi da abokin haɗin gwiwar wanda ya kafa kamfanin sun tara dala 6000 don fara kasuwancinsu kuma suka fara aiki daga gidansu. <ref name="ForbesB" /> Kafin su kafa [[Flipkart]] tare, Binny Bansal da abokin kasuwancinsa Sachin Bansal da farko sun yi tunanin fara injin bincike na kwatantawa amma sun fahimci cewa kasuwar kasuwancin e-commerce a Indiya ƙarama ce. Saboda haka, bayan sun bar Amazon a shekarar 2007, sun kafa Flipkart a matsayin kamfanin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo. Kafin ya shiga Amazon, Binny ya yi aiki da Sarnoff Corporation na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi, <ref name="daily.bhaskar.com">{{Cite web |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120063309/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> inda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar firikwensin layi don motoci wanda zai yi muku gargaɗi da ƙara ta atomatik idan kun canza layi ba tare da bayar da sigina ba. === Shugaban Kamfanin Flipkart === Bansal shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[Flipkart]] har zuwa Janairun 2016, lokacin da ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba), <ref name="2016LiveMintC">{{Cite news |date=12 January 2016 |title=Flipkart flips CEO post, Binny Bansal replaces Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8ebSI6fTpKEO4wp2nrfCJ/Flipkarts-Binny-Bansal-replaces-Sachin-Bansal-as-new-CEO.html |work=Livemint}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki kan ci gaban dabaru, alkibla da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. A shekarar 2017, ya karɓi muƙamin Shugaba na Flipkart Group kuma an miƙa masa muƙaminsa na baya ga Kalyan Krishnamurthy. A shekarar 2018, Walmart ta sami hannun jari kashi 77% a Flipkart Group. Bayan sayen, Bansal ya karɓi matsayin shugaba kuma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kamfanin. An kiyasta hannun jarinsa na kashi 5.5% akan dala biliyan 1 bayan siyan. Ya yi murabus daga Flipkart a watan Nuwamba na 2018 bisa zargin aikata ba daidai ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flipkart and Walmart statement on Binny Bansal |url=https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085718/https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-16 |website=news.walmart.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar ''jaridar Wall Street Journal,'' wani bincike da aka gudanar a Walmart ya kasa samun shaidar da za ta tabbatar da ikirarin cin zarafin mata da aka yi masa, amma ya bayyana "sauran kiraye-kiraye marasa kyau" game da yadda ya tafiyar da abin da ya kira wata yarjejeniya da wani tsohon ma'aikacin Flipkart a shekarar 2016. Bansal ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar zartarwa a watan Janairun 2024, kuma ya janye hannun jarinsa gaba ɗaya. A shekarar da ta gabata, Bansal, tare da Excel da Tiger Global Management, sun sayar da dukkan hannun jarinsu ga Walmart, wanda hakan ya sa ya sami dala biliyan 1.5. Walmart ta sami hannun jari na kashi 77% a Flipkart akan dala biliyan 16 a watan Mayun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Why Binny Bansal Left Flipkart Exploring the Move and the Rise of OppDoor |url=https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131030527/https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Zuba Jari === Shi babban mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital wanda ke mai da hankali kan zuba jari a fannonin [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]], [[Fasahar noma|noma]], da [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] . <ref name="ForbesB" /> Shi kuma mai saka hannun jari ne a kamfanoni masu tasowa kamar BrightCHAMPS, Virgio, Flash, Hire Quotient da Glints. <ref>{{Cite web |title=One-year-old ed-tech startup BrightChamps is now valued at half a billion, after $63 million round led by Premji Invests and Flipkart's Binny Bansal |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/premji-invest-flipkarts-binny-bansal-lead-63-million-funding-in-brightchamps/articleshow/87580925.cms |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritesh Agarwal, Sachin Bansal, And Other Entrepreneurs Who Turned Angel Investors - Wearing Two Hats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ritesh-agarwal-sachin-bansal-and-other-entrepreneurs-who-turned-angel-investors/binny-bansal/slideshow/77407977.cms |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 125 a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA" /> Ya kuma taimaka wajen tallafawa kamfanoni kusan 47 a zagayen samar da kuɗi guda 64, waɗanda suka haɗa da yarjejeniyoyi 28 a matakin farko, 14 a farkon da kuma 4 a matakin ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Binny Bansal: India's prolific startup investor |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/multimedia/binny-bansal-indias-prolific-startup-investor/105886 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=Fortuneindia}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == A watan Satumba na 2015, Bansal tare da Sachin Bansal, an nada su a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya, tare da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 1.3 a jerin masu arziki na Forbes India . A watan Afrilun 2016, an sanya sunan Sachin da Binny Bansal a cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya]] na shekara-shekara na mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' . Bayan haka, ''India Today'' ta sanya shi a matsayi na 26 tare da Sachin Bansal a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi ƙarfi a [[Indiya]] a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bansal yana zaune a Singapore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal - xto10x Technologies {{!}} LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505201524/https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da 'ya'ya maza tagwaye tare da matarsa Trisha Bansal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=E-Commerce Entrepreneur Seeks To Mentor And Invest In Startups From Singapore |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2020/08/19/e-commerce-entrepreneur-seeks-to-mentor-and-invest-in-startups-from-singapore/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> mai kula da gida. == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen IIT Delhi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s51jpdkzovbwwn34f3zlk249u1mi4q8 965981 965980 2026-10-10T22:14:49Z Nnamadee 31123 965981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binny Bansal''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1982/1983) hamshakin attajiri ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA" /> ɗan kasuwan intanet . <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA">{{Cite web |last=Srikar Muthyala |date=29 September 2015 |title=The List Great Entrepreneurs of India in 2015 |url=http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114000446/http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |archive-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=MyBTechLife}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.4. <ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/ |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]].<ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA">{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Deepshikha |date=September 17, 2011 |title=Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal proudly owns flipkart.com, the biggest online bookstore in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20110926-india-today-youth-special-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-flipkart-747699-2011-09-17 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="2014:FinancialExpressA">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2014 |title=Flipkart sales hit whopping $1 bn, Sachin and Binny Bansal 'run rate' stupendous |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/flipkart-sales-hit-whopping-1-bn-sachin-and-binny-bansal-run-rate-stupendous/1232292/ |website=The Financial Express}}</ref> Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa (COO) har zuwa Janairu 2016, lokacin da aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba). An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar a watan Janairun 2017 amma ya yi murabus a watan Nuwamban 2018 bayan zarge-zargen rashin da'a a Flipkart.<ref name="2017:FactorDailyA">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=Kalyan Krishnamurthy to take over as Flipkart CEO, Binny Bansal Group CEO - FactorDaily |url=http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110020502/http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |website=factordaily.com}}</ref> Shi mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital. <ref name="ForbesB">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/#17e3ac46303b |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jari a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-31 |title=IIT दिल्ली को इन 2 पूर्व छात्रों ने दिए 125 करोड़, करते हैं ये बिजनेस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/flipkart-founders-binny-sachin-bansal-to-invest-rs-125-crore-in-iit-delhi-fund-tedu-969910-2019-10-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Binny Bansal a kusa da 1982/1983. Mahaifinsa babban manaja ne a wani banki, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana aiki a ɓangaren gwamnati. Asalinsa ɗan asalin Chandigarh ne, babban birnin [[Punjab (Indiya)|Punjab]] da [[Haryana]] . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Anne's CONVENT SCHOOL |url=https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805154000/https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=sacschd.in}}</ref> <ref name="2013:BhaskarC">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2013 |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817010056/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |archive-date=17 August 2014 |website=dailybhaskar}}</ref> Ya yi karatun software programming a IIT Delhi. Ya kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi da digiri a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci.<ref name="2013:BhaskarC" /><ref name="2014:ForbesIndiaD">{{Cite web |title=What Flipkart's Funds Mean for its Rivals |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/checkin/what-flipkarts-funds-mean-for-its-rivals/35683/1 |access-date=30 March 2014 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Amazon === Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Sarnoff Corporation. A watan Janairun 2007, ya shiga [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] a matsayin injiniyan software, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni tara. A farkon aikinsa, [[Google]] ya ƙi shi sau biyu. <ref name="2014:ConclaveA">{{Cite web |title=Before I got into Amazon, Google rejected me twice. But that did not stop me from starting Flipkart: Binny Bansal |url=http://conclave.intoday.in/video/before-starting-flipkart-i-was-doing-a-12-to-5-job-binny-bansal/3668/39/76.html |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya bar Amazon zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa [[Flipkart|na Flipkart]]. A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]] . <ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA" /> Abokin kasuwancinsa, Sachin Bansal, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da shi, shi ma ya fito daga Chandigarh, <ref name="forbesindia">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025154/http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> kuma abokin karatunsa ne a IIT Delhi, yana karatun injiniyan kimiyyar kwamfuta. Shi da abokin haɗin gwiwar wanda ya kafa kamfanin sun tara dala 6000 don fara kasuwancinsu kuma suka fara aiki daga gidansu. <ref name="ForbesB" /> Kafin su kafa [[Flipkart]] tare, Binny Bansal da abokin kasuwancinsa Sachin Bansal da farko sun yi tunanin fara injin bincike na kwatantawa amma sun fahimci cewa kasuwar kasuwancin e-commerce a Indiya ƙarama ce. Saboda haka, bayan sun bar Amazon a shekarar 2007, sun kafa Flipkart a matsayin kamfanin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo. Kafin ya shiga Amazon, Binny ya yi aiki da Sarnoff Corporation na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi, <ref name="daily.bhaskar.com">{{Cite web |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120063309/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> inda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar firikwensin layi don motoci wanda zai yi muku gargaɗi da ƙara ta atomatik idan kun canza layi ba tare da bayar da sigina ba. === Shugaban Kamfanin Flipkart === Bansal shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[Flipkart]] har zuwa Janairun 2016, lokacin da ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba), <ref name="2016LiveMintC">{{Cite news |date=12 January 2016 |title=Flipkart flips CEO post, Binny Bansal replaces Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8ebSI6fTpKEO4wp2nrfCJ/Flipkarts-Binny-Bansal-replaces-Sachin-Bansal-as-new-CEO.html |work=Livemint}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki kan ci gaban dabaru, alkibla da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. A shekarar 2017, ya karɓi muƙamin Shugaba na Flipkart Group kuma an miƙa masa muƙaminsa na baya ga Kalyan Krishnamurthy. A shekarar 2018, Walmart ta sami hannun jari kashi 77% a Flipkart Group. Bayan sayen, Bansal ya karɓi matsayin shugaba kuma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kamfanin. An kiyasta hannun jarinsa na kashi 5.5% akan dala biliyan 1 bayan siyan. Ya yi murabus daga Flipkart a watan Nuwamba na 2018 bisa zargin aikata ba daidai ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flipkart and Walmart statement on Binny Bansal |url=https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085718/https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-16 |website=news.walmart.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar ''jaridar Wall Street Journal,'' wani bincike da aka gudanar a Walmart ya kasa samun shaidar da za ta tabbatar da ikirarin cin zarafin mata da aka yi masa, amma ya bayyana "sauran kiraye-kiraye marasa kyau" game da yadda ya tafiyar da abin da ya kira wata yarjejeniya da wani tsohon ma'aikacin Flipkart a shekarar 2016. Bansal ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar zartarwa a watan Janairun 2024, kuma ya janye hannun jarinsa gaba ɗaya. A shekarar da ta gabata, Bansal, tare da Excel da Tiger Global Management, sun sayar da dukkan hannun jarinsu ga Walmart, wanda hakan ya sa ya sami dala biliyan 1.5. Walmart ta sami hannun jari na kashi 77% a Flipkart akan dala biliyan 16 a watan Mayun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Why Binny Bansal Left Flipkart Exploring the Move and the Rise of OppDoor |url=https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131030527/https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Zuba Jari === Shi babban mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital wanda ke mai da hankali kan zuba jari a fannonin [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]], [[Fasahar noma|noma]], da [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] . <ref name="ForbesB" /> Shi kuma mai saka hannun jari ne a kamfanoni masu tasowa kamar BrightCHAMPS, Virgio, Flash, Hire Quotient da Glints. <ref>{{Cite web |title=One-year-old ed-tech startup BrightChamps is now valued at half a billion, after $63 million round led by Premji Invests and Flipkart's Binny Bansal |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/premji-invest-flipkarts-binny-bansal-lead-63-million-funding-in-brightchamps/articleshow/87580925.cms |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritesh Agarwal, Sachin Bansal, And Other Entrepreneurs Who Turned Angel Investors - Wearing Two Hats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ritesh-agarwal-sachin-bansal-and-other-entrepreneurs-who-turned-angel-investors/binny-bansal/slideshow/77407977.cms |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 125 a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA" /> Ya kuma taimaka wajen tallafawa kamfanoni kusan 47 a zagayen samar da kuɗi guda 64, waɗanda suka haɗa da yarjejeniyoyi 28 a matakin farko, 14 a farkon da kuma 4 a matakin ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Binny Bansal: India's prolific startup investor |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/multimedia/binny-bansal-indias-prolific-startup-investor/105886 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=Fortuneindia}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == A watan Satumba na 2015, Bansal tare da Sachin Bansal, an nada su a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya, tare da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 1.3 a jerin masu arziki na Forbes India . A watan Afrilun 2016, an sanya sunan Sachin da Binny Bansal a cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya]] na shekara-shekara na mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' . Bayan haka, ''India Today'' ta sanya shi a matsayi na 26 tare da Sachin Bansal a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi ƙarfi a [[Indiya]] a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bansal yana zaune a Singapore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal - xto10x Technologies {{!}} LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505201524/https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da 'ya'ya maza tagwaye tare da matarsa Trisha Bansal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=E-Commerce Entrepreneur Seeks To Mentor And Invest In Startups From Singapore |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2020/08/19/e-commerce-entrepreneur-seeks-to-mentor-and-invest-in-startups-from-singapore/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> mai kula da gida. == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen IIT Delhi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n4uur7kimj7lmz072wrx2cr02s7eyvt 0 178850 965982 2026-10-10T22:15:10Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369515657|Sachin Bansal]]" 965982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachin Bansal''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1981) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=6 October 2014 |title=Sachin Bansal, Binny Bansal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/sachin-bansal-binny-bansal.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CNBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 9 richest Indian tech billionaires |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/people/meet-the-9-richest-indian-tech-billionaires/sachin-bansal/slideshow/52485526.cms |access-date=2020-09-29 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> An fi saninsa da wanda ya kafa [[Flipkart]] . A tsawon shekaru sama da 11 da ya yi a Flipkart, Bansal shi ne Shugaba kuma shugaban kamfanin. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya fice daga Flipkart bayan yarjejeniyar Walmart . A shekara ta 2007, Sachin Bansal da Binny Bansal (ba su da alaƙa da juna) sun kafa Flipkart wanda ƙimarsa a shekarar 2018 ta kai dala biliyan 20.8. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya mallaki kashi 5.5 cikin 100 na hannun jari a Flipkart, wanda ya sayar wa Walmart kuma dukiyarsa a lokacin ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1. <ref name="auto8" /> Sachin Bansal yanzu shine babban daraktan Navi Group, wani kamfanin ayyukan kuɗi. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bansal a Chandigarh, Indiya, a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1981. <ref name="auto2" /> Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa, kuma mai kula da gida ce. <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> Bansal ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . Bayan kammala karatunsa, Sachin ya shiga jarrabawar shiga IIT JEE kuma a karon farko ya sami matsayi na 2470 a duk Indiya. A can ne ya ƙara tsara jadawalin aikinsa. Sannan a karo na biyu ya sami matsayi na 49 a duk faɗin Indiya, bayan haka ya halarci IIT Delhi kuma ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na B.Tech a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniyanci . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2000 |title=Chandigarh Stories |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000530/cth1.htm |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bansal ya yi aiki a Techspan na tsawon watanni kaɗan, sannan daga baya a shekarar 2006 ya shiga Amazon Web Services a matsayin babban injiniyan software. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, Bansal ya bar Amazon don fara kamfaninsa. == Flipkart == A watan Oktoban 2007, Bansal da abokin haɗin gwiwarsa, Binny Bansal, suka fara sayar da littattafai ta yanar gizo, Flipkart, tare da babban jari na farko na ₹4,00,000 (Rupees Lakh 4 ko US$4,764). Sun fara aiki ne daga wani gida a Koramangala, a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Indiya. A cikin 'yan watannin farko, bisa ga ikirarin Bansal, ya kula da dukkan bayanan kasuwanci, tun daga gina sigar farko ta gidan yanar gizon su zuwa samo littattafai zuwa tattara su da isar da su. <ref name="auto6" /> Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa shi har zuwa 2016, Bansal ya riƙe muƙamin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa kuma daga 2016 zuwa 2018, ya riƙe muƙamin Shugaban Gudanarwa. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ba ta gasa ba da Walmart kuma ya fice daga Flipkart. Dokar rashin gasa ta takaita Bansal daga fara duk wani kasuwanci da ya yi gogayya kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 18 da kuma yin duk wani jari a cikin harkokin kasuwanci da ke fafatawa da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 36 bayan tafiyarsa. <ref name="auto5" /> == Post-Flipkart == A watan Disamba na 2018, Bansal ya kafa BACQ Acquisitions Private Limited, wani kamfani da ya mayar da hankali kan ginawa da kuma siyan kasuwanci masu amfani da fasaha a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. Tun daga shekarar 2014, Bansal ta zuba jari sau 18 a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni na farko, inda girman cinikin ya kai dala miliyan 1-2. A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 100 a kamfanin Ola Cabs kuma ya sami hannun jarin kashi 0.37 cikin 100. A watan Fabrairun 2019, ya saka hannun jari a cikin Ola, Grey Orange, Ather Energy, SigTuple, IN shorts, Unacademy da Terminus. <ref name="auto3" /> <ref name="auto4" /> == Navi Technologies == A watan Disamba na shekarar 2019, kamfanin Sachin Bansal's Navi Technologies ya sayi kamfanin ba da shawara kan fasaha na Maven Hive da ke Bengaluru. Ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da harkokin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vankipuram |first=Meera |date=2019-12-26 |title=Sachin Bansal's Navi acquires MavenHive |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/sachin-bansal-s-navi-acquires-mavenhive-11577381663235.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Sachin ya sayi kamfanin inshora na gabaɗaya COCO, wanda a da mallakar kamfanin Deewan Housing Finance Limited ne, ta hanyar kamfaninsa Navi Technologies a shekarar 2020. A watan Afrilun 2020, Navi Technologies ta sanar da Sachin Bansal a matsayin Manajan Darakta, a lokaci guda lokacin da kamfanin ya bayyana tara dala 209 daga Gaja Capital. A ranar 12 ga Maris 2022, Navi Technologies ta shigar da daftarin IPO na 3350 crore. == Ganewa == * Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara na ''Economic Times'', 2012–13. * A shekarar 2015, Forbes India ta sanya Bansal a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#2057 Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sachin-bansal/#3eaa1e1d2941 |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Forbes}}</ref> * A shekarar 2016, Mujallar Time ta saka Bansal da wanda ya kafa ta a cikin jerin [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri]] a duniya. * A shekarar 2017, kamfanin India Today ya saka Sachin Bansal da wanda ya kafa kamfanin a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi karfi a Indiya. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Sachin Bansal tana auren Priya Bansal Singh, likitan hakora ta hanyar horo da sana'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2016 |title=Here Are The Women Behind India's 11 Top Startup Stars |url=https://officechai.com/startups/wives-of-indian-startup-founders/ |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Office Chai}}</ref> Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Aryaman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2020 |title=Flipkart founder Bansal's wife alleges dowry harassment |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/flipkart-founder-bansals-wife-raises-life-threat-from-hubby-alarm/74491616 |access-date=15 August 2026 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> === Zarge-zargen cin zarafin gida === A watan Maris na shekarar 2020, matar Sachin Bansal Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar cin zarafin sadaki a kansa, tana zargin cin zarafi ta hanyar amfani da karfi da kuma lalata, da kuma matsin lamba kan ya mayar da kadarorinsa zuwa sunansa. Ta kuma yi zargin cewa Sachin ta yi lalata da 'yar uwarta. Rahoton farko na bayanai da aka yi wa rijista a ofishin 'yan sanda na Koramangala a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu ya ambaci mutane huɗu, ciki har da iyayen Sachin, Sat Prakash Agarwal da Kiran Bansal da ɗan'uwansu Nitin Bansal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Flipkart Co-Founder Sachin Bansal, His Family Accused Of Dowry Harassment By Wife Priya |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/flipkart-sachin-bansal-family-dowry-harassment-case_in_5e6092e8c5b69d641c0aa796 |access-date=2020-03-05 |website=HuffPost India |language=en}}</ref> A martanin da ya mayar, Sachin Bansal da iyalansa sun shigar da ƙara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsarin Laifuka a gaban Babbar Kotun Karnataka . An soke ƙarar da kuma FIR bisa umarnin Babbar Kotun Karnataka mai kwanan wata 13 ga Agusta 2021da 28 ga Satumba 2021.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} Daga baya Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar hutu ta musamman a gaban [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli]] ta Indiya tana ƙalubalantar umarnin da Babbar Kotun Karnataka ta bayar a baya. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta yi watsi da wannan ƙarar a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2022. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ifl6qoa6b60vtdh3x5nd6sgglg1tic0 965983 965982 2026-10-10T22:16:28Z Nnamadee 31123 965983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sachin Bansal''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1981) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=6 October 2014 |title=Sachin Bansal, Binny Bansal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/sachin-bansal-binny-bansal.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 9 richest Indian tech billionaires |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/people/meet-the-9-richest-indian-tech-billionaires/sachin-bansal/slideshow/52485526.cms |access-date=2020-09-29 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> An fi saninsa da wanda ya kafa [[Flipkart]]. A tsawon shekaru sama da 11 da ya yi a Flipkart, Bansal shi ne Shugaba kuma shugaban kamfanin. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya fice daga Flipkart bayan yarjejeniyar Walmart. A shekara ta 2007, Sachin Bansal da Binny Bansal (ba su da alaƙa da juna) sun kafa Flipkart wanda ƙimarsa a shekarar 2018 ta kai dala biliyan 20.8. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya mallaki kashi 5.5 cikin 100 na hannun jari a Flipkart, wanda ya sayar wa Walmart kuma dukiyarsa a lokacin ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1.<ref name="auto8" /> Sachin Bansal yanzu shine babban daraktan Navi Group, wani kamfanin ayyukan kuɗi. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bansal a Chandigarh, Indiya, a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1981. <ref name="auto2" /> Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa, kuma mai kula da gida ce.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> Bansal ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . Bayan kammala karatunsa, Sachin ya shiga jarrabawar shiga IIT JEE kuma a karon farko ya sami matsayi na 2470 a duk Indiya. A can ne ya ƙara tsara jadawalin aikinsa. Sannan a karo na biyu ya sami matsayi na 49 a duk faɗin Indiya, bayan haka ya halarci IIT Delhi kuma ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na B.Tech a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniyanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2000 |title=Chandigarh Stories |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000530/cth1.htm |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bansal ya yi aiki a Techspan na tsawon watanni kaɗan, sannan daga baya a shekarar 2006 ya shiga Amazon Web Services a matsayin babban injiniyan software. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, Bansal ya bar Amazon don fara kamfaninsa. == Flipkart == A watan Oktoban 2007, Bansal da abokin haɗin gwiwarsa, Binny Bansal, suka fara sayar da littattafai ta yanar gizo, Flipkart, tare da babban jari na farko na ₹4,00,000 (Rupees Lakh 4 ko US$4,764). Sun fara aiki ne daga wani gida a Koramangala, a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Indiya. A cikin 'yan watannin farko, bisa ga ikirarin Bansal, ya kula da dukkan bayanan kasuwanci, tun daga gina sigar farko ta gidan yanar gizon su zuwa samo littattafai zuwa tattara su da isar da su. Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa shi har zuwa 2016, Bansal ya riƙe muƙamin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa kuma daga 2016 zuwa 2018, ya riƙe muƙamin Shugaban Gudanarwa. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ba ta gasa ba da Walmart kuma ya fice daga Flipkart. Dokar rashin gasa ta takaita Bansal daga fara duk wani kasuwanci da ya yi gogayya kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 18 da kuma yin duk wani jari a cikin harkokin kasuwanci da ke fafatawa da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 36 bayan tafiyarsa. == Post-Flipkart == A watan Disamba na 2018, Bansal ya kafa BACQ Acquisitions Private Limited, wani kamfani da ya mayar da hankali kan ginawa da kuma siyan kasuwanci masu amfani da fasaha a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. Tun daga shekarar 2014, Bansal ta zuba jari sau 18 a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni na farko, inda girman cinikin ya kai dala miliyan 1-2. A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 100 a kamfanin Ola Cabs kuma ya sami hannun jarin kashi 0.37 cikin 100. A watan Fabrairun 2019, ya saka hannun jari a cikin Ola, Grey Orange, Ather Energy, SigTuple, IN shorts, Unacademy da Terminus. == Navi Technologies == A watan Disamba na shekarar 2019, kamfanin Sachin Bansal's Navi Technologies ya sayi kamfanin ba da shawara kan fasaha na Maven Hive da ke Bengaluru. Ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da harkokin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vankipuram |first=Meera |date=2019-12-26 |title=Sachin Bansal's Navi acquires MavenHive |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/sachin-bansal-s-navi-acquires-mavenhive-11577381663235.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Sachin ya sayi kamfanin inshora na gabaɗaya COCO, wanda a da mallakar kamfanin Deewan Housing Finance Limited ne, ta hanyar kamfaninsa Navi Technologies a shekarar 2020. A watan Afrilun 2020, Navi Technologies ta sanar da Sachin Bansal a matsayin Manajan Darakta, a lokaci guda lokacin da kamfanin ya bayyana tara dala 209 daga Gaja Capital. A ranar 12 ga Maris 2022, Navi Technologies ta shigar da daftarin IPO na 3350 crore. == Ganewa == * Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara na ''Economic Times'', 2012–13. * A shekarar 2015, Forbes India ta sanya Bansal a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#2057 Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sachin-bansal/#3eaa1e1d2941 |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Forbes}}</ref> * A shekarar 2016, Mujallar Time ta saka Bansal da wanda ya kafa ta a cikin jerin [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri]] a duniya. * A shekarar 2017, kamfanin India Today ya saka Sachin Bansal da wanda ya kafa kamfanin a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi karfi a Indiya. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Sachin Bansal tana auren Priya Bansal Singh, likitan hakora ta hanyar horo da sana'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2016 |title=Here Are The Women Behind India's 11 Top Startup Stars |url=https://officechai.com/startups/wives-of-indian-startup-founders/ |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Office Chai}}</ref> Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Aryaman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2020 |title=Flipkart founder Bansal's wife alleges dowry harassment |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/flipkart-founder-bansals-wife-raises-life-threat-from-hubby-alarm/74491616 |access-date=15 August 2026 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> === Zarge-zargen cin zarafin gida === A watan Maris na shekarar 2020, matar Sachin Bansal Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar cin zarafin sadaki a kansa, tana zargin cin zarafi ta hanyar amfani da karfi da kuma lalata, da kuma matsin lamba kan ya mayar da kadarorinsa zuwa sunansa. Ta kuma yi zargin cewa Sachin ta yi lalata da 'yar uwarta. Rahoton farko na bayanai da aka yi wa rijista a ofishin 'yan sanda na Koramangala a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu ya ambaci mutane huɗu, ciki har da iyayen Sachin, Sat Prakash Agarwal da Kiran Bansal da ɗan'uwansu Nitin Bansal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Flipkart Co-Founder Sachin Bansal, His Family Accused Of Dowry Harassment By Wife Priya |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/flipkart-sachin-bansal-family-dowry-harassment-case_in_5e6092e8c5b69d641c0aa796 |access-date=2020-03-05 |website=HuffPost India |language=en}}</ref> A martanin da ya mayar, Sachin Bansal da iyalansa sun shigar da ƙara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsarin Laifuka a gaban Babbar Kotun Karnataka . An soke ƙarar da kuma FIR bisa umarnin Babbar Kotun Karnataka mai kwanan wata 13 ga Agusta 2021da 28 ga Satumba 2021.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} Daga baya Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar hutu ta musamman a gaban [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli]] ta Indiya tana ƙalubalantar umarnin da Babbar Kotun Karnataka ta bayar a baya. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta yi watsi da wannan ƙarar a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2022. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c5m90gcj8cwvqfqvy53ns6hkvbot35x 965984 965983 2026-10-10T22:16:52Z Nnamadee 31123 965984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sachin Bansal''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1981) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=6 October 2014 |title=Sachin Bansal, Binny Bansal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/sachin-bansal-binny-bansal.html |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 9 richest Indian tech billionaires |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/people/meet-the-9-richest-indian-tech-billionaires/sachin-bansal/slideshow/52485526.cms |access-date=2020-09-29 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> An fi saninsa da wanda ya kafa [[Flipkart]]. A tsawon shekaru sama da 11 da ya yi a Flipkart, Bansal shi ne Shugaba kuma shugaban kamfanin. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya fice daga Flipkart bayan yarjejeniyar Walmart. A shekara ta 2007, Sachin Bansal da Binny Bansal (ba su da alaƙa da juna) sun kafa Flipkart wanda ƙimarsa a shekarar 2018 ta kai dala biliyan 20.8. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya mallaki kashi 5.5 cikin 100 na hannun jari a Flipkart, wanda ya sayar wa Walmart kuma dukiyarsa a lokacin ta kai sama da dala biliyan 1.<ref name="auto8" /> Sachin Bansal yanzu shine babban daraktan Navi Group, wani kamfanin ayyukan kuɗi. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bansal a Chandigarh, Indiya, a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 1981. <ref name="auto2" /> Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa, kuma mai kula da gida ce.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> Bansal ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . Bayan kammala karatunsa, Sachin ya shiga jarrabawar shiga IIT JEE kuma a karon farko ya sami matsayi na 2470 a duk Indiya. A can ne ya ƙara tsara jadawalin aikinsa. Sannan a karo na biyu ya sami matsayi na 49 a duk faɗin Indiya, bayan haka ya halarci IIT Delhi kuma ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na B.Tech a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta da Injiniyanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2000 |title=Chandigarh Stories |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000530/cth1.htm |access-date=21 February 2025 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bansal ya yi aiki a Techspan na tsawon watanni kaɗan, sannan daga baya a shekarar 2006 ya shiga Amazon Web Services a matsayin babban injiniyan software. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Sachin Bansal – Life Story |url=http://cxopartners.in/sachin-bansal-life-story |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=CXO Partners}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, Bansal ya bar Amazon don fara kamfaninsa. == Flipkart == A watan Oktoban 2007, Bansal da abokin haɗin gwiwarsa, Binny Bansal, suka fara sayar da littattafai ta yanar gizo, Flipkart, tare da babban jari na farko na ₹4,00,000 (Rupees Lakh 4 ko US$4,764). Sun fara aiki ne daga wani gida a Koramangala, a [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Indiya. A cikin 'yan watannin farko, bisa ga ikirarin Bansal, ya kula da dukkan bayanan kasuwanci, tun daga gina sigar farko ta gidan yanar gizon su zuwa samo littattafai zuwa tattara su da isar da su. Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa shi har zuwa 2016, Bansal ya riƙe muƙamin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa kuma daga 2016 zuwa 2018, ya riƙe muƙamin Shugaban Gudanarwa. A shekarar 2018, Bansal ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ba ta gasa ba da Walmart kuma ya fice daga Flipkart. Dokar rashin gasa ta takaita Bansal daga fara duk wani kasuwanci da ya yi gogayya kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 18 da kuma yin duk wani jari a cikin harkokin kasuwanci da ke fafatawa da Flipkart na tsawon watanni 36 bayan tafiyarsa. == Post-Flipkart == A watan Disamba na 2018, Bansal ya kafa BACQ Acquisitions Private Limited, wani kamfani da ya mayar da hankali kan ginawa da kuma siyan kasuwanci masu amfani da fasaha a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. Tun daga shekarar 2014, Bansal ta zuba jari sau 18 a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni na farko, inda girman cinikin ya kai dala miliyan 1-2. A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 100 a kamfanin Ola Cabs kuma ya sami hannun jarin kashi 0.37 cikin 100. A watan Fabrairun 2019, ya saka hannun jari a cikin Ola, Grey Orange, Ather Energy, SigTuple, IN shorts, Unacademy da Terminus. == Navi Technologies == A watan Disamba na shekarar 2019, kamfanin Sachin Bansal's Navi Technologies ya sayi kamfanin ba da shawara kan fasaha na Maven Hive da ke Bengaluru. Ba a bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da harkokin kuɗi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vankipuram |first=Meera |date=2019-12-26 |title=Sachin Bansal's Navi acquires MavenHive |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/start-ups/sachin-bansal-s-navi-acquires-mavenhive-11577381663235.html |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> Sachin ya sayi kamfanin inshora na gabaɗaya COCO, wanda a da mallakar kamfanin Deewan Housing Finance Limited ne, ta hanyar kamfaninsa Navi Technologies a shekarar 2020. A watan Afrilun 2020, Navi Technologies ta sanar da Sachin Bansal a matsayin Manajan Darakta, a lokaci guda lokacin da kamfanin ya bayyana tara dala 209 daga Gaja Capital. A ranar 12 ga Maris 2022, Navi Technologies ta shigar da daftarin IPO na 3350 crore. == Ganewa == * Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara na ''Economic Times'', 2012–13. * A shekarar 2015, Forbes India ta sanya Bansal a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#2057 Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sachin-bansal/#3eaa1e1d2941 |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Forbes}}</ref> * A shekarar 2016, Mujallar Time ta saka Bansal da wanda ya kafa ta a cikin jerin [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri]] a duniya. * A shekarar 2017, kamfanin India Today ya saka Sachin Bansal da wanda ya kafa kamfanin a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi karfi a Indiya. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Sachin Bansal tana auren Priya Bansal Singh, likitan hakora ta hanyar horo da sana'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2016 |title=Here Are The Women Behind India's 11 Top Startup Stars |url=https://officechai.com/startups/wives-of-indian-startup-founders/ |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Office Chai}}</ref> Suna da ɗa ɗaya, Aryaman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2020 |title=Flipkart founder Bansal's wife alleges dowry harassment |url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/flipkart-founder-bansals-wife-raises-life-threat-from-hubby-alarm/74491616 |access-date=15 August 2026 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> === Zarge-zargen cin zarafin gida === A watan Maris na shekarar 2020, matar Sachin Bansal Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar cin zarafin sadaki a kansa, tana zargin cin zarafi ta hanyar amfani da karfi da kuma lalata, da kuma matsin lamba kan ya mayar da kadarorinsa zuwa sunansa. Ta kuma yi zargin cewa Sachin ta yi lalata da 'yar uwarta. Rahoton farko na bayanai da aka yi wa rijista a ofishin 'yan sanda na Koramangala a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu ya ambaci mutane huɗu, ciki har da iyayen Sachin, Sat Prakash Agarwal da Kiran Bansal da ɗan'uwansu Nitin Bansal. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Flipkart Co-Founder Sachin Bansal, His Family Accused Of Dowry Harassment By Wife Priya |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/flipkart-sachin-bansal-family-dowry-harassment-case_in_5e6092e8c5b69d641c0aa796 |access-date=2020-03-05 |website=HuffPost India |language=en}}</ref> A martanin da ya mayar, Sachin Bansal da iyalansa sun shigar da ƙara a ƙarƙashin Dokar Tsarin Laifuka a gaban Babbar Kotun Karnataka . An soke ƙarar da kuma FIR bisa umarnin Babbar Kotun Karnataka mai kwanan wata 13 ga Agusta 2021da 28 ga Satumba 2021.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} Daga baya Priya Bansal ta shigar da ƙarar hutu ta musamman a gaban [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli]] ta Indiya tana ƙalubalantar umarnin da Babbar Kotun Karnataka ta bayar a baya. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta yi watsi da wannan ƙarar a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2022. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0kbfkn5y8d0ttu4llpye3uqnqecdkwy 0 178851 965985 2026-10-10T22:17:40Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337908754|Sumit Jain]]" 965985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sumit Jain''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1984) [[injiniyan software]] ne na Indiya kuma ɗan kasuwan Intanet . Ya fara shafin yanar gizo na gidaje na Commonfloor.com ga masu neman gidaje a shekarar 2007. Kafin haka, ya yi aiki tare da Oracle . A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, Sumit yana da alhakin jagorantar alkiblar CommonFloor da kuma cimma burin kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumit Jain Built an Incredible Business From Scratch |url=http://www.asianentrepreneur.org/sumit-jain-built-an-incredible-business-from-scratch/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Janairu 2016, dandalin tallan tallace-tallace na Quikr ya sanar da cewa sun sayi CommonFloor. Bayan shekara 1 da sayensa, Sumit ya ƙaura daga Quikr. A watan Yulin 2017, Sumit tare da wanda ya kafa Ashwani Jain sun ƙaddamar da Opentalk, wani manhajar murya ta zamantakewa da nufin taimaka wa masu amfani su inganta magana da Turanci ta hanyar yin magana da sauran masu magana da Turanci. Sumit yanzu shine wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Graphy.com, wani dandali don taimaka wa masu ƙirƙira su haɓaka masu sauraronsu, su sami kuɗi daga ƙwarewarsu, da kuma shirya darussan da suka dogara da ƙungiyar. An ɗaga Sumit zuwa abokin tarayya/wanda ya kafa tare & memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a Unacademy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy elevates Sumit Jain to cofounder status |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-elevates-sumit-jain-to-cofounder-status/articleshow/102747357.cms}}</ref> da kuma Shugaba Unacademy Test Prep. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy cofounder Sumit Jain appointed chief executive of the test-prep business |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-cofounder-sumit-jain-appointed-chief-executive-of-the-test-prep-business/articleshow/124094628.cms}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife ni kuma an girma a Khatauli, wani ƙaramin gari a [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indiya. Mahaifin Sumit yana da shago inda yake sayar da kayayyakin gini, inda yake yin yawancin lokacinsa lokacin da yake yaro, kuma wani lokacin mahaifinsa yana barin shagon a ƙarƙashin kulawarsa na tsawon kwanaki, yana gaya masa kada ya kira shi saboda kowane dalili. <ref>{{Cite web |title=His business education started at age 8...here's CommonFloor CEO's unusual story |url=http://e27.co/his-business-education-started-at-age-8heres-commonfloor-ceos-unusual-story-20150521/}}</ref> == Sana'a == Sumit ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin injiniyan kwamfuta daga [[IIT Roorkee|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya Roorkee]] a shekarar 2006. Bayan ɗan lokaci da ya yi aiki da Oracle Server Technologies, ya yanke shawarar fara kasuwancinsa kuma a shekarar 2007 ya fara Commonfloor.com tare da Lalit Mangal da Vikas Malpani. Ya sayar da CommonFloor ga Quikr a watan Janairun 2016 kuma ya yi aiki tare da Quikr na tsawon shekara guda. Ya fara shirin Opentalk a shekarar 2017 tare da Ashwani Jain. Ya kafa Graphy.com tare a shekarar 2020 tare da Sushil Kumar, Shobhit Bakliwal, da Fiona Leong. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2020 |title=Unacademy introduces new product 'Graphy' with a separate founding team |url=https://entrackr.com/2020/06/unacademy-pilots-new-product-graphy/}}</ref> An ɗaga Sumit zuwa abokin tarayya/wanda ya kafa tare & memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a Unacademy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy elevates Sumit Jain to cofounder status |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-elevates-sumit-jain-to-cofounder-status/articleshow/102747357.cms}}</ref> da kuma Shugaba Unacademy Test Prep. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy cofounder Sumit Jain appointed chief executive of the test-prep business |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-cofounder-sumit-jain-appointed-chief-executive-of-the-test-prep-business/articleshow/124094628.cms}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 40 na Fortune <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India's 40-under-40 : Groupon, Jombay, Zivame Flipkart, InMobi |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fortune-indias-40-under-40-zivame-groupon-flipkart-inmobi-gundecha/}}</ref> * Jerin sunayen kamfanoni 25 na farko na Hot Indian Web 2.0 da Dataquest ta fitar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dataquest presents Top 25 Indian Web 2.0 Start-ups |url=http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/dataquest-presents-top-25-indian-web-20-startups}}</ref> * Matasan 'Yan Kasuwa Mafi Zafi a Duniyar Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brightest New Stars |url=http://www.businessworld.in/co-report-entrepreneurs/brightest-new-stars#sthash.zGELI8eC.dpbs}}</ref> * An jera shi a cikin Bayanan Wutar Lantarki a Indiya na shekarar 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2015 |title=LinkedIn Power Profiles 2015 In India Speak The Voice of Leadership |url=http://dazeinfo.com/2015/08/17/linkedin-power-profiles-2015-india-speaks-voice-leadership}}</ref> * Matashin Wanda Ya Ci Nasara a Shekarar 2015' daga Kyautar Ƙasa don Kyau a Gidaje da Kayayyakin more rayuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumit Jain awarded 'Young Achiever of the Year' |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/real-estate/20150731381108.htm}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] aj728wv9sckoapbx4z19oq92x9itjjs 965986 965985 2026-10-10T22:18:16Z Nnamadee 31123 965986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sumit Jain''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1984) [[injiniyan software]] ne na Indiya kuma ɗan kasuwan Intanet . Ya fara shafin yanar gizo na gidaje na Commonfloor.com ga masu neman gidaje a shekarar 2007. Kafin haka, ya yi aiki tare da Oracle . A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa, Sumit yana da alhakin jagorantar alkiblar CommonFloor da kuma cimma burin kamfanin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumit Jain Built an Incredible Business From Scratch |url=http://www.asianentrepreneur.org/sumit-jain-built-an-incredible-business-from-scratch/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Janairu 2016, dandalin tallan tallace-tallace na Quikr ya sanar da cewa sun sayi CommonFloor. Bayan shekara 1 da sayensa, Sumit ya ƙaura daga Quikr. A watan Yulin 2017, Sumit tare da wanda ya kafa Ashwani Jain sun ƙaddamar da Opentalk, wani manhajar murya ta zamantakewa da nufin taimaka wa masu amfani su inganta magana da Turanci ta hanyar yin magana da sauran masu magana da Turanci. Sumit yanzu shine wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Graphy.com, wani dandali don taimaka wa masu ƙirƙira su haɓaka masu sauraronsu, su sami kuɗi daga ƙwarewarsu, da kuma shirya darussan da suka dogara da ƙungiyar. An ɗaga Sumit zuwa abokin tarayya/wanda ya kafa tare & memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a Unacademy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy elevates Sumit Jain to cofounder status |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-elevates-sumit-jain-to-cofounder-status/articleshow/102747357.cms}}</ref> da kuma Shugaba Unacademy Test Prep. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy cofounder Sumit Jain appointed chief executive of the test-prep business |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-cofounder-sumit-jain-appointed-chief-executive-of-the-test-prep-business/articleshow/124094628.cms}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife ni kuma an girma a Khatauli, wani ƙaramin gari a [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indiya. Mahaifin Sumit yana da shago inda yake sayar da kayayyakin gini, inda yake yin yawancin lokacinsa lokacin da yake yaro, kuma wani lokacin mahaifinsa yana barin shagon a ƙarƙashin kulawarsa na tsawon kwanaki, yana gaya masa kada ya kira shi saboda kowane dalili. <ref>{{Cite web |title=His business education started at age 8...here's CommonFloor CEO's unusual story |url=http://e27.co/his-business-education-started-at-age-8heres-commonfloor-ceos-unusual-story-20150521/}}</ref> == Sana'a == Sumit ya kammala karatunsa a matsayin injiniyan kwamfuta daga [[IIT Roorkee|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya Roorkee]] a shekarar 2006. Bayan ɗan lokaci da ya yi aiki da Oracle Server Technologies, ya yanke shawarar fara kasuwancinsa kuma a shekarar 2007 ya fara Commonfloor.com tare da Lalit Mangal da Vikas Malpani. Ya sayar da CommonFloor ga Quikr a watan Janairun 2016 kuma ya yi aiki tare da Quikr na tsawon shekara guda. Ya fara shirin Opentalk a shekarar 2017 tare da Ashwani Jain. Ya kafa Graphy.com tare a shekarar 2020 tare da Sushil Kumar, Shobhit Bakliwal, da Fiona Leong. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2020 |title=Unacademy introduces new product 'Graphy' with a separate founding team |url=https://entrackr.com/2020/06/unacademy-pilots-new-product-graphy/}}</ref> An ɗaga Sumit zuwa abokin tarayya/wanda ya kafa tare & memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a Unacademy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy elevates Sumit Jain to cofounder status |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-elevates-sumit-jain-to-cofounder-status/articleshow/102747357.cms}}</ref> da kuma Shugaba Unacademy Test Prep. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unacademy cofounder Sumit Jain appointed chief executive of the test-prep business |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/unacademy-cofounder-sumit-jain-appointed-chief-executive-of-the-test-prep-business/articleshow/124094628.cms}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 40 na Fortune <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortune India's 40-under-40 : Groupon, Jombay, Zivame Flipkart, InMobi |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fortune-indias-40-under-40-zivame-groupon-flipkart-inmobi-gundecha/}}</ref> * Jerin sunayen kamfanoni 25 na farko na Hot Indian Web 2.0 da Dataquest ta fitar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dataquest presents Top 25 Indian Web 2.0 Start-ups |url=http://www.pressreleasepoint.com/dataquest-presents-top-25-indian-web-20-startups}}</ref> * Matasan 'Yan Kasuwa Mafi Zafi a Duniyar Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Brightest New Stars |url=http://www.businessworld.in/co-report-entrepreneurs/brightest-new-stars#sthash.zGELI8eC.dpbs}}</ref> * An jera shi a cikin Bayanan Wutar Lantarki a Indiya na shekarar 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2015 |title=LinkedIn Power Profiles 2015 In India Speak The Voice of Leadership |url=http://dazeinfo.com/2015/08/17/linkedin-power-profiles-2015-india-speaks-voice-leadership}}</ref> * Matashin Wanda Ya Ci Nasara a Shekarar 2015' daga Kyautar Ƙasa don Kyau a Gidaje da Kayayyakin more rayuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sumit Jain awarded 'Young Achiever of the Year' |url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/real-estate/20150731381108.htm}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ls3bccbl9eh4drjd836th77bdu1m4de 0 178852 965987 2026-10-10T22:18:32Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376448258|Ramalinga Raju]]" 965987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Byrraju Ramalinga Raju''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Satyam Computer Services kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa daga 1987 zuwa 2009. Raju ya sauka daga muƙaminsa bayan ya amince da satar kuɗi daga kamfanin har zuwa ₹7,136 crores (kimanin dala biliyan 1.5 na Amurka), ciki har da ₹5,040&nbsp;dala biliyan 1 (kimanin dala biliyan 1 na tsabar kuɗi da sauran kuɗaɗen banki da ba su nan. A shekarar 2015, an same shi da laifin zamba a kamfanoni, wanda ya haifar da rugujewar Satyam Computers. <ref name="u823">{{Cite web |date=9 Apr 2015 |title=India Satyam Computers: B Ramalinga Raju jailed for fraud |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32229847 |access-date=1 Sep 2024 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Wani kamfanin fasaha mai suna Brane Enterprises wanda ke da alaƙa da iyali da Raju, inda yake taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana ƙarƙashin na'urar tantance korar ma'aikata ba zato ba tsammani da kuma rashin biyan albashi ga ma'aikata sama da 2,500.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2024 |title=Employees of Brane Enterprises voice grievances over unpaid salaries, layoffs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/employees-of-brane-enterprises-voice-grievances-over-unpaid-salaries-layoffs/article68879002.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ramalinga Raju, babban ɗan'uwa a cikin 'yan'uwa huɗu, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954 daga dangin Telugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 10, 2009 |title=CASTE IN STONE |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/caste-in-stone/articleshow/22248191.cms |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami digirin farko na kasuwanci daga Kwalejin Andhra Loyola da ke Vijayawada sannan daga baya ya sami digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Ohio da ke Amurka. Bayan dawowarsa Indiya a shekarar 1977, Raju ya yi aure yana da shekaru ashirin da biyu. Ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci da dama, ciki har da Dhanunjaya Hotels; da kuma wani kamfanin sarrafa auduga mai suna Sri Satyam Spinning, wanda Andhra Pradesh Industrial Development Corporation (APIDC) ke daukar nauyinsa, tare da zuba jarin ₹ crore 9 (wanda darajarsa ta kai kusan dala miliyan 7 a shekarar 1983). Yayin da kasuwancin suka gaza, Raju ya koma harkar gidaje ya kuma fara kamfanin gine-gine mai suna Maytas Infra Limited. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> == Iyali == Ramalinga Raju tana da aure da Nandini kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu - Teja Raju, da Rama Raju. Teja Raju ta auri Divya, wata 'yar rawa 'yar Bharatanatyam, yayin da Rama Raju ta auri [[Sandhya Raju]], wata 'yar rawa ta Kuchipudi kuma 'yar PR Venkatarama Raju, manajan darakta na Ramco Cements. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Dasarath Reddy & Sudipto |date=5 January 2019 |title=10 years after Satyam, Raju remains patriarch of family-run business empire |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/10-years-after-satyam-raju-remains-patriarch-of-family-s-business-empire-119010401161_1.html |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Standard India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2015 |title=Ramalinga Raju's family gets back into business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/ramalinga-rajus-family-gets-back-into-business-52619-2015-08-20 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1987, Raju ya saka Satyam Computer Services tare da ɗaya daga cikin surukinsa, DVS Raju, a P&T colony da ke Secunderabad da ma'aikata 20. A shekarar 1991, Satyam ta lashe abokin cinikinta na farko mai suna Fortune 500 - John Deere . Raju ya yi amfani da ikon gwamnati na Indiya don samun izinin da ake buƙata don aika bayanai daga Indiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2013}} Kamfanin ya fara bayyana a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1992. An yi wa Raju rajista a cikin shirin Owner/President Management (OPM) a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a shekarun 1990. A wata hira da Deccan Chronicle a shekarar 1998, Raju yana magana ne game da burin Satyam na aiki daga ƙasashe 50 tare da ƙidayar ma'aikata sama da 50,000. A shekarar 1999, Raju ya ƙaddamar da Satyam Infoway (Sify) a matsayin reshen intanet na Satyam, wanda hakan ya zama farkon shiga kasuwar sabis na intanet ta Indiya. Daga baya aka sayar da Sify ga Raju Vegesna. == Kasuwanci da siyasa == A watan Satumba na shekarar 1995, yayin da Raju ke gina Satyam, Andhra Pradesh ta sami sabon Babban Minista, Chandra Babu Naidu, wanda ke son kawo sauyi. Naidu ya ɗauki IT a matsayin masana'antar dabaru da za a mayar da hankali a kai, kuma Raju ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsara shirye-shiryen fasahar sadarwa ta jihar kamar 'Mee Kosam' ("Don ku" a cikin [[Talgu|Telugu]] ). Raju yana da damar ganawa da babban ministan ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba a matakin kashin kansa. Bincike kan rayuwarsa ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin kasuwanci da siyasa. == Badakalar Lissafi == Raju ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam bayan Satyam Scandal, inda ya amince da yin karya game da kudaden shiga, ribar da kuma sama da ₹ 5,000 crore na ma'aunin kuɗi a kamfanin. Kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers na Indiya, wanda shi ne mai binciken kuɗi na kamfanin, ya bayyana cewa kamfanin yana da tsabar kuɗi dala biliyan 1.1 lokacin da ainihin adadin ya kai dala miliyan 78. Watanni kaɗan kafin ɓarkewar wannan badakala, Raju ya yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan masu zuba jari ta hanyar iƙirarin cewa kamfanin yana da lafiya kuma a watan Oktoban da ya gabata ya ba masu sharhi mamaki da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yadda aka zata, yana mai iƙirarin cewa "kamfanin ya cimma wannan a cikin yanayi mai ƙalubale na tattalin arziki na duniya, kuma a tsakiyar yanayin canjin kuɗi wanda ya zama gaskiya". Wani yunƙurin saye da aka yi da Maytas a watan Disamba na 2008 ya haifar da damuwa game da shugabancin kamfanoni a tsakanin masu zuba jari na Indiya da kuma faduwar farashin hannun jari na Satyam. <ref name="ft1" /> A watan Janairun 2009, Raju ya nuna cewa an yi ƙarya a asusun Satyam tsawon shekaru da dama. <ref name="ft1">{{Cite journal |last=Joe Leahy |date=8 January 2009 |title=The $1bn black hole at the heart of company's finances |url=https://www.ft.com/content/24e4d8d4-dcf1-11dd-a2a9-000077b07658 |journal=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> Jimillar kadarorin da ke cikin takardar lissafin kuɗi ta Satyam sun ninka sau uku a tsakanin 2003–07 zuwa dala biliyan 2.2. Ya amsa laifin zamba ta asusun ajiya har zuwa ₹ crore 7,000 ko dala biliyan 1.5 kuma ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2009. Kamfanin Tech Mahindra ne ya sayi Satyam a watan Afrilun 2009, sannan ya sake masa suna Mahindra Satyam. A cikin wasiƙarsa, Raju ya bayyana tsarin aikinsa ga wani abu da ya fara a matsayin ƙarya ɗaya amma ya haifar da wani a matsayin "Abin da ya fara a matsayin gibin da ke tsakanin ribar aiki ta gaske da wadda aka nuna a cikin littattafai ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru. Ya kai matsayin da ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba yayin da girman ayyukan kamfanin ke ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru." Raju ya bayyana yadda ɓoyewar farko da aka yi wa wani mummunan wasan kwata-kwata ya ƙaru: "Yana kama da hawa damisa, ba tare da sanin yadda za a sauka ba ba tare da an ci ta ba." Daga nan sai 'yan sandan CID [[Andhra Pradesh]] karkashin jagorancin VSK Kaumudi, IPS suka kama Raju da ɗan'uwansa, B Rama Raju, bisa zargin karya amana, makirci, zamba, da kuma karya bayanai. Raju na iya fuskantar ɗaurin rai da rai idan aka same shi da laifin yaudarar masu zuba jari. Raju ya kuma yi amfani da asusun ajiya na karya don cinikin hannun jari na Satyam, wanda hakan ya karya ƙa'idar ciniki ta ciki . Gwamnatin Andhra Pradesh ta haɗa kadarori 44 mallakar iyalan masu tallata Satyam Computers a shari'ar da ake yi wa Raju. Yanzu haka ana zargin cewa waɗannan asusun na iya zama hanyar satar kuɗin da suka ɓace. <ref name="siphon">Timmons, Heather (17 January 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/18/business/worldbusiness/18india.html "Indian Executive Is Said to Have Siphoned Cash"], ''New York Times''</ref> Raju ya yarda cewa ya wuce gona da iri wajen bayyana adadin kuɗin da kamfanin ke da shi da dala biliyan 1.5. An kwantar da Raju a asibiti a watan Satumba na 2009 bayan wani ƙaramin bugun zuciya da ya yi, sannan aka yi masa tiyatar angioplasty. An ba Raju beli bisa sharadin cewa ya kamata ya kai rahoto ga ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin sau ɗaya a rana kuma kada ya yi ƙoƙarin yin kutse ga shaidun da ake da su a yanzu. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta soke wannan belin a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2010, kuma an umarce shi da ya mika kansa kafin 8 ga Nuwamba 2010. == Shari'ar kotu == A watan Nuwamba na 2010, Raju ya mika wuya bayan Kotun Koli a watan Agusta ta soke belin da wata ƙaramar kotu a Hyderabad ta ba shi, inda Satyam take. Kotun Koli a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2011 ta ba da belin Raju tun lokacin da Babban Ofishin Bincike (CBI) ya kasa shigar da ƙara a kan lokaci. A bisa dokar Indiya, idan ba a shigar da takardar tuhuma cikin kwanaki 90 ba, to wanda ake tuhuma yana da ikon karɓar belin da ba a biya shi ba. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2013, hukumar 'yan sanda ta shigar da kara a kan Raju da wasu mutane 212. Rahoton da aka shigar ya bayyana cewa "ya bayyana cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya koma yin mu'amala mai alaƙa, don tabbatar da cewa an nisanta kudaden da aka samu daga waɗanda suka ci gajiyar sa, kuma ya wanke kudaden da aka samu a ƙarƙashin rufin kamfani, da wani dalili na ɓoye na nuna kadarorin da aka samu a matsayin waɗanda ba su da lahani". A ranar 9 ga Afrilun 2015, an yanke wa Ramalinga Raju da 'yan uwansa hukuncin daurin shekaru 7 a gidan yari, tare da tararsa tarar ₹5.5 crore. A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2015, cikin wata guda da aka yanke masa hukunci, wata kotu ta musamman da ke Hyderabad ta ba da belin Ramalinga Raju da duk wasu da aka same su da laifi. An sanya kudin belin R. Raju da ɗan'uwansa a ₹10,00,000, yayin da aka sanya sauran waɗanda aka yanke wa hukuncin a ₹50,000 kawai. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2018, hukumar kula da kasuwar jari ta Indiya ta haramta wa kamfanin binciken kudi na duniya Price Waterhouse (PW) yin binciken kamfanoni a Indiya na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda zargin da ake yi masa na hada baki da daraktoci da ma'aikatan Satyam Computer Services, wajen aikata babban badakalar lissafin kudi ta kamfanoni a kasar. == A cikin al'adun jama'a == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7eztkpf8mssy07n33a8bhx0enhsbjhc 965988 965987 2026-10-10T22:19:15Z Nnamadee 31123 965988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Byrraju Ramalinga Raju''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Satyam Computer Services kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa daga 1987 zuwa 2009. Raju ya sauka daga muƙaminsa bayan ya amince da satar kuɗi daga kamfanin har zuwa ₹7,136 crores (kimanin dala biliyan 1.5 na Amurka), ciki har da ₹5,040&nbsp;dala biliyan 1 (kimanin dala biliyan 1 na tsabar kuɗi da sauran kuɗaɗen banki da ba su nan. A shekarar 2015, an same shi da laifin zamba a kamfanoni, wanda ya haifar da rugujewar Satyam Computers.<ref name="u823">{{Cite web |date=9 Apr 2015 |title=India Satyam Computers: B Ramalinga Raju jailed for fraud |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32229847 |access-date=1 Sep 2024 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Wani kamfanin fasaha mai suna Brane Enterprises wanda ke da alaƙa da iyali da Raju, inda yake taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana ƙarƙashin na'urar tantance korar ma'aikata ba zato ba tsammani da kuma rashin biyan albashi ga ma'aikata sama da 2,500.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2024 |title=Employees of Brane Enterprises voice grievances over unpaid salaries, layoffs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/employees-of-brane-enterprises-voice-grievances-over-unpaid-salaries-layoffs/article68879002.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ramalinga Raju, babban ɗan'uwa a cikin 'yan'uwa huɗu, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954 daga dangin Telugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 10, 2009 |title=CASTE IN STONE |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/caste-in-stone/articleshow/22248191.cms |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami digirin farko na kasuwanci daga Kwalejin Andhra Loyola da ke Vijayawada sannan daga baya ya sami digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Ohio da ke Amurka. Bayan dawowarsa Indiya a shekarar 1977, Raju ya yi aure yana da shekaru ashirin da biyu. Ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci da dama, ciki har da Dhanunjaya Hotels; da kuma wani kamfanin sarrafa auduga mai suna Sri Satyam Spinning, wanda Andhra Pradesh Industrial Development Corporation (APIDC) ke daukar nauyinsa, tare da zuba jarin ₹ crore 9 (wanda darajarsa ta kai kusan dala miliyan 7 a shekarar 1983). Yayin da kasuwancin suka gaza, Raju ya koma harkar gidaje ya kuma fara kamfanin gine-gine mai suna Maytas Infra Limited.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> == Iyali == Ramalinga Raju tana da aure da Nandini kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu - Teja Raju, da Rama Raju. Teja Raju ta auri Divya, wata 'yar rawa 'yar Bharatanatyam, yayin da Rama Raju ta auri [[Sandhya Raju]], wata 'yar rawa ta Kuchipudi kuma 'yar PR Venkatarama Raju, manajan darakta na Ramco Cements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Dasarath Reddy & Sudipto |date=5 January 2019 |title=10 years after Satyam, Raju remains patriarch of family-run business empire |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/10-years-after-satyam-raju-remains-patriarch-of-family-s-business-empire-119010401161_1.html |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Standard India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2015 |title=Ramalinga Raju's family gets back into business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/ramalinga-rajus-family-gets-back-into-business-52619-2015-08-20 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1987, Raju ya saka Satyam Computer Services tare da ɗaya daga cikin surukinsa, DVS Raju, a P&T colony da ke Secunderabad da ma'aikata 20. A shekarar 1991, Satyam ta lashe abokin cinikinta na farko mai suna Fortune 500 - John Deere . Raju ya yi amfani da ikon gwamnati na Indiya don samun izinin da ake buƙata don aika bayanai daga Indiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2013}} Kamfanin ya fara bayyana a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1992. An yi wa Raju rajista a cikin shirin Owner/President Management (OPM) a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a shekarun 1990. A wata hira da Deccan Chronicle a shekarar 1998, Raju yana magana ne game da burin Satyam na aiki daga ƙasashe 50 tare da ƙidayar ma'aikata sama da 50,000. A shekarar 1999, Raju ya ƙaddamar da Satyam Infoway (Sify) a matsayin reshen intanet na Satyam, wanda hakan ya zama farkon shiga kasuwar sabis na intanet ta Indiya. Daga baya aka sayar da Sify ga Raju Vegesna. == Kasuwanci da siyasa == A watan Satumba na shekarar 1995, yayin da Raju ke gina Satyam, Andhra Pradesh ta sami sabon Babban Minista, Chandra Babu Naidu, wanda ke son kawo sauyi. Naidu ya ɗauki IT a matsayin masana'antar dabaru da za a mayar da hankali a kai, kuma Raju ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsara shirye-shiryen fasahar sadarwa ta jihar kamar 'Mee Kosam' ("Don ku" a cikin [[Talgu|Telugu]] ). Raju yana da damar ganawa da babban ministan ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba a matakin kashin kansa. Bincike kan rayuwarsa ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin kasuwanci da siyasa. == Badakalar Lissafi == Raju ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam bayan Satyam Scandal, inda ya amince da yin karya game da kudaden shiga, ribar da kuma sama da ₹ 5,000 crore na ma'aunin kuɗi a kamfanin. Kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers na Indiya, wanda shi ne mai binciken kuɗi na kamfanin, ya bayyana cewa kamfanin yana da tsabar kuɗi dala biliyan 1.1 lokacin da ainihin adadin ya kai dala miliyan 78. Watanni kaɗan kafin ɓarkewar wannan badakala, Raju ya yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan masu zuba jari ta hanyar iƙirarin cewa kamfanin yana da lafiya kuma a watan Oktoban da ya gabata ya ba masu sharhi mamaki da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yadda aka zata, yana mai iƙirarin cewa "kamfanin ya cimma wannan a cikin yanayi mai ƙalubale na tattalin arziki na duniya, kuma a tsakiyar yanayin canjin kuɗi wanda ya zama gaskiya". Wani yunƙurin saye da aka yi da Maytas a watan Disamba na 2008 ya haifar da damuwa game da shugabancin kamfanoni a tsakanin masu zuba jari na Indiya da kuma faduwar farashin hannun jari na Satyam. <ref name="ft1" /> A watan Janairun 2009, Raju ya nuna cewa an yi ƙarya a asusun Satyam tsawon shekaru da dama. <ref name="ft1">{{Cite journal |last=Joe Leahy |date=8 January 2009 |title=The $1bn black hole at the heart of company's finances |url=https://www.ft.com/content/24e4d8d4-dcf1-11dd-a2a9-000077b07658 |journal=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> Jimillar kadarorin da ke cikin takardar lissafin kuɗi ta Satyam sun ninka sau uku a tsakanin 2003–07 zuwa dala biliyan 2.2. Ya amsa laifin zamba ta asusun ajiya har zuwa ₹ crore 7,000 ko dala biliyan 1.5 kuma ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2009. Kamfanin Tech Mahindra ne ya sayi Satyam a watan Afrilun 2009, sannan ya sake masa suna Mahindra Satyam. A cikin wasiƙarsa, Raju ya bayyana tsarin aikinsa ga wani abu da ya fara a matsayin ƙarya ɗaya amma ya haifar da wani a matsayin "Abin da ya fara a matsayin gibin da ke tsakanin ribar aiki ta gaske da wadda aka nuna a cikin littattafai ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru. Ya kai matsayin da ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba yayin da girman ayyukan kamfanin ke ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru." Raju ya bayyana yadda ɓoyewar farko da aka yi wa wani mummunan wasan kwata-kwata ya ƙaru: "Yana kama da hawa damisa, ba tare da sanin yadda za a sauka ba ba tare da an ci ta ba." Daga nan sai 'yan sandan CID [[Andhra Pradesh]] karkashin jagorancin VSK Kaumudi, IPS suka kama Raju da ɗan'uwansa, B Rama Raju, bisa zargin karya amana, makirci, zamba, da kuma karya bayanai. Raju na iya fuskantar ɗaurin rai da rai idan aka same shi da laifin yaudarar masu zuba jari. Raju ya kuma yi amfani da asusun ajiya na karya don cinikin hannun jari na Satyam, wanda hakan ya karya ƙa'idar ciniki ta ciki . Gwamnatin Andhra Pradesh ta haɗa kadarori 44 mallakar iyalan masu tallata Satyam Computers a shari'ar da ake yi wa Raju. Yanzu haka ana zargin cewa waɗannan asusun na iya zama hanyar satar kuɗin da suka ɓace. <ref name="siphon">Timmons, Heather (17 January 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/18/business/worldbusiness/18india.html "Indian Executive Is Said to Have Siphoned Cash"], ''New York Times''</ref> Raju ya yarda cewa ya wuce gona da iri wajen bayyana adadin kuɗin da kamfanin ke da shi da dala biliyan 1.5. An kwantar da Raju a asibiti a watan Satumba na 2009 bayan wani ƙaramin bugun zuciya da ya yi, sannan aka yi masa tiyatar angioplasty. An ba Raju beli bisa sharadin cewa ya kamata ya kai rahoto ga ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin sau ɗaya a rana kuma kada ya yi ƙoƙarin yin kutse ga shaidun da ake da su a yanzu. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta soke wannan belin a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2010, kuma an umarce shi da ya mika kansa kafin 8 ga Nuwamba 2010. == Shari'ar kotu == A watan Nuwamba na 2010, Raju ya mika wuya bayan Kotun Koli a watan Agusta ta soke belin da wata ƙaramar kotu a Hyderabad ta ba shi, inda Satyam take. Kotun Koli a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2011 ta ba da belin Raju tun lokacin da Babban Ofishin Bincike (CBI) ya kasa shigar da ƙara a kan lokaci. A bisa dokar Indiya, idan ba a shigar da takardar tuhuma cikin kwanaki 90 ba, to wanda ake tuhuma yana da ikon karɓar belin da ba a biya shi ba. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2013, hukumar 'yan sanda ta shigar da kara a kan Raju da wasu mutane 212. Rahoton da aka shigar ya bayyana cewa "ya bayyana cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya koma yin mu'amala mai alaƙa, don tabbatar da cewa an nisanta kudaden da aka samu daga waɗanda suka ci gajiyar sa, kuma ya wanke kudaden da aka samu a ƙarƙashin rufin kamfani, da wani dalili na ɓoye na nuna kadarorin da aka samu a matsayin waɗanda ba su da lahani". A ranar 9 ga Afrilun 2015, an yanke wa Ramalinga Raju da 'yan uwansa hukuncin daurin shekaru 7 a gidan yari, tare da tararsa tarar ₹5.5 crore. A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2015, cikin wata guda da aka yanke masa hukunci, wata kotu ta musamman da ke Hyderabad ta ba da belin Ramalinga Raju da duk wasu da aka same su da laifi. An sanya kudin belin R. Raju da ɗan'uwansa a ₹10,00,000, yayin da aka sanya sauran waɗanda aka yanke wa hukuncin a ₹50,000 kawai. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2018, hukumar kula da kasuwar jari ta Indiya ta haramta wa kamfanin binciken kudi na duniya Price Waterhouse (PW) yin binciken kamfanoni a Indiya na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda zargin da ake yi masa na hada baki da daraktoci da ma'aikatan Satyam Computer Services, wajen aikata babban badakalar lissafin kudi ta kamfanoni a kasar. == A cikin al'adun jama'a == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tcs125ef058zqkaiaidxc4436r2g9kn 965989 965988 2026-10-10T22:19:41Z Nnamadee 31123 965989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Byrraju Ramalinga Raju''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin rai da rai. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Satyam Computer Services kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa daga 1987 zuwa 2009. Raju ya sauka daga muƙaminsa bayan ya amince da satar kuɗi daga kamfanin har zuwa ₹7,136 crores (kimanin dala biliyan 1.5 na Amurka), ciki har da ₹5,040&nbsp;dala biliyan 1 (kimanin dala biliyan 1 na tsabar kuɗi da sauran kuɗaɗen banki da ba su nan. A shekarar 2015, an same shi da laifin zamba a kamfanoni, wanda ya haifar da rugujewar Satyam Computers.<ref name="u823">{{Cite web |date=9 Apr 2015 |title=India Satyam Computers: B Ramalinga Raju jailed for fraud |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32229847 |access-date=1 Sep 2024 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Wani kamfanin fasaha mai suna Brane Enterprises wanda ke da alaƙa da iyali da Raju, inda yake taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana ƙarƙashin na'urar tantance korar ma'aikata ba zato ba tsammani da kuma rashin biyan albashi ga ma'aikata sama da 2,500.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2024 |title=Employees of Brane Enterprises voice grievances over unpaid salaries, layoffs |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/employees-of-brane-enterprises-voice-grievances-over-unpaid-salaries-layoffs/article68879002.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Ramalinga Raju, babban ɗan'uwa a cikin 'yan'uwa huɗu, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1954 daga dangin Telugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jan 10, 2009 |title=CASTE IN STONE |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/sunday-read/caste-in-stone/articleshow/22248191.cms |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami digirin farko na kasuwanci daga Kwalejin Andhra Loyola da ke Vijayawada sannan daga baya ya sami digirin MBA daga Jami'ar Ohio da ke Amurka. Bayan dawowarsa Indiya a shekarar 1977, Raju ya yi aure yana da shekaru ashirin da biyu. Ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci da dama, ciki har da Dhanunjaya Hotels; da kuma wani kamfanin sarrafa auduga mai suna Sri Satyam Spinning, wanda Andhra Pradesh Industrial Development Corporation (APIDC) ke daukar nauyinsa, tare da zuba jarin ₹ crore 9 (wanda darajarsa ta kai kusan dala miliyan 7 a shekarar 1983). Yayin da kasuwancin suka gaza, Raju ya koma harkar gidaje ya kuma fara kamfanin gine-gine mai suna Maytas Infra Limited.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Business News Today: Read Latest Business news, India Business News Live, Share Market & Economy News |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/ |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> == Iyali == Ramalinga Raju tana da aure da Nandini kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya biyu - Teja Raju, da Rama Raju. Teja Raju ta auri Divya, wata 'yar rawa 'yar Bharatanatyam, yayin da Rama Raju ta auri [[Sandhya Raju]], wata 'yar rawa ta Kuchipudi kuma 'yar PR Venkatarama Raju, manajan darakta na Ramco Cements.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Dasarath Reddy & Sudipto |date=5 January 2019 |title=10 years after Satyam, Raju remains patriarch of family-run business empire |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/10-years-after-satyam-raju-remains-patriarch-of-family-s-business-empire-119010401161_1.html |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Standard India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2015 |title=Ramalinga Raju's family gets back into business |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/ramalinga-rajus-family-gets-back-into-business-52619-2015-08-20 |access-date=30 December 2021 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1987, Raju ya saka Satyam Computer Services tare da ɗaya daga cikin surukinsa, DVS Raju, a P&T colony da ke Secunderabad da ma'aikata 20. A shekarar 1991, Satyam ta lashe abokin cinikinta na farko mai suna Fortune 500 - John Deere . Raju ya yi amfani da ikon gwamnati na Indiya don samun izinin da ake buƙata don aika bayanai daga Indiya.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2013}} Kamfanin ya fara bayyana a bainar jama'a a shekarar 1992. An yi wa Raju rajista a cikin shirin Owner/President Management (OPM) a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard a shekarun 1990. A wata hira da Deccan Chronicle a shekarar 1998, Raju yana magana ne game da burin Satyam na aiki daga ƙasashe 50 tare da ƙidayar ma'aikata sama da 50,000. A shekarar 1999, Raju ya ƙaddamar da Satyam Infoway (Sify) a matsayin reshen intanet na Satyam, wanda hakan ya zama farkon shiga kasuwar sabis na intanet ta Indiya. Daga baya aka sayar da Sify ga Raju Vegesna. == Kasuwanci da siyasa == A watan Satumba na shekarar 1995, yayin da Raju ke gina Satyam, Andhra Pradesh ta sami sabon Babban Minista, Chandra Babu Naidu, wanda ke son kawo sauyi. Naidu ya ɗauki IT a matsayin masana'antar dabaru da za a mayar da hankali a kai, kuma Raju ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na tsara shirye-shiryen fasahar sadarwa ta jihar kamar 'Mee Kosam' ("Don ku" a cikin [[Talgu|Telugu]] ). Raju yana da damar ganawa da babban ministan ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba a matakin kashin kansa. Bincike kan rayuwarsa ya nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin kasuwanci da siyasa. == Badakalar Lissafi == Raju ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam bayan Satyam Scandal, inda ya amince da yin karya game da kudaden shiga, ribar da kuma sama da ₹ 5,000 crore na ma'aunin kuɗi a kamfanin. Kamfanin PricewaterhouseCoopers na Indiya, wanda shi ne mai binciken kuɗi na kamfanin, ya bayyana cewa kamfanin yana da tsabar kuɗi dala biliyan 1.1 lokacin da ainihin adadin ya kai dala miliyan 78. Watanni kaɗan kafin ɓarkewar wannan badakala, Raju ya yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan masu zuba jari ta hanyar iƙirarin cewa kamfanin yana da lafiya kuma a watan Oktoban da ya gabata ya ba masu sharhi mamaki da sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yadda aka zata, yana mai iƙirarin cewa "kamfanin ya cimma wannan a cikin yanayi mai ƙalubale na tattalin arziki na duniya, kuma a tsakiyar yanayin canjin kuɗi wanda ya zama gaskiya". Wani yunƙurin saye da aka yi da Maytas a watan Disamba na 2008 ya haifar da damuwa game da shugabancin kamfanoni a tsakanin masu zuba jari na Indiya da kuma faduwar farashin hannun jari na Satyam. <ref name="ft1" /> A watan Janairun 2009, Raju ya nuna cewa an yi ƙarya a asusun Satyam tsawon shekaru da dama. <ref name="ft1">{{Cite journal |last=Joe Leahy |date=8 January 2009 |title=The $1bn black hole at the heart of company's finances |url=https://www.ft.com/content/24e4d8d4-dcf1-11dd-a2a9-000077b07658 |journal=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> Jimillar kadarorin da ke cikin takardar lissafin kuɗi ta Satyam sun ninka sau uku a tsakanin 2003–07 zuwa dala biliyan 2.2. Ya amsa laifin zamba ta asusun ajiya har zuwa ₹ crore 7,000 ko dala biliyan 1.5 kuma ya yi murabus daga hukumar Satyam a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2009. Kamfanin Tech Mahindra ne ya sayi Satyam a watan Afrilun 2009, sannan ya sake masa suna Mahindra Satyam. A cikin wasiƙarsa, Raju ya bayyana tsarin aikinsa ga wani abu da ya fara a matsayin ƙarya ɗaya amma ya haifar da wani a matsayin "Abin da ya fara a matsayin gibin da ke tsakanin ribar aiki ta gaske da wadda aka nuna a cikin littattafai ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru. Ya kai matsayin da ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba yayin da girman ayyukan kamfanin ke ƙaruwa tsawon shekaru." Raju ya bayyana yadda ɓoyewar farko da aka yi wa wani mummunan wasan kwata-kwata ya ƙaru: "Yana kama da hawa damisa, ba tare da sanin yadda za a sauka ba ba tare da an ci ta ba." Daga nan sai 'yan sandan CID [[Andhra Pradesh]] karkashin jagorancin VSK Kaumudi, IPS suka kama Raju da ɗan'uwansa, B Rama Raju, bisa zargin karya amana, makirci, zamba, da kuma karya bayanai. Raju na iya fuskantar ɗaurin rai da rai idan aka same shi da laifin yaudarar masu zuba jari. Raju ya kuma yi amfani da asusun ajiya na karya don cinikin hannun jari na Satyam, wanda hakan ya karya ƙa'idar ciniki ta ciki . Gwamnatin Andhra Pradesh ta haɗa kadarori 44 mallakar iyalan masu tallata Satyam Computers a shari'ar da ake yi wa Raju. Yanzu haka ana zargin cewa waɗannan asusun na iya zama hanyar satar kuɗin da suka ɓace. <ref name="siphon">Timmons, Heather (17 January 2009) [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/18/business/worldbusiness/18india.html "Indian Executive Is Said to Have Siphoned Cash"], ''New York Times''</ref> Raju ya yarda cewa ya wuce gona da iri wajen bayyana adadin kuɗin da kamfanin ke da shi da dala biliyan 1.5. An kwantar da Raju a asibiti a watan Satumba na 2009 bayan wani ƙaramin bugun zuciya da ya yi, sannan aka yi masa tiyatar angioplasty. An ba Raju beli bisa sharadin cewa ya kamata ya kai rahoto ga ofishin 'yan sanda na yankin sau ɗaya a rana kuma kada ya yi ƙoƙarin yin kutse ga shaidun da ake da su a yanzu. [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Koli ta Indiya]] ta soke wannan belin a ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2010, kuma an umarce shi da ya mika kansa kafin 8 ga Nuwamba 2010. == Shari'ar kotu == A watan Nuwamba na 2010, Raju ya mika wuya bayan Kotun Koli a watan Agusta ta soke belin da wata ƙaramar kotu a Hyderabad ta ba shi, inda Satyam take. Kotun Koli a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2011 ta ba da belin Raju tun lokacin da Babban Ofishin Bincike (CBI) ya kasa shigar da ƙara a kan lokaci. A bisa dokar Indiya, idan ba a shigar da takardar tuhuma cikin kwanaki 90 ba, to wanda ake tuhuma yana da ikon karɓar belin da ba a biya shi ba. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 2013, hukumar 'yan sanda ta shigar da kara a kan Raju da wasu mutane 212. Rahoton da aka shigar ya bayyana cewa "ya bayyana cewa wanda ake tuhuma ya koma yin mu'amala mai alaƙa, don tabbatar da cewa an nisanta kudaden da aka samu daga waɗanda suka ci gajiyar sa, kuma ya wanke kudaden da aka samu a ƙarƙashin rufin kamfani, da wani dalili na ɓoye na nuna kadarorin da aka samu a matsayin waɗanda ba su da lahani". A ranar 9 ga Afrilun 2015, an yanke wa Ramalinga Raju da 'yan uwansa hukuncin daurin shekaru 7 a gidan yari, tare da tararsa tarar ₹5.5 crore. A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2015, cikin wata guda da aka yanke masa hukunci, wata kotu ta musamman da ke Hyderabad ta ba da belin Ramalinga Raju da duk wasu da aka same su da laifi. An sanya kudin belin R. Raju da ɗan'uwansa a ₹10,00,000, yayin da aka sanya sauran waɗanda aka yanke wa hukuncin a ₹50,000 kawai. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2018, hukumar kula da kasuwar jari ta Indiya ta haramta wa kamfanin binciken kudi na duniya Price Waterhouse (PW) yin binciken kamfanoni a Indiya na tsawon shekaru biyu saboda zargin da ake yi masa na hada baki da daraktoci da ma'aikatan Satyam Computer Services, wajen aikata babban badakalar lissafin kudi ta kamfanoni a kasar. == A cikin al'adun jama'a == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4ra3c2dq1onekjr5gf16anh106wr6rz 0 178853 965991 2026-10-10T22:30:44Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372577661|B. V. R. Mohan Reddy]]" 965991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BVR Mohan Reddy''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1950) babban jami'in kasuwanci ne kuma manajan injiniya na Indiya wanda ya kafa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gudanarwa na Cyient . Ya shiga DCM Group a shekarar 1974, <ref name="b384">{{Cite web |last=Lall |first=Pavan |date=25 Sep 2022 |title=Cyient founder BVR Mohan Reddy: 'In many industries, IT and technology will converge |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/cyient-founder-bvr-mohan-reddy-the-lines-between-pure-it-and-technology-are-blurry-the-future-will-be-technology-play-9226751.html |access-date=1 Sep 2024 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya yi aiki tare da MICO Bosch, HCL, da OMC Computers Limited. Ya kasance Shugaban NASSCOM daga 2014 zuwa 2015, kuma masanin harkokin kasuwanci ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurmanath |first=K. V. |date=2023-11-17 |title=Share wealth to retain talent: Cyient chief Reddy tells start-ups |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/share-wealth-with-its-creators-bvr-mohan-reddy-tells-start-ups/article67543482.ece |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi BVR Mohan Reddy a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1950 a Mahbubnagar, gundumar Mahbubnagar, [[Telangana]] . Mohan yana da digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyan injiniya daga Kwalejin Injiniya, Kakinada, Indiya, da kuma digirin digirgir daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya, Kanpur da Jami'ar Michigan . Ya kuma sami digirin girmamawa na Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jawaharlal Nehru da ke Hyderabad ; kuma digirin girmamawa na D.Sc. daga Jami'ar Andhra, Vishakhapatnam; da Doctor of Science Honoris Causa daga Jami'ar KL (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation), Vaddeswaram. <ref name="dora">{{Cite web |title=B V R Mohan Reddy |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=197&Itemid=304 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227175325/http://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=197&Itemid=304 |archive-date=27 February 2015 |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur}}</ref> == Sana'a == Mohan ya fara aikinsa ne da ƙungiyar DCM (Shiram Refrigeration), inda ya ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan haɗa layin haɗaɗɗu a samar da Injin Diesel. Bayan ya bar ƙungiyar DCM, ya yi aiki tare da MICO Bosch sannan ya yi aiki tare da HCL, kafin ya shiga kwamfutocin OMC a matsayin manajan darakta. <ref name="dora" /> <ref name="indiainfoline">{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Mr. B. V. R. Mohan Reddy, Founder, CMD, Infotech Enterprises Limited |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/research-leader-speak/mr.-b.-v.-r.-mohan-reddy-founder-chairman-and-managing-director-infotech-enterprises-limited-22763279_1.html |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=India Infoline News Service}} </ref> Mohan ya kafa Cyient a matsayin Infotech Enterprises a shekarar 1991, kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-09 |title=Nasscom appoints B.V.R. Mohan Reddy as new chairman |url=http://www.dqchannels.com/nasscom-appoints-b-v-r-mohan-reddy-as-new-chairman/}}</ref> <ref name="livemint.com" /> Ya kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta NASSCOM tun daga 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Indiya (CII), yankin kudu (2008–2009). Reddy kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gwamnonin IIT Hyderabad da [[IIT Roorkee]] ; memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na Jami'ar NIIT, Neemrana; kuma memba na Cibiyar kirkire-kirkire da kasuwanci a IIIT Hyderabad. <ref name="livemint.com">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-04 |title=Cyient eyeing four firms as potential buys |url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/voPRgeJSVWqZPKjs5aTzvO/Cyient-eyeing-four-firms-as-potential-buys.html}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar [https://www.uniindia.com/cyient-founder-chairman-honoured-with-prestigious-golden-peacock-award-in-london/business-economy/news/3333171.html Golden Peacock Award] don Nasara da Jagoranci a Fasaha ta Cibiyar Daraktoci (IOD) * Kyautar [https://www.icsi.edu/media/webmodules/PressRelease/PressReleaseCGAward456342025.pdf ICSI] ta 24 a Rayuwa * An shigar da Dr. BVR Mohan Reddy cikin ' [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bvr-makes-it-to-geospatial-hall-of-fame/articleshow/91502908.cms Gidan Shahararrun Masana'antu na Geospatial] ' a taron Geospatial World Forum (GWF) 2022 * Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa ta Hyderabad ta ba shi kyautar "Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara" ta 1992. * Kyautar Gudummawa Mai Kyau ta HYSEA a 1997 * Ernst &amp;amp; Young ya ba shi kyautar "Kyautar 'Yan Kasuwa Mai Kyau" a shekarar 1999 * Kyautar Jagorancin ASME <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.asmeconferences.org/IDETC2011/pdfs/IDETC2011FinalProgram.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021022342/http://www.asmeconferences.org/IDETC2011/pdfs/IDETC2011FinalProgram.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 |access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> * Doctorate na girmamawa - JNTU, Hyderabad * Kyautar Tsoffin Daliban da suka yi fice - IIT, Kanpur * Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa ta Hyderabad ta ba shi kyautar "Rayuwa Cikin Nasara" ta shekarar 2015 * Dandalin Ayyukan Raba Kayayyaki da ke birnin New Delhi ya karrama shi a matsayin "Shugaban Kasuwanci na Farko a Duniyar Indiya" a shekarar 2016. * Kyautar Padma Shri ta 2017 a fannin Ciniki da Masana'antu. == Daraja == * Tsohon Shugaban NASSCOM * Mataimakin Shugaba NASSCOM * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gwamnonin, IIT Hyderabad * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masana'antun Lantarki ta Andhra Pradesh (ELIAP) * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masu Fitar da Manhajoji ta Hyderabad (HYSEA) * Mataimakin Shugaban Babin CII-AP. * Shugaban CII (Majalisar Jiha ta AP) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cl5pqarvda8f8jwmdoedc9kl9vsiz1b 965992 965991 2026-10-10T22:31:10Z Nnamadee 31123 965992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''BVR Mohan Reddy''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 1950) babban jami'in kasuwanci ne kuma manajan injiniya na Indiya wanda ya kafa kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gudanarwa na Cyient . Ya shiga DCM Group a shekarar 1974, <ref name="b384">{{Cite web |last=Lall |first=Pavan |date=25 Sep 2022 |title=Cyient founder BVR Mohan Reddy: 'In many industries, IT and technology will converge |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/cyient-founder-bvr-mohan-reddy-the-lines-between-pure-it-and-technology-are-blurry-the-future-will-be-technology-play-9226751.html |access-date=1 Sep 2024 |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya yi aiki tare da MICO Bosch, HCL, da OMC Computers Limited. Ya kasance Shugaban NASSCOM daga 2014 zuwa 2015, kuma masanin harkokin kasuwanci ne. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurmanath |first=K. V. |date=2023-11-17 |title=Share wealth to retain talent: Cyient chief Reddy tells start-ups |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/share-wealth-with-its-creators-bvr-mohan-reddy-tells-start-ups/article67543482.ece |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi BVR Mohan Reddy a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 1950 a Mahbubnagar, gundumar Mahbubnagar, [[Telangana]] . Mohan yana da digirin digirgir a fannin injiniyan injiniya daga Kwalejin Injiniya, Kakinada, Indiya, da kuma digirin digirgir daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya, Kanpur da Jami'ar Michigan . Ya kuma sami digirin girmamawa na Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jawaharlal Nehru da ke Hyderabad ; kuma digirin girmamawa na D.Sc. daga Jami'ar Andhra, Vishakhapatnam; da Doctor of Science Honoris Causa daga Jami'ar KL (Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation), Vaddeswaram. <ref name="dora">{{Cite web |title=B V R Mohan Reddy |url=http://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=197&Itemid=304 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227175325/http://www.iitk.ac.in/dora/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=197&Itemid=304 |archive-date=27 February 2015 |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur}}</ref> == Sana'a == Mohan ya fara aikinsa ne da ƙungiyar DCM (Shiram Refrigeration), inda ya ba da gudummawa ga ayyukan haɗa layin haɗaɗɗu a samar da Injin Diesel. Bayan ya bar ƙungiyar DCM, ya yi aiki tare da MICO Bosch sannan ya yi aiki tare da HCL, kafin ya shiga kwamfutocin OMC a matsayin manajan darakta. <ref name="dora" /> <ref name="indiainfoline">{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Mr. B. V. R. Mohan Reddy, Founder, CMD, Infotech Enterprises Limited |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/research-leader-speak/mr.-b.-v.-r.-mohan-reddy-founder-chairman-and-managing-director-infotech-enterprises-limited-22763279_1.html |access-date=3 August 2015 |publisher=India Infoline News Service}} </ref> Mohan ya kafa Cyient a matsayin Infotech Enterprises a shekarar 1991, kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-09 |title=Nasscom appoints B.V.R. Mohan Reddy as new chairman |url=http://www.dqchannels.com/nasscom-appoints-b-v-r-mohan-reddy-as-new-chairman/}}</ref> <ref name="livemint.com" /> Ya kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Zartarwa ta NASSCOM tun daga 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Indiya (CII), yankin kudu (2008–2009). Reddy kuma yana aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gwamnonin IIT Hyderabad da [[IIT Roorkee]] ; memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na Jami'ar NIIT, Neemrana; kuma memba na Cibiyar kirkire-kirkire da kasuwanci a IIIT Hyderabad. <ref name="livemint.com">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-04 |title=Cyient eyeing four firms as potential buys |url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/voPRgeJSVWqZPKjs5aTzvO/Cyient-eyeing-four-firms-as-potential-buys.html}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar [https://www.uniindia.com/cyient-founder-chairman-honoured-with-prestigious-golden-peacock-award-in-london/business-economy/news/3333171.html Golden Peacock Award] don Nasara da Jagoranci a Fasaha ta Cibiyar Daraktoci (IOD) * Kyautar [https://www.icsi.edu/media/webmodules/PressRelease/PressReleaseCGAward456342025.pdf ICSI] ta 24 a Rayuwa * An shigar da Dr. BVR Mohan Reddy cikin ' [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/bvr-makes-it-to-geospatial-hall-of-fame/articleshow/91502908.cms Gidan Shahararrun Masana'antu na Geospatial] ' a taron Geospatial World Forum (GWF) 2022 * Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa ta Hyderabad ta ba shi kyautar "Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara" ta 1992. * Kyautar Gudummawa Mai Kyau ta HYSEA a 1997 * Ernst &amp;amp; Young ya ba shi kyautar "Kyautar 'Yan Kasuwa Mai Kyau" a shekarar 1999 * Kyautar Jagorancin ASME <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.asmeconferences.org/IDETC2011/pdfs/IDETC2011FinalProgram.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021022342/http://www.asmeconferences.org/IDETC2011/pdfs/IDETC2011FinalProgram.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2012 |access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> * Doctorate na girmamawa - JNTU, Hyderabad * Kyautar Tsoffin Daliban da suka yi fice - IIT, Kanpur * Ƙungiyar Gudanarwa ta Hyderabad ta ba shi kyautar "Rayuwa Cikin Nasara" ta shekarar 2015 * Dandalin Ayyukan Raba Kayayyaki da ke birnin New Delhi ya karrama shi a matsayin "Shugaban Kasuwanci na Farko a Duniyar Indiya" a shekarar 2016. * Kyautar Padma Shri ta 2017 a fannin Ciniki da Masana'antu. == Daraja == * Tsohon Shugaban NASSCOM * Mataimakin Shugaba NASSCOM * Shugaban, Kwamitin Gwamnonin, IIT Hyderabad * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masana'antun Lantarki ta Andhra Pradesh (ELIAP) * Shugaban Ƙungiyar Masu Fitar da Manhajoji ta Hyderabad (HYSEA) * Mataimakin Shugaban Babin CII-AP. * Shugaban CII (Majalisar Jiha ta AP) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7hs8my88fh5j9u7ly3bd20buu4hcql3 0 178854 965993 2026-10-10T22:32:12Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366836562|Sanjay Sethi]]" 965993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sanjay Sethi''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1972) injiniyan injiniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwan Intanet . A shekarar 2011, ya kafa ShopClues tare, wani kasuwa ta yanar gizo da ke Gurgaon don kayayyakin da ba su da alamar kasuwanci. A halin yanzu shi ne babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin. == Ilimi == Sethi ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan injiniya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (BHU) Varanasi a shekarar 1993. Saboda sha'awar ilmin taurari (Astrophysics), ya ƙi tayin da Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki da Falaki ta Jami'o'i ta Inter-University ta yi masa na neman aiki na ƙwararru. A shekarar 1996, Sethi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a [[Software|fannin fasahar software]] daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2015 |title=Why IITs create more entrepreneurs than IIMs |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250686 |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == Sethi ya fara aikinsa a Kamfanin Karfe na Rourkela amma tafiyarsa ta intanet da fasaha ta fara ne lokacin da ya yi rajista a Gidauniyar Canja wurin Fasaha da Ƙirƙira a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi . Kafin ƙaddamar da ShopClues, Sethi ya yi aiki tare da eBay, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kayayyakin Duniya don jigilar kaya, jigilar kayayyaki, da biyan kuɗi da biyan kuɗi. Kafin ya fara aiki da eBay, Sanjay ya yi aiki da dandalin SaaS Tradebeam. == Alamun Shago == ShopClues, wanda aka yi iƙirarin cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kasuwannin kan layi a Indiya, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2011 ta Sanjay Sethi, Sandeep Aggarwal, da Radhika Aggarwal. ShopClues ya shiga ƙungiyar Unicorn Club a shekarar 2016, inda darajarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=ShopClues co-founder Sanjay Sethi takes over as CEO |url=http://techcircle.vccircle.com/2013/10/15/shopclues-co-founder-sanjay-sethi-takes-over-as-ceo/ |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * Shugaban Shekara a CMO Asia Awards – 2016 * Kyautar Tsoffin Daliban da suka yi fice a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan tsofaffin ɗalibai na IIT-BHU – 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2016 |title=Sanjay Sethi of ShopClues receives IIT-BHU Alumni Excellence Award |url=http://www.voicendata.com/sanjay-sethi-of-shopclues-receives-iit-bhu-alumni-excellence-award/ |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> * Shugaban Kamfanin Shekara a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na CEO India Awards – 2016 == Amfani da rikicin kasuwancin e-commerce == An shigar da ƙarar jabun kuɗi ga Sanjay Sethi, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar kwace shagunan sayar da kaya daga Sandeep Aggarwal, da kuma karkatar da kuɗaɗen da aka samu daga baya. Duk da haka, Kotun Koli ta Delhi ba da daɗewa ba ta zartar da wani umarni na wucin gadi wanda ya hana duk wani mataki na tilastawa a kan Sanjay. Sanjay ya fuskanci ƙarar ɓata suna daga Sandeep Aggarwal a watan Maris na 2017. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] ozl30n15ioioim1i1hnnbgmajzxagvw 965994 965993 2026-10-10T22:32:31Z Nnamadee 31123 965994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sanjay Sethi''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 1972) injiniyan injiniya ne kuma ɗan kasuwan Intanet . A shekarar 2011, ya kafa ShopClues tare, wani kasuwa ta yanar gizo da ke Gurgaon don kayayyakin da ba su da alamar kasuwanci. A halin yanzu shi ne babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin. == Ilimi == Sethi ya kammala karatunsa na digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan injiniya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (BHU) Varanasi a shekarar 1993. Saboda sha'awar ilmin taurari (Astrophysics), ya ƙi tayin da Cibiyar Nazarin Falaki da Falaki ta Jami'o'i ta Inter-University ta yi masa na neman aiki na ƙwararru. A shekarar 1996, Sethi ya yi karatun digiri na farko a [[Software|fannin fasahar software]] daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2015 |title=Why IITs create more entrepreneurs than IIMs |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/250686 |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[Entrepreneur (magazine)|Entrepreneur]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == Sethi ya fara aikinsa a Kamfanin Karfe na Rourkela amma tafiyarsa ta intanet da fasaha ta fara ne lokacin da ya yi rajista a Gidauniyar Canja wurin Fasaha da Ƙirƙira a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi . Kafin ƙaddamar da ShopClues, Sethi ya yi aiki tare da eBay, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kayayyakin Duniya don jigilar kaya, jigilar kayayyaki, da biyan kuɗi da biyan kuɗi. Kafin ya fara aiki da eBay, Sanjay ya yi aiki da dandalin SaaS Tradebeam. == Alamun Shago == ShopClues, wanda aka yi iƙirarin cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kasuwannin kan layi a Indiya, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2011 ta Sanjay Sethi, Sandeep Aggarwal, da Radhika Aggarwal. ShopClues ya shiga ƙungiyar Unicorn Club a shekarar 2016, inda darajarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2013 |title=ShopClues co-founder Sanjay Sethi takes over as CEO |url=http://techcircle.vccircle.com/2013/10/15/shopclues-co-founder-sanjay-sethi-takes-over-as-ceo/ |access-date=16 November 2017 |publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * Shugaban Shekara a CMO Asia Awards – 2016 * Kyautar Tsoffin Daliban da suka yi fice a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan tsofaffin ɗalibai na IIT-BHU – 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2016 |title=Sanjay Sethi of ShopClues receives IIT-BHU Alumni Excellence Award |url=http://www.voicendata.com/sanjay-sethi-of-shopclues-receives-iit-bhu-alumni-excellence-award/ |access-date=16 November 2017}}</ref> * Shugaban Kamfanin Shekara a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na CEO India Awards – 2016 == Amfani da rikicin kasuwancin e-commerce == An shigar da ƙarar jabun kuɗi ga Sanjay Sethi, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar kwace shagunan sayar da kaya daga Sandeep Aggarwal, da kuma karkatar da kuɗaɗen da aka samu daga baya. Duk da haka, Kotun Koli ta Delhi ba da daɗewa ba ta zartar da wani umarni na wucin gadi wanda ya hana duk wani mataki na tilastawa a kan Sanjay. Sanjay ya fuskanci ƙarar ɓata suna daga Sandeep Aggarwal a watan Maris na 2017. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] kcbmfp4u7xm3u9hjl8v4o22fq0g6xk8 0 178855 965995 2026-10-10T22:35:06Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369181293|Anil Acharya]]" 965995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anil Acharya''' ( [[Yaren Bengali|Bengali]] : ''Ônil Ācāryô'' ) ƙwararren masanin Bengal ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya, mai rubutun makala, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. A shekarar 1966, ya kafa mujallar adabi [[Yaren Bengali|ta Bengali]] kwata-kwata da kuma ƙaramar mujallar ''Anustup'' . <ref name="CalcuttaYellowPages">{{Cite web |title=Anustup website's profile of the editor. Retrieved on 9 September 2013 |url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/108702editors-profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919053513/http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/108702editors-profile.html |archive-date=19 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}</ref> == Ilimi == Acharya ta kammala karatun digirin girmamawa a fannin adabin Turanci daga Kwalejin Cocin Scotland . Bayan haka ya sami digirin digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci daga Jami'ar Calcutta. == Sana'a == Acharya ya koyar da Turanci a Kwalejin Serampore, daga baya ya zama shugaban sashen kuma ya kafa shirin Turancin Sadarwa na kwalejin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}} Ayyukansa sun haɗa da Tarin, Tattarawa, Dijitalization na Rubuce-rubuce da sauran Harsunan Harshe a cikin Corpora don Harshen Bengali ga Babban Sakataren Fasahar Adabi ta Ƙasa Al'adu da Bincike na Ilimi, Kolkata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grants in Aid for Year 2007-08 |url=https://www.ldcil.org/GIA2007-2008.aspx |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Central Institute of Indian Languages}}</ref> Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar Mawallafa da Masu Sayar da Littattafai, waɗanda suka shirya bikin baje kolin littattafai na Kolkata, wanda shine babban baje kolin littattafai a Asiya kuma shine mafi yawan halarta a duniya.  An zaɓe shi Sakataren Ƙungiyar na tsawon wa'adi uku a jere, tsakanin 1996 da 1998, kuma a yake kan mulki, fitaccen masanin Falsafa ɗan Faransa Jacques Derrida ya buɗe bikin baje kolin littattafai na Kolkata a shekarar 1997. Tun daga shekarar 1986, an rubuta shi kuma an gyara mujallar kwata-kwata, Anustup, , kuma ya kafa wata mujalla ta adabi ta harshen Turanci don gajerun labarai da aka fassara daga Bengali, mai suna ''Harvest'' . A shekarar 1970, ya taimaka wa daraktan Australiya Paul Cox a matsayin mataimakin darakta wajen yin shirin gaskiya game da Calcutta. Shi ne kuma mataimakin furodusa na fim ɗin Paul Cox mai suna "Force of Destiny" wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2014. A halin yanzu yana da alaƙa da Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha ta St. Thomas, Kolkata. Tsakanin watan Fabrairun 2013 da Fabrairun 2015, ya rubuta wani rubutu na yau da kullun a jaridar Bengali mai suna 'Ei Somoy', mai suna "Nipaatone Siddho". Ya rubuta ɗimbin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin shekaru arba'in a cikin al'adu da siyasa na Bengali, kuma ya tsara Anustup da abin da yake nufi.  Shi ne kuma marubucin littafin Bengali mai suna "Parasmaipadi" wanda tarin labaran da ya zaɓa ne. == Ganewa == A shekarar 2012, Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Gwamnatin Indiya ta naɗa shi a matsayin ''Malamin Ƙasa na Tagore'' . == Duba kuma == * Ƙaramin motsi na mujallar * Laburare da Cibiyar Bincike ta Mujallar Kolkata Little == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pxn8ezd222q772tmh7vlw36puzbhctf 965996 965995 2026-10-10T22:35:31Z Nnamadee 31123 965996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anil Acharya''' ( [[Yaren Bengali|Bengali]]: ''Ônil Ācāryô'' ) ƙwararren masanin Bengal ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya, mai rubutun makala, marubuci kuma mawaƙi. A shekarar 1966, ya kafa mujallar adabi [[Yaren Bengali|ta Bengali]] kwata-kwata da kuma ƙaramar mujallar ''Anustup'' . <ref name="CalcuttaYellowPages">{{Cite web |title=Anustup website's profile of the editor. Retrieved on 9 September 2013 |url=http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/108702editors-profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919053513/http://www.calcuttayellowpages.com/adver/108702editors-profile.html |archive-date=19 September 2013 |access-date=8 September 2013}}</ref> == Ilimi == Acharya ta kammala karatun digirin girmamawa a fannin adabin Turanci daga Kwalejin Cocin Scotland . Bayan haka ya sami digirin digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci daga Jami'ar Calcutta. == Sana'a == Acharya ya koyar da Turanci a Kwalejin Serampore, daga baya ya zama shugaban sashen kuma ya kafa shirin Turancin Sadarwa na kwalejin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2021}} Ayyukansa sun haɗa da Tarin, Tattarawa, Dijitalization na Rubuce-rubuce da sauran Harsunan Harshe a cikin Corpora don Harshen Bengali ga Babban Sakataren Fasahar Adabi ta Ƙasa Al'adu da Bincike na Ilimi, Kolkata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grants in Aid for Year 2007-08 |url=https://www.ldcil.org/GIA2007-2008.aspx |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Central Institute of Indian Languages}}</ref> Shi memba ne na ƙungiyar Mawallafa da Masu Sayar da Littattafai, waɗanda suka shirya bikin baje kolin littattafai na Kolkata, wanda shine babban baje kolin littattafai a Asiya kuma shine mafi yawan halarta a duniya.  An zaɓe shi Sakataren Ƙungiyar na tsawon wa'adi uku a jere, tsakanin 1996 da 1998, kuma a yake kan mulki, fitaccen masanin Falsafa ɗan Faransa Jacques Derrida ya buɗe bikin baje kolin littattafai na Kolkata a shekarar 1997. Tun daga shekarar 1986, an rubuta shi kuma an gyara mujallar kwata-kwata, Anustup, , kuma ya kafa wata mujalla ta adabi ta harshen Turanci don gajerun labarai da aka fassara daga Bengali, mai suna ''Harvest'' . A shekarar 1970, ya taimaka wa daraktan Australiya Paul Cox a matsayin mataimakin darakta wajen yin shirin gaskiya game da Calcutta. Shi ne kuma mataimakin furodusa na fim ɗin Paul Cox mai suna "Force of Destiny" wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2014. A halin yanzu yana da alaƙa da Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha ta St. Thomas, Kolkata. Tsakanin watan Fabrairun 2013 da Fabrairun 2015, ya rubuta wani rubutu na yau da kullun a jaridar Bengali mai suna 'Ei Somoy', mai suna "Nipaatone Siddho". Ya rubuta ɗimbin abubuwan da suka faru a cikin shekaru arba'in a cikin al'adu da siyasa na Bengali, kuma ya tsara Anustup da abin da yake nufi.  Shi ne kuma marubucin littafin Bengali mai suna "Parasmaipadi" wanda tarin labaran da ya zaɓa ne. == Ganewa == A shekarar 2012, Ma'aikatar Al'adu ta Gwamnatin Indiya ta naɗa shi a matsayin ''Malamin Ƙasa na Tagore'' . == Duba kuma == * Ƙaramin motsi na mujallar * Laburare da Cibiyar Bincike ta Mujallar Kolkata Little == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] iu6g0ftsdgnbenstta8h1e9c9oglmsc 0 178856 965997 2026-10-10T22:36:25Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368789130|Siddharth Sivakumar]]" 965997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siddharth Sivakumar''' kwararren mai kula da fasaha ne, mai sukar fasaha, kuma marubuci. A yanzu haka shi ne Daraktan Ƙirƙira na wani gidan tarihi da kuma wurin adana kayan tarihi da ke Kolkata, Gallery Rasa. Shi ne kuma Mai Kulawa & Daraktan bugu na farko na Bengal Biennale, <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=Bengal Biennale: Celebration of arts of great masters and young artists debuts this winter |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/bengal-biennale-celebration-of-arts-of-great-masters-and-young-artists-debuts-this-winter/cid/2044490 |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2024 |title=Bengal Biennale to debut this year |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-biennale-debut-year-9552401/ |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> babban bikin fasaha na yankin, wanda ke ɗaukar kansa a matsayin dandamali na al'adu wanda aka wadatar da shi ta hanyar haɗuwa, haɗuwar tarihi da na yanzu, al'ada da rashin tsari, son kai da al'umma, gida da duniya. Gudummawar Siddharth ga fagen fasaha na Bengal da ma wasu wurare ta kasance mai mahimmanci inda ya shirya da kuma shirya shirye-shirye masu tasiri da dama, ciki har da a matsayinsa na Shugaban Fasahar Kayayyaki da Bugawa a cibiyar fasaha ta fannoni daban-daban da ke Kolkata, Cibiyar Kerawa ta Kolkata. Yana da sha'awar al'amuran duniyar fasaha kuma yana rubutu akai-akai ga mujallun fasaha kamar Art and Deal, ArtEast, da Art India. Muƙalolinsa kan batutuwan zamantakewa da al'adu sun bayyana a jaridun ƙasa, ciki har da The Hindu Business Line, The Statesman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Statesman: Letters to the editor |url=http://www.thestatesman.co.in/news/45345-letters-to-the-editor.html?page=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811203733/http://www.thestatesman.co.in/news/45345-letters-to-the-editor.html?page=4 |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref> The Wire, da The Telegraph (India) da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Humanities underground » Shibu Natesan : Animals, Magic Realism & Multiple-Realities |url=http://humanitiesunderground.org/shibu-natesan-animals-magic-realism-multiple-realities/}}</ref> == Iyali == Siddharth Sivakumar ɗa ne ga masanin tarihin fasaha R. Siva Kumar da Mini Sivakumar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.yentha.com/news/view/1/Mini-Sivakumar-Passes-Away |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021706/http://www.yentha.com/news/view/1/Mini-Sivakumar-Passes-Away |archive-date=5 August 2018 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref> Ya fito daga dangin masu shirya fina-finai, wadanda suka hada da Adoor Gopalakrishnan da Padmarajan . Saboda haka, daga asalinsa mai cike da fasaha, yana da sha'awar yin tasiri a duniyar fasaha da al'adu. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Siddharth ya shafe shekarunsa na girma a Santiniketan, inda ya kammala karatunsa daga Patha Bhavana kafin ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na farko da na biyu a fannin Adabin Turanci daga Jami'ar Visva-Bharati. A shekarar 2015, ya sami tallafin karatu na Charles Wallace daga Jami'ar Edinburgh, Scotland, sannan aka tura shi Jami'ar Yunnan, China a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar ɗalibai daga Visva-Bharati. An zaɓe shi don wani kwas na ɗan gajeren lokaci mai suna 'Binciken Zamani' wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙungiyoyi Masu Ci Gaba ta bayar a shekarar 2017. == Sana'a == A yanzu haka Siddharth shine darektan kirkire-kirkire na Gallery Rasa kuma mai kula da kuma daraktan bugu na farko na wani biki na musamman a Bengal - Bengal Biennale. Ya shirya kuma ya shirya wasanni biyu masu muhimmanci a Kolkata tun lokacin da ya hau mulki a Gallery Rasa - "The World Through Abu's Eyes: A Centennial Celebration" <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2024 |title=Abu Abraham: The man who had the last laugh |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/satire/abu-abraham-the-man-who-had-the-last-laugh |access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Incisive satire, diverse creatives—Cartoonist Abu Abraham held up a mirror to politicians |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/incisive-satire-diverse-creatives-cartoonist-abu-abraham-held-up-a-mirror-to-politicians/2177674/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Age has not blunted Abu Abraham's wit: Exhibition celebrates centennial of a prolific cartoonist |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/age-has-not-blunted-abu-abrahams-wit-exhibition-celebrates-centennial-of-a-prolific-cartoonist/cid/2034407 |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> da kuma "Tushen Furanni, Kololuwa zuwa Teku: Zane-zanen Chameli Ramachandran". A matsayinsa na Shugaban Sashen Fasaha da Buga Littattafai na Kayayyaki a Cibiyar Kerawa ta Kolkata, Siddharth ya shirya kuma ya gudanar da nune-nune sama da 30 masu faɗi. Wasu daga cikin manyan sun haɗa da wani shiri na Satyajit Ray Centenary Show mai juzu'i 3 - wanda kundinsa na ƙarshe ya yi tafiya zuwa Kochi tare da haɗin gwiwar Kerala Lalithakala Akademi ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Satyajit Ray Centenary Show at Durbar Hall Art Centre |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rsRMx87Mxk&t=5s |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=theweek.in}}</ref> wani baje kolin ayyukan Nikhil Chopra mai taken ''The Afterlife of Performance'' ; wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye wanda ke nuna littafin Benode Behari Mukherjee mafi daɗewa, sauran naɗe-naɗen hannunsa da wasu zane-zanen bango - ''Hotuna daga Santiniketan da Benodebehari's Handscrolls'' (2023) - wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Santiniketan]] tare da haɗin gwiwar Santiniketan Society of Visual Art and Design da Durbar Hall da ke [[Kochi]] tare da haɗin gwiwar Kerala Lalithakala Akademi ; Bikin Raza yana bikin rayuwa da ayyukan SH Raza tare da haɗin gwiwar Gidauniyar Raza ; da kuma wani baje kolin na tsawon shekaru 2, wanda aka nuna a matakai biyu, mai taken ''<nowiki/>'Yanci da Farkawa'' a Gidan Tarihi na Alipore da aka mayar da shi Gidan Tarihi. Ya kuma, a matsayin wani ɓangare na baje kolin kayan tarihi, ya shirya manyan sansanonin fasaha guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗa da fitattun mawaka masu hazaka daga jihar da kuma wasu wurare. A matsayinsa na Babban Jami'in Buga Littattafai na KCC, ya kuma kula da buga kasidodi da sauran wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyar a wannan lokacin. Siddharth kuma yana da sha'awar ba da ilimi ga matasa. Ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin malami a fannin dabarun kasuwanci a Tata Consultancy Services, Trivandrum a shekarar 2016, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Sashen Fasaha na Fasaha a Jami'ar Shugabanci, Kolkata a zangon karatu na biyu a shekarar 2022. Siddharth, mai tunani mai kirkire-kirkire, yana da sha'awar kasuwanci wanda ya sa ya zama editan farko na ''Tinpahar'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us &#124; Tinpahar |url=http://www.tinpahar.com/we |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222153749/http://www.tinpahar.com/we |archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> wani littafi na kan layi kan fasaha da al'adu, bugu 14 daga cikinsu ya gyara tsakanin 2012 da 2016. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Shagon Labule da Zane na Yellow Curtain (2018–2020). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] acu1dpt93jf0gpxnhk187ar24d6p92i 965998 965997 2026-10-10T22:36:50Z Nnamadee 31123 965998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Siddharth Sivakumar''' kwararren mai kula da fasaha ne, mai sukar fasaha, kuma marubuci. A yanzu haka shi ne Daraktan Ƙirƙira na wani gidan tarihi da kuma wurin adana kayan tarihi da ke Kolkata, Gallery Rasa. Shi ne kuma Mai Kulawa & Daraktan bugu na farko na Bengal Biennale, <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=Bengal Biennale: Celebration of arts of great masters and young artists debuts this winter |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/bengal-biennale-celebration-of-arts-of-great-masters-and-young-artists-debuts-this-winter/cid/2044490 |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2024 |title=Bengal Biennale to debut this year |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/bengal-biennale-debut-year-9552401/ |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> babban bikin fasaha na yankin, wanda ke ɗaukar kansa a matsayin dandamali na al'adu wanda aka wadatar da shi ta hanyar haɗuwa, haɗuwar tarihi da na yanzu, al'ada da rashin tsari, son kai da al'umma, gida da duniya. Gudummawar Siddharth ga fagen fasaha na Bengal da ma wasu wurare ta kasance mai mahimmanci inda ya shirya da kuma shirya shirye-shirye masu tasiri da dama, ciki har da a matsayinsa na Shugaban Fasahar Kayayyaki da Bugawa a cibiyar fasaha ta fannoni daban-daban da ke Kolkata, Cibiyar Kerawa ta Kolkata. Yana da sha'awar al'amuran duniyar fasaha kuma yana rubutu akai-akai ga mujallun fasaha kamar Art and Deal, ArtEast, da Art India. Muƙalolinsa kan batutuwan zamantakewa da al'adu sun bayyana a jaridun ƙasa, ciki har da The Hindu Business Line, The Statesman, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Statesman: Letters to the editor |url=http://www.thestatesman.co.in/news/45345-letters-to-the-editor.html?page=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811203733/http://www.thestatesman.co.in/news/45345-letters-to-the-editor.html?page=4 |archive-date=11 August 2014 |access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref> The Wire, da The Telegraph (India) da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Humanities underground » Shibu Natesan : Animals, Magic Realism & Multiple-Realities |url=http://humanitiesunderground.org/shibu-natesan-animals-magic-realism-multiple-realities/}}</ref> == Iyali == Siddharth Sivakumar ɗa ne ga masanin tarihin fasaha R. Siva Kumar da Mini Sivakumar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.yentha.com/news/view/1/Mini-Sivakumar-Passes-Away |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021706/http://www.yentha.com/news/view/1/Mini-Sivakumar-Passes-Away |archive-date=5 August 2018 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref> Ya fito daga dangin masu shirya fina-finai, wadanda suka hada da Adoor Gopalakrishnan da Padmarajan . Saboda haka, daga asalinsa mai cike da fasaha, yana da sha'awar yin tasiri a duniyar fasaha da al'adu. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Siddharth ya shafe shekarunsa na girma a Santiniketan, inda ya kammala karatunsa daga Patha Bhavana kafin ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na farko da na biyu a fannin Adabin Turanci daga Jami'ar Visva-Bharati. A shekarar 2015, ya sami tallafin karatu na Charles Wallace daga Jami'ar Edinburgh, Scotland, sannan aka tura shi Jami'ar Yunnan, China a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar ɗalibai daga Visva-Bharati. An zaɓe shi don wani kwas na ɗan gajeren lokaci mai suna 'Binciken Zamani' wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙungiyoyi Masu Ci Gaba ta bayar a shekarar 2017. == Sana'a == A yanzu haka Siddharth shine darektan kirkire-kirkire na Gallery Rasa kuma mai kula da kuma daraktan bugu na farko na wani biki na musamman a Bengal - Bengal Biennale. Ya shirya kuma ya shirya wasanni biyu masu muhimmanci a Kolkata tun lokacin da ya hau mulki a Gallery Rasa - "The World Through Abu's Eyes: A Centennial Celebration" <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2024 |title=Abu Abraham: The man who had the last laugh |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/satire/abu-abraham-the-man-who-had-the-last-laugh |access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=Incisive satire, diverse creatives—Cartoonist Abu Abraham held up a mirror to politicians |url=https://theprint.in/feature/around-town/incisive-satire-diverse-creatives-cartoonist-abu-abraham-held-up-a-mirror-to-politicians/2177674/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Age has not blunted Abu Abraham's wit: Exhibition celebrates centennial of a prolific cartoonist |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/kolkata/age-has-not-blunted-abu-abrahams-wit-exhibition-celebrates-centennial-of-a-prolific-cartoonist/cid/2034407 |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> da kuma "Tushen Furanni, Kololuwa zuwa Teku: Zane-zanen Chameli Ramachandran". A matsayinsa na Shugaban Sashen Fasaha da Buga Littattafai na Kayayyaki a Cibiyar Kerawa ta Kolkata, Siddharth ya shirya kuma ya gudanar da nune-nune sama da 30 masu faɗi. Wasu daga cikin manyan sun haɗa da wani shiri na Satyajit Ray Centenary Show mai juzu'i 3 - wanda kundinsa na ƙarshe ya yi tafiya zuwa Kochi tare da haɗin gwiwar Kerala Lalithakala Akademi ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2022 |title=Satyajit Ray Centenary Show at Durbar Hall Art Centre |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rsRMx87Mxk&t=5s |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=theweek.in}}</ref> wani baje kolin ayyukan Nikhil Chopra mai taken ''The Afterlife of Performance'' ; wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye wanda ke nuna littafin Benode Behari Mukherjee mafi daɗewa, sauran naɗe-naɗen hannunsa da wasu zane-zanen bango - ''Hotuna daga Santiniketan da Benodebehari's Handscrolls'' (2023) - wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Santiniketan]] tare da haɗin gwiwar Santiniketan Society of Visual Art and Design da Durbar Hall da ke [[Kochi]] tare da haɗin gwiwar Kerala Lalithakala Akademi ; Bikin Raza yana bikin rayuwa da ayyukan SH Raza tare da haɗin gwiwar Gidauniyar Raza ; da kuma wani baje kolin na tsawon shekaru 2, wanda aka nuna a matakai biyu, mai taken ''<nowiki/>'Yanci da Farkawa'' a Gidan Tarihi na Alipore da aka mayar da shi Gidan Tarihi. Ya kuma, a matsayin wani ɓangare na baje kolin kayan tarihi, ya shirya manyan sansanonin fasaha guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗa da fitattun mawaka masu hazaka daga jihar da kuma wasu wurare. A matsayinsa na Babban Jami'in Buga Littattafai na KCC, ya kuma kula da buga kasidodi da sauran wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyar a wannan lokacin. Siddharth kuma yana da sha'awar ba da ilimi ga matasa. Ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin malami a fannin dabarun kasuwanci a Tata Consultancy Services, Trivandrum a shekarar 2016, kuma malami ne mai ziyara a Sashen Fasaha na Fasaha a Jami'ar Shugabanci, Kolkata a zangon karatu na biyu a shekarar 2022. Siddharth, mai tunani mai kirkire-kirkire, yana da sha'awar kasuwanci wanda ya sa ya zama editan farko na ''Tinpahar'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us &#124; Tinpahar |url=http://www.tinpahar.com/we |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222153749/http://www.tinpahar.com/we |archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref> wani littafi na kan layi kan fasaha da al'adu, bugu 14 daga cikinsu ya gyara tsakanin 2012 da 2016. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Shagon Labule da Zane na Yellow Curtain (2018–2020). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8xlia991ufqyutrutcdfbc61h9fknkz 0 178857 965999 2026-10-10T22:37:55Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378351303|Shahid Siddiqui]]" 965999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahid Siddiqui''' tsohon memba ne na Rajya Sabha, Majalisar Dattawa ta Indiya, wanda ya wakilci jihar [[Uttar Pradesh]] daga 2002 zuwa 2008. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma babban editan Nai Duniya, wani littafi mai suna Urdu da ake bugawa a mako-mako daga New Delhi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nai Duniya |url=https://urdunaiduniya.com/ |access-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Siddiqui a shekarar 1951 a cikin dangin 'yan jarida da marubuta. Mahaifinsa, Maulana Abdul Waheed Siddiqui, ɗan jarida ne kuma jagora a fafutukar 'yancin Indiya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=Nai Duniya |url=https://www.akhbarurdu.com/naiduniya/about.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417110703/https://www.akhbarurdu.com/naiduniya/about.html |archive-date=2020-04-17 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Akhbar Urdu}}</ref> Shahid shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'yan uwansa. Babban ɗan'uwansa Ahmed Mustafa Siddiqui Rahi marubuci ne kuma editan jaridun Urdu da dama, ciki har da ''Nai Duniya'' . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sohail Siddiqui |first=Ahmed |date=2018-08-14 |title=Ahmad Mustafa Siddiqui Rahi – A tribute on his birthday 14th August |url=http://twocircles.net/2018aug14/425310.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111160357/http://twocircles.net/2018aug14/425310.html |archive-date=2018-11-11 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Two Circles]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Dan uwansa Khalid Mustafa Siddiqui shi ne editan Urdu digests Huma da Pakeeza Anchal da Mujallar Hindi Mahekta Anchal. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sohail Siddiqui |first=Ahmed |date=2018-07-06 |title=Khalid Mustafa Siddiqui Publisher, Editor, Owner of Popular Urdu Magazines no more |url=http://twocircles.net/2018jul06/424151.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922162800/http://twocircles.net/2018jul06/424151.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Two Circles]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya nuna sha'awar rubutu a harshen Urdu tun yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Shahid Siddiqui |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/shahid-siddiqui/ |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=HarperCollins Publishers India}}</ref> Ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Zakir Husain Delhi (wanda a lokacin ake kira ''Kwalejin Delhi'' ) kuma a shekarar 1971, shekara guda kacal da fara jami'a, ya fara karatun Urdu na tsawon makonni biyu mai taken ''Waqiat.'' Siddiqui ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ɗaliban Indiya a lokacin da yake jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Rajiv |date=2012-07-30 |title=Comrade Shahid Siddiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/true-lies/comrade-shahid-siddiqui/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123171639/https://cupdf.com/document/october-advance-information-catalog-from-harpercollins-india.html |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Times of India]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=October 2014 |title=The Golden Pigeon |url=https://cupdf.com/document/october-advance-information-catalog-from-harpercollins-india.html |journal=Advance Information Catalogue |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref> An rufe Waqiat a shekarar 1973 kuma Siddiqui ya sake farfaɗo da jaridar ''Nai Duniya'' ta yau da kullun a matsayin mujallar mako-mako a cikin wannan shekarar, yayin da har yanzu ɗalibin jami'a ne. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> Ya ci gaba da koyar da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Deshbandhu daga 1974 zuwa 1986. <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 1986, Siddiqui ya zama ɗan jarida na farko da aka kama a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka soke yanzu ta TADA. An daure shi na tsawon kwanaki 15 saboda buga wata hira da wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Khalistan Jagjit Singh Chohan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-02 |title='No regrets about interviewing Modi' |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/no-regrets-about-interviewing-modi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124092647/https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/no-regrets-about-interviewing-modi/ |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Siddiqui ya fara aikinsa na siyasa tare da Majalisar Dokokin Indiya kuma shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar tsiraru daga 1997–99. <ref name="SiddiquiBio">{{Cite web |title=Bio of Shahid Siddiqui |url=http://shahidsiddiqui.in/brief-bio/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422031738/http://shahidsiddiqui.in/brief-bio/ |archive-date=22 April 2012 |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Shahid Siddiqui}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga jam'iyyar Samajwadi kuma ya kasance Sakataren Janar na jam'iyyar daga 2002 zuwa 2008 kuma memba na Rajya Sabha har zuwa lokacin da ya bar jam'iyyar Samajwadi a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2008 ya kuma shiga babbar jam'iyyar adawa, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). An kore shi daga BSP a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2009 saboda yin magana a kan shugabanta, [[Mayawati]] . Ya shiga Rashtriya Lok Dal a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2010. Ya ambaci goyon bayansa ga shugaban jam'iyyar RLD, buƙatar Ajit Singh na ƙirƙirar jihar Harit Pradesh a matsayin dalilin shigarsa jam'iyyar RLD . Kafin zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na Uttar Pradesh na 2012, Siddiqui ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar RLD don nuna rashin amincewa da kawancen da ta yi da jam'iyyar Congress sannan ya koma jam'iyyar Samajwadi . === Korar daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi === An kore shi daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi a watan Yulin 2012 saboda yin hira da babban ministan Gujarat [[Narendra Modi]] kan rikicin da ya biyo bayan Godhra da ya ƙi jinin Musulmi, wanda ake zargin Modi da gaza shawo kansa a kan lokaci. A cikin wannan hirar, Modi ya ce "Ku rataye ni idan na yi laifi." Hirar da aka yi a shafin farko ta ƙunshi shafuka shida, kuma ta yi bayani kan batutuwa kamar halin da Musulmi ke ciki a Gujarat, tarzomar bayan Allahhra da sauran batutuwa masu mahimmanci. Siddiqui ya kira matakin da jam'iyyar Samajwadi ta dauka na kin amincewa da shi a matsayin wasa kawai, yana mai cewa "Na shiga jam'iyyar a gaban dukkan manyan shugabannin jam'iyyar Samajwadi, ciki har da Mulayam Singh Yadav . Don haka wannan barkwancin abin bakin ciki ne kwarai da gaske." An ruwaito a kafafen yada labarai cewa korarsa daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi ya fusata shugabannin Musulmi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e2yebulbp9fe65b87bkqdo98huq4hs2 966000 965999 2026-10-10T22:38:14Z Nnamadee 31123 966000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shahid Siddiqui''' tsohon memba ne na Rajya Sabha, Majalisar Dattawa ta Indiya, wanda ya wakilci jihar [[Uttar Pradesh]] daga 2002 zuwa 2008. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma babban editan Nai Duniya, wani littafi mai suna Urdu da ake bugawa a mako-mako daga New Delhi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nai Duniya |url=https://urdunaiduniya.com/ |access-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Siddiqui a shekarar 1951 a cikin dangin 'yan jarida da marubuta. Mahaifinsa, Maulana Abdul Waheed Siddiqui, ɗan jarida ne kuma jagora a fafutukar 'yancin Indiya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=Nai Duniya |url=https://www.akhbarurdu.com/naiduniya/about.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417110703/https://www.akhbarurdu.com/naiduniya/about.html |archive-date=2020-04-17 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Akhbar Urdu}}</ref> Shahid shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'yan uwansa. Babban ɗan'uwansa Ahmed Mustafa Siddiqui Rahi marubuci ne kuma editan jaridun Urdu da dama, ciki har da ''Nai Duniya'' . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sohail Siddiqui |first=Ahmed |date=2018-08-14 |title=Ahmad Mustafa Siddiqui Rahi – A tribute on his birthday 14th August |url=http://twocircles.net/2018aug14/425310.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111160357/http://twocircles.net/2018aug14/425310.html |archive-date=2018-11-11 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Two Circles]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Dan uwansa Khalid Mustafa Siddiqui shi ne editan Urdu digests Huma da Pakeeza Anchal da Mujallar Hindi Mahekta Anchal. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sohail Siddiqui |first=Ahmed |date=2018-07-06 |title=Khalid Mustafa Siddiqui Publisher, Editor, Owner of Popular Urdu Magazines no more |url=http://twocircles.net/2018jul06/424151.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922162800/http://twocircles.net/2018jul06/424151.html |archive-date=2018-09-22 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Two Circles]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya nuna sha'awar rubutu a harshen Urdu tun yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Shahid Siddiqui |url=https://harpercollins.co.in/author-details/shahid-siddiqui/ |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=HarperCollins Publishers India}}</ref> Ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Zakir Husain Delhi (wanda a lokacin ake kira ''Kwalejin Delhi'' ) kuma a shekarar 1971, shekara guda kacal da fara jami'a, ya fara karatun Urdu na tsawon makonni biyu mai taken ''Waqiat.'' Siddiqui ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar ɗaliban Indiya a lokacin da yake jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Rajiv |date=2012-07-30 |title=Comrade Shahid Siddiqui |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/true-lies/comrade-shahid-siddiqui/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123171639/https://cupdf.com/document/october-advance-information-catalog-from-harpercollins-india.html |archive-date=2022-01-23 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=[[Times of India]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=October 2014 |title=The Golden Pigeon |url=https://cupdf.com/document/october-advance-information-catalog-from-harpercollins-india.html |journal=Advance Information Catalogue |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}</ref> An rufe Waqiat a shekarar 1973 kuma Siddiqui ya sake farfaɗo da jaridar ''Nai Duniya'' ta yau da kullun a matsayin mujallar mako-mako a cikin wannan shekarar, yayin da har yanzu ɗalibin jami'a ne. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> Ya ci gaba da koyar da kimiyyar siyasa a Kwalejin Deshbandhu daga 1974 zuwa 1986. <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 1986, Siddiqui ya zama ɗan jarida na farko da aka kama a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka soke yanzu ta TADA. An daure shi na tsawon kwanaki 15 saboda buga wata hira da wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Khalistan Jagjit Singh Chohan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-02 |title='No regrets about interviewing Modi' |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/no-regrets-about-interviewing-modi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124092647/https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/no-regrets-about-interviewing-modi/ |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-23 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Siddiqui ya fara aikinsa na siyasa tare da Majalisar Dokokin Indiya kuma shi ne shugaban ƙungiyar tsiraru daga 1997–99. <ref name="SiddiquiBio">{{Cite web |title=Bio of Shahid Siddiqui |url=http://shahidsiddiqui.in/brief-bio/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422031738/http://shahidsiddiqui.in/brief-bio/ |archive-date=22 April 2012 |access-date=24 April 2012 |publisher=Shahid Siddiqui}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga jam'iyyar Samajwadi kuma ya kasance Sakataren Janar na jam'iyyar daga 2002 zuwa 2008 kuma memba na Rajya Sabha har zuwa lokacin da ya bar jam'iyyar Samajwadi a ranar 19 ga Yuli 2008 ya kuma shiga babbar jam'iyyar adawa, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP). An kore shi daga BSP a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2009 saboda yin magana a kan shugabanta, [[Mayawati]] . Ya shiga Rashtriya Lok Dal a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 2010. Ya ambaci goyon bayansa ga shugaban jam'iyyar RLD, buƙatar Ajit Singh na ƙirƙirar jihar Harit Pradesh a matsayin dalilin shigarsa jam'iyyar RLD . Kafin zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na Uttar Pradesh na 2012, Siddiqui ya yi murabus daga jam'iyyar RLD don nuna rashin amincewa da kawancen da ta yi da jam'iyyar Congress sannan ya koma jam'iyyar Samajwadi . === Korar daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi === An kore shi daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi a watan Yulin 2012 saboda yin hira da babban ministan Gujarat [[Narendra Modi]] kan rikicin da ya biyo bayan Godhra da ya ƙi jinin Musulmi, wanda ake zargin Modi da gaza shawo kansa a kan lokaci. A cikin wannan hirar, Modi ya ce "Ku rataye ni idan na yi laifi." Hirar da aka yi a shafin farko ta ƙunshi shafuka shida, kuma ta yi bayani kan batutuwa kamar halin da Musulmi ke ciki a Gujarat, tarzomar bayan Allahhra da sauran batutuwa masu mahimmanci. Siddiqui ya kira matakin da jam'iyyar Samajwadi ta dauka na kin amincewa da shi a matsayin wasa kawai, yana mai cewa "Na shiga jam'iyyar a gaban dukkan manyan shugabannin jam'iyyar Samajwadi, ciki har da Mulayam Singh Yadav . Don haka wannan barkwancin abin bakin ciki ne kwarai da gaske." An ruwaito a kafafen yada labarai cewa korarsa daga Jam'iyyar Samajwadi ya fusata shugabannin Musulmi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1n7ug0g8i6g6bikvmbfn3kd4gtc4ex1 0 178858 966002 2026-10-10T22:40:01Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379210319|Vinod Jose]]" 966002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vinod K. Jose''', ko kuma '''Vinod Kizhakkeparambil Joseph''', (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980) ɗan jarida ne, edita, kuma wanda ya kafa mujallu daga [[Indiya]] . <ref name="award">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2013 |title=Bloomberg News Team Wins Asia Society Osborn Elliott Prize for Excellence in Journalism on Asia |url=http://asiasociety.org/media/press-releases/bloomberg-news-team-wins-asia-society-osborn-elliott-prize-excellence-journalis |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Asia Society}}</ref> A shekarar 2009, Delhi Press ta ɗauki Jose aiki don sake ƙaddamar da taken kamfanin mai shekaru 70 mai ''suna The Caravan'', wanda aka daina amfani da shi a shekarar 1988. Shi ne babban editan jaridar ''The Caravan'' daga 2009 zuwa 2023, wadda ta kira kanta "mujallar aikin jarida mai ba da labari ta Indiya" kuma ana buga ta da harshen Turanci a New Delhi. <ref name="rollsout">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2010 |title=Delhi Press rolls out 'The Caravan' nation-wide |url=http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227545,delhi-press-rolls-out-8216the-caravan8217-nation-wide.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505041824/http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227545,delhi-press-rolls-out-8216the-caravan8217-nation-wide.aspx |archive-date=5 May 2016 |access-date=9 May 2013 |publisher=Campaign India}}</ref> A da, shi ne editan farko na jaridar ''Free Press da'' ke yaren Malayalam. Gudummawar da Jose ya bayar ga aikin jarida na Indiya ta shafi fannin labarai ko aikin jarida na adabi, kamar salon ''Granta'', ''The New Yorker'', ''The Atlantic'' da ''Mother Jones'' . <ref name="rollsout" /> Ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama na ƙasa da ƙasa saboda aikinsa. Tun bayan da ya bar The Caravan, Jose yana aiki a kan wani littafi mai bincike kan yadda ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki ke aiki a Indiya. Jose kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma darektan bikin adabi na Wayanad, bikin adabi na farko kuma mafi girma a Indiya wanda aka gudanar a yankunan karkara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} ‘I will be very disingenuous if I hold an event like media industry does’ {{!}} Journalist Vinod K Jose |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Dec/29/interview-i-will-be-very-disingenuous-if-i-hold-an-event-like-media-industry-does-journalist-vinod-k-jose |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> == Ilimi == Vinod Jose Ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin sadarwa daga Jami'ar Manipal a shekarar 2001. A shekarar 2008, ya kammala karatunsa da digirin MA daga Makarantar Koyon Aikin Jarida ta Columbia, Jami'ar Columbia, New York, inda ya kasance ɗan takarar Shugabancin Bollinger . <ref name="FPANY">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Scholarship Winners 2008 |url=http://www.nyforeignpress.org/?scholarship=scholarship-winners-2008 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Foreign Press Association of New York}}</ref> <ref name="greatstories">{{Cite web |title=100 Great Stories: 2011, The Struggle for India's Future |url=http://centennial.journalism.columbia.edu/2011-the-struggle-for-indias-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607094509/http://centennial.journalism.columbia.edu/2011-the-struggle-for-indias-future/ |archive-date=7 June 2013 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Columbia Journalism School}}</ref> An ba shi digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a shekarar 2012 daga Jamia Millia Islamia da ke New Delhi, Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of PhD Scholars Awarded in 2012 |url=https://jmi.ac.in/upload/EventDetail/annualconvocation2012_phd2012.pdf |type=PDF}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department Of Sociology - Jamia Millia Islamia |url=https://jmi.ac.in/ACADEMICS/Departments/Department-Of-Sociology/Research |website=jmi.ac.in}}</ref> Jose kuma ɗan Radcliffe Fellow ne a Jami'ar Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod K. Jose {{!}} Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/vinod-k-jose |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.radcliffe.harvard.edu}}</ref> == Sana'a == Vinod K. Jose ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a birnin tare da ''Indian Express'' a New Delhi a shekara ta 2001. <ref name="FPANY" /> Daga 2002 zuwa 2007, Vinod Jose ya yi aiki a Kudancin Asiya don hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo na jama'a kamar Pacifica Radio, NPR, Radio Australia da Asia Calling. <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Jose shi ne kuma editan kafa ''Free Press'', wata mujallar bincike mai dogon zango da aka buga tsakanin 2003 da 2006 a [[Malayalam|harshen Malayalam]] . <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Yana da shekaru 23, Jose ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin editocin kowace mujalla da aka yi wa rijista a Indiya lokacin da ya fara ''Free Press'' (Ofishin Magatakardar Jaridu na Indiya). <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa na aikin jarida a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Jarida ta Columbia, a shekarar 2009, babban mawallafin Indiya Delhi Press ya ɗauki Jose aiki don sake ƙaddamar da taken kamfanin mai shekaru 70 mai suna ''The Caravan'', wanda aka daina amfani da shi a shekarar 1988. <ref name="rollsout" /> Don kare aikin jarida mai labarai, Jaridar ''The Caravan'' ta tallata wani hangen nesa na dogon lokaci wanda ta ce wasu mujallu ba sa bayarwa. Jose ya gaya ''wa Hindu'' ,<blockquote>Mujallu ba sa iya cin gajiyar zagayowar kwanaki bakwai. Bayan kallon sakamako na tsawon sa'o'i 200 [a talabijin], labarai da nazarin zaɓen UP, me zan samu ta hanyar samun mujallu biyar a kan teburina a ƙarshen mako? Jagorancin editoci ba su iya magance wannan babbar matsala ba, kuma masu tallatawa za su iya ganinta. </blockquote> == Manyan ayyukan aikin jarida == An fara ba wa Vinod K. Jose kulawa ne saboda rahotannin da ya bayar game da waɗanda ake zargi da waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci a harin Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ta 2001 . A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, ya ba da labarin harin a ranar da aka kai harin, amma ya ce ba a buga labarinsa a shekarar 2001 ba saboda ya sami sabani da yawa. A shekara ta 2005, Jose, wanda a lokacin yake gyara ''Free Press'', an yi masa tambayoyi daga reshen Laifuka da ke New Delhi game da labaran da ya rubuta game da [[SAR Geelani]], wanda aka zarge shi kuma aka wanke shi daga laifin harin Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ta 2001. <ref name="FFP" /> A shekara ta 2006, wakilin Rediyon Pacifica Jose ya yi wata hira ta musamman da Mulakat Afzal Guru yayin da wanda aka yanke wa hukuncin ke jiran a kashe shi a cikin gidan yarin Tihar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Hashim |date=21 February 2013 |title=Afzal Guru's execution and questions thereof |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/21/afzal-guru-s-execution-and-questions-thereof-12.asp |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Greater Kashmir}}</ref> Daga baya a shekarar 2006, ya buga wani martani a madadin Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Masu Kare da Fursunoni, wadda ke neman afuwa ga Afzal Guru. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Nandita Haksar}}</ref> An sake buga hirarsa ta asali da Afzal sau da yawa tsakanin 2006 da 2013, an fassara shi zuwa harsuna 11 na kudancin Asiya da sauran harsunan Turai kamar Italiyanci, <ref name="FPANY" /> kuma an haɗa shi a cikin wani littafi da aka gyara game da harin. A yayin da yake bayar da rahotonsa ga ''Caravan'', Jose ya shigar da takardar neman "Haƙƙin Samun Bayanai" don bayyana kadarorin mallakar Kalanithi Maran na sirri, wanda daga ƙarshe Hukumar Ba da Bayani ta Tsakiya ta tallafa masa a shekarar 2012. Ɗan'uwan Maran tsohon Ministan Sadarwa ne Dayanidhi Maran, kuma Ma'aikatar Yaɗa Labarai da Watsa Labarai ta Indiya ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar har sai da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Amurka (CIC) ta soke shawarar. An ba da rahoton wannan batu sosai a lokacin, yana mai cewa shawarar CIC kan daukaka karar ta kasance abin tarihi ta hanyar kafa misali a Indiya wajen bude kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ga jama'a. A watan Satumba na 2012, ''jaridar Washington Post'' ta buga wani gyara da ya ce shugaban ofishinta na Indiya Simon Denyer bai samo bayanai biyu daga labarin Vinod K. Jose game da Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin ''The Caravan'' ba. Sanjaya Baru, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin watsa labarai na Singh, ya ce, "Simon Denyer ya yi magana da ni a cikin ''jaridar Washington Post'' ba tare da ya yi magana da ni ba. Ya sake maimaita abin da na gaya wa Caravan a bara." Denyer ya amsa cewa ya kasa bayar da cikakken bayani game da labarin Jose. A cewar FirstPost, batun ɗabi'a shine labarin Denyer ya bayyana cewa wakilan Singh sun gaya masa wani abu da ya faɗa wa Vinod K. Jose na ''The Caravan'' a shekarar 2011. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vinod Jose, Caravan ya zama babban ɗakin labarai na binciken 'yan jarida na Indiya. Mujallar ta fitar da zamba ta Gasar Commonwealth ta 2010 a Delhi; zamba ta raba kwal ta biliyan da yawa a 2011; wani bincike na shekaru 2 kan Swamy Aseemanand, firist ɗin Hindu wanda ya shirya hare-haren ta'addanci guda biyar a Indiya wanda ya kashe mutane 117; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swami Aseemanand’s radical service to the Sangh {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/believer |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> mutuwar da ba a san ko ta wanene ba ta Alkali Loya wanda a shari'ar kisan kai ya ƙi karɓar tayin cin hanci na dala miliyan 15 don wanke babban wanda ake zargi Amit Shah, wanda shi ne babban laftanar na Firayim Minista Narendra Modi na tsawon shekaru 30; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shocking details emerge in death of judge presiding over Sohrabuddin trial {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/shocking-details-emerge-in-death-of-judge-presiding-over-sohrabuddin-trial-family-breaks-silence |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> fa'idodin bashi da bankunan gwamnati suka bai wa ɗan Amit Shah; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Shah's electoral affidavit fails to disclose his liability for mortgages that secured dramatic increase in credit for son’s firm {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/amit-shah-jay-liability-election-affidavit-credit-kusum-finserve |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> ɗan Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tsaron Ƙasa Ajit Doval wanda ke gudanar da wani kamfani daga inda ake biyan haraji; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajit Doval’s sons run a web of companies including a Cayman Islands hedge fund even as father demands crackdown on tax havens {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/business/ajit-doval-sons-cayman-islands-hedge-fund-vivek-shaurya |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> lada da ta kai sama da Rs crore 1,800 ga shugabannin ƙasa na BJP, kwamitin tsakiya, da alkalai da masu fafutuka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Yeddy Diaries: Pages with IT note Rs 1,800 crore payoffs to BJP committee, national leaders, judges {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/yeddyurappa-diaries-bjp-1800-crore-payouts-jaitley-rajnath-gadkari-advani-crores |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> Tuhumar MeToo da aka yi wa Babban Alkalin Indiya, Ranjan Gogoi da sauransu. Binciken da aka yi kan cin hanci da rashawa a shari'a ya haifar da fara shari'ar farko da aka yi wa Babban Alkalin Indiya, Dipak Misra . A shekarar 2023, Vinod Jose ya sanar da barin The Caravan bayan ya jagoranci sashen labarai na tsawon shekaru 14. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod K Jose quits The Caravan after heading it for 14 years |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/vinod-k-jose-quits-caravan-after-heading-it-more-12-years-172702 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * [[iarchive:DocumentaryOnIndianMaoists_radioPacifica|Vinod K. Jose, "Maoist India: Neman Adalci Kan Tattalin Arziki," Pacifica Radio, 2006; Labaran Rediyon Magana Kyauta, 2009.]] (minti 29) An gabatar da shirin rediyo na Jose na 2006 game da 'yan tawayen Mao a matsayin "gabatarwa mai ƙarfi" shekaru uku bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2009 |title=Thursday: Two FSRN documentaries |url=http://www.wmnf.org/program_specials/459 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=WMNF}}</ref> * [https://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/falling-man Vinod K. Jose, "Mutumin da ke Faɗuwa: Manmohan Singh a tsakiyar guguwar," ''Mujallar Caravan'', 1 ga Oktoba 2011.] An zaɓi wannan labarin na 2011 game da Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh a cikin jerin "Manyan Labarai 100" daga malamai da alkalai daga labaran tsofaffin ɗalibai daga makarantar aikin jarida ta Jami'ar Columbia. <ref name="greatstories" /> An fassara labarin zuwa Faransanci kuma an sake buga shi a cikin ''Le Monde'' . Wani ɗan jarida daga ''jaridar The Washington Post'' ya gaza samun labarin Jose a shekarar 2012 kuma an soki shi da gazawa a ɗabi'a yayin da jaridar ta buga gyara. * [http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned?page=1,10 Vinod K. Jose, "The Emperor Uncrowned: The Rise of Narendra Modi," ''Mujallar Caravan'', 1 Maris 2012] Archived A cikin labarin, Jose ya bayar da hangen nesa na tarihi kan batunsa [[Narendra Modi]] : "Canjin hoton Modi ya samo asali ne daga wani kamfen na hulɗa da jama'a mai zurfi, amma kayan ado sun dogara ne akan tushe na nasara ta gaske." 'Yan jarida da dama sun saka wasu sassan labarin Vinod Jose, ciki har da amfani da Simon Denyer mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a cikin ''Jaridar Washington Post'' <ref name="WP" /> da kuma yadda Shoma Chaudhury ya yi amfani da shi a cikin wani bayanin martaba a Modi a cikin ''Mujallar Tehelka'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhury |first=Shoma |date=7 June 2012 |title=Firestarter |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne160612Coverstory.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425214502/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne160612Coverstory.asp |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=24 May 2013 |publisher=Tehelka Magazine}}</ref> Wani marubuci daga ''Wall Street Journal'' ya ba da shawarar wannan labarin kuma ya lura cewa, "Wannan labarin ya zo daidai da cika shekaru goma da rikicin addini da ya zubar da jini a jihar, wanda ya bar tabo marar gogewa a gadon babban minista." Ananya Vajpeyi, marubucin littafin ''Righteous Republic: The Political Foundations of Modern India'', ya kira bayanin Jose game da Modi "jarumtaka". ''Jaridar Guardian'' ta ɗauki bayanin Jose game da Modi a matsayin "labarin da aka yi bincike a kai", ''Le Monde'' ta kira shi "bayanin martaba mara sassauci", yayin da shafin yanar gizo ''na New York Times'' India ya kira shi "wanda ya cika". Wani marubuci daga News Laundry ya rubuta, "Babu shakka labarin Vinod K Jose ''Caravan'' ya fi cikakken bayani, mai ba da labari da kuma sauƙin karantawa fiye da labarin Wikipedia mai launi na Jyoti Thottam a ''Time'' ." == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2014, Vinod K. Jose ya lashe kyautar Ramnath Goenka saboda tarihin rayuwarsa a fim din Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh, mai taken "Falling Man". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-14 |title=Ramnath Goenka Awards: The Storytellers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ramnath-goenka-awards-the-storytellers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, ya lashe kyautar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Ƙasashen Waje daga Carl Bernstein, wadda ake bayarwa kowace shekara ga matasa 'yan jarida a Amurka saboda nasarar da suka samu a fannin ilimi da kuma sana'a. <ref name="FPANY" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hecht |first=Randy B. |title=Foreign Press Scholarship Fund Honors Award Recipients |url=http://www.nyforeignpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/NL2008-82.pdf |website=FPA news |publisher=oreign Press Association of New York |pages=1–2}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin editocin Vinod, The Caravan, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Louis M. Lyons mai daraja don lamiri da kuma daidaito a aikin jarida. Kyautar, wadda Jami'ar Harvard ta gudanar, ta ce an bayar da kyautar ne domin girmama "rahoton musamman kuma ba tare da wani jinkiri ba game da lalata haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci na zamantakewa, da dimokuradiyya a Indiya." " [ duba tsarin ambato ] Aikinsa "Kogi Mai Zurfi, Babban Dutsen", game da leƙen asiri da asarar plutonium a cikin Nanda Devi, an yaba shi da "ambato mai daraja" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Kurt Schork a cikin Jarida ta Duniya, Cibiyar Rahoton Yaƙi &amp;amp; Zaman Lafiya ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2011 |title=Winners of the 2011 Kurt Schork Awards in International Journalism |url=http://iwpr.net/raise-awareness/winners-2011-kurt-schork-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604184728/http://iwpr.net/raise-awareness/winners-2011-kurt-schork-awards |archive-date=4 June 2013 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Institute for War & Peace Reporting}}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo saboda kyakkyawan aikin bayar da rahoto daga ƙungiyar Asiya a shekarar 2013. <ref name="award" /> An lissafa labarai guda biyu daga Jose a cikin ambaton: "The Emperor Uncrowned: The Rise of [[Narendra Modi]] ," wanda ya shafi yadda Modi ya gyara sunansa tun zamanin [[2002 Gujarat riots|tashin hankalin Gujarat na 2002]] zuwa wani babban abin da ke ƙara wa [[Gujarat]], Indiya ƙarfi, da kuma "Akan Nasarar Ɗabi'a," wanda ke magana ne game da canjin dangantaka tsakanin hulɗa da jama'a da aikin jarida na gargajiya da kuma yuwuwar rawar da ɗabi'a ke takawa. <ref name="ethics">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2012 |title=On The Success of Ethics Can the Indian journalist and media proprietor survive this gilded age? |url=https://www.caravanmagazine.in/perspectives/success-ethics |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Caravan Magazine}}</ref> Wata mujallar ta tambaya ko da kuwa ɗabi'a ce ga ɗan jarida mai rubutu game da ɗabi'a, fara labarin ta hanyar ba da labarin yadda ya ji labarin hulɗar sirri da wakilin hulɗa da jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2013 |title=An Ethical Citation? |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2013/04/media-monocle-3/ |publisher=News Laundry}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ez3spohv0ipbg4edif4xldsj1ue1n6m 966003 966002 2026-10-10T22:40:27Z Nnamadee 31123 966003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Vinod K. Jose''', ko kuma '''Vinod Kizhakkeparambil Joseph''', (an haife shi a shekara ta 1980) ɗan jarida ne, edita, kuma wanda ya kafa mujallu daga [[Indiya]] . <ref name="award">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2013 |title=Bloomberg News Team Wins Asia Society Osborn Elliott Prize for Excellence in Journalism on Asia |url=http://asiasociety.org/media/press-releases/bloomberg-news-team-wins-asia-society-osborn-elliott-prize-excellence-journalis |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Asia Society}}</ref> A shekarar 2009, Delhi Press ta ɗauki Jose aiki don sake ƙaddamar da taken kamfanin mai shekaru 70 mai ''suna The Caravan'', wanda aka daina amfani da shi a shekarar 1988. Shi ne babban editan jaridar ''The Caravan'' daga 2009 zuwa 2023, wadda ta kira kanta "mujallar aikin jarida mai ba da labari ta Indiya" kuma ana buga ta da harshen Turanci a New Delhi. <ref name="rollsout">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2010 |title=Delhi Press rolls out 'The Caravan' nation-wide |url=http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227545,delhi-press-rolls-out-8216the-caravan8217-nation-wide.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505041824/http://www.campaignindia.in/Article/227545,delhi-press-rolls-out-8216the-caravan8217-nation-wide.aspx |archive-date=5 May 2016 |access-date=9 May 2013 |publisher=Campaign India}}</ref> A da, shi ne editan farko na jaridar ''Free Press da'' ke yaren Malayalam. Gudummawar da Jose ya bayar ga aikin jarida na Indiya ta shafi fannin labarai ko aikin jarida na adabi, kamar salon ''Granta'', ''The New Yorker'', ''The Atlantic'' da ''Mother Jones'' . <ref name="rollsout" /> Ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama na ƙasa da ƙasa saboda aikinsa. Tun bayan da ya bar The Caravan, Jose yana aiki a kan wani littafi mai bincike kan yadda ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki ke aiki a Indiya. Jose kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma darektan bikin adabi na Wayanad, bikin adabi na farko kuma mafi girma a Indiya wanda aka gudanar a yankunan karkara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERVIEW {{!}} ‘I will be very disingenuous if I hold an event like media industry does’ {{!}} Journalist Vinod K Jose |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Dec/29/interview-i-will-be-very-disingenuous-if-i-hold-an-event-like-media-industry-does-journalist-vinod-k-jose |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> == Ilimi == Vinod Jose Ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin sadarwa daga Jami'ar Manipal a shekarar 2001. A shekarar 2008, ya kammala karatunsa da digirin MA daga Makarantar Koyon Aikin Jarida ta Columbia, Jami'ar Columbia, New York, inda ya kasance ɗan takarar Shugabancin Bollinger . <ref name="FPANY">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Scholarship Winners 2008 |url=http://www.nyforeignpress.org/?scholarship=scholarship-winners-2008 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Foreign Press Association of New York}}</ref> <ref name="greatstories">{{Cite web |title=100 Great Stories: 2011, The Struggle for India's Future |url=http://centennial.journalism.columbia.edu/2011-the-struggle-for-indias-future/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607094509/http://centennial.journalism.columbia.edu/2011-the-struggle-for-indias-future/ |archive-date=7 June 2013 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Columbia Journalism School}}</ref> An ba shi digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a shekarar 2012 daga Jamia Millia Islamia da ke New Delhi, Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of PhD Scholars Awarded in 2012 |url=https://jmi.ac.in/upload/EventDetail/annualconvocation2012_phd2012.pdf |type=PDF}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department Of Sociology - Jamia Millia Islamia |url=https://jmi.ac.in/ACADEMICS/Departments/Department-Of-Sociology/Research |website=jmi.ac.in}}</ref> Jose kuma ɗan Radcliffe Fellow ne a Jami'ar Harvard. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod K. Jose {{!}} Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University |url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/vinod-k-jose |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.radcliffe.harvard.edu}}</ref> == Sana'a == Vinod K. Jose ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto a birnin tare da ''Indian Express'' a New Delhi a shekara ta 2001. <ref name="FPANY" /> Daga 2002 zuwa 2007, Vinod Jose ya yi aiki a Kudancin Asiya don hanyoyin sadarwa na rediyo na jama'a kamar Pacifica Radio, NPR, Radio Australia da Asia Calling. <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Jose shi ne kuma editan kafa ''Free Press'', wata mujallar bincike mai dogon zango da aka buga tsakanin 2003 da 2006 a [[Malayalam|harshen Malayalam]] . <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Yana da shekaru 23, Jose ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin editocin kowace mujalla da aka yi wa rijista a Indiya lokacin da ya fara ''Free Press'' (Ofishin Magatakardar Jaridu na Indiya). <ref name="FFP" /> <ref name="FPANY" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa na aikin jarida a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Jarida ta Columbia, a shekarar 2009, babban mawallafin Indiya Delhi Press ya ɗauki Jose aiki don sake ƙaddamar da taken kamfanin mai shekaru 70 mai suna ''The Caravan'', wanda aka daina amfani da shi a shekarar 1988. <ref name="rollsout" /> Don kare aikin jarida mai labarai, Jaridar ''The Caravan'' ta tallata wani hangen nesa na dogon lokaci wanda ta ce wasu mujallu ba sa bayarwa. Jose ya gaya ''wa Hindu'' ,<blockquote>Mujallu ba sa iya cin gajiyar zagayowar kwanaki bakwai. Bayan kallon sakamako na tsawon sa'o'i 200 [a talabijin], labarai da nazarin zaɓen UP, me zan samu ta hanyar samun mujallu biyar a kan teburina a ƙarshen mako? Jagorancin editoci ba su iya magance wannan babbar matsala ba, kuma masu tallatawa za su iya ganinta. </blockquote> == Manyan ayyukan aikin jarida == An fara ba wa Vinod K. Jose kulawa ne saboda rahotannin da ya bayar game da waɗanda ake zargi da waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci a harin Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ta 2001 . A matsayinsa na ɗan jarida, ya ba da labarin harin a ranar da aka kai harin, amma ya ce ba a buga labarinsa a shekarar 2001 ba saboda ya sami sabani da yawa. A shekara ta 2005, Jose, wanda a lokacin yake gyara ''Free Press'', an yi masa tambayoyi daga reshen Laifuka da ke New Delhi game da labaran da ya rubuta game da [[SAR Geelani]], wanda aka zarge shi kuma aka wanke shi daga laifin harin Majalisar Dokokin Indiya ta 2001. <ref name="FFP" /> A shekara ta 2006, wakilin Rediyon Pacifica Jose ya yi wata hira ta musamman da Mulakat Afzal Guru yayin da wanda aka yanke wa hukuncin ke jiran a kashe shi a cikin gidan yarin Tihar . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Hashim |date=21 February 2013 |title=Afzal Guru's execution and questions thereof |url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/21/afzal-guru-s-execution-and-questions-thereof-12.asp |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=Greater Kashmir}}</ref> Daga baya a shekarar 2006, ya buga wani martani a madadin Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Masu Kare da Fursunoni, wadda ke neman afuwa ga Afzal Guru. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Nandita Haksar}}</ref> An sake buga hirarsa ta asali da Afzal sau da yawa tsakanin 2006 da 2013, an fassara shi zuwa harsuna 11 na kudancin Asiya da sauran harsunan Turai kamar Italiyanci, <ref name="FPANY" /> kuma an haɗa shi a cikin wani littafi da aka gyara game da harin. A yayin da yake bayar da rahotonsa ga ''Caravan'', Jose ya shigar da takardar neman "Haƙƙin Samun Bayanai" don bayyana kadarorin mallakar Kalanithi Maran na sirri, wanda daga ƙarshe Hukumar Ba da Bayani ta Tsakiya ta tallafa masa a shekarar 2012. Ɗan'uwan Maran tsohon Ministan Sadarwa ne Dayanidhi Maran, kuma Ma'aikatar Yaɗa Labarai da Watsa Labarai ta Indiya ta ƙi amincewa da buƙatar har sai da Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Amurka (CIC) ta soke shawarar. An ba da rahoton wannan batu sosai a lokacin, yana mai cewa shawarar CIC kan daukaka karar ta kasance abin tarihi ta hanyar kafa misali a Indiya wajen bude kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ga jama'a. A watan Satumba na 2012, ''jaridar Washington Post'' ta buga wani gyara da ya ce shugaban ofishinta na Indiya Simon Denyer bai samo bayanai biyu daga labarin Vinod K. Jose game da Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin ''The Caravan'' ba. Sanjaya Baru, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin watsa labarai na Singh, ya ce, "Simon Denyer ya yi magana da ni a cikin ''jaridar Washington Post'' ba tare da ya yi magana da ni ba. Ya sake maimaita abin da na gaya wa Caravan a bara." Denyer ya amsa cewa ya kasa bayar da cikakken bayani game da labarin Jose. A cewar FirstPost, batun ɗabi'a shine labarin Denyer ya bayyana cewa wakilan Singh sun gaya masa wani abu da ya faɗa wa Vinod K. Jose na ''The Caravan'' a shekarar 2011. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vinod Jose, Caravan ya zama babban ɗakin labarai na binciken 'yan jarida na Indiya. Mujallar ta fitar da zamba ta Gasar Commonwealth ta 2010 a Delhi; zamba ta raba kwal ta biliyan da yawa a 2011; wani bincike na shekaru 2 kan Swamy Aseemanand, firist ɗin Hindu wanda ya shirya hare-haren ta'addanci guda biyar a Indiya wanda ya kashe mutane 117; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swami Aseemanand’s radical service to the Sangh {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/believer |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> mutuwar da ba a san ko ta wanene ba ta Alkali Loya wanda a shari'ar kisan kai ya ƙi karɓar tayin cin hanci na dala miliyan 15 don wanke babban wanda ake zargi Amit Shah, wanda shi ne babban laftanar na Firayim Minista Narendra Modi na tsawon shekaru 30; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shocking details emerge in death of judge presiding over Sohrabuddin trial {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/shocking-details-emerge-in-death-of-judge-presiding-over-sohrabuddin-trial-family-breaks-silence |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> fa'idodin bashi da bankunan gwamnati suka bai wa ɗan Amit Shah; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amit Shah's electoral affidavit fails to disclose his liability for mortgages that secured dramatic increase in credit for son’s firm {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/amit-shah-jay-liability-election-affidavit-credit-kusum-finserve |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> ɗan Mai Ba da Shawara kan Tsaron Ƙasa Ajit Doval wanda ke gudanar da wani kamfani daga inda ake biyan haraji; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajit Doval’s sons run a web of companies including a Cayman Islands hedge fund even as father demands crackdown on tax havens {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/business/ajit-doval-sons-cayman-islands-hedge-fund-vivek-shaurya |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> lada da ta kai sama da Rs crore 1,800 ga shugabannin ƙasa na BJP, kwamitin tsakiya, da alkalai da masu fafutuka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Yeddy Diaries: Pages with IT note Rs 1,800 crore payoffs to BJP committee, national leaders, judges {{!}} The Caravan |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/politics/yeddyurappa-diaries-bjp-1800-crore-payouts-jaitley-rajnath-gadkari-advani-crores |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=caravanmagazine.in}}</ref> Tuhumar MeToo da aka yi wa Babban Alkalin Indiya, Ranjan Gogoi da sauransu. Binciken da aka yi kan cin hanci da rashawa a shari'a ya haifar da fara shari'ar farko da aka yi wa Babban Alkalin Indiya, Dipak Misra . A shekarar 2023, Vinod Jose ya sanar da barin The Caravan bayan ya jagoranci sashen labarai na tsawon shekaru 14. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vinod K Jose quits The Caravan after heading it for 14 years |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/vinod-k-jose-quits-caravan-after-heading-it-more-12-years-172702 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.thenewsminute.com}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * [[iarchive:DocumentaryOnIndianMaoists_radioPacifica|Vinod K. Jose, "Maoist India: Neman Adalci Kan Tattalin Arziki," Pacifica Radio, 2006; Labaran Rediyon Magana Kyauta, 2009.]] (minti 29) An gabatar da shirin rediyo na Jose na 2006 game da 'yan tawayen Mao a matsayin "gabatarwa mai ƙarfi" shekaru uku bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2009 |title=Thursday: Two FSRN documentaries |url=http://www.wmnf.org/program_specials/459 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=WMNF}}</ref> * [https://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/falling-man Vinod K. Jose, "Mutumin da ke Faɗuwa: Manmohan Singh a tsakiyar guguwar," ''Mujallar Caravan'', 1 ga Oktoba 2011.] An zaɓi wannan labarin na 2011 game da Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh a cikin jerin "Manyan Labarai 100" daga malamai da alkalai daga labaran tsofaffin ɗalibai daga makarantar aikin jarida ta Jami'ar Columbia. <ref name="greatstories" /> An fassara labarin zuwa Faransanci kuma an sake buga shi a cikin ''Le Monde'' . Wani ɗan jarida daga ''jaridar The Washington Post'' ya gaza samun labarin Jose a shekarar 2012 kuma an soki shi da gazawa a ɗabi'a yayin da jaridar ta buga gyara. * [http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned?page=1,10 Vinod K. Jose, "The Emperor Uncrowned: The Rise of Narendra Modi," ''Mujallar Caravan'', 1 Maris 2012] Archived A cikin labarin, Jose ya bayar da hangen nesa na tarihi kan batunsa [[Narendra Modi]] : "Canjin hoton Modi ya samo asali ne daga wani kamfen na hulɗa da jama'a mai zurfi, amma kayan ado sun dogara ne akan tushe na nasara ta gaske." 'Yan jarida da dama sun saka wasu sassan labarin Vinod Jose, ciki har da amfani da Simon Denyer mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a cikin ''Jaridar Washington Post'' <ref name="WP" /> da kuma yadda Shoma Chaudhury ya yi amfani da shi a cikin wani bayanin martaba a Modi a cikin ''Mujallar Tehelka'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhury |first=Shoma |date=7 June 2012 |title=Firestarter |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne160612Coverstory.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425214502/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne160612Coverstory.asp |archive-date=25 April 2013 |access-date=24 May 2013 |publisher=Tehelka Magazine}}</ref> Wani marubuci daga ''Wall Street Journal'' ya ba da shawarar wannan labarin kuma ya lura cewa, "Wannan labarin ya zo daidai da cika shekaru goma da rikicin addini da ya zubar da jini a jihar, wanda ya bar tabo marar gogewa a gadon babban minista." Ananya Vajpeyi, marubucin littafin ''Righteous Republic: The Political Foundations of Modern India'', ya kira bayanin Jose game da Modi "jarumtaka". ''Jaridar Guardian'' ta ɗauki bayanin Jose game da Modi a matsayin "labarin da aka yi bincike a kai", ''Le Monde'' ta kira shi "bayanin martaba mara sassauci", yayin da shafin yanar gizo ''na New York Times'' India ya kira shi "wanda ya cika". Wani marubuci daga News Laundry ya rubuta, "Babu shakka labarin Vinod K Jose ''Caravan'' ya fi cikakken bayani, mai ba da labari da kuma sauƙin karantawa fiye da labarin Wikipedia mai launi na Jyoti Thottam a ''Time'' ." == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2014, Vinod K. Jose ya lashe kyautar Ramnath Goenka saboda tarihin rayuwarsa a fim din Firayim Minista Manmohan Singh, mai taken "Falling Man". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-14 |title=Ramnath Goenka Awards: The Storytellers |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ramnath-goenka-awards-the-storytellers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, ya lashe kyautar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Ƙasashen Waje daga Carl Bernstein, wadda ake bayarwa kowace shekara ga matasa 'yan jarida a Amurka saboda nasarar da suka samu a fannin ilimi da kuma sana'a. <ref name="FPANY" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hecht |first=Randy B. |title=Foreign Press Scholarship Fund Honors Award Recipients |url=http://www.nyforeignpress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/NL2008-82.pdf |website=FPA news |publisher=oreign Press Association of New York |pages=1–2}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin editocin Vinod, The Caravan, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Louis M. Lyons mai daraja don lamiri da kuma daidaito a aikin jarida. Kyautar, wadda Jami'ar Harvard ta gudanar, ta ce an bayar da kyautar ne domin girmama "rahoton musamman kuma ba tare da wani jinkiri ba game da lalata haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci na zamantakewa, da dimokuradiyya a Indiya." " [ duba tsarin ambato ] Aikinsa "Kogi Mai Zurfi, Babban Dutsen", game da leƙen asiri da asarar plutonium a cikin Nanda Devi, an yaba shi da "ambato mai daraja" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Kurt Schork a cikin Jarida ta Duniya, Cibiyar Rahoton Yaƙi &amp;amp; Zaman Lafiya ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2011 |title=Winners of the 2011 Kurt Schork Awards in International Journalism |url=http://iwpr.net/raise-awareness/winners-2011-kurt-schork-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604184728/http://iwpr.net/raise-awareness/winners-2011-kurt-schork-awards |archive-date=4 June 2013 |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Institute for War & Peace Reporting}}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo saboda kyakkyawan aikin bayar da rahoto daga ƙungiyar Asiya a shekarar 2013. <ref name="award" /> An lissafa labarai guda biyu daga Jose a cikin ambaton: "The Emperor Uncrowned: The Rise of [[Narendra Modi]] ," wanda ya shafi yadda Modi ya gyara sunansa tun zamanin [[2002 Gujarat riots|tashin hankalin Gujarat na 2002]] zuwa wani babban abin da ke ƙara wa [[Gujarat]], Indiya ƙarfi, da kuma "Akan Nasarar Ɗabi'a," wanda ke magana ne game da canjin dangantaka tsakanin hulɗa da jama'a da aikin jarida na gargajiya da kuma yuwuwar rawar da ɗabi'a ke takawa. <ref name="ethics">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2012 |title=On The Success of Ethics Can the Indian journalist and media proprietor survive this gilded age? |url=https://www.caravanmagazine.in/perspectives/success-ethics |access-date=20 May 2013 |publisher=Caravan Magazine}}</ref> Wata mujallar ta tambaya ko da kuwa ɗabi'a ce ga ɗan jarida mai rubutu game da ɗabi'a, fara labarin ta hanyar ba da labarin yadda ya ji labarin hulɗar sirri da wakilin hulɗa da jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2013 |title=An Ethical Citation? |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2013/04/media-monocle-3/ |publisher=News Laundry}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hk6vo6vnvz4rfthcby6inbyuuvcbl5b 0 178859 966004 2026-10-10T22:43:38Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372413951|Suresh Joshi]]" 966004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suresh Hariprasad Joshi''' (30 ga Mayu 1921 - 6 ga Satumba 1986) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Indiya, marubuciya mai gajerun labarai, mai sukar adabi, mawaƙi, mai fassara, edita kuma mai ilimi a [[Gujarati|harshen Gujarati]]. Tare da aikinsa na koyarwa, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zamani a fannin adabin Gujarati. Ya kasance marubuci mai hazaka kuma ya sauya fannin sukar adabi. == Rayuwa ==   [[File:Department_of_Gujarati_at_M_S_University.jpg|thumb| Gina Sashen Gujarati, Jami'ar MS]] An haife shi a Valod, wani ƙaramin gari kusa da Bardoli a Kudancin Gujarat a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1921. Ya yi karatunsa daga Songadh da Gangadhara. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Navsari a shekarar 1938. Ya kammala karatunsa na BA a shekarar 1943 sannan ya kammala karatunsa na MA a Kwalejin Elphinstone a shekarar 1945. A wannan shekarar, ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin DJ Singh da ke [[Karachi]] sannan daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Sardar Patel da ke Vallabh Vidyanagar a shekarar 1947. Daga shekarar 1951, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, farfesa sannan daga baya ya zama Shugaban Sashen Gujarati a Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda, Vadodara har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1981. <ref name="gsp">{{Cite web |title=સુરેશ જોષી (Suresh Joshi) |url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Suresh-Joshi.html |access-date=2016-01-01 |website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]}}</ref> <ref name="Panchal2004">{{Cite book|last3=Shirish Panchal}}</ref> Rayuwarsa ta farko ta yi a Songadh wanda hakan ya yi tasiri a rayuwarsa. Yana da shekaru takwas, ya buga waƙarsa a ɓoye a cikin mujallar ''Baljeevan'' . Ya gyara mujallar ''Falguni'' a rayuwarsa ta jami'a. ''Upjati'' (1956) shine littafinsa na farko da aka buga. Ya kuma shirya mujallu ''Manisha'', ''Kshitij'', ''Etad'' da ''Uhapoh'' . <ref name="gsp" /> <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl">Mohan, Sarala Jag, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&dq=Urdu+poets&pg=PA100 Chapter 4: "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature"] (Google books link), in Natarajan, Nalini, and Emanuel Sampath Nelson, editors, ''Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-313-28778-7}}, retrieved 10 December 2008</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1986 saboda matsalar koda a Nadiad . <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="gsp" /> == Salo == [[File:Suresh_Joshi_at_the_age_of_45.jpg|thumb| Joshi yana da shekaru 45, Vadodara]] Joshi ya yi tasiri ga marubuta da dama masu tasowa a shekarun 1960 da 1970. An ce rubuce-rubucensa na kashin kansu "sun gabatar da sabon salon rubutun kalmomi a cikin adabin Gujarati ," a cewar masanin ilmin Gujarati Sarala Jag Mohan. <ref name="sm20cgl" /> <ref name="Panchal2004" /> Ya sami tasiri daga ƙoƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin adabin ƙasashen yamma. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan waƙoƙin gwaji a Gujarati, musamman ta hanyar sukar adabi, maimakon waƙoƙinsa. A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, tsari, dabara da tsari sun zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin waƙoƙin Gujarati. An ƙara girmama azabar da ke tattare da ƙwarewar ɗaiɗaikun mutane da ta adabi, amma fahimta, waƙoƙi da kuma waƙa ba a daraja su sosai ba, haka nan kuma damuwar zamantakewa ta marubucin da ma abubuwan da ke cikin aikin, a cewar Deepak B. Mehta. <ref name="mil">George, K. M., editor, ''Modern Indian Literature: An Anthology'', published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, {{ISBN|978-81-7201-324-0}}, Chapter: [https://books.google.com/books?id=vfSPI2irzUgC&pg=PA100 "Modern Gujarati Literature"] by Deepak B. Mehta</ref> [[Imanin wanzuwa|Kasancewar wanzuwa]] da yanayin halittu sune manyan abubuwan da yake sha'awa. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> == Ayyuka == Suresh Joshi marubuci ne na zamani wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zamani a cikin adabin Gujarati wanda ya fito bayan 1955, zamanin bayan Ghandhi. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> An san shi a matsayin uban adabin zamani na Gujarati kuma a matsayin shugaban marubutan avant-garde a Gujarati. A cewar mai sukar Gujarati Bharat Mehta, lokacin adabin Gujarati daga 1975 zuwa 2000 Suresh Joshi ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa. ''Upjati'' (1956), ''Pratyancha'' (1961), ''Itara'' (1973) da ''Tathapi'' (1980) tarin waqoqinsa ne. Ya janye littafinsa na farko ''Upjati'' a cikin littafinsa na biyu. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> Ta hanyar wakokinsa, ya gabatar da rashin fahimta da rashin tabbas ga adabin Gujarati. <ref name="Tripathi 2018">{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Salil |date=2018-02-16 |title=A new generation of poets from Gujarat is keeping a rich poetic legacy alive |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/WxQCScWHU7AACzKudTj58I/A-new-generation-of-poets-from-Gujarat-is-keeping-a-rich-poe.html |access-date=2018-02-16 |website=[[LiveMint]]}}</ref> An buga littattafansa guda huɗu gaba ɗaya a matsayin ''Kathachatushtay'' . An riga an buga biyu daga cikinsu, ''Chhinnapatra'' (1965) da ''Maranottar'' (1973) a baya. An buga ''Vidula'' da ''Kathachakra'' a baya tare da wasu gajerun labarai amma Joshi ya ɗauke su a matsayin littattafai kuma ya sake bugawa tare da wasu biyun. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> Tridip Suhrud ya fassara ''Chhinnapatra'' zuwa Turanci a matsayin ''haruffan Crumpled'' (1998). Ya yi gwaji sosai a cikin littattafan novellas . Ya sauya salon adabin Gujarati ta hanyar ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje da kuma kyawunsa. ''Grihapravesh'' (1957), ''Biji Thodik Vartao'' (1958), ''Apich'' (1965), ''Na Tatra Suryo Bhati'' (1967), ''Ekda Naimisharanye'' (1980) tarin labaransa ne da suka hada da litattafai 62. An tattara labaransa guda 21 a cikin ''Maniti Anmaniti'' (1982), wanda Shirish Panchal ya shirya. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> Ya haɓaka ka'idar almara da aka sani da ''Ghatanavilop'' wadda ke mai da hankali kan yuwuwar harshe mai ban sha'awa maimakon ɓangaren labari a cikin almara. ''Janantike'' (1965) shine tarin kasidunsa na farko. Sauran tarin rubutunsa sune ''Idam Sarvam'' (1971), ''Ahobat Kim Ashcharyam'' (1975), ''Iti Me Iti'' (1987). ''Bhavyami'' (1984) ya haɗa da zaɓaɓɓun kasidu da Shirish Panchal ya shirya daga cikin kasidunsa sama da dubu. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> VY Kantak ya fassara ''Janantike'' zuwa Turanci a matsayin ''Intimate Asides'' (1995). <ref name="Navgujarat Samay 2014">{{Cite web |date=2014-05-24 |title='માનવીની ભવાઈ'નો સુંદર અંગ્રેજી અનુવાદ -Navgujarat Samay |url=http://navgujaratsamay.indiatimes.com/navgujarat-samay-supplementaries-gujarati-columnist/kadar-ane-kitab/articleshow/35558013.cms |access-date=2017-09-06 |website=Navgujarat Samay |language=gu}}</ref> Ya kasance mai kawo sauyi a fannin sukar adabi. Aikinsa na farko na suka ''Kinchit'' (1960) ya yi tawaye ga ƙa'idodi da aka kafa. ''Gujarati Kavitano Aswad'' (1962), ''Kavyacharcha'' (1971), ''Kathopkathan'', ''Shrunavantu'' (1972), ''Arunyarudan'' (1976), ''Chintayami Manasa'' (1983), ''Ashtamoahyay'' (1984) su ne sauran tarin zargi. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> ''Madhyakalin Gyanmargi Kavyadharani Bhumika'' (1978) aikin bincike ne. ''Jananti Ye Kimapi'' (1984) tarin kasidu shida ne da ya gyara waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan sabbin motsi a fannin sukar adabi. Ya gyara wasu litattafai; ''Navonmesh'' (1971), ''Narharini Gyangeeta'' (1978), ''Gujarati Sarjanatmak Gadya: Ek Sankalan'' (1981), ''Vastana Pado'' (1983). ''Parakiya'' (1975) tarin fassarar waƙoƙin duniya masu kyau ne. ''Dhire Vahe Chhe Don'' Juzu'i na I (1960) da ''Bhonytaliano Adami'' (1967) fassarorin litattafan Rasha ne. ''Shikari Bandook ane Hajar Saraso'' (1975) fassarar labaran Jafananci ne. ''Amriki Tunki Varta'' (1967) fassarar littafin ''The Short Story in America'' ne na Raymond B. West . Fassarar littafin ''Americana Sahityano Itihas'' (1965) ta Marcus Cunliffe . Ya fassara muƙalolin Rabindranath Tagore a cikin ''Panchamrut'' (1949) da ''Sanchay'' (1963). <ref name="Panchal2004" /> == Kyaututtuka == An ba shi Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak a cikin 1971. Ya ƙi karɓar kyautar Sahitya Akademi Award a shekarar 1983 wadda aka ba shi saboda ''Chintayami Manasa'' . Ya ce, "Littafin bai ƙunshi komai ba face wani rubutu da ya ɓace. Labarai ne kawai masu suka waɗanda suka dogara da sukar Turai da Amurka, kuma ba su nuna tunaninsa na asali ba". <ref name="Panchal2004" /> An ba shi lambar yabo ta Narmad Suvarna Chandrak don ''Janantike'' a cikin 1965. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d4kqu5xjaikqigyn1yysgnrnsvm2dnw 966005 966004 2026-10-10T22:44:02Z Nnamadee 31123 966005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Suresh Hariprasad Joshi''' (30 ga Mayu 1921 - 6 ga Satumba 1986) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Indiya, marubuciya mai gajerun labarai, mai sukar adabi, mawaƙi, mai fassara, edita kuma mai ilimi a [[Gujarati|harshen Gujarati]]. Tare da aikinsa na koyarwa, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zamani a fannin adabin Gujarati. Ya kasance marubuci mai hazaka kuma ya sauya fannin sukar adabi. == Rayuwa ==   [[File:Department_of_Gujarati_at_M_S_University.jpg|thumb| Gina Sashen Gujarati, Jami'ar MS]] An haife shi a Valod, wani ƙaramin gari kusa da Bardoli a Kudancin Gujarat a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1921. Ya yi karatunsa daga Songadh da Gangadhara. Ya kammala karatunsa daga Navsari a shekarar 1938. Ya kammala karatunsa na BA a shekarar 1943 sannan ya kammala karatunsa na MA a Kwalejin Elphinstone a shekarar 1945. A wannan shekarar, ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin DJ Singh da ke [[Karachi]] sannan daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Sardar Patel da ke Vallabh Vidyanagar a shekarar 1947. Daga shekarar 1951, ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, farfesa sannan daga baya ya zama Shugaban Sashen Gujarati a Jami'ar Maharaja Sayajirao ta Baroda, Vadodara har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1981. <ref name="gsp">{{Cite web |title=સુરેશ જોષી (Suresh Joshi) |url=http://gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Suresh-Joshi.html |access-date=2016-01-01 |website=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]}}</ref> <ref name="Panchal2004">{{Cite book|last3=Shirish Panchal}}</ref> Rayuwarsa ta farko ta yi a Songadh wanda hakan ya yi tasiri a rayuwarsa. Yana da shekaru takwas, ya buga waƙarsa a ɓoye a cikin mujallar ''Baljeevan'' . Ya gyara mujallar ''Falguni'' a rayuwarsa ta jami'a. ''Upjati'' (1956) shine littafinsa na farko da aka buga. Ya kuma shirya mujallu ''Manisha'', ''Kshitij'', ''Etad'' da ''Uhapoh'' . <ref name="gsp" /> <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl">Mohan, Sarala Jag, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTnv6o-d_oC&dq=Urdu+poets&pg=PA100 Chapter 4: "Twentieth-Century Gujarati Literature"] (Google books link), in Natarajan, Nalini, and Emanuel Sampath Nelson, editors, ''Handbook of Twentieth-century Literatures of India'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-313-28778-7}}, retrieved 10 December 2008</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1986 saboda matsalar koda a Nadiad . <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="gsp" /> == Salo == [[File:Suresh_Joshi_at_the_age_of_45.jpg|thumb| Joshi yana da shekaru 45, Vadodara]] Joshi ya yi tasiri ga marubuta da dama masu tasowa a shekarun 1960 da 1970. An ce rubuce-rubucensa na kashin kansu "sun gabatar da sabon salon rubutun kalmomi a cikin adabin Gujarati ," a cewar masanin ilmin Gujarati Sarala Jag Mohan. <ref name="sm20cgl" /> <ref name="Panchal2004" /> Ya sami tasiri daga ƙoƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin adabin ƙasashen yamma. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu goyon bayan waƙoƙin gwaji a Gujarati, musamman ta hanyar sukar adabi, maimakon waƙoƙinsa. A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, tsari, dabara da tsari sun zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin waƙoƙin Gujarati. An ƙara girmama azabar da ke tattare da ƙwarewar ɗaiɗaikun mutane da ta adabi, amma fahimta, waƙoƙi da kuma waƙa ba a daraja su sosai ba, haka nan kuma damuwar zamantakewa ta marubucin da ma abubuwan da ke cikin aikin, a cewar Deepak B. Mehta. <ref name="mil">George, K. M., editor, ''Modern Indian Literature: An Anthology'', published by Sahitya Akademi, 1992, {{ISBN|978-81-7201-324-0}}, Chapter: [https://books.google.com/books?id=vfSPI2irzUgC&pg=PA100 "Modern Gujarati Literature"] by Deepak B. Mehta</ref> [[Imanin wanzuwa|Kasancewar wanzuwa]] da yanayin halittu sune manyan abubuwan da yake sha'awa. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> == Ayyuka == Suresh Joshi marubuci ne na zamani wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zamani a cikin adabin Gujarati wanda ya fito bayan 1955, zamanin bayan Ghandhi. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> An san shi a matsayin uban adabin zamani na Gujarati kuma a matsayin shugaban marubutan avant-garde a Gujarati. A cewar mai sukar Gujarati Bharat Mehta, lokacin adabin Gujarati daga 1975 zuwa 2000 Suresh Joshi ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa. ''Upjati'' (1956), ''Pratyancha'' (1961), ''Itara'' (1973) da ''Tathapi'' (1980) tarin waqoqinsa ne. Ya janye littafinsa na farko ''Upjati'' a cikin littafinsa na biyu. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> Ta hanyar wakokinsa, ya gabatar da rashin fahimta da rashin tabbas ga adabin Gujarati. <ref name="Tripathi 2018">{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Salil |date=2018-02-16 |title=A new generation of poets from Gujarat is keeping a rich poetic legacy alive |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/WxQCScWHU7AACzKudTj58I/A-new-generation-of-poets-from-Gujarat-is-keeping-a-rich-poe.html |access-date=2018-02-16 |website=[[LiveMint]]}}</ref> An buga littattafansa guda huɗu gaba ɗaya a matsayin ''Kathachatushtay'' . An riga an buga biyu daga cikinsu, ''Chhinnapatra'' (1965) da ''Maranottar'' (1973) a baya. An buga ''Vidula'' da ''Kathachakra'' a baya tare da wasu gajerun labarai amma Joshi ya ɗauke su a matsayin littattafai kuma ya sake bugawa tare da wasu biyun. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> Tridip Suhrud ya fassara ''Chhinnapatra'' zuwa Turanci a matsayin ''haruffan Crumpled'' (1998). Ya yi gwaji sosai a cikin littattafan novellas . Ya sauya salon adabin Gujarati ta hanyar ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje da kuma kyawunsa. ''Grihapravesh'' (1957), ''Biji Thodik Vartao'' (1958), ''Apich'' (1965), ''Na Tatra Suryo Bhati'' (1967), ''Ekda Naimisharanye'' (1980) tarin labaransa ne da suka hada da litattafai 62. An tattara labaransa guda 21 a cikin ''Maniti Anmaniti'' (1982), wanda Shirish Panchal ya shirya. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> Ya haɓaka ka'idar almara da aka sani da ''Ghatanavilop'' wadda ke mai da hankali kan yuwuwar harshe mai ban sha'awa maimakon ɓangaren labari a cikin almara. ''Janantike'' (1965) shine tarin kasidunsa na farko. Sauran tarin rubutunsa sune ''Idam Sarvam'' (1971), ''Ahobat Kim Ashcharyam'' (1975), ''Iti Me Iti'' (1987). ''Bhavyami'' (1984) ya haɗa da zaɓaɓɓun kasidu da Shirish Panchal ya shirya daga cikin kasidunsa sama da dubu. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> VY Kantak ya fassara ''Janantike'' zuwa Turanci a matsayin ''Intimate Asides'' (1995). <ref name="Navgujarat Samay 2014">{{Cite web |date=2014-05-24 |title='માનવીની ભવાઈ'નો સુંદર અંગ્રેજી અનુવાદ -Navgujarat Samay |url=http://navgujaratsamay.indiatimes.com/navgujarat-samay-supplementaries-gujarati-columnist/kadar-ane-kitab/articleshow/35558013.cms |access-date=2017-09-06 |website=Navgujarat Samay |language=gu}}</ref> Ya kasance mai kawo sauyi a fannin sukar adabi. Aikinsa na farko na suka ''Kinchit'' (1960) ya yi tawaye ga ƙa'idodi da aka kafa. ''Gujarati Kavitano Aswad'' (1962), ''Kavyacharcha'' (1971), ''Kathopkathan'', ''Shrunavantu'' (1972), ''Arunyarudan'' (1976), ''Chintayami Manasa'' (1983), ''Ashtamoahyay'' (1984) su ne sauran tarin zargi. <ref name="Panchal2004" /> <ref name="sm20cgl" /> ''Madhyakalin Gyanmargi Kavyadharani Bhumika'' (1978) aikin bincike ne. ''Jananti Ye Kimapi'' (1984) tarin kasidu shida ne da ya gyara waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan sabbin motsi a fannin sukar adabi. Ya gyara wasu litattafai; ''Navonmesh'' (1971), ''Narharini Gyangeeta'' (1978), ''Gujarati Sarjanatmak Gadya: Ek Sankalan'' (1981), ''Vastana Pado'' (1983). ''Parakiya'' (1975) tarin fassarar waƙoƙin duniya masu kyau ne. ''Dhire Vahe Chhe Don'' Juzu'i na I (1960) da ''Bhonytaliano Adami'' (1967) fassarorin litattafan Rasha ne. ''Shikari Bandook ane Hajar Saraso'' (1975) fassarar labaran Jafananci ne. ''Amriki Tunki Varta'' (1967) fassarar littafin ''The Short Story in America'' ne na Raymond B. West . Fassarar littafin ''Americana Sahityano Itihas'' (1965) ta Marcus Cunliffe . Ya fassara muƙalolin Rabindranath Tagore a cikin ''Panchamrut'' (1949) da ''Sanchay'' (1963). <ref name="Panchal2004" /> == Kyaututtuka == An ba shi Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak a cikin 1971. Ya ƙi karɓar kyautar Sahitya Akademi Award a shekarar 1983 wadda aka ba shi saboda ''Chintayami Manasa'' . Ya ce, "Littafin bai ƙunshi komai ba face wani rubutu da ya ɓace. Labarai ne kawai masu suka waɗanda suka dogara da sukar Turai da Amurka, kuma ba su nuna tunaninsa na asali ba". <ref name="Panchal2004" /> An ba shi lambar yabo ta Narmad Suvarna Chandrak don ''Janantike'' a cikin 1965. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7q4g17k1krix1uw5y6y4u0gdfba87i4 0 178860 966006 2026-10-10T22:46:56Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376453690|Tarun Tejpal]]" 966006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tarun Tejpal''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Maris 1963) tsohon ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya, kuma wanda ya kafa mujallar ''Tehelka'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=Jayant |date=2013-11-28 |title=Tejpal career path: From the sub-editorial trenches to the ivory tower and beyond |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/tarun-tejpal-tehelka-operation-west-219038-2013-11-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806212630/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/tarun-tejpal-tehelka-operation-west-219038-2013-11-27 |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> . A watan Agusta na shekarar 2026, Kotun Koli ta Bombay ta same shi da laifin fyade da laifukan lalata da suka shafi wani ƙaramin abokin aikinsa a Goa a shekarar 2013, kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma a gidan yari mai tsauri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806132648/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-07 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Mahaifin Tejpal yana cikin rundunar sojin Indiya, sakamakon haka ya girma a sassa da dama na ƙasar. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Punjab da ke Chandigarh. Tejpal ya auri Geetan Batra a shekara ta 1985. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Tiya da Cara. == Sana'a == A shekarun 1980 ya fara aikinsa da jaridar The Indian Express daga baya ya koma New Delhi don shiga wata mujallar da ta daina aiki mai suna "India 2000". A shekarar 1988, ya shiga mujallar India Today, sannan ya taimaka wajen gyara mujallar The Financial Express a shekarar 1994. Daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 1996, Tejpal ya shirya wani shirin adabi na mako-mako mai suna 'Littattafai da Ra'ayoyi' a tashar al'adu ta Doordarshan, DD3. Shirin ya ƙunshi marubuta da dama, masana tarihi, marubutan littattafai, mawaka, da kuma masana. Daga baya ya zama editan farko na Outlook, mujallar labarai ta biyu mafi girma a Indiya. Tejpal ya haɗu da kafa wani kamfanin buga littattafai, RST IndiaInk, wanda ya buga littafin [[Arundhati Roy]] mai suna The God of Small Things wanda ya lashe kyautar Booker a shekarar 1998. A shekarar 2000, Tejpal ya kafa gidan yanar gizo na farko na 'yan jarida a Indiya, Tehelka . A cikin hirarraki da dama da aka yi da manema labarai, Tejpal ya bayyana cewa babban abin da Tehelka zai mayar da hankali a kai shi ne na edita ba na kasuwanci ba, kuma zai yi nufin dawo da aikin jarida mai tsauri na kare muradun jama'a na shekarun 1980 wanda aka rasa a cikin sha'awar salon zamani, abinci da sinima na shekarun 1990. "Tehelka.com" ta yi aikinta na farko a kan gyaran wasan kurket tsakanin Indiya da Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2000. An buga wani littafi game da fallasar, Fallen Heroes, jim kaɗan bayan haka. Ba da daɗewa ba shafin yanar gizon Tehelka ya zama sananne saboda bincikensa na ɓarna, musamman don Operation West End (cin hanci da rashawa na yarjejeniyar tsaro). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who @ Tehelka |url=http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902060215/http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp |archive-date=2 September 2012 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=Tehelka website}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, "Tehelka.com" ta sauya daga tashar yanar gizo zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa lokacin da aka sake ƙaddamar da ita a matsayin jaridar mako-mako ta ƙasa ta Tehelka a cikin tsarin tabloid, wanda ya zama mujallar mako-mako a watan Janairun 2007. <ref name="tej2" /> Labarun tarihi na Tehelka sun haɗa da kisan gillar Gujarat, Dr. Binayak Sen, gamuwa da 'yan sanda a arewa maso gabas, zamba ta kwal da 2G, kisan gillar Ishrat Jahan da Tulsi Prajapati, shirya tarzoma da ƙungiyoyin rump suka yi, fallasa Zaheera Sheikh (shaida a shari'ar Best Buredi); da kuma rahotannin da suka yi kan sassan da ake zalunta da marasa galihu na Indiya - Dalits, ƙabilu, talakawa da sauran tsiraru, waɗanda ci gaban masu saye ya shafa. 'Yan jarida da marubutan Tehelka sun lashe kowace kyautar aikin jarida - ciki har da shekaru uku na Chameli Devi don mafi kyawun 'yar jarida mace ta ƙasa ta shekara da kuma kyaututtukan IPI guda biyu (International Press Institute) don mafi kyawun aikin jarida na shekara da kuma kyautar Sanskriti Journalism Award, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-18 |title=Sanskriti Awards for 2011 conferred |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/sanskriti-awards-for-2011-conferred/story-aWcb2HGuUNWqpCKSTIdLWL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705164851/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/sanskriti-awards-for-2011-conferred/story-aWcb2HGuUNWqpCKSTIdLWL.html |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Statesman Award for Rural Reporting, Ramnath Goenka Award for Northeast Reporting da kuma kyaututtukan Laadli Media & Advertising da dama a Kudancin Asiya. Tejpal ya ƙirƙiri kuma ya jagoranci THiNK, wani biki na kwanaki 3 na ra'ayoyi wanda ke nuna masu tunani a duniya a fannin kimiyya, fasaha, siyasa, tattalin arziki da fasaha. An gudanar da shi a Goa tsawon shekaru uku daga 2011 zuwa 2013.[14] Shahararrun mutane na duniya da suka yi jawabi a THiNK sun haɗa da [[Robert De Niro]], VS Naipaul, Garry Kasparov, [[Erica Jong]], James Randi, George Schaller, da Amitabh Bachchan == Hukuncin da aka yanke wa mutum a shari'ar fyade == A watan Nuwamba na 2013, a lokacin bikin THiNK na Tehelka a Goa, wata ƙaramar abokiyar aikinsa ta yi zargin ta hanyar wasiƙar murabus ɗinta cewa Tejpal ta yi mata lalata da maza a ranakun 7 da 8 ga Nuwamba . A cikin wasiƙar murabus ɗinta ga Shoma Chaudhury, ta bayyana lamarin a matsayin lalata da ba ta da izini, ba tare da amfani da kalmar fyaɗe ba. A wancan lokacin, 'Yan sandan Goa sun yi rijistar rahoton farko na bayanai, an kama su kuma sun shafe watanni 6 a gidan yari kafin Kotun Koli ta ba su beli a watan Yulin 2014 . Da farko Tejpal ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin "rashin yanke hukunci" amma daga baya ya musanta zargin kuma ya yi zargin cewa karar da aka shigar a kansa wani bangare ne na ramuwar gayya da gwamnatin jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata ta yi a Goa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-27 |title=He blames BJP for vengeance and victim for being normal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/he-blames-bjp-for-vengeance-and-victim-for-being-normal/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> . A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2021, kotun zaman shari'a ta Goa ta wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa . Duk da haka, a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2026, Kotun Goa ta Babbar Kotun Bombay ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na 2021 kuma ta same shi da laifin fyade mai tsanani a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 376(2)(f) da 376(2)(k) na Dokar Laifukan Indiya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806132648/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-13 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |quote=Tejpal's accuser, who cannot be identified under Indian law, said that he sexually assaulted her in a lift during Tehelka's high-profile international conference in Goa in November 2013, an event attended by, among others, Hollywood star Robert De Niro.}}</ref> . Kotun ta yi amfani da ma'anar tanadin fyaɗe bayan watan Fabrairun 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-13 |title=Rape Laws in India: Evolution, Judicial Interpretations, and Current Challenges • Law Notes by TheLaw.Institute |url=https://thelaw.institute/indian-penal-code/rape-laws-india-evolution-challenges-interpreations/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>, wanda ba'a iyakance ga saduwa da azzakari da farji ba, kuma tana ɗaukar laifin a matsayin abin da ya tsananta idan wanda ake tuhuma yana cikin matsayi na aminci ko iko, ko kuma yana cikin matsayi na iko ko rinjaye akan wanda ke ƙara. Wannan ya sa kotu ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 na ɗaurin shekaru masu tsauri, tare da yanke hukuncin da za a yi a lokaci guda <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line --> |date=2026-08-06 |title=Bombay High Court Sentences Tarun Tejpal To 10 Years' Rigorous Imprisonment In 2013 Rape Case {{!}} 'Parties Must Have Moved On In Their Lives': Bombay HC Sentences Tarun Tejpal To 10 Years' RI In 2013 Rape Case |url=https://lawbeat.in/news-updates/parties-must-have-moved-on-in-their-lives-bombay-hc-sentences-tarun-tejpal-to-10-years-ri-in-2013-rape-case-1619674 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=lawbeat.in |language=en}}</ref> . Tejpal ya ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Ƙoli ta Indiya]], wadda ta umarce shi da ya miƙa wuya kafin ya saurari ƙararsa <ref>{{Cite web |last=G |first=Ananthakrishnan |date=2026-08-25 |title=Supreme Court rejects Tarun Tejpal’s plea, asks him to surrender within 2 weeks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/legal-news/supreme-court-rejects-tarun-tejpals-plea-asks-him-to-surrender-within-2-weeks-10848581/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> . == Ayyukan adabi == Littafin farko na Tejpal mai suna ''The Alchemy of Desire'' (2006), ya lashe kyautar Le Prix Mille Pages don Mafi Kyawun Littattafan Adabi na Ƙasashen Waje. An buga shi cikin harsuna sama da 20 kuma ya ci gaba da sayar da fiye da kwafi rabin miliyan. Littafin ya kuma sami karbuwa sosai ga yabo mai ƙarfi da ya samu daga Sir VS Naipaul, wanda ya rubuta "a ƙarshe - sabon labari mai ban mamaki na asali daga Indiya." Khushwant Singh a cikin sharhinsa ya rubuta, " ''The Alchemy of Desire'' ya sanya Tarun Tejpal a sahun gaba a cikin marubutan Indiya. Ina son in yarda da Naipaul: Tejpal ya zama babban abin birgewa. Labari ne da dole ne a karanta." <ref name="Pan Macmillan India">{{Cite web |title=Pan Macmillan India |url=http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/bookdetails/9780330435550/The-Alchemy-of-Desire/239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829073829/http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/bookdetails/9780330435550/The-Alchemy-of-Desire/239 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=www.panmacmillan.co.in}}</ref> A lokacin da yake rubuta littafin, Le Figaro ya ce "Wannan babban aikin fasaha na Indiya kamar tafiya ce ta cikin Ganges, mai tsawo kuma mai daɗi marar iyaka; abin da kawai ke damunka shi ne zuwa ƙarshen da wuri." <ref name="Pan Macmillan India" /> An dakile yunkurin kisan gilla da aka yi wa Tejpal a shekarar 2001, da kuma kama wasu mutane biyar da suka kashe mutane a kwangilar kwangila, wanda ya zama tushen littafin adabi na biyu na Tejpal, wanda aka yaba da shi sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2012 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J. Tejpal. Melville (Random, dist.), $27.95 (544p) ISBN 978-1-61219-162-1 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-61219-162-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316012847/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-61219-162-1 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=PublishersWeekly.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-23 |title=The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J Tejpal – review |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/nov/23/story-assassins-tarun-tejpal-review |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> ''Labarin Masu Kashe Ni'' (2010) wanda jerin labaran yanar gizo na 2020 ''Paatal Lok Season 1'' akan ''Amazon Prime'' ya dogara akansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Paatal Lok {{!}} Anupama Chopra's Review {{!}} Amazon Prime Video {{!}} Film Companion - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF2Xza3PxZs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712110611/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF2Xza3PxZs&list=PL6AvGVQTyD4rFdQcyM_CWazKABljXxq5v&index=139 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="tej4" /> An daɗe ana neman ''kyautar adabi'' ta Man Asian Literary Prize a shekarar 2011. <ref name="MALA">{{Cite web |title=About Tarun Tejpal |url=http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105172533/http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/ |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=The Man Asian Literary Award}}</ref> Sabon littafinsa, ''The Line of Mercy'' (2022), <ref>{{Cite web |last=SHUKLA |first=AVAY |date=2022-03-27 |title=The Line of Mercy - Man Is Wolf To Man |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/4/21648/The-Line-of-Mercy---Man-Is-Wolf-To-Man |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2022 |title=The Line of Mercy has a message: Listen to the underdog |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/line-mercy-message-listen-underdog |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119015613/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/line-mercy-message-listen-underdog |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=Review: The Line of Mercy by Tarun Tejpal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-line-of-mercy-by-tarun-tejpal-101654880700863.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119015612/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-line-of-mercy-by-tarun-tejpal-101654880700863.html |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> wani littafi ne mai ban dariya da falsafa game da laifuka, hukunci, da rayuwar mofussil India. "Ta hanyar bin diddigin tarkacen rayuwa da suka lalace da kuma mafarkan banza, tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro da makircin da ba su da tabbas, Rahama tana yin abin da littattafai kaɗan ne kawai a kowane zamani suke yi: tana bayyana rashin ɗabi'un ɗabi'u da ɗan adam ya ƙirƙira." <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title='The Line of Mercy': Tarun Tejpal's new novel reveals the immorality of man-made moralities |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20220620-the-line-of-mercy-tarun-tejpal-s-new-novel-reveals-the-immorality-of-man-made-moralities-1960707-2022-06-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117034613/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20220620-the-line-of-mercy-tarun-tejpal-s-new-novel-reveals-the-immorality-of-man-made-moralities-1960707-2022-06-10 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * A shekara ta 2001, an sanya masa suna cikin "shugabanni 50 da ke kan gaba wajen kawo sauyi a Asiya" a cikin Business Week . <ref name="harper">{{Cite web |title=Harper Collins |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223008/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=12 October 2008}}</ref> * A shekarar 2006, an sanya shi cikin jerin "masu fada a Indiya", saboda kasancewarsa ''"Majagaba a fannin aikin jarida wanda ya sauya kafofin watsa labarai na Indiya"'', ta [[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]] . * A shekarar 2006–07, ya lashe kyautar Le Prix Mille Pages saboda littafinsa na farko mai suna The Alchemy of Desire . <ref name="tej4">{{Cite web |title=The Alchemy of Desire - Tarun J Tejpal |url=http://www.taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208065816/http://taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML |archive-date=8 December 2013 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=www.taruntejpal.com}}</ref> * A shekarar 2009, an sanya masa suna a cikin "Mutane 50 Mafi Ƙarfi a Indiya a 2009" ta "Makon Kasuwanci". * A shekarar 2010, an ba shi kyautar "Kyautar Kyau a Aikin Jarida" ta Cibiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Duniya ta Babi na Indiya * A shekarar 2011, an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon shekara na GQ India. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2011 |title=GQ Men of the Year 2011 winners {{!}} Tarun Tejpal {{!}} MOTY 2011 {{!}} Indian authors |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/tarun-tejpal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129180702/https://www.gqindia.com/content/tarun-tejpal |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=GQ India}}</ref> * An zabi The Alchemy of Desire '''a''' matsayin mafi kyawun Littattafan Adabi na Ƙasashen Waje a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan takarar Prix Femina.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} * Kwarin Masks: an daɗe ana jiran kyautar Man Asian Booker == Liyafar maraba == An soki Tejpal da zarge-zargen rikicin sha'awa da suka shafi mallakar ''Tehelka'', saboda jam'iyyun siyasa da 'yan kasuwa suna da hannun jari a kamfanin. A shekarar 2013, wata 'yar jarida mace ta zargi Tejpal da laifin cin zarafin mata da fyade a lokacin bikin THiNK da aka yi a Goa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2013 |title=Goa police file FIR against Tarun Tejpal for rape of colleague |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Goa-police-file-FIR-against-Tarun-Tejpal-for-rape-of-colleague/articleshow/26224880.cms? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123113238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Goa-police-file-FIR-against-Tarun-Tejpal-for-rape-of-colleague/articleshow/26224880.cms |archive-date=23 November 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2013 |title=Tehelka case: Denied bail, Tarun Tejpal arrested by Goa Police : South, News – India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tarun-tejpal-arrest-goa-bail-plea-sexual-assault-shoma-chaudhury-219161-2013-11-29 |access-date=19 May 2014 |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in}}</ref> An fara shari'ar ne kawai a watan Satumba na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2021 |title=Tarun Tejpal verdict: Goa court to pronounce verdict in Tarun Tejpal case on May 19 {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-court-holds-former-tehelka-chief-editor-tarun-tejpal-guilty-in-sexual-harassment-case/articleshow/82567430.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518105044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-court-holds-former-tehelka-chief-editor-tarun-tejpal-guilty-in-sexual-harassment-case/articleshow/82567430.cms |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2021, an wanke Tejpal daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa. Mai Shari'a Kshama Joshi ya kuma lura da nuna son kai da kuma rashin tabbas da Jami'in Bincike ya nuna a shari'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2021 |title=Breaking: Journalist Tarun Tejpal Acquitted in 2003 Rape Case |url=https://livelaw.in/top-stories/breaking-journalist-tarun-tejpal-acquitted-in-2013-rape-case-174461}}</ref> Kotun Goa ta Babbar Kotun Bombay ta soke wannan wankewa da aka yi masa a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2026, sannan ta yanke wa Tejpal hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bgptvs1bnl4pl6awgwl7gsmj0ddmhbw 966007 966006 2026-10-10T22:47:48Z Nnamadee 31123 966007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tarun Tejpal''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Maris 1963) tsohon ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya, kuma wanda ya kafa mujallar ''Tehelka'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sriram |first=Jayant |date=2013-11-28 |title=Tejpal career path: From the sub-editorial trenches to the ivory tower and beyond |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/tarun-tejpal-tehelka-operation-west-219038-2013-11-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806212630/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/tarun-tejpal-tehelka-operation-west-219038-2013-11-27 |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> . A watan Agusta na shekarar 2026, Kotun Koli ta Bombay ta same shi da laifin fyade da laifukan lalata da suka shafi wani ƙaramin abokin aikinsa a Goa a shekarar 2013, kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma a gidan yari mai tsauri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806132648/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-07 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Mahaifin Tejpal yana cikin rundunar sojin Indiya, sakamakon haka ya girma a sassa da dama na ƙasar. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Punjab da ke Chandigarh. Tejpal ya auri Geetan Batra a shekara ta 1985. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Tiya da Cara. == Sana'a == A shekarun 1980 ya fara aikinsa da jaridar The Indian Express daga baya ya koma New Delhi don shiga wata mujallar da ta daina aiki mai suna "India 2000". A shekarar 1988, ya shiga mujallar India Today, sannan ya taimaka wajen gyara mujallar The Financial Express a shekarar 1994. Daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 1996, Tejpal ya shirya wani shirin adabi na mako-mako mai suna 'Littattafai da Ra'ayoyi' a tashar al'adu ta Doordarshan, DD3. Shirin ya ƙunshi marubuta da dama, masana tarihi, marubutan littattafai, mawaka, da kuma masana. Daga baya ya zama editan farko na Outlook, mujallar labarai ta biyu mafi girma a Indiya. Tejpal ya haɗu da kafa wani kamfanin buga littattafai, RST IndiaInk, wanda ya buga littafin [[Arundhati Roy]] mai suna The God of Small Things wanda ya lashe kyautar Booker a shekarar 1998. A shekarar 2000, Tejpal ya kafa gidan yanar gizo na farko na 'yan jarida a Indiya, Tehelka . A cikin hirarraki da dama da aka yi da manema labarai, Tejpal ya bayyana cewa babban abin da Tehelka zai mayar da hankali a kai shi ne na edita ba na kasuwanci ba, kuma zai yi nufin dawo da aikin jarida mai tsauri na kare muradun jama'a na shekarun 1980 wanda aka rasa a cikin sha'awar salon zamani, abinci da sinima na shekarun 1990. "Tehelka.com" ta yi aikinta na farko a kan gyaran wasan kurket tsakanin Indiya da Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2000. An buga wani littafi game da fallasar, Fallen Heroes, jim kaɗan bayan haka. Ba da daɗewa ba shafin yanar gizon Tehelka ya zama sananne saboda bincikensa na ɓarna, musamman don Operation West End (cin hanci da rashawa na yarjejeniyar tsaro). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who @ Tehelka |url=http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902060215/http://www.tehelka.com/commoncode/team/dateam.asp |archive-date=2 September 2012 |access-date=7 August 2010 |publisher=Tehelka website}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, "Tehelka.com" ta sauya daga tashar yanar gizo zuwa kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa lokacin da aka sake ƙaddamar da ita a matsayin jaridar mako-mako ta ƙasa ta Tehelka a cikin tsarin tabloid, wanda ya zama mujallar mako-mako a watan Janairun 2007. <ref name="tej2" /> Labarun tarihi na Tehelka sun haɗa da kisan gillar Gujarat, Dr. Binayak Sen, gamuwa da 'yan sanda a arewa maso gabas, zamba ta kwal da 2G, kisan gillar Ishrat Jahan da Tulsi Prajapati, shirya tarzoma da ƙungiyoyin rump suka yi, fallasa Zaheera Sheikh (shaida a shari'ar Best Buredi); da kuma rahotannin da suka yi kan sassan da ake zalunta da marasa galihu na Indiya - Dalits, ƙabilu, talakawa da sauran tsiraru, waɗanda ci gaban masu saye ya shafa. 'Yan jarida da marubutan Tehelka sun lashe kowace kyautar aikin jarida - ciki har da shekaru uku na Chameli Devi don mafi kyawun 'yar jarida mace ta ƙasa ta shekara da kuma kyaututtukan IPI guda biyu (International Press Institute) don mafi kyawun aikin jarida na shekara da kuma kyautar Sanskriti Journalism Award, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-18 |title=Sanskriti Awards for 2011 conferred |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/sanskriti-awards-for-2011-conferred/story-aWcb2HGuUNWqpCKSTIdLWL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705164851/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/sanskriti-awards-for-2011-conferred/story-aWcb2HGuUNWqpCKSTIdLWL.html |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Statesman Award for Rural Reporting, Ramnath Goenka Award for Northeast Reporting da kuma kyaututtukan Laadli Media & Advertising da dama a Kudancin Asiya. Tejpal ya ƙirƙiri kuma ya jagoranci THiNK, wani biki na kwanaki 3 na ra'ayoyi wanda ke nuna masu tunani a duniya a fannin kimiyya, fasaha, siyasa, tattalin arziki da fasaha. An gudanar da shi a Goa tsawon shekaru uku daga 2011 zuwa 2013.[14] Shahararrun mutane na duniya da suka yi jawabi a THiNK sun haɗa da [[Robert De Niro]], VS Naipaul, Garry Kasparov, [[Erica Jong]], James Randi, George Schaller, da Amitabh Bachchan == Hukuncin da aka yanke wa mutum a shari'ar fyade == A watan Nuwamba na 2013, a lokacin bikin THiNK na Tehelka a Goa, wata ƙaramar abokiyar aikinsa ta yi zargin ta hanyar wasiƙar murabus ɗinta cewa Tejpal ta yi mata lalata da maza a ranakun 7 da 8 ga Nuwamba . A cikin wasiƙar murabus ɗinta ga Shoma Chaudhury, ta bayyana lamarin a matsayin lalata da ba ta da izini, ba tare da amfani da kalmar fyaɗe ba. A wancan lokacin, 'Yan sandan Goa sun yi rijistar rahoton farko na bayanai, an kama su kuma sun shafe watanni 6 a gidan yari kafin Kotun Koli ta ba su beli a watan Yulin 2014 . Da farko Tejpal ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin "rashin yanke hukunci" amma daga baya ya musanta zargin kuma ya yi zargin cewa karar da aka shigar a kansa wani bangare ne na ramuwar gayya da gwamnatin jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata ta yi a Goa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-27 |title=He blames BJP for vengeance and victim for being normal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/he-blames-bjp-for-vengeance-and-victim-for-being-normal/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> . A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2021, kotun zaman shari'a ta Goa ta wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa . Duk da haka, a ranar 6 ga Agusta 2026, Kotun Goa ta Babbar Kotun Bombay ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke masa na 2021 kuma ta same shi da laifin fyade mai tsanani a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 376(2)(f) da 376(2)(k) na Dokar Laifukan Indiya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260806132648/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |archive-date=6 August 2026 |access-date=2026-08-13 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB |quote=Tejpal's accuser, who cannot be identified under Indian law, said that he sexually assaulted her in a lift during Tehelka's high-profile international conference in Goa in November 2013, an event attended by, among others, Hollywood star Robert De Niro.}}</ref> . Kotun ta yi amfani da ma'anar tanadin fyaɗe bayan watan Fabrairun 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-13 |title=Rape Laws in India: Evolution, Judicial Interpretations, and Current Challenges • Law Notes by TheLaw.Institute |url=https://thelaw.institute/indian-penal-code/rape-laws-india-evolution-challenges-interpreations/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>, wanda ba'a iyakance ga saduwa da azzakari da farji ba, kuma tana ɗaukar laifin a matsayin abin da ya tsananta idan wanda ake tuhuma yana cikin matsayi na aminci ko iko, ko kuma yana cikin matsayi na iko ko rinjaye akan wanda ke ƙara. Wannan ya sa kotu ta yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 10 na ɗaurin shekaru masu tsauri, tare da yanke hukuncin da za a yi a lokaci guda <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line --> |date=2026-08-06 |title=Bombay High Court Sentences Tarun Tejpal To 10 Years' Rigorous Imprisonment In 2013 Rape Case {{!}} 'Parties Must Have Moved On In Their Lives': Bombay HC Sentences Tarun Tejpal To 10 Years' RI In 2013 Rape Case |url=https://lawbeat.in/news-updates/parties-must-have-moved-on-in-their-lives-bombay-hc-sentences-tarun-tejpal-to-10-years-ri-in-2013-rape-case-1619674 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=lawbeat.in |language=en}}</ref> . Tejpal ya ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa [[Kotun koli na Indiya|Kotun Ƙoli ta Indiya]], wadda ta umarce shi da ya miƙa wuya kafin ya saurari ƙararsa <ref>{{Cite web |last=G |first=Ananthakrishnan |date=2026-08-25 |title=Supreme Court rejects Tarun Tejpal’s plea, asks him to surrender within 2 weeks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/legal-news/supreme-court-rejects-tarun-tejpals-plea-asks-him-to-surrender-within-2-weeks-10848581/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> . == Ayyukan adabi == Littafin farko na Tejpal mai suna ''The Alchemy of Desire'' (2006), ya lashe kyautar Le Prix Mille Pages don Mafi Kyawun Littattafan Adabi na Ƙasashen Waje. An buga shi cikin harsuna sama da 20 kuma ya ci gaba da sayar da fiye da kwafi rabin miliyan. Littafin ya kuma sami karbuwa sosai ga yabo mai ƙarfi da ya samu daga Sir VS Naipaul, wanda ya rubuta "a ƙarshe - sabon labari mai ban mamaki na asali daga Indiya." Khushwant Singh a cikin sharhinsa ya rubuta, " ''The Alchemy of Desire'' ya sanya Tarun Tejpal a sahun gaba a cikin marubutan Indiya. Ina son in yarda da Naipaul: Tejpal ya zama babban abin birgewa. Labari ne da dole ne a karanta." <ref name="Pan Macmillan India">{{Cite web |title=Pan Macmillan India |url=http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/bookdetails/9780330435550/The-Alchemy-of-Desire/239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829073829/http://www.panmacmillan.co.in/bookdetails/9780330435550/The-Alchemy-of-Desire/239 |archive-date=29 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=www.panmacmillan.co.in}}</ref> A lokacin da yake rubuta littafin, Le Figaro ya ce "Wannan babban aikin fasaha na Indiya kamar tafiya ce ta cikin Ganges, mai tsawo kuma mai daɗi marar iyaka; abin da kawai ke damunka shi ne zuwa ƙarshen da wuri." <ref name="Pan Macmillan India" /> An dakile yunkurin kisan gilla da aka yi wa Tejpal a shekarar 2001, da kuma kama wasu mutane biyar da suka kashe mutane a kwangilar kwangila, wanda ya zama tushen littafin adabi na biyu na Tejpal, wanda aka yaba da shi sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2012 |title=Fiction Book Review: The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J. Tejpal. Melville (Random, dist.), $27.95 (544p) ISBN 978-1-61219-162-1 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-61219-162-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316012847/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-61219-162-1 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=PublishersWeekly.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-23 |title=The Story of My Assassins by Tarun J Tejpal – review |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/nov/23/story-assassins-tarun-tejpal-review |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> ''Labarin Masu Kashe Ni'' (2010) wanda jerin labaran yanar gizo na 2020 ''Paatal Lok Season 1'' akan ''Amazon Prime'' ya dogara akansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2020 |title=Paatal Lok {{!}} Anupama Chopra's Review {{!}} Amazon Prime Video {{!}} Film Companion - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF2Xza3PxZs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712110611/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bF2Xza3PxZs&list=PL6AvGVQTyD4rFdQcyM_CWazKABljXxq5v&index=139 |archive-date=12 July 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="tej4" /> An daɗe ana neman ''kyautar adabi'' ta Man Asian Literary Prize a shekarar 2011. <ref name="MALA">{{Cite web |title=About Tarun Tejpal |url=http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105172533/http://www.manasianliteraryprize.org/tarun-j-tejpal/ |archive-date=5 November 2013 |access-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=The Man Asian Literary Award}}</ref> Sabon littafinsa, ''The Line of Mercy'' (2022), <ref>{{Cite web |last=SHUKLA |first=AVAY |date=2022-03-27 |title=The Line of Mercy - Man Is Wolf To Man |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/4/21648/The-Line-of-Mercy---Man-Is-Wolf-To-Man |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.thecitizen.in |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2022 |title=The Line of Mercy has a message: Listen to the underdog |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/line-mercy-message-listen-underdog |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119015613/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/line-mercy-message-listen-underdog |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-10 |title=Review: The Line of Mercy by Tarun Tejpal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-line-of-mercy-by-tarun-tejpal-101654880700863.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119015612/https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/review-the-line-of-mercy-by-tarun-tejpal-101654880700863.html |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> wani littafi ne mai ban dariya da falsafa game da laifuka, hukunci, da rayuwar mofussil India. "Ta hanyar bin diddigin tarkacen rayuwa da suka lalace da kuma mafarkan banza, tatsuniyoyi masu ban tsoro da makircin da ba su da tabbas, Rahama tana yin abin da littattafai kaɗan ne kawai a kowane zamani suke yi: tana bayyana rashin ɗabi'un ɗabi'u da ɗan adam ya ƙirƙira." <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title='The Line of Mercy': Tarun Tejpal's new novel reveals the immorality of man-made moralities |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20220620-the-line-of-mercy-tarun-tejpal-s-new-novel-reveals-the-immorality-of-man-made-moralities-1960707-2022-06-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117034613/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20220620-the-line-of-mercy-tarun-tejpal-s-new-novel-reveals-the-immorality-of-man-made-moralities-1960707-2022-06-10 |archive-date=17 January 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * A shekara ta 2001, an sanya masa suna cikin "shugabanni 50 da ke kan gaba wajen kawo sauyi a Asiya" a cikin Business Week . <ref name="harper">{{Cite web |title=Harper Collins |url=http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223008/http://www.harpercollins.com/authors/30535/Tarun_J_Tejpal/index.aspx |archive-date=2 December 2013 |access-date=12 October 2008}}</ref> * A shekarar 2006, an sanya shi cikin jerin "masu fada a Indiya", saboda kasancewarsa ''"Majagaba a fannin aikin jarida wanda ya sauya kafofin watsa labarai na Indiya"'', ta [[The Guardian|jaridar The Guardian]] . * A shekarar 2006–07, ya lashe kyautar Le Prix Mille Pages saboda littafinsa na farko mai suna The Alchemy of Desire . <ref name="tej4">{{Cite web |title=The Alchemy of Desire - Tarun J Tejpal |url=http://www.taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208065816/http://taruntejpal.com/ALCHEMY_SYNOP.HTML |archive-date=8 December 2013 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=www.taruntejpal.com}}</ref> * A shekarar 2009, an sanya masa suna a cikin "Mutane 50 Mafi Ƙarfi a Indiya a 2009" ta "Makon Kasuwanci". * A shekarar 2010, an ba shi kyautar "Kyautar Kyau a Aikin Jarida" ta Cibiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Duniya ta Babi na Indiya * A shekarar 2011, an zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon shekara na GQ India. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2011 |title=GQ Men of the Year 2011 winners {{!}} Tarun Tejpal {{!}} MOTY 2011 {{!}} Indian authors |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/tarun-tejpal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129180702/https://www.gqindia.com/content/tarun-tejpal |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=GQ India}}</ref> * An zabi The Alchemy of Desire '''a''' matsayin mafi kyawun Littattafan Adabi na Ƙasashen Waje a cikin jerin sunayen 'yan takarar Prix Femina.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} * Kwarin Masks: an daɗe ana jiran kyautar Man Asian Booker == Liyafar maraba == An soki Tejpal da zarge-zargen rikicin sha'awa da suka shafi mallakar ''Tehelka'', saboda jam'iyyun siyasa da 'yan kasuwa suna da hannun jari a kamfanin. A shekarar 2013, wata 'yar jarida mace ta zargi Tejpal da laifin cin zarafin mata da fyade a lokacin bikin THiNK da aka yi a Goa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2013 |title=Goa police file FIR against Tarun Tejpal for rape of colleague |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Goa-police-file-FIR-against-Tarun-Tejpal-for-rape-of-colleague/articleshow/26224880.cms? |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123113238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Goa-police-file-FIR-against-Tarun-Tejpal-for-rape-of-colleague/articleshow/26224880.cms |archive-date=23 November 2013 |access-date=23 November 2013 |publisher=Times of India}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2013 |title=Tehelka case: Denied bail, Tarun Tejpal arrested by Goa Police : South, News – India Today |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/south/story/tarun-tejpal-arrest-goa-bail-plea-sexual-assault-shoma-chaudhury-219161-2013-11-29 |access-date=19 May 2014 |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in}}</ref> An fara shari'ar ne kawai a watan Satumba na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 12, 2021 |title=Tarun Tejpal verdict: Goa court to pronounce verdict in Tarun Tejpal case on May 19 {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-court-holds-former-tehelka-chief-editor-tarun-tejpal-guilty-in-sexual-harassment-case/articleshow/82567430.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518105044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/goa-court-holds-former-tehelka-chief-editor-tarun-tejpal-guilty-in-sexual-harassment-case/articleshow/82567430.cms |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Mayu 2021, an wanke Tejpal daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa. Mai Shari'a Kshama Joshi ya kuma lura da nuna son kai da kuma rashin tabbas da Jami'in Bincike ya nuna a shari'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2021 |title=Breaking: Journalist Tarun Tejpal Acquitted in 2003 Rape Case |url=https://livelaw.in/top-stories/breaking-journalist-tarun-tejpal-acquitted-in-2013-rape-case-174461}}</ref> Kotun Goa ta Babbar Kotun Bombay ta soke wannan wankewa da aka yi masa a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2026, sannan ta yanke wa Tejpal hukuncin daurin shekaru 10 a gidan yari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-06 |title=Tarun Tejpal: Tehelka founder sentenced to 10 years in jail for rape |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2v551w9v8o |access-date=2026-08-06 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0gkgfwpybpsbtw57k0iklsqe9iekguh 0 178861 966012 2026-10-10T23:27:48Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358512127|Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi]]" 966012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833. Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta. <ref name=":2" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas. == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh . Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8yyaq1cqojp3zdztcd1b7wzljl1kh85 966013 966012 2026-10-10T23:28:19Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 966013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833. Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta. <ref name=":2" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas. == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh . Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bdptj41xemfmd6kk8t3o3oz7lpxxxhs 966014 966013 2026-10-10T23:29:53Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Sarauta */ 966014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833. Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta. <ref name=":2" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh . Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iulu4iqkr485add4gcxfvaw2vgxx22o 966015 966014 2026-10-10T23:31:48Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 966015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833. Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh . Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3y4wvfzabdlrrgy45rga4k44ihu448o 966016 966015 2026-10-10T23:33:24Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 966016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh . Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4u21x50wviz5g5r221azcf1sz7g56jr 966018 966016 2026-10-10T23:35:03Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Mutuwa da gado */ 966018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya. Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2nr8wddfjjqfb8ze3dfr6dhlj9bg0zb 966019 966018 2026-10-10T23:40:08Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Sarauta */ 966019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa. An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya.<ref name=":0">Ali Awad Al Qutb, The Yazidi Princes of 'Asir, An Unwritten History, Tuwa Culture and Publishing, 2003, p. 429</ref> Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1as0t8o7qq12uszdsndq6pogqhbyrkl 966020 966019 2026-10-10T23:44:00Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Sarauta */ 966020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa.<ref name=":1">Abdullah bin Ali bin Misfar, Siyar al-'Amir al-'Asiri</ref> An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya.<ref name=":0">Ali Awad Al Qutb, The Yazidi Princes of 'Asir, An Unwritten History, Tuwa Culture and Publishing, 2003, p. 429</ref> Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} no2iwxqnrgjauzkc3xf7fjbkzpl3ms0 966021 966020 2026-10-10T23:45:56Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ra'ayoyin Addini */ 966021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa.<ref name=":1">Abdullah bin Ali bin Misfar, Siyar al-'Amir al-'Asiri</ref> An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya.<ref name=":0">Ali Awad Al Qutb, The Yazidi Princes of 'Asir, An Unwritten History, Tuwa Culture and Publishing, 2003, p. 429</ref> Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su.<ref>Hassan bin Ahmed al-Yamani, The Precious Pearl in Mentioning the Virtues and Events of the Prince of Muslims Muhammad bin Ayed, edited by Abdullah bin Ali bin Hamid, 1978, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, p. 17</ref> '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2vrk2whaufqrc3zaeldrxkfnpenofgg 966022 966021 2026-10-10T23:47:54Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ra'ayoyin Addini */ 966022 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa.<ref name=":1">Abdullah bin Ali bin Misfar, Siyar al-'Amir al-'Asiri</ref> An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya.<ref name=":0">Ali Awad Al Qutb, The Yazidi Princes of 'Asir, An Unwritten History, Tuwa Culture and Publishing, 2003, p. 429</ref> Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<ref>Hassan bin Ahmed al-Yamani, The Precious Pearl in Mentioning the Virtues and Events of the Prince of Muslims Muhammad bin Ayed, edited by Abdullah bin Ali bin Hamid, 1978, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, p. 17</ref><blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ll8k6omhvw1e7si5cptmxmms4qhuuo2 966023 966022 2026-10-10T23:48:33Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 966023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi''' (Arabic) shi ne mai mulkin 'Lardin Asir da Tihamah a karni na 19, wanda ya fara a 1826 kuma ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a 1833.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2"/> Ali bin Mujothal, tare da ɗan'uwan mahaifiyarsa kuma dan uwansa [[Sa'id bin Musalat]], ya yi tsayayya da sojojin [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]] da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]] ke jagoranta.<ref>Ali bin Shaykh al-Bakri, Al-Mukhtasar fi Tarikh Bani Shahr (Historical Study), 1st edition 1428 AH, p. 122</ref><ref name=":2">Ali Ahmed Asiri, 'Asir from 1249 AH/1833 AD–1289 AH/1872 AD, a historical study, p. 183</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Sarauta == Bayan mutuwar Sa'id bin Musalat a shekara ta 1826, mutanen 'Asir sun yi alkawarin biyayya ga Ali bin Mujathal, wanda a hukumance ya fara mulkinsa.<ref name=":1">Abdullah bin Ali bin Misfar, Siyar al-'Amir al-'Asiri</ref> An bayyana mulkin Ali bin Mujethal a matsayin mai zaman lafiya gaba ɗaya, kuma ya kuma yi nasarar yaki da yunkurin mamayewa da yawa daga [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]]. Ƙarfinsa da tasirinsa da ke gabatowa [[Yemen]] ya damu da [[Muhammad Ali Pasha]], wanda ya umarci gwamnoninsa da manyan mutane su rubuta wasiƙu suna hana shi shiga Yemen. Ali bin Mujathal ya yi watsi da zargi kuma ya mamaye Yemen duk da haka, ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a kan sassa da yawa da Ottomans suka karbe a baya.<ref name=":0">Ali Awad Al Qutb, The Yazidi Princes of 'Asir, An Unwritten History, Tuwa Culture and Publishing, 2003, p. 429</ref> Sarautarsa za ta kai ga ƙarshe, tasirinsa ya kai har zuwa Najran a kudu maso gabas.<ref name=":4">Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Zalfa, The Call of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdulwahhab and Its Impact on The Resistance of 'Asir against Ottoman Rule, Dar Bilad Al Arab, 2001, p. 115</ref> == Ra'ayoyin Addini == Ali bin Mujathal Musulmi ne mai ibada na Sunni. Kamar yawancin 'yan asalin 'Asir, ya kasance mai bin makarantar [[Shafi`iyya|Shafi'i]] ta tunani. Ya kuma kasance Athari a cikin imaninsa, kuma ya bi koyarwar [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab]]. Fitowar ƙungiyar [[Salafiyya|Salafi]] a cikin 'Asir ma ya faru ne a lokacin mulkinsa.<ref>Hassan bin Ahmed al-Yamani, The Precious Pearl in Mentioning the Virtues and Events of the Prince of Muslims Muhammad bin Ayed, edited by Abdullah bin Ali bin Hamid, 1978, Dar Al-Fikr, Damascus, p. 17</ref><blockquote>Addinin yana da tsakiya tsakanin mu da waɗanda ke da'awar shi. Biye [aikin addini] dole ne a goyi bayan shi da shaida. Abin da [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], Allah ya albarkace shi kuma ya ba shi zaman lafiya, kuma abokansa sun kasance a lokacin su, kuma ridda shine abin da aka gabatar bayan su. '''- Ali bin Mujathal al-Mughaidi, ga masanin Ibrahim bin Ahmad al-Hafzi''' </blockquote> == Mutuwa da gado == Ali bin Mujathal ya kamu da rashin lafiya a 1833 bayan ya dawo daga [[Yemen]]. Ya mutu a wannan shekarar. Aidh bin Mar'i al-Yazidi ne ya gaje shi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Al Aidh .<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Yana da ɗa mai suna Abdullah wanda zuriyarsa, dangin Al-Mujathal, har yanzu suna kusa kuma suna zaune a lardin 'Asir. == Duba kuma == * Masarautar Idrisid ta Asir * Masarautar Al Aidh * [[Masarautar Diriya|Masarautar Diriyah]] * Yaƙin Ottoman-Wahhabi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a84athtmx1pdp71ij2xe0tu0ta8u8lm 0 178862 966042 2026-10-11T03:38:04Z BlackDadWhiteMom 49895 Sabon shafi: [[File:Jihan Dimack - Miss Grand International 2026.png|300px|thumb|right|Jihan Dimack (2026)]] '''Jihan Dimack''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1996) 'yar kasar Tanzaniya ce mai sana'ar nuna kayan kwalliya da kuma sarauniyar kyau, wacce aka nada a matsayin Miss Grand International ta shekarar 2026. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 966042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jihan Dimack - Miss Grand International 2026.png|300px|thumb|right|Jihan Dimack (2026)]] '''Jihan Dimack''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1996) 'yar kasar Tanzaniya ce mai sana'ar nuna kayan kwalliya da kuma sarauniyar kyau, wacce aka nada a matsayin Miss Grand International ta shekarar 2026. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 7h147usp0sdfux58c6ndlybrrqp5bc4 966043 966042 2026-10-11T03:38:43Z BlackDadWhiteMom 49895 966043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jihan Dimack - Miss Grand International 2026.png|300px|thumb|right|Jihan Dimack (2026)]] '''Jihan Dimack''' (wacce aka haifa a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 1996) 'yar kasar Tanzaniya ce mai sana'ar nuna kayan kwalliya da kuma sarauniyar kyau, wacce aka nada a matsayin Miss Grand International ta shekarar 2026. ==Sauran yanar gizo== *[https://www.instagram.com/jihandimack Jihan Dimack - Instagram] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] lvxkf0ibh7wgbr5ngza52fgxjsoeyzf 0 178863 966108 2026-10-11T09:21:34Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373425018|Mobile City Hospital]]" 966108 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;" |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: var(--color-base); background:#A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Asibitin Mobile City</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: var(--color-base); background:#A8EDEF;">US National Register of Historic Places</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Mobile_City_Hospital.JPG|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Tsohon asibitin Mobile City a cikin 2008.</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<div class="switcher-container"><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Location_Map_USA_Alabama_Mobile.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|323x323px|Mobile City Hospital is located in Mobile, Alabama]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:46.217%;left:78.166%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Mobile City Hospital]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Mobile, Alabama</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nuna Mobile, Alabama</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:USA_Alabama_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|398x398px|Mobile City Hospital is located in Alabama]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:85.071%;left:16.111%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Mobile City Hospital]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Alabama</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Alabama</span></div></div></div><templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Mobile City Hospital is located in the United States]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:76.304%;left:64.804%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Mobile City Hospital]]</div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayi a cikin Amurka</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Taswirar nunawa ta Amurka</span></div></div></div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |900-950 St. Anthony StreetMobile, Alabama<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Ma'auni | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mobile_City_Hospital&params=30_41_28.37_N_88_3_20.03_W_type:landmark_region:US-AL <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°41′28.37′′N</span> <span class="longitude">88°3′20.03′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.6912139°N 88.0555639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.6912139; -88.0555639</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:12}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mobile_City_Hospital&params=30_41_28.37_N_88_3_20.03_W_type:landmark_region:US-AL <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°41′28.37″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°3′20.03″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.6912139°N 88.0555639°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">30.6912139; -88.0555639</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |An gina shi | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |1830 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |Tsarin gine-gine&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |Farfadowar Girka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |NRHP bayanin <abbr title="<nowiki&gt;number</nowiki&gt;">No.</abbr>&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |[https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/70000108 70000108]<ref name="NRIS" /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;" |An kara shi zuwa NRHP | class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;" |26 ga Fabrairu, 1970 |} '''Asibitin Mobile City''', wanda aka fi sani da Old Mobile General Hospital, gini ne na asibitin Girka na tarihi a Mobile, Alabama, Amurka. Thomas S. James ne ya gina shi a 1830 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin asibiti ga birnin Mobile daga 1831 har zuwa 1966. Sisters of Charity ne suka gudanar da shi ga birnin a cikin babban bangare na tarihinsa.<ref name="USAARCH">{{Cite web |title=Historic Markers of the City of Mobile: Warren Street to Ann Street |url=http://www.usouthal.edu/archives/html/guide/markers/marker5.htm |access-date=2008-03-07 |website="University of south Alabama Archives"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Markers in the City of Mobile |url=https://www.southalabama.edu/libraries/mccallarchives/warren_markers_sub_guide.html |access-date=2020-12-15 |website=www.southalabama.edu}}</ref> An kula da mazaunan Mobile a nan a lokacin annobar [[Cutar amai da gudawa|zazzabin rawaya]] da kuma lokacin Yaƙin basasar Amurka. An canza shi zuwa ofishin bayan 1966. An kara shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1970. Ginin yana kusa da tsohuwar Asibitin Marine na Amurka, wanda kuma yana cikin National Register. A shekarar 1966, an buɗe wani asibiti na maye gurbinsa a matsayin Mobile General Hospital. An sayar da shi ga Jami'ar Kudancin Alabama akan dala 1 a shekarar 1970, daga baya aka sake masa suna zuwa USA Medical Center. A yau yana nan a matsayin USA Health University Hospital, cibiyar rauni ta mataki na 1 kawai a yankin kuma babban asibitin koyarwa ne ga Kwalejin Magunguna ta Jami'ar Kudancin Alabama. == Bayyanawa == Ginin an yi shi da tubali mai kauri, mai hawa biyu a saman ginshiki mai tsayi. Yana da dogon falon gaba mai kusurwa huɗu tare da baranda mai siffar hexa wanda aka gina a tsakiyarsa da ginshiƙan Doric masu tsayi waɗanda ke ɗauke da cikakken shinge da shinge a gaban ginin.. Gidajen suna buɗewa a kan matakai biyu na tashoshi a bayan ginshiƙi. == Manazarta == d6y9vg4gq2qqr20lviwzllzrcip7ijj 3 178864 966112 2026-10-11T09:47:45Z S.Marchenko 48235 S.Marchenko moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Domoso55]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Hybxhh]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Domoso55|Domoso55]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Hybxhh|Hybxhh]]" 966112 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Hybxhh]] pc62s90131b9440imbnr389l2e6vdxx