Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3676 966944 891989 2026-10-12T20:16:22Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377981734|Fog desert]]" 966944 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nebelbank_in_der_Wüste_Namib_bei_Aus_(2018).jpg|thumb|Haushi daga Tekun Atlantika ya sauya kilomita 100 zuwa gabas zuwa Namib-Desert zuwa Aus&nbsp;<br /><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|39|01|S|016|14|36|E}}]] '''hamada''' mai hazo wani nau'in hamada ne inda hazo ke samar da mafi yawan danshi da ake buƙata ga dabbobi da shuke-shuke. Misalan hamadar hazo sun haɗa da hamadar Atacama ta bakin teku [[Chile]] da [[Peru]]; hamadar Baja California ta [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]; hamadar Namib a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]; <ref name="Mares" /> hamadar hazo ta bakin teku ta Larabawa; da kuma misali da mutum ya yi a cikin Biosphere 2, wani rufe yanayin halittu na wucin gadi a [[Arizona]]. [[File:Fog_desert_Lima_and_Trujillo,_Peru.jpg|thumb|Yankin hamada tsakanin [[Lima]] da [[Trujillo|Trujillo, Peru]]. Ana iya ganin tsaunukan [[Andes]], waɗanda hazo ya rufe su, a bango.]] == Kafawa == [[Danshi|Rashin zafi]] a cikin iska mai hazo yana sama da 95%.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts3">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya samar da hazo a cikin hamada shine ta hanyar hulɗar iska mai zafi (kamar yadda aka kafa a sama da ruwa mai dumi) tare da wani abu mai sanyi, kamar dutse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref>Lokacin da iska mai dumi ta buge abubuwa masu sanyi, ana samar da hazo ta hanyar kwantar da ruwa mai narkewa. Wata hanyar da hazo ke faruwa a cikin hamada tana faruwa ne lokacin da hamada ke kusa da teku wanda ke da sanyi. Lokacin da iska ta yi zafi a kan ƙasar hamada kuma ta hura zuwa ga ruwan sanyi a cikin teku, sai ta taru kuma ta zama hazo. Sa'an nan kuma iska ta teku ta hura hazo mai sanyi a cikin ƙasa. Ana samar da hazo da sassafe ko bayan faɗuwar rana.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref> Canje-canje masu tsanani a tsawo kamar tsaunuka suna ba da damar iskar teku ta zauna a takamaiman yankuna, wanda shine halayyar gama gari a cikin hamada.<ref name="Rundel 493–505">{{Cite journal |last=Rundel |first=Philip W. |last2=Mahu |first2=Manuel |date=1976-01-01 |title=Community Structure and Diversity in a Coastal Fog Desert in Northern Chile |journal=Flora |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=493–505 |bibcode=1976FMDFE.165..493R |doi=10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31888-1}}</ref> Dutsen [[Andes]] wanda ke gudana a bakin tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka ya raba [[Chile]] da [[Peru]] zuwa yankuna na ciki da na bakin teku, kuma kusanci da teku tare da canji mai tsawo (kuma ta haka ne zafin jiki) yana ba da damar hazo ya zama (((((((((((Drastic changes in elevation such as mountain ranges allow for maritime winds to settle in specific geographic areas, which is a common characteristic in fog deserts.<ref name="Rundel 493–5052">{{Cite journal |last1=Rundel |first1=Philip W. |last2=Mahu |first2=Manuel |date=1976-01-01 |title=Community Structure and Diversity in a Coastal Fog Desert in Northern Chile |journal=Flora |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=493–505 |bibcode=1976FMDFE.165..493R |doi=10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31888-1}}</ref> The [[:en:Andes|Andes]] mountain range which runs along the Pacific coast of South America divides [[:en:Chile|Chile]] and [[:en:Peru|Peru]] into inland and coastal regions, and its proximity to the sea coupled with the steep change in elevation (and thus surface temperature) allows for fog to form along the Pacific coast and supply moisture to the otherwise [[:en:Aridity|arid]] desert))))))))tare da bakin tekun Pacifique kuma ya samar da danshi ga hamada mai bushewa. Yankin hamada na Atacama, hamada mafi bushewa a duniya, yana da alamun [[Lomas]], wuraren da hazo ke taruwa a kan gangaren tsaunuka kusa da teku kuma yana haifar da "muguwa" tare da yawan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-03 |title=Yungay – the driest place in the world {{!}} Wondermondo |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315062440/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |archive-date=2013-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-06 |website=www.wondermondo.com |language=en}}</ref> Shuke-shuke na shuke-shuka ya bambanta sosai, daga ɗaukar hoto har zuwa 50% a cikin yankunan da suka fi hazo zuwa kusan kusan rashin rayuwar shuke- shuke-tsuke sama da layin hazo.<ref name="Rundel 493–505" /> A cikin hamadar hazo mai bushewa tare da ƙananan matakan hazo, hazo yana ba da danshi da ake buƙata don ci gaban noma. Bambancin zafi a ko'ina cikin rana da lokutan a cikin yankin hamada yana ƙarfafa ci gaban bambancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke da halaye irin su succulents, nau'ukan deciduous, da bishiyoyi masu katako. == Muhalli == Nau'uka da ke cikin hamadar hazo sun dogara kusan gaba ɗaya akan ruwan da ke cikin hazo don tsira. Wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da sauye-sauye daban-daban na tsari da halayyar kwayoyin halitta don tattara ruwa.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts2">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Kwango na Stenocara, wanda ke zaune a cikin hamadar Namib, yana hawa kan yashi lokacin da iska mai laushi ke hurawa daga teku don samun damar ruwan da ke cikin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Misali na tsire-tsire da ke daidaitawa da yanayin hamada shine nau'in ''Welwitschia'' wanda kuma ke girma a cikin hamadar Namib kuma yana girma kawai ganye biyu ta hanyar rayuwarsa. Shafuka suna da manyan pores don taimakawa shi shan ruwa daga hazo da ke tasowa a kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper-Driver |first=Gillian A. |year=1994 |title=''Welwitschia mirabilis''—A Dream Come True |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42954456 |journal=Arnoldia |volume=54 |pages=2–10 |doi=10.5962/p.258485 |jstor=42954456 |access-date=8 June 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mutanen da ke zaune a Namib sun dogara da dabarun [[Tarihin hazo|tattara ruwa daga hazo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Ana haɓaka fasahohi da yawa don taimakawa wajen cire ruwa daga iska ta hamada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Made for Minds |url=http://www.dw.com/en/why-life-thrives-in-the-foggy-namib-desert/a-39622196 |website=DW}}</ref> Masu girbi na hazo suna fuskantar ci gaba bisa ga lura da daidaitawar wasu daga cikin halittu a cikin hamadar hazo kamar kwari na Stenocara. Na'urorin da ake haɓaka don cire ruwa daga hamadar iska suna amfani da lu'ulu'u na ƙarfe-organic don kamawa da riƙe kwayoyin ruwa lokacin da aka fallasa su ga iska da dare. Da safe, ana yanke iskar iska kuma ruwan da aka tattara da dare da ya gabata ana narke shi ta hanyar hasken rana sannan a kwantar da shi cikin ruwa mai ruwa lokacin da ya bug mai sanyayawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Robert |date=2017-04-13 |title=This new solar-powered device can pull water straight from the desert air |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/new-solar-powered-device-can-pull-water-straight-desert-air |website=science mag}}</ref>   == Bayanan da aka ambata == 13bgr8jkox4nwmr8ibf0dsvnts4cyt2 966945 966944 2026-10-12T20:18:23Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 966945 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nebelbank_in_der_Wüste_Namib_bei_Aus_(2018).jpg|thumb|Haushi daga Tekun Atlantika ya sauya kilomita 100 zuwa gabas zuwa Namib-Desert zuwa Aus&nbsp;<br /><templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|26|39|01|S|016|14|36|E}}]] '''hamada''' mai hazo wani nau'in hamada ne inda hazo ke samar da mafi yawan danshi da ake buƙata ga dabbobi da shuke-shuke. Misalan hamadar hazo sun haɗa da hamadar Atacama ta bakin teku [[Chile]] da [[Peru]]; hamadar Baja California ta [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]; hamadar Namib a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]; <ref name="Mares" /> hamadar hazo ta bakin teku ta Larabawa; da kuma misali da mutum ya yi a cikin Biosphere 2, wani rufe yanayin halittu na wucin gadi a [[Arizona]]. [[File:Fog_desert_Lima_and_Trujillo,_Peru.jpg|thumb|Yankin hamada tsakanin [[Lima]] da [[Trujillo|Trujillo, Peru]]. Ana iya ganin tsaunukan [[Andes]], waɗanda hazo ya rufe su, a bango.]] == Kafawa == [[Danshi|Rashin zafi]] a cikin iska mai hazo yana sama da 95%.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts3">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya samar da hazo a cikin hamada shine ta hanyar hulɗar iska mai zafi (kamar yadda aka kafa a sama da ruwa mai dumi) tare da wani abu mai sanyi, kamar dutse.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref>Lokacin da iska mai dumi ta buge abubuwa masu sanyi, ana samar da hazo ta hanyar kwantar da ruwa mai narkewa. Wata hanyar da hazo ke faruwa a cikin hamada tana faruwa ne lokacin da hamada ke kusa da teku wanda ke da sanyi. Lokacin da iska ta yi zafi a kan ƙasar hamada kuma ta hura zuwa ga ruwan sanyi a cikin teku, sai ta taru kuma ta zama hazo. Sa'an nan kuma iska ta teku ta hura hazo mai sanyi a cikin ƙasa. Ana samar da hazo da sassafe ko bayan faɗuwar rana.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Meigs|first1=Peveril|title=Geography of Coastal Deserts|publisher=UNESCO|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000691/069122eo.pdf}}</ref> Canje-canje masu tsanani a tsawo kamar tsaunuka suna ba da damar iskar teku ta zauna a takamaiman yankuna, wanda shine halayyar gama gari a cikin hamada.<ref name="Rundel 493–505">{{Cite journal |last=Rundel |first=Philip W. |last2=Mahu |first2=Manuel |date=1976-01-01 |title=Community Structure and Diversity in a Coastal Fog Desert in Northern Chile |journal=Flora |volume=165 |issue=6 |pages=493–505 |bibcode=1976FMDFE.165..493R |doi=10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31888-1}}</ref> Dutsen [[Andes]] wanda ke gudana a bakin tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka ya raba [[Chile]] da [[Peru]] zuwa yankuna na ciki da na bakin teku, kuma kusanci da teku tare da canji mai tsawo (kuma ta haka ne zafin jiki) yana ba da damar hazo ya zama tare da bakin tekun Pacifique kuma ya samar da danshi ga hamada mai bushewa. Yankin hamada na Atacama, hamada mafi bushewa a duniya, yana da alamun [[Lomas]], wuraren da hazo ke taruwa a kan gangaren tsaunuka kusa da teku kuma yana haifar da "muguwa" tare da yawan nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-03 |title=Yungay – the driest place in the world {{!}} Wondermondo |url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315062440/http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/SA/Chile/Antofagasta/Yungay.htm |archive-date=2013-03-15 |access-date=2017-05-06 |website=www.wondermondo.com |language=en}}</ref> Shuke-shuke na shuke-shuka ya bambanta sosai, daga ɗaukar hoto har zuwa 50% a cikin yankunan da suka fi hazo zuwa kusan kusan rashin rayuwar shuke- shuke-tsuke sama da layin hazo.<ref name="Rundel 493–505" /> A cikin hamadar hazo mai bushewa tare da ƙananan matakan hazo, hazo yana ba da danshi da ake buƙata don ci gaban noma. Bambancin zafi a ko'ina cikin rana da lokutan a cikin yankin hamada yana ƙarfafa ci gaban bambancin nau'ikan shuke-shuke da halaye irin su succulents, nau'ukan deciduous, da bishiyoyi masu katako. == Muhalli == Nau'uka da ke cikin hamadar hazo sun dogara kusan gaba ɗaya akan ruwan da ke cikin hazo don tsira. Wannan ya haifar da ci gaba da sauye-sauye daban-daban na tsari da halayyar kwayoyin halitta don tattara ruwa.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Deserts2">{{cite book|last1=Norte|first1=Federico|title=Encyclopedia of Deserts|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3146-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3CbqZtaF4oC|year=1999}}</ref>Kwango na Stenocara, wanda ke zaune a cikin hamadar Namib, yana hawa kan yashi lokacin da iska mai laushi ke hurawa daga teku don samun damar ruwan da ke cikin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Misali na tsire-tsire da ke daidaitawa da yanayin hamada shine nau'in ''Welwitschia'' wanda kuma ke girma a cikin hamadar Namib kuma yana girma kawai ganye biyu ta hanyar rayuwarsa. Shafuka suna da manyan pores don taimakawa shi shan ruwa daga hazo da ke tasowa a kansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper-Driver |first=Gillian A. |year=1994 |title=''Welwitschia mirabilis''—A Dream Come True |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42954456 |journal=Arnoldia |volume=54 |pages=2–10 |doi=10.5962/p.258485 |jstor=42954456 |access-date=8 June 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mutanen da ke zaune a Namib sun dogara da dabarun [[Tarihin hazo|tattara ruwa daga hazo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Museum Australia |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020061654/https://www.nma.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/19421/Extremes_desert_science.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2017-11-25 |website=Extremes: Survival in the Great Deserts of the Southern Hemisphere |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> Ana haɓaka fasahohi da yawa don taimakawa wajen cire ruwa daga iska ta hamada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Made for Minds |url=http://www.dw.com/en/why-life-thrives-in-the-foggy-namib-desert/a-39622196 |website=DW}}</ref> Masu girbi na hazo suna fuskantar ci gaba bisa ga lura da daidaitawar wasu daga cikin halittu a cikin hamadar hazo kamar kwari na Stenocara. Na'urorin da ake haɓaka don cire ruwa daga hamadar iska suna amfani da lu'ulu'u na ƙarfe-organic don kamawa da riƙe kwayoyin ruwa lokacin da aka fallasa su ga iska da dare. Da safe, ana yanke iskar iska kuma ruwan da aka tattara da dare da ya gabata ana narke shi ta hanyar hasken rana sannan a kwantar da shi cikin ruwa mai ruwa lokacin da ya bug mai sanyayawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Robert |date=2017-04-13 |title=This new solar-powered device can pull water straight from the desert air |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/new-solar-powered-device-can-pull-water-straight-desert-air |website=science mag}}</ref>   == Bayanan da aka ambata == 0331ewd1l2fuayimr4ug6ex7que38dy 8 4303 966907 837892 2026-10-12T18:06:34Z Ladsgroup 3683 Remove deprecated option ([[phab:T298199]]) 966907 wikitext text/x-wiki == wikimedia-hausa == * WikimediaHausaApp [package|dependencies=vue,@wikimedia/codex,mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api|type=general|default|codexIcons=cdxIconClose] | WikimediaHausaApp.js | WikimediaHausaApp/main.vue | WikimediaHausaApp/states.json | WikimediaHausaApp/config.json | WikimediaHausaApp/i18n.json == others == * RTRC[ResourceLoader]|RTRC.js *Twinkle[dependencies=mediawiki.user,mediawiki.util,jquery.ui,moment|rights=autoconfirmed]|morebits.js|morebits.css|Twinkle.js|twinkleprod.js|twinkleimage.js|twinklebatchundelete.js|twinklewarn.js|twinkleblock.js|twinklespeedy.js|friendlyshared.js|twinklediff.js|twinkleunlink.js|friendlytag.js|twinkledeprod.js|friendlywelcome.js|twinklexfd.js|twinklebatchdelete.js|twinklebatchprotect.js|twinkleconfig.js|twinklefluff.js|twinkleprotect.js|twinklearv.js|friendlytalkback.js s0yxtghttvexkv92taya1m89epwmul2 967078 966907 2026-10-13T07:54:39Z Ladsgroup 3683 Remove deprecated option ([[phab:T298199]]) 967078 wikitext text/x-wiki == wikimedia-hausa == * WikimediaHausaApp [package|dependencies=vue,@wikimedia/codex,mediawiki.util,mediawiki.api|type=general|default|codexIcons=cdxIconClose] | WikimediaHausaApp.js | WikimediaHausaApp/main.vue | WikimediaHausaApp/states.json | WikimediaHausaApp/config.json | WikimediaHausaApp/i18n.json == others == * RTRC|RTRC.js *Twinkle[dependencies=mediawiki.user,mediawiki.util,jquery.ui,moment|rights=autoconfirmed]|morebits.js|morebits.css|Twinkle.js|twinkleprod.js|twinkleimage.js|twinklebatchundelete.js|twinklewarn.js|twinkleblock.js|twinklespeedy.js|friendlyshared.js|twinklediff.js|twinkleunlink.js|friendlytag.js|twinkledeprod.js|friendlywelcome.js|twinklexfd.js|twinklebatchdelete.js|twinklebatchprotect.js|twinkleconfig.js|twinklefluff.js|twinkleprotect.js|twinklearv.js|friendlytalkback.js 1wsldk4ab0739bmyo67zhmsrd08ipo2 3 6214 967087 964543 2026-10-13T10:06:25Z ~2026-55236-22 50005 /* NEMAN TAIMAKON YAN UWA MUSULMAI */ sabon sashe 967087 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa == Hi, Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia. Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived. Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!), --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC) :Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. :Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC) ::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) :Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC) :samaan :Hausa :@[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39981-47|&#126;2026-39981-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39981-47|talk]]) 13:46, 16 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Help == I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC) ==Translation of three sentences== Dear Ammarpad, I hope this finds you well. [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) *@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Facebook page == Dear Ammar, Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia] Thanks a lot, Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC) :Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC) == Neman Admin == Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]] :[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC) ::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]]. :::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == [[AuwalAzare]] == This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Auwal Azare == Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == help == Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles. It's hard to me. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC) :@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''<nowiki><ref> .......</ref> </nowiki>''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (<ref>misali</ref>). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC) == Databox == Hi Ammar, Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this! By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles). I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the "labels" system. Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and do the appropriate thing. By the way, I am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki == I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of "Abubakar A Gwanki" why is being deleted? Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) ::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) == Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif == Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. :Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) == Godiya == Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode :{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC) aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune Lamba: 08160956607 Gari: kano Nigeria == [[Kira]] == Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) :Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC) == David oyedepo == Wanene crista == WAM 2018 == Salam Ammarpad, Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC) == Hausa Wikimedians User Group == Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) :Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC) Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) :Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) ::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) ::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC) == Moustapha == Hakananna sai nayi nazari == I-mel == Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. Na gode. [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC) narda == Gyara == Barka da rana! Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) :{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa "Babban shafi" da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC) == gidanhaki == Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa Assalam == Kwankwaso,s wife == Kwankwaso,s wife == Various requests == Hello, Could you please: *Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes. *Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]]. *Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): **[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]. **[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]. Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC) == Alijos A Shehu == Sunan DUNiYA == Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa == Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia :{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina <code>ammar@wikimedia.org.ng</code>. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC) == Muhamadu == Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL == yusuf == Ibrahim == sa idu musa == riji yan gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu kano == sa idu musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu IP == Yayi daidai kobaiyiba awayar mindakai == 88465702 == Kaka ari == layisantara == lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura sunwajan gari shadam bu == Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai == Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna == babani == 112202 == Translation == I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks. == ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state == barkanku DA fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire == Neman taimako == Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode. Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC) Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi == Facebook Wkslm lafiya kalau == 0852 == Aa == Aliyu iliyasu dangada == Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin muna jinjina maka matuka very good, [[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) :Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == ismail == Labaran duniya == Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun == Barkan muda warhaka! :Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC) == na kirkira mukala == Ya zan sanya reference ::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC) == From == Ghy == J k musa yaro == Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa == mansir isah == unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state Crawle == aminuidris0808811 == aminuiris == Auwal dalladi kargi == An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000 == Databox == Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta <nowiki>{{databox}}</nowiki> ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) ==Neman shawara== Masha Allah Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad. Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka. A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame. Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) :Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka. :Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia. :Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC) <u>ja layi</u> COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Jami u lawal == Allah yajikan zulaihatu == Databox == Barka da safe, Ammar, Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add "databox" to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) :Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf == Kaura ne katsina SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG RUGGAR MONDE AR == Abia == Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA == FUNAKAA == FUNAKAA agaskiya inada tambaya to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki == Gaisuwa == Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) :Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Usman abubakar == Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita == ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar == Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == maganin daji == maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Ali musa == An haife shi Chida ga watan Oktoba 1986 cikin@ gari gidan kube @ dake jahar maradi [[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Rigar kusa == "Rigar kusa" kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state. Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne. Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu. Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury. == Ghana Boy 055 == Chapiou @ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) == ALIYO == BORNO == Namespaces == Hi! You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&diff=213527&oldid=181184 emptied] the page "Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma" some time ago. There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&oldid=181178#Namespaces You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good? Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Shehu gibirima == Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Salisu garba == Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru == Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC) == ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA == KADUNA == Bbca == A == HAUSA RIGAR SILKE == DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) == shaaibu == JIGAWA == SHEHU USMANU == GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA == AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia == Hello brother, I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country. I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. :I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) ::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email. [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == 7 == uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2025-29458-90|&#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Taba nono na mace == Lawan abdulhamid == Lawan abdulhamid kano MIYzansa == Nakasa yin rijista == Nakasa yin rajista miyasane == SLM == SLM == Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa == 08142754552 Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11554-74|&#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji == suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-11940-32|&#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Dodik == imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12770-62|&#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == Tarihin fulani daneji == danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-12974-74|&#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) == NURA FADA MUHAMMED == assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku == inason zuwa gambiya == neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13669-78|&#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-13801-80|&#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Usmanisah01234@gmail.com == Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14055-73|&#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == AISHA ABDULLAHI == assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa == Abdul Aziz == Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14413-94|&#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == YAHAYA MUSA == 6/3/2026 Ni atemakeni bandasanaa == Isah Abubakar == kaduna steste nigeria inaneman temaku kudi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14783-76|&#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Help == Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah == Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-14911-34|&#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == INASONASHIGA == WALLAHI == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Alkasim == alkasim [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15496-73|&#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-15494-30|&#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Auwalu mansur gaya == A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata == Block review == Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block. The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block. :I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Jimi boi gk == Washer boi == (Ibrahim bako) == Bissimillahi rahamani rahim == Zanshuga == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17709-67|&#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-17806-26|&#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == I need to edit == yusuf bin shaik [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-18422-17|&#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Dari daya == Litafi dari daya == Gali == Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu == ALI ISA JC NAWA == CHAM == Sai anjima == sai anjima [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19045-00|&#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == xxwxx == pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-19636-09|&#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Masaudu == Ina son koyon NAHAWU [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20180-81|&#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ina bukatar taimakonku == Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20156-98|&#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. == Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20503-90|&#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Learning physics topics == Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20678-19|&#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == ١٢٣٤٥ == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20875-04|&#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Chrome == روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-20860-61|&#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Inason shiga kasara == yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21619-45|&#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Fty == Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21613-47|&#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alikirashi45 == alikirashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-21759-98|&#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Jibril auwal hamza == Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan == Usseni. Ibbirashim == 08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23155-49|&#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Correction == The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area. Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23654-39|&#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Ahmad Rufai == Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-23571-21|&#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Sutura == Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Misali kasa ko bishyu haka == Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24499-81|&#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Alhamdu lillah == masha Allah [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-24815-45|&#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Itaciyyar zamani == shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-25442-87|&#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Ahamad Abba == Ahamad Abba [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29423-27|&#126;2026-29423-27]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29423-27|talk]]) 10:10, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Nazifi == abdullashi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29619-62|&#126;2026-29619-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29619-62|talk]]) 23:58, 16 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Dan Allah Ina so na koya likitsnci == Abdulrrhaman [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-29631-59|&#126;2026-29631-59]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-29631-59|talk]]) 06:30, 17 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Brk == a [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-30415-61|&#126;2026-30415-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-30415-61|talk]]) 23:44, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == 9044000454 == abdusammd Ali OPAY [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32331-29|&#126;2026-32331-29]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32331-29|talk]]) 02:02, 31 Mayu 2026 (UTC) == Taya zanbude account dazan temaka == ina neman Karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32735-01|&#126;2026-32735-01]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32735-01|talk]]) 07:13, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne wanda ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifi bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan == Assalamu alaikum Ni ina neman taimako ne ga waɗanda Allah ya horewa su taimaka min Ni ɗaliba ce jami'ar northwest Ina a level 3 yanxu ina neman taimako ne gameda transport fee yanxu haka kusan watanmu biyu da komawa amma ban taba zuwa ba sakamakon yanayi mahaifina bayada ƙarfi ina danyin sanaa to bawani ƙarfi tayi ba koda an saka jarin makaranta ke cinyewa nice babba awajan iyayena inada qanne da dan dama abinda za'aci arana dakyar ake samun ci biyu wanda yake ɗan taimaka min kuma shima yanxu nauyi yamasa yawa gashi ina gab da kammalawa ina matakin aji uku yanxu bana yin social media sosae Whatsapp kadai nake bansan inda xansameku bane sai nan [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32562-31|&#126;2026-32562-31]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32562-31|talk]]) 12:49, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Reuben lover gwamma == [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-32944-08|&#126;2026-32944-08]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-32944-08|talk]]) 05:26, 4 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Bala sani == sani [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:44, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Umar m sharif == yane [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-33592-03|&#126;2026-33592-03]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-33592-03|talk]]) 20:48, 6 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == oumr sama == Gazaou [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-34357-62|&#126;2026-34357-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-34357-62|talk]]) 20:05, 10 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim Abdullah dangamau == kusada lg katsina state [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:55, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == 8126141543 opay bank Ibrahim Abdullahi == 8126141543 opay Ibrahim Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36380-21|&#126;2026-36380-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36380-21|talk]]) 21:58, 22 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ina tambaya ne game da cikakken tarihin masarautar Jama'are == tarihin masarautar Jama'are [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-36511-04|&#126;2026-36511-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-36511-04|talk]]) 21:29, 23 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim sani == nace ina da tambaya ne game da littafin tarin hausa barbie in same shi ne akwai yadda zan yi in samu littafan tarin hausa kamar taya na gizo zaku iya gano ta yadda zan samu shi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37548-11|&#126;2026-37548-11]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37548-11|talk]]) 11:58, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Mai bincike == idan nasadu damai hiv da condom bayan hiv wani gwaji yadace nayi idan inajin badaidaiba Ajikina [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37555-93|&#126;2026-37555-93]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37555-93|talk]]) 12:20, 30 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Ibrahim haruna == azare [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-37948-19|&#126;2026-37948-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-37948-19|talk]]) 17:18, 2 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Maradi == bonne nuit [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:33, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Assalam alaikoum barkamu da warhaka == helle [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38771-90|&#126;2026-38771-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38771-90|talk]]) 22:39, 8 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 49565314543 == Saifuallhi usaini [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 00:51, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Nin nombadinayasamumsala == Nin nombadinayasamumsala [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:01, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 == Inaso ajaramin49565314543 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-38738-33|&#126;2026-38738-33]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-38738-33|talk]]) 01:03, 9 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == bak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:17, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:49, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu Fesbak,1,000 == @ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:24, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 3233746701,banana, Ahmadu fesbak,1,000 [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 23:58, 14 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) :@ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-39619-81|&#126;2026-39619-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-39619-81|talk]]) 00:02, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki == Menene Dalilin Sallar cika ciki [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40126-77|&#126;2026-40126-77]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40126-77|talk]]) 21:27, 15 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) california se hamare saath ho raha hai hum kaise pata karengovernmenttaxforcecalifornia@gmail.com [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-40691-12|&#126;2026-40691-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-40691-12|talk]]) 17:32, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Batu == safiya [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42392-57|&#126;2026-42392-57]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42392-57|talk]]) 18:07, 31 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Auwal Abubakar == Auwal Abubakar Abdullahi [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-42968-66|&#126;2026-42968-66]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-42968-66|talk]]) 12:02, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) == mouhammadousirajo4@gmail.com == mouhammadou [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-46209-95|&#126;2026-46209-95]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-46209-95|talk]]) 09:05, 24 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) == Husaini Hassana Husaini == @ [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47716-12|&#126;2026-47716-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47716-12|talk]]) 08:57, 1 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Yar abbanta == al ummata [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47594-41|&#126;2026-47594-41]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47594-41|talk]]) 16:25, 2 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == مريم بنت سراج == Allah y karawa annabi daraja [[Musamman:Contributions/&#126;2026-47594-41|&#126;2026-47594-41]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&#126;2026-47594-41|talk]]) 16:30, 2 Satumba 2026 (UTC) allah gafarta malam Ina tambayane akan israi da mi iraji shin annabi yaga Allah wani malamin yace duk Wanda yace annabi yaga Allah hadisin shi nada rauni dan Allah muna son karin bayani [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-48750-15|~2026-48750-15]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-48750-15|talk]]) 20:02, 9 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Sheikh == ibn [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51225-37|~2026-51225-37]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51225-37|talk]]) 22:54, 22 Satumba 2026 (UTC) Assalamualaikum warhamdullahi''akarmukalla ina dambaya wanne sahabine yace shine zakin Allah Kuma zakin Manzon Allah s a w<nowiki>''</nowiki>'' [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51091-35|~2026-51091-35]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51091-35|talk]]) 05:26, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Allah kasadamu Manzon Allah == Allah karama annabi daraja [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51091-35|~2026-51091-35]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51091-35|talk]]) 23:34, 23 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Aljanna makoma == Aljanna makoma [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51600-55|~2026-51600-55]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51600-55|talk]]) 05:55, 24 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Parsamet == parsamet [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-51966-06|~2026-51966-06]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-51966-06|talk]]) 15:39, 27 Satumba 2026 (UTC) == Tambaya == wace shiya ce ake kira gidan dikko a cikin sokoto [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-53210-05|~2026-53210-05]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-53210-05|talk]]) 13:21, 2 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Kamilu tasiu == 9031238946 [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-53877-71|~2026-53877-71]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-53877-71|talk]]) 22:38, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Comptebdkdbd@gmail.com == a [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-54115-16|~2026-54115-16]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-54115-16|talk]]) 23:21, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == NEMAN TAIMAKON YAN UWA MUSULMAI == MUNA DA WATA YAR UWA MARAINIYA MAI MATSALAR KODA DUK SATI ANA YI MATA WANKIN KODA DAN ALLAH KU TAIMAKA ACHE CI WAN NAR BAIWAR ALLAH GA ACCOUNT NUMBERTA 4913077697 SHAHIDA YUSUF ECO BANK [[Musamman:Contributions/~2026-55236-22|~2026-55236-22]] ([[Tattaunawar user:~2026-55236-22|talk]]) 10:06, 13 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) k9e2o5mqssdwj442i0bmpycoiboknob 0 8197 967062 961736 2026-10-13T06:02:22Z Baffa ali 47435 An kirkira ta fassara "Death" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378180991|Mansa Musa]]" 967062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mansamusa.jpg|thumb|mansa musa]] '''Musa Na''' ( c. - c. ), ko '''Mansa Musa''', shi ne ''Mansa na'' goma (wanda ake fassarawa "sultan", "mai nasara" <ref>Lapidus, Ira M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFJNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 ''A History of Islamic Societies'']. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 455.</ref> ko "sarki" ) na Daular Mali, kasar musulmai ta Afirka ta yamma. [[Fayil:Empire mansa musa.jpeg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] A lokacin da Musa ya hau kan karagar mulki, ƙasar Mali a bangare da yawa ta kuma ƙunshi yankin tsohuwar daular Ghana wacce kasar Mali ta ci galaba a kanta. Masarautar Mali ta kuma ƙunshi ƙasa wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] da kuma jihar ta [[Mali|Mali ta zamani]]. A zamanin mulkinsa, Musa ya riƙe muƙamai da yawa, kamar "Sarkin Melle", "Shugaban ma'adinan Wangara", kuma "Mai nasara akan Ghanata". Musa ya ci birane guda 24, tare da garuruwansu. A zamanin mulkin Musa, wataƙila Mali ce ta kasance mai samar da zinari mafi girma a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar Musa ɗaya daga mutane mafi arziki a tarihi. Koyaya, masu sharhi na zamani irin su mujallar ''Time'' sun kammala cewa babu ingantacciyar hanyar da za ta ƙayyade arzikin Musa. Musa gaba ɗaya ana kiransa ne da "Mansa Musa" a cikin rubuce-rubucen yamma da adabi. Sunansa kuma ya bayyana a matsayin "Kankou Musa", "Kankan Musa", "" Kanku Musa ". Sauran sunayen da Musa ya yi amfani da su sun hada da "Mali-Koy Kankan Musa", "Gonga Musa", da "Zakin Mali". == Zuri'a da kuma kaiwa ga kujeran mulki == [[File:Genealogy_kings_Mali_Empire.svg|right|thumb|350x350px| Tarihin sarakunan daular Masarauta dangane da tarihin [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] [14] ]] Abin da aka sani game da sarakunan masarautar ta Mali an karɓa daga rubuce-rubucen malaman larabawa, waɗanda suka hada da Al-Umari, Abu-sa'id Uthman ad-Dukkali, [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]], da [[Ibn Battuta]] . Dangane da cikakken tarihin Ibn-Khaldun na sarakunan Mali, kakan Mansa Musa shi ne Abu-Bakr Keita (larabci dai-dai yake da Bakari ko Bogari, sunan asalin da ba'a sani ba - ba [[Sahabban Annabi|sahabiyy]] [[Abubakar|Abu Bakr]] ) ba, dan dan Sundiata Keita ne, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Mali kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar labarun baka. Abu-Bakr bai hau gadon sarauta ba, kuma dansa, mahaifin Musa, Faga Laye, ba shi da wata mahimmanci a Tarihin Mali. Mansa Musa ya kuma hau gadon sarautar ne ta hanyar aiwatar da nadin mataimakin lokacin da wani sarki ya tafi aikin hajjin sa zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] ko kuma wani kokarin nasa, daga baya ya nada mataimakin a matsayin magaji. A cewar majiyar farko, an nada Musa mataimakin mataimakin Abubakari Keita II, sarkin da ke gabansa, wanda ya ba da rahoton yawon shakatawa don gano iyakokin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], kuma bai dawo ba. Masanin Larabawa-Masarautar Al-Umari <ref>Al-Umari 1927, ''Masalik al Absar fi Mamalik el-Amsar'', French translation by Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1927, pp. 59, 74–75. See also Qalqashandi, ''Subh al-A'sha, V'', 294.</ref> ya nakalto Mansa Musa kamar haka: <blockquote>[[File:Empire mansa musa.jpeg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] Mai mulkin da ya gabace ni bai yi imani da cewa ba zai yiwu a iya kaiwa ga iyakar tekun da ya mamaye duniya (yana nufin Atlantic), kuma yana so ya kai ga ƙarshen, kuma ya ci gaba da nacewa cikin ƙira. Don haka ya wadatar da jiragen ruwa ɗari biyu cike da mutane, kamar yadda sauran da yawa ke cike da zinari, ruwa da abinci isasshen da zai isa shekaru da yawa. Ya kuma umurci shugaban (mai martaba) da kar ya dawo har sai sun kai ƙarshen tekun, ko kuma idan sun ƙosar da abubuwan abinci da ruwan. Sun tashi. Kasancewar ba su tsawan lokaci mai tsawo, kuma, a karshe, jirgin ruwa daya ne ya dawo. A yayin tambayarmu, kyaftin din ya ce: 'Yarima, mun daɗe mun yi ta bincike, har sai da muka gani a tsakiyar teku kamar babban kogi yana guduna da ƙarfi. Jirgin jirgi na shine na karshe; wasu kuma suna gabana. Da zaran wani daga cikinsu ya isa wannan wuri, sai ya nutsar da shi cikin iskar guguwa kuma bai taɓa fitowa ba. Na yi tafiya da baya don tserewa wannan halin. ' Amma Sarkin Musulmi ba zai yarda da shi ba. Ya ba da umarnin a samar musu da jiragen ruwa dubu biyu domin shi da mutanensa, da kuma karin dubu daya domin ruwa da abinci. Sannan ya ba ni labarin gaskiya a lokacin rashi, kuma ya tafi tare da mutanensa a kan balaguron jirgin ruwa, ba zai dawo ba kuma ba alamar rayuwa. </blockquote> An kuma nada dan Musa magaji, Mansa Magha Keita a matsayin mataimaki a lokacin aikin hajjin Musa. == Musulunci da aikin hajji zuwa Makkah == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=From the far reaches of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[Indus River]], the faithful approached the city of Mecca. All had the same objective to worship together at the most sacred shrine of [[Islam]], the [[Kaaba]] in Mecca. One such traveler was Mansa Musa, [[Sultan]] of [[Mali]] in Western Africa. Mansa Musa had prepared carefully for the long journey he and his attendants would take. He was determined to travel not only for his own religious fulfillment but also for recruiting teachers and leaders so that his realms could learn more of the [[Muhammad|Prophet]]'s teachings.|source=–Mahmud Kati, ''Chronicle of the Seeker''}} Musa cikakken [[Musulmi]] ne mai ibada, [[Aikin Hajji|hajjinsa zuwa Makka ya]] sanya shi sananne a duk faɗin arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya . A wurin Musa, Islama ta kuma kasance "shigowa cikin al'adun duniyar ta gabashin [[Bahar Rum]]". Zai yi amfani da lokaci mai yawa don inganta ci gaban addini a cikin daular sa. Musa yayi hajjinsa tsakanin shekarar 1324 zuwa 1325. Ya procession rahoto hada 60,000 maza, duk saka kauri da kuma Persian siliki, ciki har da 12,000 bayi, wanda kowane kwashe {{Convert|4|lb}} na sandunan zinare, da kuma masu shelanda suna sanye da siliki, wadanda suke ɗaukar sandar zinare, da shirya dawakai, da jakunkuna. Musa ya samar da dukkan abubuwan bukata domin taron, ya ciyar da jama'a gaba daya maza da dabbobi. Waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] 80 waɗanda kowannensu ya ɗauki {{Convert|50|–|300|lb}} ƙurar ƙura. Musa ya ba talakawa zinarin da ya haɗu da su ta hanyar sa. Musa ba kawai ya ba wa biranen da ya bi ta kan hanyar zuwa [[Makkah|Makka ba]], ciki har da [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], har ma ya yi ciniki da zinare don kyautatuwa. An ruwaito cewa ya gina [[Masallaci|masallaci a]] kowace Juma'a.   [[File:Mansa Musa.jpg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] [[Fayil:Depiction of Abu Bakr ibn Umar al-Lamtuni (Catalan Atlas) (1).jpg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] Shaidun gani da ido da yawa sun tabbatar da tafiyar Musa, yayin da suke kan hanyarsa, waɗanda ke tsoron arzikinsa da tarin yawa, kuma akwai bayanai a wurare da yawa, gami da mujallu, bayanan baka, da kuma tarihai. Musa ya ziyarci Mamluk sultan na Masar, Al-Nasir Muhammad, a Yuli 1324. Duk da irin yanayin da yake bayarwa, dumbin kudaden da Musa ya bayar da gudummawa da yalwa ya janyo da koma baya na zinare tsawon shekaru goma. A cikin biranen Alkahira, Madina, da Makka, kwararar zinare ta bazata ta lalata darajar karfe sosai. Farashin kayayyaki ya yawaita. Wannan kuskuren ya bayyana ga Musa kuma a hanyarsa ta dawowa daga Makka, ya karɓi zinaren da zai iya ɗauka daga masu sayarwa amatsayin bashi da zai biya nan gaba da daraja sosai. Wannan ne kawai lokacin a cikin tarihi cewa mutum ɗaya kai tsaye ya iya sarrafa farashin gwal a cikin Meditareniya . Wasu masana tarihi sun yarda cewa aikin hajji ba shi da wata ma'ana ga addini fiye da mai da hankalin duniya zuwa ga halin da ake ciki a Mali. Irƙirar koma bayan wannan girman yana da ma'ana. Bayan haka, Alkahira shine babbar kasuwar gwal a lokacin (inda mutane suka je siyan dumbin zinare). Don mayar da waɗannan kasuwannin zuwa Timbuktu ko [[Gao (gari)|Gao]], Musa da farko ya shafi tattalin arzikin zinare na Alkahira. Duk da yake wannan da'awar yana zama mai shimfiɗa,   Musa sanya wata babbar batu na nuna a kashe ya al'umma dũkiya. Manufar sa shine ya kirkiro wani abu kuma yayi nasara sosai a cikin wannan, har ya sanya kansa da Mali a cikin Atlas na Catalan na 1375. Hakanan yana samun ziyarar daga sananniyar matafiyin duniyar Musulmi, [[Ibn Battuta]] . == Sunan da lakabi/mallaka == ''Mansa'', 'mai mulki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> ko 'sarki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|MacBrair|1873}}</ref> a Mandé, shine taken mai mulkar Daular Mali. A cikin al'adar baki da ''Tarihin Timbuktu'', Musa an fi sanin sa da Kanku Musa . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bell|1972}}</ref>Al-Yafii ya ba da sunan Musa a matsayin Musa ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abi al-Aswad (-language romanization">''Mūsā ibn Abī Bakr ibn Abī al-Aswad''<nowiki>"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Arabic_language" id="mwlg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic: موسى بن إس بكر بن عبد الأسود, Mūsā ibn Abī Bakr ibn Abī al-Asw), kuma </nowiki>[[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]] ya ba da sunayen Musa a matsayin Мusa ibn Abi Bakri Salim al-Takruri (Arabic), Mūsā Ibn Abīr Salim al.{{Sfn|Collet|2019}}{{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sau da yawa anama Musa lakabi da [[Alhaji|Hajji]] a cikin al'adar baki saboda ya yi [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]].{{Sfn|Niane|1959}}A cikin [[Harsunan Songhay|Harshen Songhai]], sarakunan Mali kamar Musa ana kiransu da Mali-''koi'', koi shine taken da ke isar da iko a kan yanki: a wasu kalmomi, "mai mulkin Mali".<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> == Mulki daga baya == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=Whenever a hero adds to the list of his exploits from conquest, Mansa Musa gives them a pair of wide trousers...The greater the number of a Dogari's exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers.|source=–Al-Dukhari, observation of the court of Mansa Musa in [[Timbuktu]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Ruben G |url=https://csumb.academia.edu/RubenMendoza/Papers/318194/West_African_Empires_Dates_400-1591_C.E |title=Academia.edu &#124; West African Empires, Dates: 400–1591 C. E. &#124; Ruben G. Mendoza |publisher=Csumb.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=17 October 2012 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013107/https://www.academia.edu/353292/West_African_Empires_Dates_400_1591_C_E |url-status=dead }}</ref>''}} A cikin dogon dawowar sa daga Makka a cikin shekarar 1325, Musa ya ji labari cewa rundunarsa ta kama [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] . Sagmandia, daya daga cikin janarorinsa ne ya jagoranci ƙoƙarin. Garin Gao yana cikin daular tun kafin mulkin Sakura kuma ya kasance muhimmi - kodayake galibi yan tawaye ne - cibiyar kasuwanci. Musa ya yi shirin ba da agaji ya ziyarci garin da ya karɓi baƙi, 'ya'yan Gao guda biyu, Ali Kolon da Suleiman Nar. Ya koma Niani tare da yaran nan biyu kuma daga baya ya karantar dasu a kotu. Lokacin da Mansa Musa ya dawo, ya dawo da yawancin masanan larabawa da masu gine-gine. === Gine-gine a ƙasar Mali === Musa ya fara wani babban shiri na gini, yana inganta [[Masallaci|masallatai]] da madrasas a Timbuktu da Gao. Mafi mahimmanci, an gina tsohuwar cibiyar koyan Sankore Madrasah (ko Jami'ar Sankore) lokacin mulkinsa. A Niani, Musa ya gina zauren sauraron ra'ayoyi, wanda yake sadarwa ta ƙofar ciki ta zuwa gidan sarki. Shi ne "mai m Monument", surmounted da wani Dome kuma qawata da arabesques na daukan hankali launuka. Filin katako na katako daga saman bene aka dalaye shi da tsare; na ƙananan bene tare da zinariya. Kamar Babban Masallaci, wani tsayayyen tsari da tsari a Timbuktu, an gina Hall din da dutse ne. A wannan lokacin, an sami ci gaba na rayuwar birni a cikin manyan cibiyoyin Mali. Sergio Domian, wani masanin kimiyyar zane-zane na Italiya, ya rubuta game da wannan lokacin: "Ta haka kuma aka kafa harsashin wayewar gari. A lokacin da ƙarfinsa ya kasance, Mali tana da aƙalla birane 400, kuma yankin na Niger Delta yana da jama'a sosai. " [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb| Masallacin Djinguereber, wanda Mansa Musa ya ba da izini a cikin 1327 ]] === Tattalin arziki da ilimi === An kuma rubuta cewa Mansa Musa ya ratsa garuruwan Timbuktu da [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], kuma ya sanya su zama cikin daularsa lokacin da ya dawo a shekara ta 1325. Ya kawo masu zanen kaya daga Andalusia, yanki a Spain, da Alkahira don gina babban fadarsa a Timbuktu da kuma Babban Masallacin Djinguereber da har yanzu yake a yau. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 70.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba Timbuktu ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci, al'adu, da Musulunci; kasuwannin da aka shigo da su daga kasashen [[Hausawa|Hausaland]], Egypt, da sauran masarautun Afirka, an kafa jami'a a cikin gari (haka kuma a garuruwan Mali na Djenné da Ségou ), sannan kuma addinin musulunci ya yadu ta kasuwanni da jami'a, wanda ke sanya Timbuktu wani sabon yanki domin karatuttukan musulinci. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 74.</ref> Labarin birnin arziki na daular Maliki har ma ya ratsa tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Kudancin Turai, inda ba da daɗewa ba yan kasuwa daga Venice, [[Granada]], da [[Genoa]] sun kara da Timbuktu zuwa taswirar su don siyayya da kayayyaki na zinare. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 87–88.</ref> Jami'ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu ta kasance ta hannun Musa tare da masana kimiya, da masanan kimiyyar lissafi, da lissafi. Jami'ar ta zama cibiyar koyo da al'adu, tare da jawo hankalin musulmai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Timbuktu. A shekara ta 1330, masarautar Mossi ta mamaye ta kuma ci birnin Timbuktu. Janar Gao ya riga ya kama Gao, kuma Musa ya hanzarta sake daukar Timbuktu, ya gina shinge da katangar dutse, sannan ya sanya runduna ta tsaro don kare garin daga mamayewa nan gaba. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 80–81.</ref> Yayin da fadar Musa tun daga lokacin da ta shuɗe, har yanzu jami’ar da masallacin suna tsaye a Timbuktu. A ƙarshen mulkin Mansa Musa, an canza Sankoré jami'ar zuwa cikakken jami'a wanda ke da mafi yawan tarin littattafai a Afirka tun daga dakin karatu na Alexandria . Jami'ar Sankoré ta iya ɗaliban ɗaliban 25,000 kuma suna da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya tare da rubutun kusan 1,000,000. <ref>See: Said Hamdun & Noël King (edds.), ''Ibn Battuta in Black Africa.'' London, 1975, pp. 52–53.</ref> == Mutuwa == [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Masarautar Mali a lokacin rasuwar Mansa Musa. ]] Ranar mutuwar Mansa Musa an yi muhawara sosai tsakanin masana tarihi da masana Larabawa waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin ƙasar Mali. Idan aka kwatanta da zamanin magajinsa, dan Mansa Maghan (hukuncin da aka rubuta daga 1337 zuwa 1341) da babban dan'uwan Mansa Suleyman (dokar da aka rubuta daga 1341 zuwa 1360), da kuma tarihin Musa na shekaru 25, ranar da aka kirkiri mutuwarsa 1337. Wasu bayanan sun ce Musa ya yi niyyar kaurace wa dan nasa kursiyin, amma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya dawo daga Makka a 1325. A wani labarin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn-Khaldun ya ruwaito]], Mansa Musa yana da rai lokacin da aka ci birnin Tlemcen na Aljeriya a shekarar 1337, yayin da ya aiki wakili zuwa Algeria don taya murna ga masu nasara. [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Daular Mali a lokacin rasuwar Musa]] Ba a san ranar da Mansa Musa ya mutu ba. Ta amfani da tsawon mulkin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya ruwaito don ƙididdigewa daga mutuwar Mansa Suleyman a shekara ta 1360, da Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Duk da haka, Ibn Khaldun ya kuma ruwaito cewa Musa ya aika da wakili don taya Abu al-Hasan Ali murna kan nasarar da ya samu a [[Tlemcen]], wanda ya faru a watan Mayu na 1337, amma lokacin da Abu al-Hasan ya aika da wakili don mayar da martani, Musa ya mutu kuma Suleyman yana kan karagar mulki, yana nuna cewa Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1337. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Sabanin haka, al-Umari, yana rubuta shekaru goma sha biyu bayan hajjin Musa, a kusan shekara ta 1337, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} ya yi iƙirarin cewa Musa ya koma Mali da nufin yin hijira ya koma Makka ya zauna amma ya mutu kafin ya iya yin hakan, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} yana nuna cewa ya mutu tun kafin shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Mai yiyuwa ne a zahiri dan Musa Maghan ne ya taya Abu al-Hasan, ko kuma Maghan wanda ya karbi manzon Abu al-Hasan bayan rasuwar Musa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Wannan yiwuwar ta ƙarshe ta tabbata ne ta hanyar Ibn Khaldun yana kiran ɗan Suleyman Musa a cikin wannan nassin, yana nuna cewa wataƙila ya rikitar da ɗan Musa Suleyman da ɗan Musa Maghan. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} A madadin haka, yana yiwuwa a ce mulkin shekaru huɗu na Ibn Khaldun ya ambaci Maghan da ya yi magana a kan mulkinsa na Mali yayin da Musa yake tafiya aikin hajji, kuma ya yi mulki na ɗan lokaci ne kawai a cikin ikonsa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Nehemia Levtzion ya ɗauki 1337 a matsayin ranar da ta fi dacewa, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} wanda wasu malamai suka yarda da ita. {{Sfn|Sapong|2016}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Rashin tsibirai a bakin Kogin Kiso a Ise Bay an danganta shi da liquefaction da tsunami, wanda ya haifar da zamewa a kan Ise Bay da Ise Bay Mouth Faults, wanda ke ƙarƙashin teku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Bell, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Jaridar International Journal of African Tarihi, 5 : 221-223, JSTOR   217515 . * De Villiers, Marq, da Sheila Hirtle. ''Timbuktu: Birnin gwal na Sahara'' . Walker da Kamfanin: New York. 2007. * Goodwin, A. J .H. (1957), "The Medieval Empire of Ghana", Bulletin na Afirka Ta Kudu, 12 : 108-1, JSTOR   3886971 . * Hunwick, John O. (1999), Timbuktu da Daular Songhay: Al-Sadi ta Tarikh al-Sudan har zuwa 1613 da sauran takardu na zamani, Leiden: Brill, ISBN   <bdi> Hunwick, John O. </bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1963), "Sarakunan Mali na goma sha uku da goma sha huɗu", Journal of Tarihin Afirka, 4 : 341–353, doi : 10.1017 / s002185370000428x, JSTOR   180027 . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), Tsohuwar Ghana da Mali, London: Methuen, ISBN   <bdi> Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), </bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), Corpus na farkon Larabci tushe don Yammacin Afirka, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN   <bdi> Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), </bdi> . Aka fara bugawa a 1981. == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.ancient.eu/Mansa_Musa_I/ Encyclopedia Tarihin Tarihi - Mansa Musa I] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html Tashar Tarihi: Mansa Moussa: Hajji na Zinare] a archive.org * [https://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/exhibitions/2019/caravans-of-gold,-fragments-in-time-art,-culture,-and-exchange-across-medieval-saharan-africa.html Vwararrun Zinare, gmentsungiyoyi a Lokacin: Art, Al'adu, da musayar a tsakanin Saharan Afirka] * [[Category:Tarihin Mali]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 71nlvocy7ss3uk47vokjkhe39i5bd5c 967064 967062 2026-10-13T06:02:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Mutuwa */ 967064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mansamusa.jpg|thumb|mansa musa]] '''Musa Na''' ( c. - c. ), ko '''Mansa Musa''', shi ne ''Mansa na'' goma (wanda ake fassarawa "sultan", "mai nasara" <ref>Lapidus, Ira M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFJNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 ''A History of Islamic Societies'']. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 455.</ref> ko "sarki" ) na Daular Mali, kasar musulmai ta Afirka ta yamma. [[Fayil:Empire mansa musa.jpeg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] A lokacin da Musa ya hau kan karagar mulki, ƙasar Mali a bangare da yawa ta kuma ƙunshi yankin tsohuwar daular Ghana wacce kasar Mali ta ci galaba a kanta. Masarautar Mali ta kuma ƙunshi ƙasa wanda yanzu wani ɓangare ne na [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] da kuma jihar ta [[Mali|Mali ta zamani]]. A zamanin mulkinsa, Musa ya riƙe muƙamai da yawa, kamar "Sarkin Melle", "Shugaban ma'adinan Wangara", kuma "Mai nasara akan Ghanata". Musa ya ci birane guda 24, tare da garuruwansu. A zamanin mulkin Musa, wataƙila Mali ce ta kasance mai samar da zinari mafi girma a duniya, kuma ana ɗaukar Musa ɗaya daga mutane mafi arziki a tarihi. Koyaya, masu sharhi na zamani irin su mujallar ''Time'' sun kammala cewa babu ingantacciyar hanyar da za ta ƙayyade arzikin Musa. Musa gaba ɗaya ana kiransa ne da "Mansa Musa" a cikin rubuce-rubucen yamma da adabi. Sunansa kuma ya bayyana a matsayin "Kankou Musa", "Kankan Musa", "" Kanku Musa ". Sauran sunayen da Musa ya yi amfani da su sun hada da "Mali-Koy Kankan Musa", "Gonga Musa", da "Zakin Mali". == Zuri'a da kuma kaiwa ga kujeran mulki == [[File:Genealogy_kings_Mali_Empire.svg|right|thumb|350x350px| Tarihin sarakunan daular Masarauta dangane da tarihin [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] [14] ]] Abin da aka sani game da sarakunan masarautar ta Mali an karɓa daga rubuce-rubucen malaman larabawa, waɗanda suka hada da Al-Umari, Abu-sa'id Uthman ad-Dukkali, [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]], da [[Ibn Battuta]] . Dangane da cikakken tarihin Ibn-Khaldun na sarakunan Mali, kakan Mansa Musa shi ne Abu-Bakr Keita (larabci dai-dai yake da Bakari ko Bogari, sunan asalin da ba'a sani ba - ba [[Sahabban Annabi|sahabiyy]] [[Abubakar|Abu Bakr]] ) ba, dan dan Sundiata Keita ne, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Mali kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar labarun baka. Abu-Bakr bai hau gadon sarauta ba, kuma dansa, mahaifin Musa, Faga Laye, ba shi da wata mahimmanci a Tarihin Mali. Mansa Musa ya kuma hau gadon sarautar ne ta hanyar aiwatar da nadin mataimakin lokacin da wani sarki ya tafi aikin hajjin sa zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] ko kuma wani kokarin nasa, daga baya ya nada mataimakin a matsayin magaji. A cewar majiyar farko, an nada Musa mataimakin mataimakin Abubakari Keita II, sarkin da ke gabansa, wanda ya ba da rahoton yawon shakatawa don gano iyakokin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], kuma bai dawo ba. Masanin Larabawa-Masarautar Al-Umari <ref>Al-Umari 1927, ''Masalik al Absar fi Mamalik el-Amsar'', French translation by Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1927, pp. 59, 74–75. See also Qalqashandi, ''Subh al-A'sha, V'', 294.</ref> ya nakalto Mansa Musa kamar haka: <blockquote>[[File:Empire mansa musa.jpeg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] Mai mulkin da ya gabace ni bai yi imani da cewa ba zai yiwu a iya kaiwa ga iyakar tekun da ya mamaye duniya (yana nufin Atlantic), kuma yana so ya kai ga ƙarshen, kuma ya ci gaba da nacewa cikin ƙira. Don haka ya wadatar da jiragen ruwa ɗari biyu cike da mutane, kamar yadda sauran da yawa ke cike da zinari, ruwa da abinci isasshen da zai isa shekaru da yawa. Ya kuma umurci shugaban (mai martaba) da kar ya dawo har sai sun kai ƙarshen tekun, ko kuma idan sun ƙosar da abubuwan abinci da ruwan. Sun tashi. Kasancewar ba su tsawan lokaci mai tsawo, kuma, a karshe, jirgin ruwa daya ne ya dawo. A yayin tambayarmu, kyaftin din ya ce: 'Yarima, mun daɗe mun yi ta bincike, har sai da muka gani a tsakiyar teku kamar babban kogi yana guduna da ƙarfi. Jirgin jirgi na shine na karshe; wasu kuma suna gabana. Da zaran wani daga cikinsu ya isa wannan wuri, sai ya nutsar da shi cikin iskar guguwa kuma bai taɓa fitowa ba. Na yi tafiya da baya don tserewa wannan halin. ' Amma Sarkin Musulmi ba zai yarda da shi ba. Ya ba da umarnin a samar musu da jiragen ruwa dubu biyu domin shi da mutanensa, da kuma karin dubu daya domin ruwa da abinci. Sannan ya ba ni labarin gaskiya a lokacin rashi, kuma ya tafi tare da mutanensa a kan balaguron jirgin ruwa, ba zai dawo ba kuma ba alamar rayuwa. </blockquote> An kuma nada dan Musa magaji, Mansa Magha Keita a matsayin mataimaki a lokacin aikin hajjin Musa. == Musulunci da aikin hajji zuwa Makkah == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=From the far reaches of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[Indus River]], the faithful approached the city of Mecca. All had the same objective to worship together at the most sacred shrine of [[Islam]], the [[Kaaba]] in Mecca. One such traveler was Mansa Musa, [[Sultan]] of [[Mali]] in Western Africa. Mansa Musa had prepared carefully for the long journey he and his attendants would take. He was determined to travel not only for his own religious fulfillment but also for recruiting teachers and leaders so that his realms could learn more of the [[Muhammad|Prophet]]'s teachings.|source=–Mahmud Kati, ''Chronicle of the Seeker''}} Musa cikakken [[Musulmi]] ne mai ibada, [[Aikin Hajji|hajjinsa zuwa Makka ya]] sanya shi sananne a duk faɗin arewacin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya . A wurin Musa, Islama ta kuma kasance "shigowa cikin al'adun duniyar ta gabashin [[Bahar Rum]]". Zai yi amfani da lokaci mai yawa don inganta ci gaban addini a cikin daular sa. Musa yayi hajjinsa tsakanin shekarar 1324 zuwa 1325. Ya procession rahoto hada 60,000 maza, duk saka kauri da kuma Persian siliki, ciki har da 12,000 bayi, wanda kowane kwashe {{Convert|4|lb}} na sandunan zinare, da kuma masu shelanda suna sanye da siliki, wadanda suke ɗaukar sandar zinare, da shirya dawakai, da jakunkuna. Musa ya samar da dukkan abubuwan bukata domin taron, ya ciyar da jama'a gaba daya maza da dabbobi. Waɗannan dabbobin sun haɗa da [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] 80 waɗanda kowannensu ya ɗauki {{Convert|50|–|300|lb}} ƙurar ƙura. Musa ya ba talakawa zinarin da ya haɗu da su ta hanyar sa. Musa ba kawai ya ba wa biranen da ya bi ta kan hanyar zuwa [[Makkah|Makka ba]], ciki har da [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], har ma ya yi ciniki da zinare don kyautatuwa. An ruwaito cewa ya gina [[Masallaci|masallaci a]] kowace Juma'a.   [[File:Mansa Musa.jpg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] [[Fayil:Depiction of Abu Bakr ibn Umar al-Lamtuni (Catalan Atlas) (1).jpg|thumb|Mansa Musa]] Shaidun gani da ido da yawa sun tabbatar da tafiyar Musa, yayin da suke kan hanyarsa, waɗanda ke tsoron arzikinsa da tarin yawa, kuma akwai bayanai a wurare da yawa, gami da mujallu, bayanan baka, da kuma tarihai. Musa ya ziyarci Mamluk sultan na Masar, Al-Nasir Muhammad, a Yuli 1324. Duk da irin yanayin da yake bayarwa, dumbin kudaden da Musa ya bayar da gudummawa da yalwa ya janyo da koma baya na zinare tsawon shekaru goma. A cikin biranen Alkahira, Madina, da Makka, kwararar zinare ta bazata ta lalata darajar karfe sosai. Farashin kayayyaki ya yawaita. Wannan kuskuren ya bayyana ga Musa kuma a hanyarsa ta dawowa daga Makka, ya karɓi zinaren da zai iya ɗauka daga masu sayarwa amatsayin bashi da zai biya nan gaba da daraja sosai. Wannan ne kawai lokacin a cikin tarihi cewa mutum ɗaya kai tsaye ya iya sarrafa farashin gwal a cikin Meditareniya . Wasu masana tarihi sun yarda cewa aikin hajji ba shi da wata ma'ana ga addini fiye da mai da hankalin duniya zuwa ga halin da ake ciki a Mali. Irƙirar koma bayan wannan girman yana da ma'ana. Bayan haka, Alkahira shine babbar kasuwar gwal a lokacin (inda mutane suka je siyan dumbin zinare). Don mayar da waɗannan kasuwannin zuwa Timbuktu ko [[Gao (gari)|Gao]], Musa da farko ya shafi tattalin arzikin zinare na Alkahira. Duk da yake wannan da'awar yana zama mai shimfiɗa,   Musa sanya wata babbar batu na nuna a kashe ya al'umma dũkiya. Manufar sa shine ya kirkiro wani abu kuma yayi nasara sosai a cikin wannan, har ya sanya kansa da Mali a cikin Atlas na Catalan na 1375. Hakanan yana samun ziyarar daga sananniyar matafiyin duniyar Musulmi, [[Ibn Battuta]] . == Sunan da lakabi/mallaka == ''Mansa'', 'mai mulki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> ko 'sarki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|MacBrair|1873}}</ref> a Mandé, shine taken mai mulkar Daular Mali. A cikin al'adar baki da ''Tarihin Timbuktu'', Musa an fi sanin sa da Kanku Musa . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bell|1972}}</ref>Al-Yafii ya ba da sunan Musa a matsayin Musa ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abi al-Aswad (-language romanization">''Mūsā ibn Abī Bakr ibn Abī al-Aswad''<nowiki>"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Arabic_language" id="mwlg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic: موسى بن إس بكر بن عبد الأسود, Mūsā ibn Abī Bakr ibn Abī al-Asw), kuma </nowiki>[[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]] ya ba da sunayen Musa a matsayin Мusa ibn Abi Bakri Salim al-Takruri (Arabic), Mūsā Ibn Abīr Salim al.{{Sfn|Collet|2019}}{{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sau da yawa anama Musa lakabi da [[Alhaji|Hajji]] a cikin al'adar baki saboda ya yi [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]].{{Sfn|Niane|1959}}A cikin [[Harsunan Songhay|Harshen Songhai]], sarakunan Mali kamar Musa ana kiransu da Mali-''koi'', koi shine taken da ke isar da iko a kan yanki: a wasu kalmomi, "mai mulkin Mali".<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> == Mulki daga baya == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=Whenever a hero adds to the list of his exploits from conquest, Mansa Musa gives them a pair of wide trousers...The greater the number of a Dogari's exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers.|source=–Al-Dukhari, observation of the court of Mansa Musa in [[Timbuktu]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Ruben G |url=https://csumb.academia.edu/RubenMendoza/Papers/318194/West_African_Empires_Dates_400-1591_C.E |title=Academia.edu &#124; West African Empires, Dates: 400–1591 C. E. &#124; Ruben G. Mendoza |publisher=Csumb.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=17 October 2012 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013107/https://www.academia.edu/353292/West_African_Empires_Dates_400_1591_C_E |url-status=dead }}</ref>''}} A cikin dogon dawowar sa daga Makka a cikin shekarar 1325, Musa ya ji labari cewa rundunarsa ta kama [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] . Sagmandia, daya daga cikin janarorinsa ne ya jagoranci ƙoƙarin. Garin Gao yana cikin daular tun kafin mulkin Sakura kuma ya kasance muhimmi - kodayake galibi yan tawaye ne - cibiyar kasuwanci. Musa ya yi shirin ba da agaji ya ziyarci garin da ya karɓi baƙi, 'ya'yan Gao guda biyu, Ali Kolon da Suleiman Nar. Ya koma Niani tare da yaran nan biyu kuma daga baya ya karantar dasu a kotu. Lokacin da Mansa Musa ya dawo, ya dawo da yawancin masanan larabawa da masu gine-gine. === Gine-gine a ƙasar Mali === Musa ya fara wani babban shiri na gini, yana inganta [[Masallaci|masallatai]] da madrasas a Timbuktu da Gao. Mafi mahimmanci, an gina tsohuwar cibiyar koyan Sankore Madrasah (ko Jami'ar Sankore) lokacin mulkinsa. A Niani, Musa ya gina zauren sauraron ra'ayoyi, wanda yake sadarwa ta ƙofar ciki ta zuwa gidan sarki. Shi ne "mai m Monument", surmounted da wani Dome kuma qawata da arabesques na daukan hankali launuka. Filin katako na katako daga saman bene aka dalaye shi da tsare; na ƙananan bene tare da zinariya. Kamar Babban Masallaci, wani tsayayyen tsari da tsari a Timbuktu, an gina Hall din da dutse ne. A wannan lokacin, an sami ci gaba na rayuwar birni a cikin manyan cibiyoyin Mali. Sergio Domian, wani masanin kimiyyar zane-zane na Italiya, ya rubuta game da wannan lokacin: "Ta haka kuma aka kafa harsashin wayewar gari. A lokacin da ƙarfinsa ya kasance, Mali tana da aƙalla birane 400, kuma yankin na Niger Delta yana da jama'a sosai. " [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb| Masallacin Djinguereber, wanda Mansa Musa ya ba da izini a cikin 1327 ]] === Tattalin arziki da ilimi === An kuma rubuta cewa Mansa Musa ya ratsa garuruwan Timbuktu da [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], kuma ya sanya su zama cikin daularsa lokacin da ya dawo a shekara ta 1325. Ya kawo masu zanen kaya daga Andalusia, yanki a Spain, da Alkahira don gina babban fadarsa a Timbuktu da kuma Babban Masallacin Djinguereber da har yanzu yake a yau. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 70.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba Timbuktu ya zama cibiyar kasuwanci, al'adu, da Musulunci; kasuwannin da aka shigo da su daga kasashen [[Hausawa|Hausaland]], Egypt, da sauran masarautun Afirka, an kafa jami'a a cikin gari (haka kuma a garuruwan Mali na Djenné da Ségou ), sannan kuma addinin musulunci ya yadu ta kasuwanni da jami'a, wanda ke sanya Timbuktu wani sabon yanki domin karatuttukan musulinci. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 74.</ref> Labarin birnin arziki na daular Maliki har ma ya ratsa tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Kudancin Turai, inda ba da daɗewa ba yan kasuwa daga Venice, [[Granada]], da [[Genoa]] sun kara da Timbuktu zuwa taswirar su don siyayya da kayayyaki na zinare. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 87–88.</ref> Jami'ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu ta kasance ta hannun Musa tare da masana kimiya, da masanan kimiyyar lissafi, da lissafi. Jami'ar ta zama cibiyar koyo da al'adu, tare da jawo hankalin musulmai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Timbuktu. A shekara ta 1330, masarautar Mossi ta mamaye ta kuma ci birnin Timbuktu. Janar Gao ya riga ya kama Gao, kuma Musa ya hanzarta sake daukar Timbuktu, ya gina shinge da katangar dutse, sannan ya sanya runduna ta tsaro don kare garin daga mamayewa nan gaba. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 80–81.</ref> Yayin da fadar Musa tun daga lokacin da ta shuɗe, har yanzu jami’ar da masallacin suna tsaye a Timbuktu. A ƙarshen mulkin Mansa Musa, an canza Sankoré jami'ar zuwa cikakken jami'a wanda ke da mafi yawan tarin littattafai a Afirka tun daga dakin karatu na Alexandria . Jami'ar Sankoré ta iya ɗaliban ɗaliban 25,000 kuma suna da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya tare da rubutun kusan 1,000,000. <ref>See: Said Hamdun & Noël King (edds.), ''Ibn Battuta in Black Africa.'' London, 1975, pp. 52–53.</ref> == Mutuwa == [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Masarautar Mali a lokacin rasuwar Mansa Musa. ]] Ranar mutuwar Mansa Musa an yi muhawara sosai tsakanin masana tarihi da masana Larabawa waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin ƙasar Mali. Idan aka kwatanta da zamanin magajinsa, dan Mansa Maghan (hukuncin da aka rubuta daga 1337 zuwa 1341) da babban dan'uwan Mansa Suleyman (dokar da aka rubuta daga 1341 zuwa 1360), da kuma tarihin Musa na shekaru 25, ranar da aka kirkiri mutuwarsa 1337. Wasu bayanan sun ce Musa ya yi niyyar kaurace wa dan nasa kursiyin, amma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya dawo daga Makka a 1325. A wani labarin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn-Khaldun ya ruwaito]], Mansa Musa yana da rai lokacin da aka ci birnin Tlemcen na Aljeriya a shekarar 1337, yayin da ya aiki wakili zuwa Algeria don taya murna ga masu nasara. [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Daular Mali a lokacin rasuwar Musa]] Ba a san ranar da Mansa Musa ya mutu ba. Ta amfani da tsawon mulkin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya ruwaito don ƙididdigewa daga mutuwar Mansa Suleyman a shekara ta 1360, da Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Duk da haka, Ibn Khaldun ya kuma ruwaito cewa Musa ya aika da wakili don taya Abu al-Hasan Ali murna kan nasarar da ya samu a [[Tlemcen]], wanda ya faru a watan Mayu na 1337, amma lokacin da Abu al-Hasan ya aika da wakili don mayar da martani, Musa ya mutu kuma Suleyman yana kan karagar mulki, yana nuna cewa Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1337. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Sabanin haka, al-Umari, yana rubuta shekaru goma sha biyu bayan hajjin Musa, a kusan shekara ta 1337, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} ya yi iƙirarin cewa Musa ya koma Mali da nufin yin hijira ya koma Makka ya zauna amma ya mutu kafin ya iya yin hakan, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} yana nuna cewa ya mutu tun kafin shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Mai yiyuwa ne a zahiri dan Musa Maghan ne ya taya Abu al-Hasan, ko kuma Maghan wanda ya karbi manzon Abu al-Hasan bayan rasuwar Musa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Wannan yiwuwar ta ƙarshe ta tabbata ne ta hanyar Ibn Khaldun yana kiran ɗan Suleyman Musa a cikin wannan nassin, yana nuna cewa wataƙila ya rikitar da ɗan Musa Suleyman da ɗan Musa Maghan. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} A madadin haka, yana yiwuwa a ce mulkin shekaru huɗu na Ibn Khaldun ya ambaci Maghan da ya yi magana a kan mulkinsa na Mali yayin da Musa yake tafiya aikin hajji, kuma ya yi mulki na ɗan lokaci ne kawai a cikin ikonsa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Nehemia Levtzion ya ɗauki 1337 a matsayin ranar da ta fi dacewa, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} wanda wasu malamai suka yarda da ita. {{Sfn|Sapong|2016}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bibliography == * Bell, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Jaridar International Journal of African Tarihi, 5 : 221-223, JSTOR   217515 . * De Villiers, Marq, da Sheila Hirtle. ''Timbuktu: Birnin gwal na Sahara'' . Walker da Kamfanin: New York. 2007. * Goodwin, A. J .H. (1957), "The Medieval Empire of Ghana", Bulletin na Afirka Ta Kudu, 12 : 108-1, JSTOR   3886971 . * Hunwick, John O. (1999), Timbuktu da Daular Songhay: Al-Sadi ta Tarikh al-Sudan har zuwa 1613 da sauran takardu na zamani, Leiden: Brill, ISBN   <bdi> Hunwick, John O. </bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1963), "Sarakunan Mali na goma sha uku da goma sha huɗu", Journal of Tarihin Afirka, 4 : 341–353, doi : 10.1017 / s002185370000428x, JSTOR   180027 . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), Tsohuwar Ghana da Mali, London: Methuen, ISBN   <bdi> Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), </bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), Corpus na farkon Larabci tushe don Yammacin Afirka, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN   <bdi> Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), </bdi> . Aka fara bugawa a 1981. == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.ancient.eu/Mansa_Musa_I/ Encyclopedia Tarihin Tarihi - Mansa Musa I] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html Tashar Tarihi: Mansa Moussa: Hajji na Zinare] a archive.org * [https://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/exhibitions/2019/caravans-of-gold,-fragments-in-time-art,-culture,-and-exchange-across-medieval-saharan-africa.html Vwararrun Zinare, gmentsungiyoyi a Lokacin: Art, Al'adu, da musayar a tsakanin Saharan Afirka] * [[Category:Tarihin Mali]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4ebz5tkyy4qs0zyw0xzrabrsccprj2k 967065 967064 2026-10-13T06:17:38Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378180991|Mansa Musa]]" 967065 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mansa Musa''' {{Efn|{{langx|ar|منسا موسى|Mansā Mūsā}}}} ( {{Circa|1280}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Circa|1337}} ) shine ''Mansa'' na tara <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|1963}}</ref> na [[Daular Mali]], wanda ya kai kololuwar yankinsa a lokacin mulkinsa. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar mulkin Musa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da iko da martabar Mali, kodayake bai nuna wani abu mai yawa a cikin al'adun Mandinka kamar na magabatansa ba . Musa yana da arziki sosai, har ma mutanen zamaninsa sun kwatanta shi a matsayin mai arziki wanda ba za a iya tunaninsa ba; Mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' ta ruwaito: "Babu wata hanyar da za a sanya adadi mai kyau a kan dukiyarsa." Sun ambaci farfesa Richard Smith na tarihi a Kwalejin Ferrum, wanda ya ce Mali ita ce mafi girman masana'antar zinare a duniya a wancan lokacin, amma "majiyoyin zamani sun bayyana arzikin sarkin ta hanyar da ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin." An san daga rubuce-rubucen gida da kuma bayanan matafiya cewa arzikin Mansa Musa ya samo asali ne daga ikon Daular Mali da kuma harajin cinikin gishiri daga yankunan arewa, musamman daga zinare da aka haƙa aka kuma haƙa a [[Bambouk|Bambuk]] da Bure a kudu. A cikin dogon lokaci, Mali ta tara tarin zinare. Ana kyautata zaton Mali ta shiga cikin cinikin kayayyaki da yawa kamar hauren giwa, [[TARIHIN BAUTAR BAYI|bayi]], kayan ƙanshi, siliki, da yumbu. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu ba a san komai game da girman ko tsarin waɗannan sana'o'in ba. <ref name="natgeo">{{Cite web |title=Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819110054/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=[[National Geographic]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na zinaren da ke yawo a Bahar Rum na Tsakiya ya fito ne daga Yammacin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=May 1, 2019 |title=The Gold Trade of Ancient & Medieval West Africa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1383/the-gold-trade-of-ancient--medieval-west-africa/ |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> kuma wannan shine kusan rabin arzikin zinaren da ake samu [[Tsohuwar Duniya|a Duniyar Tsohuwar Duniya]] . Binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a kusa da garin Tadmekka ya nuna cewa 'yan Mali sun ƙirƙiro nasu tsarin tace zinare ta hanyar amfani da gilashin da aka narke da kuma cire ƙazanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Evan Nicole |date=2019-05-09 |title=Medieval Africans Had a Unique Process for Purifying Gold With Glass |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/medieval-african-gold |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa zinare yana da yawa, jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin daraja a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara kuma "ana musayar shi da zinariya a farashin da za a ɗauka ba daidai ba ne bisa ga ƙa'idodin yau." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marot |first=Laurence |date=May 24, 2023 |title=Copper and Copper Alloys at the Time of the Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61643/chapter-abstract/539824767?redirectedFrom=fulltext |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology}}</ref> A lokacin da Musa ya hau karagar mulki, Mali ta ƙunshi mafi yawan yankin tsohuwar [[Daular Ghana]], wadda ta zama ƙabilar Mali. Daular Mali ta ƙunshi ƙasar da yanzu take cikin [[Gini|Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Gambiya|Gambia]], da kuma ƙasar [[Mali]] ta zamani wadda za ta kai girman 1,300,000.&nbsp;km ^2. Musa ya tafi [[aikin Hajji]] zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] a shekarar 1324, yana tafiya tare da tarin jama'a da kuma tarin zinariya. A kan hanyarsa, ya yi lokaci a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda aka ce kyautar da ya bayar ta yi tasiri sosai ga darajar zinare a Masar {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} kuma ta jawo hankalin duniyar Musulmi baki ɗaya. Musa ya faɗaɗa iyakokin Daular Mali, musamman haɗa biranen [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] da [[Timbuktu]] cikin yankinta. Ya nemi kusanci da sauran al'ummar Musulmi, musamman sarakunan Mamluk da Marinid . Ya ɗauki malamai daga faɗin duniyar Musulmi don yin tafiya zuwa Mali, kamar mawaƙin Andalusian [[Al-Sahili|Abu Ishaq al-Sahili]], kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa Timbuktu a matsayin cibiyar ilimin Musulunci. Mulkinsa yana da alaƙa da ayyukan gine-gine da dama, ciki har da wani ɓangare na Masallacin Djinguereber da ke Timbuktu. == Suna da Lakabi == Sunan Annabi Mansa Musa Musa ( Arabic ), sunan [[Annabi Musa|Musa a Musulunci]] . {{Sfn|McKissack|McKissack|1994}} ''Mansa'', 'mai mulki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> ko 'sarki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|MacBrair|1873}}</ref> a Mandé, shine taken mai mulkin Daular Mali. A al'adar baka da ''tarihin Timbuktu'', Musa an ƙara kiransa da Kanku Musa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bell|1972}}</ref> {{Efn|The name is transcribed in the ''Tarikh al-Sudan'' as Kankan ({{langx|ar|كنكن|Kankan}}), which Cissoko concluded was a representation of the Mandinka woman's name Kanku.{{sfn|Cissoko|1969}}}} A al'adar Mandé, an saba amfani da sunan mutum da sunan mahaifiyarsa, don haka sunan Kanku Musa yana nufin "Musa, ɗan Kanku", kodayake ba a san ko asalin tarihin da aka ambata a zahiri ba ne. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Al-Yafii ya sanyawa Musa suna Musa bn Abi Bakr bn Abi al-Aswad ( Arabic ), {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} kuma [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]] ya sanya wa Musa suna Musa bn Abi Bakr Salim al-Takruri ( Arabic ). {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sau da yawa ana ba wa Musa lakabin [[Alhaji|Hajji]] a al'adar baki saboda ya yi aikin [[Aikin Hajji|hajji]] . {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} A [[Harsunan Songhay|yaren Songhai]], sarakunan Mali kamar Musa ana kiransu da Mali-koi, ''koi'' lakabi ne da ke nuna iko a kan wani yanki: a wata ma'anar, "mai mulkin Mali". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> == Majiyoyin tarihi == Yawancin abin da aka sani game da Musa ya fito ne daga majiyoyin Larabci da aka rubuta bayan hajjinsa, musamman rubuce-rubucen Al-Umari da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] . A lokacin da yake birnin Alkahira a lokacin [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajjinsa]], Musa ya yi abota da jami'ai kamar Ibn Amir Hajib, wadanda suka koya masa labarinsa da kasarsa daga gare shi, daga baya kuma suka mika wannan ilimin ga masana tarihi kamar Al-Umari. {{Sfn|Al-Umari}} Ƙarin bayani ya fito ne daga rubuce-rubucen tarihi guda biyu na ƙarni na 17 da aka rubuta a [[Timbuktu]], wato ''Tarikh Ibn al-Mukhtar'' {{Efn|The ''Tarikh Ibn al-Mukhtar'' is a historiographical name for an untitled manuscript by Ibn al-Mukhtar. This document is also known as the ''Tarikh al-Fattash'', which Nobili and Mathee have argued is properly the title of a 19th-century document that used Ibn al-Mukhtar's text as a source. {{sfn|Nobili|Mathee|2015}}}} da ''Tarikh al-Sudan'' . {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Al'adar baki, kamar yadda ''jeliw'' ( sing. ''jeli'' ) ya yi, wanda aka fi sani da [[Griot|griots]], ya ƙunshi ɗan ƙaramin bayani game da Musa idan aka kwatanta da wasu sassan tarihin Mali, inda waɗanda suka yi nasara a kan magabacinsa suka sami ƙarin suna. [ 28 ] == Zuri'a == {{Lineage|1|-1|[[Naré Maghann Konaté|Nare Maghan]]{{efn|Name from oral tradition}}||2|1|1.&nbsp;[[Sundiata Keita|Sunjata]]||3|1|[[Mande Bori|Abu Bakr]]||4|2|2. [[Uli I of Mali|Uli]]||5|4|7. [[Gao (mansa)|Qu]]||6|5|8.&nbsp;[[Mohammed ibn Gao|Muhammad]]||7|3|Faga Leye{{efn|Name from oral tradition}}||8|7|'''9. Musa I'''||9|8|10. [[Maghan I|Magha I]]||10|9|13.&nbsp;[[Mari Djata II of Mali|Mari&nbsp;Jata&nbsp;II]]||11|10|14. [[Musa II of Mali|Musa&nbsp;II]]||12|10|15. [[Magha&nbsp;II]]||13|7|11.&nbsp;[[Sulayman of Mali|Sulayman]]||14|13|12. [[Kassa (mansa)|Qanba]]||align=right|caption=Genealogy of the mansas of the Mali Empire up to Magha II ({{died-in|{{circa|1389}}}}), based on Levtzion's interpretation of [[Ibn Khaldun]].{{sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Numbered individuals reigned as ''mansa''; the numbers indicate the order in which they reigned.{{efn|The sixth mansa, [[Mansa Sakura|Sakura]], is omitted from this chart as he was not related to the others. The third and fourth mansas (Wati and Khalifa), brothers of Uli, and the fifth (Abu Bakr), a nephew of Uli, Wati, and Khalifa, are omitted to save space.}}}}A cewar Djibril Tamsir Niane, ana kiran mahaifin Musa Faga Leye {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} kuma mahaifiyarsa tana iya zama Kanku. {{Efn|Musa's name Kanku Musa means "Musa son of Kanku", but the genealogy may not be literal.<ref>{{harvnb|Gomez|2018|pp=109–110}}</ref>}} Faga Leye ɗan Abu Bakr ne, ɗan'uwan Sunjata, mansa na farko na Daular Mali. {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] bai ambaci Faga Leye ba, yana nufin Musa a matsayin Musa bn Abubakar. Ana iya fassara wannan a matsayin ko dai "Musa ɗan Abu Bakr" ko kuma "Musa ɗan Abu Bakr." Ba za a iya cewa Abu Bakr shine mahaifin Musa ba, saboda tsawon lokacin da ke tsakanin mulkin Sunjata da na Musa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|1963}}</ref> {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} [[Ibn Battuta]], wanda ya ziyarci Mali a lokacin mulkin ɗan'uwan Musa Sulayman, ya ce an sanya wa kakan Musa suna Sariq Jata. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sariq Jata na iya zama wani suna na Sunjata, wanda a zahiri kakan Musa ne. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Wannan, tare da amfani da sunan 'Musa ibn Abu Bakr' da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya yi, ya sa masanin tarihi Francois-Xavier Fauvelle ya gabatar da cewa Musa a zahiri ɗan Abu Bakr I ne, jikan Sunjata ta hanyar 'yarsa. Daga baya an yi ƙoƙarin kawar da wannan gadon da wataƙila ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ta hanyar layin mace, wanda hakan ya haifar da rudani a cikin majiyoyin game da asalin Musa. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} Ƙiyayya ga reshen Musa na daular Keita shi ma zai iya bayyana rashin kasancewarsa ko kuma mummunan hali da ya fuskanta ta hanyar tarihin baki. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} == Rayuwar farko da kuma samun iko == Ba a san ranar haihuwar Musa ba, amma da alama saurayi ne a shekara ta 1324. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} ''Tarikh al-fattash'' ya yi ikirarin cewa Musa ya kashe Kanku bisa kuskure a wani lokaci kafin ya tafi aikin hajji. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Musa ya hau mulki a farkon shekarun 1300 {{Efn|The exact date of Musa's accession is debated. Ibn Khaldun claims Musa reigned for 25 years, so his accession is dated to 25 years before his death. Musa's death may have occurred in 1337, 1332, or possibly even earlier, giving 1307 or 1312 as plausible approximate years of accession. 1312 is the most widely accepted by modern historians.<ref name="Bell 1972">{{harvnb|Bell|1972}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Levtzion|1963|pp=349–350}}</ref>}} a cikin yanayi marasa tabbas. A cewar labarin Musa, wanda ya gabace shi a matsayin Mansa na Mali, wanda ake kyautata zaton Muhammad ibn Qu, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Fauvelle|2018}}</ref> ya ƙaddamar da balaguro guda biyu don bincika [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] (jiragen ruwa 200 don aikin bincike na farko da jiragen ruwa 2,000 don na biyu). Mansa ne ya jagoranci tafiyar ta biyu da kansa kuma ya naɗa Musa a matsayin mataimakinsa don ya mulki daular har sai ya dawo. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}</ref> Da bai dawo ba, aka naɗa Musa a matsayin mansa da kansa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa zuriyar Sunjata ta koma zuriyar ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ibn Khaldun}}</ref> Wasu masana tarihi na zamani sun nuna shakku kan yadda Musa ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru, suna nuna cewa wataƙila ya tuɓe magajinsa kuma ya ƙirƙiro labarin tafiyar don bayyana yadda ya karɓi mulki. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thornton|2012}}</ref> Duk da haka, masana tarihi da dama sun ɗauki yiwuwar irin wannan tafiya da muhimmanci. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Devisse|Labib|1984}} {{Sfn|Thornton|2012}} == Mulkin farko == Musa matashi ne lokacin da ya zama ''Mansa'', wataƙila yana cikin farkon shekarunsa na ashirin. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Ganin girman aikin ''[[Aikin Hajji|hajjinsa]]'' na gaba, Musa wataƙila ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun mulkinsa na farko yana shirye-shiryen hakan. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen akwai yiwuwar hare-hare don kamawa da kuma bautar da mutane daga ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da su, domin tawagar Musa za ta haɗa da dubban bayi; masanin tarihi Michael Gomez ya kiyasta cewa Mali na iya kama bayi sama da 6,000 a kowace shekara don wannan dalili. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Wataƙila saboda wannan, farkon mulkin Musa ya kasance yana cikin yaƙin soja da al'ummomin da ba Musulmi ba maƙwabta. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} A shekara ta 1324, yayin da yake birnin Alkahira, Musa ya ce ya ci birane 24 da gundumomin da ke kewaye da su. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> == Aikin Hajji zuwa Makka == [[File:Mansa_Moussa_on_the_map_of_Angelino_Dulcert.jpg|thumb| Mansa Moussa ( ''Rex Melly'' ) a taswirar Angelino Dulcert (1339)]] Musa [[Musulmi]] ne, kuma [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajjinsa]], ko kuma aikin hajjinsa zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], ya sa ya shahara a faɗin [[Arewacin Afirka]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . Ga Musa, Musulunci "shiga ce ta duniyar da aka san ta da al'adun Gabas ta Bahar Rum". <ref name="Goodwin110">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Goodwin|1957}}.</ref> Da ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana ƙarfafa ci gaban addini a cikin daularsa. Lokacin da Musa ya bar Mali don aikin Hajji, ya bar ɗansa Muhammad ya yi mulki a bayansa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> Musa ya yi aikin hajjinsa tsakanin 1324 da 1325, tsawonsa ya kai mil 2700. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Marubutan tarihi na Larabci da ke rubuce-rubuce bayan taron sun bayar da adadi daban-daban game da girman ayarin Musa da kuma adadin zinaren da aka yi jigilarsa, kuma masana tarihi na zamani suna ɗaukar waɗannan lambobi a matsayin maganganun magana maimakon ƙididdiga. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} A cewar alkaluman da aka adana a cikin labaran Larabci na baya, jerin gwanon nasa ya ƙunshi [[Bauta|bayi]] sama da 12,000, duk sanye da siliki mai kauri da siliki na Yemen {{Sfn|Cuoq|1985}} kuma kowannensu ya ce yana ɗauke da {{Convert|4|lb}} na sandunan zinariya, tare da masu shelar albishir sanye da siliki ɗauke da sandunan zinariya waɗanda ke shirya dawakai da jakunkunan sarrafawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}} An ruwaito cewa Musa ya samar da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata don jerin gwanon, yana ciyar da dukkan taron mutane da dabbobi. <ref name="Goodwin110" /> Majiyoyin sun bayyana cewa ayarin ya ƙunshi [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] 80, kowannensu ya ce yana ɗauke da raƙuma tsakanin {{Convert|50|–|300|lb}} na ƙurar zinare — wani yanki wanda ke nuna rashin duk wani ƙidayar zamani da aka bincika kuma masana tarihi na zamani suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban tushe na adabi maimakon ma'auni. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} An ce Musa ya raba zinare ga talakawa a kan hanyarsa da kuma biranen da ya ratsa a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Makka, ciki har da [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], kuma an ruwaito cewa yana gina [[masallaci]] kowace Juma'a. Shihab al-Din al-Umari, wanda ya ziyarci Alkahira jim kaɗan bayan aikin hajji kuma shine tushen mafi yawan waɗannan labaran, ya bayyana jerin gwanon a matsayin "nuna ƙarfi, arziki, da kuma wanda ba a taɓa gani ba ta hanyar girmansa da kuma kyawunsa". Musa da tawagarsa sun isa gefen birnin Alkahira a watan Yulin 1324. Sun yi sansani na tsawon kwanaki uku kusa da [[Tsarin pyramid na Giza|Dala na Giza]] kafin su tsallaka Kogin Nilu zuwa Alkahira a ranar 19 ga Yuli. {{Efn|26 Rajab 724}} {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Yayin da yake birnin Alkahira, Musa ya haɗu da sarkin Mamluk al-Nasir Muhammad, wanda mulkinsa ya riga ya ga wani ''mansa'', [[Mansa Sakura|Sakura]], yana yin aikin Hajji. Al-Nasir ya yi tsammanin Musa zai yi masa sujada, wanda da farko Musa ya ƙi yin hakan. Lokacin da Musa ya yi sujada a ƙarshe, sai ya ce yana yin haka ne don Allah kaɗai. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Duk da wannan rashin jin daɗi na farko, sarakunan biyu sun yi zaman lafiya sosai kuma sun yi musayar kyaututtuka. Musa da tawagarsa sun bayar kuma sun yi rayuwa cikin 'yanci yayin da suke birnin Alkahira. Musa ya zauna a [[Birnin Matattu (Alkahira)|gundumar Qarafa]] da ke birnin Alkahira, ya kuma yi abota da gwamnanta, ibn Amir Hajib, wanda ya koyi abubuwa da yawa game da Mali daga gare shi. Musa ya zauna a birnin Alkahira na tsawon watanni uku, inda ya tashi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba {{Efn|28 Shawwal}} tare da ayarin da aka tura zuwa Makka. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Karimcin Musa ya ci gaba yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Makka, kuma ya ba da kyaututtuka ga sauran mahajjata da mutanen [[Madinah|Madina]] da Makka. A lokacin da suke Makka, rikici ya barke tsakanin wani gungun mahajjata 'yan Mali da kuma wani gungun mahajjata 'yan Turkiyya a [[Masjid al-Haram|Masallacin Haram]] . An zare takubba, amma kafin lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara, Musa ya shawo kan mutanensa su ja da baya. {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Musa da tawagarsa sun daɗe a Makka bayan ranar ƙarshe ta aikin Hajji. Tafiyarsu daban da babbar ayarin, tafiyarsu ta dawowa Alkahira ta fuskanci bala'i. Lokacin da suka isa [[Suez]], da yawa daga cikin mahajjatan Mali sun mutu sakamakon sanyi, yunwa, ko hare-haren 'yan fashi, kuma sun rasa kayansu da yawa. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Bayan kuɗi ya ƙare, Musa da tawagarsa sun tilasta musu karɓar bashi kuma suka sake sayar da mafi yawan abin da suka saya a lokacin da suke Alƙahira kafin aikin Hajji, kuma Musa ya ci bashi ga wasu 'yan kasuwa kamar Siraj al-Din. Duk da haka, Al-Nasir Muhammad ya mayar wa Musa da kyautar da ya bayar a baya. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} A tafiyarsa ta dawowa, Musa ya haɗu da mawaƙin Andalusi [[Al-Sahili|Abu Ishaq al-Sahili]], wanda iya magana da iliminsa na shari'a suka burge shi, kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi tafiya tare da shi zuwa Mali. {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Sauran malaman da Musa ya kawo Mali sun haɗa da [[Malikiyya|malaman Maliki]] . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> A cewar ''Tarikh al-Sudan'', biranen [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] da [[Timbuktu]] sun miƙa wuya ga mulkin Musa yayin da yake tafiya a cikinsa lokacin da ya dawo Mali. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|al-Sadi}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Hunwick|1999}}</ref> Duk da haka, da wuya a ce wata ƙungiyar mahajjata, ko da kuwa tana da makamai, za ta iya cin nasara a kan birni mai arziki da ƙarfi. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} A cewar wani labari da [[Ibn Kaldun|ibn Khaldun]] ya bayar, janar Musa Saghmanja ya ci Gao da yaƙi. Wani labarin kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa an ci Gao da yaƙi a zamanin mulkin [[Mansa Sakura]] . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ibn Khaldun}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> Ikon Mali a Gao wataƙila ya yi rauni, wanda hakan ya sa dole sai mansas masu ƙarfi su sake tabbatar da ikonsu lokaci-lokaci, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1973}} ko kuma kawai kuskure ne daga al-Sadi, marubucin ''Tarikh'' . {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} === Gine-gine a Mali === A bisa ga wata al'ada da ta daɗe a tarihin tarihi na ƙarni na sha tara da ashirin, Musa ya kawo masu gine-gine daga [[Andalusia]] da Alkahira don gina fadarsa a Timbuktu da kuma babban Masallacin Djinguereber wanda har yanzu yake nan, tare da mawaƙin Granadan [[Al-Sahili|Abū Isḥāq al-Sāḥilī]] wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin babban mai tsara shi. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Bayanan da suka biyo baya sun tabbatar da wannan matsayin sosai. JO Hunwick ya nuna cewa aikin da aka danganta da al-Sāḥilī kawai a cikin majiyoyin Larabci shine ɗakin sauraron sarauta a birnin Mali - wanda [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya rubuta biyan ''kuɗin'' zinare 12,000 (kimanin 51)&nbsp;kg) — kuma cewa rawar da al-Sāḥilī ya taka a can ta kasance ta ado da tsari maimakon ta mai zane-zanen gine-gine. {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Dangane da al'adar Sudano-Sahelian mai faɗi, masanin tarihin gine-gine [[Labelle Prussin]] ya yi jayayya cewa tsarin ƙasa ( [[Adobe|banco]] ) na lanƙwasa na [[Neja (kogi)|Nijar]], tare da haskensa na Toronto, yana wakiltar haɗakar ayyukan ƙira na asali na Afirka ta Yamma da Musulunci na tsawon ƙarni maimakon shigo da su daga al-Andalus ko Maghreb; {{Sfn|Prussin|1986}} masanin kimiyya na zamani ya ɗauki hoton al-Sāḥilī a matsayin wanda ya kafa gine-ginen masallatan Afirka ta Yamma a matsayin tatsuniyar tarihi maimakon wata hujja ta tarihi da aka kafa. {{Sfn|Prussin|1986}} {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Binciken da [[Susan Keech McIntosh|Susan]] da [[Roderick McIntosh]] suka yi a Djenné-Djenno ya tabbatar da cewa matsugunan dindindin, samar da kayayyaki masu sarkakiya da kuma aikin ƙarfe sun riga sun kasance a cikin [[Inner Niger Delta|Neja Delta na cikin gida]] a ƙarni na uku kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa - tare da hanyoyin musayar nesa da aka tabbatar a matakai na gaba na wurin - yana nuna cewa gine-ginen gine-gine da ababen more rayuwa na birane da shirin ginin Musa ya dogara da su al'ada ce ta asali ta asali maimakon shigo da su daga zamaninsa. {{Sfn|McIntosh|McIntosh|1980}} === Tattalin arziki da ilimi === [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb| Masallacin Djinguereber, wanda Mansa Musa ya kaddamar a 1327]] Ba da daɗewa ba Timbuktu ta zama cibiyar kasuwanci, al'adu, da Musulunci; an kawo kasuwanni daga [[Hausa Bakwai|ƙasar Hausa]], Masar, da sauran masarautun Afirka, an kafa jami'a a birnin (da kuma a biranen Mali na [[Djenné]] da [[Ségou]] ), kuma Musulunci ya yaɗu ta kasuwanni da jami'o'i, wanda hakan ya sanya Timbuktu ta zama sabon yanki na ilimin Musulunci. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Labarin birnin arziki na daular Mali ya yi ta yawo a cikin Bahar Rum zuwa kudancin Turai, inda 'yan kasuwa daga [[Venezia|Venice]], [[Granada]], da [[Genoa]] suka ƙara Timbuktu a taswirarsu don cinikin kayayyakin da aka ƙera da zinariya. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} An sake gina Jami'ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu a zamanin mulkin Musa tare da masana shari'a, masana ilmin taurari, da kuma masana lissafi. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Goodwin|1957}}.</ref> Jami'ar ta zama cibiyar ilmantarwa da al'adu, inda ta jawo hankalin malaman Musulunci daga ko'ina cikin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Timbuktu. A shekara ta 1330, masarautar Mossi ta mamaye birnin Timbuktu ta kuma kwace shi. Janar Musa ya riga ya kama Gao, kuma Musa ya dawo da Timbuktu cikin sauri, ya gina katanga da katangar dutse, sannan ya sanya rundunar sojoji da ke tsaye don kare birnin daga mamaya nan gaba. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Duk da cewa fadar Musa ta ɓace tun daga lokacin, jami'a da masallaci har yanzu suna nan a Timbuktu. [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Daular Mali a lokacin rasuwar Musa]] Ba a san ranar da Mansa Musa ya mutu ba. Ta amfani da tsawon mulkin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya ruwaito don ƙididdigewa daga mutuwar Mansa Suleyman a shekara ta 1360, da Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Duk da haka, Ibn Khaldun ya kuma ruwaito cewa Musa ya aika da wakili don taya Abu al-Hasan Ali murna kan nasarar da ya samu a [[Tlemcen]], wanda ya faru a watan Mayu na 1337, amma lokacin da Abu al-Hasan ya aika da wakili don mayar da martani, Musa ya mutu kuma Suleyman yana kan karagar mulki, yana nuna cewa Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1337. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Sabanin haka, al-Umari, yana rubuta shekaru goma sha biyu bayan hajjin Musa, a kusan shekara ta 1337, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} ya yi iƙirarin cewa Musa ya koma Mali da nufin yin hijira ya koma Makka ya zauna amma ya mutu kafin ya iya yin hakan, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} yana nuna cewa ya mutu tun kafin shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Mai yiyuwa ne a zahiri dan Musa Maghan ne ya taya Abu al-Hasan, ko kuma Maghan wanda ya karbi manzon Abu al-Hasan bayan rasuwar Musa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Wannan yiwuwar ta ƙarshe ta tabbata ne ta hanyar Ibn Khaldun yana kiran ɗan Suleyman Musa a cikin wannan nassin, yana nuna cewa wataƙila ya rikitar da ɗan Musa Suleyman da ɗan Musa Maghan. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} A madadin haka, yana yiwuwa a ce mulkin shekaru huɗu na Ibn Khaldun ya ambaci Maghan da ya yi magana a kan mulkinsa na Mali yayin da Musa yake tafiya aikin hajji, kuma ya yi mulki na ɗan lokaci ne kawai a cikin ikonsa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Nehemia Levtzion ya ɗauki 1337 a matsayin ranar da ta fi dacewa, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} wanda wasu malamai suka yarda da ita. {{Sfn|Sapong|2016}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} == Gado == Ana ɗaukar mulkin Musa a matsayin zamanin zinare na Mali, amma wannan fahimta na iya zama sakamakon mulkinsa wanda ya fi kowanne da aka rubuta ta hanyar majiyoyin Larabci, maimakon a ce shi ne mafi arziki da iko a Mali. {{Sfn|Canós-Donnay|2019}} Yankin Daular Mali ya kasance mafi tsayi a lokacin mulkin Musa da ɗan'uwansa Sulayman, kuma ya mamaye yankin Sudan-Sahel na Yammacin Afirka. {{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Musa ba a san shi sosai a al'adar baki ta Mandé kamar yadda ''jeliw'' ke yi ba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> Ana sukarsa da rashin aminci ga al'ada, kuma wasu daga cikin ''masu tsattsauran ra'ayi'' suna ɗaukar Musa a matsayin wanda ya ɓata dukiyar Mali. {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} {{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Duk da haka, wasu fannoni na Musa sun bayyana an haɗa su cikin wani mutum a cikin al'adar baki ta Mandé da aka sani da Fajigi, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "uban bege". Ana tuna Fajigi a matsayin wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Makka don ɗauko abubuwan al'ada da aka sani da ''boliw'', waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin addinin gargajiya na Mandé. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} A matsayinsa na Fajigi, Musa wani lokacin ana haɗa shi da wani mutum a cikin al'adar baki mai suna Fakoli, wanda aka fi sani da babban janar na Sunjata. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} Siffar Fajigi ta haɗa Musulunci da kuma imani na gargajiya. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} Sunan "Musa" ya zama kamar na aikin hajji a al'adar Mandé, ta yadda wasu mutane da ake tunawa da su a matsayin waɗanda suka je aikin hajji, kamar Fakoli, suma ake kiransu Musa. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} === Wasu taswirorin da ke nuna siffofi irin na Mansa Musa ko Mansa Musa === A shekara ta 1525, mai yin taswirar Sicily Jacopo Russo ya ƙirƙiri ''Taswirar Mansa Musa'' don girmama shi. Wannan al'ada ta nuna wani mai arziki a yammacin Afirka ta samo asali ne daga taswirar Angelino Dulcert ta 1339, Atlas ɗin Catalan na 1375 da wasu taswirorin Turai da dama waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga Hadj na Mansa Musa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Eleanor |date=14 July 2022 |title=African kings on medieval and Renaissance maps |url=https://www.bl.uk/stories/blogs/posts/african-kings-on-medieval-and-renaissance-maps |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=British Library}}</ref> [[File:Mana_Musa_holding_gold.jpg|thumb| Taswirar Jacopo Russo ta ci gaba da al'adar nuna wani sarkin Afirka yana sayar da zinare ga 'yan kasuwa ƙarnuka bayan mutuwar Mansa Musa <ref name=":1" />]] [[File:Mansa_Musa_dressed_like_European.jpg|thumb| Wani taswirar da aka yi a Ancona, Italiya (wajen 1529) na Conte di Ottomanno Freducci. An kwatanta shi da fari a salon Turai. Rubutu da aka fassara daga Latin: 'Wannan sarki Mansa Musa yana mulkin lardin Guinea kuma ba shi da wayo da ilimi fiye da iko. Yana da ƙwararrun masana lissafi da kuma mutane masu ƙwarewa a fannin fasaha, kuma yana da wadata mai yawa, domin yana kusa da reshen kogin Nilu wanda ake kira Tekun Zinare. Daga nan ake kawo ƙurar zinariya ko ''tibr'' mai yawa, kuma wannan hanya ce ta cikin masarautarsa, kuma waɗannan yankuna sun cika da duk abubuwan da ke sama da ƙasa, musamman a cikin dabino da manna, da mafi kyawun duk sauran abubuwan da za a iya samu - ba su da gishiri kawai. <ref name=":1" />]] [[File:African_monarchs.jpg|thumb| Cikakkun bayanai game da sarakunan Afirka, 'Sarkin Mali', 'Sarkin Nubia' da 'Manicongo', (Mai mulkin masarautar Kongo) daga Sarauniya Mary Atlas (an kammala a shekara ta 1558) ta Diogo Homem <ref name=":1" />]] === Dukiya === Mansa Musa sananne ne saboda wadatarsa da karimcinsa, kuma ya zama "alama ta dukiya mai ban mamaki". <ref name="natgeo" /> Duk da cewa wasu labarai da dama a yanar gizo a karni na 21 sun yi ikirarin cewa Mansa Musa shine mutum mafi arziki a kowane lokaci, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-01-11 |title=Who is richest person of all time? From Mansa Musa to Jeff Bezos |url=https://theweek.com/90890/who-is-richest-person-of-all-time-from-mansa-musa-to-jeff-bezos |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=[[The Week]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Faye |date=2022-10-29 |title=The 10 richest people who ever lived – net worths, ranked |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3197600/10-richest-people-who-ever-lived-net-worths-ranked-elon-musk-and-jeff-bezos-dont-come-close-genghis |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref> masana tarihi kamar Hadrien Collet sun yi jayayya cewa dukiyar Musa ba za a iya kirga ta daidai ba. {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Majiyoyin Larabci na zamani wataƙila suna ƙoƙarin bayyana cewa Musa yana da zinare fiye da yadda suke tsammani, maimakon ƙoƙarin bayar da adadi daidai. {{Sfn|Davidson|2015b}} Musa da kansa ya ƙara nuna cewa yana da wadata mai yawa, wadda ba ta ƙarewa ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita cewa zinariya tana girma kamar shuka a masarautarsa. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' ya bayyana cewa "ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mutum mafi arziki a tarihi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mūsā I of Mali |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |website=britannica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801000000*/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |website=Internet Archive: Wayback Machine}}</ref> A cewar wasu marubutan Larabci, kyautar da Musa ya bayar ta haifar da raguwar darajar zinariya a Masar. Al-Umari ya ce kafin zuwan Musa, ''mithqal'' na zinariya yana da darajar ''dirhami'' 25 na azurfa, amma ya faɗi ƙasa da ''dirhami'' 22 bayan haka kuma bai wuce wannan adadin ba tsawon akalla shekaru goma sha biyu. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Ko da yake an bayyana wannan a matsayin wanda ya "lalace" tattalin arzikin Masar, {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} masanin tarihi Warren Schultz ya yi jayayya cewa wannan yana cikin canjin darajar zinare a Mamluk Masar. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} A cewar Graham Abney, wannan ambaliyar tattalin arzikin Masar wataƙila wani yunƙuri ne da Musa ya yi da gangan na sauya Mali a matsayin babbar ƙasa da zarar ya isa can. Kiyasin cewa Musa ya kawo har tan 18 na zinariya a aikin hajjinsa - alkaluman da wani lokacin ake amfani da su a kafofin watsa labarai na zamani daidai da biliyoyin daloli na Amurka - sake ginawa ne da aka samo daga rahoton al-Umari da Ibn Khaldun iri ɗaya, kuma yana nuna sarkar watsawa ɗaya maimakon shaidar da ba ta da tushe. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Masana tarihi suna ɗaukar sauya irin waɗannan alkaluman zuwa daidaitattun kuɗi na zamani a matsayin rashin inganci a fannin hanyoyin bincike, idan aka yi la'akari da gibin da ke tsakanin dabarun tattalin arziki na zinare na Sahelian na ƙarni na 14 da kuma ƙimar kadarorin zamani da kuma wahalar raba dukiyar sarki da ta gwamnati. {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} {{Sfn|Davidson|2015a}} Tunanin cewa sarkin Afirka ta Yamma ya fi kowa arziki a duniya ya riga Mansa Musa sama da shekaru 300; Ibn Hawqal (951) ya ce: "Sarkin [[Daular Ghana|Ghana]] shine sarki mafi arziki a duniya saboda taskokinsa da tarin zinare da aka ciro a zamanin da ga magabatansa da kansa." Ya ci gaba da bayyana irin wannan buƙatar daular ta nema na gishirin da aka shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of Ghana {{!}} African Studies Center |url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/teachingresources/history/ancient-to-medieval-history/k_o_ghana/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref> Arzikin Daular Mali bai fito daga ikon kai tsaye na yankunan da ke samar da zinare ba, sai dai daga ciniki da haraji. Waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun haɗu har zuwa kudu har zuwa Dajin Akan a ƙasar Ghana ta zamani, wadda a da aka fi sani da Gold Coast (ba za a iya rikita ta da Daular Ghana ba). A ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, 'yan Portugal suna samun kilo 400-550 (fam 880-1,200) na zinariya a kowace shekara daga wannan yanki ta hanyar ciniki. Birnin farko na mutanen Akan shine Bono Manso kuma muhimmin haɗin gwiwa ne na kasuwanci da Djenné . Zinaren da Musa ya kawo a hajjinsa wataƙila yana wakiltar shekaru da yawa na tarin haraji da Musa zai yi amfani da su wajen taruwa a farkon mulkinsa. Wani tushen samun kudin shiga ga Mali a zamanin mulkin Musa shine harajin cinikin jan ƙarfe. A cewar marubuta da dama na zamani, kamar Ibn Battuta, Ibn al-Dawadari da al-Umari, Mansa Musa ya ƙare kuɗinsa a lokacin tafiyarsa zuwa Makka kuma dole ne ya sayar da kadarori ya kuma aro daga 'yan kasuwar Masar akan babban riba a tafiyarsa ta dawowa. Al-Umari da Ibn Khaldun sun bayyana cewa ko dai ba a taɓa biyan masu ba da lamuni ba ko kuma an biya su wani ɓangare kawai. Wasu majiyoyi ba su yarda da ko an biya su diyya ba daga ƙarshe. == Bayyanar da hali == A cewar [[Ibn Kathir]], "Ya kasance kyakkyawan saurayi." Ibn Habib al-Halabi, wanda ya yi zamani da Ibn Kathir, ya bayyana Musa a matsayin "saurayi, mai launin ruwan kasa, mai kyakkyawar fuska da kuma kyawun fuska." {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Marubutan Larabci, kamar Ibn Battuta da Abdallah ibn Asad al-Yafii, sun yaba wa karimcin Musa, kyawawan halaye, da kuma basirarsa. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Ibn Khaldun ya ce "shi mutum ne mai adalci kuma babban sarki, kuma har yanzu ana ba da labaran adalcinsa." {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} == Bayanan ƙasa == == Manazarta == === Ambato ===   *   *  , translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} == Ƙarin karatu == * , fassara a cikin {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} da {{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamdun|King|2009}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.worldhistory.org/Mansa_Musa_I/ Mansa Musa I] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Duniya * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html Mansa Moussa: Aikin Hajjin Zinare] (an adana shi) a Tashar Tarihi ta History.com * [https://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/exhibitions/2019/caravans-of-gold,-fragments-in-time-art,-culture,-and-exchange-across-medieval-saharan-africa.html Caravans na Zinare, Gutsuttsura a Lokaci: Fasaha, Al'adu, da Musayar a Yammacin Saharar Afirka] a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Northwestern {{S-start}} {{S-reg}} {{Succession box|title=[[Mansa of the Mali Empire]]|before=[[Mohammed ibn Gao|Muhammad ibn Qu]]|after=[[Maghan]]|years=1312–1337}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Ƴan Afirka da suka mallaki bayi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7frcprtepxhfs3dmj8ivox8394wz6o3 967066 967065 2026-10-13T06:19:03Z Baffa ali 47435 967066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mansa Musa''' {{Efn|{{langx|ar|منسا موسى|Mansā Mūsā}}}} ( {{Circa|1280}}{{Spaced en dash}}{{Circa|1337}} ) shine ''Mansa'' na tara <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|1963}}</ref> na [[Daular Mali]], wanda ya kai kololuwar yankinsa a lokacin mulkinsa. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar mulkin Musa a matsayin babban abin da ya haifar da iko da martabar Mali, kodayake bai nuna wani abu mai yawa a cikin al'adun Mandinka kamar na magabatansa ba . Musa yana da arziki sosai, har ma mutanen zamaninsa sun kwatanta shi a matsayin mai arziki wanda ba za a iya tunaninsa ba; Mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' ta ruwaito: "Babu wata hanyar da za a sanya adadi mai kyau a kan dukiyarsa." Sun ambaci farfesa Richard Smith na tarihi a Kwalejin Ferrum, wanda ya ce Mali ita ce mafi girman masana'antar zinare a duniya a wancan lokacin, amma "majiyoyin zamani sun bayyana arzikin sarkin ta hanyar da ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin." An san daga rubuce-rubucen gida da kuma bayanan matafiya cewa arzikin Mansa Musa ya samo asali ne daga ikon Daular Mali da kuma harajin cinikin gishiri daga yankunan arewa, musamman daga zinare da aka haƙa aka kuma haƙa a [[Bambouk|Bambuk]] da Bure a kudu. A cikin dogon lokaci, Mali ta tara tarin zinare. Ana kyautata zaton Mali ta shiga cikin cinikin kayayyaki da yawa kamar hauren giwa, [[TARIHIN BAUTAR BAYI|bayi]], kayan ƙanshi, siliki, da yumbu. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu ba a san komai game da girman ko tsarin waɗannan sana'o'in ba. <ref name="natgeo">{{Cite web |title=Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819110054/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/mansa-musa-musa-i-mali/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=[[National Geographic]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na zinaren da ke yawo a Bahar Rum na Tsakiya ya fito ne daga Yammacin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Mark |date=May 1, 2019 |title=The Gold Trade of Ancient & Medieval West Africa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1383/the-gold-trade-of-ancient--medieval-west-africa/ |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> kuma wannan shine kusan rabin arzikin zinaren da ake samu [[Tsohuwar Duniya|a Duniyar Tsohuwar Duniya]] . Binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a kusa da garin Tadmekka ya nuna cewa 'yan Mali sun ƙirƙiro nasu tsarin tace zinare ta hanyar amfani da gilashin da aka narke da kuma cire ƙazanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Evan Nicole |date=2019-05-09 |title=Medieval Africans Had a Unique Process for Purifying Gold With Glass |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/medieval-african-gold |access-date=2026-05-22 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa zinare yana da yawa, jan ƙarfe yana da ƙarancin daraja a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara kuma "ana musayar shi da zinariya a farashin da za a ɗauka ba daidai ba ne bisa ga ƙa'idodin yau." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marot |first=Laurence |date=May 24, 2023 |title=Copper and Copper Alloys at the Time of the Kingdoms of Ghana and Mali |url=https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61643/chapter-abstract/539824767?redirectedFrom=fulltext |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology}}</ref> A lokacin da Musa ya hau karagar mulki, Mali ta ƙunshi mafi yawan yankin tsohuwar [[Daular Ghana]], wadda ta zama ƙabilar Mali. Daular Mali ta ƙunshi ƙasar da yanzu take cikin [[Gini|Guinea]], [[Senegal]], [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Gambiya|Gambia]], da kuma ƙasar [[Mali]] ta zamani wadda za ta kai girman 1,300,000.&nbsp;km ^2. Musa ya tafi [[aikin Hajji]] zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]] a shekarar 1324, yana tafiya tare da tarin jama'a da kuma tarin zinariya. A kan hanyarsa, ya yi lokaci a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda aka ce kyautar da ya bayar ta yi tasiri sosai ga darajar zinare a Masar {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} kuma ta jawo hankalin duniyar Musulmi baki ɗaya. Musa ya faɗaɗa iyakokin Daular Mali, musamman haɗa biranen [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] da [[Timbuktu]] cikin yankinta. Ya nemi kusanci da sauran al'ummar Musulmi, musamman sarakunan Mamluk da Marinid . Ya ɗauki malamai daga faɗin duniyar Musulmi don yin tafiya zuwa Mali, kamar mawaƙin Andalusian [[Al-Sahili|Abu Ishaq al-Sahili]], kuma ya taimaka wajen kafa Timbuktu a matsayin cibiyar ilimin Musulunci. Mulkinsa yana da alaƙa da ayyukan gine-gine da dama, ciki har da wani ɓangare na Masallacin Djinguereber da ke Timbuktu. == Suna da Lakabi == Sunan Annabi Mansa Musa Musa ( Arabic ), sunan [[Annabi Musa|Musa a Musulunci]] . {{Sfn|McKissack|McKissack|1994}} ''Mansa'', 'mai mulki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> ko 'sarki' <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|MacBrair|1873}}</ref> a Mandé, shine taken mai mulkin Daular Mali. A al'adar baka da ''tarihin Timbuktu'', Musa an ƙara kiransa da Kanku Musa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bell|1972}}</ref> {{Efn|The name is transcribed in the ''Tarikh al-Sudan'' as Kankan ({{langx|ar|كنكن|Kankan}}), which Cissoko concluded was a representation of the Mandinka woman's name Kanku.{{sfn|Cissoko|1969}}}} A al'adar Mandé, an saba amfani da sunan mutum da sunan mahaifiyarsa, don haka sunan Kanku Musa yana nufin "Musa, ɗan Kanku", kodayake ba a san ko asalin tarihin da aka ambata a zahiri ba ne. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Al-Yafii ya sanyawa Musa suna Musa bn Abi Bakr bn Abi al-Aswad ( Arabic ), {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} kuma [[Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani|Ibn Hajar]] ya sanya wa Musa suna Musa bn Abi Bakr Salim al-Takruri ( Arabic ). {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sau da yawa ana ba wa Musa lakabin [[Alhaji|Hajji]] a al'adar baki saboda ya yi aikin [[Aikin Hajji|hajji]] . {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} A [[Harsunan Songhay|yaren Songhai]], sarakunan Mali kamar Musa ana kiransu da Mali-koi, ''koi'' lakabi ne da ke nuna iko a kan wani yanki: a wata ma'anar, "mai mulkin Mali". <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> == Majiyoyin tarihi == Yawancin abin da aka sani game da Musa ya fito ne daga majiyoyin Larabci da aka rubuta bayan hajjinsa, musamman rubuce-rubucen Al-Umari da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] . A lokacin da yake birnin Alkahira a lokacin [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajjinsa]], Musa ya yi abota da jami'ai kamar Ibn Amir Hajib, wadanda suka koya masa labarinsa da kasarsa daga gare shi, daga baya kuma suka mika wannan ilimin ga masana tarihi kamar Al-Umari. {{Sfn|Al-Umari}} Ƙarin bayani ya fito ne daga rubuce-rubucen tarihi guda biyu na ƙarni na 17 da aka rubuta a [[Timbuktu]], wato ''Tarikh Ibn al-Mukhtar'' {{Efn|The ''Tarikh Ibn al-Mukhtar'' is a historiographical name for an untitled manuscript by Ibn al-Mukhtar. This document is also known as the ''Tarikh al-Fattash'', which Nobili and Mathee have argued is properly the title of a 19th-century document that used Ibn al-Mukhtar's text as a source. {{sfn|Nobili|Mathee|2015}}}} da ''Tarikh al-Sudan'' . {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Al'adar baki, kamar yadda ''jeliw'' ( sing. ''jeli'' ) ya yi, wanda aka fi sani da [[Griot|griots]], ya ƙunshi ɗan ƙaramin bayani game da Musa idan aka kwatanta da wasu sassan tarihin Mali, inda waɗanda suka yi nasara a kan magabacinsa suka sami ƙarin suna. [ 28 ] == Zuri'a == {{Lineage|1|-1|[[Naré Maghann Konaté|Nare Maghan]]{{efn|Name from oral tradition}}||2|1|1.&nbsp;[[Sundiata Keita|Sunjata]]||3|1|[[Mande Bori|Abu Bakr]]||4|2|2. [[Uli I of Mali|Uli]]||5|4|7. [[Gao (mansa)|Qu]]||6|5|8.&nbsp;[[Mohammed ibn Gao|Muhammad]]||7|3|Faga Leye{{efn|Name from oral tradition}}||8|7|'''9. Musa I'''||9|8|10. [[Maghan I|Magha I]]||10|9|13.&nbsp;[[Mari Djata II of Mali|Mari&nbsp;Jata&nbsp;II]]||11|10|14. [[Musa II of Mali|Musa&nbsp;II]]||12|10|15. [[Magha&nbsp;II]]||13|7|11.&nbsp;[[Sulayman of Mali|Sulayman]]||14|13|12. [[Kassa (mansa)|Qanba]]||align=right|caption=Genealogy of the mansas of the Mali Empire up to Magha II ({{died-in|{{circa|1389}}}}), based on Levtzion's interpretation of [[Ibn Khaldun]].{{sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Numbered individuals reigned as ''mansa''; the numbers indicate the order in which they reigned.{{efn|The sixth mansa, [[Mansa Sakura|Sakura]], is omitted from this chart as he was not related to the others. The third and fourth mansas (Wati and Khalifa), brothers of Uli, and the fifth (Abu Bakr), a nephew of Uli, Wati, and Khalifa, are omitted to save space.}}}}A cewar Djibril Tamsir Niane, ana kiran mahaifin Musa Faga Leye {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} kuma mahaifiyarsa tana iya zama Kanku. {{Efn|Musa's name Kanku Musa means "Musa son of Kanku", but the genealogy may not be literal.<ref>{{harvnb|Gomez|2018|pp=109–110}}</ref>}} Faga Leye ɗan Abu Bakr ne, ɗan'uwan Sunjata, mansa na farko na Daular Mali. {{Sfn|Niane|1959}} [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] bai ambaci Faga Leye ba, yana nufin Musa a matsayin Musa bn Abubakar. Ana iya fassara wannan a matsayin ko dai "Musa ɗan Abu Bakr" ko kuma "Musa ɗan Abu Bakr." Ba za a iya cewa Abu Bakr shine mahaifin Musa ba, saboda tsawon lokacin da ke tsakanin mulkin Sunjata da na Musa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|1963}}</ref> {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} [[Ibn Battuta]], wanda ya ziyarci Mali a lokacin mulkin ɗan'uwan Musa Sulayman, ya ce an sanya wa kakan Musa suna Sariq Jata. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Sariq Jata na iya zama wani suna na Sunjata, wanda a zahiri kakan Musa ne. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Wannan, tare da amfani da sunan 'Musa ibn Abu Bakr' da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya yi, ya sa masanin tarihi Francois-Xavier Fauvelle ya gabatar da cewa Musa a zahiri ɗan Abu Bakr I ne, jikan Sunjata ta hanyar 'yarsa. Daga baya an yi ƙoƙarin kawar da wannan gadon da wataƙila ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ta hanyar layin mace, wanda hakan ya haifar da rudani a cikin majiyoyin game da asalin Musa. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} Ƙiyayya ga reshen Musa na daular Keita shi ma zai iya bayyana rashin kasancewarsa ko kuma mummunan hali da ya fuskanta ta hanyar tarihin baki. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} == Rayuwar farko da kuma samun iko == Ba a san ranar haihuwar Musa ba, amma da alama saurayi ne a shekara ta 1324. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} ''Tarikh al-fattash'' ya yi ikirarin cewa Musa ya kashe Kanku bisa kuskure a wani lokaci kafin ya tafi aikin hajji. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Musa ya hau mulki a farkon shekarun 1300 {{Efn|The exact date of Musa's accession is debated. Ibn Khaldun claims Musa reigned for 25 years, so his accession is dated to 25 years before his death. Musa's death may have occurred in 1337, 1332, or possibly even earlier, giving 1307 or 1312 as plausible approximate years of accession. 1312 is the most widely accepted by modern historians.<ref name="Bell 1972">{{harvnb|Bell|1972}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Levtzion|1963|pp=349–350}}</ref>}} a cikin yanayi marasa tabbas. A cewar labarin Musa, wanda ya gabace shi a matsayin Mansa na Mali, wanda ake kyautata zaton Muhammad ibn Qu, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Fauvelle|2018}}</ref> ya ƙaddamar da balaguro guda biyu don bincika [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]] (jiragen ruwa 200 don aikin bincike na farko da jiragen ruwa 2,000 don na biyu). Mansa ne ya jagoranci tafiyar ta biyu da kansa kuma ya naɗa Musa a matsayin mataimakinsa don ya mulki daular har sai ya dawo. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}</ref> Da bai dawo ba, aka naɗa Musa a matsayin mansa da kansa, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa zuriyar Sunjata ta koma zuriyar ɗan'uwansa Abu Bakr. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ibn Khaldun}}</ref> Wasu masana tarihi na zamani sun nuna shakku kan yadda Musa ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru, suna nuna cewa wataƙila ya tuɓe magajinsa kuma ya ƙirƙiro labarin tafiyar don bayyana yadda ya karɓi mulki. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Thornton|2012}}</ref> Duk da haka, masana tarihi da dama sun ɗauki yiwuwar irin wannan tafiya da muhimmanci. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Devisse|Labib|1984}} {{Sfn|Thornton|2012}} == Mulkin farko == Musa matashi ne lokacin da ya zama ''Mansa'', wataƙila yana cikin farkon shekarunsa na ashirin. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Ganin girman aikin ''[[Aikin Hajji|hajjinsa]]'' na gaba, Musa wataƙila ya shafe mafi yawan shekarun mulkinsa na farko yana shirye-shiryen hakan. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen akwai yiwuwar hare-hare don kamawa da kuma bautar da mutane daga ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da su, domin tawagar Musa za ta haɗa da dubban bayi; masanin tarihi Michael Gomez ya kiyasta cewa Mali na iya kama bayi sama da 6,000 a kowace shekara don wannan dalili. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Wataƙila saboda wannan, farkon mulkin Musa ya kasance yana cikin yaƙin soja da al'ummomin da ba Musulmi ba maƙwabta. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} A shekara ta 1324, yayin da yake birnin Alkahira, Musa ya ce ya ci birane 24 da gundumomin da ke kewaye da su. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> == Aikin Hajji zuwa Makka == [[File:Mansa_Moussa_on_the_map_of_Angelino_Dulcert.jpg|thumb| Mansa Moussa ( ''Rex Melly'' ) a taswirar Angelino Dulcert (1339)]] Musa [[Musulmi]] ne, kuma [[Aikin Hajji|aikin hajjinsa]], ko kuma aikin hajjinsa zuwa [[Makkah|Makka]], ya sa ya shahara a faɗin [[Arewacin Afirka]] da [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] . Ga Musa, Musulunci "shiga ce ta duniyar da aka san ta da al'adun Gabas ta Bahar Rum". <ref name="Goodwin110">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Goodwin|1957}}.</ref> Da ya shafe lokaci mai tsawo yana ƙarfafa ci gaban addini a cikin daularsa. Lokacin da Musa ya bar Mali don aikin Hajji, ya bar ɗansa Muhammad ya yi mulki a bayansa. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> Musa ya yi aikin hajjinsa tsakanin 1324 da 1325, tsawonsa ya kai mil 2700. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Marubutan tarihi na Larabci da ke rubuce-rubuce bayan taron sun bayar da adadi daban-daban game da girman ayarin Musa da kuma adadin zinaren da aka yi jigilarsa, kuma masana tarihi na zamani suna ɗaukar waɗannan lambobi a matsayin maganganun magana maimakon ƙididdiga. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} A cewar alkaluman da aka adana a cikin labaran Larabci na baya, jerin gwanon nasa ya ƙunshi [[Bauta|bayi]] sama da 12,000, duk sanye da siliki mai kauri da siliki na Yemen {{Sfn|Cuoq|1985}} kuma kowannensu ya ce yana ɗauke da {{Convert|4|lb}} na sandunan zinariya, tare da masu shelar albishir sanye da siliki ɗauke da sandunan zinariya waɗanda ke shirya dawakai da jakunkunan sarrafawa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}} An ruwaito cewa Musa ya samar da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata don jerin gwanon, yana ciyar da dukkan taron mutane da dabbobi. <ref name="Goodwin110" /> Majiyoyin sun bayyana cewa ayarin ya ƙunshi [[Raƙumi|raƙuma]] 80, kowannensu ya ce yana ɗauke da raƙuma tsakanin {{Convert|50|–|300|lb}} na ƙurar zinare — wani yanki wanda ke nuna rashin duk wani ƙidayar zamani da aka bincika kuma masana tarihi na zamani suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban tushe na adabi maimakon ma'auni. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} An ce Musa ya raba zinare ga talakawa a kan hanyarsa da kuma biranen da ya ratsa a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Makka, ciki har da [[Kairo|Alkahira]] da [[Madinah|Madina]], kuma an ruwaito cewa yana gina [[masallaci]] kowace Juma'a. Shihab al-Din al-Umari, wanda ya ziyarci Alkahira jim kaɗan bayan aikin hajji kuma shine tushen mafi yawan waɗannan labaran, ya bayyana jerin gwanon a matsayin "nuna ƙarfi, arziki, da kuma wanda ba a taɓa gani ba ta hanyar girmansa da kuma kyawunsa". Musa da tawagarsa sun isa gefen birnin Alkahira a watan Yulin 1324. Sun yi sansani na tsawon kwanaki uku kusa da [[Tsarin pyramid na Giza|Dala na Giza]] kafin su tsallaka Kogin Nilu zuwa Alkahira a ranar 19 ga Yuli. {{Efn|26 Rajab 724}} {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Yayin da yake birnin Alkahira, Musa ya haɗu da sarkin Mamluk al-Nasir Muhammad, wanda mulkinsa ya riga ya ga wani ''mansa'', [[Mansa Sakura|Sakura]], yana yin aikin Hajji. Al-Nasir ya yi tsammanin Musa zai yi masa sujada, wanda da farko Musa ya ƙi yin hakan. Lokacin da Musa ya yi sujada a ƙarshe, sai ya ce yana yin haka ne don Allah kaɗai. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Duk da wannan rashin jin daɗi na farko, sarakunan biyu sun yi zaman lafiya sosai kuma sun yi musayar kyaututtuka. Musa da tawagarsa sun bayar kuma sun yi rayuwa cikin 'yanci yayin da suke birnin Alkahira. Musa ya zauna a [[Birnin Matattu (Alkahira)|gundumar Qarafa]] da ke birnin Alkahira, ya kuma yi abota da gwamnanta, ibn Amir Hajib, wanda ya koyi abubuwa da yawa game da Mali daga gare shi. Musa ya zauna a birnin Alkahira na tsawon watanni uku, inda ya tashi a ranar 18 ga Oktoba {{Efn|28 Shawwal}} tare da ayarin da aka tura zuwa Makka. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Karimcin Musa ya ci gaba yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Makka, kuma ya ba da kyaututtuka ga sauran mahajjata da mutanen [[Madinah|Madina]] da Makka. A lokacin da suke Makka, rikici ya barke tsakanin wani gungun mahajjata 'yan Mali da kuma wani gungun mahajjata 'yan Turkiyya a [[Masjid al-Haram|Masallacin Haram]] . An zare takubba, amma kafin lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara, Musa ya shawo kan mutanensa su ja da baya. {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Musa da tawagarsa sun daɗe a Makka bayan ranar ƙarshe ta aikin Hajji. Tafiyarsu daban da babbar ayarin, tafiyarsu ta dawowa Alkahira ta fuskanci bala'i. Lokacin da suka isa [[Suez]], da yawa daga cikin mahajjatan Mali sun mutu sakamakon sanyi, yunwa, ko hare-haren 'yan fashi, kuma sun rasa kayansu da yawa. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Bayan kuɗi ya ƙare, Musa da tawagarsa sun tilasta musu karɓar bashi kuma suka sake sayar da mafi yawan abin da suka saya a lokacin da suke Alƙahira kafin aikin Hajji, kuma Musa ya ci bashi ga wasu 'yan kasuwa kamar Siraj al-Din. Duk da haka, Al-Nasir Muhammad ya mayar wa Musa da kyautar da ya bayar a baya. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} A tafiyarsa ta dawowa, Musa ya haɗu da mawaƙin Andalusi [[Al-Sahili|Abu Ishaq al-Sahili]], wanda iya magana da iliminsa na shari'a suka burge shi, kuma ya shawo kansa ya yi tafiya tare da shi zuwa Mali. {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Sauran malaman da Musa ya kawo Mali sun haɗa da [[Malikiyya|malaman Maliki]] . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Al-Umari}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> A cewar ''Tarikh al-Sudan'', biranen [[Gao (gari)|Gao]] da [[Timbuktu]] sun miƙa wuya ga mulkin Musa yayin da yake tafiya a cikinsa lokacin da ya dawo Mali. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|al-Sadi}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Hunwick|1999}}</ref> Duk da haka, da wuya a ce wata ƙungiyar mahajjata, ko da kuwa tana da makamai, za ta iya cin nasara a kan birni mai arziki da ƙarfi. {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} A cewar wani labari da [[Ibn Kaldun|ibn Khaldun]] ya bayar, janar Musa Saghmanja ya ci Gao da yaƙi. Wani labarin kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa an ci Gao da yaƙi a zamanin mulkin [[Mansa Sakura]] . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ibn Khaldun}}, translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}}</ref> Ikon Mali a Gao wataƙila ya yi rauni, wanda hakan ya sa dole sai mansas masu ƙarfi su sake tabbatar da ikonsu lokaci-lokaci, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1973}} ko kuma kawai kuskure ne daga al-Sadi, marubucin ''Tarikh'' . {{Sfn|Fauvelle|2022}} === Gine-gine a Mali === A bisa ga wata al'ada da ta daɗe a tarihin tarihi na ƙarni na sha tara da ashirin, Musa ya kawo masu gine-gine daga [[Andalusia]] da Alkahira don gina fadarsa a Timbuktu da kuma babban Masallacin Djinguereber wanda har yanzu yake nan, tare da mawaƙin Granadan [[Al-Sahili|Abū Isḥāq al-Sāḥilī]] wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin babban mai tsara shi. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Bayanan da suka biyo baya sun tabbatar da wannan matsayin sosai. JO Hunwick ya nuna cewa aikin da aka danganta da al-Sāḥilī kawai a cikin majiyoyin Larabci shine ɗakin sauraron sarauta a birnin Mali - wanda [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya rubuta biyan ''kuɗin'' zinare 12,000 (kimanin 51)&nbsp;kg) — kuma cewa rawar da al-Sāḥilī ya taka a can ta kasance ta ado da tsari maimakon ta mai zane-zanen gine-gine. {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Dangane da al'adar Sudano-Sahelian mai faɗi, masanin tarihin gine-gine [[Labelle Prussin]] ya yi jayayya cewa tsarin ƙasa ( [[Adobe|banco]] ) na lanƙwasa na [[Neja (kogi)|Nijar]], tare da haskensa na Toronto, yana wakiltar haɗakar ayyukan ƙira na asali na Afirka ta Yamma da Musulunci na tsawon ƙarni maimakon shigo da su daga al-Andalus ko Maghreb; {{Sfn|Prussin|1986}} masanin kimiyya na zamani ya ɗauki hoton al-Sāḥilī a matsayin wanda ya kafa gine-ginen masallatan Afirka ta Yamma a matsayin tatsuniyar tarihi maimakon wata hujja ta tarihi da aka kafa. {{Sfn|Prussin|1986}} {{Sfn|Hunwick|1990}} Binciken da [[Susan Keech McIntosh|Susan]] da [[Roderick McIntosh]] suka yi a Djenné-Djenno ya tabbatar da cewa matsugunan dindindin, samar da kayayyaki masu sarkakiya da kuma aikin ƙarfe sun riga sun kasance a cikin [[Inner Niger Delta|Neja Delta na cikin gida]] a ƙarni na uku kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa - tare da hanyoyin musayar nesa da aka tabbatar a matakai na gaba na wurin - yana nuna cewa gine-ginen gine-gine da ababen more rayuwa na birane da shirin ginin Musa ya dogara da su al'ada ce ta asali ta asali maimakon shigo da su daga zamaninsa. {{Sfn|McIntosh|McIntosh|1980}} === Tattalin arziki da ilimi === [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb| Masallacin Djinguereber, wanda Mansa Musa ya kaddamar a 1327]] Ba da daɗewa ba Timbuktu ta zama cibiyar kasuwanci, al'adu, da Musulunci; an kawo kasuwanni daga [[Hausa Bakwai|ƙasar Hausa]], Masar, da sauran masarautun Afirka, an kafa jami'a a birnin (da kuma a biranen Mali na [[Djenné]] da [[Ségou]] ), kuma Musulunci ya yaɗu ta kasuwanni da jami'o'i, wanda hakan ya sanya Timbuktu ta zama sabon yanki na ilimin Musulunci. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Labarin birnin arziki na daular Mali ya yi ta yawo a cikin Bahar Rum zuwa kudancin Turai, inda 'yan kasuwa daga [[Venezia|Venice]], [[Granada]], da [[Genoa]] suka ƙara Timbuktu a taswirarsu don cinikin kayayyakin da aka ƙera da zinariya. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} An sake gina Jami'ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu a zamanin mulkin Musa tare da masana shari'a, masana ilmin taurari, da kuma masana lissafi. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Goodwin|1957}}.</ref> Jami'ar ta zama cibiyar ilmantarwa da al'adu, inda ta jawo hankalin malaman Musulunci daga ko'ina cikin Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Timbuktu. A shekara ta 1330, masarautar Mossi ta mamaye birnin Timbuktu ta kuma kwace shi. Janar Musa ya riga ya kama Gao, kuma Musa ya dawo da Timbuktu cikin sauri, ya gina katanga da katangar dutse, sannan ya sanya rundunar sojoji da ke tsaye don kare birnin daga mamaya nan gaba. {{Sfn|De Villiers|Hirtle|2007}} Duk da cewa fadar Musa ta ɓace tun daga lokacin, jami'a da masallaci har yanzu suna nan a Timbuktu. [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb| Daular Mali a lokacin rasuwar Musa]] Ba a san ranar da Mansa Musa ya mutu ba. Ta amfani da tsawon mulkin da [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]] ya ruwaito don ƙididdigewa daga mutuwar Mansa Suleyman a shekara ta 1360, da Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Duk da haka, Ibn Khaldun ya kuma ruwaito cewa Musa ya aika da wakili don taya Abu al-Hasan Ali murna kan nasarar da ya samu a [[Tlemcen]], wanda ya faru a watan Mayu na 1337, amma lokacin da Abu al-Hasan ya aika da wakili don mayar da martani, Musa ya mutu kuma Suleyman yana kan karagar mulki, yana nuna cewa Musa ya mutu a shekara ta 1337. {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} Sabanin haka, al-Umari, yana rubuta shekaru goma sha biyu bayan hajjin Musa, a kusan shekara ta 1337, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} ya yi iƙirarin cewa Musa ya koma Mali da nufin yin hijira ya koma Makka ya zauna amma ya mutu kafin ya iya yin hakan, {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} yana nuna cewa ya mutu tun kafin shekara ta 1332. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Mai yiyuwa ne a zahiri dan Musa Maghan ne ya taya Abu al-Hasan, ko kuma Maghan wanda ya karbi manzon Abu al-Hasan bayan rasuwar Musa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Wannan yiwuwar ta ƙarshe ta tabbata ne ta hanyar Ibn Khaldun yana kiran ɗan Suleyman Musa a cikin wannan nassin, yana nuna cewa wataƙila ya rikitar da ɗan Musa Suleyman da ɗan Musa Maghan. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} A madadin haka, yana yiwuwa a ce mulkin shekaru huɗu na Ibn Khaldun ya ambaci Maghan da ya yi magana a kan mulkinsa na Mali yayin da Musa yake tafiya aikin hajji, kuma ya yi mulki na ɗan lokaci ne kawai a cikin ikonsa. {{Sfn|Bell|1972}} Nehemia Levtzion ya ɗauki 1337 a matsayin ranar da ta fi dacewa, {{Sfn|Levtzion|1963}} wanda wasu malamai suka yarda da ita. {{Sfn|Sapong|2016}} {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} == Gado == Ana ɗaukar mulkin Musa a matsayin zamanin zinare na Mali, amma wannan fahimta na iya zama sakamakon mulkinsa wanda ya fi kowanne da aka rubuta ta hanyar majiyoyin Larabci, maimakon a ce shi ne mafi arziki da iko a Mali. {{Sfn|Canós-Donnay|2019}} Yankin Daular Mali ya kasance mafi tsayi a lokacin mulkin Musa da ɗan'uwansa Sulayman, kuma ya mamaye yankin Sudan-Sahel na Yammacin Afirka. {{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Musa ba a san shi sosai a al'adar baki ta Mandé kamar yadda ''jeliw'' ke yi ba. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gomez|2018}}</ref> Ana sukarsa da rashin aminci ga al'ada, kuma wasu daga cikin ''masu tsattsauran ra'ayi'' suna ɗaukar Musa a matsayin wanda ya ɓata dukiyar Mali. {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} {{Sfn|Niane|1984}} Duk da haka, wasu fannoni na Musa sun bayyana an haɗa su cikin wani mutum a cikin al'adar baki ta Mandé da aka sani da Fajigi, wanda ke fassara a matsayin "uban bege". Ana tuna Fajigi a matsayin wanda ya yi tafiya zuwa Makka don ɗauko abubuwan al'ada da aka sani da ''boliw'', waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin addinin gargajiya na Mandé. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} A matsayinsa na Fajigi, Musa wani lokacin ana haɗa shi da wani mutum a cikin al'adar baki mai suna Fakoli, wanda aka fi sani da babban janar na Sunjata. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} Siffar Fajigi ta haɗa Musulunci da kuma imani na gargajiya. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} Sunan "Musa" ya zama kamar na aikin hajji a al'adar Mandé, ta yadda wasu mutane da ake tunawa da su a matsayin waɗanda suka je aikin hajji, kamar Fakoli, suma ake kiransu Musa. {{Sfn|Conrad|1992}} === Wasu taswirorin da ke nuna siffofi irin na Mansa Musa ko Mansa Musa === A shekara ta 1525, mai yin taswirar Sicily Jacopo Russo ya ƙirƙiri ''Taswirar Mansa Musa'' don girmama shi. Wannan al'ada ta nuna wani mai arziki a yammacin Afirka ta samo asali ne daga taswirar Angelino Dulcert ta 1339, Atlas ɗin Catalan na 1375 da wasu taswirorin Turai da dama waɗanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga Hadj na Mansa Musa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Eleanor |date=14 July 2022 |title=African kings on medieval and Renaissance maps |url=https://www.bl.uk/stories/blogs/posts/african-kings-on-medieval-and-renaissance-maps |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=British Library}}</ref> [[File:Mana_Musa_holding_gold.jpg|thumb| Taswirar Jacopo Russo ta ci gaba da al'adar nuna wani sarkin Afirka yana sayar da zinare ga 'yan kasuwa ƙarnuka bayan mutuwar Mansa Musa <ref name=":1" />]] [[File:Mansa_Musa_dressed_like_European.jpg|thumb| Wani taswirar da aka yi a Ancona, Italiya (wajen 1529) na Conte di Ottomanno Freducci. An kwatanta shi da fari a salon Turai. Rubutu da aka fassara daga Latin: 'Wannan sarki Mansa Musa yana mulkin lardin Guinea kuma ba shi da wayo da ilimi fiye da iko. Yana da ƙwararrun masana lissafi da kuma mutane masu ƙwarewa a fannin fasaha, kuma yana da wadata mai yawa, domin yana kusa da reshen kogin Nilu wanda ake kira Tekun Zinare. Daga nan ake kawo ƙurar zinariya ko ''tibr'' mai yawa, kuma wannan hanya ce ta cikin masarautarsa, kuma waɗannan yankuna sun cika da duk abubuwan da ke sama da ƙasa, musamman a cikin dabino da manna, da mafi kyawun duk sauran abubuwan da za a iya samu - ba su da gishiri kawai. <ref name=":1" />]] [[File:African_monarchs.jpg|thumb| Cikakkun bayanai game da sarakunan Afirka, 'Sarkin Mali', 'Sarkin Nubia' da 'Manicongo', (Mai mulkin masarautar Kongo) daga Sarauniya Mary Atlas (an kammala a shekara ta 1558) ta Diogo Homem <ref name=":1" />]] === Dukiya === Mansa Musa sananne ne saboda wadatarsa da karimcinsa, kuma ya zama "alama ta dukiya mai ban mamaki". <ref name="natgeo" /> Duk da cewa wasu labarai da dama a yanar gizo a karni na 21 sun yi ikirarin cewa Mansa Musa shine mutum mafi arziki a kowane lokaci, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-01-11 |title=Who is richest person of all time? From Mansa Musa to Jeff Bezos |url=https://theweek.com/90890/who-is-richest-person-of-all-time-from-mansa-musa-to-jeff-bezos |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=[[The Week]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Faye |date=2022-10-29 |title=The 10 richest people who ever lived – net worths, ranked |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3197600/10-richest-people-who-ever-lived-net-worths-ranked-elon-musk-and-jeff-bezos-dont-come-close-genghis |access-date=2026-06-21 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref> masana tarihi kamar Hadrien Collet sun yi jayayya cewa dukiyar Musa ba za a iya kirga ta daidai ba. {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Majiyoyin Larabci na zamani wataƙila suna ƙoƙarin bayyana cewa Musa yana da zinare fiye da yadda suke tsammani, maimakon ƙoƙarin bayar da adadi daidai. {{Sfn|Davidson|2015b}} Musa da kansa ya ƙara nuna cewa yana da wadata mai yawa, wadda ba ta ƙarewa ta hanyar yaɗa jita-jita cewa zinariya tana girma kamar shuka a masarautarsa. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' ya bayyana cewa "ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mutum mafi arziki a tarihi". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mūsā I of Mali |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |website=britannica.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801000000*/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Musa-I-of-Mali |website=Internet Archive: Wayback Machine}}</ref> A cewar wasu marubutan Larabci, kyautar da Musa ya bayar ta haifar da raguwar darajar zinariya a Masar. Al-Umari ya ce kafin zuwan Musa, ''mithqal'' na zinariya yana da darajar ''dirhami'' 25 na azurfa, amma ya faɗi ƙasa da ''dirhami'' 22 bayan haka kuma bai wuce wannan adadin ba tsawon akalla shekaru goma sha biyu. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} Ko da yake an bayyana wannan a matsayin wanda ya "lalace" tattalin arzikin Masar, {{Sfn|Mohamud|2019}} masanin tarihi Warren Schultz ya yi jayayya cewa wannan yana cikin canjin darajar zinare a Mamluk Masar. {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} A cewar Graham Abney, wannan ambaliyar tattalin arzikin Masar wataƙila wani yunƙuri ne da Musa ya yi da gangan na sauya Mali a matsayin babbar ƙasa da zarar ya isa can. Kiyasin cewa Musa ya kawo har tan 18 na zinariya a aikin hajjinsa - alkaluman da wani lokacin ake amfani da su a kafofin watsa labarai na zamani daidai da biliyoyin daloli na Amurka - sake ginawa ne da aka samo daga rahoton al-Umari da Ibn Khaldun iri ɗaya, kuma yana nuna sarkar watsawa ɗaya maimakon shaidar da ba ta da tushe. {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} {{Sfn|Schultz|2006}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Masana tarihi suna ɗaukar sauya irin waɗannan alkaluman zuwa daidaitattun kuɗi na zamani a matsayin rashin inganci a fannin hanyoyin bincike, idan aka yi la'akari da gibin da ke tsakanin dabarun tattalin arziki na zinare na Sahelian na ƙarni na 14 da kuma ƙimar kadarorin zamani da kuma wahalar raba dukiyar sarki da ta gwamnati. {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} {{Sfn|Davidson|2015a}} Tunanin cewa sarkin Afirka ta Yamma ya fi kowa arziki a duniya ya riga Mansa Musa sama da shekaru 300; Ibn Hawqal (951) ya ce: "Sarkin [[Daular Ghana|Ghana]] shine sarki mafi arziki a duniya saboda taskokinsa da tarin zinare da aka ciro a zamanin da ga magabatansa da kansa." Ya ci gaba da bayyana irin wannan buƙatar daular ta nema na gishirin da aka shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of Ghana {{!}} African Studies Center |url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/outreach/teachingresources/history/ancient-to-medieval-history/k_o_ghana/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref> Arzikin Daular Mali bai fito daga ikon kai tsaye na yankunan da ke samar da zinare ba, sai dai daga ciniki da haraji. Waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci sun haɗu har zuwa kudu har zuwa Dajin Akan a ƙasar Ghana ta zamani, wadda a da aka fi sani da Gold Coast (ba za a iya rikita ta da Daular Ghana ba). A ƙarshen ƙarni na 15, 'yan Portugal suna samun kilo 400-550 (fam 880-1,200) na zinariya a kowace shekara daga wannan yanki ta hanyar ciniki. Birnin farko na mutanen Akan shine Bono Manso kuma muhimmin haɗin gwiwa ne na kasuwanci da Djenné . Zinaren da Musa ya kawo a hajjinsa wataƙila yana wakiltar shekaru da yawa na tarin haraji da Musa zai yi amfani da su wajen taruwa a farkon mulkinsa. Wani tushen samun kudin shiga ga Mali a zamanin mulkin Musa shine harajin cinikin jan ƙarfe. A cewar marubuta da dama na zamani, kamar Ibn Battuta, Ibn al-Dawadari da al-Umari, Mansa Musa ya ƙare kuɗinsa a lokacin tafiyarsa zuwa Makka kuma dole ne ya sayar da kadarori ya kuma aro daga 'yan kasuwar Masar akan babban riba a tafiyarsa ta dawowa. Al-Umari da Ibn Khaldun sun bayyana cewa ko dai ba a taɓa biyan masu ba da lamuni ba ko kuma an biya su wani ɓangare kawai. Wasu majiyoyi ba su yarda da ko an biya su diyya ba daga ƙarshe. == Bayyanar da hali == A cewar [[Ibn Kathir]], "Ya kasance kyakkyawan saurayi." Ibn Habib al-Halabi, wanda ya yi zamani da Ibn Kathir, ya bayyana Musa a matsayin "saurayi, mai launin ruwan kasa, mai kyakkyawar fuska da kuma kyawun fuska." {{Sfn|Gomez|2018}} Marubutan Larabci, kamar Ibn Battuta da Abdallah ibn Asad al-Yafii, sun yaba wa karimcin Musa, kyawawan halaye, da kuma basirarsa. {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} {{Sfn|Collet|2019}} Ibn Khaldun ya ce "shi mutum ne mai adalci kuma babban sarki, kuma har yanzu ana ba da labaran adalcinsa." {{Sfn|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} == Bayanan ƙasa == == Manazarta == === Ambato ===   *   *  , translated in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} == Ƙarin karatu == * , fassara a cikin {{Harvard citation no brackets|Levtzion|Hopkins|2000}} da {{Harvard citation no brackets|Hamdun|King|2009}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.worldhistory.org/Mansa_Musa_I/ Mansa Musa I] a cikin Kundin Tarihi na Duniya * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html Mansa Moussa: Aikin Hajjin Zinare] (an adana shi) a Tashar Tarihi ta History.com * [https://www.blockmuseum.northwestern.edu/exhibitions/2019/caravans-of-gold,-fragments-in-time-art,-culture,-and-exchange-across-medieval-saharan-africa.html Caravans na Zinare, Gutsuttsura a Lokaci: Fasaha, Al'adu, da Musayar a Yammacin Saharar Afirka] a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Jami'ar Northwestern {{S-start}} {{S-reg}} {{Succession box|title=[[Mansa of the Mali Empire]]|before=[[Mohammed ibn Gao|Muhammad ibn Qu]]|after=[[Maghan]]|years=1312–1337}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Ƴan Afirka da suka mallaki bayi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2t9xksfdfd41s1ftjlo1a2dqbcbw8oj 0 10101 966893 511515 2026-10-12T17:51:29Z DanJuuma 14836 966893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' Ƙaramar hukuma ce, kuma takasance daya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n dasuke a [[Jihar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] wadda ke a shiyar Arewa maso Gabas a kasar [[Nijeriya]]. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] 2czk22t6vin08zc3sgc74aoow6otkjx 966895 966893 2026-10-12T17:58:14Z DanJuuma 14836 966895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar Taraba, Najeriya. Garin yana gefen kudancin Kogin Benuwai, a daidai inda ƙaramin Kogin Shemankar yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da Kogin Donga su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] 1w4nr8fy7sqyjc8z3szpw9e79t1ld0a 966896 966895 2026-10-12T17:58:39Z DanJuuma 14836 966896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], Najeriya. Garin yana gefen kudancin Kogin Benuwai, a daidai inda ƙaramin Kogin Shemankar yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da Kogin Donga su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] n0kz8vtol344a6b2762ryjrhiqpvyr6 966897 966896 2026-10-12T17:59:04Z DanJuuma 14836 966897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin Kogin Benuwai, a daidai inda ƙaramin Kogin Shemankar yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da Kogin Donga su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] jhyb148yzrk29m9i77bojgo2wpn20h2 966898 966897 2026-10-12T18:00:09Z DanJuuma 14836 966898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin Kogin Shemankar yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da Kogin Donga su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] ryep5ua58rod6w3bladf89lzgitify0 966899 966898 2026-10-12T18:01:22Z DanJuuma 14836 966899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da Kogin Donga su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] m5rdrl3kcklmp54ug3782p5bte42b0h 966900 966899 2026-10-12T18:01:56Z DanJuuma 14836 966900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] qrbfv1deti4ybzzvs6a9yh1qe2bmbnh 966901 966900 2026-10-12T18:02:37Z DanJuuma 14836 966901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''[[Kogin Shemankar]]'' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] plli92qqrzrmzq40rr7gu310537q56y 966902 966901 2026-10-12T18:03:23Z DanJuuma 14836 966902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''[[Kogin Benuwai]] '',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] o2qad5x7o0tsqg1o27mf5jh0hkg8dbo 966903 966902 2026-10-12T18:03:49Z DanJuuma 14836 966903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] qrbfv1deti4ybzzvs6a9yh1qe2bmbnh 966904 966903 2026-10-12T18:05:00Z DanJuuma 14836 966904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. Ibi na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] 97wpgvxch4vq92ujr2r79j55wtse2da 966905 966904 2026-10-12T18:05:21Z DanJuuma 14836 966905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] juipe99rp790qxbcy7rvk0k2gt7xjv9 966906 966905 2026-10-12T18:06:15Z DanJuuma 14836 966906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. Ƙaramar Hukumar Ibi tana da unguwanni guda 10, waɗanda suka haɗa da: {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] 8gkm6nt00ivn7y0uuwlrc74xw4z9eh9 966908 966906 2026-10-12T18:07:36Z DanJuuma 14836 966908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. Ƙaramar Hukumar Ibi tana da unguwanni guda 10, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Dampar I Dampar II Dampar III Ibi Nwonyo I Ibi Nwonyo II Ibi Rimi Uku I Ibi Rimi Uku II Sarkin Kudu I Sarkin Kudu II Sarkin Kudu III {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] a8eyu3izsf0v3535i2vdfczr806chma 966909 966908 2026-10-12T18:13:56Z DanJuuma 14836 966909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. Ƙaramar Hukumar Ibi tana da unguwanni guda 10, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Dampar I Dampar II Dampar III Ibi Nwonyo I Ibi Nwonyo II Ibi Rimi Uku I Ibi Rimi Uku II Sarkin Kudu I Sarkin Kudu II Sarkin Kudu III == Tarihi == ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] oq3xg475zyseztxxvwgzpxytkyibfhd 966910 966909 2026-10-12T18:14:20Z DanJuuma 14836 /* Tarihi */ 966910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. Ƙaramar Hukumar Ibi tana da unguwanni guda 10, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Dampar I Dampar II Dampar III Ibi Nwonyo I Ibi Nwonyo II Ibi Rimi Uku I Ibi Rimi Uku II Sarkin Kudu I Sarkin Kudu II Sarkin Kudu III == Tarihi == Ibi tana a wurin da tsohuwar hanyar kasuwanci ta ƙasa daga gabashin ƙasar Igbo take haɗuwa da hanyar kasuwanci ta ruwa da ke kan Kogin Benue. Garin gida ne ga al’ummomin Jukun Wanu da Wurbo, waɗanda mafi yawansu masunta ne, musamman waɗanda ke zaune a gefen kogin da kuma yankunan da ke sama da rafin. ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] ryg6btcgovjejehh22u5zdicle04qqb 966911 966910 2026-10-12T18:15:21Z DanJuuma 14836 /* Tarihi */ 966911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ibi Ravine.jpg|thumb|Teku]] [[Fayil:Ibi (Alicante).JPG|thumb|ibi]] '''Ibi''' gari ne da kuma gundumar gudanarwa da ke a Jihar [[Taraba]], [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana gefen kudancin '''Kogin Benuwai''',a daidai inda ƙaramin '''Kogin Shemankar''' yake haɗuwa da shi. Kogin Taraba da [[Kogin Donga]] su ma suna kwarara zuwa Kogin Benuwai a cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ibi. '''Ibi''' na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 16 da ke Jihar Taraba. Shugaban da aka zaɓa ne ke jagorantar ƙaramar hukumar. Ƙaramar Hukumar Ibi tana da unguwanni guda 10, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Dampar I Dampar II Dampar III Ibi Nwonyo I Ibi Nwonyo II Ibi Rimi Uku I Ibi Rimi Uku II Sarkin Kudu I Sarkin Kudu II Sarkin Kudu III == Tarihi == Ibi tana a wurin da tsohuwar hanyar kasuwanci ta ƙasa daga gabashin ƙasar Igbo take haɗuwa da hanyar kasuwanci ta ruwa da ke kan Kogin Benue. Garin gida ne ga al’ummomin Jukun Wanu da Wurbo, waɗanda mafi yawansu masunta ne, musamman waɗanda ke zaune a gefen kogin da kuma yankunan da ke sama da rafin. A shekarar 1899, Kamfanin Niger (Niger Company) ya kafa tashar kasuwanci a Ibi. Zuwa shekarar 1901 kuma, an riga an samar da hanyar sadarwar telegraph wadda ta haɗa garin da Lokoja. ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] 1b2orex1i96q93is0266uj040sdwtmv 0 10498 967060 966417 2026-10-13T06:01:40Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374838761|Aminu Saira]]" 967060 wikitext text/x-wiki   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}Aminu Muhammad Ahmad (born April 20, 1979),[1][2] professionally known as Aminu Saira, is a Nigerian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter. His work includes films such as Jamila Da Jamilu (2009), Ga Duhu Ga Haske (2010), and Ashabul Kahfi (2014), which collectively earned him the distinction of Best Director of the Year at the 2015 Kannywood Awards (Jurors' Choice). In 2020, Saira launched the first Hausa language home video series, titled Labarina.[3][4][5] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Saira a Gwammaja, [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]] . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Aminu Saira - Nolly |url=http://nolly.com.ng/aminu-saira |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081510/http://nolly.com.ng/aminu-saira |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref> Mahaifinsa Muhammad tsoho ne. Saira ya girma a cikin babban birnin [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] tare da 'yan uwansa biyu kuma ya yi karatun kimiyyar Alkur'ani a [[Kwalejin koyar da shari’ar Musulunci ta Aminu Kano|Kwalejin Aminu Kano na Nazarin Shari'a]] ta Musulunci . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}} == Ayyuka == == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !'Yan wasan kwaikwayo !Nazarin |- |2006 |''Musnadi'' |Daraktan |Safiya Musa, Abba Al-Mustapha, Ibrahim Maishunku |Fim din Saira |- |2007 |''Almajira'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Safiya Musa, [[Aminu Shariff]], Abba Al-Mustapha |Fim din Saira |- |2007 |''Dare Da Yawa'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, [[Ali Nuhu]], Kubra Dako, |Fim din Saira |- |2008 |''Garin Mu Da Zafi'' |Daraktan |[[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango|Adam A. Zango]], [[Maryam Booth]], Zainab Abdullahi |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2009 |''Jamila Da Jamilu'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Jamila Nagudu |Fim din Saira |- |2009 |''Mai Gadon Zinare'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar Nagudu, Ibrahim Maishunku |Fim din Saira |- |2010 |''Ladidin Baba'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Zainab Umar |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2010 |''Jidda'' |Daraktan |Ibrihim Maishunku, Jamila Umar Nagudu, Ishaq Sidi Ishaq |Square Media |- |2010 |''Dan Sarki'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Zainab Umar, Hajara Usman, Musa Abdullahi |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2010 |''Ga Duhu Ga Haske'' |Daraktan |Adam A Zango, Zainab Abdullahi, Zainap Umar |Fim din Saira |- |2010 |''Miyatti Allah'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Fati KK, Binta Yahaya |G-Top Multimedia |- |2010 |''Rai Da Rai'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Rashida Abdullahi, Fati KK |T.M.A samarwa |- |2010 |''Balaraba'' |Daraktan |Baballe Hayatu, Adam A Zango, Sadiya Gyale |Square Media |- |2010 |''Walijam'' |Daraktan |Adam A Zango, Zainab Abdullahi, Audu Kano |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2010 |''Mata da Miji'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Binta Yahaya, Fati K. K., Rufaida Muhammad |G-Top Multimedia |- |2010 |''Dadin Baki'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Jamila Umar |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2011 |''Sarauta'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Rahma Hassan, Hadiza Muhammad, Kabiru Mai Kaba |T.M.A samarwa |- |2011 |''Malika'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Rabiu Rikadawa, Hadiza Muhammad |Fim din Saira |- |2011 |''Laifin Dadi'' |Daraktan |Shu'aibu Lawal, Adam A Zango, Nafisa Abdullahi |G-Top Multimedia |- |2011 |''Ban Saketa Ba'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Fati KK |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2011 |''Maryam Diyana'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Hauwa Maina, Ali Nuhu, Sadiq Sani Sadiq |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2011 |''Ajnabiyya'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Zainab Abdullahi, Rahama Hassan |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Mutallab'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Adam A Zango, Nafisa Abdullahi, Carmain McCain, Kabiru Nakwango |Square Media |- |2012 |''<nowiki/>'Yar Agadez'' |Daraktan |Zainab Abdullahi, Ibrahim Maishunku, Nafisa Abdullahi da Adam A Zango |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Dan Marayan Zaki'' |Daraktan |Nafisa Abdullahi, Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Rahama Hassan, Hadiza Muhammad, Sadiq Ahmad |Fim din Saira |- |2012 |''Kara Da Kiyashi'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Muhammad, Bashir Nayaya, Nafisa Abdullahi |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Ban Sani Ba'' |Daraktan |Hadiza Aliyu, Shehu Hassan Kano, Shu'aibu Lawan |T.M.A samarwa |- |2012 |''Toron Giwa'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Shu'aibu Lawal |Fim din Asnanic |- |2012 |''Kona Gari'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Maryam Muhammad, Halima Atete, Hauwa Waraka |T.M.A samarwa |- |2013 |''Fisabililláh'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Hadiza Muhammad, Rabi'u Rikadawa |G-Top Multimedia |- |2013 |''Lamiraj'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi |Fim din Saira |- |2013 |''Dakin Amarya'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Halima Atete, A'isha Aliyu |Fim din Asnanic |- |2013 |''Fari Da Baki'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Al-Amin Buhari, Ali Nuhu |G-Top Multimedia |- |2013 |''Farin Dare'' |Daraktan |Ali Rabi'u, Bello Muhammad Bello, Rahama Sadau |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2014 |''Kanin Miji'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Nuhu Abdullahi |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Kisan Gilla'' |Daraktan |Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Hadiza Aliyu, Rahama Sadau, Bello Muhammad Bello |Hotunan Asmasan |- |2014 |''Ashabul Kahfi'' |Daraktan |Tahir Fagge, Tijjani Faraga, Al-Amin Buhari |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' |Daraktan |Sadiq Ahmad, Zaharadden Sani, Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Hadiza Aliyu, Halima Atete |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Haske'' |Daraktan |Aina'u Ade, Ali Nuhu, Ali Rabiu, Abbas Sadiq |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Kalamu Wahid'' |Daraktan |Nafisa Abdullahi, Sadiq Ahmad, Ali Nuhu |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Ya Daga Allah'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Fati Abdullahi. Sadiq Sani Saqid, Hadiza Muhammad |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Ali Yaga Ali'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu, Sadiq Sani Saqid, Jamila Umar |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2015 |''Baya Da Kura'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nuhu Abdullahi, Ishaq Sidi Ishaq, Fati Washa, Hadiza Muhammad |GG samarwa |- |2015 |''Wani Zama'' |Daraktan |Yakubu Muhammad, Jamila Umar, Shehu Hassan Kano |Fim din Asnanic |- |2015 |''Uwa Tafi Uwa'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu |Fitar da Mikiya |- |2015 |''Gidan Kitso'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Fati Abdullahi |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2016 |''Jarumta'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu, Jamila Umar, Hauwa Waraka, Nuhu Abdullahi |G-Top Multimedia |- |2016 |''Kallo Ya Koma Sama'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Baballe Hayatu |Fim din Saira |- |2021 |''Labarina'' |Daraktan |Sarkin waƙa, Rabi'u Rikadawa da sauransu. |Fim din Saira |} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" |2013 |Kyautar Kasuwanci |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |''Sanarwa ta Musamman''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2013 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyawun fim <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=16 July 2013 |title=2013 City People Entertainment Awards: First Photos & Full List of Winners |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/}}</ref> |''Dakin Amarya''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2014 |[[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|Kyautar Kannywood ta farko]] |Darakta mafi kyau na Shekara (Jurors Choice Awards) |''Wata Hudu''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2014 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyau (Popular Choice Awards) |''Ali Yaga Ali''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2015 |[[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|Kyautar Kannywood / MTN ta biyu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Director - AMINU SAIRA hausa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOTGaK7lyaQ |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeji |first=Linda |date=4 February 2015 |title=Kannywood Awards: When MTN Celebrates the Northern Stars &#124; Welcome to Linda Ikeji's Blog |url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> |Darakta mafi kyau na Shekara (Jurors Choice Awards) |''Ashabul Kahfi'' & ''Sabuwar Sangaya''<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASHABUL KAHFI PROMO By Aminu Saira |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52AGTGNJ1pg |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 2nd Annual Kannywood Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/2014mtnkannywoodawards |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref>| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2015 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyau (Popular Choice Awards) |''Baya Da Kura''| {{Won}} |} Saira ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta darektan mafi kyau ta Arewa Music and Movies Awards . <ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 2015, an ba Saira kyautar Darakta mafi kyau na [[Kannywood]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=keninfo |date=2020-11-09 |title=Actor Aminu Saira: Biography And Net Worth - Ken Information Blog |url=https://keninfo.com.ng/2020/11/09/aminu-saira-biography-and-net-worth/,%20https://keninfo.com.ng/2020/11/09/aminu-saira-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm3919190/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_0_nm_2_in_0_q_Aminu%2520Saira IMDb] * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jaruman Kannywood|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kannywood]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] mgcstyyoxxt2n28wd2ysh2q17msyj8a 967063 967060 2026-10-13T06:02:51Z Salma Raddah 45959 967063 wikitext text/x-wiki   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Databox}} Aminu Muhammad Ahmad (born April 20, 1979),[1][2] professionally known as Aminu Saira, is a Nigerian filmmaker, director, and screenwriter. His work includes films such as Jamila Da Jamilu (2009), Ga Duhu Ga Haske (2010), and Ashabul Kahfi (2014), which collectively earned him the distinction of Best Director of the Year at the 2015 Kannywood Awards (Jurors' Choice). In 2020, Saira launched the first Hausa language home video series, titled Labarina.[3][4][5] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Saira a Gwammaja, [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], [[Najeriya]] . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Aminu Saira - Nolly |url=http://nolly.com.ng/aminu-saira |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030081510/http://nolly.com.ng/aminu-saira |archive-date=30 October 2016 |access-date=29 October 2016}}</ref> Mahaifinsa Muhammad tsoho ne. Saira ya girma a cikin babban birnin [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] tare da 'yan uwansa biyu kuma ya yi karatun kimiyyar Alkur'ani a [[Kwalejin koyar da shari’ar Musulunci ta Aminu Kano|Kwalejin Aminu Kano na Nazarin Shari'a]] ta Musulunci . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2024}} == Ayyuka == == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !'Yan wasan kwaikwayo !Nazarin |- |2006 |''Musnadi'' |Daraktan |Safiya Musa, Abba Al-Mustapha, Ibrahim Maishunku |Fim din Saira |- |2007 |''Almajira'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Safiya Musa, [[Aminu Shariff]], Abba Al-Mustapha |Fim din Saira |- |2007 |''Dare Da Yawa'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, [[Ali Nuhu]], Kubra Dako, |Fim din Saira |- |2008 |''Garin Mu Da Zafi'' |Daraktan |[[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango|Adam A. Zango]], [[Maryam Booth]], Zainab Abdullahi |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2009 |''Jamila Da Jamilu'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Jamila Nagudu |Fim din Saira |- |2009 |''Mai Gadon Zinare'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar Nagudu, Ibrahim Maishunku |Fim din Saira |- |2010 |''Ladidin Baba'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Zainab Umar |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2010 |''Jidda'' |Daraktan |Ibrihim Maishunku, Jamila Umar Nagudu, Ishaq Sidi Ishaq |Square Media |- |2010 |''Dan Sarki'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Zainab Umar, Hajara Usman, Musa Abdullahi |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2010 |''Ga Duhu Ga Haske'' |Daraktan |Adam A Zango, Zainab Abdullahi, Zainap Umar |Fim din Saira |- |2010 |''Miyatti Allah'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Fati KK, Binta Yahaya |G-Top Multimedia |- |2010 |''Rai Da Rai'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Rashida Abdullahi, Fati KK |T.M.A samarwa |- |2010 |''Balaraba'' |Daraktan |Baballe Hayatu, Adam A Zango, Sadiya Gyale |Square Media |- |2010 |''Walijam'' |Daraktan |Adam A Zango, Zainab Abdullahi, Audu Kano |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2010 |''Mata da Miji'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Binta Yahaya, Fati K. K., Rufaida Muhammad |G-Top Multimedia |- |2010 |''Dadin Baki'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Jamila Umar |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2011 |''Sarauta'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Rahma Hassan, Hadiza Muhammad, Kabiru Mai Kaba |T.M.A samarwa |- |2011 |''Malika'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Rabiu Rikadawa, Hadiza Muhammad |Fim din Saira |- |2011 |''Laifin Dadi'' |Daraktan |Shu'aibu Lawal, Adam A Zango, Nafisa Abdullahi |G-Top Multimedia |- |2011 |''Ban Saketa Ba'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Fati KK |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2011 |''Maryam Diyana'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Hauwa Maina, Ali Nuhu, Sadiq Sani Sadiq |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2011 |''Ajnabiyya'' |Daraktan |Ibrahim Maishunku, Zainab Abdullahi, Rahama Hassan |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Mutallab'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Adam A Zango, Nafisa Abdullahi, Carmain McCain, Kabiru Nakwango |Square Media |- |2012 |''<nowiki/>'Yar Agadez'' |Daraktan |Zainab Abdullahi, Ibrahim Maishunku, Nafisa Abdullahi da Adam A Zango |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Dan Marayan Zaki'' |Daraktan |Nafisa Abdullahi, Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Rahama Hassan, Hadiza Muhammad, Sadiq Ahmad |Fim din Saira |- |2012 |''Kara Da Kiyashi'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Muhammad, Bashir Nayaya, Nafisa Abdullahi |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2012 |''Ban Sani Ba'' |Daraktan |Hadiza Aliyu, Shehu Hassan Kano, Shu'aibu Lawan |T.M.A samarwa |- |2012 |''Toron Giwa'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Shu'aibu Lawal |Fim din Asnanic |- |2012 |''Kona Gari'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Maryam Muhammad, Halima Atete, Hauwa Waraka |T.M.A samarwa |- |2013 |''Fisabililláh'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Hadiza Muhammad, Rabi'u Rikadawa |G-Top Multimedia |- |2013 |''Lamiraj'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi |Fim din Saira |- |2013 |''Dakin Amarya'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Halima Atete, A'isha Aliyu |Fim din Asnanic |- |2013 |''Fari Da Baki'' |Daraktan |Rahama Hassan, Al-Amin Buhari, Ali Nuhu |G-Top Multimedia |- |2013 |''Farin Dare'' |Daraktan |Ali Rabi'u, Bello Muhammad Bello, Rahama Sadau |Nishaɗi na Burtaniya |- |2014 |''Kanin Miji'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Nuhu Abdullahi |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Kisan Gilla'' |Daraktan |Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Hadiza Aliyu, Rahama Sadau, Bello Muhammad Bello |Hotunan Asmasan |- |2014 |''Ashabul Kahfi'' |Daraktan |Tahir Fagge, Tijjani Faraga, Al-Amin Buhari |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Daga Ni Sai Ke'' |Daraktan |Sadiq Ahmad, Zaharadden Sani, Sadiq Sani Sadiq, Hadiza Aliyu, Halima Atete |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Haske'' |Daraktan |Aina'u Ade, Ali Nuhu, Ali Rabiu, Abbas Sadiq |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Kalamu Wahid'' |Daraktan |Nafisa Abdullahi, Sadiq Ahmad, Ali Nuhu |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Ya Daga Allah'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nafisa Abdullahi, Fati Abdullahi. Sadiq Sani Saqid, Hadiza Muhammad |Fim din Saira |- |2014 |''Ali Yaga Ali'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu, Sadiq Sani Saqid, Jamila Umar |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2015 |''Baya Da Kura'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Nuhu Abdullahi, Ishaq Sidi Ishaq, Fati Washa, Hadiza Muhammad |GG samarwa |- |2015 |''Wani Zama'' |Daraktan |Yakubu Muhammad, Jamila Umar, Shehu Hassan Kano |Fim din Asnanic |- |2015 |''Uwa Tafi Uwa'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu |Fitar da Mikiya |- |2015 |''Gidan Kitso'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Fati Abdullahi |Abubuwan da aka samar da Kabugawa |- |2016 |''Jarumta'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Hadiza Aliyu, Jamila Umar, Hauwa Waraka, Nuhu Abdullahi |G-Top Multimedia |- |2016 |''Kallo Ya Koma Sama'' |Daraktan |Ali Nuhu, Jamila Umar, Baballe Hayatu |Fim din Saira |- |2021 |''Labarina'' |Daraktan |Sarkin waƙa, Rabi'u Rikadawa da sauransu. |Fim din Saira |} == Daraja da kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" |2013 |Kyautar Kasuwanci |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |''Sanarwa ta Musamman''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2013 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyawun fim <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aiki |first=Damilare |date=16 July 2013 |title=2013 City People Entertainment Awards: First Photos & Full List of Winners |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/2013-city-people-entertainment-awards-first-photos-full-list-of-winners/}}</ref> |''Dakin Amarya''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2014 |[[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|Kyautar Kannywood ta farko]] |Darakta mafi kyau na Shekara (Jurors Choice Awards) |''Wata Hudu''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2014 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyau (Popular Choice Awards) |''Ali Yaga Ali''| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2015 |[[Kyaututtukan Kannywood|Kyautar Kannywood / MTN ta biyu]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Director - AMINU SAIRA hausa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOTGaK7lyaQ |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikeji |first=Linda |date=4 February 2015 |title=Kannywood Awards: When MTN Celebrates the Northern Stars &#124; Welcome to Linda Ikeji's Blog |url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.com/2015/02/kannywood-awards-when-mtn-celebrates.html}}</ref> |Darakta mafi kyau na Shekara (Jurors Choice Awards) |''Ashabul Kahfi'' & ''Sabuwar Sangaya''<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASHABUL KAHFI PROMO By Aminu Saira |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52AGTGNJ1pg |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 2nd Annual Kannywood Awards - Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/2014mtnkannywoodawards |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref>| {{Won}} |- ! scope="row" |2015 |Kyautar Kannywood / AMMA |Darakta mafi kyau (Popular Choice Awards) |''Baya Da Kura''| {{Won}} |} Saira ta kuma sami lambar yabo ta darektan mafi kyau ta Arewa Music and Movies Awards . <ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 2015, an ba Saira kyautar Darakta mafi kyau na [[Kannywood]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=keninfo |date=2020-11-09 |title=Actor Aminu Saira: Biography And Net Worth - Ken Information Blog |url=https://keninfo.com.ng/2020/11/09/aminu-saira-biography-and-net-worth/,%20https://keninfo.com.ng/2020/11/09/aminu-saira-biography-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> * [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm3919190/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_0_nm_2_in_0_q_Aminu%2520Saira IMDb] * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jaruman Kannywood|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kannywood]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] sflaz7uihid7d8nztvkoe7tbfpk3nzt 0 11603 967040 905458 2026-10-13T02:29:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Dr. Wendy Bohon in the lab.jpg|thumb|Dr. Wendy Bohon a cikin ɗakin gwajin kimiyya]] [[File:Open Science Logo v3.svg|alt=Ma auni|thumb|ma auni ne na ilimin kimiyya]] [[Fayil:Technology show in Kyoto 6.jpg|thumb|Masana kimiyya suke kir kira sababbin abubuwa]] '''Kimiyya'''<ref>https://bakandamiya.com/kimiya-da-fasaha/</ref> na nufin ilimin zahiri da ake iya ganin sa ko taɓa shi ko ɗanɗano shi, da kimiyya ne ake samar da [[Fasaha|Fasaha.]] <ref>https://www.britannica.com/science/science</ref>kimiyya dabaru ne a fannin ilimin lissafi, ilimin ƙwayar halitta da ilimin na'ura wajen samar da rayuwa mai sauƙi a fannin [[Sifiri]], [[Lafiya]], [[Makamai]], [[Noma]], [[Lantarki]], [[Nakura|Na'ura]] da [[Gini]]. [[Kimiyya]] ce take samar da [[Fasaha]] a ƙwa-ƙwalwan [[Mutane]] har su ƙirƙiri sa babbin abubuwa. Duk ci gaban da aka samu a [[Duniya]] to a dalilin [[Kimiyya]] ne, kuma kimiyya ce ta ke dunƙule ilimi dayawa waje guda kuma ta raba su a matsayin ilimi mai zaman kanshi.<ref>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/science</ref> Asalin ilimin [[Kimiyya]] ya samo asali ne a ƙasar [[Misra]] wato [[Egypt]] da kuma [[Mesopotamia]] a shekaru 3500, zuwa shekara ta (3000, BCE) kafin zuwan [[Annabi]] [[Isah]]. Sun bayar da gudummawa a fannoni daban-daban kamar su ilimin [[Lissafi]], [[Ilimin Taurari]] da [[Ilimin Magunguna]]. wannan [[kimiyya]]r ya shiga har izuwa girka wato (Greek) da daular [[Rumawa|Rumawa,]] ya wayar musu da kai. Ilimin [[Kimiyya]] na girkawa ya ƙarfafa ma 'yan gabashin [[Turai]] kuma ya wayar musu da ido a shekara ta (400 zuwa 1000 CE) amman a lokacin ba ai amfani da shi a Duniyar Musulmi ba, sai daga baya a lokacin [[Islamic Golden Age]]. A lokacin ne [[Musulmai]] sukayi bincike a gabashin nahiyar [[Turai]] daga [[Karni|ƙarni]] na 10th zuwa ƙarni na 13th. [[Kimiyya]] ta ratsa ko inane a [[Karibiyan|Ƙarni]] na 19, wanda a lokacin ne aka samar da gwanaye a fannin [[Kimiyya]] har suka canza mata suna daga "natural philosophy" zuwa "natural science."<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1086886-kimiya-ta-bayyana-hanyoyin-3-da-iya-kawo-karshen-duniya.html</ref> ==Fannonin kimiyya.== Kimiyya ta zamani ta kasu zuwa kashi uku ne, sune kamar haka:- *[[Natural science]] (misali, Biology, Chemistry,Geography & Physics), *[[Social science]] (misali, Economics, Psychology, Political Science & Sociology), *[[Formal science]] (misali, Logic, Mathematics, and Theoretical Computer Science), * [[Applied science]], A daa can ana samun ilimin kimiyya ne a gun sanannun masu ilimi da kuma bincike dan ƙirƙirar sabuwar [[Kimiyya]] ko gano ta. Amman a wannan zamanin ana samun ilimin [[Kimiyya]] ne kaɗai a [[Jami’o’i]] da ƙananan cibiyoyin [[Ilimi]] kuma ana sayar da [[kimiyyar]] ne zuwa ga [[kamfanoni]] da [[masana’antu]] domin ci gaba da samun arziƙi.<ref>https://babansadik.com/kimiyyar-kurani-da-ta-zamani-a-ina-aka-hadu-1/</ref> =Manazarta= <references />.[./Https://hausa.legit.ng/tags/ilimin-kimiyya/%3Fpage=14{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} https://hausa.legit.ng/tags/ilimin-kimiyya/?page=14] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} lu361z2jlu6ryua0exqjwg4hirgy05r 3 12106 967077 963548 2026-10-13T07:40:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Tech News: 2026-42 */ sabon sashe 967077 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude> [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Galdiz ! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Umar a usman|gudummuwarka]]. Kuma ina fatan zaka tsaya ka ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimake ka ka fahimci Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]], ko kuma ka tambayeni a {{Gyara|User talk:Anasskoko|section=new|shafina na tattaunawa}}. Na gode. [[User:Anasskoko|Anasskoko]] ([[User talk:Anasskoko|talk]]) 16:47, 24 Nuwamba, 2019 (UTC) </noinclude> ==Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community== <div style="padding:3em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue',sans-serif; font-size:110%; line-height:1.75;"> Muna gayyatan kudan shiga gasar '''WPWP Contest na Hausa Community'''! '''Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community''' gasa ce ta duk shekara wanda editoci a Wikipedia daga [[m:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Community User Group]] ke sanya hotuna a mukalolin da basu da ko keda karancin hoto articles. Wannan dan a inganta da karfafa amfani ne da dubannin hotunan da ake samu ne daga gasa daban-daban na hotuna da ake gudanarwa duk shekara, wanda Wikimedia community ke shiryawa a Wikipedia. hoto na inganta fahimtar mai karatu, da bayyana bayani, da sanya mukaloli suyi kyau. Gasar Kuma zata ba sabbin editoci da tsoffi damar inganta kwarewa, dan shiga samun kwarewa tuntube mu anan [[Special:Emailuser/M-Mustapha|Emel]]. <br /> <span style="background:#ffbd4a;color:yellow;padding:5px;"><!--T:24-->[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos for Hausa Community|Danna nan dan shiga gasa da Karin bayani.]]</span>.<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> ^{<samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp>} 16:48, 26 ga Yuni, 2020 (UTC) Allah ya kaimu [[User:Umar a usman|Umar a usman]] ([[User talk:Umar a usman#top|talk]]) 12:02, 23 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) ==Barka da ƙoƙari== Naga idan kayi gyara sai ka goge wasu masu amfani, a wani wurin ma share sashen dukka kake yi! Misali, zaka ga na mayar da yawancin gyararrakin. Ka kula sosai. [[User:M-Mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>''Em-em''</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:M-Mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 16:25, 26 ga Afirilu, 2021 (UTC) == Gasar Hausa Wikipeda == '''Assalamu alaikum''' @[[User:Umar a usman|Umar a usman]]''',''' Ina mai sanar da kai cewa za'a sanar da sakamakon gasa gobe idan Allah ya kaimu, ka duba wannan shafin domin ganin sakamakon gasa, sannan kyaututtuka za'a bayar dasu ne lokaci kadan bayan sanarwan. [[WP:Gasar Hausa Wikipedia ta Shekara-shekara]], Nagode.-- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(Yi Magana)</sup>]] 11:22, 23 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) == Gyara akan saka manazarta == @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] barka da kokari, naga kaine ka kirkiri mukalar [[Saladin Governorate]], amma baka saka manazarta ko daya ba, yakamata mu fahimci mahimmancin manazarta. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 09:41, 11 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC) == Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] == [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]] You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/60&oldid=25451603 --> == Canza taken mukala == @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] Barka da Kokari, Inason inyi amfani da wannan damar domin jawo hankalinka, akan taken da mukeba mukala. Naga ka fassara mukalar mai taken '''Rabies''' da taken '''Ciwon hauka'''. Amma yanzu na mayar dashi a [[Ciwon Rabies]]...Dalili kuwa shine wannan ciwo ba ciwon hauka bane kamar yadda ka fassara...inaga idan bamusan sunan abuba da hausa kamata yayi mu rika barinsa da turancinsa a kan mubashi fassarar da ba ita bace.[[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 12:29, 11 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2023 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2023 you [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php?camp=all&project=all&year=2023&start=Filter joined us as a medical translator]. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. Consider joining '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|here]]''', there are no associated costs and we look forwards to working together in 2024. |} Thanks again :-) -- [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:Doc_James <span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Medical_Editors_2023&oldid=26031072 --> == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Kula == Barka @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] wannan muƙalar mai [[Wesley Koolhof]] akwai gyararraki acikinta, amma bakayi ba. Yanzu na gyara ta amma mu kula saboda gaba. Nagode [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 05:56, 30 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :Ok toh nogode [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 22:55, 30 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Goyo Baya UC4C (non-voting member) == == Goyon baya == Assalam @[[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] Ina neman goyon bayanka don zama mamba na kwamitin UC4C (non-voting member). Ga link [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Non-voting_members<nowiki>] ayi comment.</nowiki> Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 08:45, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Done [[User:Galdiz|Galdiz]] ([[User talk:Galdiz|talk]]) 23:21, 24 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:46, 3 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 10 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:45, 24 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 31 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:44, 7 Satumba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Satumba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 Satumba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:49, 28 Satumba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> </div> 18:52, 5 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:40, 13 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> ej2gape3ksn9z9i5b3vm0ee8zk14wt1 0 12467 967089 963388 2026-10-13T10:12:26Z Zaujeel khair 49197 967089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Kuɗi|kudi]]''' yana nufin gudanarwa, motsi, saka hannun jari, da tara [[kuɗi]]. "[[Finance]]" kuma yana nufin horo na ilimi wanda ke nazarin waɗannan. Dangane da girman ayyukan kudi, ana iya raba horo zuwa manyan rassa guda uku na mutum, kamfanoni, da na jama'a.{{Efn|The following are definitions of 'finance' offered by the authors indicated: * [https://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/eugene.fama/research/Theory%20of%20Finance/The%20Theory%20of%20Finance%20Preface%20and%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf Fama and Miller]: "The theory of finance is concerned with how individuals and firms allocate resources through time. In particular, it seeks to explain how solutions to the problems faced in allocating resources through time are facilitated by the existence of capital markets (which provide a means for individual economic agents to exchange resources to be available of different points In time) and of firms (which, by their production-investment decisions, provide a means for individuals to transform current resources physically into resources to be available in the future)." * [https://afajof.org/wp-content/uploads/files/historical-texts/guthmann-dougall-1940-ocr.pdf Guthmann and Dougall]: "Finance is concerned with the raising and administering of funds and with the relationships between private profit-seeking enterprise on the one hand and the groups which supply the funds on the other. These groups, which include investors and speculators – that is, capitalists or property owners – as well as those who advance short-term capital, place their money in the field of commerce and industry and in return expect a stream of income." * [https://www.wiley.com/en-in/Finance:+Capital+Markets,+Financial+Management,+and+Investment+Management-p-9780470407356 Drake and Fabozzi]: "Finance is the application of economic principles to decision-making that involves the allocation of money under conditions of uncertainty." * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1637242A/Frank_Walter_Paish F.W. Paish]: "Finance may be defined as the position of money at the time it is wanted". * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL835181A/John_J._Hampton John J. Hampton]: "The term finance can be defined as the management of the flows of money through an organisation, whether it will be a corporation, school, or bank or government agency". * [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976723372 Howard and Upton]: "Finance may be defined as that administrative area or set of administrative functions in an organisation which relates with the arrangement of each debt and credit so that the organisation may have the means to carry out the objectives as satisfactorily as possible". * [https://education.wbstraining.com/pluginfile.php/2808/mod_resource/content/1/PabloFernandez_Finance%20and%20Financial%20Economics.pdf Pablo Fernandez]: "Finance is a profession that requires interdisciplinary training and helps company managers make sound decisions regarding financing, investment, continuity, and other issues that affect the inflow and outflow of money, as well as the company's risk. It also helps individuals and institutions invest wisely and plan money-related matters effectively."}} A cikin "tsarin Kudin", ana sayen kadarori, siyarwa, ko siyarwa azaman kayan aiki na kudi, kamar kudade, rance, takardun [[shaida]], hannun jari, zaɓuɓɓuka, makomar gaba, swaps, da dai sauransu. Hakanan ana iya [[banki]], saka hannun jari, da inshora don kara darajar da rage asarar. A aikace, haɗari koyaushe suna cikin kowane mataki na kuɗi da ƙungiyoyi. Kasuwancin kuɗi da cibiyoyin suna tallafawa tsarin. Saboda fa'idarsa, akwai fannoni daban-daban na kuɗi a cikin harkar kuɗi. Gudanar da kadarori, kuɗi, haɗari da saka hannun jari yana nufin haɓaka ƙima da rage canjin yanayi . Binciken kuɗi yana tantance dorewa, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma ribar wani aiki ko ƙungiya. Wasu fannoni suna da fannoni daban-daban, kamar fannin kuɗi na lissafi, dokar kuɗi, tattalin arziki na kuɗi, injiniyan kuɗi da fasahar kuɗi . A wasu lokuta, ana iya gwada ka'idojin kuɗi ta amfani da hanyar kimiyya, wacce aka rufe ta da kuɗin gwaji . Tarihin farko na kudi ya yi daidai da tarihin farko na kudi, wanda shine [[Prehistory|prehistoric]]. Al'adun gargajiya da na zamani sun haɗa da ayyuka na asali na kudi, kamar banki, kasuwanci da lissafi, a cikin tattalin arzikin su. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an kafa Tsarin kudi na [[duniya]]. A matsayin batun karatu, kudi yana da alaƙa da fannonin [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (bincike na [[Samar|samarwa]], rarraba, da amfani da kayayyaki da ayyuka) da kuma Gudanar da kasuwanci (gwamnatin albarkatun kungiyar don cimma burinta). An kafa shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a cikin kudi a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gippel |first=Jennifer K |date=2012-11-07 |title=A revolution in finance? |journal=[[Australian Journal of Management]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=125–146 |doi=10.1177/0312896212461034 |issn=0312-8962 |s2cid=154759424 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A yau, ana nazarin kudi sosai ta hanyar shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu. == Tsarin kudi == [[File:1925.B&O.Railroad.Stock.Louis.Brandeis.jpg|right|thumb|Bond da aka bayar ta hanyar Baltimore da Ohio Railroad. Bonds wani nau'i ne na aro da kamfanoni ke amfani da shi don tallafawa ayyukansu.]] [[File:Radium_Hill_share_certificate.jpg|right|thumb|Takardar shaidar raba ta shekara ta 1913 da Kamfanin Radium Hill ya bayar]] [[File:NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg|right|thumb|Kasuwancin musayar hannun jari na NYSE a cikin 1963, kafin gabatar da karatun lantarki da allo na kwamfuta]] [[File:Chicago_bot.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Masara na Chicago, 1993]] [[File:A1_Houston_Office_Oil_Traders_on_Monday.jpg|right|thumb|'Yan kasuwar mai, Houston, 2009]] Kamar yadda aka tsara, tsarin kudi ya ƙunshi kwararar babban birnin da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane da gidaje (kudin kuɗi na mutum), [[gwamnatoci]] (Kudin jama'a), da kasuwanci (Kudin kamfanoni). "Finance" don haka yana nazarin tsarin tura kudi daga masu ajiya da masu saka hannun jari zuwa ga ƙungiyoyin da ke buƙatar shi.{{Efn|Finance thus allows production and consumption in society to operate independently from each other. Without the use of financial allocation, production would have to happen at the same time and space as consumption. Through finance, distances in timespace between production and consumption are then possible.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Michael |last2=Price |first2=John |title=Monetized time-space: derivatives – money's 'new imaginary'? |journal=Economy and Society |date=2000 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=264–284 |doi=10.1080/030851400360497 |s2cid=145739812 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320050529/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} Masu adanawa da masu saka hannun jari suna da kuɗin da za su iya samun riba ko rabon kuɗi idan aka yi amfani da su. Kowane mutum, [[kamfanoni]], da gwamnatoci dole ne su sami kuɗi daga tushen waje, kamar rance ko bashi, lokacin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi don gudanar da ayyukansu. Gabaɗaya, wani bangare wanda kuɗin shiga ya wuce kuɗin da ya kashe na iya ba da rance ko saka hannun jari tare da manufar samun dawowar adalci. Hakazalika, wani bangare inda samun kudin shiga bai kai kasa da kashewa ba zai iya tara kudade yawanci a cikin daya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu: (i) ta hanyar aro a cikin nau'in rance (mutane masu zaman kansu), ko ta hanyar sayar da takardun gwamnati ko kamfanoni; (ii) ta hanyar kamfani da ke sayar da daidaito, wanda ake kira hannun jari ko hannun jari (wanda zai iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban: hannun jari na kowa). Masu mallakar duka takardun shaida da hannun jari na iya zama masu saka hannun jari - cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar bankunan saka hannun jari da asusun fansho - ko mutane masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ake kira Masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu ko masu saka hannun hannun jari. (Dubi mahalarta kasuwar kudi.) Sau da yawa ba kai tsaye ba ne, ta hanyar matsakaiciyar kudi kamar [[banki]], ko ta hanyar sayen bayanan rubutu ko jingina (gidan ajiyar kamfanoni, jingina na gwamnati, ko jingina na juna) a cikin kasuwar jingina. Mai ba da rance yana karɓar riba, mai ba da ranta yana biyan riba mafi girma fiye da mai ba da rancen da ke karɓa, kuma matsakancin kuɗi yana samun bambanci don shirya rancen.<ref>See e.g., {{Cite web |last=Bank of Finland |author-link=Bank of Finland |title=Financial system |url=https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602105013/https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |archive-date=2020-06-02 |access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the financial system? |url=https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731162128/https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |archive-date=2020-07-31 |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=Economy}}</ref> Bankin yana tara ayyukan masu ba da bashi da masu ba da rance da yawa. Bankuna suna karɓar ajiya daga mutane da kamfanoni, suna biyan riba a kan waɗannan kudade. Bankin ya ba da rancen waɗannan ajiya ga masu ba da bashi, yana sauƙaƙa ma'amaloli tsakanin masu ba da rance da masu ba da rance iri-iri da kuma ba da damar daidaitaccen tsarin kuɗi. Zuba jari yawanci yana haifar da sayen hannun jari, ko dai takardun shaida ko ta hanyar asusun hadin gwiwa, misali. Kamfanoni galibi suna sayar da hannun jari ga masu saka hannun jari don tara kudaden da ake buƙata a cikin hanyar "daidaitaccen kuɗi", kamar yadda ya bambanta da bashin da aka bayyana a sama. Tsakanin kudi a nan sune Bankunan saka hannun jari na farko kuma suna sauƙaƙa jerin kadarorin, yawanci hannun jari da jingina), musayar kadarorin (wanda ke ba da damar cinikin su daga baya), da masu ba da sabis na saka hannun jari daban-daban (ciki har da kudade na juna, kudaden fansho, Manajojin dukiya, da masu ba su hannun jari, yawanci suna ba da sabis ga masu saka hannun jari). Kasuwanci da saka hannun jari tsakanin hukumomi, da kuma Gudanar da kudade a wannan sikelin, ana kiransu "babban kudi". Cibiyoyin a nan suna fadada samfuran da aka bayar, tare da kasuwanci mai alaƙa, don haɗawa da zaɓuɓɓuka, swaps, da samfuran da suka tsara, da kuma kudade na musamman; wannan "injini na kudi" asalin lissafi ne, kuma waɗannan cibiyoyin sune manyan masu ba da aiki na Masu sharhi masu yawa (ko "ƙididdiga", duba ƙasa). A cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin, Gudanar da haɗari, babban birnin sarrafawa, da bin doka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. == Yankunan kudi == Kamar yadda aka tsara, kudi ya ƙunshi fannoni uku: kudi na mutum, kudi na kamfanoni, da kuma kudi na jama'a. Wadannan, bi da bi, sun haɗu kuma suna amfani da ayyuka daban-daban da ƙananan horo - galibi saka hannun jari, gudanar da haɗari, da kuma kudi mai yawa. === Kudin mutum === [[File:Wealth_Management_Consultation.jpg|thumb|Tattaunawar kula da dukiya - a nan, mai ba da shawara kan kudi yana ba da shawara ga abokin ciniki kan dabarun saka hannun jari da ya dace.]] Kudin mutum yana nufin aikin kasafin kuɗi don tabbatar da isasshen kudade don biyan bukatun asali, yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa akwai matakin haɗari kawai don rasa wannan babban birnin. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan kuɗi don ilimi, ba da kuɗi ga kayayyaki masu dorewa kamar su ƙasa da motoci, sayen inshora, saka hannun jari, da adanawa don ritaya. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan bashin ko wasu wajibai na bashi. Babban bangarorin kudi na mutum ana daukar su a matsayin samun kudin shiga, kashewa, adanawa, saka hannun jari, da kariya. Matakan da ke biyowa, kamar yadda Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Kudi ta tsara, sun nuna cewa mutum zai fahimci shirin kudi na sirri bayan: * Sayen inshora don tabbatar da kariya daga abubuwan da ba a tsammani ba; * Fahimtar tasirin manufofin haraji, tallafi, ko azabtarwa akan gudanar da kudaden mutum; * Fahimtar tasirin bashi a kan matsayin kudi na mutum; * Ci gaba da shirin tanadi ko kudade don manyan sayayya (moto, ilimi, gida); * Shirya makomar kudi mai aminci a cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki; * Binciken asusun ajiya ko asusun ajiyar kuɗi; * Shirya don ritaya ko wasu kudade na dogon lokaci. === Kudin kamfanoni === Kudin kamfanoni yana hulɗa da ayyukan da manajoji ke ɗauka don haɓaka darajar kamfanin ga masu hannun jari, tushen kudade da Tsarin babban birnin kamfanoni, da kayan aiki da bincike da aka yi amfani da su don rarraba albarkatun kuɗi. Duk da yake kudaden kamfanoni sun bambanta da kudaden gudanarwa, wanda ke nazarin Gudanar da kudade na dukkan kamfanoni maimakon kamfanoni kadai, ra'ayoyin sun dace da matsalolin kudi na dukkan kamfanonin, kuma wannan yanki ana kiransa "kudin kasuwanci". Yawanci, "kudin kuɗi na kamfanoni" yana da alaƙa da burin dogon lokaci na haɓaka darajar kadarorin, hannun jari, da dawowarsa ga masu hannun jari, yayin da kuma daidaita haɗari da riba. Wannan ya ƙunshi manyan wurare uku: # Kasafin kuɗi na babban birnin: zaɓar waɗanne ayyukan da za a saka hannun jari a ciki - a nan, ƙayyade ƙimar daidai yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda hukunce-hukunce game da ƙimar dukiya na iya zama "yi ko karya". # Manufofin raba: amfani da kudade "ya wuce gona da iri - waɗannan za a sake saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwanci ko kuma a mayar da su ga masu hannun jari. # Tsarin babban birnin: yanke shawara kan cakuda kudade da za a yi amfani da su - a nan ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun haɗin babban birnin sake biyan bashin bashi vs farashin babban birnin. (Wannan ya kunshi fahimtar yadda kamfanin zai samar don gamsar da masu saka hannun jari, da kuma rage matsakaicin matsakaicin farashin babban birnin (WACC) ) don darajar kamfanin ta karu. ) Wannan na ƙarshe ya haifar da haɗin tare da banki na saka hannun jari da kasuwancin tsaro, kamar yadda yake a sama, a cikin cewa babban birnin da aka tara zai ƙunshi bashi, watau takardun kamfanoni, da daidaito, sau da yawa an jera hannun jari. Sake gudanar da haɗari a cikin kamfanoni, duba ƙasa. Manajojin kudi - watau kamar yadda suka bambanta da masu hada-hadar kudi na kamfanoni - suna mai da hankali kan abubuwan ''gajeren lokaci'' na riba, kwararar kuɗi, da "mana Gudanar da babban birnin aiki" (inventory, bashi da masu bashi), wanda ke damuwa game da ayyukan tallafin yau da kullun, kuma burin shine kiyaye ruwa, rage haɗari da haɓaka inganci tabbatar da cewa kamfanin zai iya aiwatar da manufofinsa na kudi da aiki; watau: (1) zai iya ba da biyan bashin gajeren lokaci da kuma biyan bashin aiki na dogon lokaci, da kuma biyan kuɗi na gaba yana da isasshen bashin aiki. (Dubi Gudanar da Kudi da FP&amp;amp;A.) === Kudin jama'a === [[File:2023-federal-budget-breakdown.png|thumb|322x322px|CBO: 2023 Kudin Tarayyar Amurka]] Kudin jama'a yana nufin gudanar da kudade da ke da alaƙa da jihohi masu zaman kansu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ƙasa, da hukumomin gwamnati ko ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa. Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi hangen nesa na dogon lokaci game da yanke shawara na saka hannun jari wanda ke shafar ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Wadannan lokutan dabarun na dogon lokaci yawanci sun kunshi shekaru biyar ko fiye. Kudin jama'a ya fi damuwa da: * Bayyana kudaden da ake buƙata na ƙungiyar jama'a; * Tushen (s) na kudaden shiga na wannan mahallin - daga haraji, da kuma wadanda ba haraji ba; * Tsarin kasafin kuɗi; * Bayar da bashin mallaka, ko takardun birni don ayyukan Ayyukan jama'a. Bankunan tsakiya, irin su Bankunan Tarayya a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Babban Bankin Turai da Bankin Ingila a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], 'yan wasa ne masu karfi a cikin kudaden jama'a. Suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da rance na ƙarshe da kuma tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan yanayin kuɗi da bashi a cikin tattalin arziki. Kudin ci gaba, wanda ke da alaƙa, ya shafi saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan Ci gaban tattalin arziki da wata hukuma ta gwamnati (kusan) ta bayar ba tare da kasuwanci ba; waɗannan ayyukan ba za su iya samun kuɗi ba. Ana amfani da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu don ayyukan [[Infrastructure|ababen more rayuwa]]: kamfani mai zaman kansa yana ba da kuɗi a gaba, sannan ya jawo riba daga masu biyan haraji ko masu amfani. [[Kudin yanayi]], da kuma kudaden muhalli masu alaƙa, suna magance dabarun kudi, albarkatu da kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su wajen [[Rage canjin yanayi]]. === Gudanar da saka hannun jari === [[File:Stock_Price_Listing_Numbers_on_a_Korean_Newspaper.jpg|thumb|Farashin hannun jari da aka jera a cikin jaridar Koriya]] [[Fayil:Stock_ticker.jpg|thumb|"Farin ciki kafin fashewar kumfa" - farashin kallo ta hanyar tef, jim kadan kafin Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:E-ticker.jpg|thumb|Mai sayar da farashi na zamani. Wannan ababen more rayuwa yana tallafawa musayar zamani, yana tabbatar da farashi da alamomin tikiti masu alaƙa. Alamar ticker tana wakiltar saiti na musamman na haruffa da aka yi amfani da su don gano batun ma'amala ta kudi.]] Gudanar da saka hannun jari shine gudanar da kadarorin kwararru na "Tsaro" daban-daban - yawanci hannun jari da jingina, amma kuma wasu kadarori, kamar dukiya, kayayyaki da madadin saka hannun jari - don saduwa da takamaiman manufofin saka hannun jari don amfanin masu saka hannun jari. Kamar yadda yake a sama, masu saka hannun jari na iya zama cibiyoyi, kamar kamfanonin inshora, kudaden fansho, kamfanoni, kungiyoyin agaji, cibiyoyin ilimi, ko masu saka hannun jarin masu zaman kansu, ko dai kai tsaye ta hanyar kwangilar saka hannun jari ko, mafi yawanci, ta hanyar tsarin saka hannun jari kamar kudaden musayar, kudaden musanyawa, ko amincin saka hannun jari. A zuciyar gudanar da saka hannun jari shine rabon dukiya - rarraba bayyanar tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan dukiya, da kuma tsakanin tsaron mutum a cikin kowane nau'in dukiya - kamar yadda ya dace da Manufofin saka hannun jari na abokin ciniki, bi da bi, aikin bayanin haɗari, burin saka hannun jari, da kuma sararin saka hannun jari (duba Bayanan mai saka hannun jari). A nan: * Inganta fayil shine tsari na zabar fayil mafi kyau da aka ba da manufofi da ƙuntatawa na abokin ciniki. * Binciken asali shine tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen kimantawa da kimantawa ga takardun mutum. * Binciken fasaha shine game da hasashen farashin kadarori na gaba tare da bayanan da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Yufeng |last2=Liu |first2=Yang |last3=Zhou |first3=Guofu |last4=Zhu |first4=Yingzi |date=2021-05-21 |title=Technical Analysis in the Stock Market: A Review |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3850494 |location=[[Rochester, New York]] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3850494 |s2cid=235195430 |ssrn=3850494 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Overlaid shine salon saka hannun jari na manajan fayil - gabaɗaya, mai aiki vs. mai wucewa, darajar vs girma, da ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa vs. babban ƙwanƙusa - da dabarun saka hannun jari. A cikin fayil ɗin da aka samu da kyau, aikin saka hannun jari zai kasance, gabaɗaya, ya zama aikin haɗin kadarorin da aka zaɓa, yayin da ɗayan tsaro ba su da tasiri. Takamaiman tsarin ko falsafar zai kasance mai mahimmanci, dangane da yadda ya dace da sake zagayowar kasuwa. Baya ga wannan bambancin, mahimmin haɗarin da aka yi amfani da shi, manajojin saka hannun jari za su yi amfani da dabarun karewa daban-daban kamar yadda ya dace; waɗannan na iya danganta da fayil ɗin gaba ɗaya ko kuma ga ɗakunan mutum. Sau da yawa (maimakon haka) ana sarrafa fayilolin Bond ta hanyar daidaitawa ko rigakafi, yayin da don fayilolin da matsayi, 'yan kasuwa suna amfani da "Greeks" don auna sannan kuma rage ƙwarewa. A layi daya, manajoji - mai aiki da marasa aiki - za su sa ido kan kuskuren bin diddigin, don haka ragewa da kuma kawar da duk wani rashin aiki da "ma'auni" su. Ana sarrafa asusun adadi ta amfani da dabarun lissafi na kwamfuta (ƙaruwa, ilmantarwa na inji) maimakon hukuncin mutum. Gaskiyar ciniki yawanci ana sarrafa ta atomatik ta hanyar algorithms masu mahimmanci. === Gudanar da haɗari === [[File:Crowds_gathering_outside_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(4).jpg|thumb|Jama'a da suka taru a waje da Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New York bayan Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:Northern_Rock_Queue.jpg|thumb|Abokan ciniki suna layi a waje da reshen Northern Rock a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] don janye ajiyar su a lokacin Rikicin kudi na 2008]] Gudanar da haɗari, gabaɗaya, shine nazarin yadda za a sarrafa haɗari da daidaita yiwuwar riba; shine tsarin auna haɗari sannan kuma haɓaka da aiwatar da dabarun sarrafa wannan haɗarin. Gudanar da Hadarin kudi shine aikin kare ƙimar kamfanoni daga haɗarin kuɗi, sau da yawa ta hanyar "haɓaka" ga waɗannan ta amfani da kayan kuɗi. Ana mai da hankali musamman kan haɗarin bashi da kasuwa, kuma a cikin bankunan, ta hanyar babban birnin, ya haɗa da haɗarin aiki. Gudanar da haɗarin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da kuɗin kamfanoni a hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, bayyanar kamfanoni ga haɗarin kasuwa shine sakamakon kai tsaye na saka hannun jari na baya da yanke shawara na kudade; yayin da haɗarin bashi ya fito ne daga manufofin bashi na kasuwanci kuma galibi ana magance shi ta hanyar inshora na bashi da samarwa. Abu na biyu, duka horo suna da burin ingantawa ko aƙalla adanawa, darajar tattalin arzikin kamfanin, kuma a cikin wannan mahallin sun haɗu da kuma gudanar da haɗarin kasuwanci, yawanci yankin Gudanar da dabarun. A nan, kamfanoni suna ba da lokaci da ƙoƙari sosai ga hasashen, nazari da saka idanu kan aikin. (Dubi [[Gudanar da dukiya da alhakin|ALM]] da kula da baitulmalin.) Ga bankunan da sauran cibiyoyin sayar da kayayyaki, gudanar da hadari yana mai da hankali kan gudanarwa, kuma kamar yadda ya kamata, matsayi daban-daban da ma'aikatar ke riƙewa - duka matsayi na kasuwanci da bayyanar dogon lokaci - da kuma lissafi da saka idanu kan sakamakon Babban birnin tattalin arziki, da kuma babban birnin sarrafawa a karkashin Basel III. Lissafi a nan suna da ƙwarewar lissafi, kuma a cikin yankin kudi mai yawa kamar yadda ke ƙasa. Hadarin bashi yana cikin kasuwancin banki, amma Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan cibiyoyin suna fuskantar hadarin bashi na abokin tarayya. Bankuna yawanci suna amfani da Ofishin Tsakiya "Risk Groups", yayin da "Ƙungiyoyin haɗari" na ofishin gaba ke ba da haɗari "hidimomi" (ko "magani") ga abokan ciniki. Masu inshora suna gudanar da haɗarin kansu tare da mai da hankali kan biyan kuɗi da ikon biyan da'awar: masu inshora na rayuwa sun fi damuwa da haɗarin rayuwa da haɗarin riba; masu inshora masu gajeren lokaci (inshora na dukiya, inshora na kiwon lafiya, inshora mai haɗari) suna jaddada ƙirar bala'i da haɗarin tashin hankali. Don da'awar da ake tsammani ana ajiye ajiya lokaci-lokaci, yayin da don shan asarar da ba a tsammani ba, ana kiyaye mafi ƙarancin matakin babban birnin. === Kuɗin adadi === [[File:Dojima-Rice-Exchange-Osaka-by-Yoshimitsu-Sasaki.png|alt=Dōjima Rice Exchange, the world's first futures exchange, established in Osaka in 1697.|right|thumb|Dōjima Rice Exchange, musayar gaba ta farko a duniya, wanda aka kafa a [[Osaka]] a cikin 1697]] Kuɗin adadi—wanda kuma ake kira "kuɗin lissafi"—ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan kuɗi inda ake buƙatar samfurin lissafi mai zurfi, <ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{Cite web |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-24 |publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kuma don haka ya yi karo da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama. # Kuɗin adadi sau da yawa yana kama da injiniyan kuɗi . Wannan fanni gabaɗaya yana ƙarfafa kasuwancin da abokin ciniki ke jagoranta na banki - yana isar da kwangilolin OTC na musamman da "masu ban mamaki", da kuma tsara samfuran da mafita daban-daban da aka ambata - kuma ya ƙunshi ƙira da shirye-shirye don tallafawa ciniki na farko, da kuma shinge da gudanarwa na gaba. # Kuɗin adadi kuma ya yi daidai da tsarin kula da haɗarin kuɗi a banki, kamar yadda aka ambata, duka dangane da wannan shingen, da kuma game da jarin tattalin arziki da kuma bin ƙa'idodi da Basel III . # "Quants" kuma suna da alhakin ginawa da kuma amfani da dabarun saka hannun jari a asusun adadi da aka ambata ; suna kuma shiga cikin saka hannun jari na adadi gabaɗaya, a fannoni kamar ƙirƙirar dabarun ciniki, da kuma ciniki ta atomatik, ciniki mai yawan gaske, ciniki na algorithmic, da ciniki na shirye-shirye . == Ka'idar kuɗi == {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math> \sum_{t=1}^n \frac{FCFF_t}{(1+WACC_{t})^t} + \frac{\left[\frac{FCFF_{n+1}}{(WACC_{n+1}-g_{n+1})}\right]}{(1+WACC_{n})^n} </math>}} {{Small|[[Valuation using discounted cash flows#Basic formula for firm valuation using DCF model|DCF valuation formula]] widely applied in business and finance, since articulated [[The Theory of Investment Value|in 1938]]. Here, to get the [[business valuation|value of the firm]], its forecasted [[free cash flow]]s are discounted to the present using the [[weighted average cost of capital]] for the discount factor. For [[stock valuation|share valuation]] investors use the related [[dividend discount model]].}} |} Kuɗi - kamar yadda aka bayyana - yana bincika yadda ake gudanar da kuɗi da amfani da hanyoyin samun kuɗi, gami da shawarwarin da ke auna lokaci da haɗarin kwararar kuɗi da ake sa ran samu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1.1 What Is Finance? |url=https://openstax.org/books/principles-finance/pages/1-1-what-is-finance |access-date=3 September 2026 |website=Principles of Finance |publisher=OpenStax}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri takamaiman ka'ida a nan don fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikace a cikin fannoni na gudanarwa, lissafin kuɗi, [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (kuɗi) da [[lissafi mai amfani]] . === Kuɗin gudanarwa === Kuɗin gudanarwa reshe ne na kuɗi wanda ke hulɗa da ɓangarorin kuɗi na gudanar da kamfani, da kuma fannin kuɗi na yanke shawara kan gudanarwa a faɗin faɗin. Yana bayar da tushen ka'idar aikin da aka bayyana a sama, dangane da kansa game da amfani da dabarun kuɗi daban-daban na gudanarwa . Malaman da ke aiki a wannan fanni galibi suna aiki ne a sassan kuɗaɗen makarantun kasuwanci, a fannin lissafi, ko kuma a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa . Kayan aikin da aka tattauna kuma aka haɓaka suna da alaƙa da [[Management accouting|lissafin kuɗi na gudanarwa]] da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni : na farko yana ba da damar gudanarwa ta fahimta, don haka ta yi aiki a kan bayanan kuɗi da suka shafi riba da aiki; na biyun, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana game da inganta tsarin kuɗi gabaɗaya, gami da tasirinsa ga babban jari. Saboda haka, muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin kula da harkokin kuɗi sun haɗa da: * Kasafin kuɗi na babban jari * Tsarin babban birnin * Gudanar da jarin aiki * Gudanar da haɗari * Binciken kuɗi da rahotanni === Tattalin arzikin kuɗi === [[File:Markowitz_frontier.jpg|right|thumb| [[Harry Markowitz]] ne ya fara tsara " iyaka mai inganci ", a shekarar 1952 a matsayin wani tsari na samfuri a cikin ka'idar fayil ta zamani . A cikin samfurin Markowitz, fayil mai "ingantacce" yana da mafi kyawun riba mai yiwuwa don matakin haɗarinsa (wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar daidaitaccen karkacewar riba).]] [[File:MM2.png|right|thumb| Ka'idar Modigliani-Miller, wani muhimmin sashi na ka'idar kuɗi, an gabatar da ita a shekarar 1958; ita ce tushen tunanin zamani kan tsarin jari-hujja . Ko da leverage ( D/E ) ya ƙaru, matsakaicin farashin jari (k0) mai nauyi ya kasance iri ɗaya.]] Tattalin arzikin kuɗi reshe ne na [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] wanda ke nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu canjin kuɗi, kamar farashi, ƙimar riba da hannun jari, sabanin ainihin masu canjin tattalin arziki, watau kayayyaki da ayyuka . Don haka ya ta'allaka ne akan farashi, yanke shawara, da kuma kula da haɗari a kasuwannin kuɗi, <ref name="Sharpe" /> kuma yana samar da yawancin samfuran kuɗi da ake amfani da su akai-akai. ( Tsarin tattalin arziki na kuɗi reshe ne na tattalin arziki wanda ke amfani da dabarun tattalin arziki don [[Parametrization (geometry)|daidaita]] alaƙar da aka ba da shawara.) Wannan fanni yana da manyan fannoni guda biyu da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu: farashin kadarori da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni; na farko shine hangen nesa na masu samar da jari, wato masu zuba jari, da kuma na biyu na masu amfani da jari; bi da bi: # Ka'idar farashin kadarori ta haɓaka samfuran da ake amfani da su wajen tantance ƙimar rangwame mai dacewa da haɗari, da kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka samo daga farashi; kuma ya haɗa da ka'idar fayil da saka hannun jari da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da kadarori. Binciken ya bincika yadda masu zuba jari masu hankali za su yi amfani da haɗari su koma ga matsalar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin rashin tabbas, ta hanyar samar da mabuɗin " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori ". A nan, zato biyu na hankali da ingancin kasuwa suna haifar da ka'idar fayil ta zamani ( CAPM ), da kuma ka'idar Black-Scholes don kimanta zaɓi . A matakai mafi ci gaba—kuma sau da yawa a matsayin martani ga [[Tattalin arzikin duniya|matsalolin kuɗi]] —binciken yana faɗaɗa waɗannan samfuran "neoclassical" don haɗa abubuwan da suka faru inda zato ba su da tushe, ko kuma zuwa ga mafi yawan yanayi. # Sabanin haka, yawancin ka'idar kuɗi ta kamfanoni suna ɗaukar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin " tabbaci " ( ka'idar rabuwar Fisher, [[John Burr Williams|"ka'idar ƙimar saka hannun jari"]], da ka'idar Modigliani-Miller ). A nan, an ƙirƙiri ka'ida da hanyoyi don yanke shawara game da kuɗaɗen tallafi, rabon riba, da tsarin jari da aka tattauna a sama. Wani ci gaba da aka samu kwanan nan shi ne a haɗa rashin tabbas da abubuwan da za su iya faruwa - don haka abubuwa daban-daban na farashin kadarori - a cikin waɗannan shawarwarin, ta amfani da misali nazarin zaɓuɓɓuka na gaske . === Lissafi na kuɗi === {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math>\begin{align} C(S, t) &= N(d_1)S - N(d_2) Ke^{-r(T - t)} \\ d_1 &= \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{T - t}}\left[\ln\left(\frac{S}{K}\right) + \left(r + \frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)(T - t)\right] \\ d_2 &= d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{T - t} \\ \end{align}</math> [[Black–Scholes model#Black–Scholes formula|The Black–Scholes formula]] for the value of a [[call option]]. Although lately its use is [[Financial economics#Departures from normality|considered naive]], it has underpinned the development of derivatives-theory, and financial mathematics more generally, since its introduction in 1973.<ref>[https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ "The History of the Black-Scholes Formula"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126125626/https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ |date=2021-11-26 }}, priceonomics.com</ref>}} |} [[File:OAS_valuation_tree_(es).png|thumb| Ana amfani da "bishiyoyi" sosai a fannin lissafin kuɗi; a nan ana amfani da shi wajen ƙididdige OAS . Sauran hanyoyin farashi da aka saba amfani da su sune kwaikwayon da PDEs . Ana amfani da waɗannan don saitunan da suka wuce waɗanda Black-Scholes ya tsara . Bayan rikicin, ko da a cikin waɗannan saitunan, bankuna suna amfani da samfuran canjin yanayi na gida da na stochastic don haɗa saman canjin yanayi, yayin da gyare-gyaren xVA suka dace da la'akari da takwarorinsu da jari.]] Lissafin kuɗi fanni ne na [[lissafi mai amfani]] da ya shafi kasuwannin kuɗi ; takardar digirin digirgir ta Louis Bachelier, wacce aka kare a shekarar 1900, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin aikin ilimi na farko a wannan fanni. An fi mai da hankali kan tsarin kayan da aka samo asali - tare da mai da hankali sosai kan ƙimar riba - da kuma ƙirar haɗarin bashi - yayin da wasu muhimman fannoni suka haɗa da lissafin inshora da kuma kula da fayil ɗin adadi . Hakazalika, ana amfani da dabarun da aka ƙirƙiro don farashi da kuma kariyar nau'ikan kadarori daban-daban, na gwamnati, da na kamfanoni . Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, dangane da aiki, ana kiran fannin da kuɗi mai yawa da/ko kuɗin lissafi, kuma ya ƙunshi fannoni uku da aka tattauna. Manyan kayan aikin lissafi da dabarun su ne, daidai da haka: * don abubuwan da aka samo asali, Lissafin stochastic na Itô, kwaikwayo, da daidaitattun bambance-bambance na ɓangare ; duba tattaunawar da aka haɗa a cikin akwati game da samfurin Black-Scholes na samfurin da dabarun lambobi daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su yanzu * don gudanar da haɗari, ƙimar haɗari, gwajin damuwa da nazarin "masu hankali" (ta amfani da "Girkawa"); ilimin lissafi na asali ya ƙunshi samfuran gauraye, PCA, tarin canjin yanayi da copulas . <ref>See for example III.A.3, in Carol Alexander, ed. (2005). ''The Professional Risk Managers' Handbook''. PRMIA Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-9766097-0-4}}</ref> * a cikin waɗannan fannoni biyu, musamman ga matsalolin fayil, quants suna amfani da dabarun ingantawa masu inganci. A lissafi, waɗannan sun rabu zuwa rassan nazari guda biyu : farashin da aka samo asali yana amfani da yiwuwar rashin haɗari (ko yiwuwar farashin sulhu ), wanda aka nuna ta "Q"; yayin da haɗarin da gudanar da fayil gabaɗaya suna amfani da yiwuwar zahiri (ko ta zahiri ko ta actuarial), wanda aka nuna ta "P". Waɗannan suna da alaƙa ta hanyar " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori " da ke sama. Batun yana da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin kuɗi, wanda, kamar yadda aka bayyana, ya mayar da hankali kan yawancin ka'idar da ke cikin lissafin kuɗi: gabaɗaya, lissafin kuɗi zai samo kuma ya faɗaɗa samfuran lissafi da aka ba da shawara. Kuɗin kwamfuta reshe ne na kimiyyar kwamfuta (wanda aka yi amfani da shi) wanda ke magance matsalolin da suka shafi sha'awa a fannin kuɗi, kuma musamman yana jaddada hanyoyin lambobi da aka yi amfani da su a nan. === Kuɗin gwaji === Kuɗin gwaji yana da nufin kafa yanayi daban-daban na kasuwa da muhalli don lura da gwaji da kuma samar da wata hanya ta kimiyya ta yadda za ta iya nazarin halayen wakilai da kuma halayen da suka haifar da kwararar ciniki, yaɗuwar bayanai, da tarawa, hanyoyin saita farashi, da kuma hanyoyin dawo da kaya. Masu bincike a fannin gwajin kuɗi suna nazarin yadda ka'idojin tattalin arzikin kuɗi na yanzu ke yin hasashen gaskiya kuma suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da su. Suna kuma da nufin gano sabbin ƙa'idodi don faɗaɗa waɗannan ka'idoji don yanke shawara kan harkokin kuɗi na gaba. Wannan bincike sau da yawa ya ƙunshi gudanar da kwaikwayon ciniki ko lura da ɗabi'un ɗan adam a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, gasa, da kuma kamar kasuwa. Nazarin harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a yana nuna yadda ''[[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar]]'' masu zuba jari ko manajoji ke shafar yanke shawara da kasuwanni na kuɗi kuma yana da mahimmanci wajen yanke shawara wanda zai iya yin tasiri ko dai a kan wani ɓangare na fannoninsu mara kyau ko kuma mai kyau. Tare da ƙarin zurfafa bincike kan harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a, yana yiwuwa a haɗa abin da ke faruwa a kasuwannin kuɗi da bincike bisa ga ka'idar kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zahera |first=Syed Aliya |last2=Bansal |first2=Rohit |date=2018-05-08 |title=Do investors exhibit behavioral biases in investment decision making? A systematic review |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Qualitative Research in Financial Markets |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=210–251 |doi=10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028 |issn=1755-4179 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408144635/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |archive-date=2022-04-08 |access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> Kuɗin ɗabi'a ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata don zama muhimmin ɓangare na kuɗi. A zamanin yau akwai buƙatar ƙarin nazari da kuma gwada tasirin ji a kan shawarwarin kuɗi. Musamman ma, domin yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a wuce kuɗin halayya zuwa kuɗin zamantakewa, wanda ke nazarin tsarin hulɗar zamantakewa, yadda ra'ayoyin kuɗi ke yaɗuwa, da kuma yadda hanyoyin zamantakewa ke shafar yanke shawara da sakamako na kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hirshleifer |first=David |date=2015 |title=Behavioral Finance |journal=Annual Review of Financial Economics |language=en |volume=7 |pages=133–159 |doi=10.1146/annurev-financial-092214-043752 |issn=1941-1367 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Harkokin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da waɗannan batutuwa kamar: # Nazarin tarihi wanda ke nuna manyan karkacewa daga ka'idojin gargajiya; # Samfura na yadda ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ke shafar ciniki da farashi da kuma yadda yake shafar ciniki; # Hasashen bisa ga waɗannan hanyoyin; # Nazarin kasuwannin kadarori na gwaji da kuma amfani da samfura don hasashen gwaje-gwaje. An yi wa wani ɓangare na kuɗin ɗabi'a lakabi da kuɗin ɗabi'a na adadi, wanda ke amfani da hanyoyin lissafi da na ƙididdiga don fahimtar son zuciya na ɗabi'a tare da kimantawa. === Kuɗin kuɗi na Quantum === Kudin kuɗi ya haɗa da yin amfani da hanyoyin inji na inji ga ka'idar kuɗi, samar da sababbin hanyoyin da ra'ayoyi a fagen.<ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{cite web |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-24|url-status=dead |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics|publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kudi kudi wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa, inda ake amfani da ka'idoji da hanyoyin da masana kimiyyar lissafi da masana tattalin arziki suka bunkasa don magance matsalolin kudi. Yana wakiltar reshe da aka sani da econophysics . Kodayake hanyoyin lissafi masu yawa sun kasance a kusa da wasu lokuta kuma suna amfani da ka'idodin kimiyyar lissafi don fahimtar hanyoyin aiwatarwa da sarrafa kwararar kuɗi, lissafi ne da ke da mahimmanci a cikin wannan sabon yanayin. Ka'idar kudi ta dogara ne akan farashin kayan aiki na kudi, kamar farashin zaɓi na hannun jari. Yawancin matsalolin da ke fuskantar al'ummar kudi ba su da wani bayani na bincike. A sakamakon haka, hanyoyin lambobi da simulations na kwamfuta don warware waɗannan matsalolin sun karu. Wannan yanki na bincike an san shi da kudi na lissafi. Yawancin matsalolin kudi na lissafi suna da babban matsayi na rikitarwa na lissafi kuma suna da jinkiri don haɗuwa da mafita a kan kwamfutoci na gargajiya. Musamman, idan ya zo ga farashin zaɓi, akwai ƙarin rikitarwa sakamakon buƙatar amsawa ga kasuwannin da ke canzawa da sauri. Misali, don amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan hannun jari marasa daidaituwa, lissafin dole ne ya kammala kafin canji na gaba a cikin kusan ci gaba da canza kasuwar hannun jari. A sakamakon haka, al'ummar kudi koyaushe suna neman hanyoyin da za su shawo kan matsalolin aikin da ke tasowa yayin zaɓuɓɓukan farashi. Wannan ya haifar da bincike wanda ke amfani da wasu hanyoyin lissafi don kudi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kudi da aka fi amfani da su sune tsarin ci gaba mai yawa, tsarin binomial mai yawa, samfurin binomial da sauransu. Asalin kuɗi za a iya gano shi tun daga farkon kafa jihohi da cinikayya a [[zamanin Tagulla]] . An gano cewa an gano farkon shaidar kuɗi a tarihi a kusan shekara ta 3000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Bankuna sun samo asali ne daga [[Yammacin Asiya]], inda ake amfani da haikali da manyan fada a matsayin wurare masu aminci don adana kayayyaki masu daraja. Da farko, hatsi ne kawai mai daraja da za a iya ajiyewa, amma daga ƙarshe shanu da kayan tarihi sun shiga ciki. A wannan lokacin, birnin Uruk na Sumerian a [[Mesopotamia]] ya tallafa wa ciniki ta hanyar ba da rance da kuma amfani da riba. A cikin Sumerian, "sha'awa" shine ''mas'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "maraƙi". A [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] da [[Misra|Masar]], kalmomin da ake amfani da su don sha'awa, ''tokos'' da ''ms'' bi da bi, suna nufin "haihuwa". A cikin waɗannan al'adu, sha'awa ta nuna ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci, kuma da alama tana la'akari da hakan daga mahangar mai ba da bashi. Dokar Hammurabi (1792–1750 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa) ta ƙunshi dokokin da ke kula da harkokin banki. Mutanen Babila sun saba da karɓar riba a kashi 20 cikin ɗari a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1200 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), an yi amfani da harsashin cowrie a matsayin nau'in kuɗi a [[Sin|ƙasar Sin]] . Amfani da tsabar kudi a matsayin hanyar wakiltar kudi ya fara ne a cikin shekaru tsakanin 700 da 500 KZ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=babylon-coins.com |url=http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615134016/http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |archive-date=2021-06-15 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=babylon-coins.com}}</ref> Herodotus ya ambaci amfani da tsabar kudi a Lydia a kusa da 687 KZ kuma, a shekara ta 640 KZ, mutanen Lidiya sun fara amfani da tsalar kudi a ko'ina kuma sun bude shagunan sayar da kayayyaki na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Herodotus on Lydia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513152131/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |archive-date=2021-05-13 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, birane a Girka ta gargajiya, kamar Aegina, [[Athens]], da Koranti, sun fara yin nasu tsabar kudi tsakanin 595 da 570 KZ. A lokacin Jamhuriyar Roma, sake fasalin Lex Genucia ya haramta sha'awa a cikin 342 KZ, kodayake tanadin ya tafi ba tare da tilasta shi ba. A karkashin [[Julius Caesar|Julius Kaisar]], an saita rufin a kan kudaden shiga na 12%, kuma daga baya a ƙarƙashin Justinian an saukar da shi har ma zuwa tsakanin 4% da 8% .<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2005 |title=History of Usury Prohibition – IslamiCity |url=https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409014040/https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |archive-date=2023-04-09 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=islamicity.org}}</ref> An buɗe musayar hannun jari ta farko a [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] a cikin 1531.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handelsbeurs |trans-title=Trade fair |url=https://visit.antwerpen.be/info/handelsbeurs |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Visit Antwerp |language=nl |quote=The 'Nieuwe Beurs' was built in 1531 because the 'Old Beurs' in Hofstraat had become too small. It was the first stock exchange ever built specifically for that purpose and later became the example for all stock exchange buildings in the world.}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kirkiro shahararrun musayar kamar London Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1773) da New York Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1793).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902213413/https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=London Stock Exchange}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Guides: Wall Street and the Stock Exchanges: Historical Resources: Stock Exchanges |url=https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804230415/https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Rikicin kudi na 2008 * Bayani game da kudi {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite book|last2=Jason Zweig}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=John C. Bogle}} *   * {{Cite book|last2=Sharon Lechter}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=George Soros}} * {{Cite book|last3=Philip Arthur Fisher}} == Haɗin waje == * Magana ta Hypertextual Finance (Campbell Harvey) * Bayanan Kudi (Pierre Vernimmen) * [[Risk (magazine)|Risk.net]]/glossary" id="mwBf8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin kula da haɗarin kuɗi (Risk.net) * [[NASDAQ]].com/glossary" id="mwBgI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (NASDAQ) * Kalmomin Maɓallin Kasuwanci (PIMCO) * [http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ Kudin kamfanoni] (Aswath Damodaran) * albarkatun gudanar da kudi (James Van Horne) * Abubuwan da ke tattare da kudade na mutum (Financial Literacy and Education Commission, mymoney.gov) * albarkatun kudi na jama'a (Governance and Social Development Resource Center, gsdrc.org) [An adana 2023-06-02 a ] * albarkatun kula da haɗari (Cibiyar Hadari ta Duniya) [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dhstamt45abbigucxw0o7esw3dmdjpf 967090 967089 2026-10-13T10:12:58Z Zaujeel khair 49197 967090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Kuɗi|kudi]]''' yana nufin gudanarwa, motsi, saka hannun jari, da tara [[kuɗi]]. "[[Finance]]" kuma yana nufin horo na ilimi wanda ke nazarin waɗannan. Dangane da girman ayyukan kudi, ana iya raba horo zuwa manyan rassa guda uku na mutum, kamfanoni, da na jama'a.{{Efn|The following are definitions of 'finance' offered by the authors indicated: * [https://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/eugene.fama/research/Theory%20of%20Finance/The%20Theory%20of%20Finance%20Preface%20and%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf Fama and Miller]: "The theory of finance is concerned with how individuals and firms allocate resources through time. In particular, it seeks to explain how solutions to the problems faced in allocating resources through time are facilitated by the existence of capital markets (which provide a means for individual economic agents to exchange resources to be available of different points In time) and of firms (which, by their production-investment decisions, provide a means for individuals to transform current resources physically into resources to be available in the future)." * [https://afajof.org/wp-content/uploads/files/historical-texts/guthmann-dougall-1940-ocr.pdf Guthmann and Dougall]: "Finance is concerned with the raising and administering of funds and with the relationships between private profit-seeking enterprise on the one hand and the groups which supply the funds on the other. These groups, which include investors and speculators – that is, capitalists or property owners – as well as those who advance short-term capital, place their money in the field of commerce and industry and in return expect a stream of income." * [https://www.wiley.com/en-in/Finance:+Capital+Markets,+Financial+Management,+and+Investment+Management-p-9780470407356 Drake and Fabozzi]: "Finance is the application of economic principles to decision-making that involves the allocation of money under conditions of uncertainty." * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1637242A/Frank_Walter_Paish F.W. Paish]: "Finance may be defined as the position of money at the time it is wanted". * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL835181A/John_J._Hampton John J. Hampton]: "The term finance can be defined as the management of the flows of money through an organisation, whether it will be a corporation, school, or bank or government agency". * [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976723372 Howard and Upton]: "Finance may be defined as that administrative area or set of administrative functions in an organisation which relates with the arrangement of each debt and credit so that the organisation may have the means to carry out the objectives as satisfactorily as possible". * [https://education.wbstraining.com/pluginfile.php/2808/mod_resource/content/1/PabloFernandez_Finance%20and%20Financial%20Economics.pdf Pablo Fernandez]: "Finance is a profession that requires interdisciplinary training and helps company managers make sound decisions regarding financing, investment, continuity, and other issues that affect the inflow and outflow of money, as well as the company's risk. It also helps individuals and institutions invest wisely and plan money-related matters effectively."}} A cikin "tsarin Kudin", ana sayen kadarori, siyarwa, ko siyarwa azaman kayan aiki na kudi, kamar kudade, rance, takardun [[shaida]], hannun jari, zaɓuɓɓuka, makomar gaba, swaps, da dai sauransu. Hakanan ana iya [[banki]], saka hannun jari, da inshora don kara darajar da rage asarar. A aikace, haɗari koyaushe suna cikin kowane mataki na kuɗi da ƙungiyoyi. Kasuwancin kuɗi da cibiyoyin suna tallafawa tsarin. Saboda fa'idarsa, akwai fannoni daban-daban na kuɗi a cikin harkar kuɗi. Gudanar da kadarori, kuɗi, haɗari da saka hannun jari yana nufin haɓaka ƙima da rage canjin yanayi . Binciken kuɗi yana tantance dorewa, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma ribar wani aiki ko ƙungiya. Wasu fannoni suna da fannoni daban-daban, kamar fannin kuɗi na lissafi, dokar kuɗi, tattalin arziki na kuɗi, injiniyan kuɗi da fasahar kuɗi . A wasu lokuta, ana iya gwada ka'idojin kuɗi ta amfani da hanyar kimiyya, wacce aka rufe ta da kuɗin gwaji . Tarihin farko na kudi ya yi daidai da tarihin farko na kudi, wanda shine [[Prehistory|prehistoric]]. Al'adun gargajiya da na zamani sun haɗa da ayyuka na asali na kudi, kamar banki, kasuwanci da lissafi, a cikin tattalin arzikin su. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an kafa Tsarin kudi na [[duniya]]. A matsayin batun karatu, kudi yana da alaƙa da fannonin [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (bincike na [[Samar|samarwa]], rarraba, da amfani da kayayyaki da ayyuka) da kuma Gudanar da kasuwanci (gwamnatin albarkatun kungiyar don cimma burinta). An kafa shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a cikin kudi a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gippel |first=Jennifer K |date=2012-11-07 |title=A revolution in finance? |journal=[[Australian Journal of Management]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=125–146 |doi=10.1177/0312896212461034 |issn=0312-8962 |s2cid=154759424 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A yau, ana nazarin kudi sosai ta hanyar shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu. == Tsarin kudi == [[File:1925.B&O.Railroad.Stock.Louis.Brandeis.jpg|right|thumb|Bond da aka bayar ta hanyar Baltimore da Ohio Railroad. Bonds wani nau'i ne na aro da kamfanoni ke amfani da shi don tallafawa ayyukansu.]] [[File:Radium_Hill_share_certificate.jpg|right|thumb|Takardar shaidar raba ta shekara ta 1913 da Kamfanin Radium Hill ya bayar]] [[File:NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg|right|thumb|Kasuwancin musayar hannun jari na NYSE a cikin 1963, kafin gabatar da karatun lantarki da allo na kwamfuta]] [[File:Chicago_bot.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Masara na Chicago, 1993]] [[File:A1_Houston_Office_Oil_Traders_on_Monday.jpg|right|thumb|'Yan kasuwar mai, Houston, 2009]] Kamar yadda aka tsara, tsarin kudi ya ƙunshi kwararar babban birnin da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane da gidaje (kudin kuɗi na mutum), [[gwamnatoci]] (Kudin jama'a), da kasuwanci (Kudin kamfanoni). "Finance" don haka yana nazarin tsarin tura kudi daga masu ajiya da masu saka hannun jari zuwa ga ƙungiyoyin da ke buƙatar shi.{{Efn|Finance thus allows production and consumption in society to operate independently from each other. Without the use of financial allocation, production would have to happen at the same time and space as consumption. Through finance, distances in timespace between production and consumption are then possible.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Michael |last2=Price |first2=John |title=Monetized time-space: derivatives – money's 'new imaginary'? |journal=Economy and Society |date=2000 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=264–284 |doi=10.1080/030851400360497 |s2cid=145739812 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320050529/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} Masu adanawa da masu saka hannun jari suna da kuɗin da za su iya samun riba ko rabon kuɗi idan aka yi amfani da su. Kowane mutum, [[kamfanoni]], da gwamnatoci dole ne su sami [[kuɗi]] daga tushen waje, kamar rance ko bashi, lokacin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi don gudanar da ayyukansu. Gabaɗaya, wani bangare wanda kuɗin shiga ya wuce kuɗin da ya kashe na iya ba da rance ko saka hannun jari tare da manufar samun dawowar adalci. Hakazalika, wani bangare inda samun kudin shiga bai kai kasa da kashewa ba zai iya tara kudade yawanci a cikin daya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu: (i) ta hanyar aro a cikin nau'in rance (mutane masu zaman kansu), ko ta hanyar sayar da takardun gwamnati ko kamfanoni; (ii) ta hanyar kamfani da ke sayar da daidaito, wanda ake kira hannun jari ko hannun jari (wanda zai iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban: hannun jari na kowa). Masu mallakar duka takardun shaida da hannun jari na iya zama masu saka hannun jari - cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar bankunan saka hannun jari da asusun fansho - ko mutane masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ake kira Masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu ko masu saka hannun hannun jari. (Dubi mahalarta kasuwar kudi.) Sau da yawa ba kai tsaye ba ne, ta hanyar matsakaiciyar kudi kamar [[banki]], ko ta hanyar sayen bayanan rubutu ko jingina (gidan ajiyar kamfanoni, jingina na gwamnati, ko jingina na juna) a cikin kasuwar jingina. Mai ba da rance yana karɓar riba, mai ba da ranta yana biyan riba mafi girma fiye da mai ba da rancen da ke karɓa, kuma matsakancin kuɗi yana samun bambanci don shirya rancen.<ref>See e.g., {{Cite web |last=Bank of Finland |author-link=Bank of Finland |title=Financial system |url=https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602105013/https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |archive-date=2020-06-02 |access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the financial system? |url=https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731162128/https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |archive-date=2020-07-31 |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=Economy}}</ref> Bankin yana tara ayyukan masu ba da bashi da masu ba da rance da yawa. Bankuna suna karɓar ajiya daga mutane da kamfanoni, suna biyan riba a kan waɗannan kudade. Bankin ya ba da rancen waɗannan ajiya ga masu ba da bashi, yana sauƙaƙa ma'amaloli tsakanin masu ba da rance da masu ba da rance iri-iri da kuma ba da damar daidaitaccen tsarin kuɗi. Zuba jari yawanci yana haifar da sayen hannun jari, ko dai takardun shaida ko ta hanyar asusun hadin gwiwa, misali. Kamfanoni galibi suna sayar da hannun jari ga masu saka hannun jari don tara kudaden da ake buƙata a cikin hanyar "daidaitaccen kuɗi", kamar yadda ya bambanta da bashin da aka bayyana a sama. Tsakanin kudi a nan sune Bankunan saka hannun jari na farko kuma suna sauƙaƙa jerin kadarorin, yawanci hannun jari da jingina), musayar kadarorin (wanda ke ba da damar cinikin su daga baya), da masu ba da sabis na saka hannun jari daban-daban (ciki har da kudade na juna, kudaden fansho, Manajojin dukiya, da masu ba su hannun jari, yawanci suna ba da sabis ga masu saka hannun jari). Kasuwanci da saka hannun jari tsakanin hukumomi, da kuma Gudanar da kudade a wannan sikelin, ana kiransu "babban kudi". Cibiyoyin a nan suna fadada samfuran da aka bayar, tare da kasuwanci mai alaƙa, don haɗawa da zaɓuɓɓuka, swaps, da samfuran da suka tsara, da kuma kudade na musamman; wannan "injini na kudi" asalin lissafi ne, kuma waɗannan cibiyoyin sune manyan masu ba da aiki na Masu sharhi masu yawa (ko "ƙididdiga", duba ƙasa). A cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin, Gudanar da haɗari, babban birnin sarrafawa, da bin doka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. == Yankunan kudi == Kamar yadda aka tsara, kudi ya ƙunshi fannoni uku: kudi na mutum, kudi na kamfanoni, da kuma kudi na jama'a. Wadannan, bi da bi, sun haɗu kuma suna amfani da ayyuka daban-daban da ƙananan horo - galibi saka hannun jari, gudanar da haɗari, da kuma kudi mai yawa. === Kudin mutum === [[File:Wealth_Management_Consultation.jpg|thumb|Tattaunawar kula da dukiya - a nan, mai ba da shawara kan kudi yana ba da shawara ga abokin ciniki kan dabarun saka hannun jari da ya dace.]] Kudin mutum yana nufin aikin kasafin kuɗi don tabbatar da isasshen kudade don biyan bukatun asali, yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa akwai matakin haɗari kawai don rasa wannan babban birnin. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan kuɗi don ilimi, ba da kuɗi ga kayayyaki masu dorewa kamar su ƙasa da motoci, sayen inshora, saka hannun jari, da adanawa don ritaya. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan bashin ko wasu wajibai na bashi. Babban bangarorin kudi na mutum ana daukar su a matsayin samun kudin shiga, kashewa, adanawa, saka hannun jari, da kariya. Matakan da ke biyowa, kamar yadda Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Kudi ta tsara, sun nuna cewa mutum zai fahimci shirin kudi na sirri bayan: * Sayen inshora don tabbatar da kariya daga abubuwan da ba a tsammani ba; * Fahimtar tasirin manufofin haraji, tallafi, ko azabtarwa akan gudanar da kudaden mutum; * Fahimtar tasirin bashi a kan matsayin kudi na mutum; * Ci gaba da shirin tanadi ko kudade don manyan sayayya (moto, ilimi, gida); * Shirya makomar kudi mai aminci a cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki; * Binciken asusun ajiya ko asusun ajiyar kuɗi; * Shirya don ritaya ko wasu kudade na dogon lokaci. === Kudin kamfanoni === Kudin kamfanoni yana hulɗa da ayyukan da manajoji ke ɗauka don haɓaka darajar kamfanin ga masu hannun jari, tushen kudade da Tsarin babban birnin kamfanoni, da kayan aiki da bincike da aka yi amfani da su don rarraba albarkatun kuɗi. Duk da yake kudaden kamfanoni sun bambanta da kudaden gudanarwa, wanda ke nazarin Gudanar da kudade na dukkan kamfanoni maimakon kamfanoni kadai, ra'ayoyin sun dace da matsalolin kudi na dukkan kamfanonin, kuma wannan yanki ana kiransa "kudin kasuwanci". Yawanci, "kudin kuɗi na kamfanoni" yana da alaƙa da burin dogon lokaci na haɓaka darajar kadarorin, hannun jari, da dawowarsa ga masu hannun jari, yayin da kuma daidaita haɗari da riba. Wannan ya ƙunshi manyan wurare uku: # Kasafin kuɗi na babban birnin: zaɓar waɗanne ayyukan da za a saka hannun jari a ciki - a nan, ƙayyade ƙimar daidai yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda hukunce-hukunce game da ƙimar dukiya na iya zama "yi ko karya". # Manufofin raba: amfani da kudade "ya wuce gona da iri - waɗannan za a sake saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwanci ko kuma a mayar da su ga masu hannun jari. # Tsarin babban birnin: yanke shawara kan cakuda kudade da za a yi amfani da su - a nan ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun haɗin babban birnin sake biyan bashin bashi vs farashin babban birnin. (Wannan ya kunshi fahimtar yadda kamfanin zai samar don gamsar da masu saka hannun jari, da kuma rage matsakaicin matsakaicin farashin babban birnin (WACC) ) don darajar kamfanin ta karu. ) Wannan na ƙarshe ya haifar da haɗin tare da banki na saka hannun jari da kasuwancin tsaro, kamar yadda yake a sama, a cikin cewa babban birnin da aka tara zai ƙunshi bashi, watau takardun kamfanoni, da daidaito, sau da yawa an jera hannun jari. Sake gudanar da haɗari a cikin kamfanoni, duba ƙasa. Manajojin kudi - watau kamar yadda suka bambanta da masu hada-hadar kudi na kamfanoni - suna mai da hankali kan abubuwan ''gajeren lokaci'' na riba, kwararar kuɗi, da "mana Gudanar da babban birnin aiki" (inventory, bashi da masu bashi), wanda ke damuwa game da ayyukan tallafin yau da kullun, kuma burin shine kiyaye ruwa, rage haɗari da haɓaka inganci tabbatar da cewa kamfanin zai iya aiwatar da manufofinsa na kudi da aiki; watau: (1) zai iya ba da biyan bashin gajeren lokaci da kuma biyan bashin aiki na dogon lokaci, da kuma biyan kuɗi na gaba yana da isasshen bashin aiki. (Dubi Gudanar da Kudi da FP&amp;amp;A.) === Kudin jama'a === [[File:2023-federal-budget-breakdown.png|thumb|322x322px|CBO: 2023 Kudin Tarayyar Amurka]] Kudin jama'a yana nufin gudanar da kudade da ke da alaƙa da jihohi masu zaman kansu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ƙasa, da hukumomin gwamnati ko ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa. Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi hangen nesa na dogon lokaci game da yanke shawara na saka hannun jari wanda ke shafar ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Wadannan lokutan dabarun na dogon lokaci yawanci sun kunshi shekaru biyar ko fiye. Kudin jama'a ya fi damuwa da: * Bayyana kudaden da ake buƙata na ƙungiyar jama'a; * Tushen (s) na kudaden shiga na wannan mahallin - daga haraji, da kuma wadanda ba haraji ba; * Tsarin kasafin kuɗi; * Bayar da bashin mallaka, ko takardun birni don ayyukan Ayyukan jama'a. Bankunan tsakiya, irin su Bankunan Tarayya a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Babban Bankin Turai da Bankin Ingila a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], 'yan wasa ne masu karfi a cikin kudaden jama'a. Suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da rance na ƙarshe da kuma tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan yanayin kuɗi da bashi a cikin tattalin arziki. Kudin ci gaba, wanda ke da alaƙa, ya shafi saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan Ci gaban tattalin arziki da wata hukuma ta gwamnati (kusan) ta bayar ba tare da kasuwanci ba; waɗannan ayyukan ba za su iya samun kuɗi ba. Ana amfani da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu don ayyukan [[Infrastructure|ababen more rayuwa]]: kamfani mai zaman kansa yana ba da kuɗi a gaba, sannan ya jawo riba daga masu biyan haraji ko masu amfani. [[Kudin yanayi]], da kuma kudaden muhalli masu alaƙa, suna magance dabarun kudi, albarkatu da kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su wajen [[Rage canjin yanayi]]. === Gudanar da saka hannun jari === [[File:Stock_Price_Listing_Numbers_on_a_Korean_Newspaper.jpg|thumb|Farashin hannun jari da aka jera a cikin jaridar Koriya]] [[Fayil:Stock_ticker.jpg|thumb|"Farin ciki kafin fashewar kumfa" - farashin kallo ta hanyar tef, jim kadan kafin Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:E-ticker.jpg|thumb|Mai sayar da farashi na zamani. Wannan ababen more rayuwa yana tallafawa musayar zamani, yana tabbatar da farashi da alamomin tikiti masu alaƙa. Alamar ticker tana wakiltar saiti na musamman na haruffa da aka yi amfani da su don gano batun ma'amala ta kudi.]] Gudanar da saka hannun jari shine gudanar da kadarorin kwararru na "Tsaro" daban-daban - yawanci hannun jari da jingina, amma kuma wasu kadarori, kamar dukiya, kayayyaki da madadin saka hannun jari - don saduwa da takamaiman manufofin saka hannun jari don amfanin masu saka hannun jari. Kamar yadda yake a sama, masu saka hannun jari na iya zama cibiyoyi, kamar kamfanonin inshora, kudaden fansho, kamfanoni, kungiyoyin agaji, cibiyoyin ilimi, ko masu saka hannun jarin masu zaman kansu, ko dai kai tsaye ta hanyar kwangilar saka hannun jari ko, mafi yawanci, ta hanyar tsarin saka hannun jari kamar kudaden musayar, kudaden musanyawa, ko amincin saka hannun jari. A zuciyar gudanar da saka hannun jari shine rabon dukiya - rarraba bayyanar tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan dukiya, da kuma tsakanin tsaron mutum a cikin kowane nau'in dukiya - kamar yadda ya dace da Manufofin saka hannun jari na abokin ciniki, bi da bi, aikin bayanin haɗari, burin saka hannun jari, da kuma sararin saka hannun jari (duba Bayanan mai saka hannun jari). A nan: * Inganta fayil shine tsari na zabar fayil mafi kyau da aka ba da manufofi da ƙuntatawa na abokin ciniki. * Binciken asali shine tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen kimantawa da kimantawa ga takardun mutum. * Binciken fasaha shine game da hasashen farashin kadarori na gaba tare da bayanan da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Yufeng |last2=Liu |first2=Yang |last3=Zhou |first3=Guofu |last4=Zhu |first4=Yingzi |date=2021-05-21 |title=Technical Analysis in the Stock Market: A Review |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3850494 |location=[[Rochester, New York]] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3850494 |s2cid=235195430 |ssrn=3850494 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Overlaid shine salon saka hannun jari na manajan fayil - gabaɗaya, mai aiki vs. mai wucewa, darajar vs girma, da ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa vs. babban ƙwanƙusa - da dabarun saka hannun jari. A cikin fayil ɗin da aka samu da kyau, aikin saka hannun jari zai kasance, gabaɗaya, ya zama aikin haɗin kadarorin da aka zaɓa, yayin da ɗayan tsaro ba su da tasiri. Takamaiman tsarin ko falsafar zai kasance mai mahimmanci, dangane da yadda ya dace da sake zagayowar kasuwa. Baya ga wannan bambancin, mahimmin haɗarin da aka yi amfani da shi, manajojin saka hannun jari za su yi amfani da dabarun karewa daban-daban kamar yadda ya dace; waɗannan na iya danganta da fayil ɗin gaba ɗaya ko kuma ga ɗakunan mutum. Sau da yawa (maimakon haka) ana sarrafa fayilolin Bond ta hanyar daidaitawa ko rigakafi, yayin da don fayilolin da matsayi, 'yan kasuwa suna amfani da "Greeks" don auna sannan kuma rage ƙwarewa. A layi daya, manajoji - mai aiki da marasa aiki - za su sa ido kan kuskuren bin diddigin, don haka ragewa da kuma kawar da duk wani rashin aiki da "ma'auni" su. Ana sarrafa asusun adadi ta amfani da dabarun lissafi na kwamfuta (ƙaruwa, ilmantarwa na inji) maimakon hukuncin mutum. Gaskiyar ciniki yawanci ana sarrafa ta atomatik ta hanyar algorithms masu mahimmanci. === Gudanar da haɗari === [[File:Crowds_gathering_outside_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(4).jpg|thumb|Jama'a da suka taru a waje da Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New York bayan Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:Northern_Rock_Queue.jpg|thumb|Abokan ciniki suna layi a waje da reshen Northern Rock a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] don janye ajiyar su a lokacin Rikicin kudi na 2008]] Gudanar da haɗari, gabaɗaya, shine nazarin yadda za a sarrafa haɗari da daidaita yiwuwar riba; shine tsarin auna haɗari sannan kuma haɓaka da aiwatar da dabarun sarrafa wannan haɗarin. Gudanar da Hadarin kudi shine aikin kare ƙimar kamfanoni daga haɗarin kuɗi, sau da yawa ta hanyar "haɓaka" ga waɗannan ta amfani da kayan kuɗi. Ana mai da hankali musamman kan haɗarin bashi da kasuwa, kuma a cikin bankunan, ta hanyar babban birnin, ya haɗa da haɗarin aiki. Gudanar da haɗarin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da kuɗin kamfanoni a hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, bayyanar kamfanoni ga haɗarin kasuwa shine sakamakon kai tsaye na saka hannun jari na baya da yanke shawara na kudade; yayin da haɗarin bashi ya fito ne daga manufofin bashi na kasuwanci kuma galibi ana magance shi ta hanyar inshora na bashi da samarwa. Abu na biyu, duka horo suna da burin ingantawa ko aƙalla adanawa, darajar tattalin arzikin kamfanin, kuma a cikin wannan mahallin sun haɗu da kuma gudanar da haɗarin kasuwanci, yawanci yankin Gudanar da dabarun. A nan, kamfanoni suna ba da lokaci da ƙoƙari sosai ga hasashen, nazari da saka idanu kan aikin. (Dubi [[Gudanar da dukiya da alhakin|ALM]] da kula da baitulmalin.) Ga bankunan da sauran cibiyoyin sayar da kayayyaki, gudanar da hadari yana mai da hankali kan gudanarwa, kuma kamar yadda ya kamata, matsayi daban-daban da ma'aikatar ke riƙewa - duka matsayi na kasuwanci da bayyanar dogon lokaci - da kuma lissafi da saka idanu kan sakamakon Babban birnin tattalin arziki, da kuma babban birnin sarrafawa a karkashin Basel III. Lissafi a nan suna da ƙwarewar lissafi, kuma a cikin yankin kudi mai yawa kamar yadda ke ƙasa. Hadarin bashi yana cikin kasuwancin banki, amma Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan cibiyoyin suna fuskantar hadarin bashi na abokin tarayya. Bankuna yawanci suna amfani da Ofishin Tsakiya "Risk Groups", yayin da "Ƙungiyoyin haɗari" na ofishin gaba ke ba da haɗari "hidimomi" (ko "magani") ga abokan ciniki. Masu inshora suna gudanar da haɗarin kansu tare da mai da hankali kan biyan kuɗi da ikon biyan da'awar: masu inshora na rayuwa sun fi damuwa da haɗarin rayuwa da haɗarin riba; masu inshora masu gajeren lokaci (inshora na dukiya, inshora na kiwon lafiya, inshora mai haɗari) suna jaddada ƙirar bala'i da haɗarin tashin hankali. Don da'awar da ake tsammani ana ajiye ajiya lokaci-lokaci, yayin da don shan asarar da ba a tsammani ba, ana kiyaye mafi ƙarancin matakin babban birnin. === Kuɗin adadi === [[File:Dojima-Rice-Exchange-Osaka-by-Yoshimitsu-Sasaki.png|alt=Dōjima Rice Exchange, the world's first futures exchange, established in Osaka in 1697.|right|thumb|Dōjima Rice Exchange, musayar gaba ta farko a duniya, wanda aka kafa a [[Osaka]] a cikin 1697]] Kuɗin adadi—wanda kuma ake kira "kuɗin lissafi"—ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan kuɗi inda ake buƙatar samfurin lissafi mai zurfi, <ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{Cite web |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-24 |publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kuma don haka ya yi karo da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama. # Kuɗin adadi sau da yawa yana kama da injiniyan kuɗi . Wannan fanni gabaɗaya yana ƙarfafa kasuwancin da abokin ciniki ke jagoranta na banki - yana isar da kwangilolin OTC na musamman da "masu ban mamaki", da kuma tsara samfuran da mafita daban-daban da aka ambata - kuma ya ƙunshi ƙira da shirye-shirye don tallafawa ciniki na farko, da kuma shinge da gudanarwa na gaba. # Kuɗin adadi kuma ya yi daidai da tsarin kula da haɗarin kuɗi a banki, kamar yadda aka ambata, duka dangane da wannan shingen, da kuma game da jarin tattalin arziki da kuma bin ƙa'idodi da Basel III . # "Quants" kuma suna da alhakin ginawa da kuma amfani da dabarun saka hannun jari a asusun adadi da aka ambata ; suna kuma shiga cikin saka hannun jari na adadi gabaɗaya, a fannoni kamar ƙirƙirar dabarun ciniki, da kuma ciniki ta atomatik, ciniki mai yawan gaske, ciniki na algorithmic, da ciniki na shirye-shirye . == Ka'idar kuɗi == {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math> \sum_{t=1}^n \frac{FCFF_t}{(1+WACC_{t})^t} + \frac{\left[\frac{FCFF_{n+1}}{(WACC_{n+1}-g_{n+1})}\right]}{(1+WACC_{n})^n} </math>}} {{Small|[[Valuation using discounted cash flows#Basic formula for firm valuation using DCF model|DCF valuation formula]] widely applied in business and finance, since articulated [[The Theory of Investment Value|in 1938]]. Here, to get the [[business valuation|value of the firm]], its forecasted [[free cash flow]]s are discounted to the present using the [[weighted average cost of capital]] for the discount factor. For [[stock valuation|share valuation]] investors use the related [[dividend discount model]].}} |} Kuɗi - kamar yadda aka bayyana - yana bincika yadda ake gudanar da kuɗi da amfani da hanyoyin samun kuɗi, gami da shawarwarin da ke auna lokaci da haɗarin kwararar kuɗi da ake sa ran samu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1.1 What Is Finance? |url=https://openstax.org/books/principles-finance/pages/1-1-what-is-finance |access-date=3 September 2026 |website=Principles of Finance |publisher=OpenStax}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri takamaiman ka'ida a nan don fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikace a cikin fannoni na gudanarwa, lissafin kuɗi, [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (kuɗi) da [[lissafi mai amfani]] . === Kuɗin gudanarwa === Kuɗin gudanarwa reshe ne na kuɗi wanda ke hulɗa da ɓangarorin kuɗi na gudanar da kamfani, da kuma fannin kuɗi na yanke shawara kan gudanarwa a faɗin faɗin. Yana bayar da tushen ka'idar aikin da aka bayyana a sama, dangane da kansa game da amfani da dabarun kuɗi daban-daban na gudanarwa . Malaman da ke aiki a wannan fanni galibi suna aiki ne a sassan kuɗaɗen makarantun kasuwanci, a fannin lissafi, ko kuma a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa . Kayan aikin da aka tattauna kuma aka haɓaka suna da alaƙa da [[Management accouting|lissafin kuɗi na gudanarwa]] da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni : na farko yana ba da damar gudanarwa ta fahimta, don haka ta yi aiki a kan bayanan kuɗi da suka shafi riba da aiki; na biyun, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana game da inganta tsarin kuɗi gabaɗaya, gami da tasirinsa ga babban jari. Saboda haka, muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin kula da harkokin kuɗi sun haɗa da: * Kasafin kuɗi na babban jari * Tsarin babban birnin * Gudanar da jarin aiki * Gudanar da haɗari * Binciken kuɗi da rahotanni === Tattalin arzikin kuɗi === [[File:Markowitz_frontier.jpg|right|thumb| [[Harry Markowitz]] ne ya fara tsara " iyaka mai inganci ", a shekarar 1952 a matsayin wani tsari na samfuri a cikin ka'idar fayil ta zamani . A cikin samfurin Markowitz, fayil mai "ingantacce" yana da mafi kyawun riba mai yiwuwa don matakin haɗarinsa (wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar daidaitaccen karkacewar riba).]] [[File:MM2.png|right|thumb| Ka'idar Modigliani-Miller, wani muhimmin sashi na ka'idar kuɗi, an gabatar da ita a shekarar 1958; ita ce tushen tunanin zamani kan tsarin jari-hujja . Ko da leverage ( D/E ) ya ƙaru, matsakaicin farashin jari (k0) mai nauyi ya kasance iri ɗaya.]] Tattalin arzikin kuɗi reshe ne na [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] wanda ke nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu canjin kuɗi, kamar farashi, ƙimar riba da hannun jari, sabanin ainihin masu canjin tattalin arziki, watau kayayyaki da ayyuka . Don haka ya ta'allaka ne akan farashi, yanke shawara, da kuma kula da haɗari a kasuwannin kuɗi, <ref name="Sharpe" /> kuma yana samar da yawancin samfuran kuɗi da ake amfani da su akai-akai. ( Tsarin tattalin arziki na kuɗi reshe ne na tattalin arziki wanda ke amfani da dabarun tattalin arziki don [[Parametrization (geometry)|daidaita]] alaƙar da aka ba da shawara.) Wannan fanni yana da manyan fannoni guda biyu da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu: farashin kadarori da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni; na farko shine hangen nesa na masu samar da jari, wato masu zuba jari, da kuma na biyu na masu amfani da jari; bi da bi: # Ka'idar farashin kadarori ta haɓaka samfuran da ake amfani da su wajen tantance ƙimar rangwame mai dacewa da haɗari, da kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka samo daga farashi; kuma ya haɗa da ka'idar fayil da saka hannun jari da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da kadarori. Binciken ya bincika yadda masu zuba jari masu hankali za su yi amfani da haɗari su koma ga matsalar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin rashin tabbas, ta hanyar samar da mabuɗin " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori ". A nan, zato biyu na hankali da ingancin kasuwa suna haifar da ka'idar fayil ta zamani ( CAPM ), da kuma ka'idar Black-Scholes don kimanta zaɓi . A matakai mafi ci gaba—kuma sau da yawa a matsayin martani ga [[Tattalin arzikin duniya|matsalolin kuɗi]] —binciken yana faɗaɗa waɗannan samfuran "neoclassical" don haɗa abubuwan da suka faru inda zato ba su da tushe, ko kuma zuwa ga mafi yawan yanayi. # Sabanin haka, yawancin ka'idar kuɗi ta kamfanoni suna ɗaukar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin " tabbaci " ( ka'idar rabuwar Fisher, [[John Burr Williams|"ka'idar ƙimar saka hannun jari"]], da ka'idar Modigliani-Miller ). A nan, an ƙirƙiri ka'ida da hanyoyi don yanke shawara game da kuɗaɗen tallafi, rabon riba, da tsarin jari da aka tattauna a sama. Wani ci gaba da aka samu kwanan nan shi ne a haɗa rashin tabbas da abubuwan da za su iya faruwa - don haka abubuwa daban-daban na farashin kadarori - a cikin waɗannan shawarwarin, ta amfani da misali nazarin zaɓuɓɓuka na gaske . === Lissafi na kuɗi === {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math>\begin{align} C(S, t) &= N(d_1)S - N(d_2) Ke^{-r(T - t)} \\ d_1 &= \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{T - t}}\left[\ln\left(\frac{S}{K}\right) + \left(r + \frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)(T - t)\right] \\ d_2 &= d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{T - t} \\ \end{align}</math> [[Black–Scholes model#Black–Scholes formula|The Black–Scholes formula]] for the value of a [[call option]]. Although lately its use is [[Financial economics#Departures from normality|considered naive]], it has underpinned the development of derivatives-theory, and financial mathematics more generally, since its introduction in 1973.<ref>[https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ "The History of the Black-Scholes Formula"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126125626/https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ |date=2021-11-26 }}, priceonomics.com</ref>}} |} [[File:OAS_valuation_tree_(es).png|thumb| Ana amfani da "bishiyoyi" sosai a fannin lissafin kuɗi; a nan ana amfani da shi wajen ƙididdige OAS . Sauran hanyoyin farashi da aka saba amfani da su sune kwaikwayon da PDEs . Ana amfani da waɗannan don saitunan da suka wuce waɗanda Black-Scholes ya tsara . Bayan rikicin, ko da a cikin waɗannan saitunan, bankuna suna amfani da samfuran canjin yanayi na gida da na stochastic don haɗa saman canjin yanayi, yayin da gyare-gyaren xVA suka dace da la'akari da takwarorinsu da jari.]] Lissafin kuɗi fanni ne na [[lissafi mai amfani]] da ya shafi kasuwannin kuɗi ; takardar digirin digirgir ta Louis Bachelier, wacce aka kare a shekarar 1900, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin aikin ilimi na farko a wannan fanni. An fi mai da hankali kan tsarin kayan da aka samo asali - tare da mai da hankali sosai kan ƙimar riba - da kuma ƙirar haɗarin bashi - yayin da wasu muhimman fannoni suka haɗa da lissafin inshora da kuma kula da fayil ɗin adadi . Hakazalika, ana amfani da dabarun da aka ƙirƙiro don farashi da kuma kariyar nau'ikan kadarori daban-daban, na gwamnati, da na kamfanoni . Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, dangane da aiki, ana kiran fannin da kuɗi mai yawa da/ko kuɗin lissafi, kuma ya ƙunshi fannoni uku da aka tattauna. Manyan kayan aikin lissafi da dabarun su ne, daidai da haka: * don abubuwan da aka samo asali, Lissafin stochastic na Itô, kwaikwayo, da daidaitattun bambance-bambance na ɓangare ; duba tattaunawar da aka haɗa a cikin akwati game da samfurin Black-Scholes na samfurin da dabarun lambobi daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su yanzu * don gudanar da haɗari, ƙimar haɗari, gwajin damuwa da nazarin "masu hankali" (ta amfani da "Girkawa"); ilimin lissafi na asali ya ƙunshi samfuran gauraye, PCA, tarin canjin yanayi da copulas . <ref>See for example III.A.3, in Carol Alexander, ed. (2005). ''The Professional Risk Managers' Handbook''. PRMIA Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-9766097-0-4}}</ref> * a cikin waɗannan fannoni biyu, musamman ga matsalolin fayil, quants suna amfani da dabarun ingantawa masu inganci. A lissafi, waɗannan sun rabu zuwa rassan nazari guda biyu : farashin da aka samo asali yana amfani da yiwuwar rashin haɗari (ko yiwuwar farashin sulhu ), wanda aka nuna ta "Q"; yayin da haɗarin da gudanar da fayil gabaɗaya suna amfani da yiwuwar zahiri (ko ta zahiri ko ta actuarial), wanda aka nuna ta "P". Waɗannan suna da alaƙa ta hanyar " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori " da ke sama. Batun yana da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin kuɗi, wanda, kamar yadda aka bayyana, ya mayar da hankali kan yawancin ka'idar da ke cikin lissafin kuɗi: gabaɗaya, lissafin kuɗi zai samo kuma ya faɗaɗa samfuran lissafi da aka ba da shawara. Kuɗin kwamfuta reshe ne na kimiyyar kwamfuta (wanda aka yi amfani da shi) wanda ke magance matsalolin da suka shafi sha'awa a fannin kuɗi, kuma musamman yana jaddada hanyoyin lambobi da aka yi amfani da su a nan. === Kuɗin gwaji === Kuɗin gwaji yana da nufin kafa yanayi daban-daban na kasuwa da muhalli don lura da gwaji da kuma samar da wata hanya ta kimiyya ta yadda za ta iya nazarin halayen wakilai da kuma halayen da suka haifar da kwararar ciniki, yaɗuwar bayanai, da tarawa, hanyoyin saita farashi, da kuma hanyoyin dawo da kaya. Masu bincike a fannin gwajin kuɗi suna nazarin yadda ka'idojin tattalin arzikin kuɗi na yanzu ke yin hasashen gaskiya kuma suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da su. Suna kuma da nufin gano sabbin ƙa'idodi don faɗaɗa waɗannan ka'idoji don yanke shawara kan harkokin kuɗi na gaba. Wannan bincike sau da yawa ya ƙunshi gudanar da kwaikwayon ciniki ko lura da ɗabi'un ɗan adam a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, gasa, da kuma kamar kasuwa. Nazarin harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a yana nuna yadda ''[[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar]]'' masu zuba jari ko manajoji ke shafar yanke shawara da kasuwanni na kuɗi kuma yana da mahimmanci wajen yanke shawara wanda zai iya yin tasiri ko dai a kan wani ɓangare na fannoninsu mara kyau ko kuma mai kyau. Tare da ƙarin zurfafa bincike kan harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a, yana yiwuwa a haɗa abin da ke faruwa a kasuwannin kuɗi da bincike bisa ga ka'idar kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zahera |first=Syed Aliya |last2=Bansal |first2=Rohit |date=2018-05-08 |title=Do investors exhibit behavioral biases in investment decision making? A systematic review |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Qualitative Research in Financial Markets |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=210–251 |doi=10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028 |issn=1755-4179 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408144635/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |archive-date=2022-04-08 |access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> Kuɗin ɗabi'a ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata don zama muhimmin ɓangare na kuɗi. A zamanin yau akwai buƙatar ƙarin nazari da kuma gwada tasirin ji a kan shawarwarin kuɗi. Musamman ma, domin yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a wuce kuɗin halayya zuwa kuɗin zamantakewa, wanda ke nazarin tsarin hulɗar zamantakewa, yadda ra'ayoyin kuɗi ke yaɗuwa, da kuma yadda hanyoyin zamantakewa ke shafar yanke shawara da sakamako na kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hirshleifer |first=David |date=2015 |title=Behavioral Finance |journal=Annual Review of Financial Economics |language=en |volume=7 |pages=133–159 |doi=10.1146/annurev-financial-092214-043752 |issn=1941-1367 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Harkokin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da waɗannan batutuwa kamar: # Nazarin tarihi wanda ke nuna manyan karkacewa daga ka'idojin gargajiya; # Samfura na yadda ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ke shafar ciniki da farashi da kuma yadda yake shafar ciniki; # Hasashen bisa ga waɗannan hanyoyin; # Nazarin kasuwannin kadarori na gwaji da kuma amfani da samfura don hasashen gwaje-gwaje. An yi wa wani ɓangare na kuɗin ɗabi'a lakabi da kuɗin ɗabi'a na adadi, wanda ke amfani da hanyoyin lissafi da na ƙididdiga don fahimtar son zuciya na ɗabi'a tare da kimantawa. === Kuɗin kuɗi na Quantum === Kudin kuɗi ya haɗa da yin amfani da hanyoyin inji na inji ga ka'idar kuɗi, samar da sababbin hanyoyin da ra'ayoyi a fagen.<ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{cite web |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-24|url-status=dead |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics|publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kudi kudi wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa, inda ake amfani da ka'idoji da hanyoyin da masana kimiyyar lissafi da masana tattalin arziki suka bunkasa don magance matsalolin kudi. Yana wakiltar reshe da aka sani da econophysics . Kodayake hanyoyin lissafi masu yawa sun kasance a kusa da wasu lokuta kuma suna amfani da ka'idodin kimiyyar lissafi don fahimtar hanyoyin aiwatarwa da sarrafa kwararar kuɗi, lissafi ne da ke da mahimmanci a cikin wannan sabon yanayin. Ka'idar kudi ta dogara ne akan farashin kayan aiki na kudi, kamar farashin zaɓi na hannun jari. Yawancin matsalolin da ke fuskantar al'ummar kudi ba su da wani bayani na bincike. A sakamakon haka, hanyoyin lambobi da simulations na kwamfuta don warware waɗannan matsalolin sun karu. Wannan yanki na bincike an san shi da kudi na lissafi. Yawancin matsalolin kudi na lissafi suna da babban matsayi na rikitarwa na lissafi kuma suna da jinkiri don haɗuwa da mafita a kan kwamfutoci na gargajiya. Musamman, idan ya zo ga farashin zaɓi, akwai ƙarin rikitarwa sakamakon buƙatar amsawa ga kasuwannin da ke canzawa da sauri. Misali, don amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan hannun jari marasa daidaituwa, lissafin dole ne ya kammala kafin canji na gaba a cikin kusan ci gaba da canza kasuwar hannun jari. A sakamakon haka, al'ummar kudi koyaushe suna neman hanyoyin da za su shawo kan matsalolin aikin da ke tasowa yayin zaɓuɓɓukan farashi. Wannan ya haifar da bincike wanda ke amfani da wasu hanyoyin lissafi don kudi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kudi da aka fi amfani da su sune tsarin ci gaba mai yawa, tsarin binomial mai yawa, samfurin binomial da sauransu. Asalin kuɗi za a iya gano shi tun daga farkon kafa jihohi da cinikayya a [[zamanin Tagulla]] . An gano cewa an gano farkon shaidar kuɗi a tarihi a kusan shekara ta 3000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Bankuna sun samo asali ne daga [[Yammacin Asiya]], inda ake amfani da haikali da manyan fada a matsayin wurare masu aminci don adana kayayyaki masu daraja. Da farko, hatsi ne kawai mai daraja da za a iya ajiyewa, amma daga ƙarshe shanu da kayan tarihi sun shiga ciki. A wannan lokacin, birnin Uruk na Sumerian a [[Mesopotamia]] ya tallafa wa ciniki ta hanyar ba da rance da kuma amfani da riba. A cikin Sumerian, "sha'awa" shine ''mas'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "maraƙi". A [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] da [[Misra|Masar]], kalmomin da ake amfani da su don sha'awa, ''tokos'' da ''ms'' bi da bi, suna nufin "haihuwa". A cikin waɗannan al'adu, sha'awa ta nuna ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci, kuma da alama tana la'akari da hakan daga mahangar mai ba da bashi. Dokar Hammurabi (1792–1750 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa) ta ƙunshi dokokin da ke kula da harkokin banki. Mutanen Babila sun saba da karɓar riba a kashi 20 cikin ɗari a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1200 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), an yi amfani da harsashin cowrie a matsayin nau'in kuɗi a [[Sin|ƙasar Sin]] . Amfani da tsabar kudi a matsayin hanyar wakiltar kudi ya fara ne a cikin shekaru tsakanin 700 da 500 KZ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=babylon-coins.com |url=http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615134016/http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |archive-date=2021-06-15 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=babylon-coins.com}}</ref> Herodotus ya ambaci amfani da tsabar kudi a Lydia a kusa da 687 KZ kuma, a shekara ta 640 KZ, mutanen Lidiya sun fara amfani da tsalar kudi a ko'ina kuma sun bude shagunan sayar da kayayyaki na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Herodotus on Lydia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513152131/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |archive-date=2021-05-13 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, birane a Girka ta gargajiya, kamar Aegina, [[Athens]], da Koranti, sun fara yin nasu tsabar kudi tsakanin 595 da 570 KZ. A lokacin Jamhuriyar Roma, sake fasalin Lex Genucia ya haramta sha'awa a cikin 342 KZ, kodayake tanadin ya tafi ba tare da tilasta shi ba. A karkashin [[Julius Caesar|Julius Kaisar]], an saita rufin a kan kudaden shiga na 12%, kuma daga baya a ƙarƙashin Justinian an saukar da shi har ma zuwa tsakanin 4% da 8% .<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2005 |title=History of Usury Prohibition – IslamiCity |url=https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409014040/https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |archive-date=2023-04-09 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=islamicity.org}}</ref> An buɗe musayar hannun jari ta farko a [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] a cikin 1531.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handelsbeurs |trans-title=Trade fair |url=https://visit.antwerpen.be/info/handelsbeurs |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Visit Antwerp |language=nl |quote=The 'Nieuwe Beurs' was built in 1531 because the 'Old Beurs' in Hofstraat had become too small. It was the first stock exchange ever built specifically for that purpose and later became the example for all stock exchange buildings in the world.}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kirkiro shahararrun musayar kamar London Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1773) da New York Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1793).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902213413/https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=London Stock Exchange}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Guides: Wall Street and the Stock Exchanges: Historical Resources: Stock Exchanges |url=https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804230415/https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Rikicin kudi na 2008 * Bayani game da kudi {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite book|last2=Jason Zweig}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=John C. Bogle}} *   * {{Cite book|last2=Sharon Lechter}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=George Soros}} * {{Cite book|last3=Philip Arthur Fisher}} == Haɗin waje == * Magana ta Hypertextual Finance (Campbell Harvey) * Bayanan Kudi (Pierre Vernimmen) * [[Risk (magazine)|Risk.net]]/glossary" id="mwBf8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin kula da haɗarin kuɗi (Risk.net) * [[NASDAQ]].com/glossary" id="mwBgI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (NASDAQ) * Kalmomin Maɓallin Kasuwanci (PIMCO) * [http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ Kudin kamfanoni] (Aswath Damodaran) * albarkatun gudanar da kudi (James Van Horne) * Abubuwan da ke tattare da kudade na mutum (Financial Literacy and Education Commission, mymoney.gov) * albarkatun kudi na jama'a (Governance and Social Development Resource Center, gsdrc.org) [An adana 2023-06-02 a ] * albarkatun kula da haɗari (Cibiyar Hadari ta Duniya) [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ph8rw9sx38vu1sbnmukzzn2lf6o3q0h 967091 967090 2026-10-13T10:13:27Z Zaujeel khair 49197 967091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Kuɗi|kudi]]''' yana nufin gudanarwa, motsi, saka hannun jari, da tara [[kuɗi]]. "[[Finance]]" kuma yana nufin horo na ilimi wanda ke nazarin waɗannan. Dangane da girman ayyukan kudi, ana iya raba horo zuwa manyan rassa guda uku na mutum, kamfanoni, da na jama'a.{{Efn|The following are definitions of 'finance' offered by the authors indicated: * [https://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/eugene.fama/research/Theory%20of%20Finance/The%20Theory%20of%20Finance%20Preface%20and%20Table%20of%20Contents.pdf Fama and Miller]: "The theory of finance is concerned with how individuals and firms allocate resources through time. In particular, it seeks to explain how solutions to the problems faced in allocating resources through time are facilitated by the existence of capital markets (which provide a means for individual economic agents to exchange resources to be available of different points In time) and of firms (which, by their production-investment decisions, provide a means for individuals to transform current resources physically into resources to be available in the future)." * [https://afajof.org/wp-content/uploads/files/historical-texts/guthmann-dougall-1940-ocr.pdf Guthmann and Dougall]: "Finance is concerned with the raising and administering of funds and with the relationships between private profit-seeking enterprise on the one hand and the groups which supply the funds on the other. These groups, which include investors and speculators – that is, capitalists or property owners – as well as those who advance short-term capital, place their money in the field of commerce and industry and in return expect a stream of income." * [https://www.wiley.com/en-in/Finance:+Capital+Markets,+Financial+Management,+and+Investment+Management-p-9780470407356 Drake and Fabozzi]: "Finance is the application of economic principles to decision-making that involves the allocation of money under conditions of uncertainty." * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL1637242A/Frank_Walter_Paish F.W. Paish]: "Finance may be defined as the position of money at the time it is wanted". * [https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL835181A/John_J._Hampton John J. Hampton]: "The term finance can be defined as the management of the flows of money through an organisation, whether it will be a corporation, school, or bank or government agency". * [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/976723372 Howard and Upton]: "Finance may be defined as that administrative area or set of administrative functions in an organisation which relates with the arrangement of each debt and credit so that the organisation may have the means to carry out the objectives as satisfactorily as possible". * [https://education.wbstraining.com/pluginfile.php/2808/mod_resource/content/1/PabloFernandez_Finance%20and%20Financial%20Economics.pdf Pablo Fernandez]: "Finance is a profession that requires interdisciplinary training and helps company managers make sound decisions regarding financing, investment, continuity, and other issues that affect the inflow and outflow of money, as well as the company's risk. It also helps individuals and institutions invest wisely and plan money-related matters effectively."}} A cikin "tsarin Kudin", ana sayen kadarori, siyarwa, ko siyarwa azaman kayan aiki na kudi, kamar kudade, rance, takardun [[shaida]], hannun jari, zaɓuɓɓuka, makomar gaba, swaps, da dai sauransu. Hakanan ana iya [[banki]], saka hannun jari, da inshora don kara darajar da rage asarar. A aikace, haɗari koyaushe suna cikin kowane mataki na kuɗi da ƙungiyoyi. Kasuwancin kuɗi da cibiyoyin suna tallafawa tsarin. Saboda fa'idarsa, akwai fannoni daban-daban na kuɗi a cikin harkar kuɗi. Gudanar da kadarori, kuɗi, haɗari da saka hannun jari yana nufin haɓaka ƙima da rage canjin yanayi . Binciken kuɗi yana tantance dorewa, kwanciyar hankali, da kuma ribar wani aiki ko ƙungiya. Wasu fannoni suna da fannoni daban-daban, kamar fannin kuɗi na lissafi, dokar kuɗi, tattalin arziki na kuɗi, injiniyan kuɗi da fasahar kuɗi . A wasu lokuta, ana iya gwada ka'idojin kuɗi ta amfani da hanyar kimiyya, wacce aka rufe ta da kuɗin gwaji . Tarihin farko na kudi ya yi daidai da tarihin farko na kudi, wanda shine [[Prehistory|prehistoric]]. Al'adun gargajiya da na zamani sun haɗa da ayyuka na asali na kudi, kamar [[banki]], kasuwanci da lissafi, a cikin tattalin arzikin su. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an kafa Tsarin kudi na [[duniya]]. A matsayin batun karatu, kudi yana da alaƙa da fannonin [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (bincike na [[Samar|samarwa]], rarraba, da amfani da kayayyaki da ayyuka) da kuma Gudanar da kasuwanci (gwamnatin albarkatun kungiyar don cimma burinta). An kafa shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a cikin kudi a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gippel |first=Jennifer K |date=2012-11-07 |title=A revolution in finance? |journal=[[Australian Journal of Management]] |language=en |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=125–146 |doi=10.1177/0312896212461034 |issn=0312-8962 |s2cid=154759424 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A yau, ana nazarin kudi sosai ta hanyar shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu. == Tsarin kudi == [[File:1925.B&O.Railroad.Stock.Louis.Brandeis.jpg|right|thumb|Bond da aka bayar ta hanyar Baltimore da Ohio Railroad. Bonds wani nau'i ne na aro da kamfanoni ke amfani da shi don tallafawa ayyukansu.]] [[File:Radium_Hill_share_certificate.jpg|right|thumb|Takardar shaidar raba ta shekara ta 1913 da Kamfanin Radium Hill ya bayar]] [[File:NY_stock_exchange_traders_floor_LC-U9-10548-6.jpg|right|thumb|Kasuwancin musayar hannun jari na NYSE a cikin 1963, kafin gabatar da karatun lantarki da allo na kwamfuta]] [[File:Chicago_bot.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Masara na Chicago, 1993]] [[File:A1_Houston_Office_Oil_Traders_on_Monday.jpg|right|thumb|'Yan kasuwar mai, Houston, 2009]] Kamar yadda aka tsara, tsarin kudi ya ƙunshi kwararar babban birnin da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane da gidaje (kudin kuɗi na mutum), [[gwamnatoci]] (Kudin jama'a), da kasuwanci (Kudin kamfanoni). "Finance" don haka yana nazarin tsarin tura kudi daga masu ajiya da masu saka hannun jari zuwa ga ƙungiyoyin da ke buƙatar shi.{{Efn|Finance thus allows production and consumption in society to operate independently from each other. Without the use of financial allocation, production would have to happen at the same time and space as consumption. Through finance, distances in timespace between production and consumption are then possible.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Michael |last2=Price |first2=John |title=Monetized time-space: derivatives – money's 'new imaginary'? |journal=Economy and Society |date=2000 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=264–284 |doi=10.1080/030851400360497 |s2cid=145739812 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |access-date=3 June 2022 |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320050529/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/030851400360497 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>}} Masu adanawa da masu saka hannun jari suna da kuɗin da za su iya samun riba ko rabon kuɗi idan aka yi amfani da su. Kowane mutum, [[kamfanoni]], da gwamnatoci dole ne su sami [[kuɗi]] daga tushen waje, kamar rance ko bashi, lokacin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi don gudanar da ayyukansu. Gabaɗaya, wani bangare wanda kuɗin shiga ya wuce kuɗin da ya kashe na iya ba da rance ko saka hannun jari tare da manufar samun dawowar adalci. Hakazalika, wani bangare inda samun kudin shiga bai kai kasa da kashewa ba zai iya tara kudade yawanci a cikin daya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu: (i) ta hanyar aro a cikin nau'in rance (mutane masu zaman kansu), ko ta hanyar sayar da takardun gwamnati ko kamfanoni; (ii) ta hanyar kamfani da ke sayar da daidaito, wanda ake kira hannun jari ko hannun jari (wanda zai iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban: hannun jari na kowa). Masu mallakar duka takardun shaida da hannun jari na iya zama masu saka hannun jari - cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar bankunan saka hannun jari da asusun fansho - ko mutane masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ake kira Masu saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu ko masu saka hannun hannun jari. (Dubi mahalarta kasuwar kudi.) Sau da yawa ba kai tsaye ba ne, ta hanyar matsakaiciyar kudi kamar [[banki]], ko ta hanyar sayen bayanan rubutu ko jingina (gidan ajiyar kamfanoni, jingina na gwamnati, ko jingina na juna) a cikin kasuwar jingina. Mai ba da rance yana karɓar riba, mai ba da ranta yana biyan riba mafi girma fiye da mai ba da rancen da ke karɓa, kuma matsakancin kuɗi yana samun bambanci don shirya rancen.<ref>See e.g., {{Cite web |last=Bank of Finland |author-link=Bank of Finland |title=Financial system |url=https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200602105013/https://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/financial-stability/the-financial-system-in-brief/ |archive-date=2020-06-02 |access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the financial system? |url=https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731162128/https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-money/banking-and-finance/what-is-the-financial-system/ |archive-date=2020-07-31 |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=Economy}}</ref> Bankin yana tara ayyukan masu ba da bashi da masu ba da rance da yawa. Bankuna suna karɓar ajiya daga mutane da kamfanoni, suna biyan riba a kan waɗannan kudade. Bankin ya ba da rancen waɗannan ajiya ga masu ba da bashi, yana sauƙaƙa ma'amaloli tsakanin masu ba da rance da masu ba da rance iri-iri da kuma ba da damar daidaitaccen tsarin kuɗi. Zuba jari yawanci yana haifar da sayen hannun jari, ko dai takardun shaida ko ta hanyar asusun hadin gwiwa, misali. Kamfanoni galibi suna sayar da hannun jari ga masu saka hannun jari don tara kudaden da ake buƙata a cikin hanyar "daidaitaccen kuɗi", kamar yadda ya bambanta da bashin da aka bayyana a sama. Tsakanin kudi a nan sune Bankunan saka hannun jari na farko kuma suna sauƙaƙa jerin kadarorin, yawanci hannun jari da jingina), musayar kadarorin (wanda ke ba da damar cinikin su daga baya), da masu ba da sabis na saka hannun jari daban-daban (ciki har da kudade na juna, kudaden fansho, Manajojin dukiya, da masu ba su hannun jari, yawanci suna ba da sabis ga masu saka hannun jari). Kasuwanci da saka hannun jari tsakanin hukumomi, da kuma Gudanar da kudade a wannan sikelin, ana kiransu "babban kudi". Cibiyoyin a nan suna fadada samfuran da aka bayar, tare da kasuwanci mai alaƙa, don haɗawa da zaɓuɓɓuka, swaps, da samfuran da suka tsara, da kuma kudade na musamman; wannan "injini na kudi" asalin lissafi ne, kuma waɗannan cibiyoyin sune manyan masu ba da aiki na Masu sharhi masu yawa (ko "ƙididdiga", duba ƙasa). A cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin, Gudanar da haɗari, babban birnin sarrafawa, da bin doka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. == Yankunan kudi == Kamar yadda aka tsara, kudi ya ƙunshi fannoni uku: kudi na mutum, kudi na kamfanoni, da kuma kudi na jama'a. Wadannan, bi da bi, sun haɗu kuma suna amfani da ayyuka daban-daban da ƙananan horo - galibi saka hannun jari, gudanar da haɗari, da kuma kudi mai yawa. === Kudin mutum === [[File:Wealth_Management_Consultation.jpg|thumb|Tattaunawar kula da dukiya - a nan, mai ba da shawara kan kudi yana ba da shawara ga abokin ciniki kan dabarun saka hannun jari da ya dace.]] Kudin mutum yana nufin aikin kasafin kuɗi don tabbatar da isasshen kudade don biyan bukatun asali, yayin da yake tabbatar da cewa akwai matakin haɗari kawai don rasa wannan babban birnin. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan kuɗi don ilimi, ba da kuɗi ga kayayyaki masu dorewa kamar su ƙasa da motoci, sayen inshora, saka hannun jari, da adanawa don ritaya. Kudin mutum na iya haɗawa da biyan bashin ko wasu wajibai na bashi. Babban bangarorin kudi na mutum ana daukar su a matsayin samun kudin shiga, kashewa, adanawa, saka hannun jari, da kariya. Matakan da ke biyowa, kamar yadda Hukumar Shirye-shiryen Kudi ta tsara, sun nuna cewa mutum zai fahimci shirin kudi na sirri bayan: * Sayen inshora don tabbatar da kariya daga abubuwan da ba a tsammani ba; * Fahimtar tasirin manufofin haraji, tallafi, ko azabtarwa akan gudanar da kudaden mutum; * Fahimtar tasirin bashi a kan matsayin kudi na mutum; * Ci gaba da shirin tanadi ko kudade don manyan sayayya (moto, ilimi, gida); * Shirya makomar kudi mai aminci a cikin yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki; * Binciken asusun ajiya ko asusun ajiyar kuɗi; * Shirya don ritaya ko wasu kudade na dogon lokaci. === Kudin kamfanoni === Kudin kamfanoni yana hulɗa da ayyukan da manajoji ke ɗauka don haɓaka darajar kamfanin ga masu hannun jari, tushen kudade da Tsarin babban birnin kamfanoni, da kayan aiki da bincike da aka yi amfani da su don rarraba albarkatun kuɗi. Duk da yake kudaden kamfanoni sun bambanta da kudaden gudanarwa, wanda ke nazarin Gudanar da kudade na dukkan kamfanoni maimakon kamfanoni kadai, ra'ayoyin sun dace da matsalolin kudi na dukkan kamfanonin, kuma wannan yanki ana kiransa "kudin kasuwanci". Yawanci, "kudin kuɗi na kamfanoni" yana da alaƙa da burin dogon lokaci na haɓaka darajar kadarorin, hannun jari, da dawowarsa ga masu hannun jari, yayin da kuma daidaita haɗari da riba. Wannan ya ƙunshi manyan wurare uku: # Kasafin kuɗi na babban birnin: zaɓar waɗanne ayyukan da za a saka hannun jari a ciki - a nan, ƙayyade ƙimar daidai yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda hukunce-hukunce game da ƙimar dukiya na iya zama "yi ko karya". # Manufofin raba: amfani da kudade "ya wuce gona da iri - waɗannan za a sake saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwanci ko kuma a mayar da su ga masu hannun jari. # Tsarin babban birnin: yanke shawara kan cakuda kudade da za a yi amfani da su - a nan ƙoƙarin samun mafi kyawun haɗin babban birnin sake biyan bashin bashi vs farashin babban birnin. (Wannan ya kunshi fahimtar yadda kamfanin zai samar don gamsar da masu saka hannun jari, da kuma rage matsakaicin matsakaicin farashin babban birnin (WACC) ) don darajar kamfanin ta karu. ) Wannan na ƙarshe ya haifar da haɗin tare da banki na saka hannun jari da kasuwancin tsaro, kamar yadda yake a sama, a cikin cewa babban birnin da aka tara zai ƙunshi bashi, watau takardun kamfanoni, da daidaito, sau da yawa an jera hannun jari. Sake gudanar da haɗari a cikin kamfanoni, duba ƙasa. Manajojin kudi - watau kamar yadda suka bambanta da masu hada-hadar kudi na kamfanoni - suna mai da hankali kan abubuwan ''gajeren lokaci'' na riba, kwararar kuɗi, da "mana Gudanar da babban birnin aiki" (inventory, bashi da masu bashi), wanda ke damuwa game da ayyukan tallafin yau da kullun, kuma burin shine kiyaye ruwa, rage haɗari da haɓaka inganci tabbatar da cewa kamfanin zai iya aiwatar da manufofinsa na kudi da aiki; watau: (1) zai iya ba da biyan bashin gajeren lokaci da kuma biyan bashin aiki na dogon lokaci, da kuma biyan kuɗi na gaba yana da isasshen bashin aiki. (Dubi Gudanar da Kudi da FP&amp;amp;A.) === Kudin jama'a === [[File:2023-federal-budget-breakdown.png|thumb|322x322px|CBO: 2023 Kudin Tarayyar Amurka]] Kudin jama'a yana nufin gudanar da kudade da ke da alaƙa da jihohi masu zaman kansu, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na ƙasa, da hukumomin gwamnati ko ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa. Gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi hangen nesa na dogon lokaci game da yanke shawara na saka hannun jari wanda ke shafar ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Wadannan lokutan dabarun na dogon lokaci yawanci sun kunshi shekaru biyar ko fiye. Kudin jama'a ya fi damuwa da: * Bayyana kudaden da ake buƙata na ƙungiyar jama'a; * Tushen (s) na kudaden shiga na wannan mahallin - daga haraji, da kuma wadanda ba haraji ba; * Tsarin kasafin kuɗi; * Bayar da bashin mallaka, ko takardun birni don ayyukan Ayyukan jama'a. Bankunan tsakiya, irin su Bankunan Tarayya a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Babban Bankin Turai da Bankin Ingila a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], 'yan wasa ne masu karfi a cikin kudaden jama'a. Suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da rance na ƙarshe da kuma tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan yanayin kuɗi da bashi a cikin tattalin arziki. Kudin ci gaba, wanda ke da alaƙa, ya shafi saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan Ci gaban tattalin arziki da wata hukuma ta gwamnati (kusan) ta bayar ba tare da kasuwanci ba; waɗannan ayyukan ba za su iya samun kuɗi ba. Ana amfani da Haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu don ayyukan [[Infrastructure|ababen more rayuwa]]: kamfani mai zaman kansa yana ba da kuɗi a gaba, sannan ya jawo riba daga masu biyan haraji ko masu amfani. [[Kudin yanayi]], da kuma kudaden muhalli masu alaƙa, suna magance dabarun kudi, albarkatu da kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da su wajen [[Rage canjin yanayi]]. === Gudanar da saka hannun jari === [[File:Stock_Price_Listing_Numbers_on_a_Korean_Newspaper.jpg|thumb|Farashin hannun jari da aka jera a cikin jaridar Koriya]] [[Fayil:Stock_ticker.jpg|thumb|"Farin ciki kafin fashewar kumfa" - farashin kallo ta hanyar tef, jim kadan kafin Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:E-ticker.jpg|thumb|Mai sayar da farashi na zamani. Wannan ababen more rayuwa yana tallafawa musayar zamani, yana tabbatar da farashi da alamomin tikiti masu alaƙa. Alamar ticker tana wakiltar saiti na musamman na haruffa da aka yi amfani da su don gano batun ma'amala ta kudi.]] Gudanar da saka hannun jari shine gudanar da kadarorin kwararru na "Tsaro" daban-daban - yawanci hannun jari da jingina, amma kuma wasu kadarori, kamar dukiya, kayayyaki da madadin saka hannun jari - don saduwa da takamaiman manufofin saka hannun jari don amfanin masu saka hannun jari. Kamar yadda yake a sama, masu saka hannun jari na iya zama cibiyoyi, kamar kamfanonin inshora, kudaden fansho, kamfanoni, kungiyoyin agaji, cibiyoyin ilimi, ko masu saka hannun jarin masu zaman kansu, ko dai kai tsaye ta hanyar kwangilar saka hannun jari ko, mafi yawanci, ta hanyar tsarin saka hannun jari kamar kudaden musayar, kudaden musanyawa, ko amincin saka hannun jari. A zuciyar gudanar da saka hannun jari shine rabon dukiya - rarraba bayyanar tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan dukiya, da kuma tsakanin tsaron mutum a cikin kowane nau'in dukiya - kamar yadda ya dace da Manufofin saka hannun jari na abokin ciniki, bi da bi, aikin bayanin haɗari, burin saka hannun jari, da kuma sararin saka hannun jari (duba Bayanan mai saka hannun jari). A nan: * Inganta fayil shine tsari na zabar fayil mafi kyau da aka ba da manufofi da ƙuntatawa na abokin ciniki. * Binciken asali shine tsarin da ake amfani da shi wajen kimantawa da kimantawa ga takardun mutum. * Binciken fasaha shine game da hasashen farashin kadarori na gaba tare da bayanan da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Han |first=Yufeng |last2=Liu |first2=Yang |last3=Zhou |first3=Guofu |last4=Zhu |first4=Yingzi |date=2021-05-21 |title=Technical Analysis in the Stock Market: A Review |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3850494 |location=[[Rochester, New York]] |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3850494 |s2cid=235195430 |ssrn=3850494 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Overlaid shine salon saka hannun jari na manajan fayil - gabaɗaya, mai aiki vs. mai wucewa, darajar vs girma, da ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa vs. babban ƙwanƙusa - da dabarun saka hannun jari. A cikin fayil ɗin da aka samu da kyau, aikin saka hannun jari zai kasance, gabaɗaya, ya zama aikin haɗin kadarorin da aka zaɓa, yayin da ɗayan tsaro ba su da tasiri. Takamaiman tsarin ko falsafar zai kasance mai mahimmanci, dangane da yadda ya dace da sake zagayowar kasuwa. Baya ga wannan bambancin, mahimmin haɗarin da aka yi amfani da shi, manajojin saka hannun jari za su yi amfani da dabarun karewa daban-daban kamar yadda ya dace; waɗannan na iya danganta da fayil ɗin gaba ɗaya ko kuma ga ɗakunan mutum. Sau da yawa (maimakon haka) ana sarrafa fayilolin Bond ta hanyar daidaitawa ko rigakafi, yayin da don fayilolin da matsayi, 'yan kasuwa suna amfani da "Greeks" don auna sannan kuma rage ƙwarewa. A layi daya, manajoji - mai aiki da marasa aiki - za su sa ido kan kuskuren bin diddigin, don haka ragewa da kuma kawar da duk wani rashin aiki da "ma'auni" su. Ana sarrafa asusun adadi ta amfani da dabarun lissafi na kwamfuta (ƙaruwa, ilmantarwa na inji) maimakon hukuncin mutum. Gaskiyar ciniki yawanci ana sarrafa ta atomatik ta hanyar algorithms masu mahimmanci. === Gudanar da haɗari === [[File:Crowds_gathering_outside_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(4).jpg|thumb|Jama'a da suka taru a waje da Kasuwancin Kasuwancin New York bayan Hadarin Wall Street na 1929]] [[File:Northern_Rock_Queue.jpg|thumb|Abokan ciniki suna layi a waje da reshen Northern Rock a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] don janye ajiyar su a lokacin Rikicin kudi na 2008]] Gudanar da haɗari, gabaɗaya, shine nazarin yadda za a sarrafa haɗari da daidaita yiwuwar riba; shine tsarin auna haɗari sannan kuma haɓaka da aiwatar da dabarun sarrafa wannan haɗarin. Gudanar da Hadarin kudi shine aikin kare ƙimar kamfanoni daga haɗarin kuɗi, sau da yawa ta hanyar "haɓaka" ga waɗannan ta amfani da kayan kuɗi. Ana mai da hankali musamman kan haɗarin bashi da kasuwa, kuma a cikin bankunan, ta hanyar babban birnin, ya haɗa da haɗarin aiki. Gudanar da haɗarin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da kuɗin kamfanoni a hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, bayyanar kamfanoni ga haɗarin kasuwa shine sakamakon kai tsaye na saka hannun jari na baya da yanke shawara na kudade; yayin da haɗarin bashi ya fito ne daga manufofin bashi na kasuwanci kuma galibi ana magance shi ta hanyar inshora na bashi da samarwa. Abu na biyu, duka horo suna da burin ingantawa ko aƙalla adanawa, darajar tattalin arzikin kamfanin, kuma a cikin wannan mahallin sun haɗu da kuma gudanar da haɗarin kasuwanci, yawanci yankin Gudanar da dabarun. A nan, kamfanoni suna ba da lokaci da ƙoƙari sosai ga hasashen, nazari da saka idanu kan aikin. (Dubi [[Gudanar da dukiya da alhakin|ALM]] da kula da baitulmalin.) Ga bankunan da sauran cibiyoyin sayar da kayayyaki, gudanar da hadari yana mai da hankali kan gudanarwa, kuma kamar yadda ya kamata, matsayi daban-daban da ma'aikatar ke riƙewa - duka matsayi na kasuwanci da bayyanar dogon lokaci - da kuma lissafi da saka idanu kan sakamakon Babban birnin tattalin arziki, da kuma babban birnin sarrafawa a karkashin Basel III. Lissafi a nan suna da ƙwarewar lissafi, kuma a cikin yankin kudi mai yawa kamar yadda ke ƙasa. Hadarin bashi yana cikin kasuwancin banki, amma Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan cibiyoyin suna fuskantar hadarin bashi na abokin tarayya. Bankuna yawanci suna amfani da Ofishin Tsakiya "Risk Groups", yayin da "Ƙungiyoyin haɗari" na ofishin gaba ke ba da haɗari "hidimomi" (ko "magani") ga abokan ciniki. Masu inshora suna gudanar da haɗarin kansu tare da mai da hankali kan biyan kuɗi da ikon biyan da'awar: masu inshora na rayuwa sun fi damuwa da haɗarin rayuwa da haɗarin riba; masu inshora masu gajeren lokaci (inshora na dukiya, inshora na kiwon lafiya, inshora mai haɗari) suna jaddada ƙirar bala'i da haɗarin tashin hankali. Don da'awar da ake tsammani ana ajiye ajiya lokaci-lokaci, yayin da don shan asarar da ba a tsammani ba, ana kiyaye mafi ƙarancin matakin babban birnin. === Kuɗin adadi === [[File:Dojima-Rice-Exchange-Osaka-by-Yoshimitsu-Sasaki.png|alt=Dōjima Rice Exchange, the world's first futures exchange, established in Osaka in 1697.|right|thumb|Dōjima Rice Exchange, musayar gaba ta farko a duniya, wanda aka kafa a [[Osaka]] a cikin 1697]] Kuɗin adadi—wanda kuma ake kira "kuɗin lissafi"—ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan kuɗi inda ake buƙatar samfurin lissafi mai zurfi, <ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{Cite web |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-24 |publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kuma don haka ya yi karo da wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke sama. # Kuɗin adadi sau da yawa yana kama da injiniyan kuɗi . Wannan fanni gabaɗaya yana ƙarfafa kasuwancin da abokin ciniki ke jagoranta na banki - yana isar da kwangilolin OTC na musamman da "masu ban mamaki", da kuma tsara samfuran da mafita daban-daban da aka ambata - kuma ya ƙunshi ƙira da shirye-shirye don tallafawa ciniki na farko, da kuma shinge da gudanarwa na gaba. # Kuɗin adadi kuma ya yi daidai da tsarin kula da haɗarin kuɗi a banki, kamar yadda aka ambata, duka dangane da wannan shingen, da kuma game da jarin tattalin arziki da kuma bin ƙa'idodi da Basel III . # "Quants" kuma suna da alhakin ginawa da kuma amfani da dabarun saka hannun jari a asusun adadi da aka ambata ; suna kuma shiga cikin saka hannun jari na adadi gabaɗaya, a fannoni kamar ƙirƙirar dabarun ciniki, da kuma ciniki ta atomatik, ciniki mai yawan gaske, ciniki na algorithmic, da ciniki na shirye-shirye . == Ka'idar kuɗi == {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math> \sum_{t=1}^n \frac{FCFF_t}{(1+WACC_{t})^t} + \frac{\left[\frac{FCFF_{n+1}}{(WACC_{n+1}-g_{n+1})}\right]}{(1+WACC_{n})^n} </math>}} {{Small|[[Valuation using discounted cash flows#Basic formula for firm valuation using DCF model|DCF valuation formula]] widely applied in business and finance, since articulated [[The Theory of Investment Value|in 1938]]. Here, to get the [[business valuation|value of the firm]], its forecasted [[free cash flow]]s are discounted to the present using the [[weighted average cost of capital]] for the discount factor. For [[stock valuation|share valuation]] investors use the related [[dividend discount model]].}} |} Kuɗi - kamar yadda aka bayyana - yana bincika yadda ake gudanar da kuɗi da amfani da hanyoyin samun kuɗi, gami da shawarwarin da ke auna lokaci da haɗarin kwararar kuɗi da ake sa ran samu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1.1 What Is Finance? |url=https://openstax.org/books/principles-finance/pages/1-1-what-is-finance |access-date=3 September 2026 |website=Principles of Finance |publisher=OpenStax}}</ref> An ƙirƙiri takamaiman ka'ida a nan don fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikace a cikin fannoni na gudanarwa, lissafin kuɗi, [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] (kuɗi) da [[lissafi mai amfani]] . === Kuɗin gudanarwa === Kuɗin gudanarwa reshe ne na kuɗi wanda ke hulɗa da ɓangarorin kuɗi na gudanar da kamfani, da kuma fannin kuɗi na yanke shawara kan gudanarwa a faɗin faɗin. Yana bayar da tushen ka'idar aikin da aka bayyana a sama, dangane da kansa game da amfani da dabarun kuɗi daban-daban na gudanarwa . Malaman da ke aiki a wannan fanni galibi suna aiki ne a sassan kuɗaɗen makarantun kasuwanci, a fannin lissafi, ko kuma a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa . Kayan aikin da aka tattauna kuma aka haɓaka suna da alaƙa da [[Management accouting|lissafin kuɗi na gudanarwa]] da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni : na farko yana ba da damar gudanarwa ta fahimta, don haka ta yi aiki a kan bayanan kuɗi da suka shafi riba da aiki; na biyun, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana game da inganta tsarin kuɗi gabaɗaya, gami da tasirinsa ga babban jari. Saboda haka, muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin kula da harkokin kuɗi sun haɗa da: * Kasafin kuɗi na babban jari * Tsarin babban birnin * Gudanar da jarin aiki * Gudanar da haɗari * Binciken kuɗi da rahotanni === Tattalin arzikin kuɗi === [[File:Markowitz_frontier.jpg|right|thumb| [[Harry Markowitz]] ne ya fara tsara " iyaka mai inganci ", a shekarar 1952 a matsayin wani tsari na samfuri a cikin ka'idar fayil ta zamani . A cikin samfurin Markowitz, fayil mai "ingantacce" yana da mafi kyawun riba mai yiwuwa don matakin haɗarinsa (wanda aka wakilta ta hanyar daidaitaccen karkacewar riba).]] [[File:MM2.png|right|thumb| Ka'idar Modigliani-Miller, wani muhimmin sashi na ka'idar kuɗi, an gabatar da ita a shekarar 1958; ita ce tushen tunanin zamani kan tsarin jari-hujja . Ko da leverage ( D/E ) ya ƙaru, matsakaicin farashin jari (k0) mai nauyi ya kasance iri ɗaya.]] Tattalin arzikin kuɗi reshe ne na [[Ikonomi|tattalin arziki]] wanda ke nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin masu canjin kuɗi, kamar farashi, ƙimar riba da hannun jari, sabanin ainihin masu canjin tattalin arziki, watau kayayyaki da ayyuka . Don haka ya ta'allaka ne akan farashi, yanke shawara, da kuma kula da haɗari a kasuwannin kuɗi, <ref name="Sharpe" /> kuma yana samar da yawancin samfuran kuɗi da ake amfani da su akai-akai. ( Tsarin tattalin arziki na kuɗi reshe ne na tattalin arziki wanda ke amfani da dabarun tattalin arziki don [[Parametrization (geometry)|daidaita]] alaƙar da aka ba da shawara.) Wannan fanni yana da manyan fannoni guda biyu da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu: farashin kadarori da kuma kuɗaɗen kamfanoni; na farko shine hangen nesa na masu samar da jari, wato masu zuba jari, da kuma na biyu na masu amfani da jari; bi da bi: # Ka'idar farashin kadarori ta haɓaka samfuran da ake amfani da su wajen tantance ƙimar rangwame mai dacewa da haɗari, da kuma a cikin abubuwan da aka samo daga farashi; kuma ya haɗa da ka'idar fayil da saka hannun jari da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da kadarori. Binciken ya bincika yadda masu zuba jari masu hankali za su yi amfani da haɗari su koma ga matsalar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin rashin tabbas, ta hanyar samar da mabuɗin " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori ". A nan, zato biyu na hankali da ingancin kasuwa suna haifar da ka'idar fayil ta zamani ( CAPM ), da kuma ka'idar Black-Scholes don kimanta zaɓi . A matakai mafi ci gaba—kuma sau da yawa a matsayin martani ga [[Tattalin arzikin duniya|matsalolin kuɗi]] —binciken yana faɗaɗa waɗannan samfuran "neoclassical" don haɗa abubuwan da suka faru inda zato ba su da tushe, ko kuma zuwa ga mafi yawan yanayi. # Sabanin haka, yawancin ka'idar kuɗi ta kamfanoni suna ɗaukar saka hannun jari a ƙarƙashin " tabbaci " ( ka'idar rabuwar Fisher, [[John Burr Williams|"ka'idar ƙimar saka hannun jari"]], da ka'idar Modigliani-Miller ). A nan, an ƙirƙiri ka'ida da hanyoyi don yanke shawara game da kuɗaɗen tallafi, rabon riba, da tsarin jari da aka tattauna a sama. Wani ci gaba da aka samu kwanan nan shi ne a haɗa rashin tabbas da abubuwan da za su iya faruwa - don haka abubuwa daban-daban na farashin kadarori - a cikin waɗannan shawarwarin, ta amfani da misali nazarin zaɓuɓɓuka na gaske . === Lissafi na kuɗi === {| class="wikitable floatright" width="250" |- style="text-align:left;" |{{smalldiv|:<math>\begin{align} C(S, t) &= N(d_1)S - N(d_2) Ke^{-r(T - t)} \\ d_1 &= \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{T - t}}\left[\ln\left(\frac{S}{K}\right) + \left(r + \frac{\sigma^2}{2}\right)(T - t)\right] \\ d_2 &= d_1 - \sigma\sqrt{T - t} \\ \end{align}</math> [[Black–Scholes model#Black–Scholes formula|The Black–Scholes formula]] for the value of a [[call option]]. Although lately its use is [[Financial economics#Departures from normality|considered naive]], it has underpinned the development of derivatives-theory, and financial mathematics more generally, since its introduction in 1973.<ref>[https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ "The History of the Black-Scholes Formula"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126125626/https://priceonomics.com/the-history-of-the-black-scholes-formula/ |date=2021-11-26 }}, priceonomics.com</ref>}} |} [[File:OAS_valuation_tree_(es).png|thumb| Ana amfani da "bishiyoyi" sosai a fannin lissafin kuɗi; a nan ana amfani da shi wajen ƙididdige OAS . Sauran hanyoyin farashi da aka saba amfani da su sune kwaikwayon da PDEs . Ana amfani da waɗannan don saitunan da suka wuce waɗanda Black-Scholes ya tsara . Bayan rikicin, ko da a cikin waɗannan saitunan, bankuna suna amfani da samfuran canjin yanayi na gida da na stochastic don haɗa saman canjin yanayi, yayin da gyare-gyaren xVA suka dace da la'akari da takwarorinsu da jari.]] Lissafin kuɗi fanni ne na [[lissafi mai amfani]] da ya shafi kasuwannin kuɗi ; takardar digirin digirgir ta Louis Bachelier, wacce aka kare a shekarar 1900, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin aikin ilimi na farko a wannan fanni. An fi mai da hankali kan tsarin kayan da aka samo asali - tare da mai da hankali sosai kan ƙimar riba - da kuma ƙirar haɗarin bashi - yayin da wasu muhimman fannoni suka haɗa da lissafin inshora da kuma kula da fayil ɗin adadi . Hakazalika, ana amfani da dabarun da aka ƙirƙiro don farashi da kuma kariyar nau'ikan kadarori daban-daban, na gwamnati, da na kamfanoni . Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, dangane da aiki, ana kiran fannin da kuɗi mai yawa da/ko kuɗin lissafi, kuma ya ƙunshi fannoni uku da aka tattauna. Manyan kayan aikin lissafi da dabarun su ne, daidai da haka: * don abubuwan da aka samo asali, Lissafin stochastic na Itô, kwaikwayo, da daidaitattun bambance-bambance na ɓangare ; duba tattaunawar da aka haɗa a cikin akwati game da samfurin Black-Scholes na samfurin da dabarun lambobi daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su yanzu * don gudanar da haɗari, ƙimar haɗari, gwajin damuwa da nazarin "masu hankali" (ta amfani da "Girkawa"); ilimin lissafi na asali ya ƙunshi samfuran gauraye, PCA, tarin canjin yanayi da copulas . <ref>See for example III.A.3, in Carol Alexander, ed. (2005). ''The Professional Risk Managers' Handbook''. PRMIA Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-9766097-0-4}}</ref> * a cikin waɗannan fannoni biyu, musamman ga matsalolin fayil, quants suna amfani da dabarun ingantawa masu inganci. A lissafi, waɗannan sun rabu zuwa rassan nazari guda biyu : farashin da aka samo asali yana amfani da yiwuwar rashin haɗari (ko yiwuwar farashin sulhu ), wanda aka nuna ta "Q"; yayin da haɗarin da gudanar da fayil gabaɗaya suna amfani da yiwuwar zahiri (ko ta zahiri ko ta actuarial), wanda aka nuna ta "P". Waɗannan suna da alaƙa ta hanyar " Asalin ka'idar farashin kadarori " da ke sama. Batun yana da alaƙa da tattalin arzikin kuɗi, wanda, kamar yadda aka bayyana, ya mayar da hankali kan yawancin ka'idar da ke cikin lissafin kuɗi: gabaɗaya, lissafin kuɗi zai samo kuma ya faɗaɗa samfuran lissafi da aka ba da shawara. Kuɗin kwamfuta reshe ne na kimiyyar kwamfuta (wanda aka yi amfani da shi) wanda ke magance matsalolin da suka shafi sha'awa a fannin kuɗi, kuma musamman yana jaddada hanyoyin lambobi da aka yi amfani da su a nan. === Kuɗin gwaji === Kuɗin gwaji yana da nufin kafa yanayi daban-daban na kasuwa da muhalli don lura da gwaji da kuma samar da wata hanya ta kimiyya ta yadda za ta iya nazarin halayen wakilai da kuma halayen da suka haifar da kwararar ciniki, yaɗuwar bayanai, da tarawa, hanyoyin saita farashi, da kuma hanyoyin dawo da kaya. Masu bincike a fannin gwajin kuɗi suna nazarin yadda ka'idojin tattalin arzikin kuɗi na yanzu ke yin hasashen gaskiya kuma suna ƙoƙarin tabbatar da su. Suna kuma da nufin gano sabbin ƙa'idodi don faɗaɗa waɗannan ka'idoji don yanke shawara kan harkokin kuɗi na gaba. Wannan bincike sau da yawa ya ƙunshi gudanar da kwaikwayon ciniki ko lura da ɗabi'un ɗan adam a cikin yanayi na wucin gadi, gasa, da kuma kamar kasuwa. Nazarin harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a yana nuna yadda ''[[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar]]'' masu zuba jari ko manajoji ke shafar yanke shawara da kasuwanni na kuɗi kuma yana da mahimmanci wajen yanke shawara wanda zai iya yin tasiri ko dai a kan wani ɓangare na fannoninsu mara kyau ko kuma mai kyau. Tare da ƙarin zurfafa bincike kan harkokin kuɗi na ɗabi'a, yana yiwuwa a haɗa abin da ke faruwa a kasuwannin kuɗi da bincike bisa ga ka'idar kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zahera |first=Syed Aliya |last2=Bansal |first2=Rohit |date=2018-05-08 |title=Do investors exhibit behavioral biases in investment decision making? A systematic review |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |url-status=live |journal=Qualitative Research in Financial Markets |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=210–251 |doi=10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028 |issn=1755-4179 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408144635/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/QRFM-04-2017-0028/full/html |archive-date=2022-04-08 |access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> Kuɗin ɗabi'a ya ƙaru a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata don zama muhimmin ɓangare na kuɗi. A zamanin yau akwai buƙatar ƙarin nazari da kuma gwada tasirin ji a kan shawarwarin kuɗi. Musamman ma, domin yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a wuce kuɗin halayya zuwa kuɗin zamantakewa, wanda ke nazarin tsarin hulɗar zamantakewa, yadda ra'ayoyin kuɗi ke yaɗuwa, da kuma yadda hanyoyin zamantakewa ke shafar yanke shawara da sakamako na kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hirshleifer |first=David |date=2015 |title=Behavioral Finance |journal=Annual Review of Financial Economics |language=en |volume=7 |pages=133–159 |doi=10.1146/annurev-financial-092214-043752 |issn=1941-1367 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Harkokin kuɗi yana da alaƙa da waɗannan batutuwa kamar: # Nazarin tarihi wanda ke nuna manyan karkacewa daga ka'idojin gargajiya; # Samfura na yadda ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ke shafar ciniki da farashi da kuma yadda yake shafar ciniki; # Hasashen bisa ga waɗannan hanyoyin; # Nazarin kasuwannin kadarori na gwaji da kuma amfani da samfura don hasashen gwaje-gwaje. An yi wa wani ɓangare na kuɗin ɗabi'a lakabi da kuɗin ɗabi'a na adadi, wanda ke amfani da hanyoyin lissafi da na ƙididdiga don fahimtar son zuciya na ɗabi'a tare da kimantawa. === Kuɗin kuɗi na Quantum === Kudin kuɗi ya haɗa da yin amfani da hanyoyin inji na inji ga ka'idar kuɗi, samar da sababbin hanyoyin da ra'ayoyi a fagen.<ref name="SIAM">See discussion here: {{cite web |url=https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424170544/https://www.siam.org/Portals/0/Student%20Programs/Thinking%20of%20a%20Career/brochure.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-24|url-status=dead |title=Careers in Applied Mathematics|publisher=[[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]}}</ref> kudi kudi wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwa, inda ake amfani da ka'idoji da hanyoyin da masana kimiyyar lissafi da masana tattalin arziki suka bunkasa don magance matsalolin kudi. Yana wakiltar reshe da aka sani da econophysics . Kodayake hanyoyin lissafi masu yawa sun kasance a kusa da wasu lokuta kuma suna amfani da ka'idodin kimiyyar lissafi don fahimtar hanyoyin aiwatarwa da sarrafa kwararar kuɗi, lissafi ne da ke da mahimmanci a cikin wannan sabon yanayin. Ka'idar kudi ta dogara ne akan farashin kayan aiki na kudi, kamar farashin zaɓi na hannun jari. Yawancin matsalolin da ke fuskantar al'ummar kudi ba su da wani bayani na bincike. A sakamakon haka, hanyoyin lambobi da simulations na kwamfuta don warware waɗannan matsalolin sun karu. Wannan yanki na bincike an san shi da kudi na lissafi. Yawancin matsalolin kudi na lissafi suna da babban matsayi na rikitarwa na lissafi kuma suna da jinkiri don haɗuwa da mafita a kan kwamfutoci na gargajiya. Musamman, idan ya zo ga farashin zaɓi, akwai ƙarin rikitarwa sakamakon buƙatar amsawa ga kasuwannin da ke canzawa da sauri. Misali, don amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan hannun jari marasa daidaituwa, lissafin dole ne ya kammala kafin canji na gaba a cikin kusan ci gaba da canza kasuwar hannun jari. A sakamakon haka, al'ummar kudi koyaushe suna neman hanyoyin da za su shawo kan matsalolin aikin da ke tasowa yayin zaɓuɓɓukan farashi. Wannan ya haifar da bincike wanda ke amfani da wasu hanyoyin lissafi don kudi. Mafi yawan nau'ikan kudi da aka fi amfani da su sune tsarin ci gaba mai yawa, tsarin binomial mai yawa, samfurin binomial da sauransu. Asalin kuɗi za a iya gano shi tun daga farkon kafa jihohi da cinikayya a [[zamanin Tagulla]] . An gano cewa an gano farkon shaidar kuɗi a tarihi a kusan shekara ta 3000 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). Bankuna sun samo asali ne daga [[Yammacin Asiya]], inda ake amfani da haikali da manyan fada a matsayin wurare masu aminci don adana kayayyaki masu daraja. Da farko, hatsi ne kawai mai daraja da za a iya ajiyewa, amma daga ƙarshe shanu da kayan tarihi sun shiga ciki. A wannan lokacin, birnin Uruk na Sumerian a [[Mesopotamia]] ya tallafa wa ciniki ta hanyar ba da rance da kuma amfani da riba. A cikin Sumerian, "sha'awa" shine ''mas'', wanda ke fassara zuwa "maraƙi". A [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] da [[Misra|Masar]], kalmomin da ake amfani da su don sha'awa, ''tokos'' da ''ms'' bi da bi, suna nufin "haihuwa". A cikin waɗannan al'adu, sha'awa ta nuna ƙaruwa mai mahimmanci, kuma da alama tana la'akari da hakan daga mahangar mai ba da bashi. Dokar Hammurabi (1792–1750 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa) ta ƙunshi dokokin da ke kula da harkokin banki. Mutanen Babila sun saba da karɓar riba a kashi 20 cikin ɗari a kowace shekara. A shekara ta 1200 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), an yi amfani da harsashin cowrie a matsayin nau'in kuɗi a [[Sin|ƙasar Sin]] . Amfani da tsabar kudi a matsayin hanyar wakiltar kudi ya fara ne a cikin shekaru tsakanin 700 da 500 KZ.<ref>{{Cite web |title=babylon-coins.com |url=http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615134016/http://babylon-coins.com/tast1.html |archive-date=2021-06-15 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=babylon-coins.com}}</ref> Herodotus ya ambaci amfani da tsabar kudi a Lydia a kusa da 687 KZ kuma, a shekara ta 640 KZ, mutanen Lidiya sun fara amfani da tsalar kudi a ko'ina kuma sun bude shagunan sayar da kayayyaki na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Herodotus on Lydia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513152131/https://www.worldhistory.org/article/81/herodotus-on-lydia/ |archive-date=2021-05-13 |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, birane a Girka ta gargajiya, kamar Aegina, [[Athens]], da Koranti, sun fara yin nasu tsabar kudi tsakanin 595 da 570 KZ. A lokacin Jamhuriyar Roma, sake fasalin Lex Genucia ya haramta sha'awa a cikin 342 KZ, kodayake tanadin ya tafi ba tare da tilasta shi ba. A karkashin [[Julius Caesar|Julius Kaisar]], an saita rufin a kan kudaden shiga na 12%, kuma daga baya a ƙarƙashin Justinian an saukar da shi har ma zuwa tsakanin 4% da 8% .<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2005 |title=History of Usury Prohibition – IslamiCity |url=https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409014040/https://www.islamicity.org/2773/history-of-usury-prohibition/ |archive-date=2023-04-09 |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=islamicity.org}}</ref> An buɗe musayar hannun jari ta farko a [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] a cikin 1531.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handelsbeurs |trans-title=Trade fair |url=https://visit.antwerpen.be/info/handelsbeurs |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Visit Antwerp |language=nl |quote=The 'Nieuwe Beurs' was built in 1531 because the 'Old Beurs' in Hofstraat had become too small. It was the first stock exchange ever built specifically for that purpose and later became the example for all stock exchange buildings in the world.}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kirkiro shahararrun musayar kamar London Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1773) da New York Stock Exchange (wanda aka kafa a 1793).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902213413/https://www.londonstockexchange.com/discover/lseg/our-history |archive-date=2 September 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=London Stock Exchange}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Guides: Wall Street and the Stock Exchanges: Historical Resources: Stock Exchanges |url=https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804230415/https://guides.loc.gov/wall-street-history/exchanges |archive-date=4 August 2022 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Rikicin kudi na 2008 * Bayani game da kudi {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite book|last2=Jason Zweig}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=John C. Bogle}} *   * {{Cite book|last2=Sharon Lechter}} *   * {{Cite book|last3=George Soros}} * {{Cite book|last3=Philip Arthur Fisher}} == Haɗin waje == * Magana ta Hypertextual Finance (Campbell Harvey) * Bayanan Kudi (Pierre Vernimmen) * [[Risk (magazine)|Risk.net]]/glossary" id="mwBf8" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin kula da haɗarin kuɗi (Risk.net) * [[NASDAQ]].com/glossary" id="mwBgI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Kalmomin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci (NASDAQ) * Kalmomin Maɓallin Kasuwanci (PIMCO) * [http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ Kudin kamfanoni] (Aswath Damodaran) * albarkatun gudanar da kudi (James Van Horne) * Abubuwan da ke tattare da kudade na mutum (Financial Literacy and Education Commission, mymoney.gov) * albarkatun kudi na jama'a (Governance and Social Development Resource Center, gsdrc.org) [An adana 2023-06-02 a ] * albarkatun kula da haɗari (Cibiyar Hadari ta Duniya) [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 543bb3kpuqp8aqwnyv36sl7zcn1rso7 0 14603 966914 544918 2026-10-12T18:17:03Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Ghana districts.png|thumb|right|200px|Gundumomin Ghana.]] '''Gundumomin Ghana''' ƙananan hukumomi ne na Ghana na ƙasa-da-ƙasa, ƙasa da matakin yanki. Akwai gundumomi har guda ashiren da shida 216. == Tarihi == An sake tsara gundumomin Ghana a cikin 1988/1989 a cikin yunƙurin rarraba gwamnatoci da taimakawa ci gaba. Sauye-sauyen da aka yi a ƙarshen 1980s ya rarraba [[Yankuna na Ghana]] zuwa gundumomi 110, inda yakamata majalisun ƙananan hukumomi su yi ma'amala da ƙaramar hukuma. Zuwa 2006, an ƙirƙiri ƙarin gundumomi 28 ta hanyar rarraba wasu asali 110, suna kawo adadinsu zuwa 138. A watan Fabrairun 2008, an sami ƙarin gundumomi kuma wasu an haɓaka su zuwa matsayin birni. Wannan ya kawo adadin ƙarshe zuwa gundumomi 170 na Ghana. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ƙara ƙarin gundumomi 46 tun 28 ga Yuni 2012 wanda ya kawo jimillar gundumomi 216. == Nau'in Gundumomi == === Gundumomi === Gundumomin Talakawa suna da mafi ƙarancin adadin mutane dubu saba'in da biyar. === Karamar Hukumar === Karamar gundumomin birni suna da mafi ƙarancin adadin mutane dubu casa'in da biyar. === Babban birni === Babban gundumomin birni suna da mafi ƙarancin yawan mutane dubu dari biyu da hamsin. == Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa == === Majalisun Gundumomi === Ana gunduma gundumomi da Majalisun Gundumomi, waɗanda Ministan karamar Hukumar ya kafa, kuma suke aiki a matsayin mafi girman ikon siyasa a kowace gunduma. Sun kunshi: * Hakimin Gundumar, wanda Shugaban Jamhuriya ya nada * mutum daya daga kowane yanki na zabe a cikin gundumar da aka zaba ta hanyar babban zaben manya. * memba ko memba na majalisar dokoki daga mazabun da suka fada cikin yankin ikon majalisar gundumar. * sauran mambobin da ba za su wuce kashi talatin cikin dari na yawan mambobin majalisar gundumar da Shugaban kasa ya nada tare da tuntubar shugabannin gargajiya da sauran kungiyoyin masu sha'awar yankin ba. ==== Hakimin Gundumar ==== Shugaban Jamhuriya ne ya nada Babban Hakimin Gundumar kuma yana aiki a matsayin wakili na Gwamnatin Tsakiya a gundumar. Mai ci yanzu yana shugabanci a taron Kwamitin Zartarwa na Majalisar Gundumar, kuma yana da alhakin: * ayyukan yau da kullun na zartarwa da ayyukan gudanarwa na Majalisar Gundumar. * kulawa da sassan majalisar gundumar da ==== Kwamitin Zartarwa ==== Kwamitin zartarwa yana aiwatar da zartarwa da daidaita ayyukan Majalisar Gunduma, kuma yana da mambobi masu zuwa: * Hakimin Gundumar, wanda ke matsayin shugaba * shugabannin ƙananan kwamitocin masu biyowa na kwamitin zartarwa: ** Shirye-shiryen ci gaba, ** Ayyukan zamantakewa ** Ayyuka ** Adalci da Tsaro ** Kudi da Gudanarwa ** shugaban karamin kwamiti na wucin gadi na kwamitin zartarwa wanda Majalisar Yankin ta zaba ** duk wasu membobi guda biyu da membobin majalisar gundumar suka zaba, akalla daya daga cikinsu mace ce ==== Shugaban Majalisar ==== Kowace Majalisar Yankin tana zaɓar ɗan Majalisar da ke jagorantar taron, wanda ke yin taro kuma yake jagorantar tarurrukan Majalisar Gundumar. === Ayyukan Majalisun Gundumomi === A matsayina na gwamnatocin siyasa da mulki a kan gundumomi, babban aikin Majalisun Gundumomi shi ne inganta ci gaban tattalin arzikin cikin gida. Dokar karamar Hukumar ta 2016 kuma ta yi aiki tare da Majalisun Gundumomi don: * tsarawa da aiwatar da tsare-tsare, shirye-shirye da dabaru don haɗakarwa da albarkatu masu mahimmanci don ci gaban gundumar gabaɗaya. * inganta da tallafawa ayyukan ci gaba da ci gaban zamantakewar al'umma a cikin gundumar da kuma kawar da duk wani cikas ga yunƙuri da ci gaba. * daukar nauyin karatun daliban daga gundumar don cike wasu bukatun ma'aikata na gundumar musamman a bangaren ilimi da kiwon lafiya, tabbatar da cewa daukar nauyin ya daidaita kuma ya daidaita tsakanin dalibai maza da mata. * fara shirye-shirye don haɓaka ababen more rayuwa da samar da ayyukan birni da aiyuka a gundumar. * su kasance masu alhakin ci gaba, ingantawa da kuma kula da matsugunan mutane da kuma mahalli a gundumar. * a cikin hadin gwiwa da hukumomin tsaro na kasa da na gida da suka dace, su kasance masu kula da tsaro da lafiyar jama'a a gundumar. * tabbatar da shirin isa ga kotuna a cikin gundumar don ci gaban adalci. * yi aiki don kiyayewa da haɓaka al'adun gargajiya a cikin gundumar. * farawa, tallafawa ko aiwatar da karatun da zai iya zama dole don sauke duk wani aikin su. Dokar ta kuma ba Majalisun Gundumomi tare da hukumomi masu zuwa: * Tallace-tallace, kamar yadda Dokar Tallace-tallace ta bayar, 1989 (P.N.D.C.L. 230) * Lasisin giya, kamar yadda Dokar lasisin lasisin giya, 1970 (Dokar 331) * Kula da wutar daji, kamar yadda Dokar Kulawa da Rigakafin wutardaji ta bayar, 1990 (P.N.D.C.L. 229) * * Kashe waɗannan ƙa'idodi na Dokar Laifin Laifuka, 1960 (Dokar 29) a cikin gundumarta: sashe na 296 dangane da zubar da shara a titi; kuma sashi na 300 dangane da batacciyar shanu. == Lissafin Gundumomi == === Yankin Ahafo === Yankin Ahafo na Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disambar 2018. Babban birnin yankin shine Goaso. Bangare ne na Yankin Brong-Ahafo kuma ya ƙunshi gundumomi 6, ƙananan hukumomi 3 da gundumomi na yau da kullun 3. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Asunafo_North_Municipal|Asunafo North Municipal]] * [[:en:Asunafo_South_District|Asunafo South District]] * [[:en:Asutifi_North_District|Asutifi North District]] * [[:en:Asutifi_South_District|Asutifi South District]] * [[:en:Tano_North_Municipal|Tano North Municipal]] * [[:en:Tano_South_Municipal|Tano South Municipal]] === Yankin Ashanti === [[File:Districts_of_the_Ashanti_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Ashanti_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|Yankin Ashanti]] Yankin Ashanti na Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 30. Wannan ya kunshi 1 Metropolitan, Municipal 11 da 18 na gundumomi na yau da kullun. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Adansi_North_District|Adansi North District]] * [[:en:Adansi_South_District|Adansi South District]] * [[:en:Afigya-Kwabre_District|Afigya-Kwabre District]] * [[:en:Ahafo_Ano_North_Municipal|Ahafo Ano North Municipal]] * [[:en:Ahafo_Ano_South_District|Ahafo Ano South District]] * [[:en:Amansie_Central_District|Amansie Central District]] * [[:en:Amansie_West_District|Amansie West District]] * [[:en:Asante-Akim_Central_Municipal|Asante-Akim Central Municipal]] * [[:en:Asante_Akim_North_District|Asante Akim North District]] * [[:en:Asante_Akim_South_Municipal|Asante Akim South Municipal]] * [[:en:Asokore_Mampong_Municipal|Asokore Mampong Municipal]] * [[:en:Atwima_Kwanwoma_District|Atwima Kwanwoma District]] * [[:en:Atwima_Mponua_District|Atwima Mponua District]] * [[:en:Atwima_Nwabiagya_Municipal|Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal]] * [[:en:Bekwai_Municipal|Bekwai Municipal]] * [[:en:Bosome_Freho_District|Bosome Freho District]] * [[:en:Botsomtwe_District|Botsomtwe District]] * [[:en:Ejisu-Juaben_Municipal|Ejisu-Juaben Municipal]] * [[:en:Ejura-Sekyedumase_Municipal|Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipal]] * [[:en:Kumasi_Metropolitan|Kumasi Metropolitan]] * [[:en:Kwabre_East_District|Kwabre East District]] * [[:en:Mampong_Municipal|Mampong Municipal]] * [[:en:Obuasi_Municipal|Obuasi Municipal]] * [[:en:Offinso_North_District|Offinso North District]] * [[:en:Offinso_South_Municipal|Offinso South Municipal]] * [[:en:Sekyere_Afram_Plains_District|Sekyere Afram Plains District]] * [[:en:Sekyere_Central_District|Sekyere Central District]] * [[:en:Sekyere_East_District|Sekyere East District]] * [[:en:Sekyere_Kumawu_District|Sekyere Kumawu District]] * [[:en:Sekyere_South_District|Sekyere South District]] === Yankin Bono === Yankin Bono na Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disambar 2018. Yana daga cikin Yankin Brong-Ahafo na lokacin kuma ya kunshi gundumomi 12, [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] 5 da kuma gundumomi 7 na gari. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Banda_District_(Ghana)|Banda District]] * [[:en:Berekum_Municipal|Berekum East Municipal]] * Berekum West District * [[:en:Dormaa_Central_Municipal|Dormaa Central Municipal]] * [[:en:Dormaa_East_District|Dormaa East District]] * [[:en:Dormaa_West_District|Dormaa West District]] * [[:en:Jaman_North_District|Jaman North District]] * [[:en:Jaman_South_Municipal|Jaman South Municipal]] * [[:en:Sunyani_Municipal_District|Sunyani Municipal]] * [[:en:Sunyani_West_District|Sunyani West District]] * [[:en:Tain_District|Tain District]] * [[:en:Wenchi_Municipal_District|Wenchi Municipal]] === Yankin Gabashin Bono === Yankin Gabashin Bono na Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disambar 2018. Ya kasance wani yanki na Yankin Brong-Ahafo na Ghana kuma ya ƙunshi gundumomi 11, ƙananan hukumomi 4 da kuma gundumomi 7 na yau da kullun. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Atebubu-Amantin_District|Atebubu-Amantin Municipal]] * [[:en:Kintampo_North_Municipal|Kintampo North Municipal]] * [[:en:Kintampo_South_District|Kintampo South District]] * [[:en:Nkoranza_North_District|Nkoranza North District]] * [[:en:Nkoranza_South_District|Nkoranza South District]] * [[:en:Pru_District|Pru East District]] * Pru West District * [[:en:Sene_East_District|Sene East District]] * [[:en:Sene_West_District|Sene West District]] * [[:en:Techiman_Municipal|Techiman Municipal]] * [[:en:Techiman_North_District|Techiman North District]] === Yankin Tsakiya === [[File:Districts_of_the_Central_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Central_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|DistricYankin Tsakiya]] Yankin tsakiyar Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 20. Waɗannan sun kunshi manyan birane 1, na gari 6 da kuma gundumomi na yau da kullun 13. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese_District|Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese District]] * [[:en:Agona_East_District|Agona East District]] * [[:en:Agona_West_Municipal|Agona West Municipal]] * [[:en:Ajumako/Enyan/Essiam_District|Ajumako/Enyan/Essiam District]] * [[:en:Asikuma/Odoben/Brakwa_District|Asikuma/Odoben/Brakwa District]] * [[:en:Assin_Central_Municipal|Assin Central Municipal]] * [[:en:Assin_South_District|Assin South District]] * [[:en:Awutu_Senya_East_(municipal_district)|Awutu Senya East Municipal District]] * [[:en:Awutu_Senya_West_District|Awutu Senya West District]] * [[:en:Cape_Coast_Metropolitan|Cape Coast Metropolitan]] * [[:en:Effutu_Municipal|Effutu Municipal]] * [[:en:Ekumfi_District|Ekumfi District]] * [[:en:Gomoa_East_District|Gomoa East District]] * [[:en:Gomoa_West_District|Gomoa West District]] * [[:en:Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem_District|Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem Municipal District]] * [[:en:Mfantsiman_Municipal|Mfantsiman Municipal]] * [[:en:Twifo-Ati_Morkwa_District|Twifo-Ati Morkwa District]] * [[:en:Twifo/Heman/Lower_Denkyira_District|Twifo/Heman/Lower Denkyira District]] * [[:en:Upper_Denkyira_East_Municipal|Upper Denkyira East Municipal]] * [[:en:Upper_Denkyira_West_District|Upper Denkyira West District]] === Yankin Gabas === [[File:Districts_of_the_Eastern_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Eastern_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|Districts of Yankin Gabas]] Yankin Gabashin Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 26 waɗanda suka haɗu da na birni 9 da kuma gundumomi na gari 17. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Akuapim_North_Municipal|Akuapim North Municipal]] * [[:en:Akuapim_South_District|Akuapim South District]] * [[:en:Akyemansa_District|Akyemansa District]] * [[:en:Asuogyaman_District|Asuogyaman District]] * [[:en:Atiwa_District|Atiwa District]] * [[:en:Ayensuano_District|Ayensuano District]] * [[:en:Birim_Central_Municipal|Birim Central Municipal]] * [[:en:Birim_North_District|Birim North District]] * [[:en:Birim_South_District|Birim South District]] * [[:en:Denkyembour_District|Denkyembour District]] * [[:en:East_Akim_Municipal|East Akim Municipal]] * [[:en:Fanteakwa_District|Fanteakwa District]] * [[:en:Kwaebibirem_Municipal|Kwaebibirem Municipal]] * [[:en:Kwahu_Afram_Plains_North_District|Kwahu Afram Plains North District]] * [[:en:Kwahu_Afram_Plains_South_District|Kwahu Afram Plains South District]] * [[:en:Kwahu_East_District|Kwahu East District]] * [[:en:Kwahu_South_District|Kwahu South District]] * [[:en:Kwahu_West_Municipal|Kwahu West Municipal]] * [[:en:Lower_Manya_Krobo_District|Lower Manya Krobo District]] * [[:en:New-Juaben_Municipal|New-Juaben Municipal]] * [[:en:Nsawam_Adoagyire_Municipal|Nsawam Adoagyire Municipal]] * [[:en:Suhum_Municipal|Suhum Municipal]] * [[:en:Upper_Manya_Krobo_District|Upper Manya Krobo District]] * [[:en:Upper_West_Akim_District|Upper West Akim District]] * [[:en:West_Akim_Municipal|West Akim Municipal]] * [[:en:Yilo_Krobo_District|Yilo Krobo District]] === Babban Yankin Accra === [[File:Districts_of_the_Greater_Accra_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Greater_Accra_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|Babban Yankin Accra]] Babban yankin Accra na Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 17 waɗanda suka haɗu da manyan birane 2, na birni 10 da kuma gundumomi talakawa 5. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Accra_Metropolitan|Accra Metropolitan]] * [[:en:Ada_East_District|Ada East District]] * [[:en:Ada_West_District|Ada West District]] * [[:en:Adenta_Municipal|Adenta Municipal]] * [[:en:Ashaiman_Municipal|Ashaiman Municipal]] * [[:en:Ga_Central_Municipal|Ga Central Municipal]] * [[:en:Ga_East_Municipal|Ga East Municipal]] * [[:en:Ga_North_Municipal|Ga North Municipal]] * [[:en:Ga_South_Municipal|Ga South Municipal]] * [[:en:Ga_West_Municipal|Ga West Municipal]] * [[:en:Kpone_Katamanso_District|Kpone Katamanso District]] * [[:en:La_Dade_Kotopon_Municipal|La Dade Kotopon Municipal]] * [[:en:La_Nkwantanang_Madina_Municipal|La Nkwantanang Madina Municipal]] * [[:en:Ledzokuku|Ledzokuku Municipal]] * [[:en:Krowor|Krowor Municipal]] * [[:en:Ningo_Prampram_District|Ningo Prampram District]] * [[:en:Shai_Osudoku_District|Shai Osudoku District]] * [[:en:Tema_Metropolitan|Tema Metropolitan]] === Yankin Arewa === [[File:Districts_of_the_Northern_Region_(2018).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Northern_Region_(2018).png|right|thumb|610x610px|Yankin Arewa]] Yankin Arewacin Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 15; 1 birni, 3 na birni da kuma gundumomi na gari 11. Wadannan su ne: * [[:en:Gushiegu_District|Gushiegu District]] * [[:en:Karaga_District|Karaga District]] * [[:en:Kpandai_District|Kpandai District]] * [[:en:Kumbungu_District|Kumbungu District]] * [[:en:Mion_District|Mion District]] * [[:en:Nanton_District|Nanton District]] * [[:en:Nanumba_North_Municipal|Nanumba North Municipal]] * [[:en:Nanumba_South_District|Nanumba South District]] * [[:en:Saboba_District|Saboba District]] * [[:en:Sagnarigu_Municipal|Sagnarigu Municipal]] * [[:en:Savelugu-Nanton_District|Savelugu-Nanton District]] * [[:en:Tamale_Metropolitan|Tamale Metropolitan]] * [[:en:Tatale-Sangule_District|Tatale-Sangule District]] * [[:en:Yendi_Municipal|Yendi Municipal]] * [[:en:Zabzugu_District|Zabzugu District]] === Yankin Arewa Maso Gabas === [[File:Districts_of_the_North_East_Region_(2018).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_North_East_Region_(2018).png|right|thumb|600x600px]] Yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disambar 2018. Yana daga cikin Yankin Arewacin Ghana na lokacin. Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 6, na birni 2 da kuma gundumomi na talakawa 4. Wadannan su ne: * Bunkpurugu-Nyankpanduri District * [[:en:Chereponi_District|Chereponi District]] * East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly * Mamprugu Moaduri District * West Mamprusi Municipal District * Yunyoo-Nasuan District === Yankin Oti === [[File:Districts_of_the_Oti_Region_(2018).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Oti_Region_(2018).png|right|thumb|560x560px|Gundumomin yankin Oti]] Yankin Oti na Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disambar 2018. Yana daga cikin Yankin Ghana na Volta na lokacin. Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 8, na birni 2 da ƙananan gundumomi 6. Wadannan su ne: * Biakoye District * Jasikan District * Kadjebi District * Krachi East Municipal * Krachi Nchumuru District * Krachi West District * Nkwanta North District * Nkwanta South Municipal === Yankin Savannah === [[File:Districts_of_the_Savannah_Region_(2018).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Savannah_Region_(2018).png|right|thumb|600x600px|Districts of the Savannah Region]] [[Yankin Savannah]] na Ghana an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar zaben raba gardama a watan Disamba na 2018. Yana daga cikin yankin Arewacin Ghana na lokacin. Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 7, na birni 1 da gundumomi talakawa 6. Wadannan su ne: * Bole District * Central Gonja District * East Gonja Municipal * North Gonja District * Sawla-Tuna-Kalba District * Tolon District * West Gonja === Yankin Gabas ta Gabas === [[File:Districts_of_the_Upper_East_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Upper_East_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|Yankin Gabas ta Gabas]] Yankin Gabashin Gabas na Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 13, na birni 3 da kuma gundumomi 10 na gari. Wadannan su ne: * Bawku Municipal * Bawku West District * Binduri District * Bolgatanga Municipal * Bongo District * Builsa North District * Builsa South District * Garu-Tempane District * Kassena Nankana East Municipal * Kassena Nankana West District * Nabdam District * Pusiga District * Talensi District === Yankin Yammacin Yamma === [[File:Districts_of_the_Upper_West_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Upper_West_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|500x500px|Yankin Yammacin Yamma]] Yankin Yammacin Gana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 11, na birni 4 da kuma gundumomi na yau da kullun 7. Wadannan su ne: * Daffiama-Bussie-Issa District * Jirapa Municipal * Lambussie Karni District * Lawra Municipal * Nadowli-Kaleo District * Nandom District * Sissala East Municipal * Sissala West District * Wa East District * Wa Municipal * Wa West District === Yankin Volta === [[File:Districts_of_the_Volta_Region_(2018).png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Volta_Region_(2018).png|right|thumb|600x600px|DistriYankinVolta]] [[Yankin Volta]] na Ghana ya kasance yana dauke da gundumomi 17, na birni 5 da kuma gundumomi na talakawa 20. Waɗannan su ne: Yanzu yana da jimillar gundumomi 18 waɗanda suka ƙunshi 6 na birni da kuma gundumomi na yau da kullun 12 tun lokacin da aka shata yankin a cikin Disamba 2018 * [[:en:Adaklu_District|Adaklu District]] * [[:en:Afadjato_South_District|Afadjato South District]] * [[:en:Agotime_Ziope_District|Agotime Ziope District]] * [[:en:Akatsi_North_District|Akatsi North District]] * [[:en:Akatsi_South_District|Akatsi South District]] * [[:en:Anloga_District|Anloga District]] * [[:en:Central_Tongu_District|Central Tongu District]] * [[:en:Ho_Municipal|Ho Municipal]] * [[:en:Ho_West_District|Ho West District]] * [[:en:Hohoe_Municipal|Hohoe Municipal]] * [[:en:Keta_Municipal|Keta Municipal]] * [[:en:Ketu_North_Municipal_District|Ketu North Municipal District]] * [[:en:Ketu_South_Municipal|Ketu South Municipal]] * [[:en:Kpando_Municipal_District|Kpando Municipal District]] * [[:en:North_Dayi_District|North Dayi District]] * [[:en:North_Tongu_District|North Tongu District]] * [[:en:South_Dayi_District|South Dayi District]] * [[:en:South_Tongu_District|South Tongu District]] === Yankin Yamma === [[File:Districts_of_the_Western_Region_(2012).svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Districts_of_the_Western_Region_(2012).svg|right|thumb|710x710px|Yankin Yamma]] Yankin Yammacin Ghana ya ƙunshi gundumomi 13, babban birni 1, na birni 8 da kuma gundumomi na talakawa 4. Wadannan su ne: * Ahanta West Municipal * Ellembele Municipal * Jomoro Municipal * Mpohor District * Nzema East Municipal * Prestea-Huni Valley Municipal * Sekondi Takoradi Metropolitan * Shama District * Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal * Wassa Amenfi Central District * Wasa Amenfi East Municipal * Wasa Amenfi West Municipal * Wassa East District === Yankin Arewa Maso Yamma === Yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Ghana an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar raba gardama a cikin Disamba 2018. Yana daga cikin Yankin Yammacin Ghana na lokacin. Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 9, na birni 3 da kuma gundumomin talakawa 6. Wadannan su ne: * Aowin Municipal * Bia West District * Bia East District * Bibiani/Anhwiaso/Bekwai Municipal * Bodi District * Juaboso District * Sefwi Akontombra District * Sefwi Wiawso Municipal * Suaman District jpkk36hv6kxqu6dxtlvs9mtrmsnte2x 0 15601 967023 911421 2026-10-12T23:56:55Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369573936|Ayo Adesanya]]" 967023 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ayo Adesanya listenⓘ (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969) 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya, [1] [2] darektan kuma furodusa. [3][4] Ayo Adesanya ya bayyana a fina-finai na Yoruba da na Turanci. == Rayuwa ta farko == Ayo Adesanya ya fito ne daga Ijagun, Ijebu a [[Jihar Ogun]] kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ta halarci [[Ibadan]]" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Anne's School, Ibadan">Makarantar St Anne a Ibadan, babban birnin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], inda ta kammala karatun firamare da sakandare kuma ta sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko da takardar shaidarta ta Yammacin Afirka. Daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] inda ta sami digiri na farko a cikin sadarwa ta jama'a. == Ayyuka == Ayo Adesanya ta fara aikinta a shekara ta 1986 bayan ta kammala [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|Shirin Sabis na Matasa na Kasa (NYSC)]] A shekara ta 1992, ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] ([[Nollywood]]) da sana'a kuma ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta fara fitowa a fim din Living in Bondage . Ayo Adesanya daga baya ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta yaren Yoruba, inda ta fito, ta samar da kuma ba da umarni ga fina-fukkuna da yawa. Ta kuma bayyana a fina-finai na harshen Ingilishi. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ayo Adesanya ta riga ta auri Goriola Hassan amma yanzu ta rabu. Tana kuma da ɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My ex-husband and I were never legally married Ayo Adesanya |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/news/387731/my-exhusband-and-i-were-never-legally-married-ayo-adesanya.html |access-date=24 February 2015 |website=Latest Nigerian News}}</ref> == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage (1992) '' a matsayin Favour * ''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage 2 (1993) '' a matsayin Favour * ''Silent Night (1996) a matsayin Ƙarin'' * ''Daga Ƙayyadaddun (1997) a matsayin Adaora'' * ''Mafi Bukatar (1998) a matsayin Backside'' * ''Tokunboh (1999) a matsayin Mudy'' * ''[[Remember Your Mother|Ka tuna da mahaifiyarka]]'' (2000) a matsayin Efe * ''[[Time (2000 film)|Lokaci]]'' (2000) a matsayin Aghata * ''[[Dancer 2|Mai rawa na wuta]]'' (2001) a matsayin Selena * ''Masu kwangila (2003) '' * ''Asirin Duhu (2004) '' * ''Crazy Passion (2005) a matsayin Pamela'' * ''[[Tears in My Heart 2|Hawaye a Zuciyata 2]]'' (2006) a matsayin Dokta Rita * ''Scarlet (2014) '' * ''Matar kirki (2015) a matsayin Priscillia'' * ''Dark Spotlight (2016) a matsayin Mrs. Adam'' * ''[[Omugwo]] (2017) a matsayin Candance'' * ''Samun Farin Ciki (2018) a matsayin Kate'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin Ireti'' * ''Baƙon Iyali (2020) a matsayin Theresa'' * ''Kyautar Kirsimeti (2020) '' * ''Suga Suga (2021) a matsayin Ireti'' * ''Kawai Mu (2022) a matsayin Beatrice'' * ''Ƙaunar da ba ta da tsawo (2023) a matsayin Diana'' * ''Barrage (2023) a matsayin Mrs. Bamidele'' * ''Launi na Ƙarya (2023) '' * ''Shirin Farewell (2024) '' * ''Trenches Kid (2024) a matsayin Williams' Mum'' * ''Ƙaunar Gaskiya (2024) a matsayin Diana'' * ''Green Pastures (2024) a matsayin Mama Efosa'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Jerin mutanen Yoruba == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] e3y7icogmxt4jyeevk62p7er83kfrfz 967024 967023 2026-10-12T23:57:57Z Salma Raddah 45959 967024 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  {{Databox}} Ayo Adesanya listenⓘ (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969) 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya, [1] [2] darektan kuma furodusa. [3][4] Ayo Adesanya ya bayyana a fina-finai na Yoruba da na Turanci. == Rayuwa ta farko == Ayo Adesanya ya fito ne daga Ijagun, Ijebu a [[Jihar Ogun]] kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Ta halarci [[Ibadan]]" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Anne's School, Ibadan">Makarantar St Anne a Ibadan, babban birnin [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], inda ta kammala karatun firamare da sakandare kuma ta sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko da takardar shaidarta ta Yammacin Afirka. Daga baya ta ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] inda ta sami digiri na farko a cikin sadarwa ta jama'a. == Ayyuka == Ayo Adesanya ta fara aikinta a shekara ta 1986 bayan ta kammala [[Hukumar Yiwa Kasa Hidima (NYSC)|Shirin Sabis na Matasa na Kasa (NYSC)]] A shekara ta 1992, ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] ([[Nollywood]]) da sana'a kuma ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta fara fitowa a fim din Living in Bondage . Ayo Adesanya daga baya ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta yaren Yoruba, inda ta fito, ta samar da kuma ba da umarni ga fina-fukkuna da yawa. Ta kuma bayyana a fina-finai na harshen Ingilishi. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ayo Adesanya ta riga ta auri Goriola Hassan amma yanzu ta rabu. Tana kuma da ɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My ex-husband and I were never legally married Ayo Adesanya |url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/news/387731/my-exhusband-and-i-were-never-legally-married-ayo-adesanya.html |access-date=24 February 2015 |website=Latest Nigerian News}}</ref> == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage (1992) '' a matsayin Favour * ''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage 2 (1993) '' a matsayin Favour * ''Silent Night (1996) a matsayin Ƙarin'' * ''Daga Ƙayyadaddun (1997) a matsayin Adaora'' * ''Mafi Bukatar (1998) a matsayin Backside'' * ''Tokunboh (1999) a matsayin Mudy'' * ''[[Remember Your Mother|Ka tuna da mahaifiyarka]]'' (2000) a matsayin Efe * ''[[Time (2000 film)|Lokaci]]'' (2000) a matsayin Aghata * ''[[Dancer 2|Mai rawa na wuta]]'' (2001) a matsayin Selena * ''Masu kwangila (2003) '' * ''Asirin Duhu (2004) '' * ''Crazy Passion (2005) a matsayin Pamela'' * ''[[Tears in My Heart 2|Hawaye a Zuciyata 2]]'' (2006) a matsayin Dokta Rita * ''Scarlet (2014) '' * ''Matar kirki (2015) a matsayin Priscillia'' * ''Dark Spotlight (2016) a matsayin Mrs. Adam'' * ''[[Omugwo]] (2017) a matsayin Candance'' * ''Samun Farin Ciki (2018) a matsayin Kate'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin Ireti'' * ''Baƙon Iyali (2020) a matsayin Theresa'' * ''Kyautar Kirsimeti (2020) '' * ''Suga Suga (2021) a matsayin Ireti'' * ''Kawai Mu (2022) a matsayin Beatrice'' * ''Ƙaunar da ba ta da tsawo (2023) a matsayin Diana'' * ''Barrage (2023) a matsayin Mrs. Bamidele'' * ''Launi na Ƙarya (2023) '' * ''Shirin Farewell (2024) '' * ''Trenches Kid (2024) a matsayin Williams' Mum'' * ''Ƙaunar Gaskiya (2024) a matsayin Diana'' * ''Green Pastures (2024) a matsayin Mama Efosa'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * Jerin mutanen Yoruba == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] bwghkcfh4iepu2brlzlqmkfatqzv4xz 0 16056 966840 942084 2026-10-12T14:16:38Z Nura Bello 24854 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345434221|Mercy Ima Macjoe]]" 966840 wikitext text/x-wiki    . === Production === .in 2018, she began producing her own feature films with the production of ''Red'', which premiered on Ibaka TV, featuring [[Nonso Diobi]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] and Macjoe in a lead role.<ref name="RED">{{Cite web |title=Red – New Blockbuster Movie 2018 Starring Mercy MacJoe, Nonso Diobi, Ifeanyi Kalu. |url=https://www.neareel.com/red-new-blockbuster-movie-2018-starring-mercy-macjoe-nonso-diobi-ifeanyi-kalu/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=Near Reel |publisher=}}</ref> In 2019, she produced three feature films, ''30 and Single'', shot in London, ''Love in a Puff'' and ''Passion’s Promise''. {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Abin da ya faru !Kyautar !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon |- |2016 |Kyaututtuka na kururuwa |Fim ɗin Ru'ya ta Shekara (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |2017 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=City People Releases Nomination List For 2017 Movie Awards |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-releases-nomination-list-2017-movie-awards/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chinedu Adiele}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun sabuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a ta Birni <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2018 |title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST] |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chidera Nwachukwu}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Mata |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar CA, London |Mafi kyawun Actor (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Kyautar jin kai |Mashahurin Dan kasuwa na Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |GMYT Kyautar Taimako ta Afirka |Mafi Kyawun Shahararren Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |Hollywood da African Prestigious Awards, Los Angeles |Mafi kyawun Fim mai zaman kansa (Afirka) |''Ƙauna a cikin Fushi''|{{Won}} |- |} <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] ge7oo4cjtir4lnsqskdlf31xloxk9lx 966882 966840 2026-10-12T16:25:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/Nura Bello|Nura Bello]] ([[User talk:Nura Bello|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 942084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mercy Ima Macjoe, an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 1993, wacce aka fi sani da Mercy Macjoe, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, Mai shirya fim-finai, kuma ɗan kasuwa. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Legas amma ta fito ne daga [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] . Mercy an fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a ''Magdalene da Jenna'', wanda ya sami kyaututtuka masu daraja. A cikin 2018, an zabi ta don kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a City People Awards kuma ta sami kyautar ''Mafi kyawun gajeren fim mai zaman kansa'' a Hollywood da African Prestigious Awards a cikin 2019. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifinta, wanda ya mutu tun tana ƙarama, ya bar ta mahaifiyarta ce ta yi renonta, soja ne daga Eket a jihar Akwa Ibom. Macjoe ta halarci Jami'ar Open ta Najeriya, inda ta yi karatun Mass Communication don digiri na biyu. == Ayyuka == === Yin wasan kwaikwayo === Mercy Macjoe ta fara aikin fim dinta a shekara ta 2011, tare da rawar da ta taka a fim din Lonely Princess tare da tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo Mercy Johnson . Tun daga wannan lokacin tana da rawar gani a fina-finai na Midnight Crew, Zenith of Love, Shame, Bread of Life, Girl Next Door da Flaws . Da farko a cikin aikinta, Macjoe ta fito a cikin fina-finai da yawa na Ghana. A cikin 2018, aikinta a matsayin tomboy a cikin fim din ''Jenna'' ya sami ra'ayoyi da kulawa daga magoya baya da masu sukar. A cikin 2020, Macjoe ya shiga makarantar fina-finai ta New York . <ref name="NFA">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2020 |title=Actress Mercy Macjoe lands in New York Film Academy; shares photo |url=https://www.sidomexentertainment.com/nigeria-entertainment-news/actress-mercy-macjoe-lands-in-new-york-film-academy-shares-photo/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=Sidomex Entertainment |publisher=Bridget Andrew}}</ref> Bayan karatunta a Kwalejin Fim ta New York, Macjoe ta ci gaba da fitowa a cikin shirye-shiryen Nollywood a matsayin mai shirya fim, daga kamfanin samar da fim din MMJOE PRODUCTION ta samar da fina-finai kamar Red, The love I lost , Blind marriage, Last Day Married kuma ta fadada aikinta cikin kasuwanci da gudanar da kasuwanci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2026, ta kammala shirin ilimi na zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2026-04-25 |title=Mercy Macjoe celebrates Harvard milestone |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/04/mercy-macjoe-celebrates-harvard-milestone/ |access-date=2026-07-09 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Baya ga yin fim, ta shiga masana'antar baƙi, ta kafa kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki da gidan cin abinci, Lemon da Thyme Macjoe, wanda ke Boston, Massachusetts. Ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin fina-finai tana fitowa a cikin fitowar kamar Last Day Married, Cold dish, Bigger fish, 30 da guda, Blind marriage, da Sharing London sabon fim din da za a samu nan ba da daɗewa ba''Ranar da ta gabata Auren, abinci mai sanyi, Babban kifi, 30 da guda, auren makafi, da Sharing London sabon fim din da za a samu nan ba da daɗewa ba'' === Fitarwa === A cikin 2018, ta fara samar da fina-finai na kanta tare da samar da ''Red'', wanda aka fara a gidan talabijin na Ibaka, tare da [[Nonso Diobi]], [[Ifeanyi Kalu]] da Macjoe a matsayin jagora.<ref name="RED">{{Cite web |title=Red – New Blockbuster Movie 2018 Starring Mercy MacJoe, Nonso Diobi, Ifeanyi Kalu. |url=https://www.neareel.com/red-new-blockbuster-movie-2018-starring-mercy-macjoe-nonso-diobi-ifeanyi-kalu/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=Near Reel |publisher= |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213120648/https://www.neareel.com/red-new-blockbuster-movie-2018-starring-mercy-macjoe-nonso-diobi-ifeanyi-kalu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta samar da fina-finai guda uku, 30 da Single, an harbe ta a London, Love in a Puff da Passion's Promise . == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Abin da ya faru !Kyautar !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon |- |2016 |Kyaututtuka na kururuwa |Fim ɗin Ru'ya ta Shekara (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |2017 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=City People Releases Nomination List For 2017 Movie Awards |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/city-people-releases-nomination-list-2017-movie-awards/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chinedu Adiele}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun sabuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a ta Birni <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2018 |title=Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST] |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ |access-date=13 February 2020 |website=City People Magazine |publisher=Chidera Nwachukwu}}</ref> |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Mata |Rahama Macjoe|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar CA, London |Mafi kyawun Actor (Mata) |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Kyautar jin kai |Mashahurin Dan kasuwa na Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |GMYT Kyautar Taimako ta Afirka |Mafi Kyawun Shahararren Shekara |Rahama Macjoe|{{Won}} |- |Hollywood da African Prestigious Awards, Los Angeles |Mafi kyawun Fim mai zaman kansa (Afirka) |''Ƙauna a cikin Fushi''|{{Won}} |- |2024 |Dcemaward Atlanta Georgia |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa na Duniya da Mafi kyawun Actress |Rahama Macjoe |Ya ci nasara |} == Hotunan fina-finai == === Hotunan da aka zaɓa ===   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] jdkl6u5amge7zdnbq6ktuqrqgapbubg 4 21908 967000 966657 2026-10-12T21:30:38Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 967000 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Zainab lawal yakubu|Zainab lawal yakubu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zainab lawal yakubu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:MauraWen|MauraWen]] |[[Special:Contributions/MauraWen|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Foschia|Foschia]] |[[Special:Contributions/Foschia|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:GChoi-WMF|GChoi-WMF]] |[[Special:Contributions/GChoi-WMF|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Allirauf|Allirauf]] |[[Special:Contributions/Allirauf|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:ABUBAKAR HAMISU ZUBAIRU|ABUBAKAR HAMISU ZUBAIRU]] |[[Special:Contributions/ABUBAKAR HAMISU ZUBAIRU|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 10 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Whoissya|Whoissya]] |[[Special:Contributions/Whoissya|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |8 |[[User:BlackDadWhiteMom|BlackDadWhiteMom]] |[[Special:Contributions/BlackDadWhiteMom|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Wiraphat Raksat|Wiraphat Raksat]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wiraphat Raksat|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Brayanpicafresa345|Brayanpicafresa345]] |[[Special:Contributions/Brayanpicafresa345|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Wasila Sabo nashe|Wasila Sabo nashe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wasila Sabo nashe|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Leematu|Leematu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Leematu|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Christof46|Christof46]] |[[Special:Contributions/Christof46|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |14 |[[User:JwaddlesMath|JwaddlesMath]] |[[Special:Contributions/JwaddlesMath|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Episcophagus|Episcophagus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Episcophagus|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Faisza|Faisza]] |[[Special:Contributions/Faisza|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Abubakar sadik Adam marjire|Abubakar sadik Adam marjire]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abubakar sadik Adam marjire|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Wiwifrench222|Wiwifrench222]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wiwifrench222|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Ibaladoro|Ibaladoro]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibaladoro|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Shamra2022|Shamra2022]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shamra2022|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |21 |[[User:LarssonJon|LarssonJon]] |[[Special:Contributions/LarssonJon|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Umar wakili|Umar wakili]] |[[Special:Contributions/Umar wakili|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Ibrahim mu azu gambo|Ibrahim mu azu gambo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim mu azu gambo|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- 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ga Oktoba 2026 |- |32 |[[User:Hibbatullah muhammad umar|Hibbatullah muhammad umar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hibbatullah muhammad umar|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |33 |[[User:Hibatullah Muhammad Umar|Hibatullah Muhammad Umar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hibatullah Muhammad Umar|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Jammywest|Jammywest]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jammywest|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |35 |[[User:BWludXM4|BWludXM4]] |[[Special:Contributions/BWludXM4|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Freidrichm|Freidrichm]] |[[Special:Contributions/Freidrichm|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Bin annour|Bin annour]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bin annour|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |38 |[[User:MickeyPocket1429|MickeyPocket1429]] |[[Special:Contributions/MickeyPocket1429|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 11 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |39 |[[User:SinplicityOverused598|SinplicityOverused598]] 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|Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Naseerfana|Naseerfana]] |[[Special:Contributions/Naseerfana|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |74 |[[User:CareAhLine|CareAhLine]] |[[Special:Contributions/CareAhLine|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |75 |[[User:DaniShom6|DaniShom6]] |[[Special:Contributions/DaniShom6|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |76 |[[User:Dlmn|Dlmn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dlmn|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |77 |[[User:TV7Baltic|TV7Baltic]] |[[Special:Contributions/TV7Baltic|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |78 |[[User:Chuksekere|Chuksekere]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chuksekere|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |79 |[[User:SpiderMum|SpiderMum]] |[[Special:Contributions/SpiderMum|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |80 |[[User:Aficionado538|Aficionado538]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aficionado538|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |81 |[[User:Kennixon|Kennixon]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kennixon|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |82 |[[User:Rhubarble|Rhubarble]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rhubarble|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |83 |[[User:Voilauneencyclobienremplie|Voilauneencyclobienremplie]] |[[Special:Contributions/Voilauneencyclobienremplie|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |84 |[[User:ALIYU HASKE|ALIYU HASKE]] |[[Special:Contributions/ALIYU HASKE|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |85 |[[User:Boncoincoin|Boncoincoin]] |[[Special:Contributions/Boncoincoin|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |86 |[[User:Richardalijos|Richardalijos]] |[[Special:Contributions/Richardalijos|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |87 |[[User:Torin891|Torin891]] |[[Special:Contributions/Torin891|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |88 |[[User:Bashniggy|Bashniggy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bashniggy|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |89 |[[User:Isthmus55|Isthmus55]] |[[Special:Contributions/Isthmus55|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |90 |[[User:Tiouraren|Tiouraren]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tiouraren|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |91 |[[User:OrdinariusFingius|OrdinariusFingius]] |[[Special:Contributions/OrdinariusFingius|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 12 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |} 1xh1ug4i5oqh191f5fe61br1mm9wodx 0 22054 967021 883899 2026-10-12T23:52:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenneth Uwadi''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1972) shi ne mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, masanin kafofin watsa labarai sannan kuma kwararren marubuci ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abun cikiId = 1000 |url=http://www.newsbearerweeklymagazine.com/portal/content.asp?ContentId=1000 |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2016-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916221816/http://www.newsbearerweeklymagazine.com/portal/content.asp?ContentId=1000 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://innocentonyeukwu.blogspot.com.ng/2014/04/imo-speaker-fraud-scandal-samuelson.html</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin Coordinator na kungiyar Matasan da ke Kare Hakkokin Dan-Adam da Ayyukan Cin Hanci daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2014.<ref>http://www.elombah.com/index.php/opinion/8547-sam-onwuemeodo-s-garment-of-many-troubles-part-one{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya ci gaba da samo Matasa don Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam da Bayyanar da Gaskiya (YARPTI), matasa dama da cigaban kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2015. Labaran nasa sun bayyana a kafafen yada labarai na yanar gizo da dama a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://theicon.ng/2015/05/18/imo-speakers-aide-threatens-activist-over-corruption-petition/ |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815174331/http://theicon.ng/2015/05/18/imo-speakers-aide-threatens-activist-over-corruption-petition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.imotrumpeta.com/?p=11192</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Uwadi an haife shi a Mmahu-Egbema na karamar hukumar [[Ohaji/Egbema]] na [[Imo|jihar Imo]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/176338/1/free-samuelson-iwuoha-now.html</ref> Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]] inda ya sami digiri a fannin ilimin harsuna da sadarwa. Kuma ya yi aiki da kamfanin Alcon Nigeria Limited daga watan Mayun shekara ta 2003 zuwa watan Mayun shekara ta 2016 a matsayin akawu.<ref>http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/news/20819-huriwa-clears-imo-speaker-of-corruption-ritual-killings-allegations</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=11447&title=Corruption-Dont-make-Uwajumogu-a-Minister-Group-tells-Buhari-Im-innocent-Imo-Speaker |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816091759/http://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/detail.php?news=11447&title=Corruption-Dont-make-Uwajumogu-a-Minister-Group-tells-Buhari-Im-innocent-Imo-Speaker |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da yake aiki a kamfanin Alcon Nigeria limited, ya shiga kungiyar Matasa kan Cin zarafin 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyukan Cin Hanci da Rasha a shekara ta 2007 kuma ya zama Babban Jami'inta a shekara ta 2011.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201502090375.html</ref><ref>[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/continues-illegal-detention-by-police-of-samuelson-iwuoha/ </ref> == Kunnawa == Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu fada a ji a kasar Najeriya da ke haifar da sauyin zamantakewar jama'a ta kafofin sada zumunta sannan kuma mai sukar lamirin gwamnoni da dama na [[Imo|jihar Imo]] da wasu Shugabannin Najeriya. Uwadi ya jagoranci mummunan jaridar tarihin [[Rochas Okorocha|“zunuban” Gwamna Rochas Okorocha]].<ref>http://newswirengr.com/2014/04/12/group-demands-the-immediate-release-of-activist-umar-goodman-unlawfully-arrested-by-gov-idris-wada/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://newsofthesouth.com/anti-corruption-group-hits-streets-over-fraud-in-imo-speakers-office/ |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185245/http://newsofthesouth.com/anti-corruption-group-hits-streets-over-fraud-in-imo-speakers-office/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya taka rawar gani wajen yakin neman mulki na gari da samarwa matasa aikin yi a Najeriya, gami da gwagwarmaya da take hakkin bil adama da rashin kulawa da yankunan da ake hako mai a [[Imo|jihar Imo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://africanheraldexpress.com/blog8/2014/06/12/human-rights-violation-in-imo-state/ |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2020-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401125513/http://africanheraldexpress.com/blog8/2014/06/12/human-rights-violation-in-imo-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokacin da wani dan damfara na zamantakewar al'umma a [[Owerri]], Citizen Ikenna Samuelson Iwuoha da matarsa aka zarge su da kisan kai kuma aka kama su a ranar 3 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014, ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar sake su.<ref>https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/216920/popular-socio-political-crusader-comrade-kenneth-uwadi-res.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://famousnaijaz.com/about-us/ |access-date=2021-07-06 |archive-date=2017-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171124080508/http://famousnaijaz.com/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newsghana.com.gh/a ci gaba-da-ba da umarnin-doka- ta hanyar 'yan sanda- na-samuelson-iwuoha/]</ref> == Duba kuma == * Matasa Don Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam Da Tsarin Nuna Gaskiya * Citizen Ikenna Samuelson Iwuoha * Jerin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a Najeriya == Rayuwar mutum == Yayi aure. Yana da yara biyu. == Duba kuma == * Jerin masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo a Najeriya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * http://yarpti.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108130216/http://yarpti.org/ |date=2018-11-08 }} * http://famousnaijaz.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218141539/http://www.famousnaijaz.com/ |date=2020-02-18 }} [[Category:Mutane daga jihar imo]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dufy0vtal1qzrmozgek4o2u9x4g8676 0 23937 967001 402969 2026-10-12T21:35:42Z Baffa ali 47435 967001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Briganti_1862_from_Bisaccia.jpg|thumb|333x333px| Laftanar Carmine Crocco Agostino Sacchitiello da membobin ƙungiyar sa daga Bisaccia, Campania sun ɗauki hoto a 1862]] '''Banditry''' wani nau'in laifi ne da aka shirya ta hanyar aikata laifuka da suka shafi barazana ko amfani da tashin hankali. Mutumin da ya shiga aikin 'yan fashi an san shi da ɗan '''fashi''' kuma da farko yana aikata laifuka kamar ƙwace, fashi, da kisan kai, ko dai a matsayin mutum ɗaya ko cikin ƙungiyoyi. ''Banditry'' ra'ayi ne mara ma'ana game da aikata laifi kuma a cikin amfani na zamani na iya zama daidai da ƙungiya-ƙungiya, [[wiktionary:marauder|ɓarayi,]], da ɓarayi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ma'anoni == Kalmar ɗan ''fashi'' (wanda aka gabatar da Ingilishi ta hanyar Italiyanci kusan 1590), ya samo asali ne daga farkon aikin shari'ar Jamus na haramtattun masu laifi, wanda ake kira ''*bannan'' ( [[wiktionary:ban|haramcin]] Ingilishi). Kalmar doka a Daular Roman Mai Tsarki ita ce ''Acht'' ko ''Reichsacht'', wanda aka fassara shi da " haramtacciyar sarauta ".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2011}} A cikin Italiyanci na zamani kalmar daidai "bandito" a zahiri tana nufin haramtacce ko wanda aka hana. The New English Dictionary kan Historical Principles (Ned) ayyana "ɗan fashi" a 1885 a matsayin "wanda aka proscribed ko haramta . Saboda haka, a m matsananciyar marauder, a brigand : yawanci amfani da mambobi ne na shirya gangs wanda infest da duwatsu gundumomi na Italiya, Sicily, Spain, Greece, Iran, and Turkey ”. A cikin amfani na zamani kalmar na iya zama ma'anar "ɓarawo", saboda haka kalmar " ɗan fashi da maƙami ɗaya " don injin caca wanda zai iya barin mai caca ba tare da kuɗi ba. === Dan fashi na zamantakewa ===   "' Yan ta'adda na zamantakewa " kalma ce da ɗan tarihi Eric Hobsbawm ya ƙirƙira ta a cikin littafinsa ''na dubu daya da dari tara da hamsin da tara 1959 Primitive Rebels'', nazarin shahararrun nau'ikan juriya wanda shima ya haɗa halayen da doka ta bayyana a matsayin haramtacce. Ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa filin a cikin Nazarin 'Yan ''fashi na'' dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara 1969. Rikicin barayi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari wanda ya faru a cikin al'ummomi da yawa a cikin tarihin da aka yi rikodin, kuma har yanzu akwai nau'ikan ɓarna na zamantakewa, kamar yadda ya nuna ta hanyar fashin teku da ƙungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka . Daga baya masana kimiyyar zamantakewa sun kuma tattauna yadda ake amfani da kalmar don ƙarin nau'ikan laifuka na zamani, kamar ƙungiyoyin titi da tattalin arziƙin da ke da alaƙa da fataucin muggan kwayoyi .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2018}} == Tarihi == [[File:Dalton_Gang_memento_mori_1892.jpg|thumb|200x200px| Membobin Dalton Gang da aka nuna bayan Yaƙin Coffeyville a 1892 - hagu zuwa dama: Bill Power, Bob Dalton, Grat Dalton, da Dick Broadwell]] === Turai === ==== Lokacin Medieval ==== Paparoma Sixtus na V ya kashe kimanin yan bindiga dubu biyar 5,000 a cikin shekaru biyar kafin mutuwarsa a dubu daya da dari biyar da casa'in 1590, amma akwai ƙarin dubu ashirin da bakwai 27,000 a cikin 'yanci a duk tsakiyar Italiya. ==== Nazi Jamus ==== A cikin Nazi Jamus, koyarwar Bandenbekämpfung ("yaƙin 'yan fashi") yana nufin cewa an nuna abokan adawar jam'iyyar Nazi a matsayin "' yan fashi" - masu laifi masu haɗari waɗanda ba su cancanci la'akari da su a matsayin mutane ba. Duk wani 'yan adawa da aka kamo yawancinsu na da matsakaicin karfi da kuma, hakan yaja da tare da kisan fararen hula da suke zaune a killatattun yankunan ''partisan''. [[File:China in its region (claimed hatched).svg|thumb]] === China === ==== Kasar China ==== Banditry (Dao, qiangdao) a cikin Ming China dubu daya da dari uku da sittin da takwas zuwa dubu daya da dari shida da arbain da hudu (1368 - 1644) gwamnatin Ming ta ayyana shi a matsayin “'fashi da karfi' wanda hukuncin kisa ne”. Amma a cikin daular, mutane sun shiga aikin 'yan fashi don dalilai daban -daban kuma aikin ɗan fashi yana da ruwa kuma na ɗan lokaci. ===== '''Dalilai da Dama''' ===== Ming China galibi al'umma ce ta aikin gona kuma masu sa ido na zamani sun lura cewa yunwa da wahalar da ke biyo baya kan haifar da fashi. A cikin littafinsa na dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in da daya 1991 ''Rashin Lafiya a ƙarƙashin Sama: Rikicin gama -gari a daular Ming'', James W. Tong yana amfani da bayanai daga gazetteers na lardin da na lardin Ming da daular Qing don nazarin tsarin tashin hankali a lokacin daular Ming. Tong yayi nazarin cewa dole manoma su yi "zaɓin hankali" tsakanin tsira da mawuyacin yanayi da tsira ta hanyar ayyukan haram na 'yan fashi. Ya gano muhimman abubuwa da yawa a cikin lissafin manoma na ko su zama 'yan fashi ko a'a, kamar ikon gwamnati na hukunta' yan fashi. Tong ya kammala da cewa "ƙirar zaɓin sa mai hankali ya yi hasashen cewa za a sami ƙarin tawaye da 'yan fashi inda yuwuwar tsira da wahala ta kasance kaɗan amma yuwuwar rayuwa a matsayin mai ƙetare iyaka ce mafi girma." A sakamakon haka, Tong ya gano cewa 'yan fashi, kamar sauran nau'ikan tashin hankalin gama gari, yana da yanayin sarari da na ɗan lokaci. Yan fashi sun mamaye ko'ina a lardunan kudancin (galibi Guangdong da Fujian) da rabi na daular dubu daya da dari biyar da shida zuwa dubu daya da dari shida da arba'in da hudu (1506-1644). Koyaya, Arewacin China da tsakiyar Ming (1450 - 1525) suna da rabonsu na fashi. Bandan fashi da makami sun kasance babba da yaɗuwar ofan fashin da ke addabar hanyoyi a kusa da babban birnin Beijing da kewayenta, ana sarrafa su kuma ana kiransu da Babban Birnin. Xiangmazei ('yan fashin kibiya masu busawa) wani rukuni ne na' yan fashin da aka saka mai suna bayan aikinsu na harba kibiyoyi don fadakar da wadanda abin ya shafa. <ref name=":0" /> Itsan bindiga masu harba iska sun dami yankin Babban Birnin a cikin shekaru talatin na farko na ƙarni na sha shida. <ref name=":0" /> Sun yi irin wannan babbar barazanar cewa an ba su kulawa ta musamman ta 'yan sanda kuma rashin kama su a kan lokaci ya haifar da hukunci mai tsanani (ana iya samun ƙarin bayani kan tsarin shari'ar Ming a Tarihin shari'ar manyan laifuka) . Masanin tarihin Ming David M. Robinson ya gano wasu fitattun abubuwan da ke haifar da fashi a Yankin Babban Birnin. Yankin ya kasance talaucin aikin gona saboda ambaliyar ruwa akai -akai, don haka manoma ke rayuwa cikin talauci. Bugu da ƙari, tattalin arzikin Yankin ya ba da dama mai yawa na satar manyan hanyoyi. Baya ga bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin Beijing, Yankin ya kuma kunshi biranen kasuwanci da yawa; wadannan garuruwa ba wai kawai sun ja hankalin 'yan kasuwa ba har ma da' yan fashi. <ref name=":2" /> Har ila yau, Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa babba da yawa a Beijing sun koma yin fashi. Kamar yadda Shih-Shan Henry Tsai ya yi bayani, jefa kai kawai wata hanya ce ta kubuta daga talauci; kuma lokacin da gungun bābān ya kasa samun aikin yi a cikin gidan sarauta, sukan juya zuwa tashin hankalin jama'a. Yankin Babban Birnin kuma ya ƙunshi sojoji da yawa tare da tsarin Ming na sojoji na gado kuma babban ɓangaren 'yan fashi ainihin sojoji ne da aka girke a yankin. A shekara ta 1449, sojojin Mongoliya da ke aikin Ming sun kai hari da kwace yankin Beijing. Wani rahoto na 1489 ya tabbatar da cewa sojoji sun kai hari a lardin Henan. Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa "matsanancin matsin tattalin arziki" ya tilasta wa sojoji amfani da haramtattun hanyoyi don yin rayuwa. Hakanan, manufofi da yanayi a Yankin Babban Birnin sun ba da dama ga sojoji/'yan bindiga su guji hukuncin gwamnati. A lokacin daular Ming, an raba ikon soja da na farar hula. Wannan ya kasance abin damuwa musamman lokacin da sojoji ke zaune nesa da manyan su: lokacin da sojoji suka yi fashi, jami'an farar hula ba su da ikon kama su. <ref name="Robinson 2001 59" /> Manufar jigilar garuruwan da ke kusa zuwa Beijing don horon shekara -shekara ya kuma samar da damar yin fashi da makami. Wani jami'i ya ba da rahoton cewa sojojin da ke tafiya ta Babban Canal daga garuruwan da ke kusa da su zuwa babban birnin sun yi fashi da kisa kan matafiya da 'yan kasuwa; a kasa, wadannan sojoji sun fada cikin 'yan fashi ma. ===== '''Dabaru, ƙungiya, rayuwa, da haɗari''' ===== Dabarar yan bindiga ta ƙunshi dabarun yaƙi don amfani da makamai iri-iri, daga baka da kibiyoyi zuwa takubba. Wata muhimmiyar fasaha kuma ita ce doki/dawakai, musamman a yankin Babban Birnin Arewa, inda 'yan fashi da makami suka fi yawa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a sama, da yawan yan fashi haƙiƙanin sojoji ne kuma suna da damar yin amfani da makamai. Wata fasaha ita ce iya tura tubalan hanyoyi don tsayawa da farautar matafiya. Da zarar sun mallaki kayayyaki da karfi, sai 'yan bindiga su sayar da su. Wani rahoton hukuma na 1485 ya bayyana cewa mutanen yankin, wataƙila wasu suna aiki a zaman shinge (duba Fences a Ming China ), sun sayi dabbobin da aka sata da kayayyaki daga 'yan fashin manyan hanyoyi a farashi mai rahusa. Robinson ya ci gaba da nuna cewa "[cibiyar sadarwa] mai tartsatsi don zubar da garuruwan da aka sace da aka haɗa" a cikin Babban Birnin zuwa lardunan da ke kusa. <ref name=":5" /> Aikinsa ko asalin ɗan fashi ya kasance na dindin. Wasu 'yan fashi a zahiri sun sami kwanciyar hankali har ma sun yi aure. ''Veritable Records of the Ming Daular Ming ya'' ba da labarin cewa babban ɗan fashin nan Zhang Mao yana zaune a cikin wani babban gida a garin Wenan. Hakazalika, abokan Zhang Liu Brothers da Tiger Yang suna da mata da yara. 'Yan ta'adda galibi suna yin aiki a ƙungiyoyi a ƙarƙashin shugabanni ɗaya ko fiye. Waɗannan shuwagabannin masu kwarjini ba ƙwararru ba ne kawai wajen faɗa da hawa amma kuma sun mallaki jari da jari. Daya daga cikin jagororin abin koyi shine Zhang Mao na Wenan. Ya tara dimbin mabiya kuma ta hanyar amfani da alaƙar sa da dukiyar sa, ya sami damar cin hanci da yin mu'amala da manyan fāda a kotun. Tabbas, gwamnatin Ming ta yi amfani da hannu mai ƙarfi don murƙushe 'yan fashi. Kwamandoji da 'yan sanda na cikin gida ne ke da alhakin cafke' yan fashi, amma sarakuna kan aika da naurar musamman don shawo kan matsalar 'yan fashi. Ning Gao yana daya daga cikin masu tace 1509, kuma ya yi amfani da munanan hanyoyi kamar nuna kawunan da aka yanke da sassan jiki don kashe 'yan fashin da ke akwai da kuma tsoratar da wadanda za su iya. Ban da tserewa zuwa filaye masu wahala, 'yan fashi masu ƙarfi sun yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar su da manyan mutane a babban birnin don tattauna lafiya. A wani lokaci, mashahurin marubuci Zhang Zhong ya taimaki ɗan'uwansa da aka rantsar Zhang Mao don tattaunawa da kwamandan da aka aika don farautar 'yan fashin. Koyaya, irin wannan tallafin bai bada garantin rigakafi ba. Wani jami'i mai tasiri da ƙuduri, wanda manyan masu fada aji ko fadawa ke ba da karfi, na iya yin babbar barazana ga rayuwar 'yan fashi. Ta hanyar kai farmaki mai kyau, Ning Gao, abokin hulɗar wani babban mashahurin Liu Jin, ya sami nasarar raunata kuma ya kama Zhang Mao, wanda daga nan aka kai shi Beijing aka kashe shi. ===== '''Hanyoyin 'yan Fashi a nan Gaba''' ===== Duk da cewa 'yan fashin sun fuskanci hukuncin kisa, har yanzu ana iya sanya su cikin tsarin mulki, suna aiki a matsayin' yan sanda na gida da sojoji na sirri da jami'ai ke aiki da su don samun tsari da murkushe 'yan fashi. Irin wannan canjin ba na dindindin bane kuma ana iya juyawa sau da yawa. Tiger Yang ya taɓa yin hidimar soja na sirri na Ning Gao da aka ambata kafin ya koma ɗan fashi; Hakazalika, lokacin da ake fuskantar rashin aikin yi, wasu daga cikin tsoffin 'yan fashi na Ning sun shiga cikin shugabannin' yan fashi Liu Brothers. Aikin bandit yan ta'adda sau da yawa yakan jagoranci shugabanni don tara ƙarin yan fashi da yan gudun hijira da tsara kananan ƙungiyoyin farauta cikin ƙungiyoyin tawaye. Misali ɗaya shine Gao Yingxiang, wanda ya fara zama ɗan fashi a Shaanxi kuma daga baya ya zama babban jagoran 'yan tawaye a ƙarshen Ming. Wani misalin zai kasance Deng Maoqi, ɗan fashi a Fujian wanda ya yi fashi a kan hanyoyi da ƙauyuka a ƙarshen 1440s. Gangan ƙungiyarsa ta yan ta'adda sun girma zuwa rundunar 'yan tawaye kuma Deng ya kai hari kan gwamnati a Fujian. <ref name=":1" /> 'Yan tawayen' yan ta'adda ba kowa bane a ƙarshen Ming. A cikin dubu daya da dari biyar da goma 1510 da 1511, ƙungiyoyin 'yan fashi da yawa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Liu Brothers, Tiger Yang sun kai farmaki Shandong da Henan. Ayyukansu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sun haifar da tawaye a bayyane ga Daular Ming yayin da suka mamaye biranen da ba a san su ba, suka kwace makamai na masarautar, faɗaɗa yankin aiki zuwa kudu, har ma sun ɗauki maganganu da suturar daular sarauta. Tawayen ya ɗauki Ming kusan shekaru biyu don murkushe. Hakazalika, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin 'yan fashi na cikin gida na iya ƙarasa shiga cikin manyan kungiyoyin' yan tawaye. Robinson ya yi nuni da cewa a bayyane 'yan fashi sun fahimci fa'idar tallafawa yan tawaye amma kuma za a iya kore su su shiga; a sakamakon haka, 'yan tawayen na 1510 sun ja hankalin' yan fashi da yawa na cikin gida yayin da suke tafiya daga wannan wuri zuwa wani. Yawon sace-sacen yan fashi yana daya daga cikin halayen da manoma suka saba gani na zalunci da wahala. A farkon Jamhuriyyar China, haɓakar rundunonin mayaƙan yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Mulki shima yana tare da ƙaruwa mai yawa na ayyukan 'yan fashi da ke amfani da rashin bin doka. Ya zuwa shekarar 1930, an kiyasta jimillar yawan ‘yan fashi miliyan 20. == Duba kuma == * Bagaudae, 'yan fashi a kusa da Pyrenees a Daular Roma * 'Yan fashi a Chile * Hajduks, 'yan fashi a yankin Balkan * 'Yan bindigar Sardiniya * Dacoity, kalmar Hindi don fashi * Fence, yana taimaka wa 'yan fashi sayar da kayan da aka sace.  ==Manazarta== ncnx9meejctdz1wli0sopd1fc8o7l85 0 24418 966830 955652 2026-10-12T13:47:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:JoJo 2015 I Am JoJo Tour.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[Fayil:JoJo Moulin Rouge portrait.png|thumb|JoJo]] '''Joanna Noëlle Levesque.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Messer|first1=Lesley|title=Why Singer JoJo Would Never Go By Her Real Name|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/singer-jojo-real/story?id=23013081|publisher=ABC News|access-date=January 5, 2015}}</ref>''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, 1990 '''),''' ta kasan ce wacce akafi sani da '''JoJo''', mawaƙiyar Ba'amurke ce, mawaƙa, kuma yar wasan kwaikwayo. An haife ta a Foxborough, Massachusetts, ta fara yin wasannin gasa da waƙoƙin gwaninta na gida tun tana ƙarami. A cikin shekarar 2003, mai yin rikodin Vincent Herbert ya lura da ita bayan ta fafata a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin ''na Mafi kyawun Yara na Amurka'' kuma ya nemi ta yi bincike don lakabin rikodin ta Blackground Records . Bayan sanya hannu tare da su a waccan shekarar, JoJo ta fito da sabon kundin studio ɗin ta na farko a shekara mai zuwa a watan Yunin shekarata 2004. Ya kai lamba huɗu a kan Billboard 200 na Amurka kuma daga baya Associationungiyar Ma'aikata ta Rikodi ta Amurka (RIAA) ta ba da tabbacin platinum, ta sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan huɗu a duk duniya har zuwa yau.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://press.warnerrecords.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JoJo-Joanna-Press-Release.docx|title=JoJo Begins a New Chapter with "Joanna"|last=Roberts|first=Ceri|date=October 11, 2019|work=Warner Records|access-date=November 25, 2019|archive-date=November 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103163329/http://press.warnerrecords.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JoJo-Joanna-Press-Release.docx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:JoJo (23483451574).jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[File:Jojo Moyes.jpg|thumb]] Tare da fitowar ta ta farko " Bar (Fita) " wanda ke kan saman ''jerin'' waƙoƙin Billboard Pop na Amurka, JoJo ya zama ƙaramin mawaƙin solo a cikin tarihi don saman ginshiƙi yana da shekaru 13. Waƙar ta kai 12 a kan Hot 100 kuma RIAA ta ba da lambar zinariya tare da mai biye da ita " Baby It You.<ref>{{cite web|title=JoJo|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/304749/jojo/chart?sort=position&f=379|work=Billboard|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-date=September 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908075421/http://www.billboard.com/artist/304749/jojo/chart?sort=position&f=379|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS|title=Gold & Platinum – January 01, 2011|publisher=RIAA|access-date=October 17, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820142502/http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS|archive-date=August 20, 2010|df=mdy}}</ref> Kundin studio na biyu ''Babban Hanya'' (2006) ya haifar da ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na farko a saman "Too Little Too Late ", wanda ya hau lamba uku, ya zama farkonta na farko da RIAA ta sami shaidar platinum. Daga baya an tabbatar da kundin zinare, yana siyar da kwafi sama da miliyan uku a duk duniya har zuwa yau. Rikodin lakabin rikodin ya jinkirta JoJo daga kasuwanci ta saki kundin ɗakin studio na uku; ta saki biyu mixtapes da kansa, ''Ba za a iya Take Away daga gare Ni'' (2010) da kuma ''Agápē'' (2012).<ref name="rap-upAG2">{{cite news|title=New Music: JoJo – Agápē [Mixtape]|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2012/12/18/new-music-jojo-agape-mixtape/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=December 18, 2012|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418133224/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/12/18/new-music-jojo-agape-mixtape/|archive-date=April 18, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rap-upCM2">{{cite news|title=Mixtape Premiere: JoJo – "Can't Take That Away From Me"|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/07/mixtape-premiere-jojo-cant-take-that-away-from-me/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114021909/https://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/07/mixtape-premiere-jojo-cant-take-that-away-from-me/|archive-date=January 14, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan sakin kwangilar ta, JoJo ya rattaba hannu tare da Rikodin Atlantic a cikin 2014 kuma ya fitar da wasanninta na farko na tsawaita wasan ''III.'' (2015) kafin kundinta na studio na uku ''Mad Love'' (2016) a ƙarshe ya zama kayan aiki, ya zama kundi na uku mafi girma a saman Billboard 200 . JoJo ta bar Atlantika a shekara mai zuwa kuma ta kafa lambar rikodin ta Clover Music ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Warner Records, inda ta sake yin rikodi kuma ta sake fitar da halarta na farko da kundi na biyu a matsayin aikin farko na lakabin a watan Disamban shekarar 2018.<ref name="RapAtlantic2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Released from Blackground, Signs with Atlantic Records|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2014/01/14/jojo-released-from-blackground-signs-with-atlantic-records/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=January 14, 2014|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205220/https://www.rap-up.com/2014/01/14/jojo-released-from-blackground-signs-with-atlantic-records/|archive-date=July 6, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RapClover2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Released from Blackground, Signs with Atlantic Records|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2017/08/18/jojo-signs-to-interscope-launches-clover-music-imprint/amp/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=August 18, 2017|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425191253/https://www.rap-up.com/2017/08/18/jojo-signs-to-interscope-launches-clover-music-imprint/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RapRerelease2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Rereleases Her First Two Albums|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2018/12/20/jojo-re-releases-first-two-albums/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=December 20, 2018|access-date=January 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175959/https://www.rap-up.com/2018/12/20/jojo-re-releases-first-two-albums/|archive-date=July 18, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kundin studio na huɗu na JoJo mai ''kyau don sani'' an sake shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2020, kuma ya sami ingantattun bita. Waƙar ta farko, " Mutum ", an sake ta a cikin Maris 2020. Bayan wannan kundi, JoJo ta fitar da kundi na Kirsimeti na farko da ake kira ''Disamba Baby'' a watan Oktoba 2020. [[File:JoJo 2011.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[Fayil:JoJo 5.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] Baya ga sana'arta ta kiɗa, JoJo ta kuma bi aikin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin shekarar 2006, ta yi fim ɗin fim ɗin ta na farko a cikin ''Aquamarine'' da ''RV'' tare da Robin Williams. Ta kuma yi baƙo na baƙo a cikin shirye -shiryen talabijin da yawa da suka fara da ''The Bernie Mac Show'' (2002), ''Mafarkin Amurka'' (2004), ''Romeo!'' (2006), ''Hawaii Five-0'' (2011) da ''Mummunan Makami'' (2017). Sauran fina -finan da JoJo ya fito a ciki sun haɗa da Fim ɗin Rayuwa na Gidan Talabijin ''na Gaskiya na Hollywood Starlet'' (2008) da ''GBF'' (2013). == Duba kuma == * Jerin waƙoƙin da JoJo ya rubuta * JoJo bidiyo * Jerin rangadin kide -kide na JoJo * Jerin mutane tare da sunayen da aka rage * Clover Music == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb name|1685658|JoJo}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata Mawaka]] 2wk2t3a9zpqt4fmp6ocj4se6gf6tp43 966831 966830 2026-10-12T13:47:45Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v3.1.1s 966831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:JoJo 2015 I Am JoJo Tour.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[Fayil:JoJo Moulin Rouge portrait.png|thumb|JoJo]] '''Joanna Noëlle Levesque.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Messer|first1=Lesley|title=Why Singer JoJo Would Never Go By Her Real Name|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/singer-jojo-real/story?id=23013081|publisher=ABC News|access-date=January 5, 2015}}</ref>''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, 1990 '''),''' ta kasan ce wacce akafi sani da '''JoJo''', mawaƙiyar Ba'amurke ce, mawaƙa, kuma yar wasan kwaikwayo. An haife ta a Foxborough, Massachusetts, ta fara yin wasannin gasa da waƙoƙin gwaninta na gida tun tana ƙarami. A cikin shekarar 2003, mai yin rikodin Vincent Herbert ya lura da ita bayan ta fafata a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin ''na Mafi kyawun Yara na Amurka'' kuma ya nemi ta yi bincike don lakabin rikodin ta Blackground Records . Bayan sanya hannu tare da su a waccan shekarar, JoJo ta fito da sabon kundin studio ɗin ta na farko a shekara mai zuwa a watan Yunin shekarata 2004. Ya kai lamba huɗu a kan Billboard 200 na Amurka kuma daga baya Associationungiyar Ma'aikata ta Rikodi ta Amurka (RIAA) ta ba da tabbacin platinum, ta sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan huɗu a duk duniya har zuwa yau.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://press.warnerrecords.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JoJo-Joanna-Press-Release.docx|title=JoJo Begins a New Chapter with "Joanna"|last=Roberts|first=Ceri|date=October 11, 2019|work=Warner Records|access-date=November 25, 2019|archive-date=November 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103163329/http://press.warnerrecords.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/JoJo-Joanna-Press-Release.docx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:JoJo (23483451574).jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[File:Jojo Moyes.jpg|thumb]] Tare da fitowar ta ta farko " Bar (Fita) " wanda ke kan saman ''jerin'' waƙoƙin Billboard Pop na Amurka, JoJo ya zama ƙaramin mawaƙin solo a cikin tarihi don saman ginshiƙi yana da shekaru 13. Waƙar ta kai 12 a kan Hot 100 kuma RIAA ta ba da lambar zinariya tare da mai biye da ita " Baby It You.<ref>{{cite web|title=JoJo|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/304749/jojo/chart?sort=position&f=379|work=Billboard|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-date=September 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908075421/http://www.billboard.com/artist/304749/jojo/chart?sort=position&f=379|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS|title=Gold & Platinum – January 01, 2011|publisher=RIAA|access-date=October 17, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820142502/http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS|archive-date=August 20, 2010|df=mdy}}</ref> Kundin studio na biyu ''Babban Hanya'' (2006) ya haifar da ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na farko a saman "Too Little Too Late ", wanda ya hau lamba uku, ya zama farkonta na farko da RIAA ta sami shaidar platinum. Daga baya an tabbatar da kundin zinare, yana siyar da kwafi sama da miliyan uku a duk duniya har zuwa yau. Rikodin lakabin rikodin ya jinkirta JoJo daga kasuwanci ta saki kundin ɗakin studio na uku; ta saki biyu mixtapes da kansa, ''Ba za a iya Take Away daga gare Ni'' (2010) da kuma ''Agápē'' (2012).<ref name="rap-upAG2">{{cite news|title=New Music: JoJo – Agápē [Mixtape]|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2012/12/18/new-music-jojo-agape-mixtape/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=December 18, 2012|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418133224/https://www.rap-up.com/2012/12/18/new-music-jojo-agape-mixtape/|archive-date=April 18, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rap-upCM2">{{cite news|title=Mixtape Premiere: JoJo – "Can't Take That Away From Me"|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/07/mixtape-premiere-jojo-cant-take-that-away-from-me/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=September 7, 2010|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114021909/https://www.rap-up.com/2010/09/07/mixtape-premiere-jojo-cant-take-that-away-from-me/|archive-date=January 14, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan sakin kwangilar ta, JoJo ya rattaba hannu tare da Rikodin Atlantic a cikin 2014 kuma ya fitar da wasanninta na farko na tsawaita wasan ''III.'' (2015) kafin kundinta na studio na uku ''Mad Love'' (2016) a ƙarshe ya zama kayan aiki, ya zama kundi na uku mafi girma a saman Billboard 200 . JoJo ta bar Atlantika a shekara mai zuwa kuma ta kafa lambar rikodin ta Clover Music ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Warner Records, inda ta sake yin rikodi kuma ta sake fitar da halarta na farko da kundi na biyu a matsayin aikin farko na lakabin a watan Disamban shekarar 2018.<ref name="RapAtlantic2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Released from Blackground, Signs with Atlantic Records|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2014/01/14/jojo-released-from-blackground-signs-with-atlantic-records/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=January 14, 2014|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205220/https://www.rap-up.com/2014/01/14/jojo-released-from-blackground-signs-with-atlantic-records/|archive-date=July 6, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RapClover2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Released from Blackground, Signs with Atlantic Records|url=https://www.revolt.tv/category/rap-up/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=August 18, 2017|access-date=January 18, 2018|archive-date=April 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425191253/https://www.rap-up.com/2017/08/18/jojo-signs-to-interscope-launches-clover-music-imprint/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RapRerelease2">{{cite news|title=JoJo Rereleases Her First Two Albums|url=https://www.rap-up.com/2018/12/20/jojo-re-releases-first-two-albums/|publisher=Rap-Up.com|date=December 20, 2018|access-date=January 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175959/https://www.rap-up.com/2018/12/20/jojo-re-releases-first-two-albums/|archive-date=July 18, 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kundin studio na huɗu na JoJo mai ''kyau don sani'' an sake shi a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2020, kuma ya sami ingantattun bita. Waƙar ta farko, " Mutum ", an sake ta a cikin Maris 2020. Bayan wannan kundi, JoJo ta fitar da kundi na Kirsimeti na farko da ake kira ''Disamba Baby'' a watan Oktoba 2020. [[File:JoJo 2011.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] [[Fayil:JoJo 5.jpg|thumb|JoJo]] Baya ga sana'arta ta kiɗa, JoJo ta kuma bi aikin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin shekarar 2006, ta yi fim ɗin fim ɗin ta na farko a cikin ''Aquamarine'' da ''RV'' tare da Robin Williams. Ta kuma yi baƙo na baƙo a cikin shirye -shiryen talabijin da yawa da suka fara da ''The Bernie Mac Show'' (2002), ''Mafarkin Amurka'' (2004), ''Romeo!'' (2006), ''Hawaii Five-0'' (2011) da ''Mummunan Makami'' (2017). Sauran fina -finan da JoJo ya fito a ciki sun haɗa da Fim ɗin Rayuwa na Gidan Talabijin ''na Gaskiya na Hollywood Starlet'' (2008) da ''GBF'' (2013). == Duba kuma == * Jerin waƙoƙin da JoJo ya rubuta * JoJo bidiyo * Jerin rangadin kide -kide na JoJo * Jerin mutane tare da sunayen da aka rage * Clover Music == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb name|1685658|JoJo}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Mata Mawaka]] n22fqfun6fo9hj0bfbejfi3hqrg6ynf 0 27549 966848 619400 2026-10-12T14:30:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''John Chukwu''' (1947 -1990) ɗan wasan barkwanci ne na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma sanƙira wanda aka san shi a matsayin majagaba na wasan barkwanci a Najeriya<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Obiozo|first=Okey|date=November 19, 2019|title=John Chukwu: Reminiscence of a legendary showbiz impresario – Prime Pointers|url=http://primepointers.com/2019/11/19/john-chukwu-reminiscence-of-a-legendary-showbiz-impresario/|access-date=2020-06-30|language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ya shahara da iyawa a masana'antar nishaɗi. A cikin shekarun 1970, ya yi tauraro a cikin [[Ola Balogun]] 's, ''Amadi''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-09|title=The metamorphosis of Nigerian comedy and DStv as a platform for exposure|url=https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/the-metamorphosis-of-nigerian-comedy-and-dstv-as-a-platform-for-exposure/|access-date=2020-06-30|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma fim ɗin Jab Adu wanda ya ba da umarni, ''Bisi, 'Yar Kogin'' kuma ya kasance compere a tashar NTA 10's, ''The Bar Beach Show''.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fosudo|first=Sola|date=2010|title=Stand-Up Comedy as Popular Art and Theatrical Entertainment in Nigeria|url=https://www.lasu.edu.ng/publications/arts/olusola_fosudo_ja_09.pdf|journal=Ibadan Journal of Theatre Arts|access-date=2021-11-26|archive-date=2020-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703123512/https://www.lasu.edu.ng/publications/arts/olusola_fosudo_ja_09.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 1980s, ya shiga cikin wasan barkwanci da kuma ɗaukar nauyi. An haifi Chukwu a jihar [[Edo|Edo ta]] yanzu kuma ga iyalan Emmanuel Chukwu Ochei, mai gadi a sashin gandun daji. Chukwu wanda dan kabilar Igbo ne ya yi balagagge a Legas.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Oti|first=Sonny|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/466334189|title=Highlife music in West Africa : down memory lane--|date=2009|publisher=Malthouse Press|isbn=978-978-8422-08-2|location=Lagos, Nigeria|pages=28-29|oclc=466334189}}</ref> Kafin ya yi sana'ar nuni, Chukwu ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin Laburare na Kwalejin King. Bayan ya shiga masana'antar nishadi, ya kasance mai gabatarwa a shirin rediyon nA Join the Bandwagon on [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|FRCN]], Ikoyi A tsakanin shekarar 1975 zuwa 1978, ya fito a cikin fim din Amadi a matsayin fitaccen jarumin fim din Ola Balogun, kuma a shekarar 1977, ya kasance ''jarumin Bisi, 'yar Kogi'' tare da [[Patti Boulaye]] . Chukwu ya kuma buga a matsayin deejay yana aiki a Club Chicago da Hots Spot. A cikin 1980s, ya kafa a kulob nasa, Klass Nite Club, inda ya yi salon wasan barkwanci ga masu sauraro, ya gudanar da wurin har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1990. == Magana == [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Fim]] swxn6968zipafkvgvewvohtxz3divwl 0 27791 967092 964679 2026-10-13T10:15:41Z Zaujeel khair 49197 967092 wikitext text/x-wiki    Wani ''''''ɗan kasuwa'''''', wanda kuma ake kira dan kasuwa ko '''<nowiki/>'yar kasuwa''', mutum ne wanda ya kafa, ya samar, ko kuma yana da hannun jari a (ciki har da mala'ika mai saka hannun jari) kamfani mai zaman kansa. [dubious - tattauna] Wani dan kasuwa yana gudanar da ayyuka (kasuwanci ko masana'antu) don samar da kwararar kuɗi, tallace-tallace, da kudaden shiga ta hanyar amfani da haɗuwa da mutum, kudi, ilimi, da kuma kayan aiki na zahiri don bunkasa tattalin arziki da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=businessman |url=http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202202231/http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/businessman.html |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=6 July 2018 |publisher=WebFinance Inc. |quote=businessman[:] A person who is employed by an organization or company. Businessmen are often associated with white collar jobs. In order to avoid sexism or the perpetuation of stereotypes, the term "businessperson" is often used. The term "businesswoman" is less commonly used.}}</ref>  == Tarihi == === Lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya: Hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa === 'Yan kasuwa sun fito ne a matsayin zamantakewar al'umma a Italiya ta zamani. Tsakanin 1300 da 1500, an kirkiro lissafin zamani, lissafin musayar, da iyakantaccen alhakin, kuma ta haka ne, duniya ta ga "masu banki na gaskiya na farko", waɗanda tabbas 'yan kasuwa ne. [yana buƙatar ambaton don tabbatarwa]  A lokaci guda, Turai ta ga "fitowar 'yan kasuwa masu arziki".Wannan "hawan ajiyar 'yan kasuwa" ya zo ne a matsayin Turai "ta buƙaci matsakaici" a karon farko, kuma waɗannan "burghers" ko "bourgeois" su ne mutanen da suka taka wannan rawar. === Renaissance zuwa Haskakawa: Tashin jari-hujja === [[Turai]] ta zama babbar Ikon kasuwanci na duniya a karni na 16, kuma yayin da Turawa suka haɓaka sabbin kayan aiki don kasuwanci, sababbin nau'ikan "mutane na kasuwanci" sun fara amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin. A wannan lokacin, Turai ta haɓaka kuma ta yi amfani da Kudin takarda, takardun shaida, da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa (da hannun jarin su na hannun jari). Ci gaban da aka samu a kimiyyar lissafi da kuma rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da inshora. Tare, da sabon nau'in ɗan kasuwa, mai [[jari-hujja]] ya yi amfani da waɗannan sabbin kayan aiki. Wadannan mutane sun mallaki ko kuma sun ba da kuɗi ga kasuwanci a matsayin masu saka hannun jari, amma ba 'yan kasuwa ba ne. Wadannan masu jari-hujja sun kasance babbar karfi a [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2008 |title=Industrial Revolution Definition: History, Pros, and Cons |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-revolution.asp#:~:text=The%20industrial%20revolution%20developed%20in,to%20increase%20output%20and%20profitability. |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Investopedia |language=en}}</ref> The Oxford English Dictionary ya ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "masu kasuwanci" a cikin 1798, da kuma "masu kasuwa" a cikin 1803. A shekara ta 1860, rubutun "masu kasuwanci" ya fito. Merriam Webster ta ba da rahoton farkon amfani da kalmar "mace mai kasuwanci" a cikin 1827. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of "businesswoman" |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/businesswoman#:~:text=first%20known,above |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Merriam-Webster}}</ref> === Lokaci na zamani: Tashin mashahurin kasuwanci === [[File:Frank-carr-businessperson-common-history.jpg|thumb|Frank Carr c. 1965]] [[File:Hunter_Biden_poses_with_Jonathan_Li,_Joe_Biden,_and_Ming_Xue_in_China,_2013.jpg|thumb|Hunter Biden da [[Joe Biden]] a kasar Sin tare da Shugaba da abokan hulɗa na BHR, 2013 <ref name="Cohen 2024">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Marshall |date=2024-12-28 |title=Newly released pictures show Joe Biden meeting Hunter Biden's Chinese business partners |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/28/politics/hunter-biden-joe-biden-business-partners-photos |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref>]] Sabon nau'in zartarwa na kamfanoni da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin babban dan kasuwa shine manajan. Ɗaya daga cikin masu kafa gaskiya na farko na sana'ar gudanarwa shine Robert Owen (1771-1858). Ya kuma kasance Mashahurin dan kasuwanci a Scotland . Ya yi nazarin "matsalar yawan aiki da motsawa", kuma Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), wanda shine mutum na farko da ya yi nazarin aiki tare da dalilin horar da ma'aikatan a fagen gudanarwa don sanya su ingantattun manajoji da za su iya gudanar da kasuwancinsa. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]], gudanarwa ya zama sananne saboda misalin Herbert Hoover da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, wanda ya ba da digiri a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci (management) tare da dalili don haɓaka ingantaccen manajoji don manyan kasuwancin su iya hayar su tare da burin haɓaka yawan aiki na manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. == Albashi == Albashi ga 'yan kasuwa ya bambanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business and Financial Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm |access-date=18 September 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Occupations |url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/ |access-date=18 October 2015 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor |language=en-us}}</ref> Albashi na 'yan kasuwa na iya kaiwa dala Biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara. Misali, mai mallakar [[Microsoft]], [[Bill Gates]] yana samun dala biliyan 4 a kowace shekara. &nbsp;Babban albashi da 'yan kasuwa ke samu sau da yawa ya kasance tushen zargi daga mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa ana biyan su da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavett |first=Gretchen |date=23 September 2014 |title=CEOs Get Paid Too Much |url=https://hbr.org/2014/09/ceos-get-paid-too-much-according-to-pretty-much-everyone-in-the-world/ |journal=Harvard Business Review |access-date=18 September 2015}}</ref> == Kasuwanci == Wani dan kasuwa mutum ne wanda ya kafa kasuwanci ko kasuwanci da yawa (masu kasuwanci). Ana iya bayyana Kasuwanci a matsayin halitta ko cire darajar tattalin arziki. Gabaɗaya ana tunanin yana rungumar haɗari fiye da abin da aka saba fuskanta wajen fara kasuwanci. Dalilin sa na iya haɗawa da wasu dabi'u fiye da na tattalin arziki kawai.<ref name="Investopedia 2006">{{Cite web |date=2006-05-01 |title=Entrepreneur: What It Means to Be One and How to Get Started |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/entrepreneur.asp |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Investopedia}}</ref><ref name="Stanford Online 2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=What is entrepreneurship? |url=https://online.stanford.edu/what-is-entrepreneurship |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Stanford Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Starting a Business {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/finance/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/starting-business |access-date=5 December 2021 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A cikin amfani gabaɗaya, saboda bambancin ba a bayyana ba, ana iya amfani da kalmar 'masu kasuwanci' a matsayin (kai-) ingantawa ga 'masu kasuwa', ko kuma yana iya aiki don nuna ainihin sha'awa da haɗari a fagen kasuwanci. Duk da haka, bambancin yana da digiri ɗaya kawai. <ref name="Define Business Terms 2023">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=Difference between businessman and entrepreneur |url=https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=Define Business Terms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324053830/https://www.definebusinessterms.com/difference-between-businessman-and-entrepreneur/ |archive-date=2023-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Gritti Fund 2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-21 |title=The Difference Between An Industrialist, Businessman And An Entrepreneur |url=https://thegrittifund.com/entrepreneurship-definition/difference-industrialist-businessman-entrepreneur/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Gritti Fund}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Mashahurin kasuwanci * [[Ginin Daji|Kasuwanci]] * Dan kasuwa * Mai watsa labarai * Kamfanin * Mai Albashi * Ma'aikacin fararen ƙira * Mata a cikin kasuwanci ** Ahaha {{Clear}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == ion1x5cuzl2wdcrj2buk3b4ufxppef0 0 31351 967109 906349 2026-10-13T11:46:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Blood_donation_at_Mbarara_University,_Uganda.jpg |thumb|Wata budurwa na bayar da gudummawar jini a Jami'ar Mbarara, Uganda]] [[File:Patients_at_Apac_hospital.png|right|thumb|300x300px| Majinyatan Ugandan a Sashen Marasa lafiya na Asibitin Apac da ke arewacin [[Uganda]].<ref name="Life expectancy">{{Cite web|title=Life expectancy|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy|access-date=2021-09-09|website=Our World in Data}}</ref> Yawancin iyaye mata ne na yara ƴan ƙasa da shekaru biyar masu fama da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] .]] [[File:Life_expectancy_in_Uganda.svg|thumb|300x300px| Ci gaban tsawon rai a Uganda]] '''Kiwon lafiya a Uganda''' yana nufin [https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution lafiyar] al'ummar kasar [[Uganda]]. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwa a lokacin haihuwar Uganda ya karu daga shekaru 59.9 a cikin shekarar (2013). zuwa shekaru 63.4 a cikin shekarar (2019).<ref>{{cite web | title=WHO - Uganda | url=https://www.who.int/countries/uga/en/ | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=The World Bank | publisher=[[The World Bank]] | date=2013 | access-date=16 October 2016 | url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN | title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | location=Washington, D. C.}}</ref> Wannan ya yi ƙasa da na kowace ƙasa a cikin ƙasashen gabashin [[Afirka]] in ban da kasar [[Burundi]].<ref name="Life expectancy" /> Tun daga shekarar (2017). mata suna da tsawon rai fiye da takwarorinsu na maza na 69.2 da 62.3.<ref name="Life expectancy/> ya yi ƙasa da na kowace ƙasa a cikin Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka in banda Burundi..<ref name="Life expectancy"/><ref>{{cite web | title=WHO - Uganda | url=https://www.who.int/countries/uga/en/ | publisher=World Health Organization | access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | author=The World Bank | publisher=[[The World Bank]] | date=2013 | access-date=16 October 2016 | url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN | title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) | location=Washington, D. C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vollset|first1=Stein Emil|last2=Goren|first2=Emily|last3=Yuan|first3=Chun-Wei|last4=Cao|first4=Jackie|last5=Smith|first5=Amanda E|last6=Hsiao|first6=Thomas|last7=Bisignano|first7=Catherine|last8=Azhar|first8=Gulrez S|last9=Castro|first9=Emma|last10=Chalek|first10=Julian|last11=Dolgert|first11=Andrew J|date=October 2020|title=Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|issue=10258|pages=1285–1306|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30677-2|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7561721|pmid=32679112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-09|title=Uganda|url=http://www.healthdata.org/uganda|access-date=2021-09-09|website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vollset|first1=Stein Emil|last2=Goren|first2=Emily|last3=Yuan|first3=Chun-Wei|last4=Cao|first4=Jackie|last5=Smith|first5=Amanda E|last6=Hsiao|first6=Thomas|last7=Bisignano|first7=Catherine|last8=Azhar|first8=Gulrez S|last9=Castro|first9=Emma|last10=Chalek|first10=Julian|last11=Dolgert|first11=Andrew J|date=October 2020|title=Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2|journal=The Lancet|volume=396|issue=10258|pages=1285–1306|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30677-2|issn=0140-6736|pmc=7561721|pmid=32679112}}</ref> This An yi ƙiyasin cewa nan da 2100, maza a Uganda za su yi tsammanin 74.5, mata 83.3.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|title=Uganda - total population 2016-2026|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/447679/total-population-of-uganda/|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Statista|language=en}}</ref> Yawan jama'ar Uganda ya karu a hankali daga miliyan 36.56 a shekarar 2016 zuwa kiyasin 42.46 a shekarar 2021.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Gapminder Tools|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$model$markers$bubble$encoding$y$data$concept=children_per_woman_total_fertility&space@=country&=time;;&scale$domain:null&zoomed:null&type:null;;&trail$data$filter$markers$uga=1800;;;;;;;;&chart-type=bubbles&url=v1|access-date=2021-09-11|website=www.gapminder.org|language=en}}</ref> Yawan haihuwa na matan Uganda ya dan karu daga matsakaita na jarirai 6.89 kowace mace a cikin shekarun (1950). zuwa kusan 7.12 a cikin shekarun (1970). kafin ya ragu zuwa ƙiyasin jarirai 5.32 a shekarar 2019.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2019/2019-UNAIDS-data|title=UNAIDS Data 2019|date=2019|publisher=UNAIDS|page=66|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> Wannan adadi ya zarce mafi yawan yankunan duniya da suka hada da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka, [[Turai]] da [[Tsakiyar Asiya]] da [[Amurka]].<ref name=":7" /> Adadin [https://knoema.com/atlas/Uganda/topics/Health/Health-Status/Under-5-mortality-rate mace-mace-ƙasa da 5] na Uganda ya ragu daga mutuwar 191 a cikin 1000 masu rai a cikin (1970). zuwa mutuwar 45.8 a cikin 1000 masu rai a cikin shekarar (2019). Jimlar kashe kuɗin kiwon lafiya a matsayin kashi na jimlar kayan cikin gida (GDP) ya kasance kashi 7.2 cikin ɗari a cikin shekarar 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Uganda Under-5 mortality rate, 1960-2020 - knoema.com|url=https://knoema.com//atlas/Uganda/topics/Health/Health-Status/Under-5-mortality-rate|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Knoema|language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2018, an ƙiyasta mutane miliyan 1.4 a Uganda sun kamu da cutar ƙanjamau, kuma adadin cutar kanjamau a cikin ƙasar ya kai kashi 5.7 cikin ɗari.<ref name=":0" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, wannan adadin ya karu zuwa kiyasin mutane miliyan daya da rabi da ke dauke da cutar ƙanjamau.<ref>{{cite web | author=The World Bank | date=2015 | url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS | title=Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)| publisher=[[The World Bank]] | location=Washington, D. C. | access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> Uganda ta samu ci gaba sosai wajen shawo kan cutar yayin da 1.3 na mutanen da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar ƙanjamau sun san halinsu kuma miliyan 1.2 tuni ke kan kulawa.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|title=Uganda|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/keywords/uganda|access-date=2021-09-15|website=www.unaids.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":16"/> == Ayyukan jiki == Uganda ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan kuzari a duniya a cikin 2018 a cewar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]]. Kashi 5.5% na mutanen Uganda ba sa cimma mintuna 150 na matsakaita-zuwa mai tsanani ko mintuna 75 na aiki mai tsauri a kowane mako. Yawancin aiki har yanzu jiki ne sosai, kuma yin tafiya ta abin hawa ya fi karfin yawancin jama'a. Kampala, duk da haka, ba ta da abokantaka wajen tafiya ko keke, kuma iskar ta ƙazantu sosai. Hukumar babban birnin Kampala ta kafa layin farko na zagayowar ƙasar—mita 500 a Kololo—a cikin shekarar 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why Uganda is the 'world's fittest country' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-45496654 |access-date=15 September 2018 |publisher=BBC |date=15 September 2018}}</ref> == Cututtuka da jiyya na kowa == [[File:Health_in_Uganda.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Marasa lafiya a Uganda]] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2016, abubuwa biyar da ke haddasa mace-mace a Uganda sun hada da cututtuka masu yaɗuwa kamar su [[Kanjamau|HIV/AIDS]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], cututtuka na numfashi, da [[gudawa]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2017 | url=http://www.healthdata.org/uganda |access-date=24 August 2018 |publisher=Healthdata.org |author=Healthdata.org |title=Top 10 causes of death in 2016 and percent change, 2005-2016, all ages}}</ref> Abubuwan haɗari waɗanda suka fi alhakin mutuwa da nakasa sun haɗa da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] na yara da mata masu juna biyu, ayyukan jima'i marasa kariya, abokan jima'i da yawa, gurɓataccen ruwa, rashin tsabta, da gurɓataccen iska . Maganin cutar kanjamau a Uganda ya ta'allaƙa ne kan maganin cutar kanjamau na ɗan adam ta hanyar horar da kai da kuma ƙara yawan ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya waɗanda za su iya ba da magani (misali, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na al'umma da ma'aikatan jinya ).<ref name=Atuyambe2014/> <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Quality-Kampala-air-deathtrap/688342-4310794-11eynt/index.html |title=Quality of Kampala Air: A Deathtrap |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] |date=19 February 2018 |first=Walter |last=Mwesigye |access-date=24 August 2018 |location=Kampala}}</ref> Wannan canjin jiyya ya faru ne ta hanyar jagorar "Haɗin kai na Adult da Adolescent Illness" na WHO na 2004. Nazarin manya masu kamuwa da cutar kanjamau a Uganda ya nuna halayen jima'i mai haɗari sun ƙi, yana ba da gudummawa ga raguwar kamuwa da cutar kanjamau. Daga 1990 zuwa 2004, adadin HIV ya ragu da kashi 70 cikin dari kuma jima'i na yau da kullum ya ragu da kashi 60 cikin dari. An kuma jera sadarwar lafiya a matsayin abin da zai iya haifar da sauye-sauyen ɗabi'a a cikin al'ummar Uganda.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.who.int/healthsystems/task_shifting/en/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606233416/http://www.who.int/healthsystems/task_shifting/en/ | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 6, 2008 | title=WHO: First Global Conference on Task Shifting | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=5 May 2017 | author=World Health Organization |date=January 2008}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal | last=Callaghan | first=Mike | year=2010 | title=A systematic review of task-shifting for HIV treatment and care in Africa | journal=Human Resources for Health| volume=8 | page=8 | doi=10.1186/1478-4491-8-8 | pmc=2873343 | pmid=20356363}}</ref> Studies of HIV-infected adults in Uganda showed [[risky sexual behavior]]<ref name=Atuyambe2014>{{cite journal |title=HIV Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Teachers in Uganda | url=http://www.publichealthinafrica.org/index.php/jphia/article/view/350/186 |journal=Journal of Public Health in Africa | first1=Lillian | last1=Ayebale | first2=Lynn | last2=Atuyambe | first3=William | last3=Bazeyo | first4=Erasmus Otolok | last4=Tanga | date=2014 | number=1 | volume=5 | page=350 | doi=10.4081/jphia.2014.350 | pmid=28299119 | pmc=5345464 | access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2015 ya nuna cewa, abubuwan da ke hana kamuwa da cutar kanjamau sun hada da ƙarancin abinci a yankunan karkara da kuma ƙyamar shawarwari da gwajin cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bunnell |first=Rebecca | year=2006 |title=Changes in sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission after antiretroviral therapy and prevention interventions in rural Uganda |journal=AIDS |volume=20 |issue=1 | doi=10.1097/01.aids.0000196566.40702.28 |pmid=16327323 | pages=85–92|s2cid=10313677 }}</ref> Ƙasar Uganda ce kasar da ta fi kowacce yawan kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya, inda mutane 478 cikin 1000 ke fama da cutar a kowace shekara. Dangane da bayanan WHO da aka buga a watan Mayu 2014, zazzabin cizon sauro ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane 19,869 a Uganda (6.19% na adadin waɗanda suka mutu).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal | last=Stoneburner | first=Rand | year=2004 | title=Population-Level HIV Declines and Behavioral Risk Avoidance in Uganda | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2004-04-30_304_5671/page/714 | journal=Science | volume=304 | issue=5671 | pages=714–718 | doi=10.1126/science.1093166 | pmid=15118157| bibcode=2004Sci...304..714S | s2cid=5763200 }}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, gwamnatin Uganda ta tsara tsarin magance zazzabi ta hanyar kula da gida. Uwayen da suka iya gane alamun cutar zazzabin cizon sauro sun kai 'ya'yansu zuwa wurin magani a farkon rashin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Chan | first=Brian | year=2015 | title=Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion | journal=AIDS| volume=29 | issue=1 | pages=83–90 | doi=10.1097/QAD.0000000000000495 | pmid=25268886 | pmc=4286463 }}</ref> Haɗin gwiwar Ciwon Yaro ya ba da damar fahimtar alamun zazzabin cizon sauro.<ref name="Stat">{{cite web|access-date=16 July 2017 | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1423973/malaria-leading-cause-death-uganda |title=Malaria leading cause of death in Uganda | newspaper=[[New Vision]] |date=16 July 2017 | location=Kampala | first=Richard |last= Wetaya}}</ref> Jiyya ko dai ya haɗa da kai yaron nan da nan don ganin ma'aikacin lafiya na kusa ko kuma samun maganin chloroquine da SP, wanda kuma aka sani da Homapak,<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaria in Uganda |date=May 2014 |access-date=19 July 2017 |url=http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/uganda-malaria |author=WLEC Quoting [[WHO]] |publisher=Worldlifeexpectancy.com (WLEC)}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ko da yake an gano kayan aikin sun ƙare a wasu lokuta. Koyaya, juriya ga HOMAPAK ya fito, kuma shawarwarin magunguna ta WHO sun canza zuwa maganin haɗin gwiwa na artemisinin (ACT).<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Nsungwa-Sabiiti| first=Jesca|year=2007|title=Home-based management of fever and malaria treatment practices in Uganda .|journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=101| issue=12|pages=1199–1207|doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.08.005| pmid=17945320}}</ref> Bayan nazarin tsakiyar wa’adi na shekarar 2014 na shirin kasa na rage zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma nazarin shirin zazzabin cizon sauro a shekarar 2010, ana sake fasalin dabarun kasa na rage zazzabin cizon sauro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/expired-homapak-malaria-kits-in-kumi-hospitals|title = Expired Homapak Malaria Kits in Kumi Hospitals}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Uganda tana maganin zazzabin cizon sauro ta hanyar rarraba gidajen sauron da aka yi wa maganin kwari, da fesa maganin kashe kwari a cikin gida, da kuma rigakafin rigakafi ga mata masu [[Ciki|juna biyu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://health.go.ug/download/file/fid/526|title=The Uganda Malaria Reduction Strategic Plan 2014-2020|last=Ministry of Health|date=May 2014|access-date=2022-04-21|archive-date=2020-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116131213/http://health.go.ug/download/file/fid/526|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, duk da haka, tana da girma kuma tana da ƙarfi ta hanyar rashin isassun albarkatu, fahimtar zazzaɓin cizon sauro, da ƙara juriya ga magunguna.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Yeka|first=Adoke|year=2012|title=Malaria in Uganda: Challenges to control on the long road to elimination: I. Epidemiology and current control efforts|doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.03.004|journal=Acta Tropica|volume=121|issue=3|pmid=21420377|pmc=3156969|pages=184–95}}</ref> == Lafiyar haihuwa == Lafiyar Haihuwa (RH) yanayi ne na cikakkiyar walwala ta jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa a cikin dukkan al'amuran da suka shafi tsarin haihuwa da ayyukansa da tafiyar matakai. Yana nuna cewa mutane suna da ikon haifuwa da kuma yancin yanke shawara ko, yaushe, da sau nawa za su yi hakan. A fakaice a cikin wannan hakki ne na maza da mata na a sanar da su da kuma samun damar yin amfani da aminci, inganci, araha, kuma tsarin tsarin iyali da suke so, da sauran hanyoyin da suka zaba na kayyade haihuwa, wadanda ba haka ba ne. wanda ya saɓawa doka, da kuma ‘yancin samun ayyukan kula da lafiya da zai baiwa mata damar tafiya lafiya ta hanyar ciki da haihuwa. Kulawar RH kuma ya haɗa da lafiyar jima'i, wanda manufarsa ita ce haɓaka rayuwa da alaƙar mutum.<ref>{{cite web | author=WHO | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | location=Geneva | url=https://www.who.int/topics/reproductive_health/en | title=Reproductive Health | access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta ayyana lafiyar mata a matsayin lafiyar mata a lokacin daukar ciki, haihuwa, da lokacin haihuwa.<ref>{{cite web | title=World Health Organization: Maternal Health | date=17 October 2016 | url=https://www.who.int/topics/maternal_health/en/ | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)| author=WHO}}</ref> A cewar [[UNICEF]], adadin mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a Uganda, yawan mace-macen mata a shekara ta dalilin ciki a cikin 100,000 da suka haihu, ya kasance 440 daga 2008 zuwa 2012.<ref>{{cite web | title=Women: Definitions of the indicators | access-date=17 October 2016 | url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/stats_popup8.html | date=17 October 2016 | publisher=[[United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF) | author=UNICEF | location=Copenhagen | archive-date=27 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927144453/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/stats_popup8.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar Ci gaban Ƙarni (MDG) na 2015 game da yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu shine kashi 131 cikin 100,000 na haihuwa. MDG kuma ta kafa manufa ga duk haihuwa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kiwon lafiya za su halarta,<ref name="Data">{{cite web | title=Uganda Health Statistics | date=17 October 2016 | url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/uganda_statistics.html | last=UNICEF | publisher=[[United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF) | location=Copenhagen | access-date=12 January 2017 | archive-date=24 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024172118/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/uganda_statistics.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> A yankunan karkara, mata masu juna biyu suna neman taimakon masu kula da haihuwa na gargajiya (TBAs) saboda wahalar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun da tsadar sufuri ko magani. An amince da TBs yayin da suka shafi rayuwar al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma. Rashin ilimi da horo na TBAs da kuma amfani da al'adun gargajiya, duk da haka, sun haifar da hanyoyin kiwon lafiya masu haɗari waɗanda ke haifar da yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu. Haka kuma adadin ya ci gaba saboda ƙarancin amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa, ƙarancin ƙarfin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya don magance matsalolin zubar da ciki da zubar da ciki, da kuma yawaitar cutar HIV/AIDS a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu. Duk da cewa zazzaɓin cizon sauro na daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka ga mata masu juna biyu, ayyukan rigakafi da rigakafin ba su da inganci kamar yadda wani rahoto da aka buga a shekarar 2013 ya nuna.<ref name="MMRatio">{{cite web | access-date=17 October 2016 | url=http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda%20MDG%20Report-Oct%202013.pdf | title=Millennium Development Goals Report for Uganda 2013 | publisher=[[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO) | author=UNESCO | location=Paris, France | date=2014 | archive-date=21 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021204440/http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Uganda/Uganda%20MDG%20Report-Oct%202013.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> Kashi 47 cikin 100 na matan Uganda ne kawai ke samun shawarwarin kulawa da mata masu juna biyu, kuma kashi 42 cikin ɗari na haifuwa ne kawai ke halartar ƙwararrun ma'aikatan lafiya. A cikin kashi 20 cikin 100 na matalautan al’umma, kaso 29 cikin 100 na haifuwar da kwararrun ma’aikatan lafiya suka samu a shekarar 2005/2006 idan aka kwatanta da kashi 77 cikin 100 na masu hannu da shuni.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=17 October 2016 | first=Anne | last=Mugisa | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1317103/maternal-mortality-rate-rises | title=Maternal mortality rate rises | date=10 April 2013 | newspaper=[[New Vision]] | location=Kampala}}</ref> Shirin Auna Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ya baiwa Uganda maki 47.9% don amfani da maganin hana haihuwa. == Rashin abinci mai gina jiki == Rashin abinci mai gina jiki shine babban abin da ke damun cigaba a Uganda, wanda ya shafi dukkan yankunan kasar da mafi yawan al'ummar kasar. Matsayin rashin abinci mai gina jiki a halin yanzu yana kawo cikas ga ci gaban ɗan adam, zamantakewa, da tattalin arzikin Uganda. Duk da cewa kasar ta samu gagarumin ci gaba a fannin bunkasar tattalin arziki da rage fatara a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, amma ci gaban da ta samu wajen rage matsalar karancin abinci mai gina jiki ya ragu matuka. Maƙasudi na ƙarshe na Shirin Ayyukan Ayyukan Gina Jiki na Uganda (UNAP) shine tabbatar da cewa duk 'yan Uganda sun sami abinci mai kyau don su rayu cikin koshin lafiya da rayuwa mai amfani. Duk da haka, a farkon rayuwa musamman ya kamata mu yi aiki tare don tabbatar da cewa duk 'yan Uganda sun sami abinci mai kyau. Dangane da Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Uganda uku na baya-bayan nan (UDHS), alamomin abinci mai gina jiki ga yara ƙanana da uwayensu ba su inganta sosai ba cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, tare da wasu alamomin da ke nuna haɓakar yanayin. Misali, a cikin 1995, kashi 45 cikin 100 na yara ‘yan kasa da shekara biyar a Uganda ba su cika shekaru ba. Shekaru 10 bayan haka, yawan yaran da basu kai shekaru biyar ba ya ragu zuwa kashi 39 kawai (UDHS, 2006). Rage-tsare yana nuna rashin abinci mai gina jiki na yau da kullun a cikin yara; Adadin da aka samu na kashi 39 cikin 100 na nuna cewa kimanin yara ƙanana miliyan 2.3 a Uganda a yau suna fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [[UNICEF]] <ref>[[UNICEF]] [https://www.unicef.org/uganda/Nutrition_Plan_2011.pdf "Nutrition Action Plan 2011-2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829234422/https://www.unicef.org/uganda/Nutrition_Plan_2011.pdf |date=2017-08-29 }}</ref> Ƙaddamar da Auna Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta baiwa Uganda maki 79.5% na yaran da ba su yi ƙasa a gwiwa ba. Yi la'akari da bayanin abinci mai gina jiki na Uganda ga yara ƴan ƙasa da shekaru biyar kamar yadda USAID <ref>USAID [https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/uganda-nutrition-profile "Nutrition profile April 2018"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529150018/https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/uganda-nutrition-profile |date=2019-05-29 }}</ref> <ref>[[USAID]] [https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1864/Uganda-Nutrition-Profile-Apr2018-508.pdf "Nutrition profile Uganda DHS 2011 and 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805053747/https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1864/Uganda-Nutrition-Profile-Apr2018-508.pdf|date=2021-08-05}}</ref> ta nuna. {| class="wikitable" !Yawan jama'a ! Pop. Kasa da 5 ! % tsautsayi ! % Rashin nauyi |- | miliyan 41.5 | miliyan 7.7 | 29 | 11 |} Wannan yana da nauyi mai yawa a kan ƙasar ta hanyar asarar kuɗin shiga wanda ke shafar GDP kai tsaye inda kusan kashi 5.6% ko dalar Amurka miliyan 899 ke asarar duk shekara. WFP <ref>World Food Programme [https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/hunger-costs-uganda-56-cent-gdp "hunger cost Uganda 5.6% of GDP"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221232/https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/hunger-costs-uganda-56-cent-gdp |date=2018-09-07 }}</ref> Duk da alƙaluman da ke nuna damuwa, bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa adadin yara ƴan ƙasa da shekaru biyar da ke fama da rashin abinci mai gina jiki na raguwa. <ref>Gapminder tools, [https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$state$time$value=2016;&entities$show$geo$/$in@=uga;;;;&marker$axis_y$which=malnutrition_weight_for_age_percent_of_children_under_5&scaleType=linear&spaceRef:null;;;&chart-type=linechart "Malnutrition, weight for age 1988-2016"]</ref> == Cin zarafin jinsi == Rikicin cikin gida (DV) batu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin lafiyar haihuwa da haƙƙin haifuwa da lafiyar haifuwa. Yawancin DV sun dogara ne akan jinsi.<ref>{{cite web | access-date=17 October 2016 | url=https://www.who.int/topics/gender_based_violence/en/ | location=Geneva | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=17 October 2016 | author=WHO | title=Health topics: Violence against women}}</ref> Rikicin jiki shine nau'in DV mafi yaɗuwa a Uganda, inda kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na mata ke kai rahotonsa. Fiye da kashi 60 cikin 100 na matan da suka taɓa yin aure sun ba da rahoton fuskantar tashin hankali, na zahiri, ko jima'i daga ma'aurata.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/mar/08/international-womens-day-voice-mawokota-uganda | title=International women's day: a voice from Mawokota County North, Uganda | access-date=17 October 2016 | author=Richard Kavuma | date=8 March 2013 | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | location=London}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, kusan kashi biyu cikin ɗari na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa an yi musu kaciya, al'adar da ke mutuwa a wuraren da aka fi yin ta.<ref name="Pregdata">{{cite web | access-date=17 October 2016 | url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR18/PR18.pdf | date=March 2012 | publisher=[[Uganda Bureau of Statistics]] (UBOS) and ICF International Inc. (ICFI) | title=Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2011 | author=UBOS & ICFI | location=Kampala & Calverton, Maryland, US | archive-date=8 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508200948/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/PR18/PR18.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abu da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi == Shaye -shaye da shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi na damun lafiyar jama'a a Uganda wanda ke shafar yara da matasa. Wani magani da shi a tsakanin matasa shine hodar iblis.<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Factors Contributing to Drug Abuse Among the Youth in Kisenyi, Rubaga Division, Kampala Uganda.|url=http://dspace.ciu.ac.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/167|publisher=International Health Sciences University|date=September 2013|degree=Thesis|language=en|first=Ibrahim Said|last=Nasir|access-date=2022-04-21|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331064735/http://dspace.ciu.ac.ug/xmlui/handle/123456789/167|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2019, rashin amfani da kayan maye yana da kashi 0.34% na jimlar nakasa-daidaita-shekarun rayuwa (DALYs) da kuma mutuwar 0.13% a Uganda. Rashin amfani da barasa yana da kashi 0.2% na DALYs da 0.11% na yawan mace-mace.. Wannan yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe a Arewacin Afirka, [[Turai]], [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] da yankuna [[tsakiyar Asiya]]. Wannan na iya zama sakamakon ƙarƙashin bayar da rahoton waɗannan lamuran ko rashin gano waɗannan cututtuka a Uganda. An bayar da rahoton yawan barasa a Uganda a duniya a 26.0 L na barasa ga kowane mutum a kowace shekara a cikin shekarar 2016. A watan Maris na shekarar 2013, wani binciken CNN ya sanya Uganda a matsayi na 8 a duniya wajen shan barasa kuma ta farko a nahiyar Afirka. Wani bincike da aka yi kwanan nan a Uganda ya nuna ba zato ba tsammani na shan barasa da kuma dogaro da yara masu shekaru 5-8. An samo wannan yayin tambayoyin asibiti a cikin labarin da aka buga na shekarar 2020, tare da jumla gama gari tsakanin yaran, ''"Ina jin daɗi lokacin da na sha."'' A cikin wannan binciken, 7.4% yara sun sami tabbataccen cin zarafi da dogaro da barasa. Kashi 10 cikin 148 na yara suna da makin Ƙarfi da Ƙarfi (SDQ) (≥ 14). Waɗannan yara 10 waɗanda ke da babban adadin SDQ suna da cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda suka haɗa da yunƙurin [[Kisan kai|kashe kansu]] (30%) da rikicewar tashin hankali (50%). Yaro ɗaya ne kawai ke da ƙarancin makin SDQ (a ƙasa 14) ba shi da wata cuta duk da kyakkyawan ƙwarewar sha. Yawancin yara sun ba da rahoton samun damar yin girki na gida, ilimin mai kulawa akan sha da mawuyacin yanayi na gida wanda ya sa su shan barasa. A cikin 2016, Uganda ta yi rajista mafi yawan adadin mace-mace daga cututtukan hanta da ke da alaƙa da barasa tare da jimillar mutuwar 118 a cikin 100,000 daga cututtukan hanta na biyu zuwa yawan shan barasa.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=GBD Compare {{!}} IHME Viz Hub|url=http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare|access-date=2021-09-09|website=vizhub.healthdata.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Organization|first=World Health|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnOyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR7|title=Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018|date=2019-02-14|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-156563-9|language=en}}</ref> Ba a sabunta ƙa'idojin shari'a game da barasa a Uganda ba tun 1960 har zuwa shekarar 2016, tare da shekarun shan barasa na shari'a yana da shekaru 18 yayin da sayar da barasa ga hukuncin kanana tarar da ba za ta wuce shilin Ugandan 500 ($ 0.14) ba kuma an ba yara damar siya. barasa a madadin manya. Dokar barasa, cap-93 har yanzu tana cin tarar shilling na Ugandan 205 ($0.058) kan shan barasa da ba su kai shekaru ba.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Barry Neild|title=World's 10 best drinking nations|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/best-drinking-nations/index.html|access-date=2021-09-12|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Wani muhimmin batu game da shan barasa a Uganda shi ne cewa masana'antar barasa sun yi wa matasa hari ta hanyar karuwar marufi na 30 ml na barasa da fakitin da kowane matashi dan Uganda zai iya samu akan shilling na Ugandan 200 kawai ($ 0.057) tare da kamfen na barasa da ke gudana. kusa da makarantu, kindergarten, dandalin watsa labarai, da kuma kan hanyoyin Uganda.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last1=Engebretsen|first1=Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv|last2=Nalugya|first2=Joyce S.|last3=Skylstad|first3=Vilde|last4=Ndeezi|first4=Grace|last5=Akol|first5=Angela|last6=Babirye|first6=Juliet N.|last7=Nankabirwa|first7=Victoria|last8=Tumwine|first8=James K.|date=2020-10-24|title="I feel good when I drink"—detecting childhood-onset alcohol abuse and dependence in a Ugandan community trial cohort|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00349-z|journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health|volume=14|issue=1|pages=42|doi=10.1186/s13034-020-00349-z|issn=1753-2000|pmc=7585688|pmid=33110445}}</ref> Dokar Hukumar Kula da Ma'auni ta Ƙasa ta Uganda (UNBS) wacce ta tsara ƙa'idodi kan kayayyaki na Uganda ba ta da wani ma'auni kan barasa na asali (wanda aka fi sani da " ''enguli'' "). A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2016, wani karamin kwamiti ya tsara wani sabon kudiri na hana barasa, aka gabatar da shi ga majalisar dokokin Uganda. Wannan lissafin yana nufin hana ƙananan marufi na barasa, tallan barasa da daidaita lokacin shan barasa. Hakanan ya haɗa da shekarun shari'a don fara shan barasa daga shekaru 18 zuwa 21 da kuma sanya harajin 5% akan duk abubuwan sha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resources for Substance Use Disorders|url=https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/resources-for-substance-use-disorders|access-date=2021-09-14|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Tasiri da canje-canjen manufofin tare da aiwatar da doka za su taimaka wajen daidaita shan barasa a Uganda da kuma ceton rayukan matasa da yara da yawa.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|last1=September 26|first1=Rogers Kasirye Posted on|last2=Industry|first2=2016 in Alcohol|last3=Norm|first3=Alcohol|last4=Others|first4=Alcohol's Harm To|last5=Society|first5=Civil|last6=Complex|first6=Corporate Consumption|last7=Democracy|last8=IOGT|last9=Development|first9=Obstacle To|date=2016-09-26|title=Uganda And The New Alcohol Control Bill 2016|url=https://movendi.ngo/blog/2016/09/26/uganda-new-alcohol-control-bill-2016/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Movendi International|language=en-US}}</ref> == Lafiyar Baki == Babu isassun bayanai kan halin da ake ciki na lafiyar baki a Uganda.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=National Oral Health Policy|url=https://www.health.go.ug/cause/national-oral-health-policy/|access-date=2021-09-11|website=Ministry of Health {{!}} Government of Uganda|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911194503/https://www.health.go.ug/cause/national-oral-health-policy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike mai sauri da aka gudanar ta hanyar binciken al'umma da kuma tattaunawa mai mahimmanci a gundumomin Uganda a cikin 2004/2005 an kiyasta cewa kashi 51% na al'ummar sun fuskanci matsalar lafiyar baki watanni shida kafin binciken. Daga cikin mutanen da suka fuskanci matsalar lafiyar baƙi, kashi 35% ne kawai suka sami magani. <ref name=":8" /> Sharuɗɗan da suka fi yawa kamar yadda [https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412963947.n260 manyan masu ba da labari] suka ruwaito sun haɗa da; {| class="wikitable" |+Sakamako na Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Baki 2004/2005 !Yanayin Baki ! Yaduwa (%) |- | Rushewar hakori | 93.1 |- | Ciwo | 82.1 |- | Asarar hakori | 79.3 |- | Farkon kuruciya caries | 75.9 |- | Zubar jini | 71.4 |- | Sako da hakora | 48.3 |- | Warin baki mara kyau | 42.9 |- | Cutar HIV ta baka | 28.6 |- | Hakori toho | 17.2 |- | Cutar cututtuka (ba tare da karaya ba) | 13.8 |- | Karyewar baki | 13.8 |- | Ciwon daji na baka | 10.3 |- | Ciwon baki | 10.3 |- | Fluorosis | 6.9 |- | Ciwon ciki mara kyau | 3.4 |} A cewar wani bincike da aka gudanar tsakanin yara ƴan makaranta a Mbarara a shekara ta 2007, tsaftar baki gaba daya yaran makaranta ba ta da kyau da ke nuna rashin ingantaccen tsarin tsaftar baki. Matsakaicin lalacewa, da aka rasa, cika hakora na dindindin (DMFT) shine 1.5 (± 0.8SD) tare da mata suna da DMFT mafi girma fiye da maza na 1.6 (± 0.8SD) da 1.3 (± 0.8SD) bi da bi. Yara a makarantu masu zaman kansu sun kasance sun fi samun ƙarin [[Rushewar hakori|caries]] a cikin haƙoran dindindin da haƙoran madara. [https://hastingsfamilydental.com/what-exactly-is-calculus/#:~:text=In%20dentistry%2C%20calculus%20or%20tartar,in%20plaque%20on%20the%20teeth. Lissafi] ya fi yawa a maza, makarantun gwamnati da kuma cikin malaman rana. Kwarewar caries gabaɗaya ta fi girma a Kampala idan aka kwatanta da gundumomin karkara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Batwala|first1=V|last2=Mulogo|first2=EM|last3=Arubaku|first3=W|date=December 2007|title=Oral health status of school children in Mbarara, Uganda|journal=African Health Sciences|volume=7|issue=4|pages=233–238|issn=1680-6905|pmc=3074375|pmid=21499489}}</ref> Gabaɗaya maki DMFT ya kasance 0.9 na yara da 3.4 na manya. <ref name=":9" /> Dangane da Burden Cututtuka na Duniya, cututtukan baka a Uganda suna ba da gudummawar 0.38% na jimlar DALYs. Wannan ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasashen da ke makwabtaka da shi a cikin al'ummar Gabashin Afirka kuma ya fi ƙasa da sauran [https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unitWorld yankuna na bankunan yankunan bankin duniya]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, watau Gabashin Asiya da Pacific, Turai da Asiya ta Tsakiya, Latin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] da sassan Kudancin Asiya. <ref name=":13" /> Uganda ta kasance ta musamman yayin da take horar da jami'an kiwon lafiya na baka daban-daban, likitocin hakori, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a, likitocin baka da maxillofacial likitoci da kwararrun dakin gwaje-gwaje na hakori. Likitocin likitan hakori a Uganda suna ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kula da Lafiya da Haƙori ta Uganda (UMDPC) da ƙwararrun ƙungiyar, Ƙungiyar Haƙori ta Uganda (UDA) Adadin likitocin hakori masu rijista a duk faɗin ƙasar ya ƙaru daga 72 haƙori. likitocin tiyata a cikin 2006 <ref name=":8" /> zuwa kusan likitocin hakori 396 a cikin 2021 <ref name=":12" /> suna yiwa al'ummar Ugandan sama da miliyan 42 hidima. Daga cikin waɗannan, 372 sune likitocin haƙori na gabaɗaya, 12 Oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 3 orthodontists, 2 prosthodontists da 7 restorative dentists a duk faɗin ƙasar kamar na 2021. <ref name=":12" /> Dukkanin ƙwararrun hakori ban da aikin tiyata na baki da na maxillofacial ana horar da su a wajen ƙasar. <ref name=":8" /> Manufar Kiwon Lafiya ta Baka ta ƙasa tana gudana tun daga 2007 zuwa 2009 kuma har yanzu ba a sabunta ta ba tun lokacin. Ma'aikatar Lafiya tana aiki da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa da 0.1% akan kula da lafiyar baki wanda ya fi dacewa don isar da sabis na baka. Ayyukan baka na yau da kullun suna kan farashi kyauta a wuraren gwamnati yayin da ake samun kulawa na biyu da na uku akan farashi. Yawancin ayyukan kula da hakori a Uganda ba sa biya (OOPs) saboda karancin kayan aiki, kayayyaki, kayan aiki da ma'aikata a yawancin sassan kula da lafiya na gwamnati don haka ana tilasta wa marasa lafiya neman ta baki a wurare masu zaman kansu. <ref name=":8" /> === Kaciya ta baki (IOM) === Yi wa jariran baki kaciya ya zama ruwan dare ga yawancin ƙasashen Afirka a yankin Saharar Afirka, gami da Uganda.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|last1=Wandera|first1=Margaret N.|last2=Kasumba|first2=Betsy|date=2017-07-17|title="Ebinyo"—The Practice of Infant Oral Mutilation in Uganda|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=5|page=167|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2017.00167|issn=2296-2565|pmc=5511818|pmid=28770190|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jamieson|first=L.|date=2005-11-22|title=Using qualitative methodology to elucidate themes for a traditional tooth gauging education tool for use in a remote Ugandan community|journal=Health Education Research|language=en|volume=21|issue=4|pages=477–487|doi=10.1093/her/cyh073|pmid=16311242|issn=0268-1153|doi-access=free}}</ref> Daga cikin ƙabilun Bantu masu magana a Uganda, ana kiranta da suna " ''ebinyo'' ". <ref name=":15" /> Ana fidda haƙoran da ba a fashe ba yawanci a matsayin maganin zazzaɓi da gudawa ga jarirai da ba a horar da su ba. <ref name=":15" /> Ayyukan sun haɗa da gano wuraren da aka taso akan gumakan jarirai da yin amfani da kayan aiki masu kaifi don cire haƙoran da ba na ma'adinai ba tare da la'akari da shi " ''tsutsa'' ''mai laifi'' ." Tushen haƙoran gama gari da aka cire sune na farko na canines.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Musinguzi|first1=Norman|last2=Kemoli|first2=Arthur|last3=Okullo|first3=Isaac|date=2019-09-02|title=Prevalence and dental effects of infant oral mutilation or Ebiino among 3–5 year–old children from a rural district in Uganda|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0890-6|journal=BMC Oral Health|volume=19|issue=1|pages=204|doi=10.1186/s12903-019-0890-6|issn=1472-6831|pmc=6721365|pmid=31477127}}</ref> An fara samun rahoton kaciya na baka na jarirai (IOM) a Uganda a cikin 1969 a cikin kashi 16.1% na yara daga ƙabilar Acholi da ke Arewacin Uganda. Wadannan duk sun bata saboda IOM.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Muwazi|first1=Louis M|last2=Rwenyonyi|first2=Charles M|last3=Tirwomwe|first3=Francis J|last4=Ssali|first4=Charles|last5=Kasangaki|first5=Arabat|last6=Nkamba|first6=Moses E|last7=Ekwaru|first7=Paul|date=September 2005|title=Prevalence of oral diseases/conditions in Uganda|journal=African Health Sciences|volume=5|issue=3|pages=227–233|issn=1680-6905|pmc=1831927|pmid=16245993}}</ref> Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan da aka buga a cikin 2019 tsakanin yara masu shekaru 3-5 a Yammacin Yammacin Yuganda ya nuna kashi 8.1% sun ɓace na farko saboda IOM.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=GBD Compare {{!}} IHME Viz Hub|url=http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare|access-date=2021-09-13|website=vizhub.healthdata.org}}</ref> Wannan al’ada ta fi zama ruwan dare a tsakanin mazauna karkara da mazauna birane, inda aka fi samun yawaitar yara a karkashin wani mai kula da su ba na iyaye ba.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Medical and Dental Practitioners Council|url=https://umdpc.com/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=umdpc.com|archive-date=2021-09-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912132245/https://www.umdpc.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kungiyoyin gama gari da aka ruwaito suna gudanar da IOM mutane ne da ake mutunta al'adu a Uganda kuma wadannan sun hada da; masu maganin gargajiya, ungozoma, malaman makaranta da limaman gari.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pindborg|first=J. J.|date=November 1969|title=Dental mutilation and associated abnormalities in Uganda|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5370955/|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=31|issue=3|pages=383–389|doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330310313|issn=0002-9483|pmid=5370955}}</ref><ref name=":15" /> Ana yin wannan aikin ne a lokacin da ƙwayoyin rigakafin yara daga madarar nono da masu ciki ke raguwa don haka ƙara kamuwa da cututtukan da ke bayyana kamar zazzaɓi, gudawa da amai waɗanda IOM ke yi don magance su. Wannan yana haifar da rashin kula da ainihin abin da ke haifar da cututtuka a maimakon haka yana kara ta'azzara ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin da ba su da haihuwa wanda ke haifar da cututtuka da mace-mace a tsakanin yara.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kazi|title=Uganda Dental Association - The Official Registered Council for all Practicing & Retired Dental Surgeons in Uganda|url=https://ugadent.org/|access-date=2021-09-13|website=Uganda Dental Association|language=en}}</ref> Babban abin da ke haifar da IOM shine rashin ilimin baka a tsakanin yawancin al'ummar Uganda.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mukanga|first1=D.|last2=Babirye|first2=R.|last3=Peterson|first3=S.|last4=Pariyo|first4=G. W.|last5=Ojiambo|first5=G.|last6=Tibenderana|first6=J. K.|last7=Nsubuga|first7=P.|last8=Kallander|first8=K.|date=October 2011|title=Can lay community health workers be trained to use diagnostics to distinguish and treat malaria and pneumonia in children? Lessons from rural Uganda|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21752163/|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health |volume=16|issue=10|pages=1234–1242|doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02831.x|issn=1365-3156|pmid=21752163|s2cid=10626642}}</ref><ref name=":15" /> == Lafiya a yankin Arewa == Arewacin Uganda yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankuna huɗu na gudanarwa a Uganda. Yaƙin basasa da aka dade ana gwabzawa tsakanin gwamnatin Uganda da kungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Ƴan Tawaye na Ubangiji|ƴan tawayen Lords Resistance Army]] da kuma rikicin satar shanu da aka shafe tsawon shekaru 20 ana yi a yankin ya ruguza yankin.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/events/tenstories/07/printable/uganda.shtml | title=Ten Stories the World Should Hear Moe About – Northern Uganda: Major Steps Towards Peace In A Decades-Old Conflict | access-date=17 October 2016 | date= 2008 | author=United Nations | publisher=[[United Nations]] | location=New York City}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | access-date=17 October 2016 | url=https://justiceinconflict.org/2012/04/09/a-genocide-in-northern-uganda-the-protected-camps-policy-of-1999-to-2006/ | date=9 April 2012 | title=A Genocide in Northern Uganda? – The 'Protected Camps' Policy of 1999 to 2006 | first=Patrick | last=Wegner | publisher=Justiceinconflict.org}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kawo ƙarshen yaƙin a shekara ta 2006, an lalata sansanonin 'yan gudun hijirar tare da komawa gidajensu na da. Yankin, duk da haka, har yanzu yana da ƙalubalen kiwon lafiya da yawa, irin su rashin kayan aikin kiwon lafiya da rashin isassun ma'aikata a kowane mataki (rahoton da aka buga 2008);<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.equip123.net/docs/E1-Education_Fragility_Uganda.pdf | title=Education and Fragility in Northern Uganda | access-date=17 October 2016 | date=October 2008 | last=Meredith McCormac | first=and Judy A. Benjamin | location=Washington, D. C., United States | publisher=[[American Institutes for Research]] | archive-date=22 October 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022011441/http://www.equip123.net/docs/E1-Education_Fragility_Uganda.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author1=S. Accorsi | author2=M. Fabiani | author3=B. Nattabi | author4=B. Corrado | author5=R. Iriso | author6=E. O. Ayella | author7=B. Pido | author8=P. A. Onek | author9=M. Ogwang | author10=S. Declich | title=The disease profile of poverty: morbidity and mortality in northern Uganda in the context of war, population displacement and HIV/AIDS | journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | date=March 2005 | volume=99 | issue=3 | pages=226–33| doi=10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.09.008 | pmid=15653126 }}</ref> rashin samun damar amfani da wutar; lantarki ta kasa (rahoton da aka buga a 2007);<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Uganda_PRDP-2007.pdf | title=Peace, Recovery And Development Plan for Northern Uganda (PRDP) | publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] | author=Brookings Institution | location=Washington, D. C., US | date=September 2007 | access-date=17 October 2016}}</ref> rashin iya jawowa da riƙe ƙwararrun ma'aikata;<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz297.pdf|title=UGANDA HEALTH SYSTEM ASSESSMENT 2011|website=USAID}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> akai-akai sayar da kayayyaki a asibitoci da wuraren kiwon lafiya;<ref name=":5" /> cututtuka masu tasowa da sake tasowa irin su Ebola, nodding syndrome, onchocerciasis, da [[Tibi|tarin fuka]];<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.centreforchildren.be/uganda/resettlement-of-war-affected-communities-in-northern-uganda-and-the-longitudinal-follow-up-of-the-reintegration-process-of-former-child-soldiers/?lid=438 | title=Resettlement of War-Affected Communities in Northern Uganda and the Longitudinal Follow-Up of the Reintegration Process of Former Child Soldiers | access-date=9 December 2018 | date=2007 | publisher=Belgian Centre for Children in Vulnerable Situations (BCFC) | author=BCFC | location=Ghent | archive-date=10 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110809/http://www.centreforchildren.be/uganda/resettlement-of-war-affected-communities-in-northern-uganda-and-the-longitudinal-follow-up-of-the-reintegration-process-of-former-child-soldiers/?lid=438 | url-status=dead }}</ref> kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke kan gaba wajen mutuwar mutane a kasar; <ref name=":5" /> mayar da tsoffin yaran da aka sace da suka koma gida (binciken 2007);<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-red-cross-launches-water-project-war-affected-districts|title=Uganda: Red Cross launches water project in war-affected districts|date=2008-03-17|work=ReliefWeb|access-date=2017-11-17|language=en}}</ref> rashin tsaftataccen ruwan sha yayin da aka lalata yawancin rijiyoyin burtsatse a lokacin yakin; cutar HIV/AIDS (rahoton da aka buga a 2004);<ref>{{cite web | url=http://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/hiv-seroprevalence-northern-uganda-complex-relationship-between-aids-and-conflict | title=HIV seroprevalence in northern Uganda: The complex relationship between AIDS and conflict | author=Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internazionale | date=15 September 2004 | access-date=17 October 2016 | publisher=[[ReliefWeb]] | location=Geneva}}</ref> matalauta matakan ilimi tare da babban gazawar rates a firamare da sakandare kasa jarrabawa (2015 buga rahoton);<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/apr/23/uganda-success-universal-primary-education-falling-apart-upe | title=Uganda's success in universal primary education falling apart | access-date=17 October 2016 | date=23 April 2015 | last=Mwesigwa | first=Alon | newspaper=[[The Guardian]] | location=London}}</ref> da talauci (rahoton da aka buga a 2013).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/tags/uganda/ | title=Rural Poverty in Uganda | publisher=Ruralpovertyportal.org (RPPO) Quoting [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]] (IFAD) | author=IFAD | access-date=17 October 2016 | location=Rome, Italy | date=2013}}</ref> == Ƴan gudun hijira == Uganda dai na karɓar ƴan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka tun bayan samun ƴancin kai a shekarar 1962. Hasali ma, taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yan gudun hijira na 2016 ya ayyana manufofin ƴan gudun hijira a Uganda a matsayin abin koyi. Dokar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta 2006 da Dokokin Ƴan Gudun Hijira na 2010 sun ba da damar haɗin kai na 'yan gudun hijira a cikin al'ummomin da suka karbi bakuncin tare da ƴan gudun hijirar da ke da damar yin amfani da sabis na jama'a iri ɗaya kamar na ƴan ƙasa. Suna da 'yancin motsi kuma suna da ƴanci don neman damar rayuwa, gami da samun damar shiga kasuwar aiki da kafa kasuwanci. A halin yanzu Uganda tana karbar 'yan gudun hijira 1,252,470 da masu neman mafaka wanda ya sa ta zama kasa mafi girma da ke karbar bakuncin ƴan gudun hijira a Afirka kuma ta uku mafi girma a duniya (GoU da UNHCR, 2017) UNDP.<ref>[[UNDP]] [http://www.ug.undp.org/content/dam/uganda/docs/UNDPUg17-Uganda%20Contribution%20to%20Refugee%20Hosting-Study%20Summary%20(2).pdf "Uganda's contribution to Refugee Protection and Management"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221536/http://www.ug.undp.org/content/dam/uganda/docs/UNDPUg17-Uganda%20Contribution%20to%20Refugee%20Hosting-Study%20Summary%20(2).pdf|date=2018-09-07}}</ref> Hakan dai ya dora babban nauyi a kan kasar da ke da GDP na kowane mutum dala 710 kacal, amma duk da haka tallafin da ake samu kan kowane mutum kadan ne. [https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$state$time$value=2016;&marker$select@$geo=uga&trailStartTime=2016;;&axis_y$which=aid_received_per_person_current_us&domainMin:null&domainMax:null&zoomedMin:null&zoomedMax:null&scaleType=genericLog&spaceRef:null;;;&chart-type=bubbles "Taimakon da aka samu kowane mutum ba tare da samun kudin shiga ba"] Kuɗin da aka raba ta ɓangaren {| class="wikitable" !'''Bangaren''' ! '''Darajar (US$)''' ! '''Raba kashi''' |- | Ilimi | 795,419 | 0.25 |- | Lafiya | 5,201,026 | 1.61 |- | Tsaro | 3,045,858 | 0.94 |- | Ƙasa | 29,746,209 | 9.21 |- | Asarar muhalli | 90,682,169 | 28.07 |- | Makamashi da ruwa | 145,881,761 | 45.16 |- | Sauran farashin | 2,406,814 | 0.75 |- | Kiyasin haraji keɓe ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya hukumomi | 45,254,125 | 14.01 |- | '''Jimlar''' | '''323,013,382''' | '''100.00''' |} Ana samun ɓarkewar cututtuka akai-akai kamar kwalara, ebola da marburg. 2017 Uganda Marburg cutar fashewa . Manufar barin ƴan gudun hijirar su yi tafiya cikin walwala a cikin kasar na kara barazanar yada waɗannan ɓarkewar cutar fiye da kan iyakokin sansanin ƴan gudun hijira. === Alamomin lafiya === Bisa ga rahoton 2015 Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) rahoton: * Yankin na ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan masu fama da cutar kanjamau da kashi 8 a kasar, sai Kampala. * Yankin na kan gaba cikin talauci inda kashi 80 cikin 100 na gidaje ke fama da talauci idan aka kwatanta da kashi 20 cikin 100 na kasar gaba daya suna fama da talauci. Yankin yana da mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci na kowane gida na UGX:21,000 idan aka kwatanta da UGX:30,000 na yawan jama'a. Kusan kashi 26 na mutane suna fama da talauci * Yankin na kan gaba wajen jahilci inda kashi 60 cikin 100 na al'ummar da shekarunsu suka wuce shekaru 10 zuwa sama suke da ilimi idan aka kwatanta da kashi 71 na al'ummar ƙasar baki ɗaya. * Yawancin gundumomi a yankin ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan famfo, in ban da wasu garuruwa kamar Gulu, Lira, Arua, da Soroti . Matsalolin ramukan ramuka sun bambanta daga kashi 4 zuwa 84 a wasu gundumomi, mafi muni a kasar. * Yankin yana da mafi ƙarancin adadin cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankuna na ƙasar. Daga cikin jimillar cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya 5,229 a Uganda (2,867 na gwamnati, 874 da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) ke gudanar da su, da kuma wuraren zaman kansu 1,488), cibiyoyin lafiya 788 ne kawai a yankin Arewa (664 da gwamnati ke gudanarwa, 122) ta kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da wurare masu zaman kansu guda 2). Isar da wuraren kiwon lafiya ya kai daga kashi 7 a cikin Amudat, zuwa kashi 81 a Gulu . * Yankin yana da mafi girman adadin haihuwa na yara 7.9 kowace mace idan aka kwatanta da adadin 6.1 na kasar baki daya. * Yankin Karamoja yana da yawan mace-macen mata masu juna biyu. Dangane da Binciken Kiwon Lafiya da Kiwon Lafiya na Uganda na 2001, Yankin Arewa ya kasance mafi muni a cikin alamomin mace-macen jarirai (a ƙasa da shekaru biyar na mace-mace: 178 mace-mace a cikin 1000 masu rai) (a ƙarƙashin shekara ɗaya mace-mace: mutuwar 105 a cikin 1000 masu rai) (mutuwar jarirai). : 42 mutuwar a cikin farkon watan rayuwa a cikin 1000 da aka haihu). Don dalilai na Binciken Alƙaluman Jama'a da Lafiya na Uganda na 2011, an raba yankin Arewa zuwa West Nile, Arewa, da Karamoja, tare da sauran yankuna uku suna da rassa bakwai, na jimlar yanki goma a duk faɗin ƙasar. Yawan mace-macen Karamoja na ƙasa da shekaru biyar (153 ne ke mutuwa a cikin 1000 masu rai) ya kasance mafi muni a kasar, inda adadin West Nile (125) ya kasance na uku mafi muni sai kuma Arewa (105) na hudu mafi kyau. Yawan mace-mace na West Nile 'yan kasa da shekara 88 ya kasance mafi muni a ƙasar, inda adadin Karamoja (87) ya kasance na biyu mafi muni sai na Arewa (66) na biyar mafi kyau. Yawan mace-macen da ake fama da shi a yankin West Nile a kasa da wata guda (38) shi ne na biyu mafi muni a kasar, inda yankin Arewa (31) ya kasance a matsayi na hudu mafi muni yayin da Karamoja (29) ke matsayi na huɗu. <ref name="MMRatio" /> * Ciwon nodding ya afkawa yankin ne tun daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 2000, duk da cewa kasashen duniya ba su san da shi ba sai a shekarar 2009 da WHO da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Amurka suka fara bincikensa. Cutar ta shafi yara masu shekaru 5-15, musamman a yankin Acholi da wasu kaɗan a yankin Lango. Sama da mutane 3,000 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar tun daga shekarar 2012, yayin da Uganda ke da mafi yawan masu kamuwa da cutar a duniya. Cutar tana da babban illa ga lafiyar yara, iyalai, da al'umma. Yaran da a da suna cikin koshin lafiya kuma suna girma da kyau iyaye suna lura da su don yin noma musamman a lokacin cin abinci da farko, suna ci gaba zuwa kai lokacin sanyi, da sauransu. Wadannan yara a ƙarshe suna samun nau'i daban-daban na ciwon farfaɗiya da kuma nakasa kamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki mai tsanani, ƙonewa, ciwon ciki, kyphosis mai tsanani, rashin fahimta, da kuma yawo daga gidaje. <ref name="pmid23965548" /> Tun lokacin da aka fara shiga tsakani a cikin 2012, ba a sami sabbin maganganu ba a yankin. Ba a gano ainihin dalilin wannan cuta ba, kodayake akwai haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi tare da onchocerciasis. Al’ummomin sun yi imanin cewa, ƴaƴansu za su iya kamuwa da sinadarai a lokacin yakin, musamman lokacin da aka raba su cikin sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijira saboda sun lura cewa ƴaƴansu sun yi rashin lafiya ne kawai a sansanonin. {| class="wikitable" !'''Karamar Hukuma''' ! Nodding S ! Nodding S ! Farfadiya ! Farfadiya |- | | Namiji | Mace | Namiji | Mace |- | Aware | 230 | 188 | 231 | 198 |- | Atanga | 144 | 129 | 95 | 84 |- | Lapul | 34 | 32 | 23 | 22 |- | Agagura | 119 | 108 | 70 | 64 |- | Laguti | 172 | 164 | 115 | 110 |- | Acholi Bur | 03 | 04 | 18 | 23 |- | Puranga | 13 | 12 | 148 | 146 |- | Pader | 13 | 11 | 21 | 16 |- | '''Jimlar''' | 728 | 648 | 721 | 663 |} == Gurɓacewar muhalli a Uganda == === Gurɓacewar iska === Gurɓacewar iska na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka marasa yaduwa a [[Uganda]] . A duniya baki ɗaya, gurbacewar iska ita ce ke da alhakin kusan kashi 18% na dukkan manya da ke mutuwa sakamakon shanyewar jiki, kashi 27% daga cututtukan zuciya, kashi 20% daga cututtukan cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun (COPD), 27% na kamuwa da ciwon huhu da kuma kashi 8% na cutar kansar huhu, in ji kiyasin WHO. . Kimanin mutane 13,000 ne suka mutu sakamakon gurbacewar iska a Uganda a shekarar 2017 kuma 10,000 daga cikin waɗanda suka mutun sun mutu ne sakamakon shakar hayaƙi mai guba daga itacen cikin gida da garwashin kona dafa abinci alkalumman gurbatar iska daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya (HEI), Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Kimantawa (IHME) da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) sun bayyana . <ref name=":17" /> A shekarar 2019, ita ce shekarar da aka bayar da rahoton cewa [[Kampala]] ta fi gurbacewar iska inda watannin da suka yi fice a matsayin mafi gurbacewar yanayi a watan Fabrairu, Yuli da Agusta, duk sun zo da karatun PM2.5 na 36.9 μg/m³, 39.9 μg/m³ da 37.4 μg/m³ bi da bi tare da baƙar fata carbon da maras tabbas kwayoyin mahadi (VOC's) kasancewa mafi ƙazanta . A cikin 2019, Dokta Daniel Okello, darektan Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Muhalli na KCCA ya kuma ba da rahoton kusan mutane 31,600 ke mutuwa a Uganda daga cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da gurɓataccen iska a shekara kamar cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan huhu da cututtukan huhu da kansar huhu, kuma mafi yawan mace-mace suna cikin al'ummomi masu ƙura. wuraren masana'antu da na kasuwanci, da ke da motoci da yawa da ke fitowa da hayaƙi da ƙura. Wani bincike da jami’ar Makerere ta gudanar ya bayyana cewa karuwar tsofaffin ababen hawa a kan tituna ya haifar da tabarbarewar iskar da ta wuce matakin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta bayar. <ref name=":18" /> Gurɓacewar iska tana canza yanayi a asali, tare da yin tasiri sosai kan lafiyar ba Uganda kaɗai ba har ma da duniyar duniya baki ɗaya kuma yana haifar da saurin haɓaka birane da haɓakar jama'a a cikin birane. === Samun ruwa da gurbatar yanayi === [[File:A_touchless_hand_washing_tap.jpg |thumb|left|Yarinya na tsabtace hannunta da ruwan Famfo]] A ƙasar Uganda, kiyasin kimanin mutane miliyan 7 na ƴan ƙasar Uganda ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha kuma kusan miliyan 28 na al’ummar ƙasar ba su da isassun wuraren tsaftar muhalli. A cikin 2022, Shirin Haɗin gwiwa (JMP), [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ya ruwaito cewa kashi 9 cikin 100 na al'ummar Uganda sun dogara ne da rashin ingantaccen ruwa ko ruwan sama don bukatun yau da kullun. A Kampala babban abin da ke haddasa gurbacewar ruwa shi ne kasancewar kwayoyin cuta masu saurin kisa a cikin magudanan ruwa da kasancewar sinadarin nitrates kamar yadda masu bincike suka gano. An ce rashin kula da sharar gida ne ya haifar da hakan da kuma wuraren da ba a tsara su ba. Yaran da ke tsakanin shekaru 12 zuwa 14 da suka yi mu'amala da ruwa mai dauke da nitrates an ba da rahoton cewa sun jinkirta amsawa ga haske da kara kuzari. [[Gudawa|Cutar gudawa]] kadai, daya daga cikin illolin rashin samun ruwa mai tsafta kuma daya daga cikin manyan masu kashe yara uku a Uganda, na kashe yara 33 a kowace rana rahoton [[UNICEF]] . Hakanan akwai sharar filastik da yawa a tafkin Victoria . Polyethene da kwalabe na filastik, sau da yawa ana amfani da su a cikin jaka, wrappers da fina-finai, suna ba da gudummawar 60% na ƙwayoyin microplastic da aka bincika, don haka ya sa ya zama mafi girma na gurɓataccen filastik na Lake Victoria . == Manazarta == {{reflist|3}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_Uganda_SoWMy_Profile.pdf Halin Ungozoma na Duniya - Bayanan Ƙasar Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005171543/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/resources/docs/country_info/profile/en_Uganda_SoWMy_Profile.pdf |date=2012-10-05 }} * [http://www.irinnews.org/film Fim kan Gideon Byamugisha da yaƙin da ya yi da cutar kanjamau a Uganda] [[Category:Muhalli]] [[Category:Uganda]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7dz3ve2ya1kde7umxnudhtasood6gyp 0 31360 967105 815358 2026-10-13T11:18:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Otuboi-Bata-road.jpg |thumb|Titin Otuboi Bata ]] [[File:Un-uganda.png|thumb|314x314px| Taswirar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Uganda]] [[File:LocationUganda.svg|thumb| Wuri na Uganda a taswirar Afrika]] [[File:Uganda_map_of_Köppen_climate_classification.svg|thumb| Taswirar Köppen ta Uganda]] '''Labarin Ƙasa a Uganda''' tana gabashin [[Afirka]], yammacin [[Kenya]], kudancin [[Sudan ta Kudu]], gabashin [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo]], da arewacin [[Ruwanda]] da [[Tanzaniya]] . Yana cikin tsakiyar yankin Manyan Tafkuna, kuma uku ne ke kewaye da su, Lake Edward, Lake Albert, da tafkin Victoria . Yayin da yawancin iyakarta ke bakin teku, [[Uganda]] ba ta da iyaka ba tare da shiga teku ba. Ƙasar ta kasance mafi yawan tudu mai fadin tsaunuka.<ref name="CIA.gov UG">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |title=Uganda |website=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |language=en |access-date=2018-10-12 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na wurare masu zafi kuma gabaɗaya damina yana da lokacin rani biyu (December zuwa Fabrairu, Yuni zuwa Agusta). Yana da ɗan ruwa kaɗan a arewa maso gabas. <ref name="CIA.gov UG" /> == Ƙididdiga == [[File:Uganda_(30773343263).jpg |thumb|Uganda ]] [[File:Uganda_sat.png|thumb| Taswirar tauraron Ɗan adam na Uganda.]] [[File:Kenya_sat.png|thumb| Taswirar tauraron Ɗan adam na Kenya.]] [[File:Uganda_Topography.png|thumb| Taswirar yanayi na Uganda.]] '''Wuri:''' ''jimlar:'' {{Convert|241551|km2|mi2}} ''ƙasa:'' {{Convert|200523|km2|mi2}} ''ruwa:'' {{Convert|41028|km2|mi2}} '''Iyakokin ƙasa:''' ''jimlar:'' {{Convert|2,729|km|mi}}''Kasashen da ke kan iyaka:'' Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo {{Convert|877|km|mi}}, Kenya {{Convert|814|km|mi}}, Sudan ta Kudu {{Convert|475|km|mi}}, Tanzaniya {{Convert|391|km|mi}}, Rwanda {{Convert|172|km|mi}} '''Matsakaicin tsayi:'''m''afi ƙasƙanci:'' {{Convert|614|m|ft}} Albert Nile a kan iyaka da Sudan ta Kudu ''matsayi mafi girma:'' {{Convert|5111|m|ft}} Margherita Peak akan Dutsen Stanley <ref name="CIA.gov UG" /> '''Albarkatun halitta:'''Jan karfe, cobalt, wutar lantarki, farar ƙasa, gishiri, ƙasar noma, zinariya '''Amfanin ƙasa:''' (2012) <ref name="FAO">{{Cite web |url=http://faostat.fao.org/CountryProfiles/Country_Profile/Direct.aspx?lang=en&area=226 |title=Uganda, Country Profile, ''FAO Stat'', Food and Agriculture Organization, accessed 16 July 2015 |access-date=21 April 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150717195731/http://faostat.fao.org/CountryProfiles/Country_Profile/Direct.aspx?lang=en&area=226 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ƙa''sar noma:'' {{Convert|6900000|ha|km2}} (kilomita {{Convert|6900000|ha|mi2}} ) 34.41%a''mfanin gona na dindindin:'' {{Convert|2250000|ha|km2}} {{Convert|2250000|ha|mi2}} ) 11.22%''Murfin daji:'' {{Convert|2810000|ha|km2}} {{Convert|2810000|ha|mi2}} ) 14.01%s''auran:'' {{Convert|80,931|km2|mi2}} 40.36% '''Ƙasar ban ruwa:''' (2012) <ref name="FAO"/> {{Convert|14000|ha|km2}} {{Convert|14000|ha|mi2}} ) '''Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa:''' {{Convert|66|km3|mi3}} (2011) ko {{Convert|60|km3|mi3}} (2012) <ref>[http://knoema.com/atlas/Uganda/topics/Water/Total-Renewable-Water-Resources/Water-resources-total-renewable-natural "Uganda - Total Renewable Water Resources - Water resources: total renewable (natural)", ''World Data Atlas'', knoema, based on FAO Aquastat, 2014, accessed 16 July 2015]</ref> '''Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu:''' zubar da dausayi don amfanin gona, [[Gandun daji|sare dazuzzuka]], wuce gona da iri, zaizayar kasa, bala'in hyacinth na ruwa a tafkin Victoria, farautar farauta '''Muhalli - yarjejeniyoyin duniya:''' * Yarjejeniyar Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya * Yarjejeniya Game da Kare Al'adu da Halitta na Duniya * Yarjejeniya kan Kiyaye Tsirrai masu ƙaura na Afirka-Eurasian * Yarjejeniyar Tsarin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] kan Sauyin yanayi * Yarjejeniyar [[Vienna]] don Kariyar Layer Ozone * Yarjejeniyar Kyoto ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi * Yarjejeniya kan Ciniki na Ƙasashen Duniya a cikin Nauyin Dabbobin daji da Flora da ke cikin Hatsari * Yarjejeniyar Basel akan Sarrafa Matsalolin Matsala na Tsararru masu haɗari da zubar da su * [[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku]] * Yarjejeniya kan bambancin Halittu * Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Yaki da Hamada a Ƙasashen da ke fama da Mummunan Fari da/ko Hamada, Musamman a Afirka * Yarjejeniyar Kare [[Shuka]] ta Duniya * Yarjejeniyar Kan Dausayi na Muhimmancin Ƙasashen Duniya, musamman a matsayin mazaunin ruwa na Waterfowl ''sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba:'' * Yarjejeniya kan Haramcin Sojoji ko Duk wani amfani da Dabarun Gyaran Muhalli. '''Labarin Ƙasa - bayanin kula:''' Uganda ɗaya ce daga cikin ƙasashe shida na Afirka waɗanda ke kan ma'aunin ƙasa. Mafi yawan yankin Uganda yana arewacin yankin equator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Population (2022) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/uganda-population/#:~:text=The%20population%20density%20in%20Uganda,593%20people%20per%20mi2).&text=The%20median%20age%20in%20Uganda%20is%2016.7%20years. |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kampala, Uganda Metro Area Population 1950-2022 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/22744/kampala/population |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.macrotrends.net}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Labarin Ƙasa na yawan jama'a == Yawan al'ummar Uganda shine 229/km . Biranen da suka fi yawan jama'a a Uganda suna cikin yankunan Tsakiya da Gabashin ƙasar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=What is the weather, climate and geography like in Uganda|url=https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/africa/uganda/|access-date=2021-05-08|website=World Travel Guide|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kampala]] ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a Uganda, kuma babban birninta na ƙasa da kasuwanci. Yawanta yana kusa da 3,652,000 kamar na 2022 tare da haɓaka 5.24% daga 2021. {{Trim|{{#section-h:Uganda|Largest cities and towns}}}} == Yanayi == Uganda tana da yanayin zafi mai tare da faɗuwar yanayin zafi a cikin 25-29°C (77-84°F) akan matsakaici. Watanni daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu sune mafi zafi, amma ko da a wannan lokacin maraice na iya zama sanyi tare da yanayin zafi a cikin kewayon 17-18°C (63-64°F). Uganda na samun ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na 1,000mm zuwa 1,500mm. Lokacin damina na daga Maris zuwa Mayu da kuma daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. A cikin waɗannan watanni, ruwan sama mai yawa na iya sa hanyoyi da filaye da wuya a bi. Lokacin daga Janairu zuwa Fabrairu da kuma daga Yuni zuwa Agusta sun bushe. === Canjin yanayi === == Duba kuma == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Uganda]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3vzgsemqg3i5rzyb3qxn1b3w8zy01t8 0 32359 966920 217157 2026-10-12T18:19:39Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Asogli_te_za_2018.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asogli_te_za_2018.jpg|thumb|Banner cikin Ho tallatuwa Asogli Te Za 2018 dake siffatarwa Togbe Afede XIV]] '''Bikin Asogli Doya''' biki ne na shekara-shekara da mutanen Asogli a cikin gundumar Ho da ke [[yankin Volta]] na Ghana ke yi. Ana gudanar da bikin ne a watan Satumba na kowace shekara don murnar noman doya da wani mafarauci ya fara yi a cikin dajin a lokacin da ya fara farauta. ==Tarihi== Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, noman dawa a tsakanin mutanen Asogli ya fara ne a lokacin da dawar da mafarauci ya boye a lokacin da ya fara farauta daga baya ta yi girma ta kuma girma. Mutanen Ewe na Ghana ne suka shigo da bikin a Ghana lokacin da suka yi hijira daga Notse a jamhuriyar Togo, inda har yanzu ake bikin. A shekara ta 2004, Togbe Aƒede XIV ya dawo da bikin Yam Festival da aka yi watsi da shi sama da shekaru goma. Tare da manufar ilmantar da jama'ar Ghana da masu ziyara game da al'adun Asogli, bikin Doya yana ba da dama don dandana kiɗan gargajiya, raye-raye, ba da labari da kuma babban durbar don kawo karshen bikin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/asogli-yam-festival|title=Asogli Yam Festival {{!}} Vegetable festival in Volta {{!}} Where? What? When?|website=www.tasteatlas.com|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/asogli-te-za-asogli-yam-festival/|title=Asogli Te Za (Asogli Yam Festival)|website=Visit Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> Togbe Aƒede XIV ya ba da jagoranci wajen hada kan sarakuna da yawa a duk fadin yankin Volta har zuwa wasu sassan Ghana da Togo. Sakamakon haka, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sarakunan sun halarci bikin Doya. A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2018 jihar Asorgli a taron manema labarai da aka gudanar a Ho ta sanar da sauya sunan bikin zuwa Te Za (Bikin Doya) don nuna tarihi da al'adun mutane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/853334/asogli-yam-festival-changed-to-asogli-te.html|title=Asogli Yam Festival Changed To Asogli Te Za|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> == Asalin noman doya == Ana kiran Yam “ete” a cikin Ewe. Kalmar a zahiri tana nufin ta kumbura. Tarihin baka ya nuna cewa wani mafarauci a cikin balaguron farautarsa ​​na yau da kullun ya gano amfanin gona a cikin dajin. A lokacin yunwa ne amma maimakon ya kai sabon tuber da aka gano gida, sai ya yanke shawarar boye shi a cikin kasa don amfani da shi na wani lokaci. Lokacin da ya koma don haka, don bacin rai, tuber ya yi girma ya girma. Haka aka fara noman doya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/asogli-te-za-asogli-yam-festival/|title=Asogli Te Za (Asogli Yam Festival)|website=Visit Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> == Asalin Bikin == An saukar da bikin dawa da Ewes ne daga Notse a jamhuriyar Togo inda ake ci gaba da gudanar da shi. Noman doya aiki ne mai matukar wahala, kuma tarihi ya nuna cewa a wancan zamani wasu mutanen da suka tsunduma cikinsa ba su yi rayuwa don cin moriyar aikinsu ba. Ya kasance, kuma har yanzu yana da ƙarfin aiki, sapping kuzari kuma yana da haɗari sosai, don haka karin magana “''Ne wonye eteti tsogbe wo dua ete la, ne egbor ma kpor etsroa ha du o''”. A zahiri, wannan yana nufin idan da a ranar [[shuka]] dawa ne ake ci dawa, akuya ba za ta taɓa dandana bawo ba. Don haka ana buƙatar himma kuma an nemi izini da jagorar gumakan ƙasar da kakanni a duk tsawon lokacin shuka ta hanyar girbi. A lokacin girbi wanda aka saba yi a watan Satumba, ana fara ba da alloli da kakanni da dafaffen dawa da aka daka, yawanci fari da mai, ana kiransa “bakabake”, kafin kowane mai rai ya ɗanɗana shi. Ana kiran wannan bikin "Dzawuwu". Bayan haka sai a ci sauran dawa da aka daka a matsayin abincin jama'a, alamar hadin kai da sulhunta dangi da dangi da sauran al'umma baki daya. === Manufofin Bikin === A matsayin godiya ga Allah, kuma ga alloli da kakanni don girbi mai yawa, da kuma lokacin gabatar da addu'o'in lafiya da wadata ga kowa. Samar da hadin kai ta hanyar afuwa da sulhu. A matsayin taron hada-hadar hannun jari na shekara-shekara don duk wani aiki na sana'a, musamman noma. Don tara albarkatun ɗan adam da na kayan aiki na Jahar Asogli don samar da ayyukan yi da wadata. Domin yin aiki a matsayin sake tabbatar da mubaya'a da dukkan sarakuna da al'ummarsu a jihar Asogli suka yi na shekara-shekara ga stool Agbogbome. == Manazarta == 0uqscytery9wjxgwodk23r450dysty4 0 35910 966851 303678 2026-10-12T14:39:21Z ~2026-54875-66 49973 /* */ 966851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Toyota Hilux Single Cab (Bahrain) 2019.jpg|Toyota_Hilux_Single_Cab_(Bahrain)_2019|right|300px]] [[File:Toyota Hilux 2.4 E 4x2 2020.jpg|Toyota_Hilux_2.4_E_4x2_2020|right|300px]] [[File:Toyota Hilux 2.4J 4x2 20221019.jpg|Toyota Hilux 2.4J 4x2 20221019|right|300px]] [[File:Toyota HILUX X (QDF-GUN125-DTTSH) interior.jpg|Toyota_HILUX_X_(QDF-GUN125-DTTSH)_interior|right|300px]] [[File:Toyota Hilux SR5 2018 Sat Nav.jpg|Toyota_Hilux_SR5_2018_Sat_Nav|right|300px]] An sayar da motar daukar kaya da sunan Hilux a yawancin kasuwanni, amma a Arewacin Amurka, sunan Hilux ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 1976 don goyon bayan Motar Motoci, Motoci, ko Karamin Mota. A Arewacin Amirka, sanannen kunshin zaɓi, SR5 (Sport Runabout 5-Speed), an yi amfani da shi a zaman samfurin sunan babbar motar, kodayake fakitin zaɓin kuma ana amfani da shi a kan wasu samfuran Toyota, kamar 1972 zuwa 1979 Corolla. A cikin 1984, Trekker, nau'in wagon na Hilux, an sake masa suna 4Runner a Venezuela, Australia da Arewacin Amurka, da Hilux Surf a Japan. A cikin 1992, Toyota ya gabatar da sabon samfurin ɗaukar hoto, matsakaicin girman T100 a Arewacin Amurka, yana buƙatar takamaiman sunaye ga kowane abin hawa ban da Motoci da Tikitin ɗaukar kaya. Tun 1995, 4Runner - SUV mai tsaye, kuma mafi kwanan nan model na Hilux sun bambanta a cikin bayyanar Tacoma. Tun lokacin da aka fito da samfurin ƙarni na bakwai a cikin 2004, Hilux yana raba dandamali iri ɗaya na ƙirar katako mai suna IMV tare da Fortuner SUV da Innova minivan.{{stub}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Nassoshi== 46abr7emzjnbqse3etvcrq1tbs8dtiw 0 38541 967088 272067 2026-10-13T10:08:53Z Zaujeel khair 49197 967088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sha'aban Ibrahim Sharada''' (an haife shi ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da tamanin da biyu 1982), ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne kuma ɗan jarida daga [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano]] wanda ya kasance mataimaki na musamman ga shugaban [[Muhammadu Buhari|ƙasa Muhammad Buhar]]i kafin ya zama ɗan majalisar [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|wakilai]] a shekara ta 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-04-09|title='Ba ra'ayin Buhari ba ne sake tsayawa takara'|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-43700945|access-date=2021-04-30|website=BBC News Hausa|language=ha}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sha'aban ne a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1982 a unguwar Sharada da ke karamar [[Kano (jiha)|hukumar Kano]][[Kano Municipal|,]] ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Salamta, sannan ya halarci Sakandaren Gwamnati na Sharada. Ya yi Digirin sa na farko a fannin (Mass Communication) a [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero, Kano]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2019-01-18|title=Shaaban Ibrahim Sharada Is APC Candidate For Kano Municipal Federal Constituency -INEC|url=https://www.solacebase.com/2019/01/18/shaaban-ibrahim-sharada-is-apc-candidate-for-kano-municipal-federal-constituency-inec/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=SolaceBase|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-27|title=The story of Sha’aban Sharada – President Buhari's most powerful media aide|url=https://dailynigerian.com/the-story-of-shaaban-sharada-president-buharis-most-powerful-media-aide/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Daily Nigerian|language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin jarida == Sha'aban Sharada ya fara aiki ne a matsayin mataimaki na kasuwanci a [[Freedom Radio Nigeria]] da ke jihar Kano har zuwa lokacin da ya zama mataimaki na musamman ga shugaban tarayyar Najeriya [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammad Buhari]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-08|title=SATIRE SATURDAY: Jubril Al-sudaniy and why Buhari's media aides need aides|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/299882-satire-saturday-jubril-al-sudaniy-and-why-buharis-media-aides-need-aides.html|access-date=2021-04-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-15|title=Buhari's supporter arraigned for alleged impersonation {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/258747-buharis-supporter-arraigned-for-alleged-impersonation.html|access-date=2021-04-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Siyasa == Sha'aban ya fara harkar siyasa ne a shekarar 2009 a lokacin da yake karatun digiri na farko inda ya tsaya takarar Sakataren yada Labarai na Kungiyar Dalibai ta kasa ta kasa reshen Jihar Kano kuma ya fara nada shi a matsayin Mataimaki na Musamman ga Shugaban [[Najeriya|Tarayyar Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari.]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2019-01-18|title=Shaaban Ibrahim Sharada Is APC Candidate For Kano Municipal Federal Constituency -INEC|url=https://www.solacebase.com/2019/01/18/shaaban-ibrahim-sharada-is-apc-candidate-for-kano-municipal-federal-constituency-inec/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=SolaceBase|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-27|title=The story of Sha’aban Sharada – President Buhari's most powerful media aide|url=https://dailynigerian.com/the-story-of-shaaban-sharada-president-buharis-most-powerful-media-aide/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Daily Nigerian|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-08|title=SATIRE SATURDAY: Jubril Al-sudaniy and why Buhari's media aides need aides|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/299882-satire-saturday-jubril-al-sudaniy-and-why-buharis-media-aides-need-aides.html|access-date=2021-04-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-15|title=Buhari's supporter arraigned for alleged impersonation {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/258747-buharis-supporter-arraigned-for-alleged-impersonation.html|access-date=2021-04-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an zabi Sha'aban mamba a babban zaben Najeriya na 2019 don wakiltar [[Kano Municipal]] Constituency a majalisar wakilai ta Najeriya. A halin yanzu shi ne shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan tsaro da leken asiri.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jos|first=Abdullateef Abubakar|date=2019-08-01|title=Shaaban Sharada To Establish N100m Foundation For Vulnerable|url=https://www.solacebase.com/2019/08/01/shaaban-sharada-to-establish-n100m-foundation-for-vulnerable/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=SolaceBase|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ShineYourEye|url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/ibrahim-sha-aban-sharada|access-date=2021-04-30|website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tracker|first=Nigerian|date=2021-02-16|title=Sha’aban Sharada Accuses Ganduje of plot to destabilise APC|url=https://nigeriantracker.com/2021/02/16/shaaban-sharada-accuses-ganduje-of-plot-to-destabilise-apc/|access-date=2021-04-30|website=Nigerian Tracker|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Yan siyasa a najeriya]] [[Category:Yan majalisan wakilai]] m80psv6c04kmrcnn2xfh9mgr2o89enb 0 47890 966820 938582 2026-10-12T13:39:46Z Nura Bello 24854 966820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun a shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dinkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} 1l44xyjod3bvvmlqmks2700fn4ci1tl 966822 966820 2026-10-12T13:41:22Z Nura Bello 24854 966822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dunkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun a shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dinkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} t13tev0mnqtknkwdy27lwzlvctg3805 966825 966822 2026-10-12T13:42:20Z Nura Bello 24854 966825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dunkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun na shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dinkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} 8sa2u02wm61733pk9pcu8obk5uzzi82 966829 966825 2026-10-12T13:46:42Z Nura Bello 24854 966829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dunkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun na shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa shekarar 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dinkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} emit9pdplp4i9n2bcwm23hghls5w4sn 966832 966829 2026-10-12T13:49:53Z Nura Bello 24854 966832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dunkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun na shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa shekarar 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dinkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} p63l07qbvdiqkzzlj6aw3g8i1hkt1eh 966833 966832 2026-10-12T13:51:25Z Nura Bello 24854 966833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''8Sanarwa kan Haƙƙin ƴan Asalin Ƙasa''' ( '''UNDRIP''' ko '''DOTROIP'''<ref>{{cite web |url = https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |title = DOTROIP-24-2-PDF |access-date = 2018-09-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180903150950/https://zhengchunjanet.tk/pokahzgtqsfndjiecxwulmryavb5f3afaf155.pdf |archive-date = 2018-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) {{NoteTag|Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa and Ukraine}}<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples |website = United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151101044521/http://undesadspd.org/IndigenousPeoples/DeclarationontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples.aspx |archive-date=November 1, 2015|url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2015 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> wani ƙuduri ne da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] wato (UNICEF ) ta zartar a shekara ta 2007. Yana zayyanawa da fayyace [[Haƙƙoƙin yan asalin ƙasa|haƙƙoƙin ɗaiɗai da na gamayya na ƴan asalin ƙasar]], gami da [[Haƙƙin mallakar ƙasa|haƙƙin mallakarsu]] na furuci na al'adu da na biki, asalinsu, harshe, aiki, lafiya, ilimi, da sauran batutuwa. Mallakar su kuma ta shafi kare dukiyoyinsu na ilimi da al'adu . Sanarwar "tana jaddada haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar don kiyayewa da ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, al'adu da al'adun su, da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban su daidai da bukatunsu da burinsu." Ya "haramta wariya ga 'yan asalin kasar," kuma yana "inganta cikakkiyar damar su cikin duk abin da ya shafe su da kuma 'yancinsu na kasancewa da bambanci da kuma bin manufofinsu na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa". <ref name="FAQ" /> Manufar sanarwar ita ce karfafa gwiwar kasashe su yi aiki tare da 'yan asalin kasar don warware batutuwan duniya, kamar su ci gaba, dimokuradiyya mai al'adu da yawa, da mulkin kama karya . A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dunkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. Tun daga shekara ta 2007, kasashe hudu da suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa sun sauya matsayinsu kuma yanzu suna goyon bayan sanarwar. Tun daga watan Fabrairun na shekarar 2020, ''Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF'), yan asalin ƙasar'' sun bayyana (A/RES/61/295) a matsayin "...mafi cikakken kayan aikin ƙasa da ƙasa kan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yana kafa tsarin duniya mafi ƙanƙanta na ma'auni don rayuwa, mutunci da jin daɗin ƴan asalin duniya kuma yana yin ƙarin bayani game da ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴancin da ake da su yayin da suka shafi takamaiman yanayi na ƴan asalin ƙasar." A matsayin sanarwar Babban Taro, UNDRIP ba kayan aiki ba ne na doka a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da ƙasa . A cewar sanarwar manema labarai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, "yana wakiltar ci gaba mai karfi na ka'idojin shari'a na kasa da kasa kuma yana nuna kudurin kasashe mambobin MDD na tafiya a wasu wurare"; Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNICEF) ta bayyana shi a matsayin kafa wani muhimmin ma'auni na kula da 'yan asalin kasar wanda babu shakka zai zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki wajen kawar da [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|take hakkin bil'adama]] a kan 'yan asalin duniya miliyan 370, da kuma taimaka musu wajen yaki da wariya ." UNDRIP ta tsara "korafe-korafen tarihi na 'yan asalin ƙasar, ƙalubalen zamani da burin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu" kuma shine "ƙarshen ƙoƙarin da ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ke yi na tsawon tsararraki don samun hankalin duniya, don tabbatar da amincewa ga burinsu, da kuma samar da goyon baya ga manufofin siyasa." <ref name="Coates_2013" /> Shugaban bincike na Kanada kuma memba na malami a Jami'ar Saskatchewan Ken Coates yayi jayayya cewa UNDRIP tana da ƙarfi tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar, yayin da gwamnatocin ƙasa basu fahimci tasirin sa ba tukuna. == Tarihi == Tushen wannan ikirari ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1923 da 1925 tare da ayyukan Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh da Māori TW Ratana, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin kawo batutuwan ƙasar Kanada da gazawar ƙasar New Zealand don tabbatar da yarjejeniyoyin ga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta riga ta gabatar. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=105–132}}</ref> An fara sake nazarin batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan sikelin duniya a cikin shekarar 1982 tare da kafa Ƙungiyar Aiki akan 'Yan Asalin, wanda Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi (ECOSOC) ta kafa. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar wani babban takarda wanda zai taimaka wajen kare haƙƙoƙi da gata na ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin duniya. Sanarwar ta shiga cikin zane-zane da yawa daga shekarar 1994 zuwa shekarar 2006, kuma an riga an ba da shawarar sigar ta sanarwar [[Vienna]] da Shirin Aiki a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>[[Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action]], Part II, paragraph 29</ref> A ranar Alhamis, 13 ga watan Satumban shekarar 2007, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kada kuri’a da rinjaye na 144 (4 suka ki amincewa, 11 suka ki amincewa) na sanarwar. A cikin watan Mayun 2016, Kanada a hukumance ta cire matsayinta na rashin amincewa da UNDRIP, kusan shekaru goma bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi. A shekara ta 2016, ƙasashe Ostiraliya, New Zealand, da kuma Amurka ta Amurka, wadanda su ma suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da sanarwar, sun sauya matsayinsu tare da nuna goyon baya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples.html |title = United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples {{!}} United Nations For Indigenous Peoples |website=www.un.org |access-date=2019-04-22 }}</ref> == Aikace-aikace na yanzu == === Ayyuka === Jihohi da yawa bayan daular da ke da manyan ɓangarorin masu ƙaura-mallaka na yawan jama'a suna aiwatar da matakai don gane da kuma gane a aikace haƙƙoƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lrwc.org/canada-must-implement-the-un-declaration-of-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-update/ |title=Canada: Implementation of UNDRIP is now the law |date= June 29, 2021}}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da ƙasar New Zealand, Kanada, da Ostiraliya.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/opinions/incorporating-undrip-australian-law-would-kickstart-important-progress |title = Incorporating UNDRIP into Australian law would kickstart important progress|date= September 13, 2021}}</ref> === Inkarin samuwar ‘yan asalin kasar === Jihohi da dama ba su amince da ƴan tsirarun ƙabilun da ke cikin yankunansu a matsayin ƴan asalin ƙasar ba, kuma kawai suna kiran su a matsayin tsiraru. Da yawa daga cikin waɗannan tsirarun ƙabilun an keɓe su daga mafi rinjayen ƙabilun a cikin matakan aiwatar da zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa kuma ba a kare hakkinsu na asali ba.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/27/china-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples-the-tibetan-case/ |title= China & the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Tibetan Case|date= May 27, 2014}}</ref> Masu rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar UNDRIP da suka yi watsi da manufar da aka bayyana a cikin labaran UNDRIP sun hada da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin da Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://unpo.org/article/22155 |title= Denied Recognition: Vietnam's refusal to recognize the indigenous and religious rights of the Khmer Krom}}</ref> == Manufa == Saboda tashe-tashen hankula da cin zarafi da aka yi a baya da kuma cin zarafi na ƴan asalin ƙasar da al'umma, majalisar dunkin duniya ta ƙirƙiri wannan sanarwar da ba ta bin doka ba a matsayin buri na yadda ya kamata a bi da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wannan ikirari ƙudiri ne, ma'ana ba takarda ce mai ɗaukar doka ba. Ba a la'akari da 'yan asalin ƙasa a matsayin ƙasashe na siyasa kuma ba su da damar samun kariya ta dokokin kasa da kasa ta hanyar kotun shari'a ta fadin duniya. Mataki na 40 ya bayyana cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar suna da 'yancin bin hanyoyin da suka dace don magance rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice da kasashe ko wasu bangarori, saboda 'yan asalin ba za su iya amfani da kotun shari'a ta duniya ba, UNDRIP ba ta da wata alamar da 'yan asalin yankin za su iya kawo rikici. ku. Manufar sanarwar ba ita ce samar da sabbin hakkoki ba, a'a, ta yi magana ne kan batutuwa irin su sulhunta 'yan asalin kasar dangane da maido da kare al'adu, al'adu da cibiyoyi na asali da kuma neman ci gaban kai.<ref name="Reconciliation">{{cite web |url = https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |title = FAQ: B.C. Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act - Province of British Columbia |author = Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation |website = www2.gov.bc.ca |access-date = 2019-11-15 |archive-date = 2021-11-23 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211123084046/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/frequently-asked-questions-the-united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Abun ciki == An kuma tsara sanarwar azaman ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, tare da ƙa'idodi 23 na farko da labarai 46. A yawancin labarai, an haɗa burin yadda Jiha ta inganta da kuma kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa (duba tanada don ƙarin bayani). Manyan jigogi na labarin sun haɗa da: * Haƙƙin ƴncin cin gashin kansu na' yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (Mataki 1 - 8; 33 - 34) ** Bambanci yana tsakanin mutum da ƙungiyar mutane * Hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane don kare al'adunsu ta hanyar ayyuka, harsuna, ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da addini, gami da kula da dukiyarsu ta ilimi (Mataki 9 - 15, 16, 25, da 31) * Ya tabbatar da 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar don samun irin mulkin mallaka da ci gaban tattalin arziki (Mataki na 17 - 21, 35 - 37) * Hakkin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 23 - 24) * Kare ƙananan rukuni misali tsofaffi, mata, da yara (Mataki na 22) * Hakkin ƙasa daga mallaka (ciki har da biyan kuɗi, ko dawo da ƙasa watau Mataki na 10) ga batutuwan muhalli (Mataki na 26 - 30, da 32) * Ya ba da umarnin yadda ya kamata a fahimci wannan takaddar a cikin bayanin nan gaba (Mataki na 38 - 46). === Tanadi === Budewa da Mataki na 2 na sanarwar sun ba da cewa "'yan asalin ƙasar daidai suke da sauran mutane" (source). Bayan tabbatar da haƙƙin da ƴan asalin ƙasar da jama'a suke da shi a matsayin sauran al'ummomi, akwai Labarun (23 na 46) da ke nuni da yadda ya kamata Jihohi suyi mu'amala da sanarwar. Yawancin labaran suna nuni ne ga Jihohin da ke aiki tare da ƴan asalin ƙasar. Wasu matakan da aka ba da shawarar a ɗauka su ne: * Don dawo da ƙasa (mataki na 26), abubuwa na bikin (mataki 12), da ragowar mutum (mataki 12) * Don sanya "shirye-shiryen saka idanu, kiyayewa, da kuma maido da lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar" (mataki na 29) * Don karewa da kuma tabbatar da hakkokin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutane (ƙaddamarwa a cikin labarai da yawa; duba Sanarwar) == Tattaunawa da tallafi == Sanarwar ta kasance sama da shekaru 25 a cikin yin. Wannan ra'ayin ya samo asali ne a shekarar 1982 lokacin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (ECOSOC) ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki kan 'yan asalin ƙasar (WGIP), wanda aka kafa sakamakon binciken da mai ba da rahoto na musamman [[José Ricardo Martínez Cobo]] ya yi game da matsalar nuna bambanci da' yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta. An ba da aikin haɓaka ƙa'idodin haƙƙin ɗan adam waɗanda za su kare 'yan asalin ƙasar, a cikin 1985 Ƙungiyar Aiki ta fara aiki a kan tsara Sanarwar kan' Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. An kammala daftarin a shakarar 1993 kuma an gabatar da shi ga Kwamitin Kwamitin kan Rigakafin Nuna Bambanci da Kare 'Yan Ƙananan Hukumomi, wanda ya ba da amincewarsa a shekara mai zuwa. A lokacin wannan Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar 'yan asalin ƙasar da kabilanci, a shakarar 1989.<ref>[https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Adopted by the Human Rights Council on 29 June 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html |date=January 20, 2012 }} United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.</ref> An tura Yarjejeniyar ga Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam, wacce ta kafa wata Ƙungiyar Aiki don bincika sharuddan ta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa wannan Kungiyar Aiki ta haɗu a lokuta 11 don bincikawa da daidaitawa da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar da tanadinta. Ci gaba ya yi jinkiri saboda damuwar wasu jihohi game da wasu mahimman tanadi na Sanarwar, kamar haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar don ƙaddamar da kansu da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa da ke cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na' yan asalin ƙasar. An karɓi sashi na ƙarshe na sanarwar a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 2006, ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam mai mambobi 47 (kungiyar da ta maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam), tare da kasashe mambobi 30 da ke cikin ni'ima, 2 a kan, 12 da suka ƙi, da 3 ba su nan. An gabatar da sanarwar (takardar A/61/L.67) ga Babban Taron, wanda ya kada kuri'a kan karɓar shawarar a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2007, a lokacin zamanta na 61 na yau da kullun.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm Indigenous rights outlined by UN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928081940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6993776.stm |date=September 28, 2013 }} BBC News, 13 September 2007.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Zaɓe ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" |Adadi ! style="text-align:left; background:#e9e9e9; vertical-align:top;" |Ƙasashe |- |{{Yes|Amincewa}} |143 |Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe |- |{{No|Reject}} |4 |Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and United States<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{maybe|Abstain}} |11 |Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burundi, Colombia, Georgia, Kenya, Nigeria, Russian Federation, Samoa, and Ukraine<ref name="votelist" /> |- |{{TBA|Absent}} |34 |Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Israel, Kiribati, Kyrgyzstan, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Montenegro, Morocco, Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vanuatu<ref name="votelist" /> |} Dukkanin ƙasashe mambobi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun kasance sun samo asali ne a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Biritaniya|Daular Burtaniya]], kuma suna da mafi yawan mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, dukkan kasashe huɗu sun koma don amincewa da sanarwar ta wata hanya ta al'ada wacce ba za ta zama doka mai ɗaurewa a kotu ba. ƙasar Kanada, a karkashin jagorancin Jam'iyyar Conservative ta yi sanarwa ta hukuma game da aikace-aikacen UNDRIP a ƙasar Kanada.<ref name=":3">{{cite news|title=Liberals introduce bill to implement UN Indigenous rights declaration {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/liberals-introduce-undrip-legislation-1.5826523|access-date=2020-12-04}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=LEGISinfo - House Government Bill C-15 (43-2)|url=https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?Language=E&billId=11007812|access-date=2020-12-04|website=www.parl.ca}}</ref> Koyaya, Gwamnatin Liberal da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabanci a shekarar 2015, ta nuna goyon bayan Kanada ga UNDRIP. A ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2020, an gabatar da Bill C-15 ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar ƙasar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2021 don zama doka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Opposition to UNDRIP|url=http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131130185813/http://www.kairoscanada.org/dignity-rights/indigenous-rights/undrip/canadas-opposition-to-undrip/|archive-date=November 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular ƙasar Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Aiello|first=Rachel|date=2021-06-16|title=Bill to align Canadian law with UN Indigenous rights declaration passes to become law|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/bill-to-align-canadian-law-with-un-indigenous-rights-declaration-passes-to-become-law-1.5473285|access-date=2021-06-17|website=CTVNews|language=en}}</ref> An ƙalubalanci tsoma baki na Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya a karkashin sharuddanta ba tare da nasara ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=UW Law Digital Commons|url=http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234111/http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1233/22PRLPJ247.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=December 30, 2013|access-date=2013-12-29|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ƙasashe uku da suka guje wa, Colombia, Samoa, da Ukraine tun daga lokacin sun amince da takardar.<ref>UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, [https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html United Nations Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120122457/http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html|date=January 20, 2012}}.</ref> == Tallafi da sulhu == Sabanin ƙin farko na sanarwar da ƙasashe Australia, Kanada, New Zealand da Amurka suka yi game da damuwa game da shari'a (duk ƙasashe huɗu daga baya sun sauya matsayinsu don karɓar sanarwar a matsayin takardar da ba ta doka ba), jami'an Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran shugabannin duniya sun nuna farin ciki da karɓar ta. Sakatare Janar Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana shi a matsayin "lokacin tarihi lokacin da membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da 'yan asalin ƙasar suka sulhunta da tarihin su mai raɗaɗi kuma sun yanke shawarar ci gaba tare a kan hanyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci da ci gaba ga kowa". Louise Arbour, tsohuwar mai shari'a ta Kotun Koli ta Kanada a lokacin da take aiki a matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, ta nuna gamsuwa da aiki tuƙuru da juriya wanda a ƙarshe ya "ya kawo 'ya'ya a cikin cikakkiyar sanarwa har zuwa yau game da' yancin' yan asalin ƙasar". Hakazalika, an gaishe labarai game da karɓar sanarwar da farin ciki a Afirka kuma,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html Africa: Jubilation as UN Approves Indigenous Peoples Declaration] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215212/http://allafrica.com/stories/200709131047.html |date=September 26, 2007 }} AllAfrica.com, 13 September 2007.</ref> a taron Babban Taron da aka yi a New York, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Bolivia David Choquehuanca ya ce yana fatan kasashe membobin da suka kada kuri'a ko suka guje za su sake yin la'akari da kin amincewarsu don tallafawa takardar da ya bayyana cewa tana da mahimmanci kamar sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. Bolivia ta zama ƙasa ta farko da ta amince da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Evo Morales, Shugaban Bolivia, ya ce, "Mu ne kasar farko da ta juya wannan sanarwar zuwa doka kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci, 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Muna ganewa da kuma gaishe da aikin wakilanmu. Amma idan mun tuna da yakin 'yan asalin a bayyane, da yawa daga cikinmu waɗanda ke da hankali za su ƙare suna kuka da tunawa da nuna bambanci, ƙyamar.<ref>[http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html Aprueba ONU declaración de derechos indígenas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306055618/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/448939.html |date=March 6, 2008 }} ''El Universal,'' 13 September 2007.</ref> Stephen Corry, darektan ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin kasa da kasa ta Survival International, ya ce, "An yi muhawara game da sanarwar kusan kusan kusan karni arba'in. Shekaru da suka ga yawancin kabilun, kamar Akuntsu da Kanoê a ƙasar [[Brazil]], sun kashe da sauransu, kamar Innu a Kanada, sun kawo ƙarshen. Gwamnatocin da ke adawa da shi suna fama da kunya da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutanen da suka fi rauni. Da'awar da suke yi don tallafawa haƙƙin ɗan adam a wasu yankuna za a gan su a matsayin munafunci. "<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |title= AIATSIS Collection Access and Use Policy |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318185906/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/about-us/collections-access-use-policy.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |df=mdy-all |website= AIATSIS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|title=After 22 years, UN votes on indigenous peoples declaration|author=Survival International|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429234520/http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2499|archive-date=April 29, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Aboriginal ta ƙasar Australiya da Torres Strait Islander (AIATSIS) ta yarda da ƙa'ida kuma tana kiyaye ƙa'idodin Sanarwa a cikin ''Manufofin Samun Tarin su da Amfani da su'' da ''Jagororinsu domin Binciken ɗabi'a a cikin Nazarin Asalin Ostiraliya.''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |title = Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies |access-date=12 February 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110814/http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/research-ethics/guidelines-ethical-research-australian-indigenous-studies |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |df=mdy-all |date=2015-01-16 |website= AIATSIS}}</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Kafin amincewa da Sanarwar, kuma a cikin zaman 62 na Babban Taron, kasashe da yawa sun nuna damuwa game da wasu mahimman batutuwa, kamar ƙaddamar da kai, samun dama ga ƙasashe, yankuna da albarkatu da kuma rashin ma'anar kalmar " 'yan asalin ƙasar".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |title=Video Discussions on the Indigenous Peoples Rights Declaration |publisher=sommerfilms – Rebecca Sommer |access-date=26 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181048/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Z-FzCJ6-Y&list=PL5049A0699834E460 |archive-date= 2017-02-05 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Baya ga waɗanda ke da niyyar jefa kuri'a game da amincewa da sanarwar, ƙungiyar ƙasashen Afirka da Namibia ke wakilta sun ba da shawarar jinkirta mataki, don gudanar da ƙarin shawarwari, da kuma kammala la'akari da sanarwar a watan Satumbar 2007. Daga ƙarshe, bayan sun amince da wasu gyare-gyare ga yarjejeniyar, yawancin jihohi sun fahimci cewa kowace ƙasa za ta iya magance waɗannan batutuwan a matakin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Crook |first1=John R. |title=United States Joins Australia and New Zealand in Criticizing Proposed Declaration on Indigenous Peoples' Rights |journal=American Journal of International Law |date=2007 |volume=101 |issue=1 |pages=211–213 |doi=10.1017/S0002930000756454 |s2cid=140521665 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2272549 |access-date=12 October 2021 |issn=0002-9300}}</ref> === Ta hanyar ƙasashe masu adawa === Jihohi huɗu da suka kaɗa ƙuri'a sun ci gaba da nuna damuwa game da rubutun ƙarshe na sanarwar kamar yadda aka sanya a gaban babban taron. [shafin da Dukkanin ƙasashe huɗu masu adawa daga baya sun canza Ƙuri'un su don amincewa da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite book | publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press | isbn = 978-0-7735-3006-5 | last = Hall | first = Tony | title = The American Empire and the Fourth World : The bowl with one spoon | url=https://archive.org/details/bowlwithonespoon0000hall | location = Montreal; Ithaca | series = McGill-Queen's native and northern series, 34. | year = 2003 }}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin ƙasar Australiya ta yi adawa da sanarwar a cikin kuri'un majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2007, amma tun daga lokacin ta amince da sanarwar. Mal Brough na Ostiraliya, ministan Iyalai, ayyukan al'umma da harkokin yan asalin ƙasar, yana magana ne game da tanadin game da tabbatar da tsarin shari'ar al'ada na' yan asalin ƙasar, ya ce "Ya kamata a sami doka ɗaya kawai ga dukan' yan Ostiraliya kuma bai kamata mu shiga cikin ayyukan doka waɗanda ba a yarda da su a duniyar zamani ba."<ref name="Matters">[http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb//view_document.aspx?TABLE=HANSARDS&ID=2481341 Matters of Urgency: United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524190121/http://parlinfoweb.aph.gov.au/piweb/view_document.aspx?ID=2481341&TABLE=HANSARDS |date=May 24, 2011 }} Senate Hansards, 10 September 2007.</ref> Marise Payne, Sanata na Jam'iyyar Liberal na New South Wales, ta ƙara yin bayani dalla-dalla game da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Australiya ga sanarwar a cikin jawabi ga Majalisar Dattijan Australiya: * Damuwa game da nassoshi game da ƙaddamar da kai da kuma yiwuwar su da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin sanin gaskiyar zamani game da ƙasa da albarkatu. "Sun yi kama da, ga masu karatu da yawa, suna buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar waɗanda yanzu mallakar wasu' yan ƙasa ne, 'yan asalin da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba, sabili da haka suna da wasu mahimman damar tasiri ga haƙƙin wasu. " * Damuwa game da fadada haƙƙin mallaka na asali a ƙarƙashin sanarwar a matsayin mara amfani a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa da Australiya ta yanzu. * Rashin yiwuwar cin zarafin haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Sanarwar ga 'yan asalin ƙasar ga yardar da ba ta cancanta ba game da batutuwan da suka shafi su, "wanda ke nuna wa wasu masu karatu cewa za su iya yin amfani da haƙƙin veto a kan dukkan batutuwan jihar, wanda zai haɗa da dokokin ƙasa da sauran matakan gudanarwa. "<ref name="Matters" /> * Kayan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar a kan dukiyar ilimi, ta ainihi da ta al'adu, wanda "ba ya amince da haƙƙin wa su musamman, haƙƙinsu na samun damar ƙasar' yan asalin ƙasar da al'adun gargajiya da abubuwan al'adu inda ya dace a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasa".<ref name="Matters" /> Bugu da ƙari, cewa Sanarwar "ta kasa la'akari da nau'ikan mallaka daban-daban da amfani da za a iya ba wa 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma haƙƙin wasu ga dukiya a wannan batun". * Damuwa cewa Sanarwar ta sanya dokar al'ada ta asali a matsayi mafi girma ga dokar ƙasa, kuma wannan na iya "ba da damar yin ayyukan da ba za a yarda da su ba a duk faɗin hukumar", kamar azabtar da al'ada da kuma babban hukunci. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007 tsohon Firayim Ministan Australia John Howard ya yi alƙawarin gudanar da raba gardama kan sauya kundin tsarin mulkin Australia don amincewa da 'yan asalin Australia idan aka sake zabar su. Ya ce ya kamata a amince da bambancin asalin mutane da haƙƙinsu na adana al'adunsu. ==== Ƙasar Kanada ==== Gwamnatin Kanada ta ce yayin da ta goyi bayan "ruhu" na sanarwar, ta ƙunshi abubuwan da suka kasance "da gaske ba su dace da tsarin tsarin mulki na Kanada ba", wanda ya haɗa da Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin' Yanci da Sashe na 35, wanda ke ba da haƙƙin' yan asalin da yarjejeniya. Musamman, gwamnatin Kanada tana da matsaloli tare da Mataki na 19 (wanda ya bayyana yana buƙatar gwamnatoci su tabbatar da yardar 'yan asalin ƙasar game da al'amuran manufofin jama'a gaba ɗaya), da Mataki 26 da 28 (wanda zai iya ba da damar sake buɗewa ko ƙin ikirarin ƙasar da aka kafa a tarihi).A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2009, Gwamnatin Rudd ta amince da sanarwar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|title=Factbox: What is the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples?|newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007|access-date=25 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195634/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=eec0b550-e95a-492b-8801-6ede20a2d35e|archive-date=November 2, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Tsohon Ministan Harkokin ƙasar Indiya da Ci gaban Arewa, Chuck Strahl, ya bayyana takardar a matsayin "maras aiki a cikin dimokuradiyya ta Yamma a karkashin gwamnatin tsarin mulki".<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |title = Native rights declaration inconsistent with legal tradition: Strahl |newspaper=National Post|date=13 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111011071636/http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=23df9769-3423-4f43-b828-a755725c2719&k=23677 |archive-date= 2011-10-11 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Strahl ya yi bayani dalla-dalla, yana cewa "A Kanada, kuna daidaita haƙƙin mutum da haƙƙin rukuni, kuma (wannan) takarda ... ba shi da wani daga cikin hakan. Ta hanyar sanya hannu, kun saba da wannan takardar ta hanyar cewa kawai haƙƙoƙin da ke wasa a nan su ne haƙƙoƙcin Al'ummai na Farko. Kuma, ba shakka, a Kanada, wannan bai dace da tsarin mulkinmu ba. " Ya ba da misali: "A Kanada ... kuna tattaunawa akan wannan ... saboda (yancin 'yan asalin) ba su cin nasara a duk sauran hakkoki a kasar ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar la'akari da mutanen da wani lokacin ma sun zauna a waɗannan ƙasashe na shekaru ɗari biyu ko uku, kuma sun farauta da kamun kifi tare da Al'ummai na Farko." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007 don gayyatar Shugabannin Hugo Chávez da Evo Morales zuwa Kanada don matsawa gwamnati ta sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar, ta kira shugabannin jihohi biyu "shugabannin hangen nesa" kuma ta bukaci Kanada ta yi murabus daga membobinta a Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Turai.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |title=Tories defend 'no' in native rights vote |newspaper=Canwest News Service |date=14 September 2007 |access-date = 2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307021048/http://www.canada.com/montrealgazette/news/story.html?id=5a03839b-6ee5-4391-8cd8-fe9338ac7baf |archive-date=2008-03-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, a cikin jawabin Daga kursiyin, Gwamna Janar na Ƙasar Kanada ya ba da sanarwar cewa gwamnati tana motsawa don amincewa da sanarwar. "Mu ƙasa ce mai al'adun Aboriginal. Yawancin jihohi sun ba da izini ga sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Gwamnatinmu za ta dauki matakai don amincewa da wannan takardar burin a hanyar da ta dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki da dokoki na Kanada. " A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010, Kanada ta amince da sanarwar a hukumance amma ba tare da canza matsayinta ba cewa "mai son zuciya ne". An girmama jagoran ruhaniya na Anishinabek, Cif William Commanda (a shakarar 1908 -3 Agusta 2011) a bikin shekara-shekara na 21 na mako-mako na farko da aka gudanar a Montreal daga Agusta 2 zuwa 9, 2011, don murnar amincewar Kanada ta 2010 da sanarwar Amurka. Wakilin AFN Innu, harajin Ghislain Picard ya yaba da kakan Commanda saboda aikinsa wanda ya kasance "maɓalli ba kawai a cikin karɓar sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba, amma a duk aikin da ya kai shi a cikin shekaru 25 da suka gabata". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Romeo Saganash (memba na Cree na Majalisar Dattijai na Abitibiyan Baie-JamesNunavik Eeyou) ya dauki nauyin Dokar Mai zaman kanta C-641, "Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Ƴancin' Ƴan asalin ƙasar", wanda zai buƙaci gwamnatin Kanada ta tabbatar da cewa dokokin Kanada sun dace da UNDRIP amma an kayar da shi a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2015. A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2015, a cikin wata wasika ga mambobin majalisar ministocin lardin, Firayim Minista na Alberta Rachel Notley ta nemi kowane minista ya gudanar da bita kan manufofinsu, shirye-shirye, da dokokin da zasu iya buƙatar canje-canje bisa ga ka'idodin sanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Kanada ta lissafa tabbatar da UNDRIP a matsayin daya daga cikin "kira don aiki" na ƙasa a cikin rahotonta na karshe. A cikin shekarar 2016, Kanada ta amince da hukuma kuma ta yi alkawarin aiwatar da sanarwar gaba ɗaya. Da yake magana a taron dindindin na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan batutuwan ƴan asalin ƙasar, ƴan asalin da harkokin Arewacin Kanada Ministan Carolyn Bennett ya sanar, "Yanzu mun zama cikakken mai goyon bayan sanarwar, ba tare da cancanta ba. Ba mu da niyyar yin wani abu fiye da karɓar da aiwatar da sanarwar daidai da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada. " Bennett ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "haɓaka rayuwa cikin Sashe na 35 [na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kanada] da kuma gane shi a matsayin cikakken akwati na haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar Kanada. " A watan Yulin 2016, Ministan Shari'a na Kanada Jody Wilson-Raybould, memba na Kwakwaka'wakw First Nation, ya ba da jawabi wanda ya bayyana cewa "karɓar UNDRIP a matsayin dokar Kanada ba zai yiwu ba", saboda rashin jituwa da Dokar Indiya, dokar mulki ta yanzu. Gwamnatin tarayya ta yi alkawari a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2017 don sake sunan Ranar Aboriginal ta Kasa don ta dace da kalmomin da sanarwar ta yi amfani da su. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin lardin British Columbia ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta yi mulki bisa ga ƙa'idoji da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2019, ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta gyara dokokinta don dacewa da UNDRIP. BC ita ce lardin farko a Kanada da ta fara aiwatar da doka daidai da UNDRIP. Gwamnatin lardin British Columbia (BC) ita ce lardin Kanada na farko da ta fara kawo dokokinta tare da UNDRIP ta hanyar aiwatar da sanarwar BC kan Dokar Ƴancin' yan asalin ƙasar. Tsarin aiwatar da aiwatarwa da ke gudana an yi niyya ne don haɓaka sulhu a gaba a BC. Gwamnatin lardin tana aiki tare da Majalisar Kasashe na Farko, Taron Ƙasashe na farko da Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs, karkashin jagorancin Shugabannin Kasashe na BC don amfani da ka'idodin UNDRIP. Ministan Harkokin Kasuwanci da Sakamako Scott Fraser (dan siyasa) ne ya gabatar da dokar ne a karkashin gwamnatin New Democratic Party ta John Horgan. Majalisar Dokoki ta British Columbia ta lura da manufar Dokar kamar haka: (a) don tabbatar da aikace-aikacen Sanarwar ga dokokin British Columbia; (b) don ba da gudummawa ga aiwatar da Sanarwar; (c) don tallafawa tabbatar da, da haɓaka dangantaka tare da, hukumomin mulkin ƴan asalin ƙasar. Ya zuwa Nuwamba 2019, gwamnatin BC ta yi alkawarin sanya kusan CA $ 100 miliyan a kowace shekara a gefe ga al'ummomin First Nation, don su saka hannun jari a cikin nasu mulkin mallaka da sake farfado da al'adu; lardin ya kuma sadaukar da CA $ 50 miliyan don saka hannun jari cikin farfadowar harshe na al'ummomi na farko. Bugu da ƙari, sun aiwatar da shawarwarin Babban Cif Edward John don rage yawan yaran 'yan asalin da aka karɓa daga gidaje kuma aka kula da su. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, a shakarar 2020, Bill C-15, ''sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar'', Ministan Shari'a David Lametti ne ya gabatar da shi ga House of Commons wanda zai kawo dokar Kanada cikin daidaituwa da ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkinobho. Bill C-15 ya wuce majalisar dattijai ta Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuni, shakarar 2021, kuma ya sami amincewar sarauta a ranar 21 ga Yuni, a shekarar 2021 don zama doka. A yin haka Kanada ta zama ta farko daga cikin kasashe huɗu da ke da tarihi a matsayin mazauna mulkin mallaka na daular Burtaniya tare da yawancin mutanen da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka kada kuri'a don yanzu su karɓi UNDRIP. ==== ƙasar New Zealand ==== [[File:NZ_delegation_UN_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues.jpg|right|thumb|Wakilan New Zealand a taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Dindindin kan batutuwan 'yan asalin ƙasar. New Zealand ta amince da sanarwar kan 'Yancin' yan asalin ƙasar a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010.]] A cikin shekarar 2007 Ministan Harkokin Māori na Ƙasar New Zealand, Parekura Horomia, ya bayyana sanarwar a matsayin "marasa hakora", kuma ya ce, "Akwai tanadi huɗu da muke da matsaloli, wanda ya sa sanarwar ta dace da tsarin mulki da na shari'a na New Zealand".<ref>[http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm Māori Party's head in the clouds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013049/http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0709/S00272.htm|date=September 30, 2007}} New Zealand government press release, via [[scoop.co.nz]], 14 September 2007.</ref> Mataki na 26 musamman, ya ce, "yana kama da buƙatar amincewa da haƙƙin ƙasashe yanzu mallakar wasu 'yan ƙasa ne, ƴan asalin ƙasar da waɗanda ba' yan asalin ƙasar ba. Wannan ya yi watsi da gaskiyar zamani kuma ba zai yiwu a aiwatarwa ba. "<ref name="NZ support">{{cite web |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/3599153/NZ-does-U-turn-on-rights-charter|title=NZ does U-turn on rights charter |date=20 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850:new-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58:oceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110951/http://indigenouspeoplesissues.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4850%3Anew-zealand-statement-on-adoption-of-declaration-at-un-permanent-forum-on-indigenous-issues&catid=58%3Aoceania-indigenous-peoples&Itemid=80 |url-status=dead |title=New Zealand Statement Before 9th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues|archive-date=September 8, 2010}}</ref> == Bayani == {{reflist}} dyoeb7utotk9aidhyoxlaq0b7olj4if 0 54143 967014 963701 2026-10-12T23:26:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967014 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Kayode Kasum''' (an haife shine a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1992) daraktan fina-finai ne kuma furodusa a Najeriya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun daraktocin Nollywood kuma masu hazaka, inda fina-finansa guda goma sha biyu suka kasance cikin manyan [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|fina-finai 100 na Najeriya da suka fi samun kuɗi]] a watan Nuwamban 2025. A shekara ta 2024, an nada shi a matsayin daraktan Nollywood na uku mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da jimillar darajar da ake da ita a cikin gida. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranking Top 15 Nollywood film directors by domestic gross value |url=https://theradar.ng/ |access-date=2025-11-04 |website=theradar.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == .<ref>{{Cite web |last=kunleben |date=2021-03-20 |title=Kayode Kasum Biography: Age, Movies, Net Worth & Photos |url=https://www.360dopes.com/kayode-kasum-biography-age-movies-net-worth-photos/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=360dopes |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayode Kasum - Nollywire |url=https://nollywire.com/names/kayode-kasum/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref>An haifi Kasum a jihar Legas a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 1992. Ya halarci Kwalejin Model ta Jihar Legas, Kankon, [[Badagry]], don karatunsa na sakandare sannan daga baya ya ci gaba zuwa [[Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yaba]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=kunleben |date=2021-03-20 |title=Kayode Kasum Biography: Age, Movies, Net Worth & Photos |url=https://www.360dopes.com/kayode-kasum-biography-age-movies-net-worth-photos/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |website=360dopes |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kayode Kasum - Nollywire |url=https://nollywire.com/names/kayode-kasum/ |access-date=2025-04-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Sana'a == Kasum ya fara aikinsa a fannin shirya fina-finai a matsayin mai tsara zane-zanen motsi a Wale Adenuga Productions . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin furodusa a wani kamfanin talla. An fitar da fim ɗinsa na farko mai suna ''Dognapped'' a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolu |date=2017-01-21 |title=The Film Blog: We are curious about Kayode Kasum's 'Dognapped' » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/film-blog-curious-kayode-kasums-dognapped/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya sami karbuwa saboda fim dinsa ''[[Oga Bolaji]]'', wanda aka fitar a shekarar 2018, kuma ya yi wasu shirye-shiryen Nollywood, a ciki har da ''[[Sugar Rush (fim)|Sugar Rush]]'' da kuma ''[[Fate of Alakada]]'' na [[Toyin Abraham]] ''.'' Kasum ya ba da umarni sama da mintuna 10,860 na shirin telenovela na M-Net ''mai suna Unbroken'' da ''Riona'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Versatile Nollywood actor "Aaron Sunday" Stars on Mnet's New Telenovela "Unbroken". {{!}} DatJoblessBoi |url=https://datjoblessboi.com/versatile-nollywood-actor-aaron-sunday-stars-on-mnets-new-telenovela-unbroken/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=datjoblessboi.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505162250/https://datjoblessboi.com/versatile-nollywood-actor-aaron-sunday-stars-on-mnets-new-telenovela-unbroken/ |archive-date=2025-05-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daraktansa sun haɗa da ''[[Sugar Rush (fim)|Sugar Rush]]'' (2019), ''[[This Lady Called Life]]'' (2020), ''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards]]'' (2020), ''[[Quam's Money|Quams Money]]'', ''Castle and Castle'' Season 2, ''[[Soole]]'' (2021), da kuma fim ɗinsa na farko mai ban tsoro na tunani, [[Ile Owo|''Ile Owo (House of Money)'']] (2022). Shi ne kuma [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya da suka fi kawo kudi|daraktan fina-finai na huɗu mafi samun kuɗi a Najeriya]], inda kuɗin shigarsa ya wuce ₦767 miliyan. An zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda zai lashe kyautar The Future Awards Africa 2019 Prize for Filming kuma an saka shi cikin manyan daraktocin fina-finan Nollywood na shekarar 2020. A shekarar 2023, an karrama shi da bayar da umarni a shirin ''[[Wani abu Kamar Zinariya|Something Like Gold]]'', [[Áfáméfúnà: Labarin Nwa Boi|''Afamefuna'']] da kuma [[Far From Home (TV series)(TV series)|''Far From Home'']] . [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9t4hdjrduezrppe0p890c3nv3j4aqgi 0 57080 966850 523613 2026-10-12T14:35:27Z ~2026-54875-66 49973 /* */ 966850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:2022 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro.jpg|2022_Toyota_Tundra_TRD_Pro|right|300px]] [[File:Toyota Tundra at 2019 SF Auto Show.jpg|Toyota_Tundra_at_2019_SF_Auto_Show|right|300px]] [[File:2005 Toyota Tundra, Front Left, 04-11-2021.jpg|2005 Toyota Tundra, Front Left, 04-11-2021.jpg|right|300px]] [[File:TOYOTA TUNDRA (XK70) China (2).jpg|TOYOTA_TUNDRA_(XK70)_China_(2)|right|300px]] [[File:2023 Toyota Tundra interior.jpg|2023_Toyota_Tundra_interior|right|300px]] [[File:2007 Coca-Cola 600 - Gen. Peter Pace (1) - 070527-F-0193C-001.JPG|2007_Coca-Cola_600_-_Gen._Peter_Pace_(1)_-_070527-F-0193C-001|right|300px]] [[Fayil:2022 Toyota Tundra TRD Pro rear.jpg|thumb|toyota tundra]] '''Toyota Tundra''' Wata [[Mota|motar]] daukar kaya ce ta kera a [[Amurka]] ta kamfanin [[Toyota]] na Japan tun watan Mayun 1999. Tundra ita ce ɗimbin girma ta biyu da wani kamfani na Japan ya gina (na farko ita ce Toyota T100 ), amma Tundra ita ce ɗimbin girma ta farko daga masana'anta na Japan da aka gina a Arewacin Amurka. An zabi Tundra don lambar yabo ta Arewacin Amurka Truck of the Year kuma shine ''Motar'' Mota na Shekarar Mota a cikin 2000 da 2008. Da farko an gina shi a cikin sabuwar masana'antar Toyota a Princeton, Indiana, an haɓaka samarwa a cikin 2008 zuwa masana'antar Toyota's [[San Antonio]], [[Texas]], kuma ita ce kawai babbar motar ɗaukar kaya da aka kera a Texas. Tundra na farko yana da kamanceceniya da yawa tare da tsohuwar Toyota T100 da ƙaramin [[Toyota Tacoma]] . Waɗannan sun haɗa da raba amfani da 3.4&nbsp;Injin L V6 wanda shine injin saman-na-layi a cikin duka Tacoma da T100. Injin V6 zai zama injin tushe na Tundra, yayin da aka ƙara injin na biyu, 4.7&nbsp;L V8, V8 na farko don ɗaukar Toyota. Lambar ƙirar '''XK30''' tana nuna nau'ikan tuƙi na baya, yayin da '''XK40''' na tuƙi masu ƙafa huɗu. An gabatar da shi a bainar jama'a a watan Mayu 1999 a matsayin ƙirar 2000, samfuran Tundra da "motocin nuni" da farko an san su da T150s. Duk da haka, [[Ford]] da 'yan jarida na kera motoci sun soki sunan kamar yadda yake kama da shugaban kasuwa Ford F-150, kuma bayan karar da Ford ta yi, an sake mayar da motar samar da suna Tundra. [[File:Toyota-Tundra-StepSide.jpg|left|thumb| Toyota Tundra]] Tundra ya ɗan fi na T100 girma. Tare da ƙarfin samarwa na 120,000, tallace-tallace sun ninka adadin T100. A gabatarwar ta, Tundra yana da mafi girman siyar da abin hawa na farko don Toyota a tarihinta. An zaɓi shi a matsayin lambar yabo ta ''Motar Trend'' {{'}} Truck of the Year don 2000 da Mafi kyawun Motar Cikakkar Girma daga ''Rahoton Masu Amfani'' . An haɗa shi a cikin sabuwar masana'antar Toyota a Princeton, Indiana. Zaɓuɓɓukan injin da ke cikin Tundra sun kasance 24V 3.4&nbsp;Injin L V6 ''5VZ-FE'' wanda ya samar da 190 hp (142 kW) da {{Convert|220|lb·ft|N.m}} na juzu'i da ƙwararrun LEV 32 bawul 4.7&nbsp;L "i-Force" V8 engine ''2UZ-FE'' wanda ya samar da 245 hp (183 kW) da {{Convert|315|lbft|N.m}} na karfin juyi. Shafin 3.4&nbsp;L V6 kawai yana samuwa har zuwa 2004 kuma an haɓaka V8 don shekarun ƙirar 2005-2006 tare da sabon V6 da aka raba tare da Toyota FJ Cruiser. An riga an sami babban caja na Toyota Racing Development (TRD) don 3.4&nbsp;L V6 (samfuran 2000-2003) waɗanda suka yi karo da ƙarfi zuwa 260 hp (194 kW) da kuma {{Convert|260|lbft|0}} na juzu'i. TRD ya gabatar da zaɓi na supercharger na biyu don injin V8 (samfuran 2000-2003) a ƙarshen shekara ta biyu na samarwa wanda ya ƙara ƙarfin zuwa tsakiyar 300 . kewayon da karfin juyi zuwa {{Convert|400|lbft|0}} iyaka. An jefar da babban cajin V8 lokacin da Toyota ya fitar da sabuntawar VVT-i -equipped 4.7&nbsp;L engine a shekarar 2005. [[File:03-06_Toyota_Tundra_regular_cab.jpg|left|thumb| 2003-2006 Toyota Tundra na yau da kullun]] [[File:2005_Toyota_Tundra_Double_Cab_SR5,_Rear_Left,_09-24-2020.jpg|left|thumb| 2005 Toyota Tundra Double Cab SR5]] An sabunta grille a cikin 2002 (na shekarar ƙirar 2003), tare da sabon gado na Stepside da ake samu akan samfuran Access Cab. Tundra Double Cab, wanda kuma aka ƙara zuwa jeri a ƙarshen 2003 don shekarar ƙirar 2004, taksi ce mai ɗauke da ƙofofin baya huɗu, tare da cikakkun bayanai na ciki da na waje da aka kawo daga [[Toyota Sequoia]] . Gadonsa ya kusan {{Convert|5|in|mm|0}} ya fi tsayi fiye da Nissan Titan ko Ford F-150 . Hakanan {{Convert|13|in|mm|0}} ne tsawo, {{Convert|3|in|mm|0}} tsayi, kuma {{Convert|4|in|mm|0}} ya fi na na yau da kullun da kuma Access Cab iri, tare da {{Convert|12|in|mm|0}} dogon wheelbase. Biyu Cab ɗin yana samuwa ne kawai tare da injin V8, kuma yana ɗauke da lambobin chassis UCK31/41, dangane da ko an sanye shi da injin ƙafa huɗu. <ref name="IArch">{{Cite web}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da sabon injin V6 a cikin 2005, toshe aluminum 4.0&nbsp;L ''1GR-FE'' mai ƙima a {{Convert|236|hp|kW PS|0}} da {{Convert|266|lb·ft|N.m}} na karfin juyi. Hakanan a cikin 2005, 4.7 na yanzu&nbsp;An sabunta L V8 tare da fasahar zamani ta VVT-i mai canzawa ta Toyota kuma an ƙididdige shi a 282 hp (210 kW; 286 PS) da {{Convert|325|lb·ft|N.m}} na juzu'i yayin da 2006 sigar da aka mayar da su a {{Convert|271|hp|kW PS|0}} da {{Convert|313|lb·ft|N.m}} na karfin juyi. Injin duk da haka ya kasance daidai daidai ga waɗannan shekaru biyu kuma sake fasalin ya kasance ne kawai saboda canji a matsayin masana'antu don yadda aka ƙayyade bayanai. Saboda haka sauye-sauyen da aka ƙididdigewa na 2006 ba a zahiri ba ne a yanayi. r8f2s1scx64m1gmtftkosl5h4l1665d 0 59008 966849 795950 2026-10-12T14:32:55Z ~2026-54875-66 49973 /* */ 966849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:VOLVO S90 China.jpg|thumb|motar kiran Volvo S90]] [[Fayil:VOLVO S90 China (2).jpg|thumb|Volvo S90]] [[Fayil:Volvo S90 D5 AWD Inscription SPA Crystal White Pearl (10).jpg|thumb|Volvo S90]] '''Volvo S90''' babban sedan ne wanda kamfanin kera motoci na Sweden Volvo Cars suka kera kuma suka tallata ta tun shekarar 2016. == Samfura == Samfurin 2017 (shekarar da aka hada samfurin farko), an samar da sedan gajera da kuma ƙirar ƙasa. A 2017, an siyar da guntun guntun keken hannu a Arewacin Amurka da Turai, yayin da samfurin keken dogo na farko an sayar da shi a China. Volvo ya yi nuni da yiwuwar bambance-bambancen kwamfyutoci, amma ba sai aƙalla shekarar 2020 a matsayin Polestar 1. === S90 === Kafin bayyanarsa, an nuna hotunan farko na hukuma na S90 a ranar Laraba, 2 ga Disamba, 2015. An bayyana S90 ga jama'a a cikin Janairu 2016, a Nunin Mota na Kasa da Kasa na Arewacin Amurka a [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] . An karɓi ƙirar S90 da kyau, inda ta sami lambar yabo ta ''Ƙirƙirar Mota na Shekarar'' 2015. Duk da yake ba magajin kai tsaye ga ƙarni na biyu S80 ba, S90 ya maye gurbinsa azaman sedan flagship a cikin jeri na Volvo. Akwai matakan datsa da yawa, kama daga ''Momentum'' zuwa ''Rubutun'' . A cikin Yuli 2016, an ba da sanarwar zaɓi na zaɓi, kunshin R-Design na kwaskwarima. An sanar da wani dogon wheelbase kuma ana samunsa a Amurka. Don shekarar ƙirar 2022 a cikin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], kewayon ya iyakance ga Recharge S90, sedan mai sauƙi-matasan . Sake cajin S90 an iyakance shi zuwa Plus da Ultimate matakan datsa tare da injin T8 AWD mai sauƙi-matasan, {{Convert|455|hp|kW PS|0}} 4-Silinda akwai tare da duk-tabaran-drive kawai. === S90L Long Wheelbase === Domin shekarar samfurin 2017, an yi dogon sigar wheelbase na S90 a China, da farko don waccan kasuwa. An shimfiɗa shi da 12 cm (4.7 in) a bayan ginshiƙin B. Wannan bambance-bambancen Sinanci na farko ba a yiwa alama "S90L". Don shekarar ƙirar 2018 gaba, dogon wheelbase S90 ya maye gurbin daidaitaccen ƙirar wheelbase a Amurka. An ba da wuraren motsa jiki biyu a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya suna samar da shekarar ƙirar 2018. Don shekarar samfurin 2023, an yi gyaran fuska na ciki na S90 a kasuwar China. === Production === A tsakiyar 2017, Shuka na Torslandaverken na Sweden ya daina samar da S90. Haɓaka da haɗaɗɗun jama'a ya ƙaura zuwa masana'antar Daqing ta kasar Sin. Har ila yau, an haɗa shi a cikin gida (CKD) a cikin Volvo Car Manufacturing Malaysia a Shah Alam, Malaysia da Volvo Trucks Bengaluru shuka a Indiya. === Gyaran fuska === A cikin Fabrairu 2020, an fitar da hotunan hukuma na S90 da aka sabunta tare da sabunta V90. Fitilolin wutsiya yanzu suna da alamomin LED masu jeri & bambance-bambancen rubutu suna samun kayan ado na chrome a gaban bompa. S90 yana samuwa ne kawai tare da lita 2.0, man fetur mai silinda hudu da injunan dizal daga dangin VEA (Drive-E). Ana cajin injinan mai mafi ƙarfi, kamar yadda nau'in toshe-in da ake kira ''T8'' . Injin dizal D5 ya ƙunshi sabuwar fasahar Volvo ''PowerPulse'' wadda aka ƙera don kawar da lag ɗin turbo, da kuma tsarin allurar i Art. == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jvixunkpl7l4a8czsedcipjpjqcxdj8 0 64657 967015 859873 2026-10-12T23:29:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Keane William Lewis-Potter''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda da farko a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya]], hagu ko hagu na hagu na kulob din [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] na Premier League . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Birnin Hull === [[Fayil:Keane_Lewis-Potter_2022_(2)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|245x245px|Lewis-Potter yana wasa a Hull City a 2022]] Lewis-Potter ya fara buga wasan farko a Hull City a watan Janairun 2019 lokacin da ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan FA Cup da Millwall . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keane Lewis-Potter |url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/teams/first-team/forward/keane-lewis-potter/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509192344/https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/teams/first-team/forward/keane-lewis-potter/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=Hull City A.F.C.}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, Lewis-Potter ya tafi aro zuwa Bradford (Park Avenue) don sauran kakar 2018-19. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2019, Lewis-Potter ya fara buga wasan farko a Hull City lokacin da ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Leonardo Lopes a minti na 89 a cikin asarar gida 1-0 ga West Bromwich Albion . A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2019, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Callum Elder kuma ya zira kwallaye guda daya na Hull da kuma kwallaye na farko a cikin nasarar 3-1 ga [[Barnsley FC|Barnsley]]. A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2021, Lewis-Potter ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangila tare da Hull City har zuwa lokacin rani na 2023. A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2022, Lewis-Potter an ba shi lambar yabo ta 'yan wasa uku na kakar wasa ta Hull City; 'yan wasan kakar, 'yan wasan magoya bayan kakar da kuma dan wasan kakar da manajan Hull City [[Shota Arveladze]] ya zaba. === Brentford === [[Fayil:Keane_Lewis-Potter_02082025_(6).jpg|thumb|Lewis-Potter ya sanya hannu bayan wasan a watan Agusta 2025]] A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin 2022, kulob din Premier League [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] ya ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Lewis-Potter kan kwangilar shekaru shida, don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Keane Lewis-Potter joins Brentford |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2022/july/keane-lewis-potter-joins-brentford/ |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712165039/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2022/july/keane-lewis-potter-joins-brentford/ |archive-date=12 July 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2022 |title=Lewis-Potter moves to Brentford |url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2022/july/lewis-potter-moves-to-brentford/ |access-date=12 July 2022 |website=wearehullcity.co.uk}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gida zuwa [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2023. Saboda raunin da aka samu ga mafi yawan 'yan wasan Brentford, Lewis-Potter ya taka leda a matsayin hagu na hagu don mafi yawan kakar 2024-25. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == In March 2022, Lewis-Potter received a first international call-up to the England under-21 squad for the upcoming 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification fixtures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=England MU21 squad for qualifiers with Andorra and Albania |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Mar/18/england-mu21s-squad-named-for-andorra-and-albania-games-20221803 |access-date=20 March 2022 |website=www.englandfootball.com}}</ref> He made his debut when coming on as an 82nd-minute substitute for [[Noni Madueke]] against Albania. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Lewis-Potter ya halarci Kwalejin St Mary, Hull . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keane Lewis-Potter: The 1% Club |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/the-long-read-keane-lewis-potter-interview-brentford-hull-city |access-date=30 November 2023 |website=www.brentfordfc.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 24 May 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |title=K. Lewis-Potter: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/keane-lewis-potter-/530007|access-date=10 January 2026|website=Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin EFL ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |Birnin Hull |2018–19 |Gasar cin kofin |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2019–20 |Gasar cin kofin |21 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |2 |- |2020–21 |Ƙungiyar Ɗaya |43 |13 |2 |0 |3 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]}} |2 |51 |15 |- |2021–22 |Gasar cin kofin |46 |12 |1 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |48 |13 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !110 !27 !5 !0 !4 !1 !3 !2 !122 !30 |- |Bradford (Park Avenue) (rashin kuɗi) |2018–19 |Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Arewa |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Brentford FC|Brentford]] |2022–23 |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |10 |0 |1 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |2023–24 |Gasar Firimiya |30 |3 |2 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |3 |- |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya |38 |1 |1 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |43 |2 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya |36 |3 |3 |1 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |41 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !114 !7 !7 !1 !10 !3 ! colspan="2" |- !131 !11 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !229 !34 !12 !1 !14 !4 !3 !2 !258 !41 |} {{Notelist}}'''Birnin Hull''' * EFL League One: 2020-21 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * EFL Matashi Mai kunnawa na Watan: Satumba 2020 * Hull City Player of the Year: 2021-22 * Hull City 'Yan wasa na Shekara: 2021-22 <ref name="Awards" /> * Hull City magoya bayan 'Yan wasa na Shekara: 2021-22 <ref name="Awards" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] nnzrpbf629ozqq0up8dj5wj3visthcm 0 68835 967026 931059 2026-10-13T00:11:56Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359096140|A Naija Christmas]]" 967026 wikitext text/x-wiki   A Naija Kirsimeti fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda Kunle Afolayan ya jagoranta kuma Abayomi Alvin, Kunle Remi, Efa Iwara da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a Netflix a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.[1][2] Shi ne fim na Kirsimeti na farko na Najeriya a kan Netflix . [3] == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na Kirsimeti == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lhjotm0csbdlf6713eymn82w2ldyoa3 967027 967026 2026-10-13T00:12:40Z Salma Raddah 45959 967027 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} A Naija Kirsimeti fim ne na Kirsimeti na Najeriya na 2021 wanda Kunle Afolayan ya jagoranta kuma Abayomi Alvin, Kunle Remi, Efa Iwara da Rachel Oniga suka fito. An saki fim din a Netflix a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2021.[1][2] Shi ne fim na Kirsimeti na farko na Najeriya a kan Netflix . [3] == Makirci == A Naija Kirsimeti ya ba da labarin wata tsohuwar uwa wacce ta damu saboda 'ya'yanta maza sun ki yin aure kuma sun ba da jikoki. Ta kalubalanci su ta hanyar miƙa ɗanta na farko ya auri gidan [[Ikoyi]] a matsayin gadonsa. Ajike yana yin rikodi a cikin ɗakin studio lokacin da Ugo ya shiga tare da kwanan wata. Ta ɓoye kuma ta lura yayin da Ugo ke ba da kwanan wata. Wasu mata sun shiga cikin sauri kuma sun haifar da rikici a cikin ɗakin karatu saboda Ugo ya yaudare su. A waje, ya ga cewa motarsa ma ta lalace. Mama ta shirya taro tare da matan da ba su da tabbas, amma an yi mata ba'a saboda ba ta da kakarta. A halin yanzu, Obi ya ba da shawara ga Vera a cikin girman kai da kuma zane-zane. Vera ta tafi. Mama ta ga raƙuman rai na shawarar Obi, sai ta fadi kuma aka kai ta asibiti. Mama ta tsawata wa 'ya'yanta maza saboda rashin yin aure. Ta sanar da su cewa na farko daga cikinsu da ya yi aure zai gaji gidanta. Tony Torpedo, wani shark mai ba da rance ya ziyarci Ugo don dawo da kudadensa. A kokarin neman abokin tarayya, Ugo ya kai ga tsohuwar harshen wuta ba tare da amfani ba. Obi ya kusanci Vera a wurin aiki. Ta bukaci shi ya faranta mata rai ta hanyar kirkirar babban filin wasa don samun ta. Mama ta dauki 'ya'yanta maza zuwa coci don neman yarinya "mai kyau". Ugo ta sadu da Ajike, mawaƙa kuma ta ba ta zaman studio kyauta. Don samun ƙaunar Ajike, Ugo ya ba da kansa a matsayin mai bugawa na coci. Matan makoma sun shirya bikin Kirsimeti a [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]] amma mahaifiyar Agatha ba ta iya halarta saboda an kira ta asibiti. Obi ya gabatar da ra'ayi ga kamfanin kebul a kusa da bikin gala na ghetto wanda suke so. Hakazalika, Vera ta ba da shawarar dare na kwanan wata. Chike da Ajike suna ƙoƙari su bayyana wa mazauna Mushin ra'ayin kogon. Ajike ya yi rikodin demo a cikin ɗakin studio na Ugo kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa wani taron dare. Ugo ya koma gida don ganin cewa an kwashe wasu kayan aikinsa. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Chike a gado tare da ɗaya daga cikin matan Mama na ƙaddara, Sammy. Ya fito da taron dare da aka gayyaci Ugo ya kasance mai tsaro na coci. Ajike ya ta'azantar da Ugo bayan Javelin ya doke shi. Ya tambaye ta a kwanan wata. Vera ta nemi Obi ya aure ta a bikin ofishinsu. Wannan a bayyane ya damu da Kaneng kuma ta yi ƙarya cewa ta dawo tare da saurayinta. Kaneng da Obi sun fita. Ugo da Ajike a ƙarshe sun tafi ainihin kwanan wata. Obi ya gaya wa Vera cewa ba zai iya auren ta ba saboda yana son Kaneng. Ta ba shi bulala mara kyau. Ya zama cewa Tony Torpedo tsohon saurayi ne na Kanengs. Ya ziyarci Obi kuma ya gargadi shi ya bar Kaneng shi kaɗai. Chike ta tafi gidan Sammy kuma ta yi mamakin samun mijinta a can. Ya bar cikin takaici. Ajike ya bugu kuma ya jagoranci zaman ibada a cikin kulob din dare. Ta farka a gidan Ugo. Ugo ya ba da shawarar dangantaka da Ajike kuma ta gaya masa cewa dole ne cocin ya ba da izini ga dangantakarsu. Cocin ya yi masa tambayoyi kuma ya yi gargadi game da kusanci kafin aure. Obi ya gabatar da Kaneng amma Javelin ya sadu da shi kuma ya kai shi Torpedo wanda ya bukaci a biya shi don lalacewar motsin rai ga sautin adadin da Ugo ya ci. 'Yan uwansa sun ziyarci Ugo wadanda suka nuna mamakin kayan aikin da ya ɓace. Ugo ta kalubalanci Ajike game da dangantakarta da Tony Torpedo kuma wannan a bayyane ya dame ta. Ta ce ta san Tony tun tana yarinya a Mushin kuma kawai ta je gana da shi don yin roƙo a madadin Ugo. Tony ya dawo da kayan Ugo. Kaneng da Obi sun daidaita. An sake bayyana cewa Obi ya biya Tony. Obi ya dauki Kaneng zuwa bikin Kirsimeti na iyali kuma mahaifiyar ta amince da ita. Ugo ya yi mamakin Ajike a cikin jam'iyyar kuma sun sake haduwa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Abayomi Alvin]] a matsayin Chike * [[Kunle Remi]] a matsayin Ugo * [[Efa Iwara]] a matsayin Obi * Rachel Oniga a matsayin Madam Agatha / Mama * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Vera * [[Segilola Ogidan]] a matsayin Ajike * [[Lateef Adedimeji]] a matsayin Tony Torpedo * [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]] a matsayin Cassie * [[Ade Laoye]] a matsayin Kaneng * [[Mercy Johnson|Mercy Johnson Okojie]] a matsayin Mrs. Bliss (Sammy) * [[Carol King]] a matsayin Deaconess Fakorede * Bayode Agbi a matsayin Shugaba na Kamfanin Cable * Onikosi Bukola Abisoye a matsayin uwargidan motsa jiki * Soledayo Adegbite a matsayin Amos * Temitope Olaiwola a matsayin Direban taksi * [[Wasiu Alabi Pasuma|Alabi Pasuma]] a matsayin Mai zane-zane na Musamman * Imoikor Joseph a matsayin Fasto * Joseph Jaiyeoba a matsayin Javelin == Karɓar baƙi == A cikin bita ga The New York Times, Lisa Kennedy ta rubuta "Tare da mummunar nods da aka yi da kyau ta hanyar 'yan karkatarwa, 'A Naija Christmas' na iya zama kamar nishaɗi duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na tsakiya-na-hanya. Wannan hanyar kawai ta ratsa Legas, Najeriya".Kunle Afolayan ya sami yabo saboda jagorancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=A Naija Christmas: Why Is It So Special and Hyped Up? |url=https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226200758/https://gizmostory.com/a-naija-christmas-why-is-it-so-special-and-hyped-up/ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |access-date=2021-12-26 |website=Gizmo Story |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na Kirsimeti == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} n0h547mzc4bhv5hq93zw7bzct93hok9 0 68846 967101 606086 2026-10-13T11:04:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''L'orage africain: un continent sous influence''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na na shekarar 2017 na ƙasar Benin wanda Sylvestre Amoussou ya jagoranta. Fim ɗin ya lashe kyautar Étalon de Yennenga (Yennenga Silver Standard) a shekarar 2017 PanaFilm and Television Festival a [[Ouagadougou]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-05|title="L'Orage africain" : Sylvestre Amoussou veut "montrer l'autre Afrique"|url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20170305-orage-africain-sylvestre-amoussou-montrer-autre-afrique|access-date=2021-11-12|website=RFI|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Armand KIENDREBEOGO|date=2017-03-06|title=" L'orage africain : un continent sous influence " de Sylvestre Amoussou|url=https://www.rtb.bf/2017/03/06/lorage-africain-un-continent-sous-influence-de-sylvestre-amoussou/|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina|language=fr-FR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112181642/https://www.rtb.bf/2017/03/06/lorage-africain-un-continent-sous-influence-de-sylvestre-amoussou/|archive-date=2021-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fespaco 2017 : l'Etalon d'argent pour "L'orage africain" de Sylvestre Amoussou|url=https://ortb.bj/archives/index.php/info/item/5783-fespaco-2017-l-etalon-d-argent-pour-l-orage-africain-de-sylvestre-amoussou|access-date=2021-11-12|website=ortb.bj|language=fr-fr|archive-date=2021-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112181643/https://ortb.bj/archives/index.php/info/item/5783-fespaco-2017-l-etalon-d-argent-pour-l-orage-africain-de-sylvestre-amoussou|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Orage africain : un continent sous influence (L')|url=http://africultures.com/films/?no=17139|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Africultures|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == 'Yan wasa == * Sylvestre Amoussou * Philippe Caroit * Sandrine Bulteau * Eriq Ebouaney * Laurent Mendy ne adam wata * Sandra Adjaho == Manazarta == [[Category:2017 films]] [[Category:Beninese drama films]] l24cu6m7aeqt5x72mkbfinpnkal6fr9 0 69978 966936 642919 2026-10-12T19:32:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Labarin Kafi''' ko '''''Kafi's Story''''' a turance wani fim ne na kabilanci game da rayuwar kabilar Nuba a Sudan, wanda [[Amy Hardie]] da Arthur Howes suka jagoranta. == Takaitaccen bayani == An harbe shi a tsakanin 1986 da 1988, ''Labarin Kafi'' ya dauki hotuna daga rayuwar mutanen Nuba kafin su shiga yakin basasar Sudan na biyu . Kafi, wani matashi daga ƙauyen Torogi da ke tsaunin Nuba a [[Sudan]], yana ɗaya daga cikin mazaje na farko da suka fara tafiya arewa zuwa babban birnin [[Khartoum]] don neman kuɗi. Samun kuɗi shine kawai hanyar da zai iya samun sutura kuma ya auri mata ta biyu, Tete. Shekaru goma bayan wannan fim din, Arthur Howes ya koma Sudan don yin fim din Nuba Conversations, inda yake so ya kama rayuwar mutanen Nuba a lokacin yakin. == Biki == * [https://archive.today/20130114230121/http://miff.com.au/60_years_of_miff/film_archive?movieid=22101 Bikin Fim na Duniya na Melbourne, Ostiraliya] (2000) == Kyauta == * [http://www.idfa.nl/industry/tags/project.aspx?id=5bb7fadd-9783-4c9e-b384-f3101f65844a Joris Ivens Award (wuri na uku) na IDFA - International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, Netherlands]{{Dead link|date=February 2020}}</link> [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] </link> (1989) * Kyautar Documentary a Documentary Expo na BBC, Ingila (1990) * Basil Wright Prize na RAI International Festival of Etnographic Films, Ingila (1990) <ref>matthias-schoebe.de/pdf/rai2011catalogue.pdf</ref> * Kyautar Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Halitta na Amurka (2000) == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * Loizos, Peter, ''Ayyukan Sudan: Fina-finai uku na Arthur Howes (1950-2004)'', Routledge, 2006 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [[imdbtitle:1820482|''Labarin Kafi'']] a [[IMDb|Database din Fina-Finan Intanet]] * [[imdbname:4052846|Arthur Howes]] a [[IMDb|Intanet Database Movie]] * [[imdbname:4271538|Amy Hardie]] a [[IMDb|Intanet Database Movie]] * [http://newsreel.org/video/KAFIS-STORY ''Labarin Kafi'''] a California Newsreel * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130160059/http://www.sudanupdate.org/Film%20page/nubafilm.html Sudan Update] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090523093041/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/459500 'Labarin Kafi] a Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta Burtaniya * [https://archive.today/20121202110156/http://www.bampfa.berkeley.edu/film/FN13467 Jami'ar California' Beverly Art Museum da Taskar Fina-Finan Pacific] * [http://www.filmbirth.com/sudan.html Tarihin Cinema a Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506014944/http://www.filmbirth.com/sudan.html |date=2012-05-06 }} * [http://www.newint.org/features/1992/12/05/caught/ ''An kama shi a cikin labarin Crossfire'' Arthur Howes] a cikin New Internationalist * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/dec/07/broadcasting.guardianobituaries Labarin game da Arthur Howes] a [[The Guardian]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124202724/http://www.nubasurvival.com/ Nuba Survival Foundation] == Nassoshi == [[Category:Fim]] hq93vyonp5yddzpifz4vql8stnvjp0t 0 71051 966925 915314 2026-10-12T18:21:21Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Religion in Quebec city, Quebec city 01.jpg|thumb|Masu addinin gargajiya]] '''Addinin gargajiya na afirka''' Imani da ayyukan mutanen yankin nahiyar [[Afirka]] sun bambanta sosai, gami da addinai daban-daban.<ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molefi_Kete_Asante</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34114180</ref>Gabaɗaya, waɗannan hadisai na baka ne maimakon nassi kuma ana watsa su daga wannan tsara zuwa wani ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi, waƙoƙi, da bukukuwa, <ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/64084086</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-94002-3</ref> <ref>https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Religious/article/view/20246</ref>kuma sun haɗa da imani ga ruhohi da alloli na sama da na ƙasa, wani lokacin har da mafi girma, da kuma girmama matattu, da yin amfani da sihiri da magungunan gargajiya na Afirka. Yawancin addinai ana iya siffanta su a matsayin masu rai <ref>https://doi.org/10.4102%2Ftd.v2i2.277</ref> <ref name=":1">https://sk.sagepub.com/books/integrating-traditional-healing-practices-into-counseling-and-psychotherapy/n11.xml</ref>tare da bangarori daban-daban na shirka da abubuwan ban mamaki.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section6.shtml</ref>Matsayin ɗan adam gabaɗaya ana kallonsa azaman ɗayan daidaita yanayi tare da allahntaka.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://hts.org.za/index.php/HTS/article/view/341/758#17</ref> A da, ana kiran addinin Afirka da 'gargajiya' amma wannan bai dace ba. An yi amfani da 'gargajiya' don bambanta addinin Afirka da addinin Ibrahim wanda ya zo nahiyar a sakamakon mulkin mallaka na addinai. Mulkin mallaka ya goyi bayan ra'ayin ƙarya na cewa Afirka ba ta da addini.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_note-10</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_note-11</ref> == Yaɗuwa == An rarraba mabiya addinan gargajiya a Afirka a tsakanin kasashe 43 kuma an kiyasta sun haura miliyan 100.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557258397</ref>Ko da yake yawancin mutanen Afirka a yau mabiya addinin Kiristanci ne ko kuma Musulunci, mutanen Afirka sukan haɗa ayyukan aƙidarsu ta al'ada da ayyukan addinan Ibrahim <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=4wL0y9fUEB8C&q=%22often+mix%22&pg=PA15</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=uTMOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22many+African+Christians%22</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=_LldeLvqQNsC&pg=PA266</ref><ref>https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpKESvthJtQeyjk57vyzOnY5l9cg</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-IDfqT6589kC&pg=PA40</ref>Waɗannan addinan biyu na Ibrahim sun yaɗu a faɗin [[Afirka]], kodayake galibi sun fi mayar da hankali a yankuna daban-daban. Sun maye gurbin addinan Afirka na asali amma galibi ana daidaita su da yanayin al'adun Afirka da tsarin imani. Imani na addini na Ibrahim, musamman abubuwan tauhidi, kamar imani ga mahalicci guda ɗaya, an shigar da su cikin addinan Afirka na al'adar shirka da wuri.<ref>http://www.greenwoodsvillage.com/gor/islam.htm</ref> [[File:The Zangbeto.jpg|thumb|Addinin Gargajiya]] [[File:Igbo medicine man.jpg|thumb|Gargajiya]] Ana kuma samun mabiya addinan gargajiya na yankin nahiyar Afirka a [[duniya]]. A ‘yan kwanakin nan, addinan kamar na Yarbawa da na Odinala (Addinin Ibo na gargajiya) na karuwa. Addinin Igbo da Yarbawa ya shahara a tsibiran Caribbean da wasu sassan Amurka ta tsakiya da ta Kudu. A cikin Amurka, Voodoo ya fi rinjaye a cikin jihohin da ke kusa da Tekun Mexico.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2013/08/25/215298340/ancient-african-religion-finds-roots-in-america</ref == Asali == Maɗaukakin imani na raye-raye yana gina ainihin ra'ayi na addinan gargajiya na Afirka. Wannan ya haɗa da bautar gumaka na koyarwa, bautar yanayi, bautar kakanni da imani ga rayuwa bayan mutuwa, kwatankwacin sauran addinan gargajiya/na halitta a duniya, kamar Shinto na Jafananci ko arna na gargajiya na Turai. Yayin da wasu addinan suka ɗauki ra'ayi na duniya tare da babban mahalicci mafi girma kusa da sauran alloli da ruhohi, wasu kuma suna bin tsarin shirka kawai tare da alloli, ruhohi da sauran halittu na allahntaka <ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/download/91437/80924</ref>. Har ila yau, addinan gargajiya na Afirka suna da abubuwa na totemism, shamanism da kuma girmama kayan tarihi.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/african-traditional-religion</ref> Addinin gargajiya na Afirka, kamar sauran tsoffin al'adun gargajiya a duniya, sun dogara ne akan al'adun baka. Wadannan al'adu ba ka'idojin addini ba ne, amma asalin al'adu ne da ake yadawa ta hanyar labarai, tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, daga tsara zuwa na gaba. Al'umma da iyali guda, har ma da muhalli, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar mutum. Mabiya sun yi imani da ja-gorar ruhohin kakanninsu. A cikin yawancin addinan gargajiya na Afirka, akwai shugabanni na ruhaniya da nau'ikan firistoci. Waɗannan mutane suna da mahimmanci a cikin rayuwar ruhaniya da ta addini na al'umma. Akwai malaman sufaye da ke da alhakin warkarwa da 'duba' - wani nau'i na sa'a da nasiha, irin na shaman. Wadannan masu maganin gargajiya dole ne kakanni ko alloli su kira su. Suna samun horo mai tsauri kuma suna koyon ƙwarewa da yawa masu mahimmanci, gami da yadda ake amfani da ganyen halitta don warkarwa da sauran, ƙarin ƙwarewar sufa, kamar gano wani abu mai ɓoye ba tare da sanin inda yake ba. Addinin gargajiya na Afirka sun yi imanin cewa kakanni suna kiyaye alaƙar ruhaniya da danginsu masu rai. Yawancin ruhohin kakanni gabaɗaya suna da kyau kuma suna da kirki. Mummunan ayyuka da ruhohin kakanni ke yi shi ne haifar da qananan cututtuka don faɗakar da mutane cewa sun hau hanya mara kyau<ref name=":2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Hornung</ref>. Addinai na asali na Afirka sun ta'allaka ne akan bautar kakanni, imani da duniyar ruhi, halittun allahntaka da yancin zaɓi (saɓanin ra'ayi na bangaskiya daga baya). Matattu (da dabbobi ko abubuwa masu mahimmanci) har yanzu suna wanzu a duniyar ruhu kuma suna iya yin tasiri ko mu'amala da duniyar zahiri. Siffofin shirka sun yadu a galibin tsoffin yankuna na Afirka da sauran yankuna na duniya, kafin bayyanar Musulunci, Kiristanci, da Yahudanci. Banda shi ne addinin tauhidi na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda Fir'auna Akhenaton ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya wajabta yin addu'a ga gunkinsa Aten (duba Atenism)<ref name=":2" />. Wannan gagarumin sauyi ga addinin Masar na gargajiya duk da haka ƙaramin ɗansa, Tutankhamun ne ya mayar da shi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-24</ref><ref>https://www.persee.fr/doc/assr_0003-9659_1963_num_16_1_1996</ref><ref>https://journal.fi/scripta/article/download/67031/27329</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.jstor.org/stable/1166258</ref> Manyan alloli, tare da wasu ƙwararrun alloli, ruhohin kakanni, ruhohin yanki, da halittu, jigo ne na gama gari a tsakanin addinan Afirka na gargajiya, suna nuna sarƙaƙƙiya da al'adun ci gaba na tsohuwar Afirka.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&q=traditional+african+religions+polytheism&pg=RA1-PA185</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=JBzGsr1bw6cC&q=christianity+judaism+islam+afroasiatics</ref>Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa wasu ra'ayoyi na tauhidi, kamar imani da wani babban allah ko karfi (kusa da sauran alloli, alloli da ruhohi, wani lokaci ana ganin su a matsayin masu shiga tsakani tsakanin mutane da mahalicci) sun kasance a cikin Afirka, kafin gabatar da addinan Ibrahim. . Wadannan ra'ayoyi na asali sun bambanta da tauhidi da aka samu a cikin addinan Ibrahim <ref name=":3" />]<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=0K0p8wCNKTQC&q=Christopher+Ehret+Niger+Congo+religion</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldhistoryconnected.press.uillinois.edu/2.1/ehret.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-23 |archive-date=2017-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821144957/http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/2.1/ehret.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4" />. Magungunan gargajiya na Afirka kuma suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da addinan Afirka na gargajiya. A cewar Clemmont E. Vontress, al'adun addinai daban-daban na Afirka sun haɗu ta hanyar Animism na asali. A cewarsa, imani da ruhohi da kakanni shine mafi muhimmanci a cikin addinan Afirka. Allolin ko dai an halicce su ne ko kuma sun samo asali ne daga ruhohi ko kakanni waɗanda mutane suka bauta wa. Ya kuma lura cewa yawancin addinan Afirka na zamani suna da tasiri sosai daga addinan da ba na [[Afirka]] ba, galibinsu Kiristanci da Musulunci kuma ta haka na iya bambanta da tsoffin nau'ikan.<ref name=":1" /> Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka gabaɗaya suna riƙe da imani na rayuwa bayan mutuwa (duniya ta ruhu ko al'amuran, waɗanda ruhohi, amma kuma alloli suke zaune), tare da wasu kuma suna da ra'ayi na sake reincarnation, wanda mutanen da suka mutu za su iya komawa cikin zuriyarsu (jinin jini). ), idan suna so, ko kuma suna da abin da za su yi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-23 |archive-date=2025-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526190736/https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yawancin lokaci ana samun kamanceceniya tsakanin addinan gargajiya na Afirka waɗanda ke cikin yanki ɗaya. Afirka ta tsakiya, alal misali, tana da irin wannan al'adun addini a cikin ƙasashen [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], Jamhuriyar Kongo, Ruwanda, Burundi, Zambia, da Malawi.<ref name=":5">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Mutanen da ke cikin waɗannan ƙasashe waɗanda suke bin al'adun addini na gargajiya sukan girmama kakanni ta hanyar al'adu da bautar ƙasa ko kuma "allahntaka" ta hanyar " ƙungiyoyin yanki " ko " ƙungiyoyin ibada ", bi da bi.<ref name=":5" />. Jacob Olupona, Farfesa Ba’amurke Ba’amurke farfesa a addinan ’yan asalin Afirka a Jami’ar Harvard, ya taƙaita yawancin addinan gargajiya na Afirka a matsayin hadaddun al’adun addini da imanin al’ummar Afirka kafin “mallakar” Kirista da Musulunci na Afirka. Girmama magabata ya kasance yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adun Afirka na gargajiya kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin tsakiyar ra'ayin duniya na Afirka. Magabata (fatalwa/ruhohin kakanni) wani bangare ne na gaskiya. Gabaɗaya an yarda kakanni suna zaune a cikin daular kakanni (duniya ta ruhu), yayin da wasu suka gaskata cewa kakanni sun yi daidai da ikon alloli.<ref name=":6">https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/</ref> Ana yin hamayya da ma'anar ma'anar alloli da kakanni sau da yawa, amma gaba ɗaya, an yi imanin kakanni suna da matsayi mafi girma fiye da ƴan adam masu rai kuma ana jin za su iya ba da albarka ko rashin lafiya ga zuriyarsu masu rai. Kakanni suna iya ba da shawara da ba da arziki da girma ga zuriyarsu masu rai, amma kuma suna iya yin buƙatu, kamar nacewa cewa a kula da wuraren ibadarsu da kyau da kuma gyara su. Imani ga kakanni ya kuma shaida yadda yanayin ruhin Afirka na al'ada ya haɗa ta ta hanyar nuna cewa magabatan da suka mutu har yanzu suna taka rawa a rayuwar zuriyarsu. [[File:Ganvie Voodoo Dancer (21596115932).jpg|thumb|Gargajiya]] Olupona ya yi watsi da ma'anar tauhidi ta yamma/Musulunci kuma ya ce irin waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba za su iya nuna rikitattun al'adun Afirka ba kuma suna da sauƙi. Yayin da wasu hadisai suke da fiyayyen halitta (kusa da sauran alloli), wasu kuma ba su da. Tauhidi baya nuna yawan hanyoyin da ruhin Afirka na al'ada ya ɗauka na alloli, alloli, da ruhohi. Ya taƙaita cewa, addinan gargajiya na Afirka ba addini kaɗai ba ne, amma ra’ayin duniya, hanyar rayuwa.<ref name=":6" /> == Bukukuwan Addinai == Ayyukan addini na yammacin Afirka da Afirka ta Tsakiya gabaɗaya suna bayyana kansu a cikin bukukuwan jama'a ko ayyukan tsafi waɗanda ƴan al'umma, waɗanda suka galabaita da ƙarfi (ko ashe, nyama, da sauransu), suke jin daɗin shiga cikin tunanin tunani don mayar da martani ga rhythmic ko rhythmic. tuƙin ganguna ko waƙa. Wani biki na addini da ake yi a Gabon da Kamaru shi ne na Okuyi, wanda wasu kabilun Bantu ke yi. A cikin wannan jiha, ya danganta da yankin, kaɗe-kaɗe ko kaɗe-kaɗe da mawakan da ake girmamawa (kowannensu ya keɓanta ga wani abin bautawa ko kakanni), mahalarta suna ɗaukar wani abin bautawa ko kakanni, kuzari ko yanayin hankali ta hanyar yin motsi na al'ada ko raye-raye. wanda ke kara inganta hayyacinsu<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-Karade,_B._pages_39-46_35-0</ref>. [[File:Koku Dancer.jpg|thumb|Bukunkunan Addinan Gargajiya]] Lokacin da aka shaida kuma aka fahimce wannan yanayi mai kama da hankali, masu bin suna keɓanta ga hanyar yin la'akari da tsaftataccen tsari ko alama ta wani tunani ko tsarin tunani. Wannan yana haɓaka ƙwarewa wajen raba ra'ayoyin da wannan tunanin ke haifar da su daga yanayin yanayin rayuwarsu a rayuwar yau da kullun. Irin wannan rarrabuwa da tunani na gaba na yanayi da hanyoyin samar da kuzari mai tsafta ko ji yana taimakawa mahalarta sarrafa su kuma karɓe su lokacin da suka taso cikin yanayi na yau da kullun. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa mafi kyawun sarrafawa da jujjuya waɗannan kuzari zuwa halaye masu kyau, dacewa da al'ada, tunani, da magana. Har ila yau, wannan al’adar za ta iya haifar da masu irin wannan tunanin suna furta kalamai wadanda idan aka yi tawilin wani mahaluki mai ilimin al’adu ko mai duba, zai iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin da suka dace da al’umma (ko wani mutum) za su bi wajen cimma manufarta<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-36</ref>. == Ruhi a Mahangar Addinai == Mabiya addinan gargajiya na Afirka suna yin addu'a ga ruhohi daban-daban da kuma kakanninsu.<ref>https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/</ref> Wannan ya haɗa da yanayi, na farko da ruhohin dabba. Bambanci tsakanin ruhohi masu ƙarfi da alloli sau da yawa kadan ne. Yawancin al'ummomin Afirka sun yi imani da "manyan alloli" da yawa da kuma yawan ƙananan alloli da ruhohi. Akwai kuma wasu addinan da ke da filaye guda ɗaya (Chukwu, Nyame, Olodumare, Ngai, Roog, da sauransu).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4472-4</ref> Wasu sun san allah biyu da allahntaka kamar Mawu-Lisa.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-39</ref> Addinan gargajiya na Afirka gabaɗaya sun yi imani da rayuwa bayan rayuwa, ɗaya ko fiye da duniyar ruhi, kuma bautar kakanni muhimmin ra'ayi ne a galibin duk addinan Afirka. Wasu addinan Afirka sun ɗauki ra'ayoyi daban-daban ta hanyar tasirin Musulunci ko ma Hindu.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-23 |archive-date=2025-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250526190736/https://frontiersjournal.org/index.php/Frontiers/article/view/405 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka da Al'adu Na Addinai == Akwai kamanceceniya fiye da bambance-bambance a cikin dukkan addinan gargajiya na Afirka, <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-89591-5</ref> ko da yake Jacob Olupona ya rubuta cewa yana da wuya a haɗe su da gaske saboda yawan bambance-bambance da bambance-bambance tsakanin hadisai.<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/839396781</ref> Ana girmama alloli da ruhohi ta hanyar liyafa ko hadaya (na dabbobi, kayan lambu, dafaffen abinci, furanni, duwatsu masu daraja da ƙananan karafa masu daraja). Mumini kuma yana neman nufin alloli ko ruhohi ta hanyar tuntubar gumaka ko duba<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-44</ref>. Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka sun rungumi al'amuran halitta - ebb da igiyar ruwa, wata mai kaɗewa da faɗuwa, ruwan sama da fari - da tsarin aikin noma. A cewar Gottlieb da Mbiti: An cusa muhalli da yanayi ta kowane fanni na addinan gargajiya da al'adun Afirka. Wannan yana da yawa saboda ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya da imani suna da alaƙa da alaƙa da abubuwan al'amuran halitta da muhalli. Duk abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi, tsawa, walƙiya, ruwan sama, rana, wata, rana, taurari, da sauransu na iya zama masu dacewa don sarrafawa ta hanyar ilimin sararin samaniya na mutanen Afirka. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a dabi'a suna da alhakin samar wa mutane bukatunsu na yau da kullun.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517872-6</ref> [[File:Masques BaKongo.JPG|thumb|Hotunan Gunkuna ]] Misali, a cikin addinin Serer, daya daga cikin taurari mafi tsarki a sararin samaniya ana kiransa Yoonir (Tauraron Sirius)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7236-1055-1</ref>. Tare da dogon al'adar noma, manyan limamai da firistoci na Serer (Saltigue) suna gabatar da wa'azin kowace shekara a wurin bikin Xooy (bikin duba) a Fatick kafin lokacin Yoonir don yin hasashen watannin hunturu da baiwa manoma damar fara [[shuka]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7384-5196-9</ref>Magungunan gargajiya sun zama ruwan dare a mafi yawan wurare, kuma ayyukansu sun haɗa da wani nau'i na addini zuwa nau'i daban-daban. == Yin Duba a Mahangar Addinai Gargajiya == [[File:Sangoma reading the Bones.jpg|thumb|Yin Duba ]] [[File:Early 20th century Yoruba divination board.jpg|thumb|Kayan Aikin Duba]] Tun da Afirka babbar nahiya ce mai yawan kabilu da al'adu, babu wata dabara guda ɗaya ta yin duba. Ana iya yin aikin simintin gyare-gyare da ƙananan abubuwa, kamar ƙasusuwa, harsashi na cowrie, duwatsu, filayen fata, ko guntun itace. Ana yin wasu simintin gyare-gyare ta amfani da faranti na tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi da itace ko kuma a yi su a ƙasa (sau da yawa a cikin da'ira). A cikin al'ummomin Afirka na gargajiya, mutane da yawa suna neman masu duba akai-akai. Gabaɗaya babu wani hani game da wannan aikin. Ana kuma neman diviner (wanda aka fi sani da firist) don hikimar su a matsayin masu ba da shawara a rayuwa da kuma iliminsu na maganin ganye. == Ubuntu == Ubuntu kalmar Nguni Bantu ce ma'ana "yan Adam". Wani lokaci ana fassara shi da "Ni saboda mu ne" (kuma "Ni saboda kai ne"), ko "'yan Adam zuwa ga wasu" (a cikin Zulu, umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu). A cikin Xhosa, ana amfani da kalmar ƙarshen, amma galibi ana nufin ta cikin ma'anar falsafa don nufin "imani da haɗin kai na duniya wanda ke haɗa dukkan bil'adama". Tari ne na dabi'u da ayyuka da mutanen Afirka ko na Afirka suke kallo a matsayin sanya mutane sahihan mutane. Duk da yake bambance-bambancen waɗannan dabi'u da ayyuka sun bambanta a cikin kabilu daban-daban, dukkansu suna nuni zuwa abu ɗaya - ainihin mutum ɗan adam wani ɓangare ne na mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmancin alaƙa, al'umma, al'umma, muhalli da duniyar ruhaniya.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajsw/article/view/195112</ref> == Nagarta da Mugunta a Addinan Gargajiya == Halin kirki a cikin addinin gargajiya na Afirka yana da alaƙa da aiwatar da wajibai na al'amuran rayuwa. Misalai sun haɗa da halayen zamantakewa kamar girmama iyaye da dattawa, renon yara yadda ya kamata, ba da baƙi, da gaskiya, amana, da jajircewa. A wasu addinan gargajiya na Afirka, ɗabi’a na da alaƙa da biyayya ko rashin biyayya ga Allah game da yadda mutum ko al’umma ke rayuwa. Ga Kikuyu, bisa ga mahaliccinsu na farko, Ngai, wanda ke aiki ta wurin ƙananan alloli, an yi imani da shi yana magana da kuma iya jagorantar mutumin kirki a matsayin lamirinsa. A yawancin lokuta, 'yan Afirka da suka koma wasu addinai har yanzu sun ci gaba da yin al'adu da al'adunsu na gargajiya, suna haɗa su ta hanyar da ta dace.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-49</ref> == Wurare masu Tsarki a Addinan Gargajiya == Wasu wurare masu tsarki ko masu tsarki na addinin gargajiya sun hada da amma ba'a iyakance ga Nri-Igbo ba, Wurin Sangomar, Yaboyabo, Fatick, Ife, Oyo, Dahomey, Benin City, Ouidah, Nsukka, Kanem-Bornu, Igbo-Ukwu, da Tulwap Kipsigis. , da sauransu. == Zaluntar Addinin Gargajiya == Addinan Afirka na gargajiya sun fuskanci zalunci daga Kiristoci da Musulmai.<ref>https://archive.org/details/africanvoicesofa00bail</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=kv4nAAAAYAAJ</ref>Masu bin wadannan addinai an musulunta da kirista da karfi da karfi, an mai da su aljanu da wariya<ref>https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1133603564</ref>. Ta’addancin ya hada da kashe-kashe, yakin yaki, ruguza wurare masu tsarki, da sauran ayyukan ta’addanci.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0819179418</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?isbn=031335972</ref>Saboda zalunci da wariya da rashin jituwa da al’ummar gargajiya da al’adu da akidar ‘yan asali, al’ummar Dinka sun yi watsi da koyarwar Musulunci da Kiristanci.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/41931096</ref> == Kimiyya da Ra'ayoyin Duniya na Gargajiya == '''Bandama da Babalola (2023) ya ce:''' <ref name=":7">https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-023-09545-6</ref> Ra'ayin kimiyya a matsayin "aikin da aka haɗa," wanda ke da alaƙa da al'ada, alal misali, ana ɗaukarsa "kimiyya," "kimiyya na ƙarya," ko "sihiri" a hangen nesa na Yamma. A Afirka, akwai alaƙa mai ƙarfi tsakanin duniyar zahiri da ta duniya. Abubuwan bautawa da alloli su ne manzannin Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki da kuma majiɓintan da ke kula da aiwatar da ayyukan da abin ya shafa. A cikin Ile-Ife pantheon, alal misali, Olokun - allahn arziki - ana daukar majibincin masana'antar gilashi don haka ana tuntubar su. Ana miƙa sadaukarwa don gamsar da ita don yin nasara cikin nasara. Haka abin yake ga aikin ƙarfe. Karatun karatu na yanzu ya ƙarfafa gudummawar tsohuwar Afirka ga tarihin kimiyya da fasaha na duniya.<ref name=":7" /> == Al'adun Daga Yankuna Afrika == Wannan jeri ya iyakance ga wasu sanannun labaran daga ko wani sashen: '''Afirka ta Tsakiya''' * Tatsuniyar Bantu (Tsakiya, Kudu maso Gabas, Kudancin Afirka) * Tarihin Bushongo (Congo) * Addinin Kongo (Congo) * Tatsuniyar Lugbara (Congo) * Tatsuniyar Baluba (Congo) * Tarihin Mbuti (Congo) * Hausa Aniism (Chad, Gabon) * Tarihin Lotuko (Sudan ta Kudu) '''Gabashin Afirka''' * Tatsuniyar Kushite (Sassan Tsakiyar Sudan da Asalin Al'adun Kerma) * Tatsuniyar Bantu (Tsakiya, Kudu maso Gabas, Kudancin Afirka) * Tatsuniyar Gikuyu (Kenya) * Ya fada tatsuniyoyi * Tatsuniyoyi (Kenya) * Dinka (South Sudan) * Tarihin Malagasy (Madagascar) * Tarihin Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania, Ouebian) * Tatsuniyar Kalenjin (Kenya, [[Uganda]], Tanzania) * Addinin Shaidan (Bungoma, Trans Nzoia, Kenya) * Bauta (Ethiopia da Kenya) * Tatsuniyar Somaliya (Somaliya) '''Arewacin Afirka''' * Addinin Masar na dā (Misira, Sudan) * Kemetism * Tatsuniyar Kushite (tare da kwarin Nilu a Sudan) * Addinin Punic (Tunisia, Algeria, Libya) * Addinin Berber na gargajiya (Morocco (ciki har da Sahara ta Yamma), Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Masar, Mauritania, Mali, Nijar, Chadi, Burkina Faso) '''Kudancin Afirka''' * Tatsuniyar Bantu (Tsakiya, Kudu maso Gabas, Kudancin Afirka) * Tatsuniyar Lozi (Zambia) * Tatsuniyar Tumbuka (Malawi) * Addinin Gargajiya na Zulu (Afirka ta Kudu) * Badimo (Botswana) * San addini (Botswana, Namibia, Afirka ta Kudu) * Masu maganin gargajiya na Afirka ta Kudu * Addinin asali a Zimbabwe '''Yammacin Afirka''' * Ƙarin bayani: Addinin Yammacin Afirka * Addinin Abwoi (Nigeria) * Addinin Akan (Ghana, Ivory Coast) * Addinin Dahomean (Benin, Togo) * Addinin Efik (Nigeria, Kamaru) * Addinin Edo (Benin, Nigeria) * Hausa animism (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Togo) * Cocin addini (Cocin mutane, Najeriya) * Godianism (addinin da ake zargin ya ƙunshi dukan addinan gargajiya na Afirka, da farko bisa Odinala) * Odinala (Igbo, Nigeria) * Asaase Yaa - Bono People mp3 * Serer Religion (A ƭat Roog) (Senegal, Gambiya, Mauritania) * Addinin Yarbawa (Nigeria, Benin, Togo) * Vodou (Ghana, Benin, Togo, Nigeria) * Addinin Dogon (Mali) * Addinin Ifa (Nigeria) == Al'ummar Afirka == Addinai na Afro-Amurka sun haɗa da bautar kakanni kuma sun haɗa da abin bautawa mahalicci tare da ruhohin allahntaka kamar Orisha, Loa, Vodun, Nkisi da Alusi, da sauransu. Baya ga syncretism na addini na waɗannan al'adun Afirka daban-daban, da yawa kuma sun haɗa da abubuwa na Katolika na Folk ciki har da tsarkakan jama'a da sauran nau'o'in addinin Jama'a, Addinin Amirka na Amirka, Ruhaniya, Ruhaniya, Shamanism (wani lokaci har da amfani da Entheogens) da kuma tarihin Turai. Hakanan akwai hadisai na ruhaniya iri-iri na “likita” kamar su Obeah da Hoodoo waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan lafiyar ruhi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=kuXEzQZQmawC&pg=PA88</ref> Al'adun addini na Afirka a cikin Amurka na iya bambanta. Suna iya samun tushen Afirka da ba a san su ba ko kuma suna iya zama kusan gaba ɗaya na Afirka a yanayi, kamar addinai kamar Trinidad Orisha.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_African_religions#cite_ref-58</ref> == Duba kuma == ([[:en:Folk_religion|Folk religion]]) Addinin Jama'a - Bayanin addini ya bambanta da koyarwar hukuma na tsarin addini == Manazarta == {{reflist}} f9672p3g686uvyawm790u7sw1hq5m8f 0 77475 966889 957763 2026-10-12T17:14:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966889 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Julia-Schneider Pressfoto(VincentVillwock) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Julia Vincent]] '''Julia Catherine Vincent''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1994) ƴar Afirka ta Kudu ce mai sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VINCENT Julia Catherine |url=https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/julia-catherine-vincent |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826130416/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/julia-catherine-vincent |archive-date=26 August 2016 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=Rio 2016}}</ref> Ta yi gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Shekaran 2015 . Ta kasance dalibi-masu wasa a Jami'ar Kudancin Carolina kuma ta cancanci gasar Olympics ta Shekaran 2016 a cikin mita 3. A wasannin Olympics na bazara na Shekaran 2016, ta gama a matsayi na 29 a cikin na farko kuma ba ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe ba. Ta kuma cancanci gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Shekaran 2020 a tseren mita 3. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gamecocksonline.com/sports/c-swim/mtt/julia_vincent_921453.html Gamecocksonline] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805111335/http://www.gamecocksonline.com/sports/c-swim/mtt/julia_vincent_921453.html |date=2018-08-05 }} * [http://www.dailygamecock.com/article/2016/04/julia-vincent-a-diving-lion Dailygamecock] * [http://www.the-sports.org/julia-vincent-diving-spf246047.html the-sports.org] * [https://www.sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/public_health/about/news/2016/julia_vincent_olympics.php sc.edu] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.iol.co.za/olympics-rio-2016/swimming/julia-diving-into-the-unknown-2044995 iol.co.za] * [http://www.gettyimages.com/photos/julia-vincent-diver?excludenudity=true&sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=julia%20vincent%20diver Hotuna masu kyau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424084043/https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/julia-vincent-diver?excludenudity=true&sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=julia%20vincent%20diver |date=2024-04-24 }} [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] dt8em7qaio7c0ec1vnrsj6garr6clgx 0 77504 966912 741253 2026-10-12T18:16:09Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cri-Zelda Brits''' (/kriːˈzɛ支持/), wanda kuma ake rubuta Crizelda Brits da Cri-zelda Brats (an haife ta a ranar ashirin 20 ga Nuwamba 1983 ) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta yankin [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Dan wasan kwallon kafa na hannun dama kuma mai kunnawa mai saurin gudu na hannun dama, an kira Brits zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin mai kunnawa a shekara ta 2002. Ta ci gaba ta zama mai tsalle-tsalle, kuma tun daga shekara ta dubu biyan da biyar 2005 ta kafa kanta a matsayin ƙwararren mai buga kwallo. Ta zama kyaftin din Afirka ta Kudu a wasanni 23 a 2007 da 2008, amma an maye gurbin ta a matsayin kyaftin din a 2009 don "tabbatar da kanta gaba ɗaya". An sake nada ta a matsayin Kyaftin na 2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loubser replaces Brits as captain |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/387960.html |access-date=22 June 2009 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Tsakanin 2007 da 2011 ta zama kyaftin din Afirka ta Kudu sau 36 (1 Test, 23 One Day Internationals da 12 Twenty20 Internationals <ref>{{Cite web |title=SA Women Test captains |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=8;id=3379;type=team |access-date=31 March 2015 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SA Women ODI captains |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=9;id=3379;type=team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123180030/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=9%3Bid%3D3379%3Btype%3Dteam |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=31 March 2015 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SA Women T20 captains |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=10;id=3379;type=team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912043517/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=10%3Bid%3D3379%3Btype%3Dteam |archive-date=12 September 2015 |access-date=31 March 2015 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Tana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na Afirka ta Kudu; kasancewar ita ce mace ta farko ta Afirka ta Kudu da ta zira kwallaye rabin karni a Twenty20 International. == Ayyuka == === Farkon aiki === An haife ta ne a Rustenburg, Transvaal, Brits ta fara aikinta na wasan [[kurket]] tana da shekaru 11 lokacin da ta shiga wasan tana wasa a kungiyoyin yara maza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Player profiles |url=http://www.gcb.org.za/player_profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207200755/http://www.gcb.org.za/player_profile.html |archive-date=7 December 2014 |access-date=4 December 2014 |publisher=Gauteng Cricket Board}}</ref> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Brits ya buga wasanni biyu ga mata na Afirka ta Kudu na kasa da shekaru 21 a kan tawagar Ingila mai yawon shakatawa a shekarar 1998, yana wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida a lokacin wasanni biyu na 50-over. A karo na farko, nasarar da ta samu a Afirka ta Kudu, ta yi iƙirarin tsalle-tsalle da kamawa amma ba a buƙatar ta buga ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 1998 |title=South Africa Under-21s Women v England Under-21s Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/145/145672.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A wasan na biyu, an inganta ta daga lamba takwas zuwa lamba biyar kuma ta yi gudu 14 daga kwallaye 13 yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta rasa ta hanyar gudu 42.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 1998 |title=South Africa Under-21s Women v England Under-21s Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/145/145673.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Shekaru hudu bayan haka, 'yan Burtaniya sun fara fitowa a duniya a wata rana daya ta kasa da kasa da Mata na Indiya. An zaɓi Brits a matsayin mai jefa kwallo, an sanya shi a lamba tara a cikin tsari na batting, kuma ya buɗe wasan kwallo na Afirka ta Kudu. An fara taƙaita wasan sannan aka watsar da shi, kuma 'yan Burtaniya ne kawai suka buga kwallo biyu, suka ba da gudummawa biyu, kafin kammalawar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2002 |title=South Africa Women v India Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/74/74236.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun riƙe wannan rawar a cikin ODI na biyu, suna da'awar wickets biyu yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta ci nasara da gudu 29 ta amfani da Hanyar Duckworth-Lewis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2002 |title=South Africa Women v India Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/74/74277.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ta yi ikirarin karin wickets uku a cikin ODIs biyu na karshe na jerin. A cikin ODI na huɗu, an inganta ta zuwa tsari na batting zuwa lamba biyar, kodayake ta sami nasarar zira kwallaye goma kawai yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta kasa bin jimlar Indiya ta 160.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2002 |title=South Africa Women v India Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/74/74345.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A ƙarshen jerin ODI, bangarorin biyu sun buga Wasan gwaji, tare da Brits ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai buɗewa. Ta dauki wickets biyu kuma ta ba da gudummawa 91 (2/91) yayin da Indiya ta tara 404/9 da ya bayyana a farkon shigarsu. Duk da cewa ta ci gaba da tafiya a cikin gajeren tsarin wasan, 'yan Burtaniya sun buga a matsayin wani ɓangare na wutsiya a lokacin wasan gwaji, inda ta zira kwallaye tara a lamba goma sha ɗaya a cikin farko-innings sannan kuma yayin da aka tilasta Afirka ta Kudu ta biyo baya, ta yi gudu goma sha ɗaya daga lamba goma a cikin na biyu-innings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2002 |title=South Africa Women v India Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/74/74367.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Jerin Ingila: 2003, 2003-04 === Ta sake taka wannan rawar ga Afirka ta Kudu a lokacin yawon shakatawa na Ingila a shekara ta 2003. A lokacin wasanni uku na dumi-dumi sama da 50, Brits sun yi ikirarin wickets hudu kuma sun zira kwallaye 33 yayin bude bowling da batting a matsayin wani ɓangare na wutsiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2003 |title=Sussex Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/147/147306.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2003 |title=Marylebone Cricket Club Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/147/147307.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2003 |title=England Development Squad Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/147/147308.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A lokacin gwajin farko, Brits ta nuna ikonta tare da bat, ta zira kwallaye 32 a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa 59 tare da ɗan'uwanta Sune van Zyl. Ta yi ikirarin wickets biyu a cikin martani na Ingila, tana da'awar wickets na mai buɗewa Charlotte Edwards da kyaftin Clare Connor . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2003 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/77/77658.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A cikin ODIs masu zuwa, ta yi ikirarin wickets uku, duk a wasan na biyu, yayin da Ingila ta yi ikirari a jerin 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's ODI Bowling for South Africa Women: South Africa Women in England 2003 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/South_Africa_Women_in_England_2003/wo_South_Africa_Women_Bowling.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ba a buƙatar ta buga bat a lokacin nasarar da Afirka ta Kudu ta samu ba, ta yi Ducks a sauran wasannin biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2003 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/77/77680.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2003 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/77/77691.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2003 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/77/77697.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da jerin ducks a farkon shigarwa na gwajin na biyu, ta fadi kafa kafin wicket (lbw) ta fuskanci isar da ita ta takwas. Koyaya, bayan da suka yi ikirarin wickets biyu na Ingila, 'yan Burtaniya sun zira kwallaye na farko ga Afirka ta huɗu a wasan na biyu, inda suka yi kwallaye 61 da 67, ciki har da hudu 13. Duk da wannan innings, Afirka ta Kudu ta rasa wasan ta hanyar innings da 96 runs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2003 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/77/77721.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A lokacin rani na Afirka ta Kudu na 2003-04, matan Ingila sun zagaya Afirka ta Kudu, suna wasa ODIs biyar. A wasan farko, 'yan Burtaniya sun yi ikirarin wickets uku yayin da aka ƙuntata Ingila zuwa 151, jimlar Afirka ta Kudu ta wuce tare da kwallon karshe na 50 da aka ba su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2004 |title=South Africa Women v England Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/79/79081.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun tafi wicket-less a wasanni biyu masu zuwa, duka nasarar Ingila, amma sun yi ikirarin wasu wickets uku a wasan na huɗu na jerin. Duk da wickets dinta, Ingila ta sanya Afirka ta Kudu jimlar 242 don bin, kuma an tura Brits zuwa tsarin batting don buɗe innings tare da Terblanche. Wannan dabarar ta gaza: Afirka ta Kudu ta buƙaci zira kwallaye kusan biyar don lashe wasan, kuma lokacin da aka kori Brits a karo na goma sha huɗu don 20, ma'aurata sun zira kwallayen 38 kawai, kusan biyu da rabi. Afirka ta Kudu ta gama a kan 142/9, sama da gudu ɗari ba su kai ga burinsu ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 February 2004 |title=South Africa Women v England Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/79/79202.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A kakar 2004, Brits ta shiga cikin mata na Kent, suna wasa a dukkan wasanninsu biyar na gasar zakarun mata. Ta gama gasar tare da wickets takwas, ciki har da hudu-wicket haul da Yorkshire a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bowling for Kent Women: Frizzell Women's County Championship 2004 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/Frizzell_Womens_County_Championship_2004/Kent_Women_Bowling.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2004 |title=Kent Women v Yorkshire Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/114/114193.html |access-date=26 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Kofin Duniya na Cricket na Mata a Afirka ta Kudu: 2005 === An kira 'yan Burtaniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar Afirka ta Kudu don yin gasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2005. Kafin gasar, Afirka ta Kudu ta buga ODIs biyu a kan Ingila. 'Yan Burtaniya sun bude wasannin tare da Terblanche a wasannin biyu, kamar yadda za ta ci gaba da yi a duk lokacin gasar cin kofin duniya, kuma ta ci 23 da 11. Ta ji daɗin samun nasara a lokacin gasar kanta, ta kammala a matsayin babban mai zira kwallaye na Afirka ta Kudu tare da gudu 206, 92 fiye da ɗan ƙasarsu mafi kusa, Shandre Fritz . Wickets dinta guda biyar sun sanya ta ta biyu a cikin matan Afirka ta Kudu bayan Alicia Smith . A lokacin wasan zagaye na biyu na Afirka ta Kudu, da Mata na West Indies, 'yan Burtaniya sun sami mafi girman maki a gasar, inda suka yi 72, da kuma mafi kyawun bincike na bowling, inda suka dauki wickets hudu. Ta sami lambar yabo ta Mutumin wasan saboda nasarorin da ta samu, yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta lashe wasan ta hanyar gudu daya. Kodayake ba ta ci gaba da rabin ƙarni ba a lokacin gasar, an kore ta sau biyu a cikin shekaru arba'in, inda ta zira kwallaye 49 a kan Mata na Ostiraliya da 46 a kan mata ta Ingila. Duk da nasarar da 'yan Burtaniya suka samu a gasar, nasarar da suka samu a kan mata na West Indies ita ce kawai nasarar da Afirka ta Kudu ta samu, kuma sun gama matakin rukuni a matsayi na bakwai, ma'ana sun kasa samun cancanta ga matakin knockout. An shirya jerin ODI na wasanni uku da sauri a kan matan West Indies, wadanda kuma aka kawar da su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=5 April 2005 |title=Williams steers West Indies home |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/women/content/story/143849.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> A wannan matakin, 'yan Burtaniya sun fara yin kwallo akai-akai. Ta bude wasan bowling a wasanni uku na gasar cin kofin duniya ta Afirka ta Kudu, amma ba ta yi wasa da mata na Ingila ba, kuma an yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai sauya kwallo na huɗu a kan mata na [[Sri Lanka]], ta yi kwallo hudu kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2005 |title=South Africa Women v Sri Lanka Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/81/81905.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A kan matan West Indies, 'yan Burtaniya sun yi kwallo biyu a wasan farko, ana amfani da su a matsayin mai kunna kwallo na farko, kuma sun yi kwalolo sau ɗaya kawai a wasan kurket na ODI tun lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics / Statsguru / C Brits / Women's One-Day Internationals |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/54634.html?class=9;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Kyakkyawan yanayinta tare da bat din ya ci gaba da fuskantar matan West Indies yayin da ta wuce 50 a wasanni biyu daga cikin wasanni uku, 2004/05 kodayake West Indies ta lashe jerin 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's ODI Batting and Fielding for South Africa Women: West Indies Women in South Africa |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/RSA/West_Indies_Women_in_South_Africa_2004-05/wo_South_Africa_Women_Batting.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Jerin Pakistan, Kofin Afirka da Asiya: 2006-07, 2007 === Wani rauni ga Fritz, wanda aka zaba a matsayin kyaftin din Afirka ta Kudu don jerin gida da Pakistan a 2006-07, ya ga Brits da aka kira a matsayin maye gurbin ta kwana takwas kafin ODI na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=12 January 2007 |title=South Africa make three changes |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/276272.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Mata na Afirka ta Kudu sun lashe wasan farko na jerin ta hanyar gudu 98, tare da 'yan Burtaniya da suka zira kwallaye 39 daga kwallaye 42, ciki har da hudu, a cikin "kyakkyawan cameo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=20 January 2007 |title=South Africa take series lead |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/277062.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na farko ga Afirka ta Kudu a wasanni na biyu da na uku tare da rabin ƙarni, ta taimaka wajen samun nasarar jerin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2007 |title=South Africa Women v Pakistan Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/114/114618.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2007 |title=South Africa Women v Pakistan Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/114/114619.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta lashe jerin 4-0, kuma an kira Brits a matsayin dan wasan jerin, bayan ya zira kwallaye 183 kuma ya jagoranci Afirka ta Kudu zuwa nasarar farko tun bayan ya doke mata na Indiya a shekara ta 2002.<ref name="series">{{Cite web |title=Records / South Africa Women / Women's One-Day Internationals / Series results |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/series_results.html?class=9;id=3379;type=team |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Daga baya aka sanya wa 'yan Burtaniya suna a matsayin kyaftin din kungiyar mata ta Afirka don yin gasa a wasan Twenty20 da mata na Asiya XI a lokacin gasar cin Kofin Afirka da Asiya na 2007. Kungiyar, wacce ke dauke da 'yan Afirka ta Kudu hudu, ta rasa ta hanyar gudu 60. Brits na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Afirka goma da aka kore su tare da ƙididdiga guda ɗaya, kuma an kori mambobi biyar na ƙungiyar don ducks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2007 |title=Asian Women v African Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/122/122336.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Yawon shakatawa na Turai: 2007 === Afirka ta Kudu ta fara shirye-shiryen su don jerin cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2008 tare da yawon shakatawa na Turai, farawa da wasan gwaji da jerin ODI da Mata na [[Holand|Netherlands]], sannan kuma suna motsawa zuwa Ingila don ƙarin ODIs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=27 July 2007 |title=Test history ... but all eyes on the ODIs |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/women/content/story/303879.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun kasance a matsayin kyaftin din Afirka ta Kudu don yawon shakatawa, kuma sun zama kawai Afirka ta Kudu da ta zama kyaftin din tawagarta zuwa nasarar gwajin mata, yayin da suka doke Netherlands da gudu 159. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / South Africa Women / Women's Test matches / Result summary |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=8;id=3379;type=team |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2007 |title=Netherlands Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/123/123783.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Kodayake 'yan Burtaniya sun ci kwallaye 21 ne kawai a wasan farko na wasan gwaji, kuma sun bayyana tare da kanta ba a ci nasara ba a 5 a karo na biyu, ta nuna ci gaba da kasancewa tare da bat ta hanyar zira kwallaye 46 a ODI na farko da 59 a karo na uku, tare da Daleen Terblanche a cikin Wicket na uku 131, rikodin Afirka ta Kudu don wannan wicket.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2007 |title=Netherlands Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/123/123781.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / South Africa Women / Women's One-Day Internationals / Highest partnerships by wicket |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fow/highest_partnerships_by_wicket.html?class=9;id=3379;type=team |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Karni daya daga [[Johmari Logtenberg]] a wasan karshe na ODI ya taimaka wa Afirka ta Kudu ta sami jerin 3-0 na fararen fata. Da zarar a Ingila, Afirka ta Kudu ta buga wasanni biyu da suka wuce 50 a kan tawagar ci gaban Ingila, kowane bangare ya ci nasara daya, 'yan Burtaniya sun ci kwallo a nasarar Afirka ta Kudu tare da gudu 78. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2007 |title=England Development Squad Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/123/123069.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Wannan ya biyo bayan Afirka ta Kudu ta farko ta Twenty20 Internationals, da Mata na New Zealand da mata na Ingila a County Ground, Taunton . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Women in England and Netherlands 2007 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/ENG/2007_ENG_South_Africa_Women_in_England_and_Netherlands_2007.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102195228/http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/ENG/2007_ENG_South_Africa_Women_in_England_and_Netherlands_2007.html |archive-date=2 November 2012 |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Wasan farko, da New Zealand, an yi masa alama da yawan gudu, kowace kungiya tana da 'yan wasa hudu da aka kore su ta wannan hanyar. Afirka ta Kudu ta rasa ta hanyar gudu 97, tare da Brits daya daga cikin 'yan wasa uku kawai don sanya shi cikin lambobi biyu, ya zira kwallaye 23 a kasa da gudu-a-ball.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2007 |title=New Zealand Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/123/123784.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A wasan na biyu, wanda aka gudanar a wannan rana, Afirka ta Kudu ta sake gwagwarmaya don gudu, tare da Brits a wannan lokacin kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa huɗu da suka fitar da adadi ɗaya yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ya rasa ta hanyar gudu 86. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2007 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/125/125887.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Jerin cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya: 2007/08 === Don samun cancanta ga Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2009 a Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu dole ne ta yi gasa a cikin jerin cancanta, wanda suka shirya a Stellenbosch, an jinkirta taron sannan aka soke shi a Pakistan saboda damuwa game da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2007 |title=ICC postpones Women's World Cup qualifiers in Pakistan |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Articles/7/7572.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Ba a buƙatar 'yan Burtaniya su buga a wasan farko ba, nasara goma a kan Bermuda inda takwas daga cikin Bermudans suka kasa zira kwallaye, kuma an kori sauran uku don daya kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2008 |title=South Africa Women v Bermuda Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/129/129531.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Bayan ta zira kwallaye 17 a wasan na biyu, a kan Papua New Guinea, Brits ta sami mafi girma a wasan kurket na kasa da kasa na rana daya a wasan na gaba, a kan Netherlands. Da yake shiga a lamba uku bayan da aka kori Daleen Terblanche don duck bayan kwallaye biyar na wasan, Brits sun buga ta sauran innings kuma sun gama a 107 ba tare ba fita ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=21 February 2008 |title=Pakistan trample over Scotland |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/women/content/story/339161.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya ne kawai suka gudanar da 3 a nasarar da suka yi da Ireland a wasan kusa da na karshe wanda ya tabbatar da Afirka ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2009, kuma an kore su don duck a wasan karshe yayin da Afirka ta kudu ta shawo kan Pakistan don lashe gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2008 |title=South Africa Women v Ireland Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/129/129542.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2008 |title=South Africa Women v Pakistan Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/129/129546.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> An sanya wa 'yan Burtaniya suna a matsayin CSA Women's Cricketer of the Year na 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 Mutual & Federal SA CRICKET AWARDS – WINNERS |url=http://www.mf.co.za/Content/CricketAwards_Internet/2008/Awards2008.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804051357/http://www.mf.co.za/Content/CricketAwards_Internet/2008/Awards2008.htm |archive-date=4 August 2008 |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Mutual & Federal}}</ref> === Yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya: 2008 === 'Yan Burtaniya sun wakilci mata na tsakiya a lokacin Pro20 Women's Super4's a cikin 2008, kuma sun gama gasar tare da gudu 103, suna bin Mignon du Preez na Highveld kawai, wanda ya zira kwallaye rabin karni na gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro20 Women's Super 4's, 2008 / Records / Most runs |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/southafricandomestic/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=4522;type=tournament |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Bayan kammala gasar, tawagar kasa ta tashi zuwa Ireland don fara rangadin su na Ingila wanda ya fara da ODI bayan kwana hudu. Afirka ta Kudu ta ji daɗin cin nasara goma a farkon yawon shakatawa, tare da 'yan Burtaniya suna yin kwallo mai tsada biyu, suna ba da gudu 17 ciki har da takwas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2008 |title=Ireland Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/175/175563.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ba ta taɓa yin kwallo a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya ba tun shekara ta 2005, kuma ba ta sake yin hakan ba tun lokacin. Bayan ya yi 13 a wasan Twenty20 da Irish, 'yan Burtaniya sun fadi don ducks a cikin wasan da suka wuce 20 da Ingila Academy da kuma ODI na farko da Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2008 |title=Ireland Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/175/175564.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2008 |title=England Academy Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/181/181065.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2008 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/132/132443.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da gwagwarmaya tare da bat a cikin sauran ODIs guda uku, ta kasa wucewa 20 yayin da Ingila ta sauƙaƙe zuwa nasarar jerin 4-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's ODI Batting and Fielding for South Africa Women: South Africa Women in England 2008 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/South_Africa_Women_in_England_2008/wo_South_Africa_Women_Batting.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Ta sauke umarnin don wasannin Twenty20, ta buga a biyar da shida, amma bayan ta kasance 20 ba a ƙarshen wasan a wasan farko ba, an kore ta don 2 a duka wasannin da suka biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2008 |title=England Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/132/132451.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Kofin Duniya na Cricket, Duniya Twenty20: 2009 === Bayan nasarar da suka samu a yakin neman cancanta, Afirka ta Kudu ta kasance daya daga cikin kungiyoyin mata takwas da aka wakilta a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2009. Kafin gasar, an sanar da cewa Sunette Loubser za ta maye gurbin Brits a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar kasa. Denise Reid, mai shirya masu zaɓe, ta bayyana cewa an yi canjin ne don 'yan Burtaniya su "mai da hankali gaba ɗaya akan aikinta" kamar yadda "[Afirka ta Kudu] ke buƙatar kulawa da ba a raba ta ba game da rawar da aka ba ta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=27 January 2009 |title=Loubser replaces Brits as captain |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/southafrica/content/story/387960.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> A lokacin da take kyaftin din, 'yan Burtaniya sun kai matsakaicin 32.07 tare da bat, duk da haka goma sha biyu daga cikin wasanninta goma sha shida sun kasance da Ireland, Pakistan da Netherlands mata, duka kungiyoyin da Afirka ta Kudu ta doke cikin sauƙi a gasar cin kofin duniya; a kan Ingila mafi gasa, ta kai matsakaitan 8.75 tare da bat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistics / Statsguru / C Brits / Women's One-Day Internationals |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/54634.html?captain=1;class=9;filter=advanced;orderby=default;template=results;type=batting |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun yi jimillar jimillar a wasannin dumi guda biyu da suka yi da Indiya da Pakistan, amma sun kai matsakaicin 33.00 a wasannin Kofin Duniya, na biyu a cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu bayan Trisha Chetty . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batting and Fielding for South Africa Women: ICC Women's World Cup 2008/09 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/AUS/ICC_Womens_World_Cup_2008-09/South_Africa_Women_Batting.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Bayan ta zira kwallaye 7 a kan West Indies a wasan farko, ta yi 36 a kan zakarun duniya na Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2009 |title=South Africa Women v West Indies Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179881.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2009 |title=Australia Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179885.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta gama matakin rukuni ba tare da nasara ba lokacin da suka sha kashi 199 a New Zealand a wasan rukuni na karshe; bin 250, Afirka ta Kudu kawai ta sami nasarar yin 51, tare da Brits ta ci 25 wanda ya sa ta zama Afirka ta Kudu kadai da ta sanya shi cikin lambobi biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2009 |title=New Zealand Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179889.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun kasance 31 ba a cikin matsayi na bakwai ba yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta samu nasarar bin Sri Lanka na 75 tare da sama da 20 da suka rage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2009 |title=South Africa Women v Sri Lanka Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/179/179890.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun gama gasar cin kofin mata ta ICC ta 2009 a matsayin mai zira kwallaye 71. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Batting and Fielding for South Africa Women: ICC Women's World Twenty20 2009 |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/ICC_Womens_World_Twenty20_2009/South_Africa_Women_Batting.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> Rabin ƙarni da ta yi da New Zealand a wasan na biyu shine mafi girman maki da wata mace ta Afirka ta Kudu ta samu a Twenty20 International, ta wuce rikodin 38 da du Preez ya kafa kwanaki hudu da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / South Africa Women / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / High scores |url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=10;id=3379;type=team |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> Duk da rikodin ta, Afirka ta Kudu ta sha kashi a hannun New Zealanders da wickets 6, kodayake 'yan Burtaniya suna da karamin ta'aziyya na kasancewa mutum na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2009 |title=New Zealand Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/180/180949.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun zira kwallaye bakwai a kowane ɗayan wasannin da Afirka ta Kudu ta yi, duka biyun, a kan West Indies da Australia bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2009 |title=South Africa Women v West Indies Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/180/180941.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2009 |title=Australia Women v South Africa Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/180/180952.html |access-date=27 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> === Jerin West Indies: 2009-10 === Afirka ta Kudu da 'yan Burtaniya suna da wani batu da za su tabbatar a lokacin jerin su na 2009-10 da suka yi da West Indies, kuma suna da sha'awar inganta wasan kwaikwayon da suka yi kwanan nan. 'Yan Burtaniya sun zira kwallaye a kan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu a wasan farko na ODIs hudu tare da 48, amma ƙarni da ba a ci nasara ba daga West Indies mai buɗewa Stafanie Taylor ya taimaka wa masu yawon bude ido su bi jimlar kuma su ci nasara tare da kwallaye 51 da suka rage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2009 |title=South Africa Women v West Indies Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/256/256217.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun yi 31 a wasan na biyu yayin da Afirka ta Kudu ta daidaita jerin, sannan suka zira kwallaye 60 da suka ci nasara a wasan na uku don ba Afirka ta Kudu jagora a jerin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2009 |title=South Africa Women v West Indies Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/256/256218.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2009 |title=South Africa Women v West Indies Women |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/256/256219.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=CricketArchive}}</ref> A lokacin wannan innings, ta zama mace ta biyu ta Afirka ta Kudu da ta wuce 1,000 ODI gudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=21 October 2009 |title=Cri-zelda Brits gives SA the lead |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/women/content/story/430639.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> 'Yan Burtaniya sun rasa jerin Twenty20 masu zuwa tare da bronchitis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cricinfo staff |date=25 October 2009 |title=Fritz wary of Twenty20 unpredictability |url=http://www.cricinfo.com/women/content/story/431058.html |access-date=28 March 2010 |publisher=Cricinfo}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{reflist|2}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3yke8yu40wt3k196tsawa645dwgy9e4 0 80005 967038 547453 2026-10-13T02:05:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar goma Sha uku 13 ga Yuni, 2020, Daular [[Musulunci]] – Yammacin Afirka (ISWAP) ta ƙaddamar da hare-hare guda biyar a wasu wurare daban-daban a fadin [[Borno|jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] . Huɗu daga cikin hare-haren an kai su ne a [[Monguno]], ɗaya kuma ya faru ne a kauyen Goni Usmanti da ke ƙaramar hukumar [[Nganzai]], kuma an kashe sama da mutane sittin a hare-haren. == Fage == Kwanaki kaɗan kafin hare-haren Monguno da Nganzai, an kashe [[mutane]] tamanin da ɗaya a wani [[Kisan kiyashin Gubio|kisan gilla]] da ISWAP ta yi a Gubio a ranar Tara 9 ga watan Yuni. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fighters kill dozens, raze village in Nigeria's Borno state |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/10/fighters-kill-dozens-raze-village-in-nigerias-borno-state |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Harin dai na ɗaya daga cikin hare-hare mafi muni a shekarun baya bayan nan da ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta kai, kuma [[Abu Musab al-Barnawi]], wanda ya ɓalle daga ƙungiyar Boko Haram a baya-bayan nan ya kai ƙungiyar IS daular Islama – yammacin [[Afrika]] (ISWAP). <ref name=":0" /> == Kisan gilla == Harin farko ya fara ne a Goni Usmanti, dake ƙaramar hukumar Nganzai, inda mayakan ISWAP suka yi ta harbe-harbe a lokacin da suke shiga cikin birnin. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-14 |title=String of apparent jihadist attacks kills dozens in northeast Nigeria |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200614-string-of-apparent-jihadist-attacks-kills-dozens-in-northeast-nigeria |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> A ƙauyen, mayaƙan sun yi arangama da ƴan banga na yankin, amma da sauri mayaƙan jihadi suka mamaye mutanen yankin. Daga nan ne suka buɗe wuta kan wata babbar motar da ke jigilar ƴan kasuwa, inda suka ƙona motar da mutane da dama a ciki. Mutane biyu ne kawai suka tsira ta hanyar tsalle daga motar. <ref name=":1" /> Mayaƙan jihadin sun gudu daga Goni Usmanti lokacin da suka hango jerin gwanon motocin sojojin Najeriya daga [[Gubio]], inda suka far wa ƙauyen Mainmari a lokacin da suke ja da baya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=BOKO HARAM/ISWAP - AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF RECENT CIVILIAN SOFT TARGET ATTACKS |url=https://eonsintelligence.com/details/790585691/boko-haram-iswap-an-in-depth-analysis-of-recent-civilian-soft-target-attacks-1611601237 |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=EONS Intelligence |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307213017/https://eonsintelligence.com/details/790585691/boko-haram-iswap-an-in-depth-analysis-of-recent-civilian-soft-target-attacks-1611601237 |archive-date=2024-03-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sun kuma ƙona ƙauyen Mariram. <ref name=":2" /> An kashe fararen hula 29 a Goni Usmanti, sannan an kashe wasu goma sha uku a Mainmari. <ref name=":2" /> Da misalin ƙarfe 11:50 na safe, wannan gungun mayaƙan ISWAP sun shiga Monguno ta hanyar shiga Charly 1 da Charly 6, inda suka harba rokoki da harsasai kan masu gadi. <ref name=":2"/> An kai hari kan shingayen binciken ababan hawa biyu na sojojin Najeriya a birnin da misalin ƙarfe 12:30 na rana, lamarin da ya kai ga yin artabu tsakanin sojojin [[Rundunar Haɗin gwiwa ta Ƙasashen Duniya|hadin gwiwa]] na MNJTF da mayaƙan jihadi a birnin. Rikicin da aka yi tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu ya jikkata tare da kashe fararen hula. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=20 soldiers, 40 civilians killed in attacks Nigeria's Borno state |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/6/14/20-soldiers-40-civilians-killed-in-attacks-nigerias-borno-state |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Sojojin MNJTF sun yi galaba a kansu, kuma mayaƙan ISWAP sun yi ta yawo a Monguno na ‘yan sa’o’i. <ref name=":3" /> Mayaƙan jihadi sun isa tsakiyar Monguno da misalin ƙarfe 3:13 na rana, inda suka ƙona wata cibiyar jin ƙai ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke Monguno, inda suka raba wa fararen hula takardu da ke gargaɗin kada su yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu na Yamma.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2020-06-14 |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram crisis: UN 'appalled' by twin jihadist attacks in Borno |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53041886 |access-date=2024-03-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2020 |title=BLACK SATURDAY: Boko Haram, ISWAP attacks leave 60 dead in Borno |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/black-saturday-boko-haram-iswap-attacks-leave-60-dead-in-borno/ |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> Ma'aikatan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya 50 ne ke wurin a yayin harin, amma ba su samu rauni ba. <ref name=":4" /> Daga nan ne mayaƙan na ISWAP suka ƙona ofishin ‘yan sanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-13 |title=Militants Kill 20 Soldiers, 40 Civilians in Northeast Nigeria Attacks |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_militants-kill-20-soldiers-40-civilians-northeast-nigeria-attacks/6191075.html |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> == Bayan haka == Rundunar sojin Najeriya ta fitar da wata sanarwa inda ta ce ta yi nasarar daƙile harin Monguno tare da kashe mayaƙan jihadi ashirin. Ba a ambaci harin da aka kai a ƙaramar hukumar Nganzai ba. A Monguno, an kashe sojojin [[Najeriya]] 20 tare da kashe fararen hula aƙalla goma sha biyar. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":3"/> Fararen hula da suka jikkata sun mamaye asibitin da ke Nganzai, inda aka tilastawa wasu kwanciya a wajen asibitin. <ref name=":4" /> An kai sha shida 16 daga cikin fararen hula da suka jikkata a Monguno zuwa asibiti a [[Maiduguri]] a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, duk da cewa ɗaya ya rasu a kan hanya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-15 |title=Operational update on Monguno attack: 16 civilians evacuated to Maiduguri for surgical care |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/nigeria-update-monguno-attack-16-civilians-evacuated-maiduguri-surgical-care |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=International Committee of the Red Cross |language=en}}</ref> Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta jajanta wa waɗanda harin ya rutsa da su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement attributable to the Spokesman for the Secretary-General - on attacks in Borno State, Northern Nigeria {{!}} United Nations Secretary-General |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-06-15/statement-attributable-the-spokesman-for-the-secretary-general-attacks-borno-state-northern-nigeria |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tpc2q3sbtwhrrga0d3upg7v29jfr1mc 0 80640 967047 609932 2026-10-13T04:12:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967047 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Fayil:Camberwell_Green_Youth_Court.jpg|thumb|Ginin Kotun Matasa a Camberwell]] [[Fayil:Ying Fuk Court Children Play Area.jpg|thumb|wajan Wasan kotun Yara na ying fuk]] '''Kotun yara''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Kotun matasa masu laifi''' ko '''Kotun yara''', kotun ce da ke da iko na musamman don yanke hukunci game da [[Laifi|laifuka]] da yara da ba su kai shekaru ba. A mafi yawan tsarin shari'a na zamani, ana bi da yara da suka aikata laifi daban da manya na shari'a waɗanda suka aikata wannan laifi. Kasashe masu masana'antu sun bambanta da ko ya kamata a tuhumi yara a matsayin manya don manyan laifuka ko kuma a yi la'akari da su daban. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, ana gwada kananan yara a matsayin manya don mayar da martani ga "karin aikata laifukan yara". Har yanzu ba za a iya tuhumar matasa masu laifi ba a matsayin manya. Ana iya gurfanar da manyan laifuka, kamar kisan kai ko fyade, ta hanyar kotun manya a Ingila.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Goldson |first=B. |last2=Muncie |first2=J. |date=2012 |title=Towards a global 'child friendly' juvenile justice? |url=http://oro.open.ac.uk/30417/2/29357631.pdf |journal=International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice |volume=40 |pages=47–64 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlcj.2011.09.004}}</ref> Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 2007, babu wani bayanan Amurka da ya ba da rahoton ainihin adadin masu laifi na yara da aka gurfanar da su a matsayin manya.<ref name="peterson" /> Sabanin haka, kasashe irin su Ostiraliya da Japan suna cikin matakan farko na bunkasa da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen adalci na matasa masu kyau a matsayin jinkiri daga kotun manya.<ref name="peterson">{{Cite journal |last=Peterson |first=Scott |date=Summer 2009 |title=Made in America: The Global Youth Justice Movement |journal=Reclaiming Children and Youth}}</ref> A duniya, [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta karfafa kasashe su sake fasalin tsarin su don dacewa da tsarin da "duk al'umma [ya kamata] tabbatar da ci gaban jituwa na matasa" duk da halayyar laifi da za ta iya haifar da matsaloli. Fata ita ce ta haifar da "adalci mai kyau ga yara". Duk da duk canje-canjen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi, dokoki a aikace ba su da kyau.<ref name=":1"/> Canje-canje a cikin mahallin da ya dace suna haifar da batutuwan aiwatarwa a cikin gida, kuma laifukan kasa da kasa da matasa suka aikata suna haifar da karin tambayoyi game da amfanin shari'o'i daban-daban ga yara. Batutuwan shari'ar yara sun sami shahara a duniya a cikin al'adu daban-daban. Kamar yadda duniya ta ci gaba a cikin karni na baya-bayan nan, tambayoyi game da adalci, musamman game da kare hakkin yara a cikin kotunan yara, sun zo gaba. Manufofin duniya a kan wannan al'amari sun sami karbuwa mai yawa, kuma an sami canjin al'adu gaba daya zuwa magance masu laifi na yara daidai da wannan yanayin. <ref name=":1"/> == Misalai == Kotun yara, wani bangare na musamman a cikin tsarin shari'a, an ba shi aiki tare da yin hukunci da shari'o'in da suka shafi wadanda ake tuhuma da ke fuskantar tuhume-tuhumen da suka fara daga laifuka zuwa sakaci, ko kuma an dauke su ba tare da ikon iyaye ba. Yawanci, wadannan wadanda ake tuhuma ba su kai shekara 18, kodayake kofar doka don manya ta bambanta da iko. Kotun yara tana aiki daban daga kotunan manya, ba tare da iko a kan shari'o'in da yara ke fuskantar tuhuma a matsayin manya ba. Duk da yake shari'o'in da ke cikin kotun yara ba koyaushe ba ne ke bin tsarin adawa, ana ba wa yara damar samun wakilcin shari'a ta hanyar lauya. Bugu da kari, iyayen iyaye, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, da jami'an gwaji na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukan, da nufin cimma sakamako mai kyau da hana sake aikata laifuka. Koyaya, a cikin shari'o'in da suka shafi manyan laifuka ko maimaitawa, masu laifi na yara na iya fuskantar daurin kurkuku, wanda zai iya haifar da canja wurin zuwa wurin gyarawa na jihar bayan sun kai ga girma na doka. A cikin yanayin da rashin kulawar iyaye ko rashin iya sarrafa karami ya bayyana, kotun na iya bincika sanyawa a cikin kulawa, yana daukar kula da yaron. Kotun yara tana da bangarori da yawa, tana magance laifuffuka - wanda ya shafi ayyukan aikata laifuka da kananan yara suka aikata - da kuma dogaro, wanda ya kunshi abubuwan da ba iyaye ba inda ake bukatar kula da yara don jin daɗin kananan yara. === Tsarin adalci na maidowa === A cikin mulkin shari'ar yara, ana la'akari da manyan samfuran guda biyu: adalci mai maidowa da adalci na laifi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Umbreit |first=Mark |last2=Armour |first2=Marilyn |date=2011 |title=Restorative Justice and Dialogue: Impact, Opportunities, and Challenges in the Global Community |url=http://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol36/iss1/5 |journal=Washington University Journal of Law and Policy |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=65–89 |access-date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> A Amurka, akwai canji mai lura zuwa ga rungumar hanyar da ta fi dacewa, musamman game da masu laifi na yara. Kanada ta dade tana rungumar tsarin maidowa kuma tana ci gaba da inganta ayyukanta da nufin hada matasa masu laifi cikin al'umma, tare da mai da hankali kan hana sake aikata laifuka da haɓaka gudummawarsu mai kyau ga al'ummomi. Hakazalika, Austria ta kaddamar da shirye-shirye don aiwatar da shirye-aikacen sulhu na wanda aka azabtar, wanda aka tsara don ingantaccen hanyar adalci. New Zealand ta sami babban sake fasalin tsarin, wanda ya samo asali ne daga ayyukan da suka daɗe na yawan mutanen Māori na asali. Hanyarsu tana jaddada mafita ta iyali da nufin rage yawan fursunonin matasa. A duniya, akwai ci gaba mai girma na amfani da dabi'un gargajiya don yin tasiri ga tsarin kotun matasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Kotunan kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa == A cikin dokar kasa da kasa, gurfanar da yara saboda laifuka a kan jihar ya zama batun jayayya da bangarori da yawa, musamman game da yara sojoji. Maganin da aka gabatar ga wannan matsala mai rikitarwa ya hada da kafa kotunan matasa na musamman da nufin yanke hukunci kan shari'o'in da suka shafi kananan yara da ake zargi da laifukan kasa da kasa. Musamman, a yankuna kamar [[Saliyo]], akwai buƙatun al'umma mai karfi don rike masu aikata laifuka da cikakken lissafi, ba tare da la'akari da shekarunsu ko yanayin zamantakewa ba. Lokacin da ake tura yara zuwa waɗannan kotuna na musamman, suna karbar magani tare da girmamawa mai girma, tare da kokari na hadin gwiwa don farfadowa da sake haduwa, suna amincewa da shekarun da aka tilasta wa yara sojoji da yawa cikin rikici. Sakatare Janar ya bayyana amfani da irin wadannan kotuna kamar gabatar da "mahimmanci na ɗabi'a". Yara sojoji galibi suna shiga cikin rikice-rikicen makamai saboda barazanar tsarin ko tsarin da ke cikin mahallinsu. Duk da haka, suna da alhakin aikata ayyukan tashin hankali da yawa. Wannan rawar da ta taka a matsayin wadanda ke fama da mulkin zalunci da masu aikata ta'addanci sun gabatar da kalubale mai ban tsoro wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi kokari ta magance, ba kawai a cikin Saliyo ba har ma a wasu kasashe masu fama da cutar a duniya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Jimmy |date=24 May 2018 |title=Change In Law Raises Arizona's Juvenile Court Jurisdiction From 18 To 19 |url=https://kjzz.org/content/642595/change-law-raises-arizonas-juvenile-court-jurisdiction-18-19 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=KJZZ Arizona Public Access Radio}}</ref> == Amurka == Kodayake dokokin da ke kula da kotun yara sun bambanta sosai daga jiha zuwa jiha, babban burin kotunan yara na Amurka shine samar da gyare-gyare ko gyare-gine ga tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka na manya. Kodayake ba koyaushe ake saduwa da shi ba, manufa ita ce sanya matashi mai laifi a kan hanyar da ta dace don zama babba mai bin doka. === Ikon iko === Dokokin ikon kotun yara sun dogara da jihar. A mafi yawan jihohi, ikon kotun yara ya ci gaba har zuwa shekaru goma sha takwas, amma a wasu jihohi yana iya kare a shekara goma sha bakwai ko karami. Wasu jihohi, kamar Arizona, kwanan nan sun karbi manufofin tsawaita ikon iko, inda ikon ya kasance a karkashin ikon tsarin kotun matasa ta hanyar yanke hukunci na shekara goma sha tara.<ref name=":2" /> A wasu lokuta, wani matashi mai laifi wanda aka fara tuhuma a kotun yara za a dakatar da shi zuwa kotun manya, ma'ana cewa za a iya gwada mai laifi kuma a yanke masa hukunci kamar yadda ya faru da babba.<ref name="ncsl">{{Cite web |last=Teigen |first=Ann |date=17 April 2017 |title=Juvenile Age of Jurisdiction and Transfer to Adult Court Laws |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/juvenile-age-of-jurisdiction-and-transfer-to-adult-court-laws.aspx |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=National Conference of State Legislatures |archive-date=13 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913063748/http://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/juvenile-age-of-jurisdiction-and-transfer-to-adult-court-laws.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Shekarar alhakin ==== Babu shekarun kasa da suka dace wanda yaro ke da alhakin a cikin tsarin kotun yara; wannan ya bambanta tsakanin jihohi.<ref name="ncsl"/> * A cikin jihohi 44, matsakaicin shekarun kotun yara shine shekaru goma sha bakwai * A cikin jihohi biyar ([[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], [[Michigan]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], [[Texas]] da [[Wisconsin]]) matsakaicin shekarun kotun yara shine shekaru goma sha shida * Daya daga cikin jihohi, North Carolina, yana da matsakaicin shekaru don ikon kotun yara na shekaru goma sha biyar Jihohi sun bambanta dangane da shekarun da yaro zai iya fuskantar shari'ar kotun yara don halayyar laifi. Yawancin jihohi ba su kayyade mafi karancin shekaru a matsayin al'amari na doka ba.<ref name="dojage">{{Cite web |title=Jurisdictional Boundaries |url=https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/qa04102.asp?qaDate=2016 |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=Office of Justice Programs |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga jihohin da suka sanya mafi ƙarancin shekaru, don laifuka na matsayi: <ref name="ncsl"/> * [[Massachusetts]] da North Carolina sun sanya mafi karancin shekaru shida * [[Connecticut]] da [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] sun sanya mafi karancin shekaru bakwai * [[Arizona]] ta sanya mafi karancin shekaru takwas. Kuma don aikata laifuka: <ref name="ncsl"/> * Arewacin Carolina ya sanya mafi karancin shekaru shida. * Connecticut, New York, da [[Maryland]] sun kafa mafi ƙarancin shekaru bakwai * [[Kansas]]" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arkansas">Arkansas, [[Colorado]], Kansas, [[Louisiana]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[South Dakota|Dakota ta Kudu]], Texas, [[Vermont]] da Wisconsin sun sanya mafi karancin shekaru goma * [[California]] ta sanya mafi karancin shekaru 12 sai dai don kisan kai ko fyade, wanda saboda babu mafi karanci shekaru <ref>{{Cite web |title=California Welfare & Institutions Code § 601 |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=601. |access-date=February 1, 2019 |website=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=California Welfare & Institutions Code § 602 |url=http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=WIC&sectionNum=602. |access-date=February 1, 2019 |website=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]}}</ref> ==== Tsayawa zuwa kotu ta manya ====   Duk jihohi suna da dokoki da ke ba da izini, kuma a wasu lokuta suna bukatar, matasa masu laifi a gurfanar da su ko kuma a yanke musu hukunci a matsayin manya don manyan laifuka. A cikin ''Kent v. Amurka'' (1966), [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] ta yanke hukuncin cewa dole ne a ba wa matashi hakkin tsari, musamman cewa watsi da iko daga kotun yara zuwa kotun gundumar dole ne ya zama na son rai kuma ya san.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kent v. United States, 383 US 541, 86 S. Ct. 1045, 16 L. Ed. 2d 84 (1966) |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=5405024647930835755 |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=Google Scholar}}</ref> Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukunci, a cikin shari'ar In re Gault (1967), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and Case Summary - In re Gault |url=http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-re-gault |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=United States Courts}}</ref> cewa yara da ake zargi da aikata laifuka na yara suna da 'yancin yin aiki, lauya, da kuma cin zarafin kansu, ainihin' yancin ''Miranda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In re Gault, 387 US 1, 87 S. Ct. 1428, 18 L. Ed. 2d 527 |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10236837539750251931 |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=Google Scholar}}</ref> Rubuta ga mafi rinjaye, Mataimakin Mai Shari'a Abe Fortas ya rubuta, "A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, yanayin kasancewa yaro ba ya tabbatar da Kotun kangaroo. " Koyaya, ana gudanar da yawancin ayyukan yara ba tare da juri ba kamar yadda McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) ya yanke shawarar cewa yara ba su da irin wannan hakkin a wannan batun kamar manya.<ref>''[[In re Gault]]'', 387 U.S. 1, 28.</ref> ==== Sauran shari'o'i ==== A wasu hukunce-hukuncen, ban da shari'o'in da suka shafi aikata laifuka, kotun yara tana sauraron shari'oʼin da suka hada da Kula da yara, tallafin yara, da ziyara da kuma shari'o" inda ake zargin yara da cin zarafi ko watsi da su. === Hanyar kotu === Hanyoyi a kotun yara, ga matasa da ake tuhuma da aikata laifuka (ayyukan da za su zama laifuka idan manya suka aikata) ko laifuka na matsayi (laifuka da yara kawai za su iya aikata, kamar guduwa daga gida, keta dokar hana fita da kuma wucewa) yawanci ba su da tsari fiye da ayyukan da aka yi a kotunan manya. Za a iya rufe ayyukan ga jama'a, kuma za a iya ajiye sunan mai laifi daga cikin rikodin jama'a. ==== Guje wa tuhumar da aka yi a hukumance ==== A kotun matasa ta Amurka, yana yiwuwa a guji sanya tuhuma ta al'ada. Abubuwan da zasu iya shafar yadda kotun ke bi da matashi da kuma yanayin shari'ar sun hada da: # Matsanancin laifin. Babban laifi zai iya haifar da shigar da takarda fiye da kananan laifi. # Shekarar karami. Ana iya shigar da korafe-korafe a shari'o'in da suka shafi yara tsofaffi. # Tarihin da ya gabata na karami. Zargin da aka yi a hukumance sun fi dacewa lokacin da karami ya kasance a cikin kotun yara a baya. # Karfin shaidar cewa karamin ya aikata laifi. A bayyane yake, shaidar da ta fi karfi tana haifar da yiwuwar zargi na al'ada. # Jima'i na karami. Za a iya gabatar da tuhume-tuhumen da aka yi wa yara maza fiye da mata. # Tarihin zamantakewar karami. Ana iya gabatar da korafe-korafe lokacin da yara ke da tarihin matsaloli a gida ko makaranta. # Ikon iyaye ko mai kula da shi na sarrafa karami. Rashin kulawar iyaye ya fi girma, mai yiwuwa ne jami'in karɓar zai gabatar da takarda. Along with these seven, four "unofficial" factors can sway an official:{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2017}} # Halin karamin. Ayyuka na yau da kullun ba su da yawa lokacin da yaro ya nuna nadama don aikata laifi. # Bayyanar karamin. Idan saurayin yana da ladabi, yana da tufafi masu kyau, kuma an shirya shi sosai, to ma'aikatan da ke karbar baki suna iya daukar shari'ar ba bisa ka'ida ba. # Ko karamin yana da iyali ko tallafin al'umma. Karin goyon bayan da saurayi yake da shi, mai yiwuwa ne jami'in karɓar al'amarin ya magance lamarin ba bisa ka'ida ba. # Ko karamin yana da lauya. Rashin shari'a ba bisa ka'ida ba na iya zama ba tare da yiwuwar ba lokacin da yaro yana da lauya. A Connecticut, ana iya turawa ga kwamitin da ba na kotu ba wanda ake kira JRB (Juvenile Review Board). Wadannan kwamitocin na iya gabatar da kuduri wanda ba ya haifar da rikodin aikata laifuka na yara. Koyaya, akwai yanayi masu cancanta don a karɓi shari'ar don sake dubawa, kamar nau'in laifi (sau da yawa dole ne ya zama karami a yanayi) da kuma shigar kotu a baya (JRBs da yawa kawai suna karɓar laifuka na farko). ==== Hukunce-hukunce ==== Hukuncin kotun yara na iya kasancewa daga: * sa ido na yau da kullun, ta hanyar da kotun ke sa ido kan karami kuma ta watsar da tuhumar da ke jira idan karamin ya kasance daga matsala * kulawa ta yau da kullun, mai kama da gwaji manya, wanda a karkashinsa wani matashi ya sadu da kuma yana karkashin kulawar jami'in gwajin yara * daurin kurkuku, yawanci a cikin gidan yarinyaGidan tsare yara ==== Matsakaicin hukunci na tilas ==== Matsakaicin hukunci ya shiga cikin tsarin shari'ar yara a karshen shekarun 1970 saboda damuwa cewa wasu yara suna aikata manyan laifuka masu laifi. Za a iya sanya mafi karancin hukunci a kotun yara don wasu manyan laifuka, kamar kisan kai, kuma ya shafi yara kamar yadda manya suke idan an dakatar da yarinyar zuwa kotun manya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steiner |first=Emily |date=16 August 2017 |title=Mandatory Minimums, Maximum Consequences |url=http://jlc.org/blog/mandatory-minimums-maximum-consequences |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=Juvenile Law Center}}</ref> Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin cewa yin amfani da hukuncin rai da rai ga masu laifi ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pitt |first=David |date=16 June 2017 |title=Court: Required Minimum Juvenile Sentences Should Be Rare |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/iowa/articles/2017-06-16/iowa-court-mandatory-juvenile-sentences-should-be-uncommon |access-date=8 September 2017 |website=U.S. News}}</ref> == China == A matsayin wani bangare na ci gaba da sake fasalin shari'a na kasar Sin da nufin taimakawa masu laifi matasa wajen sake shiga cikin al'umma yadda ya kamata kuma da sauri, an kafa kotunan matasa tare da jaddada ilimi. Wani fasalin musamman na wadannan kotunan yara shine cewa gwaje-gwaje galibi suna daukar nau'in tarurruka na tebur, suna rage yawan ma'aikatan da ba su da mahimmanci da ke cikin shari'ar. Wannan yana da niyyar rage nauyin tunanin mutum na laifi a kan masu laifi matasa da kuma sauƙaƙa sake dawowa cikin al'umma.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=昌平-北京政法网 |url=https://www.bj148.org/wq/qwzfw/cp/202112/t20211213_1624196.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.bj148.org}}</ref> === Ikon iko === A cikin larduna 23 na kasar Sin, ban da shari'o'in da suka shafi kisan kai, laifuka da mutane da ba su kai shekara 16 ba, ko yara suka aikata (idan babu mutane da suka wuce shekaru 16 da ake tuhuma a cikin shari'ar), kotunan yara ne ke yanke hukunci. Kotunan yara kuma suna da ikon bayar da umarnin kulawa da kariya ga mutane masu shekaru 18 ko kasa da haka.<ref name=":4"/> Ya zuwa karshen 2022, an kafa kotunan yara 2,181 a duk faɗin kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022年《中国儿童发展纲要（2021—2030年）》统计监测报告 - 国家统计局 |url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202312/t20231229_1946067.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.stats.gov.cn}}</ref> ==== Kafa kotuna ==== Kotunan mutane na tsakiya da kotunan mutane na kasa a kasar Sin na iya kafa ƙungiyoyin shari'ar yara. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=最高人民法院 关于适用《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》的解释（20）-中国法院网 |url=https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2012/12/id/807066.shtml |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.chinacourt.org |archive-date=2024-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324114045/https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2012/12/id/807066.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> A yankunan da ba a riga an sami yanayin ba, ana iya sauraron shari'o'in laifuka na yara a cikin kungiyoyin shari'ar laifuka ko kuma ma'aikatan da aka zaba su kula da su. <ref name=":5"/> Kotunan mutane mafi girma na iya kafa bangarorin majalisa don shari'o'in laifuka na yara a cikin bangarorin shari'ar laifuka.<ref name=":5"/> ==== Ikon iko ==== # Shari'o'in da wanda ake tuhuma bai kai shekara 18 ba a lokacin da ake zargin laifin kuma bai kai shekara 20 ba a lokacin shigar da kara; # Shari'o'in da ake tuhuma bai kai shekara 18 ba a lokacin da ake zargin laifin, bai kai shekara 20 ba a lokacin shigarwa, kuma an tuhume shi a matsayin babban mai laifi ko kuma co-shugaba a cikin wani laifi na hadin gwiwa; # Ko wasu shari'o'in aikata laifuka na hadin gwiwa da suka shafi matasa ko wasu shari'ar aikata laifukan da suka shafi kananan yara za a yi musu shari'a a kotunan yara za a yanke hukunci da Shugaban Kotun Jama'a bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki na aikin kotun matasa. # Shari'o'in laifuka da daliban da ba su kai shekara ashirin da biyu ba suka aikata a lokacin shigarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=中华人民共和国司法部政府信息公开 |url=https://www.moj.gov.cn/pub/sfbgw/zwxxgk/fdzdgknr/fdzdgknrtzwj/202205/t20220530_456062.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.moj.gov.cn}}</ref> == Gyara == A cikin littafinsa na 1997 "No Matter How Loud I Shout," wanda ya shiga cikin Kotun Yara na Los Angeles, Edward Humes ya gabatar da karar sake fasalin a cikin tsarin kotun yara. Ya yi jayayya cewa tsarin yanzu sau da yawa ya kasa farfado da matasa masu laifi da yawa, a maimakon haka ya tura su kotun manya da wuri ko kuma ya yi watsi da su gaba daya ba tare da isasshen shawara, tallafi, ko lissafi ba. Kididdigar ta nuna cewa yayin da kashi 57% na masu aikata laifuka na farko ba su sake yin laifi ba, kashi 27% suna aikata laifula ɗaya ko biyu, kuma kashi 16% suna aikata laphuka huɗu ko fiye. Masu sukar a Amurka suna jayayya game da kiyaye tsarin kotu daban don matasa da masu laifi. Suna jayayya cewa ra'ayoyin al'umma game da matasa da matasa suna tasowa, suna bukatar canje-canje masu dacewa a cikin tsarin shari'a. Yarancin yau ya bambanta sosai daga ka'idojin tarihi, wanda ya sa wasu suyi tambaya game da bukatar tsarin kotun yara da manufofi na jinkirta shekaru.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Pakes |first=Francis |date=2010 |title=Global forces and local effects in youth justice: The case of Moroccan youngsters in Netherlands |journal=International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=109–119 |doi=10.1016/j.ijlcj.2010.10.003}}</ref> A duniya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta jagoranci sauye-sauye a kotunan yara da shari'ar yara. An gabatar da matakai don kare hakkin yara, musamman game da jagororin azabtarwa. An sami canji zuwa ga hanyoyin da ba su da horo, tare da Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yana ba da shawarar matakan kare yara da matasa daga mummunan ko wulakanci.<ref name=":1"/> Koyaya, kasashe da yawa na Yammacin Turai sun fuskanci zargi saboda rashin aiwatar da wadannan manufofi yadda ya kamata ko rarrabe tsakanin matasa da masu laifi a cikin shari'a ko yanke hukunci. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana ba da shawara don rashin hukunci mai tsanani ga matasa kuma tana jaddada shirye-shiryen tallafi na al'umma akan matakan azabtarwa. A tsakiyar shekarun 1900, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta inganta "informalism," yana ba da shawara don karkatarwa da kuma hanyoyin da za a yi la'akari da aikata laifuka ga yara, yana mai da tsarin adalci ya fi dacewa da yara. Kwanan nan, tsarin adalci na maidowa ya sami karfin gwiwa a matsayin hanyar da ta fi tasiri don sarrafawa da sake dawo da masu laifi na matasa cikin al'umma. Koyaya, kalubalen aiwatar da adalci mai maidowa ya samo asali ne daga bambance-bambance na al'adu da kuma amfani da samfurin a cikin mahallin zamantakewa daban-daban. Masu sukar suna taka tsantsan game da karbar sauye-sauyen kotun matasa a duniya, suna nuna iyakokin yin amfani da mafita iri daya ga yanayin zamantakewa daban-daban. Misali, abubuwan da matasa na Maroko da sauran kabilun tsiraru ko kungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira a cikin Netherlands suka nuna kalubalen magance matsalolin zamantakewa na cikin gida ta hanyar mafita masu yawa. Kotunan yara a cikin Netherlands, alal misali, suna jaddada farfadowa amma sau da yawa suna nuna halin azabtarwa a aikace, yana kara son zuciya da warewa ga kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru. Wannan bambancin yana jaddada bukatar la'akari da hankali yayin aiwatar da ayyukan duniya a cikin al'ummomin cikin gida, kamar yadda duniya ta adalci na matasa na iya ba da gangan ba ta ci gaba da cin zarafin duniya da rikitar da batutuwan ainihi.<ref name=":3"/> == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.penalreform.org/themes/juvenile-justice Bayani game da Shari'ar Yara] daga shafin yanar gizon Penal Reform International. * [https://www.defendyouthrights.org/ Cibiyar Gault], tsohuwar Cibiyar Tsaro ta Yara ta Kasa * [https://jacobrcampbell.com/resources/articles/juveniles-involved-in-the-justice-system Matasa da ke cikin Tsarin Adalci] bita ne game da tsarin shari'a na yara a Amurka, kwatanta shi da Kanada. * [http://www.preventdelinquency.org/ Shirin Rigakafin Laifi] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kwq0tfpfnasoupsk9b6d48xccrbtrox 0 80744 967043 898590 2026-10-13T02:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Bull run dam descent.jpg|thumb|dam in bull run ]] [[Fayil:Bull run river near headwaters.jpg|thumb|kogin run bull]] [[Fayil:Bull Run River forest trail.jpg|thumb|dajin zuwa kogin]]   {{databox}} '''Kogin Bull Run''' yana da nisan kilomita 35.2 na [[Oregon]])""Sandy River (Oregon)">Kogin Sandy a jihar Oregon ta kasar Amurka. Farawa a ƙananan ƙarshen Tafkin Bull Run a cikin Cascade Range, yana gudana gabaɗaya zuwa yamma ta hanyar Bull Run Watershed Management Unit (BRWMU), wani yanki mai ƙuntata don kare kogin da masu goyon bayansa daga gurɓataccen. Kogin, wanda ke da tafkunan ajiya guda biyu na wucin gadi da tafkin, shine tushen ruwan sha na birnin Portland, Oregon. Wataƙila 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amurka da ke zaune a gefen Kogin Columbia tun farkon shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata sun ziyarci tafkin ruwa na Bull Run don neman abinci. &nbsp;A cikin 'yan dubban shekaru da suka gabata sun kirkiro hanyoyi a kan Cascade Range da kewayen Dutsen Hood, kusa da saman ɓangaren ruwa na Bull Run. A tsakiyar karni na 19, majagaba sun yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin don ƙetare duwatsu daga gabas zuwa yamma don isa ga Kwarin Willamette mai kyau. A cikin shekarun 1890, Birnin Portland, na neman tushen ruwan sha mai tsabta, ya zaɓi Kogin Bull Run. Gina madatsar ruwa, gina hanya, da kuma shari'a don kare ruwa ya fara ba da daɗewa ba, kuma ruwan Bull Run ya fara gudana ta hanyar babban bututu zuwa birnin a cikin 1895. basalt mai tsayayya da rushewa ya kasance a ƙarƙashin yawancin ruwa, kuma koguna da ke wucewa a kansa ba su da wani abu. Koyaya, turbidity yana ƙaruwa lokacin da ƙasa marar daidaituwa da ke tsakanin yadudduka na basalt da sauran duwatsun dutsen wuta suka damu kuma suka wanke cikin kogi a lokacin ruwan sama. Duk da kariya ta shari'a, kusan kashi 22 cikin 100 na yankin da aka kare an yi rajista a lokacin rabi na biyu na karni na 20, kuma [[Zaizayar Kasa|rushewa]] ya karu. &nbsp;&nbsp;A wani lokaci a cikin 1996, Portland ya rufe samar da Bull Run saboda turbidity kuma ya sauya zuwa ruwa daga rijiyoyi. Dokar da aka zartar daga baya a wannan shekarar ta haramta yawancin katako a cikin ko kusa da ruwa, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin Ofishin Ruwa na Portland da Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Amurka sun rufe yawancin hanyoyin katako kuma sun cire culverts da sauran ababen more rayuwa da ke taimakawa ga rushewa. Bishiyoyi masu girma, mafi yawansu sun wuce shekaru 500 kuma sun fi {{Convert|21|in|cm}} a diamita, sun rufe kusan rabin ruwa, kuma sauran ruwa ma suna da gandun daji sosai. &nbsp;Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga inci 80 (2,000 kusa da ruwan da ake amfani da shi zuwa inci 170 (4,300 kusa le headwaters. Fiye da nau'ikan namun daji 250, gami da kwayar cuta ta arewa, suna zaune a wannan gandun daji. A ƙasa da BRWMU, ruwan da ke cikin ruwa ba shi da ƙuntatawa. A ƙarshen karni na 19, an kafa wata al'umma da ba a kafa ta ba, Bull Run, kusa da kogi tare da aikin hydroelectric da layin dogo mai alaƙa. &nbsp;Kimanin kilomita 6 (10 na ƙananan kogi yana buɗewa don kamun kifi da jirgin ruwa, kuma ƙasar da ke haɗuwa da kogin Bull Run da Sandy sun kasance wurin shakatawa na jama'a tun farkon karni na 20.&nbsp; == Hanyar da ake ciki == [[Fayil:Bull_run_lake_and_mount_hood.jpg|alt=A snow-capped conical mountain rises in the distance beyond heavily forested hills at the far end of a lake.|left|thumb| Kogin Bull Run ya fara ne a tafkin Bull Run . Dutsen Hood, bayan ruwa na Bull Run, ya tashi a nesa, kimanin kilomita 8 (13 zuwa kudu maso gabas.]] Kogin Bull Run ya fara ne a Tafkin Bull Run, wani ruwa na halitta wanda Ofishin Ruwa na Portland ya gyara dan kadan, kusa da Dutsen Hilo a Dutsen Hood Wilderness.{{Refn|The river begins at the dam at the southwest end of the lake near the water-stage recorder at RM&nbsp;29.1 (RK&nbsp;46.8). Surface flow from the lake occurs only when the Portland Water Bureau deliberately releases water.{{sfn|Snyder|Brownell|1996|p=31}} Even when water is not flowing on the surface, it constantly seeps through [[Compaction (geology)|unconsolidated]] rock near and under the dam and emerges in [[Spring (hydrosphere)|springs]] further down the drainage.{{sfn|Snyder|Brownell|1996|p=14}}}} Ya samo asali ne a yankin Clackamas County a arewacin Forest Road 18 (Lolo Pass Road), hanyoyin da ba a san sunansa ba sun shiga tafkin. Yana gudana a arewa maso yamma daga tafkin, kogin nan da nan ya shiga Multnomah County ya ci gaba gaba gaba da arewa maso yammacin kusan kilomita 5. Tare da wannan shimfiɗa, kogin yana gudana ta hanyar ma'aunin rafi na Amurka (USGS) a kilomita na kogi (RM) 20.9 ko kilomita na kudancin (RK) 30.6, yana wucewa a ƙarƙashin Forest Road 1025 da Forest Road 10 kuma yana karɓar Blazed Alder Creek daga [[wiktionary:left bank|hagu]] da Log Creek da Falls Creek, duka daga [[wiktionary:right bank|dama]]. &nbsp;&nbsp;Sa'an nan kogin ya juya kudu maso yamma kuma ya wuce wani ma'auni na rafi kafin ya shiga Bull Run River Reservoir 1 a RM 15 (RK 24). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Har ila yau shiga tafkin shine Fir Creek daga hagu, North Fork Bull Run River daga dama, sannan Deer, Cougar, da Bear creeks, duk daga dama. Kogin Bull Run ya fita daga tafkin ta hanyar hanyar ruwa mai nisan kilomita 11 (18 daga bakin kogin. Hanyar Forest 10 tana gudana kusan daidai da gefen dama na kogi daga kusa da ruwa zuwa Hanyar Kudu maso Yammacin Bull Run, kusa da bakin.<ref name="topoquest multiple quads">{{Cite web |last=United States Geological Survey (USGS) |title=United States Geological Survey Topographic Map |url=http://www.topoquest.com/map.php?lat=45.50103&lon=-122.00588&datum=nad83&zoom=4&map=auto&coord=d&mode=zoomin&size=m |access-date=July 8, 2009 |publisher=TopoQuest}}</ref> Shigar da Bull Run River Reservoir 2, kogin ya karɓi Camp Creek daga hagu, ya sake shiga Clackamas County, kuma ya karɓi Kogin South Fork Bull Run daga hagu. &nbsp;Kogin ya fita daga tafkin ta hanyar zubar da ruwa a kusan RM 6 (RK 10). &nbsp;&nbsp;Da ke ƙasa da Reservoir 2, Forest Road 10 (Waterworks Road) yana kan gefen dama na kogi, kuma Forest Road 14 yana kan hagu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kogin yana gudana ta hanyar ma'auni a RM 4.7 (RK 7.6) kuma yana wucewa a ƙarƙashin Forest Road 14 kafin ya karɓi Little Sandy River daga hagu a kusan RM 2 (RK 3). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kogin ya juya arewa maso yamma, ya wuce a ƙarƙashin hanyar da ba a san sunanta ba sannan kuma a ƙarƙashin Hanyar Kudu maso Gabashin Bull Run kusa da al'ummar da ba a haɗa shi ba na Bull Run, wanda ke hannun dama na kogin, da kuma Gidan wutar lantarki na Bull Run Hydroelectric Project, wanda ke hagu. Hanyar Kudu maso Gabashin sansanin Namanu tana gudana kusan daidai da kogin tare da gefen dama daga nan zuwa bakin. Tare da wannan shimfiɗa, kogin yana karɓar Laughing Water Creek daga dama ya shiga Kogin Sandy a Dodge Park, kimanin kilomita 18.5 (29.8) daga haɗuwar kogin da Kogin Columbia.<ref name="topoquest multiple quads"/> === Rashin fitarwa === [[Fayil:Bull_run_river_near_headwaters.jpg|alt=A clear small steam flows through a densely wooded forest.|right|thumb|Kogin Bull Run kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a Dutsen Hood National Forest]] The USGS and the water bureau operate a stream gauge at RM&nbsp;4.7 (RK&nbsp;7.6), which is {{Convert|1.8|mi|km}} downstream from Bull Run Reservoir 2 and the water system intake. Measurements are for the river only and do not include water diverted upstream of the gauge to the city water supply or to a former power plant. The maximum flow at this station was {{Convert|24800|cuft/s|m3/s}} on December 22, 1964, and the minimum flow was {{Convert|1.1|cuft/s|m3/s}} on October 4, 1974. The drainage area above this gauge is {{Convert|107|sqmi|km2}}, about 77&nbsp;percent of the whole watershed.<ref name="Bull Run gauge">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=USGS 14140000 Bull Run River near Bull Run (River Only), OR |url=http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/uv?14140000 |access-date=October 22, 2009 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> The maximum flow occurred during the floods of December 1964 and January 1965, rated by the National Weather Service as one of Oregon's top 10 weather events of the 20th&nbsp;century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon's Top 10 Weather Events of 1900s |url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/pqr/paststorms/index.php#top5 |access-date=March 9, 2010 |publisher=National Weather Service}}</ref> Since 1966, the USGS has monitored the flow of the Bull Run River at a stream gauge {{Convert|14.8|mi|km}} from the mouth. The average flow between then and 2008 was {{Convert|404|cuft/s|m3/s}}. This is from a drainage area of {{Convert|47.90|sqmi|km2|2}}, about 34&nbsp;percent of the entire watershed. The maximum flow recorded during this period was {{Convert|15800|cuft/s|m3/s}} on November 5, 1999. The minimum was {{Convert|30|cuft/s|m3/s}} on October 28–31, 1987. The uppermost stream gauge on the main stem is at RM&nbsp;20.9 (RK&nbsp;30.6), {{Convert|1|mi|km}} downstream from the outlet structure at Bull Run Lake. In operation since 1992, the gauge recorded an average flow of {{Convert|26.1|cuft/s|m3/s}} between then and 2009. This was from a drainage area of {{Convert|5.08|sqmi|km2}}, about 4&nbsp;percent of the total watershed. The maximum flow recorded during this period was {{Convert|148|cuft/s|m3/s}} on February 7, 1996. The minimum was {{Convert|8.2|cuft/s|m3/s}} on October 28, 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Water-Data Report 2009: USGS 14138720 Bull Run River at Lower Flume near Brightwood, OR |url=http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/14138720.2009.pdf |access-date=March 14, 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |archive-date=February 20, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220150500/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/14138720.2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga ma'aunin ma'auni guda uku, USGS tana aiki da wasu ma'aunonin rafi guda biyar a cikin ruwa na Bull Run. Kowane ɗayan masu zuwa yana da ma'auni ɗaya: Fir Creek, Blazed Alder Creek, North Fork, South Fork, da Little Sandy . <ref name="rain snow">{{Cite web |title=Rain, Snow and Streamflow |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=29923&a=119905 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609081715/http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=29923&a=119905 |archive-date=June 9, 2011 |access-date=March 14, 2010 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref> Kusa da tsarin fitarwa na Bull Run Lake, mai rikodin ruwa na USGS a RM 21.9 (RK 46.8) ya tattara bayanai akan matakan tafkin tun 1992. &nbsp;&nbsp; abun ciki na tafkin tsakanin lokacin da 2009 ya kasance acre-feet m3 a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1996, kuma mafi ƙarancin ya kasance 31,080 acre-foot (38,340,000 m3) ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1992. <ref name="lake gauge">{{Cite web |title=Water-Data Report 2009: USGS 14138560 Bull Run Lake near Brightwood, OR |url=http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/14138560.2009.pdf |access-date=June 7, 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305070423/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/14138560.2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hakanan tafkunan Bull Run guda biyu suna sanye take da masu rikodin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Water Data Report, Water Year 2005 – Bull Run Basin |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2005/wdr-or-05/pdf/bullrun2.pdf |access-date=March 16, 2010 |publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> == Ilimin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Fir_Creek_on_the_Bull_Run.jpg|alt=A small stream rushes over rocks through a forest.|left|thumb|Fir Creek, wani kogi na Kogin Bull Run]] Kogin Columbia, mai shekaru goma 10 zuwa ashirin 20, wanda ke haifar da yawancin ruwan Bull Run an fallasa shi kusa da kasan kwari masu tsawo a gefen kogin da kewaye da shi. &nbsp;A cikin rabin yammacin ruwa, tsarin Rhododendron, mai wadata a cikin turɓaya, ya rufe basalt, kuma daga baya kwararar dutsen basalt da andesite ya rufe duka tsofaffin tsari. Yankunan tsaunuka masu kauri suna faruwa a gabashin ɓangaren ruwa a tsaunuka sama da {{Convert|2500|ft|m}} sama da matakin teku, kuma gangaren da ke fuskantar arewa sama da {{Convert|2600|ft|m}} suna nuna shaidar glaciation. Fiye da ƙarni da yawa, rafi a cikin ruwa sun zana canyons ta hanyar Rhododendron zuwa matakin basalt. Tun da yake basalt yana tsayayya da rushewa, ruwan da ke tafiya a kansa ya kasance ba shi da wani abu. Kasa da kashi 2 cikin dari na ruwa yana cikin haɗari mai yawa don rushewar ƙasa.<ref name="source water">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Source Water Assessment Report |url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/327673 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811140450/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/327673 |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 29, 2009 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Landscape and Geology |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=44913& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811140848/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/399934 |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 30, 2009 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref>&nbsp; [[Fayil:2023_bull_run_camp_fire_-_oregon_01.jpg|thumb|Ruwa na Bull Run da Wutar Camp Creek ta 2023]] Rashin ruwa guda uku na Kogin Bull Run - Bull Run Lake, Bull Run Reservoir 1, da Bull Run Resèrvoir 2 - suna da oligotrophic kuma ba sa riƙe siffofin rayuwa da yawa.{{Sfn|Johnson|Petersen|Lycan|Sweet|1985}}{{Sfn|Johnson|Petersen|Lycan|Sweet|1985}} &nbsp;&nbsp;Tafkin Bull Run yana cikin wani circus mai tsayi wanda aka toshe shi a ƙarshen sa ta hanyar jerin kwararar dutse da aka ɗora shi da tarkace daga moraine mai dusar ƙanƙara. Ƙananan rafi suna gudana cikin tafkin daga tuddai da ke sama da shi, ruwa yana fita daga tafkin galibi ta hanyar shiga cikin dutse mai laushi don shiga Kogin Bull Run kimanin kilomita 0.5 (0.80) a ƙasa.{{Sfn|Johnson|Petersen|Lycan|Sweet|1985}} Shaida ta nuna cewa a cikin dubban shekaru da suka gabata, kodayake gobarar daji a yankin da ayyukan dutsen wuta a Dutsen Hood ko Dutsen St. Helens sun haifar da canje-canje na wucin gadi a yanayin limnological na tafkin, "ko da yaushe ya koma yanayin da ya yi kama da waɗanda aka gani a yanzu. " Turbidity wani lokaci matsala ce a cikin Reservoirs 1 da 2 lokacin da ƙasa mara daidaituwa da ke tsakanin yadudduka na lava ya lalace cikin masu ba da gudana, musamman Arewa da Kudu. {{Sfn|Johnson|Petersen|Lycan|Sweet|1985}}{{Sfn|Johnson|Petersen|Lycan|Sweet|1985}}&nbsp; == Tarihi == === Mutanen farko === Shaidar archaeological ta nuna cewa 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun zauna a gefen ƙananan Kogin Columbia tun farkon shekaru dubu goma 10,000 da suka gabata.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} &nbsp;Yankin da ke kusa da abin da daga baya ya zama The Dalles, a gabashin Columbia na bakin Kogin Sandy, daga ƙarshe ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci. Indiyawa sun kafa ƙauyuka a kan ambaliyar ruwa kuma sun yi tafiya a wasu lokutan don tattara huckleberries da sauran abinci a kan filayen tsaunuka, don kamun kifi don salmon, da kuma farautar elk da deer. Kodayake babu wata hujja kai tsaye da ta wanzu cewa waɗannan Indiyawa na ƙananan Columbia sun yi tafiya zuwa Sandy, mai yiwuwa sun yi.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} Alamar waɗannan mutane sun haɗa da petroglyphs da aka sassaƙa a cikin duwatsu na Kogin Columbia. A cikin 'yan dubban shekaru da suka gabata, Indiyawa sun kirkiro hanyoyi a fadin Cascade Range a kusa da Dutsen Hood. A cikin karni na 19, wannan hanyar sadarwa ta haɗa Wascopam Mission kusa da Dalles zuwa ƙauyuka a cikin Willamette Valley. &nbsp;Wata sananniyar hanyar ta haye Lolo Pass, kusa da kogin Bull Run, kuma wani, wanda daga baya ya zama Barlow Road, ya sadu da hanyar Lolo Pass kusan inda kogin Zigzag da Salmon suka shiga Sandy.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} Indiyawa daga ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Columbia, Clackamas, da sauran koguna suma sun yi tafiya ta ruwa zuwa yankin Kogin Sandy don kamun kifi don salmon da tattara 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi da tushen.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} Ƙabilar Klickitat tana kiran tafkin Bull Run a matsayin ''Gohabedikt'', ma'ana "Loon Lake".{{Sfn|Snyder|Brownell|1996}} === Masu bincike, mazauna, da ayyukan ruwa === [[Fayil:Bull_Run_exploration,_1891.jpg|thumb|Binciken Kogin Bull Run a cikin 1891]] Kafin Lewis da Clark Expedition na 1805, 'yan Turai kaɗan ko' yan Turai-Amurka sun ziyarci tafkin Kogin Sandy. Ɗaya daga cikin ziyarar farko da aka rubuta zuwa saman Sandy ya faru ne a 1838, lokacin da Daniel Lee ya kori shanu daga kwarin Willamette zuwa Wascopam ta hanyar hanyar Indiya a kan Lolo Pass. A shekara ta 1840, majagaba suna amfani da hanyar don haye Cascades, kuma hanyar Barlow, ta bi wata tsohuwar hanyar, ta buɗe a 1846. Ɗaya daga cikin rassansa ya gudana tare da Devil's Backbone, wani tudu da ke raba Sandy da Little Sandy basins. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sababbin sun zauna a gefen Kogin Sandy.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} [[Fayil:Bull_Run_construction.png|left|thumb|Gina hanyar farko ta Bull Run.]] A cikin 1886, Kwamitin Ruwa na Portland, wanda ya riga ya kasance Ofishin Ruwa na Portland, ya fara neman mafi kyawun tushen ruwan sha. Kwamitin, wanda Henry Failing ya jagoranta, ya ba da izini ga Isaac W. Smith, injiniya da mai binciken ƙasa, don bincika duk wani ruwa mai inganci a yankin. Smith ya zaɓi Kogin Bull Run, kuma tafiyar bincike ta watanni biyar ta kai shi ga kammala cewa tsarin jan hankali na iya isar da ruwa mai tsabta daga Bull Run zuwa Portland.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} A shekara ta 1892, Shugaban Amurka Benjamin Harrison ya sanya hannu kan wata sanarwa da ta kirkiro wani yanki mai kariya, Bull Run Reserve, a cikin ruwa. A shekara ta 1895 Portland ta gina madatsar ruwa a kan Kogin Bull Run, kuma ta kammala hanyar farko (Conduit 1) don ɗaukar ruwan Bull Run zuwa birni.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} A kusan lokaci guda kamar binciken Smith, wani karamin al'umma na noma, da farko ana kiranta Unavilla amma an sake masa suna Bull Run a shekara ta 1895, ya girma kusa da haɗuwar kogin Bull Run da Sandy.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} A halin yanzu, ci gaba ga Hanyar Barlow ya karfafa karuwar yawan jama'a tare da ƙananan Sandy da kafa biranen kamar Gresham da Sandy. Duk da haka, a shekara ta 1900 yawancin tafkin Sandy na sama har yanzu yana da nisa, daji, kuma ana iya isa shi ta hanyoyi.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} fadada tsarin ajiya da isar da shi a matakai, birnin ya gina Conduit 2 daga Bull Run zuwa Portland a 1911, kuma a 1917 ya gina karamin madatsar ruwa a babban tashar ruwa na Bull Run Lake.{{Sfn|Short|1983}}{{Sfn|Short|1983}} &nbsp;A cikin 1921, birni ya maye gurbin madatsar ruwa da sabon, kimanin 40 feet (12 tsawo, kuma ya kara Conduit 3.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} &nbsp;A cikin 1929, Portland ta gina Dam 1 (Ben Morrow Da, wanda ke da kimanin mita 200 (61 m) tsawo.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} &nbsp;Don ci gaba da ci gaban yawan jama'a da karuwar buƙatun ruwa, birnin ya kirkiro Reservoir 2 a bayan Dam 2.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} Sabuwar madatsar ruwan, wadda aka kammala a 1962 a shafin madatsar ruwa, tsari ne na dutse, {{Convert|110|ft|m}} tsawo.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} A wannan lokacin, birnin ya riga ya maye gurbin tsohuwar Conduit 1 da Conduit 4.{{Sfn|Short|1983}}&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Fayil:Bull_Run_River_at_power_house.jpg|alt=A small river flows by a two-story masonry building with many windows.|right|thumb| Tashar wutar lantarki da ba ta wanzu a gefen kogi]] The lower Bull Run River changed dramatically in 1906, when the Mount Hood Railway and Power Company (MHR&P) began work on the Bull Run Hydroelectric Project. The project included a powerhouse on the Bull Run River at RM&nbsp;1.5 (RK&nbsp;2.4), and a diversion dam on one of its largest tributaries, the Little Sandy River, {{Convert|1.7|mi|km}} from its confluence with the Bull Run River. Water from the Little Sandy Dam diverted much of the Little Sandy's flow through a wooden flume about {{Convert|3.2|mi|km}} long to a {{Convert|140|acre|km2}} reservoir called Roslyn Lake and from there to the powerhouse.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} Don fara aikin, MHR & P suna buƙatar samun dama ga shafin wutar lantarki. A lokacin, ya ɗauki sa'o'i uku ta hanyar motsa jiki don isa Bull Run daga tashar jirgin sama ta lantarki a Boring. Dole ne a shimfiɗa hanyoyi a yankin don a yi amfani da su a lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa. Samun damar ya inganta a tsakiyar shekara ta 1911, lokacin da kamfanin ya gama gini a kan layin dogo mai nisan kilomita 35 tsakanin unguwar Montavilla a gabashin Portland da Bull Run. <ref name="Dodge Park">{{Cite web |title=Dodge Park History |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=47496&a=196685 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811141139/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/196685 |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=January 17, 2010 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref>{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} A cikin 1912, shekarar da wutar lantarki ta fara samar da wutar lantarki, MHR&P ta haɗu da Portland Railway, Light and Power Company, (PRL&P), wanda daga baya ya canza layin don amfani da trolleys na lantarki.<ref name="Dodge Park" /> In 1913, the PRL&P, the predecessor of the electric utility company known as Portland General Electric (PGE), expanded the hydroelectric project by building Marmot Dam at RM&nbsp;30 (RK&nbsp;48) on the Sandy River, from which it diverted water through canals and tunnels, the longest of which was {{Convert|4690|ft|m}}, to the Little Sandy River upstream of the Little Sandy Dam.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} This increased the maximum flow along the flume to Roslyn Lake from about {{Convert|200|cuft/s|m3/s}} to about {{Convert|800|cuft/s|m3/s}}. Since the combined flow entered the lower Bull Run River after leaving the powerhouse, the system altered the flows of three rivers.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} In 1999, close to a century after the start of the project, PGE announced that it would remove the Marmot and Little Sandy dams and related equipment and close the 22-megawatt powerhouse because of costs associated with maintenance and fish protection.<ref name="dam removal">{{Cite web |title=Sandy River |url=http://www.portlandgeneral.com/community_environment/initiatives/protecting_fish/sandy_river/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213181211/https://www.portlandgeneral.com/community_environment/initiatives/protecting_fish/sandy_river/default.aspx |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=January 17, 2010 |publisher=Portland General Electric}}</ref> Marmot Dam was demolished in 2007 and the Little Sandy Dam in 2008, restoring natural flows to the Sandy and Little Sandy.<ref name="dam removal" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2008 |title=Oregon Field Guide: Marmot Dam Removed |url=http://www.opb.org/television/programs/ofg/segment/marmot-dam-removed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213150033/http://www.opb.org/television/programs/ofg/segment/marmot-dam-removed/ |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2015 |publisher=Oregon Public Broadcasting}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta alif 1982, aiki a kan Portland Hydroelectric Project, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da Bull Run Hydroele Electric Project, ya fara samar da wutar lantarki a gidajen wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin madatsun ruwa a Reservoirs 1 da 2 a kan Kogin Bull Run . <ref name="Hydroelectric Bureau">{{Cite web |title=Bureau of Hydroelectric Power |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.CFM?&c=39294 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213053245/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/39294 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=January 21, 2010 |publisher=City of Portland}}</ref> Portland tana sayar da wutar lantarki daga tashar 24-megawatt a Dam 1 da kuma tashar 12-megawatt zuwa Dam 2 zuwa PGE, wanda ke aiki da kuma kula da kayan aikin.{{Sfn|Short|1983}}<ref name="Hydroelectric Bureau" /> &nbsp;&nbsp;PGE, kamfani ne tare da ofisoshin gida a Portland, yana da wasu hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da yawa, wanda yake siyarwa ga abokan ciniki a cikin yanki mai nisan kilomita dubu goma 10,000 a arewacin Willamette Valley.[]<ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Our Company: Quick Facts |url=http://www.portlandgeneral.com/our_company/pge_glance/quick_facts.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820112357/http://www.portlandgeneral.com/our_company/pge_glance/quick_facts.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2010 |access-date=August 15, 2010 |publisher=Portland General Electric}}</ref> === Kashewa === [[Fayil:Bull_Run_River_forest_trail.jpg|alt=A woman, dressed in dark clothing contrasting with fuchsia hair ribbons and a fuchsia sweatshirt wrapped around her waist, hikes through a dark forest with the aid of metal walking sticks.|left|thumb|Wani baƙo a kan yawon shakatawa na Ofishin Ruwa na Portland na ruwa yana tafiya tare da hanyar gandun daji kusa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.]] A shekara ta 1973, Joseph Miller, Jr., likitan Portland da ya yi ritaya, ya kai karar Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka, yana mai cewa katako ta keta dokar Bull Run Trespass Act. A shekara ta 1976, Alkalin Gundumar Amurka James M. Burns ya amince, kuma an dakatar da katako. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Majalisa ta soke Dokar Cin zarafin Bull Run kuma ta maye gurbin ta da Dokar Gudanar da Ruwa ta Bull Run ta 1977, wanda ya haifar da Sashin Gudanar da Ruwan Bull Run (BRWMU) (ya maye gurbin Bull Run Reserve) kuma ya halatta ci gaba da yin katako na Bull Run sai dai idan za a iya nuna shi don rage ingancin ruwa.<ref name="new agreement">{{Cite web |last=U.S. Forest Service and Portland Water Bureau |date=July 2007 |title=Report to the Community Regarding a New Bull Run Watershed Management Unit Agreement |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=44112&a=312137 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608235425/http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=44112&a=312137 |archive-date=June 8, 2011 |access-date=August 8, 2010 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau |format=PDF}}</ref> Kashe katako da muhawara game da katako sun ci gaba. A cikin 1994 kimanin kashi 75 cikin dari na BRWMU an sanya shi a cikin ajiya don kare kwayar arewa da sauran nau'o'in da suka dogara da gandun daji masu tsufa.<ref name="new agreement" /> &nbsp;A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1996, ruwan sama mai yawa daga ruwan sama mai tsanani a cikin ruwa ya wanke ƙasa mai yawa a cikin tafkunan ajiyar Bull Run cewa birni ya rufe samar da Bull Run kuma ya sauya a lokacin rikicin zuwa samar da gaggawa daga filin rijiyar tare da Kogin Columbia.<ref name="Larson">{{Cite journal |last=Larson |first=Douglas |date=May–June 2009 |title=The Battle of Bull Run |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-battle-of-bull-run |journal=American Scientist |volume=97 |issue=3 |page=182 |doi=10.1511/2009.78.182 |access-date=March 30, 2022}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya a cikin 1996, Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Kare albarkatun Oregon, wanda ya haramta katako a duk ƙasashen Forest Service a cikin ruwan da ke cikin Bull Run da kuma wasu kadada 3,500 (14 na ƙasar da ta kwarara zuwa ƙananan Kogin Bull Run.<ref name="new agreement" /> A shekara ta 2001, Dokar Little Sandy ta tsawaita haramcin ga dukan BRWMU da ƙasashen jama'a tare da Little Sandy River . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2011 |title=Public Law 107–30: Little Sandy River Watershed Protection |url=https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ30/PLAW-107publ30.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811152054/https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ30/PLAW-107publ30.pdf |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Tsakanin 1958 da 1993, lokacin da aka yanke katako na ƙarshe a cikin BRWMU, kimanin kadada 14,500 (59 , kusan kashi cikin dari na ruwan da ke cikin ruwa, an katako.<ref name="new agreement"/> &nbsp;Tun daga wannan lokacin, don rage lalacewa daga kayan aikin katako, Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka da ofishin ruwa suna dakatar da sassan hanyar hanyar gandun daji ta Bull Run, wanda ya girma zuwa mil 346 (kilomita 557). <ref name="Milstein" /> A lokacin kaka na shekara ta 2008, sun rufe hanyoyi masu nisan kilomita 78 (kilomita 126) rushe wasu mil 63 (kilomitara 101), kuma suna cire rami 245.&nbsp; == Rashin ruwa == [[Fayil:Bull_run_locked_gate.jpg|alt=A gate and fence block a forest road. Lettering on a warning sign on the gate says in part, "No Trespassing: Bull Run Watershed"|right|thumb|Ƙofar da aka kulle da shinge a kan Hanyar Ruwa ta Kudu maso Gabas (Hanyar daji 10) ta ƙuntata shigarwa zuwa ƙarshen yammacin Yankin Gudanar da Bull Run.&nbsp;]] The Bull Run watershed drains {{Convert|139|sqmi|km2}}, most of which is in the Mount Hood National Forest in Multnomah and Clackamas counties in northwest Oregon. The confluence of the Bull Run and Sandy rivers at Dodge Park, about {{Convert|20|mi|km}} east of downtown Portland,<ref name="source water"/> marks the watershed's western (downstream) end, while on the east it borders Hood River County, and at Hiyo Mountain it is about {{Convert|6|mi|km}} northwest of Mount Hood in the Cascade Range. It is a sub-watershed of the Lower Columbia–Sandy Watershed. Elevations within the watershed range from {{Convert|4750|ft|m}} at Buck Peak on the watershed's northeastern boundary to {{Convert|243|ft|m}} at the mouth of the Bull Run River.<ref name="source water" /> A matsayin babban tushen ruwan sha na Portland, <ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Bull Run Watershed |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=29784 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213044039/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/29784 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=November 26, 2011 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref> an ƙuntata ruwa ga amfani da ke da alaƙa da tattara ruwa, ajiya, da magani, da kuma kula da gandun daji. Yankin kariya na ruwan sha na birnin ya kunshi murabba'in mil 10 (260 na kwandon da ke sama da ruwa a RM 6.2 (RK 10). &nbsp;&nbsp;Yankin kariya yana daga cikin yanki mafi girma, BRWMU, wanda ke rufe murabba'in mil 143 (370 . [] Ya kasance mafi yawa a cikin yankunan Multnomah da Clackamas amma ya shimfiɗa a wurare a gefen gabashin zuwa Hood River County.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} {{As of|2010}}, Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka tana kula da kashi shasa'in da biyar 95 cikin 100 na BRWMU a ƙasar mallakar gwamnatin tarayya; Ofishin Ruwa na Portland yana kula da kashi 4 cikin 100 wanda Birnin Portland ke mallakar, kuma Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa yana kula da sauran kashi 1, wanda ke kan ƙasar tarayya.<ref name="variance request">{{Cite web |title=Treatment Variance Request, Section 2: Portland's Bull Run Watershed |url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/350651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811190832/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/350651 |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau |page=10 |format=PDF}}</ref> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ƙananan ɓangarorin ruwa waɗanda ke tare da ƙananan tushe ko tare da masu ba da gudummawa suna cikin ɓangaren waje da BRWMU kuma suna ƙarƙashin wasu iko.<ref name="variance request" /> Rashin ruwa da ke kan iyaka da kogin Bull Run shine na Kogin West Fork Hood zuwa gabas da arewa maso gabas, Kogin Sandy zuwa kudu da yamma, da Kogin Columbia zuwa arewa. Ƙananan kogin Columbia, kowannensu yana da ruwa mai zurfi da ke kan iyakar ruwan Bull Run, yana gudana daga arewa daga tudu tsakanin kogin Bull Run da Columbia. Wadannan sun hada da [[Multnomah Falls|Multnomah]]_County,_Oregon)" id="mwAdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Eagle Creek (Multnomah County, Oregon)">Eagle, Tanner, Moffett, McCord, Horsetail, Oneonta, Multnomah, da Bridle Veil creeks, wanda ke nutsewa a kan daya ko fiye da ruwa yayin da suka shiga Columbia Gorge . === Yanayi === [[Fayil:Blazed_alder_snotel.jpg|alt=A latticed metal tower has been placed inside a metal fence in a snow-covered forest clearing.|right|thumb|Tashar SNOTEL ta Blazed Alder a cikin hunturu]] Yanayin da ke gefen Kogin Bull Run ya dace da yammacin Oregon Cascades. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga inci 80 (2,000 kusa da abin sha don samar da ruwa na Portland zuwa kusan inci 170 (4,300 kusa na ruwa.<ref name="source water"/> Lokacin rani ya bushe, kuma hunturu, musamman Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, yana da rigar. A ƙananan tsaunuka, yawancin hazo yana zuwa a cikin ruwan sama, amma a mafi girman tsaunuka kashi 25 zuwa 30 cikin dari na danshi yana zuwa a matsayin dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="decom" /> &nbsp;Ruwan hazo na iya ƙarawa sosai ga jimlar ruwan sama a kusa da Tafkin Bull Run . {{Sfn|Snyder|Brownell|1996}} Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 1982 ya ba da shawarar cewa ma'aunin ruwan sama da aka sanya a wuraren budewa na iya rage gudummawar hazo zuwa yankunan da ke da gandun daji sosai har zuwa kashi 30 cikin dari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ham |first=R. Dennis |date=October 1982 |title=Fog Drip in the Bull Run Municipal Watershed, Oregon |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-water-resources-association_1982-10_18_5/page/785 |journal=Journal of the American Water Resources Association |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=785–789 |bibcode=1982JAWRA..18..785H |doi=10.1111/j.1752-1688.1982.tb00073.x}}</ref> &nbsp;dusar ƙanƙara da aka tara ba ta da yawa a tsaunuka har zuwa {{Convert|2000|ft|m}} sama da [[Sea level|matakin teku]] amma wani lokacin yakan kai {{Convert|6|to|10|ft|m}} sama le 4,000 feet (1,200 . <ref name="decom">United States Forest Service, "Environmental Assessment", p. III-6</ref> Rage dusar ƙanƙara yana ƙarawa ga rafi a watan Afrilu da Mayu, kuma busassun ƙasa yana hana rafi a cikin Agusta.{{Sfn|VanRheenen|Palmer|Hahn|2011}} Gabaɗaya, yanayin zafi yana da sauƙi. Rashin raguwa a watan Janairu ya kasance daga ƙasa da daskarewa zuwa kusan {{Convert|25|F|C}} ° F (-4 ° C), yayin da Yuli ya fi girma yawanci kusan {{Convert|80|F|C}} ° F (27 ° C). <ref name="decom" /> Ofishin Kula da albarkatun kasa (NRCS) na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka tana aiki da tashoshin telemetry na dusar ƙanƙara (SNOTEL) a wurare uku a cikin ruwa na Bull Run don taimakawa wajen hango yadda za a sami ruwa daga narkewar dusar ƙara. Gudun dusar ƙanƙara da yawa sun bambanta da lokaci da wuri. A tashar Blazed Alder Creek, mafi girma daga cikin uku a 3,650 feet (1,110 sama da matakin teku, matsakaicin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara (SWE) (yawan ruwa a cikin dusar ƙara da aka tara) ya kasance a cikin 2009 daga 0 a cikin Yuli-Oktoba zuwa kusan inci 50 (1,300 a cikin Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blazed Alder Snotel Data |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046294 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907224827/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046294 |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Natural Resources Conservation Service}}</ref> Wata tashar a kan Arewacin Fork a tsawo na {{Convert|3060|ft|m}} ta ba da rahoton mafi ƙarancin matsakaicin SWE na 0 a watan Yuli-Oktoba 2009 kuma matsakaicin kusan {{Convert|37|in|mm}} a watan Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Fork Snotel Data |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046314 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907222318/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046314 |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Natural Resources Conservation Service}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar a tashar Kudancin Fork, tsawo {{Convert|2690|ft|m}} , matsakaicin SWE ya bambanta daga 0 a watan Yuni-Satumba zuwa kimanin inci 10 (250 a watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Fork Bull Run Snotel Data |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046315 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907182740/http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/or/snow/?cid=nrcs142p2_046315 |archive-date=September 7, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Natural Resources Conservation Service}}</ref> === Infrastructure === [[Fayil:Bull_Run_Reservoir_1.jpg|alt=A large concrete dam impounds a lake surrounded by tree-covered hills.|left|thumb|Bull Run Reservoir 1 yana bayan madatsar ruwa mai nauyi da aka gina a 1929.&nbsp;]] Although most of the watershed is generally closed to the public, the protected area includes forest roads, buildings, three dams and reservoirs, two hydroelectric power stations, and other infrastructure used by government employees who manage the forest and the water supply system. The system includes a concrete dam and spillway, added to the natural outlet of Bull Run Lake. The dam, completed in about 1960, was preceded in 1915 by a timber-and-rockfill structure and later by other measures to increase the lake's storage capacity and to prevent seepage. These measures raised the lake's usable storage from about {{Convert|2.8|e9USgal|m3}} to about {{Convert|4.3|e9USgal|m3}}, an increase of about 55&nbsp;percent.{{Sfn|Snyder|Brownell|1996}} Dam&nbsp;1, which impounds Reservoir&nbsp;1, is a concrete arch-gravity dam about {{Convert|200|ft|m}} high,{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} and Dam&nbsp;2, a rockfill structure about {{Convert|110|ft|m}} high, impounds Reservoir&nbsp;2.{{Sfn|Short|1983}} Although the two reservoirs combined can hold up to about {{Convert|17|e9USgal|m3}}, their total usable storage is only about {{Convert|10|e9USgal|m3}}.<ref name="storage and treatment">{{Cite web |title=Treatment Variance Request, Section 2: Portland's Bull Run Watershed |url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/350651 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811190832/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/350651 |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=August 11, 2015 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau |page=6 |format=PDF}}</ref> Rashin ruwa mai laushi (headworks) a Bull Run yana ƙasa da Dam 2.<ref name="source water"/> Wannan shi ne inda ake karkatar da ruwa daga kogi don chlorination sannan a tura shi cikin hanyoyin rarraba guda uku don isar da shi zuwa Portland.<ref name="storage and treatment"/> Kimanin kashi 23 cikin dari na ruwan da ke gudana a shekara-shekara ana karkatar da shi zuwa samar da ruwa na birnin.<ref name="rain snow"/>&nbsp; Manyan hanyoyi a cikin BRWMU sun haɗa da Forest Road 10, wanda ke gudana don yawancin tsawonsa tare da gefen arewacin kogi. &nbsp;Ya haɗa al'ummar Bull Run kusa da bakin kogi da Forest Road 18 (Lolo Pass Road) a gabashin Bull Run Lake. &nbsp;Rashin da ke kan hanyar Forest 10 a cikin ruwa na Reservoir 2, hanyoyin Forest 12 da 14 sun samar da madauki a kudancin kogi. &nbsp;&nbsp;Hanyoyin sun kai gabas kamar Goodfellow Lakes, kusa da asalin Little Sandy River. A ƙasa da BRWMU, Bull Run Road, bude ga jama'a, ya haye kogi tsakanin al'ummar Bull Run da Dodge Park. Bull Run River Bridge, {{Convert|240|ft|m}} Pennsylvania-petit truss span wanda ke ɗauke da Bull Run Road, asalinsa shine yammacin truss na Burnside Bridge a kan Willamette River a cikin garin Portland. Ya haɗa da ɓangarorin da aka yi da ƙarfe da ƙarfe, kuma ƙofofinsa sun haɗa da abubuwan ƙirar jirgin ruwa da ake nufi da Portland, tashar jiragen ruwa ta ciki. An gina shi a shekara ta 1894, an tura gadar zuwa Bull Run a 1926, lokacin da sabon gadar Burnside ya maye gurbin tsohuwar. Ginin Kogin Sandy a kan Kogin Sandy da ke Dodge Park, kawai a kan kogi daga bakin Kogin Bull Run, shine {{Convert|300|ft|m}} gabas na Burnside Bridge.{{Sfn|Smith|Norman|Dykman|1989}}{{Sfn|Wortman|Wortman|2006}} === Tsire-tsire da dabbobi === [[Fayil:Northern_Spotted_Owl.USFWS.jpg|alt=An owl on a tree branch gazes with wide eyes toward an unseen camera.|right|thumb|Kwando mai tabo na arewa]] Kyakkyawan gandun daji sun rufe kusan kashi shasa'in da biyar 95 cikin dari na ruwa.<ref name="thick forests">{{Cite web |last=Portland Water Bureau |title=Forests and Vegetation |url=http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/399649 |access-date=August 13, 2015 |publisher=City of Portland}}</ref> &nbsp;Douglas-fir shine nau'in bishiyoyi mafi rinjaye a cikin kwandon da ke ƙasa da ƙafa 3,400 (1,000 sama da matakin teku, inda yammacin redcedar ke bunƙasa a yankuna masu laushi kuma yammacin hemlock yana girma. Douglas-fir da noble fir sune nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa a tsaunuka masu tsawo, kuma Pacific silver fir shine nau'ikan mafi girma. Bishiyoyi masu girma, waɗanda ke rufe kusan kashi 54 cikin dari na ruwa, galibi sun wuce shekaru 500 kuma suna da diamita sama da {{Convert|21|in|cm}} . &nbsp;&nbsp;Itace tsakanin {{Convert|9|and|21|in|cm}} a diamita sun rufe kusan kashi 34 cikin dari na kwandon, yayin da ƙananan itatuwa suka mamaye sauran kashi 12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mansperger, Harold |year=2006 |title=The Bull Run River Watershed: Our Treasured Water Supply |url=http://www.pcc.edu/library/wp-content/uploads/bull-run-watershed.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813164158/http://www.pcc.edu/library/wp-content/uploads/bull-run-watershed.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2015 |access-date=August 13, 2015 |publisher=Portland Community College |page=5}}</ref> &nbsp;&nbsp;Gidan gandun daji yana tallafawa ƙananan tsire-tsire kamar salal da fern.<ref name="thick forests" /> Kimanin kashi 5 cikin dari na ruwa ya kunshi ruwa marasa tsire-tsire ko dutse mara tsire-shire da kuma karamin yanki na ciyawa.<ref name="thick forests" />&nbsp; Fiye da nau'ikan namun daji 250, gami da falcon peregrine, bald eagle da northern spotted owl ana zaton suna yawan zuwa cikin ruwa.<ref name="PWB wildlife" /> Tsuntsaye masu ƙaura kamar loons suna amfani da kwandon don ciyarwa da gida yayin da suke tafiya tare da Pacific Flyway. Nau'in kifaye na asali sun haɗa da Chinook da coho salmon, steelhead, bakin teku cutthroat trout, Pacific lamprey, da rainbow trout, <ref name="PWB wildlife" /> amma tun daga 1922 madatsar ruwan ko magajinsa, Dam 2, sun toshe hanyar kifi mai suna anadromous zuwa kogin sama da masu goyon bayanta.{{Sfn|Taylor|1998}} Yawancin nau'o'in amphibian da dabbobi masu rarrafe suna bunƙasa kusa da rafi da tafkuna. Roosevelt elk, Baƙar fata ta Amurka, Coyote, Cougar, baƙar rawaya, kogin kogin kogon Arewacin Amurka, Mink na Amurka, da Beaver na Arewacin Amurka suna daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka samu a cikin ruwa.<ref name="PWB wildlife">{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Fish and Wildlife |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=29923&a=119584 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609081224/http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=29923&a=119584 |archive-date=June 9, 2011 |access-date=September 26, 2009 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref> == Wasanni == [[Fayil:Dodge_Park_(Oregon).jpg|alt=About 10 people are gathered along a rocky shore or swimming in a river in a forest.|thumb|Ramin yin iyo a Dodge Park a kan Kogin Sandy, dan kadan sama da haɗuwa da Kogin Bull Run]] Kusa da haɗuwar kogin Bull Run da Sandy, {{Convert|14|acre|ha}} Dodge Park yana ba da wuraren shakatawa masu inuwa, rami na yin iyo, rairayin bakin teku, da tashar jirgin ruwa don ƙaddamar da rafts, kayak, da Jiragen ruwa a kan Kogin Sandy. Ofishin Ruwa na Portland ya mallaki kuma yana kula da wurin shakatawa, wanda aka kafa a farkon karni na 20. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Dodge Park |url=http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?c=47496 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213042935/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/47496 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=August 28, 2009 |publisher=City of Portland}}</ref> Da farko ana kiranta Bull Run Park, an sake masa suna don Frank Dodge, mai kula da ofishin ruwa daga 1897 zuwa 1914.{{Refn|Dodge Island, a small island in Bull Run Lake, was also named for him.<ref>{{cite web|title = Frank Dodge: Naming Dodge Park |url = http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?a=108628&c=41924 |publisher = Portland Water Bureau| date = March 6, 2006 | access-date = July 18, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708215938/http://www.portlandonline.com/water/index.cfm?a=108628&c=41924|archive-date=July 8, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} Har sai da manyan motoci suka maye gurbinsa, motar lantarki zuwa Bull Run ta ɗauki fasinjoji zuwa da kuma daga wurin shakatawa har zuwa shekara ta alif 1930. Ofishin ruwa ya kiyasta cewa akalla mutane 30,000 sun ziyarci wurin shakatawa a 1926.<ref name="Dodge Park"/> &nbsp;{{As of|2015}}, ofishin yana da shirye-shiryen dawowa da inganta wurin shakatawa yayin da lokaci da kuɗi suka ba da izini.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Dodge Park Master Plan |url=http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/196643 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213063738/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/196643 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2015 |publisher=City of Portland}}</ref> Kodayake yawancin ruwan Kogin Bull Run an rufe shi ga jama'a, masu sha'awar ruwan farin wani lokacin suna gudana a ƙasa mai nisan kilomita 4.5 (kilomita 4.0) daga gadar Bull Run Road zuwa Kogin Sandy. Wurin da aka sanya don gudu yana ƙasa da gidan wutar lantarki, kuma fitarwa yana a Dodge Park. Gudun yana nuna hanyar slalom ta dindindin kusa da shigarwa, shida aji 3 rapids a cikin mil 2 na farko (kilomita 3), da ɗan gajeren lokaci na aji 2 ruwa a ƙarshen gudu.{{Sfn|Giordano|2004}} [[Fayil:Bull_run_tour_bus.jpg|alt=A small bus painted with a mural is parked in front of a house near a lake. Lettering on the bus door says, "Portland Water Bureau: From Forest to Faucet".|left|thumb| Basar yawon shakatawa ta Bull Run]] Kifi yana iyakance ga ƙananan kogin. Hatchery Chinook salmon da rani da hunturu steelhead wani lokacin ana kama su kusa da haɗuwa da Kogin Sandy, kuma ana ba da izinin kamawa da saki kifi don trout na daji daga bakin kogin zuwa gefen tafkin ruwa na Bull Run.{{Sfn|Sheehan|2005}} Samun damar zuwa sashin Gudanar da Ruwa na Bull Run gabaɗaya yana iyakance ga ma'aikatan gwamnati da baƙi a kan kasuwancin hukuma, kuma masu tsaro suna sa ido a ƙofofin ƙofofi uku. Koyaya, ofishin ruwa yana ba da yawon shakatawa na jama'a a lokacin rani da faduwa, kuma masu tafiya na iya amfani da Pacific Crest Trail, wanda ke gudana tare da gefen gabas na ruwa kusa da Dutsen Hood.<ref name="tours">{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Bull Run Watershed Tours and Field Trips |url=http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/384640 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213192159/http://www.portlandoregon.gov/water/article/384640 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2015 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Portland Utility Review Board |display-authors=etal |date=June 16, 2006 |title=Bull Run Management Unit Fire Plan |url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/cbo/article/467589 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812171213/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/cbo/article/467589 |archive-date=August 12, 2015 |access-date=October 16, 2009 |publisher=Portland Water Bureau}}</ref> Ofishin yana da matsakaicin kusan yawon shakatawa na rukuni tamanin da biyar 85 a shekara.<ref name="Examiner" />{{Clear}} == Dubi kuma == * Garin daji na Bull Run * Jerin koguna na Oregon * Hanyar tunawa da Mark O. Hatfield == manazarta== .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman} '''Bayanan da aka ambata'''{{Reflist|30em}} === Ayyukan da aka ambata ===   == Haɗin waje == * Bull Run Documentary da Oregon Public Broadcasting ta samar''Rediyon Jama'a na Oregon'' * [http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/mthood/ Ofishin gandun daji, Dutsen Hood National Forest] * [http://www.sandyriver.org/ Majalisar Ruwa ta Kogin Sandy] {{Portland, Oregon, watersheds}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9jfqx93csc09nw8s5rxn8tqldq4pkh7 0 81085 966926 462741 2026-10-12T18:21:40Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Mafi kyawun sha'awa ko '''mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro''' shine ka'ida haƙƙin yara, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan [[Haƙƙoƙin yara|'Yancin yara]], wanda ya ce "a duk ayyukan da suka shafi yara, ko da aka gudanar da su ta hanyar jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kotuna, hukumomin gudanarwa ko hukumomin majalisa, mafi kyawun sha-zakar yaro zai zama babban la'akari". Binciken mafi kyawun bukatun yaro yana nufin kimantawa da daidaitawa "duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanke shawara a cikin takamaiman yanayi ga takamaiman yaro ko ƙungiyar yara". == Ma'anar == A cewar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara, kimanta mafi kyawun bukatun yaro yana nufin kimantawa da daidaitawa "duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanke shawara a cikin takamaiman yanayi ga takamaiman yaro ko ƙungiyar yara".<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47.</ref> Saboda bambancin abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su, yawanci fiye da sana'a ɗaya ko ma'aikata suna da hannu a cikin tsarin kimantawa, suna tattara ra'ayoyi da fannoni daban-daban na ƙwarewa daga ƙasar asali da makoma kuma, musamman, hangen nesa na yaro. Abubuwan da ke biyowa sun dace da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro: * Ra'ayoyin yaro da burinsa; * Sanarwar yaron, gami da shekaru da jinsi, tarihin mutum da asali; * Kulawa, kariya da aminci ga yaro; * Rashin lafiyar yaron; * Yanayin iyali, dangantakar iyali da hulɗa; * Tattaunawar zamantakewar yaro tare da takwarorinsa da manya; * Yanayin rauni, watau haɗarin da yaron ke fuskanta da kuma tushen kariya, juriya da karfafawa; * Kwarewar yaro da iyawar canzawa; * Hakki da buƙatu game da kiwon lafiya da ilimi; * Ci gaban yaro da ita ko kuma sannu a hankali zuwa girma da rayuwa mai zaman kanta; * Duk wani takamaiman bukatun yaron.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), Chapter V.A.1 and par. 44.</ref> == Bincike == Za'a iya gudanar da kimantawa mafi kyawun sha'awa ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma na wucin gadi ko kuma a matsayin tsari. Bincike yana kallon al'amuran yau da kullun da yanke shawara tare da ƙarin tasiri ga yaro. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da yaro na iya canzawa sosai yayin da yara ke girma kuma yanayin su da iyawarsu suna canzawa, don haka abubuwan da suka fi so na iya buƙatar sake tantance su lokaci-lokaci.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47.</ref> == Ƙaddamarwa == Shawarwarin mafi kyawun sha'awa shine tsarin da aka gudanar tare da shigar hukumomin gwamnati da masu yanke shawara masu sana'a. Manufar ƙudurin mafi kyawun sha'awa shine cimma matsaya bisa ga dokar ƙasa wanda ke kare haƙƙin yaro da inganta ita ko jin daɗinsa, aminci da ci gaba. Masu yanke shawara suna auna da daidaita duk abubuwan da suka dace na shari'ar, suna la'akari da duk haƙƙin yaro da wajibai na hukumomin gwamnati da masu ba da sabis ga yaro. Manufar tsarin ƙaddamar da mafi kyawun sha'awa shine gano mafita mai ɗorewa. Ana aiwatar da ƙudurin sha'awa mafi kyau lokacin da ake sa ran batutuwan da ke cikin haɗari su sami muhimmiyar tasiri a rayuwar yaron ta yanzu da ta gaba.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47.</ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin kimantawa da ƙuduri a cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa == Binciken mafi kyawun sha'awa yana da niyyar tattara duk gaskiyar da ake buƙata don isa ga ƙarshe game da tasirin kowane mataki, ma'auni ko yanke shawara akan yaro da ita ko makomarsa. Babban hangen nesa shine na yarinyar ko yaro da ya shafi. Dangantakar dogara da sadarwa yadda ya kamata a cikin babban yaren yaro yana bawa yaro damar yin amfani da haƙƙinsa na ji. Cikakken kimantawa ya haɗa da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBSS Guidelines Promoting the Human Rights and the Best Interests of the Child in Transnational Child Protection Cases |url=http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310013229/http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-10 |access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> Tsarin kimantawa da ƙuduri na mafi kyawun sha'awa yana magance duk waɗannan: * Kafa asalin yaron da kuma asalin mai kula da yaro da ingancin dangantakarsu, da duk wani mutum da ke tare da shi a cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa. * Binciken shari'a, gami da abubuwan da suka biyo baya: ** Jin yaron; ** Binciken halin da yaron yake ciki, asali da bukatun; ** Yanayin zamantakewa da kimantawa na iyali; ** Tattara shaidu ciki har da jarrabawar shari'a da hira da yaron; ** Haɗari da ƙididdigar tsaro; ** Taswirar tushen tallafi, ƙwarewa, damar da albarkatu don karfafawa; * Ci gaba da aikin rayuwa. * Cikakken tasirin yara na duk wani yanke shawara mai yuwuwa. * Gano mafita mai dorewa a cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa. * Ci gaba da kimantawa yayin aiwatar da mafita mai ɗorewa tare da bin diddigin da ya dace, bita da saka idanu, da gyare-gyare ga shirye-shiryen mafita mai tsawo, idan kuma kamar yadda ake buƙata, bisa ga mafi kyawun bukatun yaro <ref>{{Cite web |title=CBSS Guidelines Promoting the Human Rights and the Best Interests of the Child in Transnational Child Protection Cases |url=http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310013229/http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-10 |access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> == Tsaro na tsari a cikin kudurin mafi kyawun == Tsaro na tsari da takardu a cikin kudurin mafi kyawun sha'awa sun haɗa da: * Hakkin yaro ya bayyana ta ko ra'ayoyinsa da kuma la'akari da su: A cikin shari'a ko tsarin gudanarwa, yara suna da damar sauraro da kuma la-akari da ra'ayoyinsu. ** Tsarin jin yaron yana buƙatar rubutawa, tare da bayyane bayanin yadda ra'ayoyin yaron ke daidaitawa da wasu ra'ayoyi da sauran hanyoyin bayanai. Sadarwa tare da yaro dole ne ya kasance mai tasiri kuma mai kula da yaro kuma yana iya buƙatar fassarar inganci da matsakanci na al'adu. A lokuta na yara marasa raka'a ko rabuwa, rawar mai kula ko wakilin yana da mahimmanci don sauƙaƙe sadarwa tsakanin yaro da hukumomi.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 90.</ref> ** Yaron yana da damar sauraro lokacin da hukumar yanke shawara kotun ce. Ya kamata a gudanar da sauraron ba tare da bata lokaci ba a hanyar da ta dace da yara kuma ta hana cin zarafin yara da aka azabtar da su da shaidu a cikin shari'ar shari'a.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, The Rights of All Children in the Context of International Migration, Background Paper, Day of General Discussion, 2012, pp. 22–23.</ref> ** Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shekarun yaro, jinsi da asalinsa, matakin ci gaban yaro da iyawar juyin halitta. ** Ya kamata a ba da bayani game da yara a cikin yaren da yaron ya fahimta, yana ba da damar yaron ya samar da ra'ayi kuma ya bayyana ta ko ra'ayinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBSS Guidelines Promoting the Human Rights and the Best Interests of the Child in Transnational Child Protection Cases |url=http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310013229/http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-10 |access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> ** A lokuta na kasa da kasa, yara da ba sa magana da harshen ƙasar da aka nufa suna da 'yancin fassara da fassara. Ya kamata a samar da fassarar kyauta kuma tare da tsaka-tsaki lokacin da masu fassara ke da hannu kai tsaye.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, The Rights of All Children in the Context of International Migration, Background Paper, Day of General Discussion, 2012</ref> * '''Kulawa da wakilci''': yara suna da 'yancin wakilin mai zaman kansa ko mai kula wanda ya cancanta kuma yana da kayan aiki don wakiltar da inganta mafi kyawun bukatun yaro.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, The Rights of All Children in the Context of International Migration, Background Paper, Day of General Discussion, 2012, pp. 22–23.</ref> * '''Wakilin shari'a:''' Lokacin da kotun ko wata kungiya mai ƙwarewa ta yanke shawarar mafi kyawun bukatun yaro, yaron yana da damar wakilcin shari'a, bayanan shari'a da kariya, gami da yara da ke neman mafaka ko kariya ta musamman a matsayin wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 96.</ref><ref>European Council of Refugees and Exiles, Right to Justice: Quality Legal Assistance for Unaccompanied Children, Annex 1: Guiding principles for quality legal assistance for unaccompanied children, 2014.</ref> * '''Tunanin shari'a:''' Ana buƙatar rubuce-rubuce na yanke shawara, a motsa su dalla-dalla, a tabbatar da su kuma a bayyana su, gami da yadda ake la'akari da shawarar don alaƙa da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro da kuma yadda aka daidaita mahimman la'akari don isa ga yanke shawara.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 97</ref> * Hanyoyi don sake dubawa ko sake dubawa yanke shawara: Dole ne a sami hanyoyin da za a sake buɗewa ko sake duban yanke shawara game da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro. Yara suna buƙatar samun tallafi wajen samun dama da amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin. Dole ne a tabbatar da shi a sarari lokacin da za a iya sake buɗe shari'a ko yanke shawara ko sake dubawa, kamar misali lokacin da akwai sabbin shaidu ko lokacin da hukumomi ba su iya aiwatar da yanke shawara ta farko ba.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 98.</ref><ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Determining the Best Interests of the Child, 2008, p. 79.</ref> * '''Hakkin daukaka kara:''' Ƙaddamar da mafi kyawun sha'awa yana ƙarƙashin magungunan shari'a. Yara suna buƙatar samun dama da tallafi, kamar taimakon shari'a da wakilci, don daukaka kara ga yanke shawara. A lokacin da ake kira ana dakatar da aiwatarwa.<ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 98.</ref> Don yanke shawara game da canja wurin ko dawo da yaro zuwa wani gundumar, dole ne a sami isasshen lokaci tsakanin yanke shawara da aiwatar da yanke shawara, don ba da damar yaron ya gabatar da roko ko neman sake dubawa game da yanke shawara.<ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, Safe and Sound, What States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe, 2014.</ref><ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration, 2013.</ref><ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Formal Determination of the Best Interests of the Child, 2006.</ref> == Daidaita haƙƙoƙi da sha'awa a cikin ƙudurin sha'awa == Abubuwa daban-daban da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin kimantawa da ƙuduri na mafi kyawun bukatun yaro na iya bayyana suna gasa ko kuma sun sabawa juna. Ana warware rikice-rikice masu yuwuwa bisa ga shari'a-da-harin. Hakkin yaro na samun ita ko mafi kyawun abubuwan da yake so a matsayin la'akari na farko yana nufin cewa abubuwan da ke cikin yaro suna da fifiko kuma ba kawai ɗaya daga cikin la'akari da yawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBSS Guidelines Promoting the Human Rights and the Best Interests of the Child in Transnational Child Protection Cases |url=http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310013229/http://www.childcentre.info/public/PROTECT/Guidelines_-_promoting_the_Human_Rights_and_the_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_in_Transnational_Child_Protection_Cases.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-10 |access-date=2016-03-10}}</ref> Ana haɗa nauyi mafi girma ga abin da ke ba da sabis ga yaro mafi kyau: * Halin yiwuwar cutar ya fi wasu dalilai; * Hakkin yaro na samun girma daga iyayensa shine ka'ida mai mahimmanci; * Za'a iya saduwa da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro tare da ita ko iyalinsa, sai dai inda akwai damuwa game da tsaro. * Rayuwa da ci gaban yaro galibi ana tabbatar da su mafi kyau ta hanyar kasancewa a cikin ko kiyaye kusanci da iyali da hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa da al'adu na yaro. * Batutuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya, ilimi da rauni sune mahimman dalilai; da * Ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali na halin da yaron yake ciki suna da mahimmanci.<ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, Safe and Sound, What States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe, 2014.</ref><ref>Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration, 2013.</ref><ref>United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Formal Determination of the Best Interests of the Child, 2006.</ref> == Rashin amincewa == Ma'anar ''Mafi Kyawun Sha'awa na Yaro'' ba ta da sauƙi a ko dai aikin shari'a ko lokacin da ake tsara dokoki da tarurruka. Aiwatar da shi ya sami zargi mai yawa daga wasu masu ilimin halayyar yara, masu ilimin cututtuka da kuma yunkurin sake fasalin dokar iyali, musamman game da yadda sau da yawa ke ware yara daga ɗayan iyayensu bayan kisan aure ko rabuwa, duk da cewa yaro yana amfana daga kusanci da iyaye biyu. An yi jayayya cewa ya kamata a maye gurbin ma'auni na yanzu da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro daga hangen nesa na tsarin yaro wanda ke ɗaukar binciken cututtukan yara da na tunani game da lafiyar yara ta jiki, tunani da zamantakewa bayan kisan aure ko rabuwa. == Tarayyar Turai == An gabatar da ambaton mafi kyawun bukatun yaro a cikin dokokin EU da manufofi masu dacewa, gami da yanayin ƙaura, mafaka, fataucin mutane da yiwuwar dawowa. Kalmomin da aka haɗa da ka'idar mafi kyawun sha'awa suna tsakanin mahimman "ya kamata" da "za su" zuwa ga waɗanda ba su da umarni. <ref>European Commission, Action Plan on Unaccompanied Minors (2010–2014), COM (2010) 213 final, Brussels, 6 May 2010, p. 3.</ref> <ref>2011 EU Anti-trafficking Directive, par. (8).</ref> <ref>EU Dublin III Council Regulation, par. (13), Article 6. 2011 Qualifications Directive, par. 18.</ref><ref>2008 Return Directive, par. 22, Article 5.</ref><ref>Brussels II Regulation 2003, pp.1–29.</ref> == Finland == Dokar Kula da Lafiyar Yara ta [[Finland]] ta ba da cewa mafi kyawun bukatun yaro yana buƙatar zama babban la'akari a cikin ƙudurin matakan jin dadin don amsa bukatun yaro. Dokar ta bayyana mahimman abubuwan da ake buƙatar la'akari da su don ƙudurin sha'awa mafi kyau: # Ci gaba mai daidaituwa da jin daɗi, dangantaka ta kusa da ci gaba; # Hanyar da za a ba da fahimta da ƙauna, da kuma kulawa da kulawa daidai da shekarun yaro da matakin ci gaba; # Ilimi da ya dace da iyawar yaro da sha'awa. # Yanayi mai aminci inda za a girma, da kuma 'yanci na jiki da na motsin rai; # Jin alhakin zama mai zaman kansa da girma; # Hanyar shiga cikin al'amuran da suka shafi yaro da kuma rinjayar su; da # Bukatar yin la'akari da asalin yaren, al'adu da addini.<ref>Finland, Child Welfare Act (417/2007), Chapter 1, Section 4(2).</ref> Wannan tanadin yana ba da jagora mai bin doka ga masu sana'a kan yadda ya kamata a fahimci manufar mafi kyawun bukatun yaro. Yana wayar da kan jama'a game da rikitarwa na batutuwan da ake la'akari da su kuma yana nuni da muhimman hakkoki na yaro kamar haƙƙin ilimi da ci gaba, aminci da jin daɗi, girmama ra'ayoyin yaro da al'adun yaro da sauran al'adun. == Amurka == Tun da Amurka ba ta riga ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ba, wanda shine babban kayan aiki da ke bayyanawa da samar da haƙƙin mafi kyawun bukatun yaro ga yawancin duniya, dokoki daban-daban, abubuwan da suka gabata, da aikace-aikace suna aiki. === Tarihi === Amfani da koyarwar mafi kyawun sha'awa ya wakilci canjin karni na 20 a cikin Manufofin jama'a. Koyarwar mafi kyawun sha'awa wani bangare ne na parens patriae, kuma a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ya maye gurbin Koyarwar Shekaru, wanda ya dogara da cewa yara ba su da juriya, kuma kusan duk wani canji a yanayin rayuwar yaro zai zama da lahani ga lafiyarsu. Har zuwa farkon shekarun 1900, ana ba wa iyaye ikon kula da yara idan aka saki. [[Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka|Jihohin Amurka]] da yawa sun sauya daga wannan ma'auni zuwa wanda ya fi son mahaifiyar gaba ɗaya a matsayin mai kula da farko. A cikin shekarun 1970s, an maye gurbin Tender Years Doctrine da mafi kyawun bukatun yaro kamar yadda kotunan iyali suka ƙaddara. Saboda kotunan iyali da yawa sun ci gaba da ba da nauyi sosai ga rawar gargajiya ta uwa a matsayin mai kula da farko, aikace-aikacen wannan ma'auni a cikin kulawa a tarihi ya nuna fifiko ga mahaifiyar yara. Ana amfani da koyarwar "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro" a wasu lokuta a lokuta inda wadanda ba iyaye ba, kamar kakanni, suka nemi kotu ta ba da umarnin ziyarar wadanda ba iyaye bane tare da yaro. Wasu iyaye, yawanci wadanda ba a ba su kulawa ba, suna cewa yin amfani da koyarwar "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro" a cikin shari'o'in ziyarar da ba iyaye ba ya kasa kare haƙƙin iyaye masu dacewa don tayar da ɗansu yadda suke ganin ya dace. Troxel v Granville, 530 US 57; 120 S Ct 2054; 147 LEd2d 49 (2000) . === Dokokin jin dadin yara === Ana ganin koyarwar "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro" a cikin dokokin jin dadin yara da kuma la'akari da kotun lokacin da ake yanke shawara game da yara da aka yi wa zalunci da watsi da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Determining the Best Interests of the Child - Child Welfare Information Gateway |url=https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/best-interest/ |access-date=2017-10-28 |website=www.childwelfare.gov |language=en}}</ref> Dokar Taimako da Kula da Yara ta 1980 ta buƙaci cewa, "...kowane yaro yana da shirin shari'a da aka tsara don cimma matsaya a cikin mafi ƙuntatawa (mafi yawan iyali kamar) yanayin da ke akwai kuma kusa da gidan iyaye, daidai da mafi kyawun sha'awa da bukatun musamman na yaro. " Kodayake dokar ba ta bayyana "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro ba", mafi kyawun shahara an ambaci mafi kyawun sha-sha'awa a wasu sassan biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Text of H.R. 3434 (96th): Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (Passed Congress version) - GovTrack.us |url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/96/hr3434/text/enr |access-date=2017-10-28 |website=GovTrack.us |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, jihohi da yawa sun zaɓi su bayyana ko kuma su yi nuni da "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro", kuma suna buƙatar kotuna a cikin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen suyi la'akari da takamaiman dalilai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Determining the Best Interests of the Child - Child Welfare Information Gateway |url=https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/best-interest/ |access-date=2017-10-28 |website=www.childwelfare.gov |language=en}}</ref> === Dokar Iyali === Ana amfani da kalmar a matsayin rukunan da kotuna ke amfani da su don tantance batutuwa da yawa da suka shafi lafiyar yara. A cikin aikace-aikacen dokar iyali, ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da aka fi sani da su ya shafi tambayoyin da suka taso a kan kisan aure ko rabuwa da iyayen yara. Misalan sun hada da: * Wanene yara za su zauna? * Yaya yawan hulɗa (wanda a baya ake kira "samun dama" ko, a wasu hukunce-hukunce, "Ziyarar") za a ba da izini ga iyaye, mai kula da doka, ko wasu bangarorin (ko ana buƙatar) su kasance? * Wanene kuma wanene za a biya tallafin yara kuma a wane adadin? A cikin [[saki]]'o'in da suka shafi kisan aure ko rushewar auren doka ko haɗin kai, ana ba da umarnin kotunan iyali don tantance mafi kyawun bukatun kowane yaro na waɗannan ƙungiyoyi. Koyaya, ba a amfani da wannan rukunan don warware batutuwan kulawa da suka shafi mazauna birane da 'yan tsiraru a birane kamar [[Philadelphia]], PA misali inda koyarwar shekaru masu tasowa ke aiki. Ana kuma amfani da ƙuduri a cikin shari'o'in da ke ƙayyade wajibai da haƙƙoƙi na doka, kamar lokacin da aka haifi yaro a waje da aure, lokacin da kakanni ke tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin game da jikokin su, kuma lokacin da iyaye na halitta ke tabbatar da hakkoki game da yaron da aka ba da shi don tallafi. Ita ce koyarwar da ake amfani da ita a lokuta game da yiwuwar 'yanci na yara. Kotuna za su yi amfani da wannan rukunan lokacin da aka kira su don tantance wanda ya kamata ya yanke shawara na likita ga yaro inda Iyaye ba su yarda da masu ba da kiwon lafiya ko wasu hukumomi ba. A cikin tantance mafi kyawun bukatun yaro ko yara a cikin mahallin rabuwa da iyaye, kotun na iya ba da umarni ga ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ba da shawara kan Kotun Iyali daga CAFCASS, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam da sauran masana kimiyya, don tantance yanayin rayuwar yaron da iyayensa masu kula da wadanda ba su kula da su ba. Irin waɗannan batutuwan kamar kwanciyar hankali na rayuwar yaro, alaƙa da al'umma, da kwanciyar hankali ga yanayin gida da kowane iyaye ya bayar kotun na iya la'akari da su wajen yanke shawarar zama na yaro a cikin kulawa da kuma ziyarar. A cikin Dokar Ingilishi, sashi na 1 (1) Dokar Yara ta 1989 ta sanya bukatun kowane yaro babbar damuwa ta kotun a duk shari'o'i kuma, bayan da ya nuna a cikin s1 (2) cewa jinkiri na iya nuna bambanci ga bukatun kowane yaro, yana buƙatar kotun ta yi la'akari da "jerin binciken jin daɗi", watau kotun dole ne ta yi laʼakari: # Sha'awar da za a iya tabbatar da ita da kuma jin dadin kowane yaro da ya shafi (an yi la'akari da shi bisa la'akari na shekarunsu da fahimtar su) # Bukatun jiki, motsin rai da / ko ilimi yanzu da kuma nan gaba # Tasirin da zai yiwu a kan duk wani canji a cikin yanayin yanzu da kuma nan gaba # Shekaru, jima'i, asali da duk wani halaye da kotun ta ɗauka ya dace # Duk wani lahani da aka sha ko kuma a cikin haɗarin wahala yanzu da nan gaba # Ta yaya kowane iyaye, da kuma wani mutum dangane da wanda kotun ta dauki batun ya dace, shine na biyan bukatun yaron # Yankin ikon da kotun ke da shi a karkashin Dokar Yara ta 1989 a cikin shari'ar da ake tambaya Jerin kula da jin dadin yana la'akari da bukatun, sha'awa da jin daɗin yaro da saurayi kuma wannan bincike yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa haƙƙin ɗan adam na yara koyaushe yana kan gaba a duk la'akari. Jerin binciken jin dadin yana ba da cikakken jerin batutuwan da ake buƙatar la'akari da su don tabbatar da cewa matasa da suka shiga shari'ar kotu suna da cikakkiyar kariya kuma ana inganta hakkinsu yayin da 'yan ƙasa. === Dokar Shige da Fice === Har zuwa ƙaramin mataki an yi amfani da babban "mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro" a cikin dokar shige da fice kamar yadda yake da alaƙa da yara masu ƙaura.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=Bridgette, A. |author-link=Bridgette Carr |date=February 2012 |title=Incorporating a" Best Interests of the Child" Approach Into Immigration Law and Procedure |url=http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&context=yhrdlj |journal=Yale Human Rights & Development L.j. |volume=12}}</ref> == Dubi kuma ==   == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * Kwamitin kan 'Yancin Yara, Janar Comment No. 14 kan' yancin yaro don samun mafi kyawun abubuwan da yake so a matsayin la'akari na farko, 2013. * Finley, Gordon, [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232579262_The_Best_Interest_of_the_Child_and_the_Eye_of_the_Beholder ''Mafi kyawun sha'awar yaro da idon mai kallo''], Psyccritiques, 47:629-631, 2002. * Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR), [http://www.refworld.org/docid/5423da264.html Tsaro da Sauti, Abin da Jihohi za su iya yi don tabbatar da girmamawa ga mafi kyawun bukatun yara marasa kulawa da rabuwa a Turai], 2014. * Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira, Jagororin kan Tabbatar da Mafi Kyawun Sha'awa na Yara, 2008. * Warshak, Richard, Iyaye ta Tsakanin Tsaro: Mafi Kyawun Yanayi na Yara, Shari'a ta Shari'a, da kuma "Shari'ar Kusanci" ta Cibiyar Shari'a Ta Amurka, Jami'ar Baltimore Law Review, 41:83-163, 2011. {{Transnational child protection}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o7kf5a2nttfaneeglm8fzahf2tbvcu3 0 81990 967028 920459 2026-10-13T00:18:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khairat Hossain''' (14 Nuwamba 1909 - 10 Maris 1972) dan siyasan Awami League ne kuma da makarantar [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] . == Early life == An haifi Hossain a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1909 a ƙauyen Barakuti na ƙungiyar Sonarai ta gundumar Nilphamari. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:২নং গোড়গ্রাম ইউনিয়ন |trans-title=Famous Person |url=https://gorgramup.nilphamari.gov.bd/en/site/page/JHL5-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Gorgram Union |language=bn |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829185845/https://gorgramup.nilphamari.gov.bd/en/site/page/JHL5-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin 1930, an zaɓi Hossain a matsayin mataimakin shugaban musulmi na farko na ƙungiyar ɗalibai na Kwalejin Carmichael. An zabe shi dan majalisar dokokin Bengal daga yankin Nilphamari a 1944. [[Fayil:1954_east_bengal_cabinet.jpg|thumb| Khairat Hossain a cikin farkon mutum na gaba na gefen hagu tare da majalisar ministocin gabashin Bengal, 1954.]] A shekara ta 1952, Hossain ya yi kira da a tattauna kan haramtawa Pakistan Observer a majalisar dokokin Bengal ta Gabas wanda babban ministan Bengal Nurul Amin ya yi adawa da shi, kuma kakakin majalisar ya ki amincewa. A cikin 1955, Hossain ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Abinci, Kifi da Kiwon Dabbobi a Majalisar Ministoci ta United Front na tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi. == Mutuwa == An gano Hossain da ciwon daji da ba za a iya warkewa ba a cikin 1971 kuma ya mutu a 1972. <ref name=":0"/> Kasuwar Khairat Hussain, Khairat Hussain Road da Khairat Nagar Railway Station a gundumar Nilphamari suna tunawa da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=নিউজ |first=সময় |title=Somoy Tv News |url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/221170 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Somoy News |language=bn}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hossain, Khairat}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1909]] [[Rukuni:Yan adam]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1972]] dcvrmt6qkh92y90hcc6658i3dyrymyr 0 83910 966940 933121 2026-10-12T20:06:29Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Cinematography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347934742|Ola Cardoso]]" 966940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ola Cardoso''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, darektan kirkira kuma darektan bidiyon kiɗa wanda aka fi sani da ayyukansa a fina-finai, The Blood Covenant, Banana Island Ghost da Breathe of Life, wanda ya lashe [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] 2024 don Mafi Kyawun Fim. <ref name="Culture">{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=2024-01-09 |title="Breath of Life" Review: A Faith-based Film With Refreshing Artistic Outlook |url=https://culturecustodian.com/breath-of-life-review-a-faith-based-film-with-refreshing-artistic-outlook/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Film Bank Production, kamfanin samar da fina-finai a Najeriya. A cikin 2023, ya fito a cikin Breath of Life, wanda ya sami gabatarwa 11 a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban don [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] 10th edition.<ref name="Culture" /> == Hotuna == == Cinematography ==  {{Reflist}} '''Ola Cardoso''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Najeriya, darektan kirkira kuma darektan bidiyon kiɗa wanda aka fi sani da ayyukansa a fina-finai, The Blood Covenant, Banana Island Ghost da Breathe of Life, wanda ya lashe [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] 2024 don Mafi Kyawun Fim. <ref name="Culture">{{Cite web |last=Adedayo |first=Adedamola |date=2024-01-09 |title="Breath of Life" Review: A Faith-based Film With Refreshing Artistic Outlook |url=https://culturecustodian.com/breath-of-life-review-a-faith-based-film-with-refreshing-artistic-outlook/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Film Bank Production, kamfanin samar da fina-finai a Najeriya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2017 |title=I'm not in competition with anyone —Cardoso |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/im-not-competition-anyone-cardoso/ |website=Tribune Online Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okeke-Korieocha |first=Ifeoma |date=2024-09-21 |title=What drives me everyday is the challenge of translating vision into something tangible, impactful - Cardoso |url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/what-drives-me-everyday-is-the-challenge-of-translating-vision-into-something-tangible-impactful-cardoso/?amp |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya fito a cikin fim ɗin Breath of Life, wanda ya samu nadin takara guda 11 a fannoni daban-daban a bikin AMVCA karo na 10. == Hotuna == * [[Breath of Life (fim na 2023)|''Numfashin Rai'']] (2023) * ''[[Slum King (fim)|Sarkin Slum]]'' (2023) * ''Alkawari na Jini'' (2022) * ''[[Journey of an African Colony|Tafiya ta Mulkin Mallaka na Afirka]]'' (2019) * ''[[Makate Must Sell|Dole ne a Sayar da Makate]]'' (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ola Cardoso {{!}} Cinematographer, Director, Camera and Electrical Department |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9702926/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>  * ''[[God Calling|Kiran Allah]]'' (2018) * ''[[Banana Island Ghost|Fatalwar Tsibirin Banana]]'' (2017) * ''[[Before 30|Kafin 30]]'' (2015) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun mai daukar hoto|{{Nom}} | |- |Mafi kyawun mai tsara haske|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2020-02-09 |title=Mr C bags two nominations at AMVCA 2020 |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/mr-c-bags-two-nominations-at-amvca-2020/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |2024 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun mai daukar hoto|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-11 |title=AMVCA 2024 winners list: Kehinde Bankole and Wale Ojo win Best Actress and Best Actor, Breathe of Life win best movie |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cxx85xlxpx4o |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu kallo na sihiri na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun mai daukar hoto|{{Nom}} | |- |Mafi kyawun mai tsara haske|{{Won}} | |- |2024 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun mai daukar hoto|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-11 |title=AMVCA 2024 winners list: Kehinde Bankole and Wale Ojo win Best Actress and Best Actor, Breathe of Life win best movie |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cxx85xlxpx4o |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] ir4e8p8k0621q8vdt13euii15fr35tq 0 86069 966916 618866 2026-10-12T18:17:50Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Haraji''' wani cajin kuɗi ne na tilas ko wani nau'in harajin da aka sanya wa mai biyan haraji (mutum ko na doka) ta ƙungiyar gwamnati don haɗa kai domin tallafawa kashe kuɗin gwamnati, kashe kuɗin jama'a, ko azaman hanyar daidaitawa da rage abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Yarda da haraji yana nufin ayyuka na manufofi da ɗabi'un ɗaiɗaikun da ke da nufin tabbatar da cewa masu biyan haraji suna biyan kuɗin da ya dace na haraji a daidai lokacin da kuma tabbatar da daidaitattun alawus-alawus na haraji da sassaucin haraji. Sanannen haraji na farko ya faru ne a cikin tsohuwar Masar a kusan 3000-2800 BC. Haraji ya ƙunshi haraji kai tsaye ko na kai tsaye kuma ana iya biyan su cikin kuɗi ko kuma daidai da aikin sa.[[Fayil:Taux_moyen_imposition_revenu_France.jpg|thumb|Karamin kudin harajin kasar French]] Duk ƙasashe suna da tsarin haraji a wurinsu, don biyan bukatun jama'a, ko yarjejeniya ta ƙasa da kuma ayyukan gwamnati. harajin ma'auni yana ci gaba bisa ga ma'aunin adadin kuɗin shiga na shekara. Yawancin ƙasashe suna cajin haraji akan kuɗin shiga na mutum da kuma kuɗin shiga na kamfanoni. Ƙasashe ko ƙananan raka'a sau da yawa kuma suna sanya harajin dukiya, harajin gado, harajin kyauta, harajin dukiya, harajin tallace-tallace, harajin amfani, harajin muhalli, harajin biyan albashi, haraji ko jadawalin kuɗin fito. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a sanya haraji akan haraji, kamar yadda tare da babban harajin rasit. A cikin sharuddan tattalin arziƙi (gudanar da kuɗin shiga na madauwari), haraji yana ba da dukiya daga gidaje ko kasuwanci zuwa ga gwamnati. Wannan yana da tasiri akan ci gaban tattalin arziki da walwalar tattalin arziki wanda za'a iya haɓaka duka biyu (wanda aka sani da yawan kuɗi na kasafin kuɗi) ko rage (wanda aka sani da nauyin haraji). Don haka batun haraji wani batu ne da wasu ke tafka muhawara a kai, domin kuwa duk da cewa harajin ya zama wajibi ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta gaba daya domin al’umma ta yi aiki da kuma bunkasa tattalin arziki cikin tsari da daidaito ta hanyar samar da kayayyakin gwamnati da na jama’a, wasu kamar masu sassaucin ra’ayi da sauran su. anarcho-capitalist suna adawa da haraji kuma suna yin tir da haraji gabaɗaya ko gabaɗaya, suna rarraba haraji a matsayin sata ko ƙwace ta hanyar tilastawa tare da yin amfani da ƙarfi. A cikin tattalin arziƙin kasuwa, ana ɗaukar haraji a matsayin zaɓi mafi dacewa don gudanar da gwamnati (maimakon mallakin gwamnati ta hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki), saboda haraji yana baiwa gwamnati damar samun kudaden shiga ba tare da tsoma baki cikin kasuwa da kasuwanci masu zaman kansu ba; haraji yana kiyaye inganci da haɓakar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta hanyar barin daidaikun mutane da 'yan kasuwa su yanke shawarar tattalin arzikinsu, shiga cikin sassauƙan samarwa, gasa da ƙima a sakamakon ƙarfin kasuwa. Wasu ƙasashe (yawanci ƙananan girma ko yawan jama'a, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan kayan more rayuwa da kashe kuɗi) suna aiki azaman wuraren haraji ta hanyar sanya ƙaramin haraji akan kuɗin shiga na daidaikun mutane da kuma samun kuɗin shiga na kamfanoni. Waɗannan wuraren ajiyar haraji suna jawo jari daga ƙasashen waje (musamman daga manyan ƙasashe) yayin da ke haifar da asarar kuɗaɗen haraji a cikin sauran ƙasashen da ba su da tushe (ta hanyar rushewar tushe da canjin riba). Dubawa Ma'anar haraji da doka da tattalin arziƙi sun bambanta, ta yadda yawancin canjin kuɗi zuwa gwamnatoci ba sa ɗaukar haraji ta hanyar masana tattalin arziki. Misali, wasu canja wurin zuwa sashin jama'a suna kwatankwacin farashi. Misalai sun haɗa da karantarwa a jami'o'in gwamnati da kuɗin kayan aikin da ƙananan hukumomi ke bayarwa. Gwamnatoci kuma suna samun albarkatu ta hanyar “ƙirƙirar” kuɗi da tsabar kudi (misali, ta hanyar buga takardun kudi da kuma fitar da tsabar kudi), ta hanyar kyauta ta son rai (misali, gudummawar jami’o’in jama’a da gidajen tarihi), ta hanyar sanya hukunci (kamar tarar hanya), ta ari da kwace dukiyar da aka aikata laifi. Daga ra'ayin masana tattalin arziki, haraji ba hukunci ba ne, duk da haka dole ne a canja wurin albarkatu daga masu zaman kansu zuwa sassan jama'a, wanda aka ɗauka bisa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fa'idodi kuma ba tare da la'akari da takamaiman fa'idodin da aka samu ba. A tsarin biyan haraji na zamani, gwamnatoci na fitar da haraji a cikin kudi; amma haraji a cikin nau'i da corvée halaye ne na al'ada ko jahohin jari-hujja da makamancinsu. Hanyar haraji da kudaden da gwamnati ke kashewa na harajin da aka samu galibi ana tafka muhawara sosai a siyasa da tattalin arziki. Ana tattara haraji daga hukumar gwamnati kamar Hukumar Harajin Cikin Gida (IRS) a Amurka, Mai Martaba Haraji da Kwastam (HMRC) a Burtaniya, Hukumar Harajin Kanada ko Ofishin Harajin Australiya. Lokacin da ba a cika biyan haraji ba, jihar na iya zartar da hukunce-hukuncen farar hula (kamar tara ko rangwame) ko hukunci na laifi (kamar ɗaurin kurkuku) kan wanda ba ya biya ko mutum ɗaya. Manufa da tasiri Tara haraji na nufin tara kudaden shiga don samar da kudade don gudanar da mulki, don canza farashi don shafar buƙatu, ko daidaita wani nau'i na farashi ko fa'ida. Jihohi da makamantan ayyukansu a cikin tarihi sun yi amfani da kuɗin da haraji ke bayarwa don aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun haɗa da kashe kuɗi akan ababen more rayuwa na tattalin arziki (hanyoyi, sufurin jama'a, tsaftar muhalli, tsarin shari'a, tsaro na jama'a, ilimin jama'a, tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a), soja, bincike na kimiyya & haɓakawa, al'adu da fasaha, ayyukan jama'a, rarrabawa, tattara bayanai da sauransu. yadawa, inshorar jama'a, da aikin gwamnati da kanta. Ƙarfin da gwamnati ke da shi na ƙara haraji ana kiranta ƙarfin kasafin kuɗi. Lokacin da kashe kuɗi ya wuce kuɗin haraji, gwamnati ta tara bashin gwamnati. Ana iya amfani da wani yanki na haraji don hidimar basusukan da suka gabata. Hakanan gwamnatoci suna amfani da haraji don tallafawa jin daɗi da ayyukan jama'a. Waɗannan ayyuka na iya haɗawa da tsarin ilimi, fansho ga tsofaffi, fa'idodin rashin aikin yi, biyan kuɗi na canja wuri, tallafi da jigilar jama'a. Makamashi, ruwa da tsarin kula da sharar suma kayan amfanin jama'a ne gama gari. A cewar masu ra’ayin ka’idar samar da kudi, ba a bukatar haraji don samun kudaden shiga na gwamnati, muddin gwamnatin da ake magana ta iya fitar da kudin fiat. A bisa wannan ra'ayi, manufar haraji ita ce tabbatar da daidaiton kudin, bayyana manufofin jama'a game da rabon arziki, ba da tallafi ga wasu masana'antu ko kungiyoyin jama'a ko keɓance farashin wasu fa'idodi, kamar manyan tituna ko tsaro na zamantakewa. ==Nau'ukan== Kungiyar Hadin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD) ta wallafa wani bincike kan tsarin haraji na kasashe mambobi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na irin wannan bincike, OECD ta haɓaka ma'ana da tsarin rarraba haraji na cikin gida, gabaɗaya a ƙasa. Bugu da kari, kasashe da yawa suna sanya haraji (kwari) kan shigo da kaya. ==Harajin Shiga== Yawancin hukunce-hukunce suna harajin kuɗin shiga na daidaikun mutane da na ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci, gami da kamfanoni. Gabaɗaya, hukumomi suna sanya haraji akan ribar da ake samu daga kasuwanci, akan ribar da ake samu, da sauran kuɗin shiga. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙididdige kuɗin shigar da ke ƙarƙashin haraji a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin lissafin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ikon, waɗanda ƙa'idodin dokar haraji a cikin ikon za su iya gyara ko maye gurbinsu. Yawan haraji ya bambanta ta tsarin, kuma ana iya kallon wasu tsarin azaman ci gaba ko koma baya. Adadin haraji na iya bambanta ko zama akai-akai (lalata) ta matakin samun kudin shiga. Tsarukan da yawa suna ba wa ɗaiɗai damar wasu alawus-alawus na sirri da sauran ragi marasa kasuwanci zuwa samun kuɗin shiga mai haraji, kodayake ragi na kasuwanci ana fifita su akan ragi na sirri. Hukumomin tattara haraji sukan tattara harajin kuɗin shiga na mutum bisa tsarin biyan kuɗin da kuka samu, tare da yin gyare-gyare bayan ƙarshen shekara ta haraji. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren suna ɗaukar ɗayan nau'i biyu: kudaden da ake biya ga gwamnati, daga masu biyan harajin da ba su biya isassun kudade ba a cikin shekarar haraji dawo da haraji daga gwamnati ga wadanda suka biya fiye da kima Tsarukan harajin shiga sau da yawa suna yin ragi wanda zai rage jimlar harajin haraji ta hanyar rage jimlar kuɗin shiga da ake biyan haraji. Suna iya ƙyale asara daga nau'in kuɗin shiga ɗaya don ƙidaya akan wani - alal misali, asarar da aka yi a kasuwannin hannayen jari za a iya cirewa akan harajin da aka biya akan albashi. Sauran tsarin haraji na iya ware asarar, kamar asarar kasuwanci za a iya cirewa ne kawai akan harajin samun kuɗin shiga kasuwanci ta hanyar ciyar da asarar zuwa shekarun haraji na gaba. ==Harajin shiga mara kyau== A fannin tattalin arziki, harajin samun kudin shiga mara kyau (wanda aka takaice NIT) tsarin haraji ne mai ci gaba inda mutanen da ke samun kasa da wani adadi ke karbar karin kudade daga gwamnati maimakon biyan haraji ga gwamnati. ==Babban riba== Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen da ke sanya harajin kuɗin shiga suna ɗaukar riba mai yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na samun kuɗin shiga wanda ke ƙarƙashin haraji. Babban riba gabaɗaya riba ce akan siyar da kadarorin babban birnin—wato waɗannan kadarorin da ba a sayar da su a cikin tsarin kasuwanci na yau da kullun. Kadarorin babban birnin sun haɗa da kadarorin mutum a yawancin hukunce-hukunce. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna ba da fifikon ƙimar haraji ko harajin wani yanki kawai don riba mai yawa. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna aiwatar da ƙima daban-daban ko matakan harajin riba bisa tsawon lokacin da aka gudanar da kadarar. Domin sau da yawa farashin haraji yana da ƙasa da yawa don samun riba fiye da yadda ake samun kuɗin shiga na yau da kullun, ana samun cece-kuce da jayayya game da ma'anar da ta dace na babban jari. ==Kamfanin== Harajin kamfani yana nufin harajin samun kuɗi, harajin babban birni, haraji mai ƙima, ko wasu harajin da aka sanya wa kamfanoni. Adadin haraji da tushen haraji na kamfanoni na iya bambanta da na daidaikun mutane ko na wasu masu biyan haraji. ==Gudunmawar tsaro na zamantakewa== Kasashe da yawa suna ba da tsarin ritaya na jama'a ko tsarin kiwon lafiya. Dangane da waɗannan tsare-tsare, ƙasar yawanci tana buƙatar ma'aikata ko ma'aikata don biyan kuɗi na dole. Ana ƙididdige waɗannan biyan kuɗi ta hanyar la'akari da albashi ko abin da ake samu daga sana'ar dogaro da kai. Yawan haraji gabaɗaya yana daidaitawa, amma ana iya sanya ƙima daban-daban akan ma'aikata fiye da na ma'aikata. Wasu tsarin suna ba da babban iyaka akan samun kuɗin da ake biyan haraji. Wasu tsare-tsare sun ba da cewa ana biyan harajin ne kawai akan albashi sama da wani adadi. Irin wannan babba ko ƙananan iyaka na iya amfani da shi don yin ritaya amma ba don abubuwan kiwon lafiya na haraji ba. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa irin wannan haraji akan albashi wani nau'i ne na "tilastawa tilas" kuma ba haraji na gaske ba ne, yayin da wasu ke nuna sake rarraba ta hanyar irin wannan tsarin tsakanin tsararraki (daga sababbin ƙungiyoyi zuwa tsofaffin ƙungiyoyi) da kuma matakan samun kudin shiga (daga matakan samun kudin shiga zuwa mafi girma). ƙananan matakan samun kudin shiga) wanda ke nuna cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da gaske haraji da shirye-shiryen kashe kuɗi. Biyan kuɗi ko ma'aikata Babban labarin: harajin biyan kuɗi Sau da yawa ana sanya rashin aikin yi da haraji makamantan haka a kan ma’aikata bisa jimillar albashin ma’aikata. Ana iya sanya waɗannan haraji a cikin ƙasa da matakan ƙasa. ==Dukiya== Ana biyan harajin dukiya akan jimillar ƙimar kadarorin mutum, gami da: adibas na banki, dukiya, kadarorin inshora da tsare-tsaren fensho, mallakin kasuwancin da ba a haɗa su ba, amintattun kuɗi, da amintattun mutane. Halaye (musamman jinginar gidaje da sauran lamuni) yawanci ana cire su, don haka wani lokaci ana kiransa harajin dukiya. Dukiya Ana iya sanya harajin kadarorin na yau da kullun akan kadarorin da ba a iya motsi (dukiya ta gaske) da kuma kan wasu nau'ikan kadarorin masu motsi. Bugu da kari, ana iya sanya haraji akai-akai akan dukiyar mutane ko kamfanoni. Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen suna sanya harajin gado akan kadarorin a lokacin rabon gado ko harajin kyauta a lokacin canja wurin kyauta. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen suna sanya haraji kan hada-hadar kudi ko babban birnin kasar. ==Haraji na dukiya== Harajin kadara (ko harajin millage) harajin ad valorem haraji ne akan ƙimar kadarorin da ake buƙatar mai mallakar kadarar ya biya wa gwamnati da dukiyar ke cikinta. Hukunce-hukunce da yawa na iya biyan harajin kadarorin. Akwai nau'ikan dukiya guda uku: ƙasa, haɓaka ƙasa (abubuwan da ɗan adam ke yi mara motsi, misali gine-gine), da kadarori (abubuwa masu motsi). Haɗin ƙasa ko dukiya shine haɗin ƙasa da inganta ƙasa. Yawancin harajin kadarorin ana cajin su akai-akai (misali, kowace shekara). Wani nau'in harajin kadarorin gama gari shine cajin shekara-shekara akan mallakar mallakar ƙasa, inda tushen haraji shine ƙimancin ƙimar kadarar. Tsawon shekaru sama da 150 daga shekara ta 1695, gwamnatin Ingila ta saka harajin tagar, sakamakon da har yanzu mutum zai iya ganin jerin gine-ginen da aka toshe tagogi domin ceton kudin mai shi. An yi irin wannan haraji akan gidajen wuta a Faransa da sauran wurare, tare da sakamako iri ɗaya. Nau'i biyu na harajin kadarorin da aka fi sani da su sune harajin tambari, da ake cajewa a kan canjin mallaka, da kuma harajin gado, wanda ƙasashe da yawa ke sanyawa ga kadarorin mamaci. Ya bambanta da haraji a kan dukiya (filaye da gine-gine), harajin darajar ƙasa (ko LVT) ana ba da shi ne kawai a kan ƙimar da ba a inganta ba ("ƙasa" a cikin wannan misali na iya nufin ko dai kalmar tattalin arziki, watau, duk). - albarkatun kasa, ko albarkatun kasa da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman wurare na saman duniya: "yawa" ko "ƙasassun ƙasa"). Masu goyon bayan harajin kimar filaye suna jayayya cewa ya dace ta fuskar tattalin arziki, domin ba zai hana samar da kayayyaki ba, ko gurbata tsarin kasuwa ko kuma haifar da asarar kima kamar yadda sauran haraji ke yi. Lokacin da wata babbar gwamnati ke rike da kadarori ko kuma wata hukuma wadda ba ta biya haraji daga ƙananan hukumomi ba, hukumar haraji za ta iya samun biyan kuɗi a madadin haraji don rama wasu ko duk na kudaden shiga na harajin da aka yi. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da yawa (ciki har da yawancin jihohin Amurka), akwai haraji na gaba ɗaya da ake karɓa lokaci-lokaci akan mazaunan da suka mallaki kadarori (na sirri) a cikin ikon. Kudaden rajistar motoci da na kwale-kwale ƙasƙantattu ne na irin wannan haraji. Ana tsara harajin sau da yawa tare da rufe bargo da manyan keɓancewa ga abubuwa kamar abinci da sutura. Ana keɓance kayan gida galibi lokacin adanawa ko amfani da su a cikin gidan. Duk wani abu da ba a keɓance shi ba zai iya rasa keɓantawa idan ana kiyaye shi akai-akai a wajen gidan. Don haka, masu karɓar haraji sukan sa ido a kan labaran jaridu don samun labarai game da masu hannu da shuni da suka ba da rancen fasaha ga gidajen tarihi don baje kolin jama’a, domin ayyukan zane-zane sun zama batun harajin kadarori. Idan dole ne a aika da zane-zane zuwa wata jiha don wasu abubuwan taɓawa, ƙila ya zama batun harajin kadarorin mutum a wannan jihar ma. ==Gado== Haraji na gado, wanda kuma ake kira harajin gidaje, haraji ne da ke tasowa don gado ko samun kudin shiga na gado. A cikin dokar haraji ta Amurka, akwai bambanci tsakanin harajin gidaje da harajin gado: tsohon harajin wakilan wanda ya mutu ne, yayin da na karshen ke biyan masu cin gajiyar kadarorin. Koyaya, wannan bambamcin baya aiki a wasu hukunce-hukuncen; misali, idan amfani da wannan kalmar harajin gado na Burtaniya zai zama harajin gidaje. ==Bakin Ƙasa== Harajin ƙaura haraji ne ga mutanen da suka yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasa ko mazauninsu. Yawancin lokaci ana sanya harajin bisa ga abin da aka ɗauka na duk kadarorin mutum. Misali ɗaya shine Amurka ƙarƙashin Dokar Ƙirƙirar Ayyuka ta Amurka, inda duk mutumin da ke da kuɗin da ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 2 ko matsakaicin kuɗin haraji na dala 127,000 wanda ya yi watsi da zama ɗan ƙasa kuma ya bar ƙasar nan take za a ɗauka ya aikata hakan. don dalilai na gujewa haraji kuma yana ƙarƙashin ƙimar haraji mafi girma. ==Canja wurin== Babban labarin: Canja wurin haraji A tarihi, a ƙasashe da yawa, kwangila yana buƙatar a saka tambari don tabbatar da shi. Cajin hatimin ko dai ƙayyadadden adadin ne ko kashi na ƙimar ciniki. A yawancin ƙasashe, an soke tambarin amma harajin tambarin ya rage. Ana biyan harajin tambari a cikin Burtaniya akan siyan hannun jari da tsare-tsare, batun kayan aikin ɗaukar kaya, da wasu ma'amalolin haɗin gwiwa. Abubuwan sa na zamani, harajin ajiyar tambari da harajin harajin ƙasa, ana cajin su akan ma'amaloli da suka shafi tsaro da filaye. Aikin hatimi yana da tasirin hana sayayya na kadarori ta hanyar rage yawan kuɗi. A cikin Amurka, gwamnati ko ƙaramar hukuma tana karɓar harajin canja wuri sau da yawa kuma (a cikin yanayin canja wurin dukiya) ana iya ɗaure shi da rikodin takardar ko wasu takaddun canja wuri. ==Arziki (darajar kuɗi)== Babban labarin: Harajin dukiya Wasu gwamnatocin ƙasashe za su buƙaci bayyana lissafin ma'auni na masu biyan haraji (kayayyaki da abin da ake bin doka), kuma daga wannan ainihin harajin ƙima (kayayyakin da ba za a iya biyan su ba), a matsayin kaso na ƙimar kuɗi, ko kashi na yawan kuɗin da ake samu. wuce wani matakin. Ana iya biyan harajin akan "na halitta" ko "mutane na shari'a." ==Kayayyaki da ayyuka== An ƙara darajar Babban labarin: Ƙimar ƙara haraji Harajin da aka ƙara ƙima (VAT), wanda kuma aka sani da Harajin Kayayyaki da Sabis (GST), Harajin Kasuwanci guda ɗaya, ko Harajin Juyawa a wasu ƙasashe, yana aiki daidai da harajin tallace-tallace ga kowane aiki da ke haifar da ƙima. Don ba da misali, ƙera na'ura yana shigo da ƙarfe ta hanyar masana'anta. Wannan masana'anta za ta biya VAT akan farashin sayan, tare da mika wannan adadin ga gwamnati. Sannan masana'anta za su canza karfen zuwa na'ura, inda za su sayar da na'urar akan farashi mai yawa ga mai rarraba jumloli. Mai sana'anta zai tattara VAT akan farashi mafi girma amma zai ba wa gwamnati abin da ya wuce kima da ya danganci "darajar-darajar" (farashin akan farashin fakitin takardar). Daga nan sai mai raba kaya zai ci gaba da aiwatar da aikin, yana cajin dillalan dillalan harajin VAT akan dukkan farashin ga dillalin, amma ya mayar da adadin da ya shafi alamar rarrabawa ga gwamnati. Adadin VAT na ƙarshe yana biya ta abokin ciniki na ƙarshe wanda ba zai iya dawo da duk wani VAT da aka biya a baya ba. Don harajin VAT da harajin tallace-tallace iri ɗaya, jimlar harajin da aka biya iri ɗaya ne, amma ana biyan shi a wurare daban-daban a cikin tsari. VAT yawanci ana gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar buƙatar kamfani ya kammala dawo da VAT, yana ba da cikakkun bayanai na VAT da aka caje shi (ana nufin harajin shigarwa) da kuma VAT da ya caje wa wasu (ana nufin harajin fitarwa). Bambanci tsakanin harajin fitarwa da harajin shigarwa ana biyan su ga Hukumar Harajin Gida. Hukumomin haraji da yawa sun bullo da VAT mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya kara yawan alhaki da tantancewa, ta hanyar amfani da na’urorin kwamfuta, wanda hakan ya ba da damar ofisoshin yaki da laifuffukan yanar gizo su ma. [abubuwan da ake bukata] '''Tallace-tallace''' Babban labarin: Harajin tallace-tallace Ana biyan harajin tallace-tallace lokacin da aka sayar da kayayyaki ga mabukacin sa na ƙarshe. Kungiyoyin dillalai sun yi iƙirarin cewa irin waɗannan haraji na hana tallace-tallacen tallace-tallace. Tambayar ko gabaɗaya suna ci gaba ko kuma koma baya batu ne da ake ta muhawara a yanzu. Mutanen da ke da mafi girman kuɗin shiga suna kashe kaso mafi ƙasƙanci daga cikinsu, don haka harajin tallace-tallace mai fa'ida zai zama koma baya. Don haka ya zama ruwan dare a keɓe abinci, kayan masarufi, da sauran abubuwan buƙatu daga harajin tallace-tallace, tunda talakawa suna kashe kaso mafi tsoka na abin da suke samu a waɗannan kayayyaki, don haka keɓancewar harajin yana ƙara samun ci gaba. Wannan shi ne al'adar harajin "Kuna biya don abin da kuke kashewa", kamar yadda kawai waɗanda ke kashe kuɗi akan abubuwan da ba a keɓance su ba (watau alatu) kawai ke biyan haraji. Kadan daga cikin jihohin Amurka sun dogara kacokan kan harajin tallace-tallace don kudaden shiga na jiha, saboda wadancan jihohin ba sa fitar da harajin kudin shiga na jiha. Irin wadannan jihohi suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin yawon shakatawa ko balaguron jahohi da ke faruwa a cikin iyakokinsu, wanda ke baiwa jihar damar cin gajiyar haraji daga mutanen da jihar ba za ta biya haraji ba. Ta haka ne jihar za ta iya rage nauyin harajin da ke kan 'yan kasarta. Jihohin Amurka da ba sa fitar da harajin shiga na jiha sune Alaska, Tennessee, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, [[Texas]], jihar Washington, da Wyoming. Bugu da ƙari, [[New Hampshire]] da Tennessee suna ɗaukar harajin samun kudin shiga na jihohi kawai akan rabe-rabe da samun riba. Daga cikin jihohin da ke sama, Alaska da New Hampshire ne kawai ba sa tara harajin tallace-tallace na jiha. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani a gidan yanar gizon Masu Gudanar da Haraji. A cikin Amurka, akwai haɓaka motsi don maye gurbin duk lissafin albashi na tarayya da harajin samun kuɗi (na kamfanoni da na sirri) tare da harajin tallace-tallace na ƙasa da ragi na haraji na wata-wata ga gidajen ƴan ƙasa da baƙi na doka. Shirin harajin suna FairTax. A Kanada, harajin tallace-tallace na tarayya ana kiransa harajin Kayayyaki da Sabis (GST) kuma yanzu yana tsaye a 5%. Lardunan British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, da tsibirin Prince Edward suma suna da harajin tallace-tallace na lardi [PST]. Lardunan Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, da Ontario sun daidaita harajin tallace-tallacen lardinsu tare da GST-Harmonized Sales Tax [HST], don haka cikakken VAT ne. Lardin Quebec na karɓar harajin tallace-tallace na Quebec [QST] wanda ya dogara da GST tare da wasu bambance-bambance. Yawancin kasuwancin na iya neman mayar da GST, HST, da QST da suka biya, don haka yadda ya kamata shine mabukaci na ƙarshe wanda ke biyan haraji. '''Excises''' Babban labarin: Excise Harajin fitar da kaya harajin kaikaice ne da ake sanyawa kaya a lokacin da ake sarrafa su, samarwa ko rarraba su, kuma yawanci ya yi daidai da adadi ko kimarsu. An fara shigar da harajin haraji a Ingila a shekara ta 1643, a zaman wani ɓangare na tsarin kuɗin shiga da haraji da ɗan majalisa John Pym ya ƙera kuma Majalisar Dogon ta amince da shi. Waɗannan ayyukan sun ƙunshi caji akan giya, ale, cider, ruwan inabi ceri, da taba, waɗanda daga baya aka ƙara takarda, sabulu, kyandir, malt, hops, da alewa. Tushen harajin haraji shi ne cewa haraji ne na samarwa, kerawa, ko rarraba kayayyakin da ba za a iya biyan su ta hanyar hukumar kwastam ba, kuma kudaden shiga da aka samu daga wannan hanyar ana kiran su kudaden shigar da suka dace. Mahimmin ra'ayi na kalmar shine na haraji akan abubuwan da aka kera ko kerawa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin haraji na irin kayan alatu kamar su ruhohi, giya, taba, da sigari, ya kasance al'adar sanya wani takalifi kan shigo da wadannan kasidu (hajin kwastan). Hakanan ana amfani da rangwamen (ko keɓancewa daga gare su) don canza yanayin amfani na wani yanki (injin zamantakewa). Misali, ana amfani da hatsabibi mai yawa don hana shan barasa, dangane da wasu kayayyaki. Ana iya haɗa wannan tare da hasashe idan an yi amfani da abin da aka samu don biyan kuɗin da ake kashewa na maganin rashin lafiyar da matsalar shan barasa ta haifar. Irin wannan haraji na iya kasancewa akan taba, batsa, marijuana da dai sauransu, kuma ana iya kiransu gaba ɗaya a matsayin "harajin zunubi". Harajin Carbon haraji ne kan amfani da man da ba a sake sabuntawa ba, kamar su man fetur, man dizal, man jet, da iskar gas. Abun shine don rage sakin carbon cikin yanayi. A Burtaniya, harajin harajin abin hawa haraji ne na shekara-shekara kan mallakar abin hawa. ==Farashin farashi== Tariff ɗin shigo da kaya ko fitarwa (wanda ake kira harajin kwastam ko impost) kuɗi ne na jigilar kaya ta kan iyakar siyasa. Tariffs yana hana kasuwanci, kuma gwamnatoci na iya amfani da su don kare masana'antar cikin gida. Yawancin kudaden shigan harajin ana hasashen za su biya gwamnati don kula da sojojin ruwa ko 'yan sandan kan iyaka. Hanyoyi na yau da kullun na yaudarar jadawalin kuɗin fito su ne fasa-kwauri ko bayyana ƙima na ƙarya. Haraji, jadawalin kuɗin fito da ka'idojin ciniki a wannan zamani galibi ana haɗa su tare saboda tasirinsu iri ɗaya akan manufofin masana'antu, manufofin saka hannun jari, da manufofin noma. Kungiyar cinikayya dai ita ce kungiyar kasashen da ke kawance da juna da suka amince da rage ko kawar da haraji kan kasuwanci da juna, da kuma yiwuwar sanya harajin kariya kan kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga wajen kungiyar. Kungiyar kwastam tana da kudin fito na bai daya na waje, kuma kasashen da ke shiga suna raba kudaden shiga daga harajin kayayyakin da ke shiga kungiyar ta kwastam. A wasu al'ummomi, ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya haraji kan jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin yankuna (ko ta takamaiman kofofin ciki). Babban misali shi ne likin, wanda ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudaden shiga ga [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] a cikin marigayi Qing na kasar Sin. Sauran ==Kudin lasisi== Ana iya sanya harajin sana'a ko kuɗaɗen lasisi akan kasuwanci ko daidaikun mutane masu tsunduma cikin wasu kasuwancin. Hukunce-hukuncen da yawa suna sanya haraji akan ababen hawa. ==Zaɓe== Babban labarin: Harajin zabe Harajin jefa ƙuri'a, wanda kuma ake kira harajin kowane mutum, ko harajin babban yanki, haraji ne da ke ɗaukar adadin adadin kowane mutum. Misali ne na manufar tsayayyen haraji. Ɗaya daga cikin haraji na farko da aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na rabin shekel a kowace shekara daga kowane Bayahude balagagge (Fit. 30:11-16) wani nau'i ne na harajin zabe. Harajin jefa kuri'a yana da arha a tsarin mulki saboda suna da sauƙin ƙididdigewa da tattarawa kuma suna da wahalar yaudara. Masana tattalin arziki sun yi la'akari da harajin zabe da inganci a fannin tattalin arziki saboda ana kyautata zaton mutane suna cikin kayyade kayan aiki da harajin zabe, don haka, ba sa haifar da gurbacewar tattalin arziki. Duk da haka, harajin jefa ƙuri'a ba shi da farin jini sosai saboda talakawa suna biyan kaso mafi tsoka na kudaden shiga fiye da masu arziki. Bugu da ƙari, wadatar mutane a gaskiya ba a ƙayyadadden lokaci ba: a matsakaita, ma'aurata za su zabi su haifi 'ya'ya kaɗan idan an sanya harajin zabe. 1381 Tawayen Ƙauye. Scotland ita ce ta farko da aka yi amfani da ita don gwada sabon harajin zaɓe a 1989 tare da Ingila da Wales a cikin 1990. Canji daga haraji na gida mai ci gaba dangane da ƙimar kadarorin zuwa nau'in haraji mai ƙima ɗaya ba tare da la'akari da ikon biya ba (Cajin Al'umma, amma wanda aka fi sani da Harajin Zabe), ya haifar da ƙin biyan kuɗi da yawa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankalin jama'a, waɗanda aka sani da suna 'Tare Harajin Zabe'. Sauran An gabatar da wasu nau'ikan haraji amma ba a amince da su a cikin kowane babban yanki ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: '''Harajin banki''' Haraji na mu'amalar kuɗi gami da harajin mu'amalar kuɗi ==Alamun siffantawa== Ad valorem da kowace naúra Manyan labarai: harajin Ad valorem da Harajin ɗaya ɗaya Harajin ad valorem shine ɗayan inda tushen haraji shine ƙimar mai kyau, sabis, ko dukiya. Haraji na tallace-tallace, jadawalin kuɗin fito, harajin dukiya, harajin gado, da ƙarin ƙarin haraji iri-iri ne na harajin ad valorem. Ana sanya harajin ad valorem yawanci a lokacin ciniki (haraji na tallace-tallace ko harajin ƙima (VAT)) amma ana iya sanya shi akan tsarin shekara-shekara (harajin dukiya) ko dangane da wani muhimmin lamari (harajin gado ko jadawalin kuɗin fito) ). Sabanin harajin ad valorem haraji ne na kowace raka'a, inda tushen haraji shine adadin wani abu, ko da kuwa farashinsa. Harajin haraji misali ne. ==Amfani== Babban labarin: Harajin amfani Harajin amfani yana nufin duk wani haraji akan kashe kuɗin da ba na saka hannun jari ba kuma ana iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar harajin tallace-tallace, ƙarin harajin ƙimar mabukaci, ko ta hanyar canza harajin kuɗin shiga don ba da damar cirewa mara iyaka don saka hannun jari ko tanadi. ==Muhalli== Wannan ya haɗa da harajin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa, harajin iskar gas (watau harajin carbon), "harajin sulfuric", da sauransu. Manufar da aka bayyana ita ce a rage tasirin muhalli ta hanyar sakewa. Masana tattalin arziki sun bayyana tasirin muhalli a matsayin mummunan waje. Tun farkon 1920, Arthur Pigou ya ba da shawarar haraji don magance abubuwan waje (duba kuma sashin kan Ingantacciyar walwalar tattalin arziki a ƙasa). Aiwatar da yadda ya dace na harajin muhalli ya kasance batun muhawara mai dorewa. Matsakaici, ci gaba, koma baya, da jimlar dunƙulewa Muhimmin fasalin tsarin haraji shine yawan nauyin haraji kamar yadda ya shafi samun kudin shiga ko amfani. Ana amfani da sharuɗɗan ci gaba, koma baya, da daidaitawa don bayyana yadda ƙimar ke ci gaba daga ƙasa zuwa babba, daga babba zuwa ƙasa, ko daidai gwargwado. Sharuɗɗan sun bayyana tasirin rarraba, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi ga kowane nau'in tsarin haraji (shigarwa ko amfani) wanda ya dace da ma'anar. Harajin ci gaba haraji ne da aka sanya ta yadda ƙimar haraji mai inganci ta karu yayin da adadin da ake amfani da shi ya karu. Sabanin harajin ci gaba shine haraji mai jujjuyawa, inda ƙimar haraji mai tasiri ke raguwa yayin da adadin kuɗin da ake amfani da shi ya karu. Ana samar da wannan tasirin yawanci inda ake amfani da gwaji don janye alawus na haraji ko fa'idodin jihohi. A tsakanin akwai harajin da ya dace, inda aka kayyade ƙimar haraji mai inganci, yayin da adadin kuɗin da ake amfani da shi ya ƙaru. Harajin dunƙule harajin haraji ne wanda yake ƙayyadaddun adadi, komai sauyin yanayi na abin da ake biyan haraji. Wannan a zahiri shine haraji mai raguwa kamar yadda waɗanda ke da ƙananan kudin shiga dole ne su yi amfani da kashi mafi girma na samun kudin shiga fiye da waɗanda ke da babban kuɗin shiga sabili da haka tasirin haraji yana raguwa a matsayin aikin samun kudin shiga. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da sharuɗɗan don amfani da ma'ana ga harajin zaɓin amfani, kamar haraji akan kayan alatu da keɓance abubuwan buƙatu na yau da kullun ana iya siffanta su da samun tasirin ci gaba yayin da yake ƙara nauyin haraji akan babban amfani kuma yana rage haraji. nauyi akan ƙananan amfani. Kai tsaye da kaikaice Manyan labarai: Haraji kai tsaye da harajin kai tsaye Haraji wani lokaci ana kiransa "haraji kai tsaye" ko "haraji kai tsaye". Ma'anar waɗannan kalmomi na iya bambanta a cikin mahallin daban-daban, wanda wani lokaci yakan haifar da rudani. Wani ma'anar tattalin arziki, ta Atkinson, ya bayyana cewa "... haraji kai tsaye za a iya daidaita su zuwa halaye na mutum na mai biyan haraji, yayin da harajin kai tsaye akan hada-hadar kasuwanci ba tare da la'akari da yanayin mai siye ko mai sayarwa ba." Bisa ga wannan ma'anar, misali, harajin shiga "kai tsaye", harajin tallace-tallace "kai tsaye". A cikin doka, kalmomin na iya samun ma'anoni daban-daban. A cikin dokar tsarin mulkin Amurka, alal misali, haraji kai tsaye yana nufin harajin jefa ƙuri'a da harajin kadarori, waɗanda suka dogara da sauƙaƙa ko mallaka. Ana sanya harajin kai tsaye akan abubuwan da suka faru, haƙƙoƙi, gata, da ayyuka. Don haka, haraji kan siyar da kadarorin za a yi la’akari da shi a matsayin harajin kai tsaye, alhali harajin mallakar kadarorin kawai zai zama harajin kai tsaye. ==Kudade da tasiri== Gwamnatoci na iya cajin kuɗin mai amfani, kuɗin fito, ko wasu nau'ikan kimantawa don musanya takamaiman kayayyaki, ayyuka, ko amfani da kadarori. Wadannan gabaɗaya ba a ɗauke su a matsayin haraji, idan dai ana ɗaukar su a matsayin biyan kuɗi don fa'idar kai tsaye ga wanda ya biya. Irin waɗannan kudade sun haɗa da: Tolls: kuɗin da ake cajin tafiya ta hanya, gada, rami, magudanar ruwa, hanyar ruwa ko sauran wuraren sufuri. An yi amfani da kuɗaɗen kuɗi na tarihi don biyan ayyukan gada, titina, da ayyukan ramin jama'a. An kuma yi amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin haɗin kai na keɓaɓɓu. Kila adadin kuɗin zai zama ƙayyadaddun caji, ƙila an kammala karatunsa don nau'in abin hawa, ko don nisa akan manyan hanyoyi. Kuɗin mai amfani, kamar waɗanda aka caje don amfani da wuraren shakatawa ko wasu wuraren mallakar gwamnati. Hukunce-hukuncen hukumce-hukumcen da hukumomin gwamnati ke biya don yanke hukunci a cikin yanayi na musamman. Wasu malaman suna kiran wasu tasirin tattalin arziki a matsayin haraji, kodayake ba harajin da gwamnatoci ke sanyawa ba. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: Harajin hauhawar farashin kaya: lahani na tattalin arziki da masu rike da tsabar kudi da kwatankwacin kuɗaɗe suka fuskanta a cikin ɗari ɗaya na kuɗi saboda tasirin manufofin kuɗi na faɗaɗawa. Tauye kudi: Manufofin gwamnati irin su ribar kuɗi akan basussukan gwamnati, dokokin kuɗi kamar buƙatun ajiya da sarrafa babban jari, da shingen shiga kasuwannin da gwamnati ke da ko sarrafa kasuwanci. ==Tarihi== Tsarin haraji na farko da aka sani shine a tsohuwar Masar a kusa da 3000-2800 BC, a cikin Daular Farko na Tsohuwar Masarautar Masar. Na farko kuma mafi yaɗuwar nau'ikan haraji sune corvée da zakka. An tilasta wa ma'aikata aikin yi wa jihar aiki da talakawan da ba su da talauci sosai don biyan wasu nau'ikan haraji (aikin a tsohuwar Masarawa ma'anar haraji ce). Rubuce-rubuce daga littafin lokaci cewa Fir'auna zai gudanar da rangadin masarautar kowace shekara, yana karbar zakka daga mutane. Sauran bayanan sune rasit na granary a kan filaye na farar ƙasa da papyrus. An kuma kwatanta harajin farko a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. A cikin Farawa (babi na 47, aya ta 24 – New International Version), ya ce “Amma idan amfanin gona ya shigo, ku ba Fir’auna humushinsa. ku da iyalanku da ’ya’yanku”. Samgharitr shine sunan da aka ambata ga mai karɓar haraji a cikin rubutun Vedic. A Hattusa, babban birnin daular Hittiyawa, an tattara hatsi a matsayin haraji daga ƙasashen da ke kewaye, kuma a ajiye su a cikin silo don nunin dukiyar sarki. A cikin Daular Farisa, Darius I Mai Girma ya gabatar da tsarin haraji mai dorewa a cikin 500 BC; tsarin haraji na Farisa ya dace da kowane Satrapy (yankin da Satrap ko gwamnan lardin ke mulki). A lokuta dabam-dabam, akwai Satrapies tsakanin 20 zuwa 30 a cikin Daular kuma kowanne an kimanta shi gwargwadon yawan aikin sa. Hakki ne na Satrap ya tattara adadin kuɗin da ya kamata ya aika zuwa baitul mali, bayan ya cire kuɗin da ya kashe (kudi da ikon yanke hukunci daidai yadda kuma daga wanene za a sami kuɗin a lardin, yana ba da mafi girman dama ga masu arziki). pickings). Adadin da ake buƙata daga larduna daban-daban ya ba da kyakkyawan hoto game da ƙarfin tattalin arzikinsu. Alal misali, an ƙididdige Babila don mafi girma da kuma gaurayawan kayayyaki masu ban mamaki; 1,000 na azurfa talanti 1,000 da abinci na wata huɗu ga sojoji. Indiya, lardi da aka yi wa zinari, za ta ba da ƙurar zinariya daidai da ƙimar talanti 4,680 na azurfa. An san Masar da arzikin amfanin gonakinta; zai zama rumbun daular Farisa (da kuma, daga baya, na Daular Roma) kuma ana buƙatar ta ba da mudu 120,000 na hatsi ban da talanti 700 na azurfa. An biya wannan haraji na musamman akan Satrapies dangane da filayensu, iya aiki da matakan haraji. The Rosetta Stone, wani rangwamen haraji da Ptolemy V ya bayar a cikin 196 BC kuma an rubuta shi cikin harsuna uku "ya kai ga mafi shaharar rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin tarihi-fashewar hieroglyphs". A cikin Jamhuriyar Romawa, ana karɓar haraji daga mutane akan adadin tsakanin 1% zuwa 3% na ƙimar da aka tantance na duka kadarorinsu. Duk da haka, da yake yana da matukar wahala a sauƙaƙe tattara haraji, gwamnati ta yi gwanjonsa duk shekara. Manoman harajin da suka ci nasara (wanda ake kira publicani) sun biya kuɗin haraji ga gwamnati a gaba sannan su ajiye harajin da aka karɓa daga daidaikun mutane. Masu zuba jari sun biya kudaden haraji a cikin tsabar kudi, amma sun tattara haraji ta hanyar amfani da wasu kafofin watsa labaru, don haka ya ragewa gwamnati aiki don aiwatar da canjin kudin da kansu. Biyan kudaden shiga da gaske ya yi aiki a matsayin rance ga gwamnati, wanda ya biya riba. Duk da cewa wannan tsarin kasuwanci ne mai riba ga gwamnati da kuma ’yan jari-hujja, amma daga baya sai sarki Augustus ya maye gurbinsa da tsarin haraji kai tsaye; bayan haka, kowane lardi ya wajaba ya biya haraji 1% a kan dukiya da kima ga kowane babba. Wannan ya haifar da ƙidayar jama'a na yau da kullun kuma ya karkata tsarin haraji zuwa harajin kuɗin shiga na mutum maimakon dukiya. Sarakunan Musulunci sun dora Zakka (haraji a kan Musulmi) da Jizya (harajin zabe a kan wadanda ba Musulmi ba). A Indiya wannan al'ada ta fara ne a karni na 11. ==Juyawa== Yawancin bayanan tattara haraji na gwamnati a Turai tun aƙalla karni na 17 har yanzu suna nan. Amma matakan haraji suna da wahala a kwatanta da girma da kuma kwararar tattalin arzikin tunda lambobin samarwa ba su da sauƙi. Kudaden gwamnati da kudaden shiga a Faransa a cikin karni na 17 sun tashi daga kimanin miliyan 24.30 a cikin 1600-10 zuwa kusan miliyan 126.86 a cikin 1650-59 zuwa kusan miliyan 117.99 a cikin 1700-10 lokacin da bashin gwamnati ya kai livs biliyan 1.6. A cikin 1780-89, ya kai miliyan 421.50. Haraji a matsayin kashi na samar da kayayyaki na ƙarshe na iya kai kashi 15-20% a cikin ƙarni na 17 a wurare kamar Faransa, Netherlands, da Scandinavia. A cikin shekaru cike da yaki na karni na sha takwas da farkon karni na sha tara, yawan haraji a Turai ya karu sosai yayin da yaki ya kara tsada kuma gwamnatoci sun zama masu zaman kansu da kuma kware wajen tara haraji. Wannan karuwa ya kasance mafi girma a Ingila, Peter Mathias da Patrick O'Brien sun gano cewa nauyin haraji ya karu da 85% a wannan lokacin. Wani bincike ya tabbatar da wannan adadi, inda ya gano cewa kudaden shiga na harajin kowane mutum ya karu kusan sau shida a cikin karni na sha takwas, amma ci gaban tattalin arziki ya sanya ainihin nauyin kowane mutum ya ninka sau biyu a wannan lokacin kafin juyin juya halin masana'antu. Adadin haraji mai inganci ya fi Faransa girma a shekarun da suka gabata kafin juyin juya halin Faransa, sau biyu a kwatankwacin kudin shiga na kowane mutum, amma galibi an sanya su kan kasuwancin kasa da kasa. A Faransa, haraji ya ragu amma nauyin ya fi kan masu mallakar filaye, daidaikun mutane, da kasuwancin cikin gida don haka ya haifar da fushi. Haraji a matsayin kashi na GDP na 2016 ya kasance 45.9% a Denmark, 45.3% a Faransa, 33.2% a Burtaniya, 26% a Amurka, kuma a tsakanin dukkan membobin OECD matsakaicin 34.3%. ==Siffofin== A cikin tattalin arzikin kuɗi kafin bankin fiat, wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na haraji shine seigniorage, haraji akan ƙirƙirar kuɗi. Sauran nau'o'in harajin da aka daina amfani da su sun haɗa da: Scutage, wanda aka biya a madadin aikin soja; A taƙaice magana, shi ne commutation na ba haraji wajibi maimakon haraji a matsayin irin wannan amma aiki a matsayin haraji a aikace. Tallage, haraji akan masu dogara ga feudal. Zakkar, biyan kuɗi kamar haraji (kashi ɗaya cikin goma na abin da mutum ya samu ko amfanin gona), wanda aka biya wa Ikilisiya (kuma ta haka ne ma musamman don zama haraji a cikin tsauraran sharuddan fasaha). Bai kamata wannan ya ruɗe da aikin zamani na wannan suna ba wanda ya saba wa son rai. (Feudal) taimako, wani nau'i na haraji ko biyan da wani vassal ya biya wa ubangijinsa a lokacin faudal. Danegeld, harajin ƙasa na tsakiyar zamanai wanda aka samo asali ne don biyan kashe ƴan Denmark hari kuma daga baya aka yi amfani da shi wajen ba da kuɗin kashe sojoji. Carucage, haraji wanda ya maye gurbin Danegeld a Ingila. Noman haraji, ka'idar sanya alhakin tattara kudaden haraji ga 'yan ƙasa ko ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. Socage, tsarin haraji na feudal bisa hayar ƙasa. Burgage, tsarin haraji na feudal bisa hayar filaye. Wasu manyan hukumomi sun sanya harajin tagogi, kofofi, ko kabad don rage cin gilashin da kayan masarufi da aka shigo da su. An yi amfani da sulke, bukkoki, da riguna don guje wa biyan haraji a kan kofofi da kabad. A wasu yanayi, ana kuma amfani da haraji don aiwatar da manufofin jama'a kamar cajin cunkoso (don yanke zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da ƙarfafa jigilar jama'a) a London. A cikin Tsarist Rasha, an danne haraji akan gemu. A yau, ɗayan mafi rikitarwa tsarin haraji a duniya yana cikin Jamus. Kashi uku cikin huɗu na wallafe-wallafen haraji na duniya suna nufin tsarin Jamusanci.[abubuwan da ake bukata] A karkashin tsarin Jamus, akwai dokoki 118, siffofin 185, da ka'idoji 96,000, suna kashe € 3.7 biliyan don tattara harajin samun kudin shiga. Amurka, IRS yana da kusan nau'i 1,177 da umarni, megabytes 28.4111 na Lambobin Harajin Cikin Gida wanda ya ƙunshi kalmomi miliyan 3.8 kamar na 1 ga Fabrairu 2010, ƙa'idodin haraji da yawa a cikin Kundin Dokokin Tarayya, da ƙarin kayan a cikin Bulletin Harajin Cikin Gida. Yau, gwamna Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, haraji yana mayar da dukiya daga gidaje ko kasuwanci zuwa gwamnatin al'umma. Adam Smith ya rubuta a cikin The Wealth of Nations cewa "...kudaden tattalin arziki na mutane masu zaman kansu sun kasu kashi uku: haya, riba, da albashi. Masu biyan haraji na yau da kullun za su biya harajin su daga akalla daya daga cikin hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga. Gwamnati na iya yin niyya cewa wani haraji ya kamata ya fadi a kan haya kadai. , riba, ko albashi - da kuma cewa wani haraji ya kamata fado a kan duk uku masu zaman kansu tushen samun kudin shiga a hade Duk da haka, da yawa haraji ba makawa za su fada a kan albarkatun da kuma mutane sosai daban-daban daga waɗanda aka yi niyya ... Good haraji hadu hudu manyan sharudda Su ne (1). don samun kudin shiga ko damar iya biyan (2) wasu maimakon na sabani (3) ana biya a lokuta da hanyoyin da suka dace da masu biyan haraji da (4) arha don gudanarwa da tattarawa." Halayen haraji (kamar gurɓacewar tattalin arziƙi) da kuma ra'ayoyi game da yadda mafi kyawun haraji wani muhimmin batu ne a cikin ƙananan tattalin arziki. Haraji kusan ba shine sauƙin canja wurin arziki ba. Ka'idodin tattalin arziki na haraji suna fuskantar tambayar yadda za a haɓaka jin daɗin tattalin arziki ta hanyar haraji. Wani bincike na 2019 yana duba tasirin rage haraji ga ƙungiyoyin samun kuɗi daban-daban, ya kasance rage haraji ga ƙungiyoyi masu karamin karfi waɗanda ke da tasiri mai kyau ga haɓaka ayyukan yi. Rage haraji ga masu hannu da shuni sama da kashi 10 cikin ɗari ya ɗan yi tasiri. ==Abin da ya faru== Duba kuma: Tasirin haraji da tallafi akan farashi Doka ta kafa daga wanda ake karɓar haraji. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana sanya haraji akan kasuwanci (kamar harajin kamfanoni ko ɓangaren harajin biyan kuɗi). Duk da haka, wanda a ƙarshe ya biya haraji (haraji "nauyin") kasuwa ne ke ƙayyade shi yayin da haraji ya shiga cikin farashin samarwa. Ka'idar tattalin arziki ta nuna cewa tasirin tattalin arzikin haraji ba lallai ba ne ya faɗi a daidai lokacin da ake karɓar harajin. Misali, haraji kan aikin da masu daukar ma'aikata ke biya zai shafi ma'aikaci, a kalla a cikin dogon lokaci. Mafi girman kaso na nauyin haraji yana ƙoƙarin faɗuwa akan mafi ƙarancin abin da ke ciki-bangaren ciniki wanda canjin farashi ya shafa. Don haka, alal misali, haraji akan albashi a gari zai (aƙalla a cikin dogon lokaci) zai shafi masu mallakar dukiya a wannan yanki. Dangane da yadda aka ba da adadin da ake buƙata don bambanta da farashi ("elasticities" na samarwa da buƙata), mai siyarwa na iya ɗaukar haraji (a cikin nau'i na ƙananan farashin kafin haraji), ko ta mai siye (a cikin tsari). na hauhawar farashin bayan haraji). Idan elasticity na wadata yana da ƙasa, ƙarin harajin zai biya ta mai kaya. Idan elasticity na buƙata ya yi ƙasa, ƙarin abokin ciniki zai biya; kuma, akasin haka ga lokuta inda waɗannan elasticities suke da yawa. Idan mai siyarwar kamfani ne mai fa'ida, ana rarraba nauyin haraji akan abubuwan samarwa dangane da elasticities; wannan ya hada da ma'aikata (a cikin nau'i na ƙananan albashi), masu zuba jarurruka (a cikin nau'i na asarar masu hannun jari), masu mallakar filaye (a cikin nau'i na ƙananan haya), 'yan kasuwa (a cikin nau'i na ƙananan albashi na kulawa) da abokan ciniki (a cikin nau'i na farashi mafi girma). Don nuna wannan alaƙa, a ɗauka cewa farashin kasuwa na samfur shine $1.00 kuma an sanya harajin $0.50 akan samfurin wanda, bisa doka, za a karɓa daga mai siyarwa. Idan samfurin yana da buƙatu na roba, babban ɓangaren harajin mai siyarwa zai mamaye shi. Wannan shi ne saboda kaya tare da buƙatun roba suna haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin yawa suna buƙatar ƙaramin karuwa a farashin. Sabili da haka, don daidaita tallace-tallace, mai sayarwa yana ɗaukar ƙarin nauyin haraji. Misali, mai siyar zai iya sauke farashin samfurin zuwa $0.70 ta yadda, bayan ya ƙara a cikin haraji, mai siye ya biya jimillar $1.20, ko $0.20 fiye da yadda ya yi kafin a saka harajin $0.50. A cikin wannan misali, mai siye ya biya $0.20 na harajin $0.50 (a matsayin farashin bayan haraji) kuma mai siyarwa ya biya sauran $0.30 (a cikin nau'i na ƙaramin farashi kafin haraji). '''Ƙara jin daɗin tattalin arziki''' Kudin gwamnati Manufar haraji ita ce samar da kudaden da gwamnati ke kashewa ba tare da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ba. Samar da kayayyakin jama'a kamar tituna da sauran ababen more rayuwa, makarantu, gidan yanar gizo na kare lafiyar jama'a, tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, tsaro na kasa, tabbatar da doka, da tsarin kotuna yana kara kyautata tattalin arzikin al'umma idan fa'idar ta zarce kudaden da ake kashewa. ==Pigovian== Kasancewar haraji na iya haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki a wasu lokuta. Idan akwai mummunan waje da ke hade da mai kyau (ma'ana yana da mummunan tasiri wanda mabukaci ba su ji ba) to, kasuwa mai kyauta za ta yi ciniki da yawa daga wannan mai kyau. Ta hanyar sanya haraji mai kyau, gwamnati na iya tara kudaden shiga don magance takamaiman matsaloli tare da haɓaka jin daɗin rayuwa gaba ɗaya. Manufar ita ce a sanya haraji ga mutane lokacin da suke ƙirƙirar kuɗaɗen jama'a ban da kuɗin kansu. Ta hanyar harajin kaya tare da mummunan waje, gwamnati na ƙoƙarin haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki yayin haɓaka kudaden shiga. Ana kiran wannan nau'in harajin harajin Pigovia, bayan masanin tattalin arziki Arthur Pigou wanda ya rubuta game da shi a cikin littafinsa "The Economics of Welfare" na shekarar 1920. Harajin Pigovia na iya kaiwa ga samar da iskar gas da ba a so wanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi (wato harajin carbon), gurɓataccen mai (kamar man fetur), gurɓataccen ruwa ko iska (wato ecotax), kayayyaki waɗanda ke jawo farashin lafiyar jama'a (kamar barasa ko taba), da wuce gona da iri na wasu kayayyakin jama'a (kamar farashin cunkoson ababen hawa). Manufar ita ce a haɗa haraji ga mutanen da ke haifar da matsakaicin matsakaicin adadin cutarwa ga al'umma don haka kasuwa ta kyauta ta haɗa duk farashi sabanin farashi na sirri kawai, tare da fa'idar rage nauyin haraji gabaɗaya ga mutanen da ke haifar da ƙarancin lahani ga al'umma. ==Rage rashin daidaito== Harajin ci gaba gabaɗaya yana rage rashin daidaiton tattalin arziƙi, ko da lokacin da ba a sake rarraba kudaden haraji daga manyan mutane zuwa masu karamin karfi. Koyaya, a cikin takamaiman yanayin musamman, harajin ci gaba yana ƙaruwa da rashin daidaituwar tattalin arziƙi lokacin da masu karamin karfi ke cinye kayayyaki da ayyukan da mutane masu yawa ke samarwa, waɗanda kuma ke cinyewa kawai daga sauran mutane masu samun kudin shiga (sakamako-sakamako). ==Rage jin daɗin tattalin arziki== Yawancin haraji (duba ƙasa) suna da sakamako masu illa waɗanda ke rage jin daɗin tattalin arziƙi, ko dai ta hanyar tilasta aiki mara amfani (kudin biyan kuɗi) ko ta haifar da ɓarna ga abubuwan ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi (asara mai kisa da fa'ida mara kyau). '''Kudin yarda''' Ko da yake dole ne gwamnatoci su kashe kuɗi kan ayyukan tattara haraji, wasu kuɗin, musamman don adana bayanai da cike fom, 'yan kasuwa ne da masu zaman kansu ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Waɗannan ana kiran su gaba ɗaya farashin biyan kuɗi. Ƙarin tsarin haraji masu rikitarwa suna da ƙarin biyan kuɗi. Ana iya amfani da wannan gaskiyar a matsayin ginshiƙi don hujja na zahiri ko ɗabi'a don goyon bayan sauƙaƙan haraji (kamar FairTax ko OneTax, da wasu shawarwarin haraji na lebur). '''Farashin kiba''' Idan babu mummunan waje, shigar da haraji a cikin kasuwa yana rage tasirin tattalin arziki ta hanyar haifar da asarar kisa. A cikin kasuwar gasa, farashin wani ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi yana daidaitawa don tabbatar da cewa duk kasuwancin da ke amfana da mai siye da mai siyar mai kyau ya faru. Gabatar da haraji yana sa farashin da mai siyarwa ya karɓa ya zama ƙasa da farashin mai siye ta adadin harajin. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin ciniki don faruwa, wanda ke rage jin daɗin tattalin arziki; daidaikun mutane ko kasuwancin da abin ya shafa ba su da kyau fiye da kafin haraji. Nauyin haraji da adadin kuɗin da aka kashe ya dogara ne akan elasticity na samarwa da buƙatar mai kyau haraji. Yawancin haraji-ciki har da harajin samun kudin shiga da harajin tallace-tallace-na iya samun madaidaicin farashi mai kisa. Hanya daya tilo don gujewa tsadar kiba a cikin tattalin arzikin da ke da gasa gabaɗaya ita ce kamewa daga harajin da ke canza yunƙurin tattalin arziki. Irin waɗannan haraji sun haɗa da harajin ƙimar ƙasa, inda harajin ke kan mai kyau a cikin wadatar da ba ta da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar sanya harajin darajar filayen da ba a inganta ba sabanin abin da aka gina a kai, harajin kimar filaye baya kara haraji kan masu mallakar fili don inganta filayensu. Wannan ya saba wa harajin kadarorin gargajiya wanda ke ba da lada ga watsi da ƙasa da kuma hana gini, kulawa, da gyarawa. Wani misalin haraji mai ƙarancin kima shine harajin dunƙule kamar harajin zabe (haraji) wanda duk manya ke biya ba tare da la'akari da zaɓin su ba. Babu shakka harajin ribar da ba a tsammani ba zai iya shiga cikin wannan rukunin. Asara mai mutuƙar kiba baya lissafin tasirin harajin da ke tattare da daidaita filin wasan kasuwanci. Kasuwancin da ke da ƙarin kuɗi sun fi dacewa don kare gasar. Ya zama ruwan dare cewa masana'antar da ke da ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni suna da babban shinge na shigarwa ga sababbin masu shigowa cikin kasuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa babban kamfani, mafi kyawun matsayinsa don yin shawarwari tare da masu kaya. Hakanan, manyan kamfanoni na iya yin aiki a ƙananan riba ko ma riba mara kyau na tsawon lokaci, don haka fitar da gasa. Ƙarin ci gaba na haraji na riba, duk da haka, zai rage irin wannan shinge ga sababbin masu shiga, ta yadda za a kara gasa da kuma amfanar masu amfani. Karɓar abubuwan ƙarfafawa Ƙaddamar da lambar haraji a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa suna ba da ƙarfafa haraji mara kyau. Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da manufofin haraji akwai, ƙarin dama don kauce wa haraji na doka da kuma kauce wa haraji ba bisa ka'ida ba. Waɗannan ba kawai haifar da asarar kudaden shiga ba amma sun haɗa da ƙarin farashi: alal misali, biyan kuɗin da aka yi don shawarar haraji ainihin tsadar kiba ne saboda ba su ƙara wadata ga tattalin arziki. Har ila yau, abubuwan ƙarfafawa suna faruwa saboda ma'amaloli 'boyayye' marasa haraji; alal misali, siyar da kamfani ɗaya zuwa wani yana iya zama abin dogaro ga harajin tallace-tallace, amma idan an jigilar kayayyaki iri ɗaya daga reshe na kamfani zuwa wani, ba za a biya haraji ba. Don magance waɗannan batutuwa, masana tattalin arziƙi sukan ba da shawarar tsarin haraji masu sauƙi da gaskiya waɗanda ke guje wa samar da madafun iko. Harajin tallace-tallace, alal misali, ana iya maye gurbinsu da ƙarin harajin ƙima wanda ba ya kula da tsaka-tsaki. ===A kasashe masu tasowa=== Bayan binciken Nicolas Kaldor, kuɗin jama'a a ƙasashe masu tasowa yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi ga iyawar jihohi da ci gaban kuɗi. Yayin da ƙarfin jihohi ke haɓaka, jihohi ba kawai ƙara yawan kuɗin haraji ba har ma da tsarin haraji. Tare da manyan sansanonin haraji da raguwar mahimmancin harajin ciniki, harajin kuɗin shiga yana samun ƙarin mahimmanci. A cewar hujjar Tilly, iyawar jihar ta samo asali ne a matsayin martani ga bullar yaki. Yaƙi wani abin ƙarfafawa ne ga jihohi don ƙara haraji da ƙarfafa ƙarfin jihohi. A tarihi, an sami nasarorin haraji da yawa a lokacin yaƙi. Gabatar da harajin kuɗin shiga a Biritaniya ya faru ne saboda Yaƙin Napoleon a 1798. Amurka ta fara shigar da harajin kuɗin shiga lokacin yakin basasa. Harajin yana takura ne da karfin kasafin kudi da na doka na wata kasa. Har ila yau, iyawar kasafin kuɗi da na doka suna haɗa juna. Tsarin haraji da aka ƙera zai iya rage girman hasara da haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziki. Tare da ingantacciyar yarda da ingantaccen tallafi ga cibiyoyin kuɗi da dukiyoyin mutum ɗaya, gwamnati za ta iya karɓar ƙarin haraji. Ko da yake ƙasashe masu arziki suna da ƙarin harajin haraji, haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ba koyaushe yana fassara zuwa ƙarin harajin haraji ba. Misali, a Indiya, karuwar keɓancewa yana haifar da koma baya na kudaden harajin shiga a kusan kashi 0.5% na GDP tun 1986. Masu bincike na EPS PEAKS sun bayyana cewa ainihin dalilin haraji shine tara kudaden shiga, samar da albarkatu don Kasafin Kasafin Kudi, da kuma kafa wani muhimmin bangare na sarrafa tattalin arzikin kasa. Sun ce ka'idar tattalin arziki ta mayar da hankali kan bukatar "inganta" tsarin ta hanyar daidaita inganci da daidaito, fahimtar tasirin abin da ake samarwa, da amfani da kuma rarrabawa, sake rarrabawa, da walwala. Sun bayyana cewa an kuma yi amfani da haraji da kuma rage haraji a matsayin kayan aiki don canza ɗabi'a, don yin tasiri ga yanke shawara na zuba jari, samar da aiki, tsarin amfani, da kuma mummunar lalacewar tattalin arziki ( waje), kuma a ƙarshe, inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da ci gaba. Har ila yau, tsarin haraji da gudanar da ayyukansa na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina jiha da gudanar da mulki, a matsayin babban nau’i na “kwangilar zaman jama’a” tsakanin jama’a da jama’a, wadanda a matsayinsu na masu biyan haraji, za su iya aiwatar da ayyukan gwamnati a sakamakon haka. Masu binciken sun rubuta cewa kudaden shiga na cikin gida ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na samar da kudaden jama'a na kasashe masu tasowa saboda ya fi kwanciyar hankali da hasashen sama da taimakon ci gaban kasashen waje kuma ya zama wajibi kasa ta kasance mai dogaro da kanta. Sun gano cewa kudaden shiga na cikin gida, a matsakaici, sun riga sun fi na ODA girma, tare da taimakon kasa da kashi 10% na harajin da aka tattara a Afirka gaba daya. Duk da haka, a cikin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na Taimakon Raya Ƙasashen waje na Afirka ya zarce karɓar haraji, tare da yiwuwar waɗannan ƙasashe ba su da albarkatu. Wannan ya nuna kasashen da suka fi samun ci gaba wajen maye gurbin taimako da kudaden haraji sun kasance masu cin gajiyar rashin daidaito daga hauhawar farashin makamashi da kayayyaki. Marubucin ya sami kudaden haraji a matsayin kaso na GDP yana bambanta sosai a kusan matsakaicin duniya na 19%. Har ila yau, wannan bayanan ya nuna cewa ƙasashen da ke da babban GDP suna da ƙarin haraji zuwa ma'auni na GDP, wanda ke nuna cewa yawan kuɗin shiga yana da alaƙa da fiye da kudaden shiga na haraji. A matsakaita, kasashe masu tasowa suna samun kudaden haraji a matsayin kaso na GDP na kusan kashi 22%, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 18% a kasashe masu matsakaicin ra'ayi da kashi 14% a kasashe masu karamin karfi. A cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, mafi girman haraji-zuwa-GDP rabo yana cikin Denmark a kashi 47% kuma mafi ƙanƙanta yana cikin Kuwait a 0.8%, yana nuna ƙarancin haraji daga kuɗin shigar mai mai ƙarfi. Matsakaicin aikin dogon lokaci na kudaden shiga na haraji a matsayin kaso na GDP a cikin kasashe masu karamin karfi ya kasance mai tsayi sosai, kodayake yawancin sun nuna dan kadan a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A matsakaita, kasashe masu arzikin albarkatu sun sami ci gaba mafi yawa, daga kashi 10% a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 zuwa kusan kashi 17% a 2008. Kasashen da ba su da albarkatu sun sami ci gaba tare da matsakaita kudaden shiga na haraji ya karu daga 10% zuwa 15% akan lokaci guda. Yawancin kasashe masu karamin karfi suna da rabon haraji-zuwa-GDP kasa da 15% wanda zai iya zama saboda karancin karfin haraji, kamar takaitaccen ayyukan tattalin arziki, ko karancin kokarin haraji saboda zabin manufofi, rashin bin doka, ko gudanarwa. ƙuntatawa. Wasu kasashe masu karamin karfi suna da karancin haraji-zuwa-GDP saboda kudaden shigar harajin albarkatu (misali Angola) ko ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa haraji (misali Kenya, Brazil) yayin da wasu kasashe masu matsakaicin kudin shiga suna da karancin haraji zuwa-GDP (misali. Malaysia) wanda ke nuna ƙarin zaɓi na manufofin haraji. Duk da yake yawan kudaden haraji gabaɗaya ya kasance mai ƙarfi, yanayin duniya yana nuna harajin ciniki yana raguwa a matsayin adadin kuɗin shiga (IMF, 2011), tare da kaso na kudaden shiga daga harajin cinikin kan iyaka zuwa harajin tallace-tallace na cikin gida akan kayayyaki da ayyuka. . Kasashe masu karamin karfi sun fi dogaro da harajin ciniki, da kuma karancin kaso na kudin shiga da harajin amfani idan aka kwatanta da kasashe masu samun kudin shiga. An yi la'akari da ɗaya mai nuna ƙwarewar biyan haraji a cikin binciken "Yin Kasuwanci", wanda ya kwatanta adadin kuɗin haraji, lokacin da aka kashe don biyan hanyoyin haraji, da adadin biyan kuɗin da ake buƙata a cikin shekara, a cikin ƙasashe 176. Kasashe masu “mafi sauki” da ake biyan haraji suna Gabas ta Tsakiya ne inda UAE ke matsayi na farko, sai Qatar da Saudi Arabiya, da alama suna nuna karancin haraji a wadannan kasashe. Kasashe a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara suna cikin "mafi wahala" don biyan kuɗi tare da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Kongo, Guinea da Chadi a cikin ƙasa 5, wanda ke nuna yawan adadin haraji da kuma babban nauyin gudanarwa don yin aiki. '''Mahimman bayanai''' Masu binciken EPS PEAKS ne suka tattara bayanan da ke ƙasa: 'Yancin ciniki ya haifar da raguwar harajin ciniki a matsayin kaso na jimlar kudaden shiga da GDP. Kasashe masu arzikin albarkatu suna son tattara karin kudaden shiga a matsayin kaso na GDP, amma wannan ya fi saurin canzawa. Kasashen da ke kudu da hamadar sahara wadanda ke da arzikin albarkatun kasa sun fi yadda kasashen da ba su da albarkatun kasa ke karbar haraji, amma kudaden shiga na kara yin tabarbarewa daga shekara zuwa shekara. Ta hanyar ƙarfafa sarrafa kudaden shiga, akwai manyan damammaki don zuba jari don ci gaba da haɓaka. Kasashe masu tasowa suna da sashe na yau da kullun wanda ke wakiltar kusan kashi 40%, watakila har zuwa 60% a wasu. Sassan da ba na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi ƙananan ƴan kasuwa na yau da kullun waɗanda ƙila ba za su iya yin tasiri ba wajen shigar da kuɗin haraji tunda tsadar tattarawa yana da yawa kuma yuwuwar samun kuɗin shiga yana da iyaka (ko da yake akwai fa'idodin gudanar da mulki). Har ila yau, akwai batun kamfanonin da ba su yarda da su ba, wadanda ke da wuyar biyan haraji, suna guje wa haraji kuma ya kamata a shigar da su cikin gidan haraji. A yawancin ƙasashe masu karamin karfi, yawancin kudaden shiga ana tattara su ne daga kunkuntar tushen haraji, wani lokacin saboda ƙarancin ayyukan tattalin arziƙin da ake biyan haraji. Don haka akwai dogaro ga ƴan masu biyan haraji, galibi ‘yan ƙasa da ƙasa, waɗanda za su iya ta’azzara ƙalubalen kuɗin shiga ta hanyar rage alhakinsu na haraji, a wasu lokuta suna cin zarafin rashin iya aiki a hukumomin kudaden shiga, wani lokacin ta hanyar cin zarafi na farashin canja wuri.[ ƙarin bayani da ake bukata]. Kasashe masu tasowa da masu ci gaba suna fuskantar babban kalubale wajen biyan harajin na kasa da kasa da na kasa da kasa. Ƙididdiga na asarar kuɗaɗen haraji daga guje-guje da guje-guje a ƙasashe masu tasowa yana iyakance ne saboda ƙarancin bayanai da gazawar hanyoyin, amma wasu ƙididdiga suna da mahimmanci. '''Takaitawa''' Taimakawa cikin kudaden shiga na iya tallafawa tattara kudaden shiga don haɓakawa, haɓaka tsarin tsarin haraji da ingancin gudanarwa, da ƙarfafa gudanarwa da bin doka. Marubucin Jagoran Maudu'in Tattalin Arziki ya gano cewa mafi kyawun hanyoyin ba da taimako don samun kudaden shiga ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa, amma ya kamata a yi niyya don daidaitawa tare da muradun gwamnati da sauƙaƙe shiri mai inganci da aiwatar da ayyuka a ƙarƙashin sake fasalin haraji na tushen shaida. A ƙarshe, ta gano cewa gano wuraren da za a ci gaba da yin gyare-gyare na buƙatar tantance takamaiman ƙasar: fagagen fagage na ƙasashe masu tasowa da aka gano a duniya (misali IMF) sun haɗa da, alal misali, harajin kadarorin kuɗaɗen shiga cikin gida, ƙarfafa sarrafa kashe kuɗi, da ingantaccen harajin masana'antu masu haƙori da kuma samar da harajin da ake buƙata. na kasa da kasa. ===Ra'ayi=== '''Taimako''' Babban labarin: Kwangilar zamantakewa Kowane haraji, duk da haka,, ga wanda ya biya, alama ce, ba na bautar ba, amma ta 'yanci. - Adam Smith (1776), Dukiyar Al'ummai [[Fayil:Income_Taxes_By_Country_2005.svg|thumb|Harajin kasashe a shekarar 2005]] A cewar yawancin falsafar siyasa, haraji yana da hujja yayin da suke ba da gudummawar ayyukan da suka zama dole kuma masu amfani ga al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da haraji na ci gaba don rage rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki a cikin al'umma. A bisa wannan ra'ayi, haraji a cikin jihohin zamani na zamani yana amfana da yawancin jama'a da ci gaban zamantakewa. Gabatarwa gama gari na wannan ra'ayi, fassara kalamai daban-daban na Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. shine "Haraji farashin wayewa ne". Haka kuma za a iya cewa a tsarin dimokuradiyya, domin gwamnati ita ce jam’iyyar da ke aiwatar da ayyukan sanya haraji, al’umma gaba daya su kan yanke shawarar yadda za a tsara tsarin haraji. Taken "Babu haraji ba tare da wakilci ba" na juyin juya halin Amurka ya nuna wannan ra'ayi. Ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na gargajiya, biyan haraji ya cancanta a matsayin wani ɓangare na wajibcin ƴan ƙasa gabaɗaya na biyayya ga doka da tallafawa cibiyoyi da aka kafa. Matsayin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya yana cikin ƙila mafi shaharar maganar kuɗin jama'a, "Tsohon haraji haraji ne mai kyau". Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna ba da shawarar "babban jigo na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na cewa babu wanda ya kamata a ba wa wani uzuri daga biyan kuɗin gwamnati, don kada su yarda cewa gwamnati ba ta da tsada a gare su tare da takamaiman sakamakon cewa za su buƙaci ƙarin 'ayyukan' gwamnati." Jama'a na demokraɗiyya gabaɗaya suna ba da ƙarin matakan haraji don ba da gudummawar samar da sabis na jama'a iri-iri kamar kula da lafiya da ilimi, gami da samar da fa'idodi iri-iri. Kamar yadda Anthony Crosland da sauransu suka yi gardama, ƙarfin harajin kuɗin shiga daga babban birni shine babban jigo na shari'ar dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa don haɗakar tattalin arziƙi kamar yadda ya saba da muhawarar Marxist don cikakken ikon mallakar jama'a. Masu 'yanci na Amurka suna ba da shawarar ƙaramin matakin haraji don haɓaka kariyar 'yanci. Harajin tilas na daidaikun mutane, kamar harajin samun kudin shiga, galibi ana samun barata bisa dalilan da suka hada da ikon yanki, da kwangilar zamantakewa. Masu kare harajin kasuwanci suna jayayya cewa hanya ce mai inganci ta harajin kuɗin shiga wanda a ƙarshe ke gudana ga daidaikun mutane, ko kuma cewa harajin kasuwanci daban ya cancanta a kan dalilin cewa kasuwancin dole ne ya haɗa da amfani da ababen more rayuwa a bainar jama'a da kiyaye tattalin arziki, kuma kasuwancin sun kasance. a zahiri ana cajin wannan amfani. Masana tattalin arziki na Georgist suna jayayya cewa duk hayar tattalin arzikin da aka tattara daga albarkatun kasa (filaye, hakar ma'adinai, kamun kifi, da sauransu) kudaden shiga ne da ba a samu ba, kuma na al'umma ne maimakon kowane mutum. Suna ba da shawarar a kara haraji mai yawa (“Haraji ɗaya”) akan filaye da sauran albarkatun ƙasa don dawo da wannan kuɗin shiga da ba a samu ba ga jihar, amma babu sauran haraji. '''Rashin biyan haraji, Haraji a matsayin bauta, da Haraji a matsayin sata''' Domin biyan haraji wajibi ne kuma tsarin doka ya tilasta shi, maimakon na son rai kamar cinkoson jama'a, wasu falsafar siyasa suna kallon haraji a matsayin sata, kwace, bauta, a matsayin take hakkin mallaka, ko mulkin kama-karya, suna zargin gwamnati da karbar haraji ta hanyar karfi da karfi. tilastawa yana nufin. Masu son zuciya, anarcho-capitalist, da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dama suna ganin haraji a matsayin zalunci na gwamnati ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na ka'idar rashin zalunci. Masu ra'ayin cewa dimokuradiyya ta halasta haraji, masu ra'ayin cewa duk nau'ikan gwamnati, gami da dokokin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, zalunci ne. A cewar Ludwig von Mises, "al'umma gaba ɗaya" bai kamata ta yanke irin wannan shawarar ba, saboda tsarin ɗabi'a. Masu adawa da haraji na Libertarian suna da'awar cewa kariya ta gwamnati, kamar 'yan sanda da jami'an tsaro za a iya maye gurbinsu da wasu hanyoyin kasuwa kamar hukumomin tsaro masu zaman kansu, hukumomin sasantawa ko gudummawar sa kai. Murray Rothbard ya yi jayayya a cikin The Ethics of Liberty a cikin 1982 cewa haraji sata ne kuma saboda haka juriya na haraji ya zama halal: "Kamar yadda babu wanda ake buƙatar ɗabi'a don amsawa ɗan fashi da gaskiya lokacin da ya tambaye ko akwai wasu abubuwa masu daraja a gidan mutum, don haka babu wanda ana iya buƙatar ɗabi'a don amsa irin waɗannan tambayoyin da jihar ta yi ta gaskiya, misali, lokacin da ake cike harajin kuɗin shiga." Wasu da dama na kallon kashe kudi da gwamnati ke kashewa a matsayin rashin amfani da jari, kuma irin wadannan ayyukan da gwamnati ke son rayawa na iya samar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a farashi mai rahusa. Wannan hujjar ta nuna cewa ma’aikatan gwamnati ba sa saka hannun jarin kansu yadda ya kamata wajen inganta ayyukan, don haka kashe kudaden da ake kashewa yana faruwa a kowane mataki. Hakazalika, yawancin jami'an gwamnati ba a zaɓe su don ƙwarewar gudanar da ayyukansu ba, don haka za a iya karkatar da ayyukan. A Amurka, Shugaba George W. Bush ya ba da shawara a cikin kasafin kudinsa na 2009 "don ƙare ko rage shirye-shirye na hankali 151" waɗanda ba su da inganci ko kuma ba su da tasiri. Bugu da ƙari, masu sukar haraji sun lura cewa tsarin haraji, ba wai kawai zaluntar kuɗaɗen ƴan ƙasa ba ne, har ma da rashin adalci yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa daga ƴan ƙasa. Misali, Cibiyar Ayyukan Aiki ta Amurka ta kiyasta cewa Amurkawa suna kashe sa'o'i biliyan 6.5 a kowace shekara suna shirya harajin su. Wannan yayi daidai da kusan shekaru 741,501 na rayuwa da ake rasawa kowace shekara don kammala fom ɗin haraji da sauran takaddun da ke da alaƙa. '''Socialism''' Karl Marx ya dauka cewa haraji ba zai zama dole ba bayan zuwan gurguzu kuma yana fatan "kafewar jihar". A kasashe masu ra'ayin gurguzu irin na kasar Sin, haraji ya taka rawa sosai, tun da yawancin kudaden shigar da gwamnati ke samu daga mallakar kamfanoni ne, kuma wasu na cewa harajin kudi bai zama dole ba. Yayin da a wasu lokuta ana tambayar ɗabi'a na haraji, yawancin muhawarar game da haraji sun ta'allaka ne akan digiri da hanyar haraji da kuma alaƙar kashe kuɗin gwamnati, ba harajin kanta ba. '''Zabi''' Zaɓin haraji shine ka'idar da ya kamata masu biyan haraji su sami ƙarin iko tare da yadda ake kasafta harajin kowannensu. Idan masu biyan haraji za su iya zaɓar waɗanne ƙungiyoyin gwamnati ne suka karɓi harajin su, yanke shawarar farashi na dama zai haɗa ilimin su. Misali, mai biyan harajin da ya ware mafi yawan harajin sa kan ilimin jama’a zai samu raguwar kasaftawa kan harkokin kiwon lafiyar jama’a. Magoya bayan sun ce barin masu biyan haraji su nuna abubuwan da suke so zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa gwamnati ta yi nasarar samar da kayan amfanin jama’a yadda ya kamata da masu biyan haraji ke kima da su. Wannan zai kawo ƙarshen hasashe na ƙasa, zagayowar kasuwanci, rashin aikin yi da rarraba dukiya sosai daidai gwargwado. Joseph Stiglitz na Henry George Theorem ya annabta isar sa saboda - kamar yadda George kuma ya lura - kashe kuɗin jama'a yana haɓaka ƙimar ƙasa. '''Geoism''' Geolibertarianism, da harajin ƙimar ƙasa Geoists (Georgists da geolibertarians) sun bayyana cewa haraji ya kamata da farko tattara hayar tattalin arziki, musamman ƙimar ƙasa, saboda dalilai biyu na ingantaccen tattalin arziki da kuma ɗabi'a. Ingantacciyar amfani da hayar tattalin arziki don biyan haraji shine (kamar yadda masana tattalin arziki suka yarda) saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan harajin ba za'a iya aiwatar da shi ba kuma baya haifar da asarar kiba, kuma yana kawar da ƙwarin gwiwa don yin hasashe a ƙasa. Halinsa yana dogara ne akan yanayin Geoist cewa kadarorin masu zaman kansu sun dace don samfuran aiki amma ba don ƙasa da albarkatun ƙasa ba. Masanin tattalin arziki da gyara zamantakewa Henry George ya yi adawa da harajin tallace-tallace da harajin kariya saboda mummunan tasirin su akan kasuwanci. Ya kuma yi imani da haƙƙin kowane mutum na samun sakamakon aikin da ya samu da kuma jari mai fa'ida. Don haka, samun kuɗin shiga daga aikin da aka biya da kuma babban jari ya kamata ya kasance ba a biya haraji ba. Don haka yawancin masu ilimin Geoists-musamman waɗanda ke kiran kansu geolibertarian-suna raba ra'ayi tare da masu sassaucin ra'ayi cewa waɗannan nau'ikan haraji (amma ba duka ba) fasiƙanci ne har ma da sata. George ya ce ya kamata a sami haraji guda ɗaya: Harajin Ƙimar Ƙasa, wanda ake la'akari da inganci da ɗabi'a. Buƙatar ƙayyadaddun filaye ya dogara da yanayi, amma har ma fiye da kasancewar al'ummomi, kasuwanci, da kayayyakin more rayuwa na gwamnati, musamman a cikin birane. Don haka, hayan tattalin arzikin ƙasa ba na wani mutum ne na musamman ba kuma ana iya da'awar kuɗin jama'a. A cewar George, wannan zai kawo ƙarshen kumfa na gidaje, zagayowar kasuwanci, rashin aikin yi da rarraba dukiya da yawa daidai gwargwado. Henry George Theorem na Joseph Stiglitz yayi hasashen isar sa don ba da kuɗin tallafin kayan jama'a saboda waɗannan suna haɓaka ƙimar ƙasa. John Locke ya bayyana cewa, a duk lokacin da aka cakude aiki da albarkatun kasa, kamar yadda yake da ingantaccen filaye, ana tabbatar da kadarorin masu zaman kansu bisa tanadin cewa dole ne a samu isassun albarkatun kasa masu inganci iri daya ga wasu. Masana Geoists sun bayyana cewa an keta dokar Lockean a duk inda ƙimar ƙasa ta fi sifili. Don haka, a karkashin ka'idar da aka dauka na daidaita hakkin dukkan mutane ga albarkatun kasa, wanda ya mallaki kowane irin wannan kasa dole ne ya biya sauran al'umma adadin wannan darajar. Saboda wannan dalili, masana kimiyya gabaɗaya sun yi imanin cewa ba za a iya ɗaukar irin wannan biyan azaman 'haraji' na gaskiya ba, sai dai diyya ko kuɗi. Wannan yana nufin cewa yayin da masu ilimin Geoists kuma suna ɗaukar haraji a matsayin kayan aikin adalci na zamantakewa, sabanin masu ra'ayin dimokuradiyya da masu sassaucin ra'ayi na zamantakewa ba sa ɗaukar shi a matsayin kayan aikin sake rarrabawa amma a matsayin 'predistribution' ko kuma kawai daidaitaccen rarraba na gama gari. Modern geoists lura cewa ƙasa a cikin na gargajiya tattalin arziki ma'anar kalmar magana game da duk albarkatun kasa, don haka kuma ya hada da albarkatun kamar ma'adinai adibas, ruwa da kuma electromagnetic bakan, wanda dama damar kuma haifar da tattalin arziki hayar da dole ne a biya. A ƙarƙashin wannan dalili mafi yawansu kuma suna ɗaukar harajin pigouvian a matsayin diyya don lalacewar muhalli ko gata a matsayin abin karɓa har ma ya zama dole. ===Ka'idoji=== '''Laffer lankwasa''' A cikin tattalin arziƙi, lanƙwan Laffer wakilci ne na ƙa'idar dangantakar dake tsakanin kudaden shiga na gwamnati da aka haɓaka ta hanyar haraji da duk yuwuwar ƙimar haraji. Ana amfani da shi don kwatanta manufar elasticity na samun kuɗin shiga haraji (cewa kudin shiga mai haraji zai canza don amsa canje-canje a cikin adadin haraji). An gina lanƙwan ta hanyar gwajin tunani. Na farko, ana la'akari da adadin kuɗin harajin da aka taso a matsanancin ƙimar haraji na 0% da 100%. A bayyane yake cewa kashi 0% na haraji ba ya samun kudaden shiga, amma hasashe na Laffer shine cewa adadin haraji 100% ba zai haifar da kudaden shiga ba saboda a irin wannan adadin babu wani abin ƙarfafawa ga mai biyan haraji don samun kudin shiga. don haka kudaden shiga da aka samu zai zama 100% na komai. Idan duka kashi 0% da 100% na haraji ba su samar da kudaden shiga ba, ya biyo baya daga ka'idar ƙimar ƙimar cewa dole ne a kasance aƙalla ƙima ɗaya tsakanin inda kudaden shiga haraji zai zama matsakaicin. Laffer curve yawanci ana wakilta shi azaman jadawali wanda ke farawa da 0% haraji, kudaden shiga sifili, yana tashi zuwa matsakaicin adadin kudaden shiga da aka haɓaka a matsakaicin adadin haraji, sannan kuma ya sake faɗuwa zuwa kudaden shiga na sifiri a ƙimar haraji 100%. Wata yuwuwar sakamako na lanƙwan Laffer shine haɓaka ƙimar haraji fiye da wani batu zai zama mara amfani don haɓaka ƙarin kudaden shiga haraji. Za'a iya ƙididdige madaidaicin Laffer laffer don kowane tattalin arziƙin da aka ba da shi kawai kuma irin waɗannan ƙididdiga wasu lokuta suna da rikici. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics ya ba da rahoton cewa alkalumman yawan kuɗin shiga-ƙaramar adadin haraji sun bambanta sosai, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin kusan kashi 70%. '''Mafi kyawu''' Yawancin gwamnatoci suna karɓar kudaden shiga wanda ya zarce wanda za a iya bayar da shi ta hanyar harajin da ba na karkata ba ko kuma ta hanyar harajin da ke ba da riba biyu. Mafi kyawun ka'idar haraji shine reshe na tattalin arziki wanda yayi la'akari da yadda za'a iya tsara haraji don ba da mafi ƙarancin kiba, ko don ba da sakamako mafi kyau dangane da jindadin jama'a. Matsalar Ramsey tana ma'amala tare da rage ƙimar kiba. Saboda tsadar kiba yana da alaƙa da elasticity na samarwa da buƙatun mai kyau, hakan ya biyo bayan sanya mafi girman ƙimar haraji akan kayan da ake samu mafi ƙarancin wadata da buƙatu zai haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin kiba. Wasu masana tattalin arziki sun nemi su haɗa ka'idar haraji mafi kyau tare da aikin jin daɗin jama'a, wanda shine furcin tattalin arziki na ra'ayin cewa daidaito yana da daraja ko kaɗan. Idan mutane sun sami raguwar dawowa daga samun kudin shiga, to, mafi kyawun rarraba kudaden shiga ga al'umma ya ƙunshi harajin samun ci gaba. Mafi kyawun harajin shigar da Mirrlees cikakken tsarin ƙa'idar ingantaccen harajin samun ci gaba ne ta wannan layin. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana tattalin arzikin siyasa da yawa sun tattauna ingancin ka'idar mafi kyawun haraji. '''Farashin''' Babban labarin: Yawan haraji An fi fitar da haraji a matsayin kashi, wanda ake kira ƙimar haraji. Bambanci mai mahimmanci lokacin magana game da ƙimar haraji shine bambance tsakanin ƙimar ƙima da ƙimar haraji mai tasiri. Matsakaicin ma'auni shine jimlar harajin da aka raba da jimillar adadin harajin da aka biya a kai, yayin da matsakaicin adadin shine adadin da aka biya akan dala na gaba na samun kudin shiga. Misali, idan ana biyan kuɗin shiga akan tsarin 5% daga $0 zuwa $50,000, 10% daga $50,000 zuwa $100,000, da 15% sama da $100,000, mai biyan haraji tare da samun kuɗin shiga na $175,000 zai biya jimillar $18,750 a haraji. Lissafin haraji (0.05*50,000) + (0.10*50,000) + (0.15*75,000) = 18,750 "Ƙari mai tasiri" zai kasance 10.7%: 18,750/175,000 = 0.107 Matsakaicin "ƙasa" zai zama 15%. ==Manazarta== f3i0h280md72zyjb0i69vphmsmszrko 0 89313 967042 962885 2026-10-13T02:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967042 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Kogin Bear''' wani yanki ne na Kogin Feather a cikin [[Nevada County, California|Nevada]]_(U.S.)" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sierra [[Nevada]] (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada, yana kewaye da yankuna huɗu na [[California]]: Yuba, Sutter, Placer, da Nevada . Kimanin kilomita 73 (kilomita 117) tsawo, kogin yana gudana gabaɗaya daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar Sierra sannan yamma ta hanyar Kwarin Tsakiya, yana zubar da ruwa mai zurfi na murabba'in kilomita (kilomitara 760). Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na Muhalli na California ya bada shawara mai aminci ga duk wani kifi da aka kama a cikin Kogin Bear saboda matakan mercury masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=OEHHA |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Bear River |url=https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/bear-river |access-date=November 6, 2018 |website=OEHHA}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Emigrant_Gap_-_Flickr_-_Joe_Parks.jpg|left|thumb|Ruwan ruwa a kwarin Bear, wanda aka gani daga Emigrant Gap]] Kogin Bear ya samo asali ne a Emigrant Gap, a matsayin karamin rafi a kan iyakar Nevada da Placer Counties a cikin Tahoe National Forest. Ruwan ruwa suna kan tudu nan da nan zuwa kudancin Kogin Yuba na Kudu da arewacin Kogin North Fork American. Kogin yana gudana zuwa yamma zuwa cikin kwarin Bear sannan ya shiga wani zurfi da kuma kunkuntar gorge, yana wucewa cikin al'ummar Dutch Flat. Ci gaba tare da layin Nevada-Placer County yana karɓar Steephollow Creek daga arewa kafin ya faɗaɗa zuwa cikin Rollins Reservoir, wanda aka kafa ta {{Convert|242|ft|m}} high Rollins Dam gabashin [[Chicago]] Park. Yayinda yake wani ɓangare na tafkin, kogin ya haɗu da Greenhorn Creek daga arewa. A ƙasa da madatsar ruwan kogin yana gudana daga kudu maso yamma ta hanyar tuddai na Sierra, bayan Colfax da Meadow Vista, ta hanyar Lake Combie da kuma gajeren amma mai tsawo a saman Garden Bar. Ba da daɗewa ba ya faɗaɗa zuwa Camp Far West Reservoir, inda ya fara bayyana iyakar Placer-Yuba County. Ƙarin yamma yana gudana cikin Kwarin Sacramento inda ya zama babban ambaliyar ruwa. Farawa a Wheatland ya zama iyakar Yuba da Sutter Counties. A 'yan mil a ƙasa da wannan batu yana karɓar Dry Creek daga arewa, sannan yana gudana cikin Kogin Feather a Nicolaus, mil 11 (18 sama da haɗuwar Feather tare da Kogin Sacramento mafi girma, kuma kimanin mil 20 (32 saboda kudancin Yuba City-Marysville. Tare da kwararar shekara-shekara na 410 cubic feet a kowace dakika (12 m a Wheatland, Bear shine mafi ƙanƙanta babban mai ba da gudummawa na Kogin Feather. Ruwan wata-wata yana daga 1,1 cubic feet a kowace dakika ( " data-ve-ignore="true">m a watan Maris zuwa 20 cubic feet da kowace dakika (0.57 m3/s). <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Surface Water data for USA: USGS Surface-Water Monthly Statistics |url=http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=11424000&amp;por_11424000_1=2209695,00060,1,1928-10,2014-10&amp;format=html_table&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov}}</ref> Saboda ruwan Kogin Bear yana da ƙananan tsawo idan aka kwatanta da sauran kogunan Sierra, ruwan sama, ba dusar ƙanƙara ba, shine babban tushen runoff. Har ila yau, yawan kwararar yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar madatsun ruwa da yawa a kan kogi. == Ilimin ƙasa == Kogin Bear an dauke shi rafi mara kyau, kamar yadda ya fi girma, kogin da ke cike da dusar ƙanƙara ya gudana ta hanyar tashinsa a zamanin d ̄ a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Awakening – Geology |url=http://bearriver.us/geology.php |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref> Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata saman Kogin Yuba na Kudu (sama da Tafkin Spaulding) ya gudana cikin Kogin Bear a Emigrant Gap . Fashin teku na rafi, mai yiwuwa ya taimaka da glaciation a lokacin Ice Ages, ya sa aka "kama" saman Bear a cikin ruwan Yuba zuwa arewa kuma ya rage Bear da kimanin kilomita 25 (40 a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Geomorphology |url=http://bearriver.us/docs/geomorph.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Bearriver.us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200243/http://people.cas.sc.edu/ajames/Research/Pubs/1James1995.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Hydraulic_mining_in_Dutch_Flat,_California,_between_1857_and_1870.jpg|right|thumb|Masu hakar ma'adinai na zinariya ta amfani da hakar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don tono wani dutse mai lalacewa tare da jets na ruwa a Dutch Flat, California, wani lokaci tsakanin 1857 da 1870.]] Yankin Kogin Bear ya daɗe yana gida ga mutanen Nisenan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nisenan |url=https://www.nisenan.org/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=Nisenan |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidansa yana cikin Ƙasar Zinariya ta California kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna masu arziki na karni na 19 na California Gold Rush . Manyan wuraren [[hakar ma'adinai]] a cikin kogin Bear sun hada da You Bet, Red Dog, Dutch Flat, Gold Run, Waloupa, Little York, da Chalk Bluff . Yawancin ƙasa a cikin kogin Bear sun canza sosai ta hanyar hakar ruwa. A You Bet da Red Dog an wanke "47,000,000 cubic yards (36,000,000 m3) na dutse mai ɗauke da zinariya; a Dutch Flat 105,000,000 cubic yadudduka (80,000,000 m3); kuma a Gold Run 128,000,000 cubic yard (98,000,000 m3). <ref name="McPhee2010">{{Cite book|last3=John McPhee}}</ref> == Injiniya == An yi amfani da Kogin Bear sosai kuma an karkatar da shi don ban ruwa, samar da ruwa na gida, da samar da wutar lantarki. Kogin ya karu sosai ta hanyar karkatarwa daga babban tafkin Kogin Yuba zuwa arewa, ta hanyar Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project da Yuba-Bear Hydroele Electric Project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yuba-Bear and Drum-Spaulding Hydroelectric Project |url=http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/yuba-bear-and-drum-spaulding-hydroelectric-project-relicensings |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Hdrinc.com |archive-date=October 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017093644/https://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/yuba-bear-and-drum-spaulding-hydroelectric-project-relicensings |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsohon, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1910s da farko don samar da wutar lantarki mallakar PG&amp;amp;E ne; Gundumar Ruwa ta Nevada (NID) ce ta gina ƙarshen a cikin 1960s. Kodayake ana amfani da ayyukan daban-daban guda biyu, tsarin rikitarwa na wasu tafkuna 40 a Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Kudancin Yuba da kuma kan Kogin Bear yana da alaƙa sosai, kuma yana aiki a matsayin ɗaya. {{Convert|200000|acre feet|km3}} <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> na ruwa daga Kogin Yuba yana shiga cikin Kogin Bear ta hanyar Drum Canal, wanda ramin tafkin Spaulding ke ciyar da shi. <ref name="schematic">{{Cite web |title=Modeling Schematic of Projects |url=http://www.eurekasw.com/NID/Project%20Maps%20and%20Figures/Yuba-Bear%20Project%20Flow%20Schematic%20and%20Fact%20Sheet/Yuba-Bear%20and%20Drum%20Spaulding%20Projects%20Schematic%20%28Modeling%20Version%29.pdf |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Eurekasw.com }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mafi girman madatsun ruwa a Kogin Bear suna a Dutch Flat Forebay da Dutch Flat Afterbay, duka ƙananan madatsun ruwa na karkatar da wutar lantarki. Ruwa daga kogin Bear na sama da Drum Canal suna wucewa ta waɗannan madatsun ruwa kuma suna fitar da wutar lantarki a Drum, Dutch Flat da Chicago Park. A ƙasan Gidan Wutar Wutar Lantarki na Chicago Park, a mahaɗin Greenhorn Creek, Rollins Dam ne ya kama kogin Bear, wanda ya samar da {{Convert|66000|acre feet|km3}} tafki. Tafkin yana tanadin ruwa don ban ruwa da wutar lantarki, kuma yana yin amfani da muhimmiyar manufar tarko da ruwa daga aikin hakar ma'adinan ruwa na farko a cikin babban kogin Bear. Kai tsaye a ƙasan Rollins Dam ya ta'allaka ne da Dam ɗin Diversion River, wanda ke karkatar da kusan {{Convert|290000|acre feet|km3}} na ruwa a kowace shekara a cikin Kogin Bear River Canal, wanda ke ba da dama ga al'ummomin karkara a cikin Placer County tsakanin Colfax da Auburn . <ref name="diversions">{{Cite web |title={title} |url=http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608110947/http://www.foothillswaternetwork.org/about%20us/interactive-journey/bear-summary.php |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2015}}</ref> Ruwan da ya wuce kima daga magudanar ruwa yana shiga rafin kogin Amurka ta wani gidan wuta a tafkin Folsom . <ref name="schematic"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River Canal has 150-plus year history |url=http://www.colfaxrecord.com/article/bear-river-canal-has-150-plus-year-history |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Colfaxrecord.com}}</ref> === Dam proposals === A watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, an bayyana aikin madatsar ruwa na Kogin Bear a karkashin binciken wani rukuni na gundumomin ruwa na waje. Gundumar Ruwa ta Kudu Sutter (Trowbridge), tare da biranen Napa, American Canyon, da Palmdale, Hukumar Ruwa ta Castaic Lake, da Gundumar ruwa ta San Bernardino Valley, sun ba da binciken farko game da sanya sabon madatsar ruwa a arewacin yanzu Camp Far West Reservoir da kudancin Combie da Rollins reservations da ke sama. Dam din zai kasance a cikin gundumar ruwa ta NID (Nevada Irrigation District) kuma zai ambaliya sassan Nevada County da Placer County. Za a gabatar da madatsar ruwan Garden Bar a wuraren da aka riga aka ware a matsayin wuraren kiyayewa da wuraren namun daji, kuma tafkin da ya haifar zai mamaye mazaunin namun daji da itacen oak da savannah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2011 |title=Controversy Mounts Around Proposed Garden Bar Dam on Bear River |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928032027/http://yubanet.com/regional/Controversy-Mounts-Around-Proposed-Garden-Bar-Dam-on-Bear-River.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch Comments on Bear River Dam Report |url=http://sierrafoothillsreport.com/2011/07/05/sierra-watch-comments-on-bear-river-dam-report/ |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Foothills Report }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear River, Map of proposed reservoir at Garden Bar |url=http://www.sierrawatch.org/preservation-campaigns/bear-river/index.html |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Sierra Watch }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2011 |title=Backers Up Garden Bar Dam Ante, Raising New Concerns |url=http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814164243/http://aquafornia.com/archives/52536 |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Aquafornia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2011 |title=Garden Bar Preliminary Study |url=http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331065424/http://gardenbarwater.com/documentsandnotices/documents.php |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |website=Documents & Notices |publisher=Gardenbarwater.com}}</ref> Saboda da cewa ruwan da zai cika babban tafkin da aka tsara (,000 zuwa 400,000 acre-feet (,000,000 zuwa 493,000,000 m3), bisa ga binciken, mafi girman zaɓi zai zama murabba'in kilomita 3 (7.8 )) an riga an rarraba shi don tabkuna na yanzu ta madatsun ruwa a kan Kogin Bear a Camp Far West, Combie, da Rollins, ainihin yiwuwar aikin yana da hasashe, kuma ya haifar da shakku game da ainihin manufar tayin. Wani bayani daga binciken ya ce"Rashin Ruwa: Rahoton ya amince da kasancewar "batutuwa da yawa da za a buƙaci warwarewa don tabbatar da kasancewar wannan ruwa da ikon isar da wani ɓangare na shi ta hanyar Delta, idan ana so. " Saboda rashin hujja na tattalin arziki da adawa daga ƙungiyar kiyayewa, Sierra Watch, amintattun ƙasa na gida, ranchers, da kwamitin masu kula da duka Placer da Nevada Counties, gundumar ruwa ta bar madatsar ruwan da aka tsara a watan Yulin 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2011 |title=Sierra Watch: South Sutter Water District Releases Bear River Dam Report |url=http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907125056/http://yubanet.com/regional/Sierra-Watch-South-Sutter-Water-District-Releases-Bear-River-Dam-Report.php |archive-date=September 7, 2011 |access-date=August 26, 2011 |publisher=Yuba Net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 15, 2011 |title=Nevada County joins Placer in opposing Garden Bar dam on Bear River |url=http://www.auburnjournal.com/article/nevada-county-joins-placer-opposing-garden-bar-dam-bear-river |access-date=May 31, 2018 |website=Auburn Journal.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2012 |title=Water district drops Garden Bar Dam proposal |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bear Yuba Land Trust :: Water District Drops Garden Bar Dam Proposal |url=http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608112500/http://www.bylt.org/index.php/about/news/current-news/water-district-drops-garden-bar-dam-proposal/ |archive-date=June 8, 2015 |access-date=January 30, 2015}}</ref> A cikin 2014, NID ta sake fitar da wani shiri don sabon dam/tafki akan Kogin Bear a wurin Parker, wanda ke saman tafkin Combie. Bayan amincewa, dam ɗin Centennial da aka tsara zai adana kusan {{Convert|112000|acre feet|km3}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=NID readies for new reservoir on Bear River |url=http://www.theunion.com/news/12801466-113/nid-parker-reservoir-scherzinger |access-date=January 20, 2018 |website=Theunion.com |archive-date=June 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610014543/http://www.theunion.com/news/12801466-113/nid-parker-reservoir-scherzinger |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ƙirƙiri kamfen na "Save the Bear, Stop Centennial" don adawa da shawarar da [[Jerin kungiyoyin muhalli na duniya|ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli]] masu zaman kansu, da Foothills Water Network da South River Citizens League (SYRCL), <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2018 |title=Peter Van Zant: Centennial Dam: A Long Road Ahead |url=https://www.theunion.com/opinion/columns/peter-van-zant-centennial-dam-a-long-road-ahead/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628044246/https://www.theunion.com/opinion/columns/peter-van-zant-centennial-dam-a-long-road-ahead/ |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> tare da goyon bayan sauran al'umma da kungiyoyin kiyayewa. kamar Sierra Watch. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2018 |title=Several groups question need for Centennial Dam |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/several-groups-question-need-for-centennial-dam/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2018 |title=NID's Centennial Dam project declared ineligible for state funding |url=https://www.theunion.com/news/local-news/nids-centennial-dam-project-declared-ineligible-for-state-funding/ |access-date=June 1, 2018 |website=The Union.}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin koguna na California == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dupygjyqmcb6vt74b0u90xonvrjhdqb 0 93863 967049 892298 2026-10-13T04:32:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Krystal Gabel''' (an Haife ta a watan Oktoba 14, 1984) ƴar fafutukar kare [[Ƴancin Kannabis|hakkin cannabis ne]] Ba'amurkiya, ƴar takara na dindindin, kuma marubuciya. Gabel, ƴar takarar gwamnan Nebraska a zaben 2018, tana da shekaru 33 ita ce mafi karancin shekaru a cikin adadin mata da suka yi takarar gwamna, a kasa. <ref> name="NationalJournal">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2017 |title=Marijuana Advocate Challenges Ricketts: Krystal Gabel will run as a Republican |url=https://www.nationaljournal.com/s/655733/marijuana-advocate-challenges-ricketts |website=[[National Journal]] |quote=Writer Krystal Gabel will challenge Gov. Pete Rickets (R) in the 2018 Republican primary. (Nebraska.TV) Gabel “previously ran for a seat on ...}}</ref> <ref> name="UofMLibraries">{{Cite web |last=Ostermeier, Dr. Eric |date=February 13, 2018 |title=2018 Cycle Finds Many Young Women Gubernatorial Hopefuls: Six women under 40 are currently seeking major party gubernatorial nominations this year |url=http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/02/13/2018-cycle-turns-out-many-young-women-gubernatorial-hopefuls/ |website=[[University of Minnesota Libraries]] |quote=The youngest is Republican Krystal Gabel of Nebraska. Gabel, 33, is slated to be the lone GOP challenger to incumbent Governor Pete Ricketts. ... she placed third out of four candidates in the general election for the Omaha Metropolitan Utilities District – 1.2 points shy of winning one of two seats. In 2017, at the age of 32, Gabel ran for Omaha's 2nd District City Council seat and placed third in the primary with 10.3 percent of the vote – 3.2 points shy of making it to the general election. Gabel will be 33 when she faces Ricketts in Nebraska's May primary and while some parts of her platform conform with traditional GOP principles (e.g. lowering taxes), a strong focus of her campaign is on cannabis}}</ref> A cikin 2020, Gabel ta tsaya takarar Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Nebraska a zaben fidda gwani [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|na Republican]] . <ref> name="2020ElectionResultsTelegram">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2020 |title=Lincoln and Nebraska results for the 2020 general election: Public Service Commission |url=https://columbustelegram.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/lincoln-and-nebraska-results-for-the-2020-general-election/collection_db5d2614-900f-586f-a250-ad1382e84de7.html#7 |website=[[Columbus Telegram]]}}</ref> Gabel ta jagoranci yunkurin koke na nasara don samun damar jefa kuri'a don reshen jam'iyyar marijuana na Nebraska Legal . <ref> name="LMNCertifiedOmahaWorldHerald">{{Cite web |last=Walton, Don |date=April 22, 2021 |title=Legal Marijuana Now Party gains ballot recognition in Nebraska |url=https://omaha.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/legal-marijuana-now-party-gains-ballot-recognition-in-nebraska/article_aa188849-7a8c-5cc1-8ab8-6467900a35dd.html |website=[[Omaha World-Herald]]}}</ref> <ref> name="Ganjapreneur">{{Cite web |last=Barfield, Lukas |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Legal Marijuana Now Becomes Official Political Party in Nebraska |url=https://www.ganjapreneur.com/legal-marijuana-now-officially-a-political-party-in-nebraska/ |website=Ganjapreneur |quote=“The voters of Nebraska have experienced many failed referendum petitions in the past and are currently witnessing a gridlocked Unicameral,” said Krystal Gabel, Legal Marijuana NOW's National Party Chair. “The process of obtaining ballot access with the LMN petition breaks a decades-long political stalemate with the State of Nebraska on the issue of cannabis.”}}</ref> Wani mazaunin Brush, Colorado, Gabel dan takarar magajin gari ne na Brush, a cikin 2021, da kuma Majalisar Birnin Brush, a cikin 2023. <ref> name="FortMorganTimes">{{Cite web |last=Olmstead, Maegan |date=August 11, 2021 |title=Two candidates announce their bids for mayor of Brush |url=https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2021/08/11/two-candidates-announce-their-bids-for-mayor-of-brush/ |website=[[Fort Morgan Times]] |quote=Krystal Gabel, an Independent, was the first to announce her candidacy for mayor. Gabel, 36 years old, states her goal as mayor is “to follow the Constitution, serve the people residing in Brush and focus on what the community needs to grow.” Her priorities are “to make the office work entirely for The People of Brush (and) build a viaduct on Clayton Street over the railroad for 24/7 passage to both sides of (the) city.” She also plans to “invite new businesses, tourism and medical and recreational dispensaries to reduce tax burden and create careers with good pay within (the) community.}}</ref> <ref name="FortMorganTimes23">{{Cite web |last=Reyez, Zant |date=September 10, 2023 |title=Krystal Gabel running for Brush City Council Ward 3 seat |url=https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2023/09/10/krystal-gabel-running-for-brush-city-council-ward-3-seat/ |website=[[Fort Morgan Times]] |quote=“Preparing for the future means we have to have some type of economic change that brings in funds so that us living here, retiring here, don't have to foot the bill. Someone else who has the money can.”}}</ref> == Farkon gwagwarmaya == [[Fayil:Krystal_Gabel_on_April_20,_2018.jpeg|right|thumb| Krystal Gabel a wani zanga-zanga a Omaha a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2018]] === Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW === A cikin 2015-2016, Gabel ya nemi Jam'iyyar Marijuana ta [[Nebraska]] don a amince da ita a hukumance ta jihar. <ref name="KETV7ABC">{{Cite web |last=Roberts, Dave |date=April 21, 2016 |title=Medical marijuana supporters organizing to get legalization on the ballot |url=http://www.ketv.com/article/medical-marijuana-supporters-organizing-to-get-legalization-on-the-ballot-1/7659661 |website=[[KETV]] |quote="We are finishing the signatures and just getting padding now,” said Krystal Gabel, a candidate for the M.U.D. Board.}}</ref> Domin yin zaben, sun bukaci sa hannun mutane 5,397 a fadin jihar. A cikin Yuli 2016, jam'iyyar ta juya sa hannun 9,000 ga Sakataren Gwamnati na Nebraska . Sai dai sakataren harkokin wajen kasar ya ce rabin sa hannun ba su da inganci, inda ya gaza 5,397 da ake bukata. <ref> name="Hub">{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2015 |title=Activists petition for Marijuana Party of Nebraska |url=http://www.kearneyhub.com/news/local/activists-petition-for-marijuana-party-of-nebraska/article_145bd004-297e-11e5-b171-33563e187610.html |website=[[Kearney Hub]]}}</ref> <ref> name="Petition Denied by Nebraska Secretary">{{Cite web |last=[[Associated Press]] |date=August 5, 2016 |title=Marijuana Party petition drive fails to result in ballot placement |url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/marijuna-party-petition-drive-fails-to-result-in-ballot-placement/article_3a6ed5f8-327f-5e7e-99dd-3af5260c6d83.html |website=[[Lincoln Journal Star]]}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Gabel da Mark Elworth sun canza sunan jam'iyyar Nebraska zuwa Marijuana ta Shari'a a YANZU, kuma a cikin Satumba 2016, sun fara zagaya koke don samun damar jefa kuri'a na 2020. <ref name="StarHerald">{{Cite web |last=Jordan, Spike |date=May 12, 2017 |title=Legalize Marijuana Now advocates petition to get pro-marijuana third-party on the ballot |url=http://www.starherald.com/news/local_news/legalize-marijuana-now-advocates-petition-to-get-pro-marijuana-third/article_2b9ce353-afad-5489-9675-6a1bd849d42e.html |website=Scottsbluff Star Herald}}</ref> Sun ce kungiyar ta yi shirin tara adadin sa hannun da ta gabatar a shekarar 2016 sau biyu, domin samun nasarar su. <ref>name="NorthPlatteBulletin">{{Cite web |last=Chitwood, Joe |date=July 12, 2017 |title=Pro-pot party petition drive reaches North Platte |url=http://www.northplattebulletin.com/index.asp?show=news&action=readStory&storyID=34348&pageID=3 |website=North Platte Bulletin |access-date=February 24, 2025 |archive-date=July 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717161138/http://www.northplattebulletin.com/index.asp?show=news&action=readStory&storyID=34348&pageID=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="2017 KETV7">{{Cite web |last=Ozaki, Andrew |date=September 29, 2017 |title=Medical marijuana advocates petition to form Nebraska political party |url=http://www.ketv.com/article/medical-marijuana-advocates-petition-to-form-nebraska-political-party/12664032 |access-date= |website=[[KETV]]}}</ref> === Dan takara mai zaman kansa === Gabel ya yi takara bai yi nasara ba a matsayin ɗan takara mai zaman kansa na Hukumar Makarantar Jama'a ta Omaha, a cikin 2016, da kuma magajin garin Lincoln, Nebraska, a cikin 2019. <ref>name="2017OmahaWorldHerald">{{Cite web |last=Burbach, Christopher |date=April 1, 2017 |title=Ben Gray faces crowded field in bid for City Council District 2 re-election |url=http://www.omaha.com/news/politics/city-election/ben-gray-faces-crowded-field-in-bid-for-city-council/article_863babbe-157b-11e7-87fa-e327d3411545.html |website=[[Omaha World-Herald]] |quote=If elected, Gabel said, she would advocate for legalization of cannabis in the city. She said the issue would attract more young people to vote and would be one source of something she said the city needs: "new tax revenue that doesn't affect working families or working individuals." Gabel ran for two elected offices in 2016: the Metropolitan Utilities District Board of Directors and the Omaha Public Schools Board. A longtime advocate for decriminalizing marijuana, Gabel is co-chair of Legal Marijuana Now Nebraska, an organization supporting medical marijuana legalization. |access-date=February 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210170538/https://omaha.com/news/politics/city-election/ben-gray-faces-crowded-field-in-bid-for-city-council/article_863babbe-157b-11e7-87fa-e327d3411545.html |archive-date=December 10, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="2019KFORNOW">{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2019 |title=Independent Candidate For Mayor Outlines Positions |url=https://www.kfornow.com/independent-candidate-for-mayor-outlines-positions/ |website=[[KFOR (AM)|KFOR]] |quote=“Our city spends hundreds of thousands of tax dollars each winter clearing snow from our streets, yet they are only half-plowed, the potholes are getting worse, and now officials are asking taxpayers for more money to throw at the problem.” Instead of using chemicals and plows, she says, power plant waste water would be diverted through a network of pipes installed under streets to melt snow and ice as it falls. She would provide free public transit for all residents “Not charging for the city bus is how Lincoln becomes more accessible and fair to all residents regardless of income. ... She contends more residents taking advantage of the free service would stimulate job creation, saying Cities that have implemented free bus services have seen ridership increase from 20 to 60 percent. She would decriminalize marijuana, would vote NO on the quarter-cent sales tax hike, zone for tiny homes, and lower the property tax levy to compensate for rises in property valuations. ... She would also Add an LGBTQ non-discrimination ordinance, promote more recycling, and provide more City support for electric vehicles}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Gabel ya sanya na uku cikin 'yan takara huɗu a cikin tseren kujeru biyu a gundumar Omaha Metropolitan Utilities District, 1.2 bisa dari na nasara. Kuma a cikin 2017, an sanya na uku a cikin firamare don majalisar birnin Omaha, 143 kuri'u daga yin shi zuwa babban zaben. <ref name="UofMLibraries">{{Cite web |last=Ostermeier, Dr. Eric |date=February 13, 2018 |title=2018 Cycle Finds Many Young Women Gubernatorial Hopefuls: Six women under 40 are currently seeking major party gubernatorial nominations this year |url=http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/02/13/2018-cycle-turns-out-many-young-women-gubernatorial-hopefuls/ |website=[[University of Minnesota Libraries]] |quote=The youngest is Republican Krystal Gabel of Nebraska. Gabel, 33, is slated to be the lone GOP challenger to incumbent Governor Pete Ricketts. ... she placed third out of four candidates in the general election for the Omaha Metropolitan Utilities District – 1.2 points shy of winning one of two seats. In 2017, at the age of 32, Gabel ran for Omaha's 2nd District City Council seat and placed third in the primary with 10.3 percent of the vote – 3.2 points shy of making it to the general election. Gabel will be 33 when she faces Ricketts in Nebraska's May primary and while some parts of her platform conform with traditional GOP principles (e.g. lowering taxes), a strong focus of her campaign is on cannabis}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOstermeier,_Dr._Eric2018">Ostermeier, Dr. Eric (February 13, 2018). [http://editions.lib.umn.edu/smartpolitics/2018/02/13/2018-cycle-turns-out-many-young-women-gubernatorial-hopefuls/ "2018 Cycle Finds Many Young Women Gubernatorial Hopefuls: Six women under 40 are currently seeking major party gubernatorial nominations this year"]. ''[[University of Minnesota Libraries]]''. <q>The youngest is Republican Krystal Gabel of Nebraska. Gabel, 33, is slated to be the lone GOP challenger to incumbent Governor Pete Ricketts. ... she placed third out of four candidates in the general election for the Omaha Metropolitan Utilities District – 1.2 points shy of winning one of two seats. In 2017, at the age of 32, Gabel ran for Omaha's 2nd District City Council seat and placed third in the primary with 10.3 percent of the vote – 3.2 points shy of making it to the general election. Gabel will be 33 when she faces Ricketts in Nebraska's May primary and while some parts of her platform conform with traditional GOP principles (e.g. lowering taxes), a strong focus of her campaign is on cannabis</q></cite></ref> <ref name="McCookGazette">{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2017 |title=Marijuana activist running for governor |url=http://www.mccookgazette.com/story/2430539.html |website=[[McCook Gazette]] |quote=In November 2016, Gabel advanced to the General Election for Metropolitan Utilities District (MUD), a race that spans three counties in the Omaha Metro area. She received approximately 86,000 votes and missed election by 1 percent of the vote. Most recently in the April 2017 Omaha City Primary, Gabel ran against the incumbent and six other candidates for the District 2 City Council seat. She missed moving to the General Election by 143 votes.}}</ref> === Dan takarar gwamna na jam'iyyar Republican === A cikin 2018, Gabel ya tsaya takarar gwamna na Nebraska a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Republican. Ta gudu a kan wani dandamali mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya hada da halatta wiwi. <ref name="LincolnJournalStar2017">{{Cite web |last=Walton, Don |date=December 27, 2017 |title=GOP governor candidate would decriminalize marijuana |url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/gop-governor-candidate-would-decriminalize-marijuana/article_e95a82aa-3bf1-5b5a-a8c3-b58582b1c1f5.html |website=[[Lincoln Journal Star]] |quote=Krystal Gabel of Omaha has filed as a Republican candidate for governor and will campaign for full decriminalization of marijuana possession by adults, along with providing a pardon for people in Nebraska convicted of nonviolent cannabis crimes. Gabel said legalization of marijuana could "generate billions in property, sales and income taxes via industrial hemp production." Nebraska could become "the country's primary manufacturer of hemp bioethanol and biodiesel," she said. Gabel said she would also push for creation of "a robust, easy-to-access medical cannabis program" in Nebraska. If elected, she said, she would support lower taxes for families, small businesses, farmers and ranchers while investing in green, renewable energy sources and protecting the state's natural resources. Gabel, a freelance writer and editor, said she volunteers her time now petitioning for legal marijuana in Nebraska and building a free-food community garden in South Omaha.}}</ref> Yakin Gabel na kawar da Gwamna Pete Ricketts ya jawo hankali daga wajen Nebraska saboda 'yan takarar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] ta Amurka, a cikin 2018, ba su goyi bayan sake fasalin dokar miyagun ƙwayoyi ba.<ref name="CannabisNowMagazine">{{Cite web |last=Corcione, Danielle |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Cannabis Activist Krystal Gabel Runs for Nebraska Governor: A cannabis activist in Nebraska is running for governor as a Republican. |url=https://cannabisnow.com/cannabis-activist-krystal-gabel-runs-nebraska-governor/ |website=Cannabis Now |quote=“We have a high independent population, who just need to be persuaded to participate in a primary,” Gabel said. “For me, to run Republican, it's about getting people out in the primary like Bernie did.”}}</ref><ref name="PanAmPost">{{Cite web |last=Fiallo, Mamela |date=January 5, 2018 |title=Candidata republicana a gobernadora de Nebraska propone despenalizar la marihuana por completo |url=https://panampost.com/mamela-fiallo/2018/01/05/candidata-republicana-a-gobernadora-de-nebraska-propone-despenalizar-la-marihuana-por-completo/ |website=[[PanAm Post]] |quote=The Republican party has been historically recognized as the conservative party in the US. The current Republican candidate for governor of the state of Nebraska invites us to question what that means. The candidate promises to completely decriminalize marijuana, both its medical and recreational use, while seeking to reduce the penalties of those who have been deprived of their liberty for consuming the plant. The candidate, Krystal Gabel, offers to build a stronger Nebraska. She argues that Nebraska has the ability to be a leader in the US in the cultivation and production of hemp products}}</ref> Gabel ta ce ta zaɓi yin takara a zaben fidda gwani a matsayin 'yar jam'iyyar Republican saboda buƙatar sa hannu don yin takara mai zaman kanta ba zai yiwu ba ga mutanen da ke da ma'aikata, kamar kanta.<ref name="SiouxCityJournal2018">{{Cite web |last=Hayworth, Bret |date=March 4, 2018 |title=Northwest Iowa native Krystal Gabel running for Nebraska governor on shoestring budget |url=https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/northwest-iowa-native-krystal-gabel-running-for-nebraska-governor-on/article_631e750c-c34e-55c3-b508-371e34f3f2c4.html |website=[[Sioux City Journal]] |quote="Republican voters deserve to have choice on their ballots, especially for the primary," she said. Running as an independent, she unsuccessfully sought an Omaha City Council seat in 2017. Gabel said she thought of running for governor as an independent, but said the state's political system makes it easier for Republican and Democratic candidates, as it would have taken more than 100,000 petition signatures to qualify for the ballot as a no-party candidate. Therefore, Gabel became a Republican, since she said that party dominates politics in Nebraska.}}</ref> Adadin mata da suka yi takarar neman manyan ofisoshi a Amurka, a cikin 2018, ciki har da mata shida ‘yan kasa da shekara 40 wadanda suka nemi takarar gwamna a jam’iyyar Democrat ko Republican. Gabel, yana da shekaru 33, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin waɗannan 'yan takara. Da an zabe ta, da Gabel ta zama mata mafi karancin shekaru da aka zaba a matsayin gwamna a tarihin Amurka, inda ta karya tarihi, a 2011 ta Nikki Haley, mai shekaru 38. Yin takara da dan takara a zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Republican Nebraska ya kasance mai tsayi, kuma Gabel ya sha kaye a ranar 15 ga Mayu, inda ya samu kashi 19 cikin dari, kuri'u 31,300. == Aikin 2020 == === Jam'iyyar Republican Nebraska === Gabel ya tsaya takarar Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Nebraska, a cikin 2020, kuma an sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani na Republican. Ta samu kuri'u 7,165, kashi 45 cikin dari. <ref name="2020ElectionResultsTelegram">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2020 |title=Lincoln and Nebraska results for the 2020 general election: Public Service Commission |url=https://columbustelegram.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/lincoln-and-nebraska-results-for-the-2020-general-election/collection_db5d2614-900f-586f-a250-ad1382e84de7.html#7 |website=[[Columbus Telegram]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://columbustelegram.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/lincoln-and-nebraska-results-for-the-2020-general-election/collection_db5d2614-900f-586f-a250-ad1382e84de7.html#7 "Lincoln and Nebraska results for the 2020 general election: Public Service Commission"]. ''[[Columbus Telegram]]''. December 16, 2020.</cite></ref> === Colorado MAGA Patriot Party === A farkon 2021, Gabel ya gabatar da takarda don kafa MAGA Patriot Party, mai hedikwata a Brush, Colorado. Gabel ya ce bangarori na uku suna daukaka mutane na yau da kullun ta hanyar samar da wata hanyar da talakawan [[Amurkawa|Amurka]] ke bukata ko dai su zama dan takara, ko kuma su zama masu sa kai. Kuma gasa ta wasu ƴan takara na ƙarfafa tsarin dimokuradiyya. <ref name="PatriotsPartyTheBurlingtonRecord">{{Cite web |last=Harvel, Jack |date=March 5, 2021 |title=New political party forming in Brush: Organizer says MAGA Patriot Party will seek to elevate regular people through politics, instead of party insiders |url=https://www.burlington-record.com/2021/03/05/new-political-party-forming-in-brush-2/ |website=[[Burlington Record]] |quote=The Colorado MAGA Patriot Party Chair, Krystal Gabel, has been involved in grassroots politics for years. She was the co-chair of Legal Marijuana Now, a third party out of Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska, and competed in the 2018 Nebraska Gubernatorial Republican Primary. “The MAGA Patriots Party really stemmed from our work there, and that the establishment, Democrats and Republicans alike, really don't represent the people. They're representing their party and the party's interests, which are special interests,” ... Gabel said the new party will seek to elevate real people through politics, rather than party insiders. ... Gabel said criticisms of third parties taking votes from either of the two major parties is framed poorly, and that additional voices would inevitably benefit the democratic process.}}</ref> === Legal Marijuana Yanzu Party === A ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2021, Legal Marijuana NOW ta sami karbuwa a hukumance a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa ta jihar Nebraska, tana samun damar jefa kuri'ar jam'iyyar ga 'yan takararsu, da barin Legal Marijuana NOW Party ta yi rajistar masu jefa kuri'a . <ref name="NebraskaCertifiedAssociatedPress">{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2021 |title='Legal Marijuana NOW' now recognized as a party in Nebraska |url=https://apnews.com/article/marijuana-nebraska-government-and-politics-e3d973afccfe0e7990373ded0e3ac28f |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> <ref name="StarHeraldNebraskaLmnOfficial">{{Cite web |last=Garcia, Justin |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Legal Marijuana NOW party makes pitch to area voters |url=https://starherald.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/legal-marijuana-now-party-makes-pitch-to-area-voters/article_e7038cf0-ec26-5ad5-bd48-7435f1a166fe.html |website=[[Star-Herald]] |quote=LMN would have the same ballot access as Democrats and Republicans in Nebraska. That means they could run candidates without having to write in names on a ballot. ... Despite the namesake policy position of LMN, Gabel said the party's goals are raising voter turnout and running pro-marijuana candidates. But securing LMN as a permanent fixture on Nebraska ballots must come first. “We have party ballot access for four years. In that time frame, we have to get 10,000 registered voters to become a permanent fixture on the ballot for upcoming elections,” ... Gabel said some of the party's strongest support comes from Nebraska's deep-red Third District. Gabel attributed the support to a general feeling of disenfranchisement in rural Nebraska.}}</ref> Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party a baya ta cancanci zama babbar jam'iyya a hukumance a jihar [[Minnesota]] a zaben Nuwamba 6, 2018, lokacin da dan takararsu na Mai binciken Jiha ya samu fiye da kashi 5 cikin dari. <ref name="UofM">{{Cite web |last=Octavio, Miguel |last2=Tarala, Kassidy |date=January 15, 2019 |title=Midterms boost influence of pro-cannabis political parties |url=http://mnadwatch.sjmc.umn.edu/2019/01/15/midterms-boost-influence-of-pro-cannabis-political-parties/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024010609/http://mnadwatch.sjmc.umn.edu/2019/01/15/midterms-boost-influence-of-pro-cannabis-political-parties/ |archive-date=October 24, 2019 |access-date=June 18, 2021 |website=[[University of Minnesota]]}}</ref> Gabel, wanda ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar Legal Marijuana Now Party daga 2021-2023, <ref name="Ganjapreneur">{{Cite web |last=Barfield, Lukas |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Legal Marijuana Now Becomes Official Political Party in Nebraska |url=https://www.ganjapreneur.com/legal-marijuana-now-officially-a-political-party-in-nebraska/ |website=Ganjapreneur |quote=“The voters of Nebraska have experienced many failed referendum petitions in the past and are currently witnessing a gridlocked Unicameral,” said Krystal Gabel, Legal Marijuana NOW's National Party Chair. “The process of obtaining ballot access with the LMN petition breaks a decades-long political stalemate with the State of Nebraska on the issue of cannabis.”}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBarfield,_Lukas2021">Barfield, Lukas (April 26, 2021). [https://www.ganjapreneur.com/legal-marijuana-now-officially-a-political-party-in-nebraska/ "Legal Marijuana Now Becomes Official Political Party in Nebraska"]. ''Ganjapreneur''. <q>"The voters of Nebraska have experienced many failed referendum petitions in the past and are currently witnessing a gridlocked Unicameral," said Krystal Gabel, Legal Marijuana NOW's National Party Chair. "The process of obtaining ballot access with the LMN petition breaks a decades-long political stalemate with the State of Nebraska on the issue of cannabis."</q></cite></ref> ya kasance dan takarar jam'iyyar Legal Marijuana Yanzu na Shugaban Amurka na 2024, amma ya janye kafin zaben fidda gwani . Duk da cewa ya janye, Gabel ya sami mafi yawan kuri'u a ranar 5 ga Maris. <ref name="ColoradoPublicRadio">{{Cite web |last=Estabrook, Rachel |last2=Warner, Ryan |date=January 29, 2024 |title='Don’t vote for me,' says Colorado woman on Minnesota's presidential primary ballot |url=https://www.cpr.org/2024/01/29/colorado-woman-on-minnesotas-2024-presidential-primary-ballot/ |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=[[Colorado Public Radio]]}}</ref> === Colorado dan takara mai zaman kanta === Gabel ya tsaya takarar magajin gari na Brush, Colorado a cikin 2021, da kuma Ward 3 Brush City Council, a cikin 2023. <ref name="FortMorganTimes">{{Cite web |last=Olmstead, Maegan |date=August 11, 2021 |title=Two candidates announce their bids for mayor of Brush |url=https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2021/08/11/two-candidates-announce-their-bids-for-mayor-of-brush/ |website=[[Fort Morgan Times]] |quote=Krystal Gabel, an Independent, was the first to announce her candidacy for mayor. Gabel, 36 years old, states her goal as mayor is “to follow the Constitution, serve the people residing in Brush and focus on what the community needs to grow.” Her priorities are “to make the office work entirely for The People of Brush (and) build a viaduct on Clayton Street over the railroad for 24/7 passage to both sides of (the) city.” She also plans to “invite new businesses, tourism and medical and recreational dispensaries to reduce tax burden and create careers with good pay within (the) community.}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOlmstead,_Maegan2021">Olmstead, Maegan (August 11, 2021). [https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2021/08/11/two-candidates-announce-their-bids-for-mayor-of-brush/ "Two candidates announce their bids for mayor of Brush"]. ''[[Fort Morgan Times]]''. <q>Krystal Gabel, an Independent, was the first to announce her candidacy for mayor. Gabel, 36 years old, states her goal as mayor is "to follow the Constitution, serve the people residing in Brush and focus on what the community needs to grow." Her priorities are "to make the office work entirely for The People of Brush (and) build a viaduct on Clayton Street over the railroad for 24/7 passage to both sides of (the) city." She also plans to "invite new businesses, tourism and medical and recreational dispensaries to reduce tax burden and create careers with good pay within (the) community.</q></cite></ref> <ref name="FortMorganTimes23"/> Yayin yakin neman zabe a watan Satumba, 2023, Gabel ya shiga cikin wata arangama da wani mazaunin garin. Jami’an ‘yan sandan Brush Cadet Raymond Wells, wanda aka kira wurin da lamarin ya faru, ya dakile lamarin, kuma daga karshe ba a gabatar da wani laifi a lamarin ba. Gabel da maƙwabcinsu sun yarda da juna don kauce wa juna, suna ci gaba. <ref name="FortMorganTimes23number2">{{Cite web |last=Reyez, Zant |date=October 18, 2023 |title=Brush City Council candidate threatened by resident while canvassing in neighborhood in September: BPD says case is closed; no criminal act committed |url=https://www.fortmorgantimes.com/2023/10/18/brush-city-council-candidate-threatened-by-resident-while-canvassing-in-neighborhood-in-september/ |website=[[Fort Morgan Times]] |quote=Gabel said, "He felt threatened in his home when I was on his porch and so [Brush Police Department] chose to protect him."}}</ref> == Ra'ayin Siyasa == Gabel yana goyan bayan halaltaccen marijuana don amfani da magani da marasa magani. A cikin 2017, yayin yakin neman zaben gwamna, Gabel ya ce, "Na yi imani… Gwamna Pete Ricketts na yanzu yana aikata laifin tabar wiwi da lalata da kuma lalata rayuwar 'yan Nebraskan da yawa. … Ina so a zabe ni domin siyasar jiharmu da dokokinmu su bauta wa Nebraskan kuma su kare haƙƙinsu, ba laifi ko hana su yin rayuwa mai kyau ba.” <ref name="Le Mars Sentinel">{{Cite web |last=Fickett, Kim |date=October 11, 2017 |title=Akron native vies for governor seat |url=http://www.lemarssentinel.com/story/2451244.html |website=Le Mars Sentinel |quote=Gabel is a 2005 graduate from Briar Cliff University and holds a bachelor of arts degree in writing. Her mom is Sue Baack-Gabel from Le Mars, and dad is Rick Gabel of Akron. Gabel currently resides in Omaha and is a professional writer who is employed as a technical writer at ACI Worldwide, Inc. in Elkhorn. }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Gabel yana goyan bayan sake fasalin gidan yari, kuma zai yafe wa mutanen da aka yanke musu hukunci a baya don laifukan cannabis marasa tashin hankali. <ref name="LincolnJournalStar2017"/> <ref name="NebraskaRadioNetwork">{{Cite web |last=Loizzo, Mike |date=December 29, 2017 |title=Gabel for Governor campaign files to challenge Gov. Ricketts in GOP Primary |url=https://nebraskaradionetwork.com/2017/12/29/gabel-for-governor-campaign-files-to-challenge-gov-ricketts-in-gop-primary/ |website=Nebraska Radio Network |quote=Krystal Gabel says she is running a grassroots campaign based on government transparency, prison reform, and job creation. "Nebraskans really want an executive leader who serves, protects, and who respects their rights and freedoms as granted to them by the Constitution. ... Nebraskans also want prison reform. They want to see their money being spent, instead, on education and rehabilitation programs." }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta goyi bayan dokokin kare [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|haƙƙin LGBTQ]] . <ref name="2019KFORNOW"/> === Tattalin Arziki === A lokacin yakin neman zabe na 2017 da 2018, Gabel ya ki amincewa da kara [[haraji]] ga iyalai da kuma daidaikun mutane masu aiki. <ref name="UofMLibraries"/> <ref name="JournalStar2017Gabel">{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2017 |title=Omaha writer, marijuana advocate announces bid for governor as Republican |url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/omaha-writer-marijuana-advocate-announces-bid-for-governor-as-republican/article_1ff4b6c8-9235-5fba-a27b-9293329c118a.html |website=[[Lincoln Journal Star]] |quote=Gabel's platform includes addressing the state's tax dilemma by "making Nebraska the primary producer and manufacturer of hemp biofuel and biodiesel." She would support a medical marijuana program for use by adult patients, child patients with permission from a guardian and veterans with a medical card. As governor, she would reinvest in the state's public K-12 educational system.}}</ref> Ta ce kudaden shiga daga samar da hemp na masana'antu da sabbin masana'antu da aka samar da masu amfani da cannabis za su karfafa tattalin arzikin. <ref name="KFMTFMNews">{{Cite web |last=Swanson, Dan |date=September 9, 2017 |title=Governor Candidate Rallies Support For Industrial Hemp |url=http://www.thebestmix1055.com/featured-news/governor-candidate-rallies-support-for-industrial-hemp/ |website=[[KFMT-FM]] |quote="When I talk about hemp, I'm not just talking about hemp in our farm fields. I'm talking about us, as a workforce in this state, being able to produce products grown here, made here, sold here, so the money stays here." Gabel said Nebraska voters are increasingly seeking political candidates that share their values and are seeking solutions to issues Nebraskans have in common. Gabel: "It comes to issues. When you have issues that Nebraskans look up every day or are interested in, they are going to trust you. It's not about money anymore. They are starting to learn that money in politics actually is greed in politics." }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="2018NorfolkDailyNews">{{Cite web |last=Harris, Kathryn |date=April 18, 2018 |title=Ricketts facing challenger in Republican primary |url=http://norfolkdailynews.com/news/ricketts-facing-challenger-in-republican-primary/article_1531be66-4317-11e8-ac48-d7d162a2bfd5.html |website=[[Norfolk Daily News]] |quote=Gabel said she would like to expand the state's economy by legalizing medical cannabis and industrial hemp farming, which is another of Gabel's top priorities in the election. "Thousands of Nebraska patients are driving every month to purchase their natural medicine from Colorado," she said. "Nebraska farmers are losing money on each acre of biotechnology corn and soybeans they harvested this past fall." In addition to education and legalizing cannabis, Gabel said she believes it is a priority to serve, protect and respect the rights and freedoms of all Nebraskans.}}</ref> === Ilimi === Gabel ya nuna adawa da zabin makaranta yana mai cewa hakan yana cutar da ilimin al'umma . <ref name="NationalReviewGOP">{{Cite web |last=Hess, Frederick |last2=Gallo, Sofia |date=March 13, 2018 |title=GOP Gubernatorial Candidates Need to School Themselves on Education Policy |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/03/republican-governor-candidates-must-improve-education-policy-positions/ |website=[[National Review]] |quote=The only issue to muster support from even half of GOP candidates is school choice. Forty of the 75 candidates who addressed education on their websites mentioned choice, with 38 of those supportive and two – Steve Barlock of Colorado and Krystal Gabel of Nebraska – explicitly opposed on the grounds that they believe it hurts public education.}}</ref> Gabel yana goyan bayan faffadan K-12 da tallafin ilimi mafi girma, yana kiran shi saka hannun jari mai hikima. A shekarar 2018, ta ce, “Idan har jihar ba ta gyara kasafin kudinta ba domin ta biya wa makarantun gwamnati gaba daya, makarantunmu za su gaza, dalibai da masu biyan haraji za su kara biyan kudin ilimi, sannan garuruwan kwalejojinmu za su koma garuruwan fatalwa. Na yi imani da gaske cewa dalar harajin Nebraska ya kamata ta shiga cikin saka hannun jari na gaba-gaba wanda ke baiwa Nebraskans dama mafi kyawu." <ref name="KFMTFMNews"/> <ref name="2018NorfolkDailyNews"/> Gabel ya bayar da hujjar cewa rage tallafin jihohi don ilimi zai haifar da ƙarin haraji na gida. <ref name="KFMTFMNews" /> === Muhalli === Mai goyon bayan al'ummomin sharar gida da makamashi mai dorewa, Gabel zai bar [[manoma]] su shuka hemp don samar da man fetur na biodiesel . <ref name="KTIVNews">{{Cite web |last=Norquist, Carl |date=December 27, 2017 |title=Krystal Gabel enters Nebraska Governor race |url=http://www.ktiv.com/story/37149565/2017/12/Wednesday/krystal-gabel-enters-nebraska-governor-race |website=[[KTIV]] |quote=Her platform consists of decriminalizing cannabis for adults and revisiting laws which penalize those who possess cannabis. She also would like to invest in green renewable energy sources, fund education, reform prisons, and introduce rehabilitation programs. |access-date=February 24, 2025 |archive-date=December 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228061243/http://www.ktiv.com/story/37149565/2017/12/Wednesday/krystal-gabel-enters-nebraska-governor-race |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abokin hamayyarta a zaben 2018, Gwamna Ricketts, ya nuna adawa da ba da izinin noman hemp a cikin jihar, kuma a maimakon haka ya goyi bayan Nebraska na yanzu, binciken hemp na tushen jami'a . <ref name="NetNebraska2018">{{Cite web |last=Knapp, Fred |date=May 2, 2018 |title=Krystal Gabel challenging Gov. Pete Ricketts For Republican Nomination |url=http://netnebraska.org/article/news/1127546/krystal-gabel-challenging-gov-pete-ricketts-republican-nomination |website=[[NET Nebraska]] |quote="This is the way to get medical in the state – industrial hemp. Pete Ricketts needs to go if we want that. He means 'no' to that," she said. Ricketts' campaign declined to make him available for this story. But in an email, the campaign confirmed Ricketts supports the current, university-based industrial hemp research. The governor has consistently opposed legislative efforts to legalize medical marijuana at the state level. |access-date=February 24, 2025 |archive-date=January 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108142222/http://netnebraska.org/article/news/1127546/krystal-gabel-challenging-gov-pete-ricketts-republican-nomination |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gabel ya yarda da sake rubuta dokokin yanki wanda ke hana ƙananan gidaje, yana goyan bayan amfani da motocin lantarki, yana ba da shawarar tsarin tituna masu zafi ta hanyar amfani da ruwan sharar wutar lantarki, ya yi imanin sabis ɗin bas na birni kyauta zai haifar da samar da ayyukan yi. <ref name="2019KFORNOW"/> <ref name="HicksLincolnJournalStar">{{Cite web |last=Hicks, Nancy |date=October 26, 2018 |title=Marijuana activist Krystal Gabel to run for Lincoln mayor |url=https://journalstar.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/marijuana-activist-krystal-gabel-to-run-for-lincoln-mayor/article_83a39bbe-8308-5cfa-be69-5d010d2a4244.html |website=[[Lincoln Journal Star]] |quote=Krystal Gabel, a marijuana legalization activist, has announced she is a candidate for Lincoln mayor. In a news release, Gabel outlined a lengthy platform that includes legalizing cannabis possession in the city limits, working to become a zero-waste community, rezoning to allow tiny homes and providing free bus service citywide. Gabel, 34, is registered as a nonpartisan. She said young adults need to step up and come up with new solutions to politics, and that political parties aren't working.}}</ref> === Kiwon lafiya === Gabel yana goyan bayan kiwon lafiya mai araha, ingantattun ayyukan tashin hankalin gida, gyaran inshorar lafiya . <ref name="McCookGazette"/> <ref name="Le Mars Sentinel"/> A cikin 2018, ta ce shawarwarin rage kudaden jama'a don Tsare-tsaren Iyaye za su cutar da daidaikun mutane da iyalai, da talakawa masu aiki. <ref name="NetNebraska2018"/> A cikin 2018, Gabel ya ce haramcin Nebraska kan cannabis na likitanci yana haifar da marasa lafiya da ke fita daga jihar don siyan magani " na halitta ". <ref name="2018NorfolkDailyNews"/> Tun da farko, a cikin 2017, Gabel ya zargi Ricketts da hana marasa lafiya zaɓi don kula da lafiyarsu. Gabel ya ce marijuana ba ta da haɗari kamar opioids, da sauran magunguna, waɗanda likitoci suka tsara. <ref name="KFMTFMNews"/> === Tsaron jama'a === Wata mai kare hakki na farko da na biyu na Amurka, Gabel ta ce idan aka zabe ta za ta sake duba dokokin da suka tarar, hukunta su, daure su, da hukunta mutanen da suka mallaki tabar wiwi, ta kuma ce ta yi imanin cewa abu ne mai muhimmanci a yi hidima, da kare da mutunta duk wani hakki na mutane. <ref name="McCookGazette"/> <ref name="2018NorfolkDailyNews"/> Gabel ta ce za ta inganta kudade don shirye-shiryen farfado da muggan kwayoyi. <ref name="KTIVNews"/> Gabel ta ce tana daraja amanar da aka kirkira ta hanyar fahimtar dabi'u gama gari da kowa ya raba, kuma matakin kawo karshen haramcin zai taimaka wajen sake tabbatar da amincewar jama'a . <ref name="KFMTFMNews"/> === Adalci na zamantakewa === A zaben gwamnan Nebraska na 2018, Gabel ya ce jama'a ne ke son tafiyar da gwamnati, ba manyan mutane ba. Ta ce, "An tsara ofishin gwamna don zama na kowa a Nebraskan." <ref name="2018NorfolkDailyNews"/> Gabel ta gudanar da yakin neman zabenta akan kasafin kasa da $5,000. Ricketts ya ba da rahoton tara dala 600,000 don gudanar da yakin neman zabensa, da $1.7&nbsp;miliyan tsabar kudi. <ref name="SiouxCityJournal2018"/> <ref name="NetNebraska2018"/> Dandalin Gabel ya haɗa da gina shirin Manoman Farko don daidaikun mutane, iyalai, ƙananan kasuwanci, makiyaya, manoma. <ref name="McCookGazette"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Gabel, wanda ya sauke karatu daga Akron – Westfield Senior High School yana da shekaru 17, kuma yana da digiri a rubuce daga Jami'ar Briar Cliff a Sioux City, Iowa, ya yi aikin lambun al'umma kyauta a Kudancin Omaha, Nebraska . <ref name="LincolnJournalStar2017"/> <ref name="SiouxCityJournal2018"/> Gabel ya girma a Akron, Iowa, ya zauna a Nebraska a lokacin 2010s, kuma ya koma [[Colorado]] a cikin 2020. <ref name="Le Mars Sentinel"/> == Takarar siyasa == Gabel ya yi gudu sau da yawa don ofisoshin daban-daban, ciki har da: * Hukumar Makarantun Jama'a ta Omaha, yanki na 1, da Gundumar Utilities, a cikin 2016 * Majalisar Birnin Omaha, Gundumar 2, a cikin 2017 * Gwamnan Nebraska a cikin 2018 * Magajin garin Lincoln, Nebraska, a cikin 2019 * Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Nebraska, Gundumar 2, a cikin 2020 * Magajin garin Brush, Colorado, a cikin 2021 * Majalisar Birnin Brush, Ward 3, a cikin 2023 == Kara karantawa == * Roberts, Dave (Afrilu 21, 2016) [http://www.ketv.com/article/medical-marijuana-supporters-organizing-to-get-legalization-on-the-ballot-1/7659661 Magoya bayan marijuana na likitanci suna shirya don samun halatta akan katin zabe] KETV 7 Labaran ABC * Walton, Don (Disamba 27, 2017) [http://journalstar.com/news/local/gop-governor-candidate-would-decriminalize-marijuana/article_e95a82aa-3bf1-5b5a-a8c3-b58582b1c1f5.html Dan takarar gwamna na GOP zai lalata marijuana] ''Lincoln Journal Star'' * Hayworth, Bret (Maris 4, 2018) [http://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/northwest-iowa-native-krystal-gabel-running-for-nebraska-governor-on/article_631e750c-c34e-55c3-b508-371e34f3f2c4.html Krystal Gabel ɗan asalin Iowa na Arewa maso yamma yana neman gwamnan Nebraska akan kasafin kuɗin takalmi na] ''Sioux City Journal'' * Knapp, Fred (Mayu 2, 2018) [http://netnebraska.org/article/news/1127546/krystal-gabel-challenging-gov-pete-ricketts-republican-nomination Krystal Gabel yana kalubalantar Gwamna Pete Ricketts na Republican] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108142222/http://netnebraska.org/article/news/1127546/krystal-gabel-challenging-gov-pete-ricketts-republican-nomination |date=2020-01-08 }} NET Nebraska == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] smeu58lp6td4qa2bo1m83pg1ye31fq9 0 96609 966834 722143 2026-10-12T13:55:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joan Carol Warnow-Blewett''' (née Nelson) (11 ga Disamba, 1931 - 30 ga Mayu, shekara ta 2006) <ref> name="TandyJWarnow-FamilyHistoryPage">{{Cite web |title=Family |url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501103313/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |archive-date=1 May 2016 |access-date=3 August 2016 |website=Tandy J. Warnow}}</ref> ta kasance mai adana bayanai na Amurka kuma memba ce ta ma'aikatan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Amurka (AIP) na tsawon shekaru 32. <ref> name="AIP-History-2008">{{Cite web |title=History That Matters: Joan Warnow-Blewett |url=http://www.aip.org/history/historymatters/warnow.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202204155/http://www.aip.org/history/historymatters/warnow.htm |archive-date=2 December 2008 |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=[[American Institute of Physics]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Warnow-Blewett ga iyayen David Nelson da Edith Nelson (née Sjölander), baƙi na Amurka waɗanda aka haifa a [[Sweden]].<ref> name="Sjolander-Mother-Memorial-2006">{{Cite web |last=Sjölander |first=Kimmen |title=Joan Nelson Warnow Blewett (1931–2006) – PhyloFacts |url=http://phylogenomics.berkeley.edu/kimmen/mormor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402062944/http://phylogenomics.berkeley.edu/kimmen/mormor |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=Phylogenomics at Berkeley}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1965, an hayar Warnow-Blewett a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Amurka (AIP) a matsayin Mai Gidan Gida na Niels Bohr Library. A shekara ta 1974, an kara ta zuwa Mataimakin Darakta na Cibiyar Tarihin Physics. <ref> name="STAMAMailingList-Retirement-1997">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Joe |date=12 December 1997 |title=Joan Warnow-Blewett Retires |url=http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/asa/stama/mail/msg00173.html |access-date=3 August 2016 |website=Science, Technology and Medicine Archives (STAMA) Mailing List |publisher=Australian Society of Archivists}}</ref> Daga 1986 zuwa 1989, ta kasance memba na majalisa na Society of American Archivists. <ref> name="SAALeadership-WarnowBlewett">{{Cite web |title=History of SAA Leadership: Joan Warnow-Blewett 1986–89, American Institute of Physics |url=http://www2.archivists.org/history/leaders/council-members#.V6Kq65MrLXG |access-date=2 August 2016 |website=[[Society of American Archivists]]}}</ref> == Gudummawa ga hadin gwiwar kimiyya == Ayyukan Warnow-Blewett sun kasance masu tasiri sosai a kan littafin, Structures of Scientific Collaboration by Wesley Shrum, Joel Genuth and Ivan Chompalov . Farawa a shekara ta 1989, ta tara ƙungiyar fannoni da yawa ciki har da kimiyyar zamantakewa, tarihi da tarihin tarihi. Wannan ƙungiyar ta tattara bayanai game da haɗin gwiwar kimiyya 60 a cikin shekaru goma. Sun tsara tambayoyin tare da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa don ƙirƙirar babban bayanan da ke rufe jigogi kamar "ƙirƙirar da aiki; da batutuwan ƙwarewa, yanke shawara, dab'u, ƙididdigar ƙira, kayan aiki, kuɗi kuma, ba shakka, rabon kuɗi. "<ref>name="AmericanScientist-StudyingBigScience-2008">{{Cite journal |last=Hoddeson |first=Lillian |date=March 2008 |title=Studying Big Science |url=https://www.americanscientist.org/article/studying-big-science |journal=[[American Scientist]] |volume=96 |issue=2 |page=168 |doi=10.1511/2008.70.168 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713143431/https://www.americanscientist.org/article/studying-big-science |archive-date=2021-07-13 |access-date=2025-03-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Warnow-Blewett ta yi aure sau uku. Aure na farko, wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1964, ya kasance ga mai kirkiro Morton Warnow, tare da shi ta haifi 'ya'ya uku. A shekara ta 1983, ta auri masanin kimiyyar lissafi John Paul Blewett kuma ta auri Blewett har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2000. <ref> name="FamilySearch-CAMarriageIndex-1983">{{Cite web |date=8 June 1983 |title=Joan Nelson mentioned in the record of John P Blewett and Joan Nelson |url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V6JH-YQS |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=[[FamilySearch]]}}</ref> Aure na uku ya kasance ga masanin tarihin kimiyyar lissafi, Martin Klein. <ref name="TandyJWarnow-FamilyHistoryPage">{{Cite web |title=Family |url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501103313/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |archive-date=1 May 2016 |access-date=3 August 2016 |website=Tandy J. Warnow}}</ref> Tana da 'ya'ya uku: Paul Warnow, Kimmen Sjolander, da Tandy Warnow. <ref name="TandyJWarnow-FamilyHistoryPage" /> Warnow-Blewett ya mutu a Alamo, California, a ranar 30 ga Mayu, ashekara ta 2006. <ref> name="TandyJWarnow-FamilyHistoryPage">{{Cite web |title=Family |url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501103313/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~tandy/family.html |archive-date=1 May 2016 |access-date=3 August 2016 |website=Tandy J. Warnow}}</ref><ref> name="FamilySearch-US-SSDI-2006">{{Cite web |date=30 May 2006 |title=Joan N Blewett United States Social Security Death Index |url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JGFZ-Q4W |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=[[FamilySearch]]}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Tsakanin 1970 da 2001, Warnow-Blewett ya buga ayyuka 60 a cikin wallafe-wallafe 105. Ta ci gaba da bugawa bayan da ta yi ritaya daga AIP a watan Agustan shekara ta 1997. <ref> name="OCLC-WorldCatIdentities">{{Cite web |title=Warnow-Blewett, Joan 1931– |url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79039180/ |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=WorldCat Identities |publisher=[[OCLC]]}}</ref> * <ref> name="AIP-History-StudyMultiInstCollabs">{{Cite web |title=Study of Multi-Institutional Collaborations |url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/study-multi-institutional-collaborations |access-date=4 August 2016 |website=[[American Institute of Physics]]}}</ref> *   *   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] 5rg5xj8gegt8qsm9s675rjznkl2vfsk 0 102811 967013 909732 2026-10-12T22:45:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Egypt,_Elderly_Woman,_Thebes_(9817463036).jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Mummy na Katebet a [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya]]]] {{Hiero|Katebet{{sfn|Porter|Moss|1964|p=827}}|<hiero>kA:t-b-t-B1</hiero>|align=right}}'''Katebet''' wata firist ce ta tsohuwar Masar a haikalin Karnak a [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes, Misira]] . Ta rike taken "Chantress of Amun".{{Sfn|EA6665: Human mummy|2025}} An gano akwatin gawa da mummy na Katebet a Thebes. Ta mutu a lokacin marigayi Na goma sha takwas ko farkon goma sha tara na Daular Masar.{{Sfn|Taylor|2010}} Binciken radiyo na jikinta ya nuna cewa ta tsufa a lokacin da ta mutu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mummy of Katebet |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/mummy-of-katebet/nQEowMLSfsH49g?hl=en |access-date=7 November 2024 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Taylor|2010}} Ta rasa kusan dukkanin hakora, kuma tana da cututtukan jini a cikin kashin baya.{{Sfn|Dawson|Gray|1968}} A cikin 1835, an samo ta a gwanjo daga Sotheby's ta Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tarin na uku da masanin kimiyyar Masar da masanin tarihi Henry Salt suka tattara.{{Sfn|Taylor|2014}} Siffar gashin gashi da matsayin hannayen da aka haye a kan kirji ba sabon abu ne ga akwatunan mata a Misira ta Dā. Don haka, an yi la'akari da cewa an tsara akwatinta ne don binne mutum, kuma an sake amfani da shi don Katebet. == Akwatin gawa == [[Fayil:Egyptian_Coffins_(35792495373).jpg|thumb|Akwatin Katebet (dama) ]] Akwatin Katebet misali ne na farko na akwati mai sauƙi "yellow"-type, salon da ya bunkasa zuwa ƙarshen Daular goma sha takwas, maye gurbin akwatunan gawa tare da ƙirar baki.{{Sfn|Ikram|Dodson|1998}} Rufin akwatin gawa ya nuna ta tana sanye da kunnuwa, ƙuƙwalwa, wuyan hannu mai faɗi, mundaye, da wuyan wuyan wuyansa.{{Sfn|Andrews|1997}} Da ke ƙasa akwai babban shafi na rubutun hieroglyphic da kuma layi uku na kwance; sararin da ke tsakanin ya cika da adadi na alloli na jana'iza. A ƙarƙashin akwatin gawa, an nuna ƙafafunta marasa sutura suna fitowa daga gefen fararen tufafi.{{Sfn|van Walsem|2014}} An yi amfani da akwatinta ne da farko ga namiji, saboda gashin gashi da aka sassaka shine salon namiji; daga baya aka canza shi zuwa gashin gashin mata tare da fenti.{{Sfn|Cooney|2018}} Wannan na iya zama saboda Katebet ta karɓi akwatin daga wani mutum, watakila mijinta, ko kuskuren da aka yi yayin gina akwatin, saboda babu wani matani da ke nuna alamun canji.{{Sfn|Bettum|2018}}{{Sfn|Cooney|2018}} == Masks da kayan binnewa == Katebet ta kai da kirji an rufe su da wani mummy mask da aka yi da cartonnage tare da katako makamai.{{Sfn|Taylor|2010}} Fuskar abin rufe fuska tana da zinariya. An nuna ta tana sanye da fararen tufafi da kayan ado.{{Sfn|Cooney|2023}} Abin rufe fuska ba sabon abu ba ne saboda ya haɗa da hannayenta, da kuma hannayenta masu buɗewa tare da yatsunsu daban-daban.{{Sfn|Ikram|Dodson|1998}} yatsunsu suna sanye da zobba na ainihi da aka yi da duwatsu masu daraja kamar Carnelian. Ana fentin mundaye a wuyan hannu.{{Sfn|Budge|1904}} An sanya wasu abubuwa da yawa a jikinta. A kirjinta a ƙarƙashin abin rufe fuska akwai ƙirji tare da tsakiya na tsakiya. Da ke ƙasa akwai wani, ƙaramin kirji; an sanya siffar ushabti a kan gwiwoyinta.{{Sfn|Budge|1904}} Kamar, akwatin gawa, waɗannan abubuwa ba a yi musu ba.{{Sfn|Taylor|2010}} Bambancin da kuma sanya wadannan kayan jana'izar ya haifar da shawarar cewa taron ya kunshi abubuwa da yawa na shekaru daban-daban a karni na sha tara.{{Sfn|Ikram|Dodson|1998}} == Mummy == Katebet ta murfin tana da tsawon 5.5 ft (1.7 m) . Rufinta yana da ƙuƙwalwa da yawa na masana'anta, waɗanda aka taɓa canzawa amma tun daga lokacin sun ɓace zuwa launin ruwan kasa. Tana tsaye a bayanta tare da hannayenta da aka miƙa kuma hannayenta suna kwance a kan yankin pubic. Wataƙila mummification dinta ya kasance mai sauƙi, saboda ba a cire kwakwalwarta ba, kuma an yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na abin da ya zama laka gawar. Kamar dai an cire gabobinta. Sternum dinta da wasu haƙarƙarin ta sun rabu; tana da kashin baya mai lankwasawa (scoliosis). Zobba tare da murabba'in bezel yana nan a yatsan zoben hagu. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} ===Aiyukan da aka saka=== * {{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Carol |title=Ancient Egyptian Jewelry |date=1997 |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8109-2677-6 |edition=Paperback |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientegyptianj0000andr/page/100/mode/2up |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Bettum |first1=Anders |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=John H. |editor2-last=Vandenbeusch |editor2-first=Marie |title=Ancient Egyptian Coffins: Craft Traditions and Functionality |date=2018 |publisher=Peeters |location=Leuven |isbn=978-90-429-3465-8 |pages=275–291 |chapter=Nesting (Part Two): Merging of Coffin Layers in New Kingdom Coffin Decoration |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352333010}} * {{cite book |last1=Budge |first1=E.A. Wallis |author1-link=E. A. Wallis Budge |title=A Guide to the First and Second Egyptian Rooms: Predynastic antiquities, mummies, Mummy-cases, and other objects connected with the funeral rites of the ancient Egyptians |date=1904 |publisher=The British Museum |location=London |edition=Second |url=https://archive.org/details/guidefirstsecon00brit/page/VIII/mode/1up}} * {{cite book |last1=Cooney |first1=Kathlyn M. |author1-link=Kara Cooney |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=John H. |editor2-last=Vandenbeusch |editor2-first=Marie |title=Ancient Egyptian Coffins: Craft Traditions and Functionality |date=2018 |publisher=Peeters |location=Leuven |isbn=978-90-429-3465-8 |pages=295-322 |chapter=Coffin reuse in Dynasty 21: A case study of coffins in the British Museum}} * {{cite book |last1=Cooney |first1=Kathlyn M. |author-link1=Kara Cooney |editor1-last=Bryan |editor-link1=Betsy Bryan |editor1-first=Betsy M. |editor2-last=Dorman |editor2-first=Peter F. |title=Mural Decoration in the Theban Necropolis |date=2023 |publisher=University of Chicago |location=Chicago |isbn=978-1-61491-089-3 |pages=35–60 |url=https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/SAC/sac2 |chapter=Golden Coffins, Golden Tombs: Innovation and the Display of Social Power |access-date=2025-06-21 |archive-date=2025-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250521144049/https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/SAC/sac2 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite book |last1=Dawson |first1=Warren R. |last2=Gray |first2=P. H. K. |title=Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum I: Mummies and Human Remains |date=1968 |publisher=The Trustees of the British Museum |location=London}} * {{cite book |last1=Ikram |first1=Salima |last2=Dodson |first2=Aidan |author1-link=Salima Ikram |author2-link=Aidan Dodson |title=The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the dead for eternity |url=https://archive.org/details/mummyinancienteg00ikra |date=1998 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |location=London |isbn=0-500-05088-0}} * {{cite web |title=EA6665:Human mummy; mummy-mask; cartonnage; pectoral; shabti; mummy-wrapping; finger-ring; bracelet; coffin |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA6665 |website=The British Museum |access-date=26 February 2025 |language=en |ref={{harvid|EA6665: Human mummy|2025}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Bertha |author1-link=Bertha Porter |last2=Moss |first2=Rosalind L. B. |author2-link=Rosalind Moss |title=Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings I: The Theban Necropolis Part 2: Royal Tombs and Smaller Cemeteries |date=1964 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |edition=Second revised and augmented |url=http://www.griffith.ox.ac.uk/topbib/pdf/pm1-2.pdf}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=John H. |title=Journey through the Afterlife: Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead |date=2010 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-0-674-07239-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780674072398/page/118/mode/1up |url-access=registration}} * {{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=John H. |editor1-last=Fletcher |editor1-first=Alexandra |editor2-last=Antoine |editor2-first=Daniel |editor3-last=Hill |editor3-first=JD |title=Regarding the Dead: Human Remains in the British Museum |date=2014 |publisher=The British Museum |location=London |isbn=978 086159 197 8 |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/Regarding-the-Dead_02102015.pdf |chapter=The Collection of Egyptian Mummies in the British Museum: Overview and Potential for Study}} * {{cite book |last1=van Walsem |first1=René |editor1-last=Sousa |editor1-first=Rogério |title=Body, Cosmos and Eternity: New Research Trends in the Iconography and Symbolism of Ancient Egyptian Coffins |date=2014 |publisher=Archaeopress |location=Oxford |isbn=978 1 78491 003 7 |pages=1-28}} bhe45m683v7pgk5faa51rrgojey9205 2 104765 966805 965495 2026-10-12T12:54:11Z Nura Bello 24854 About the Editor and his picture. 966805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''About me''' [[Fayil:Nura Bello a lokacin taro.jpg|thumb]] My name is Nura Bello Daraja kaset Gusau. I am a contributor to Hausa Wikipedia and English Wikipedia. I am interested in sharing knowledge, improving articles, and helping make reliable information accessible to readers in both Hausa and English. I value the role of Wikipedia in preserving knowledge, promoting education, and making information freely available to people around the world. I look forward to contributing constructively to the Wikipedia community and supporting the growth of Hausa-language content alongside English-language content. q4wifk76btn0nkdvb3w6n23342x2iug 966807 966805 2026-10-12T13:04:51Z Nura Bello 24854 966807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''About me''' [[Fayil:Nura Bello a lokacin taro.jpg|thumb]] My name is Nura Bello Daraja kaset Gusau. I am a contributor to Hausa Wikipedia and English Wikipedia. I am interested in sharing knowledge, improving articles, and helping make reliable information accessible to readers in both Hausa and English. I value the role of Wikipedia in preserving knowledge, promoting education, and making information freely available to people around the world. I look forward to contributing constructively to the Wikipedia community and supporting the growth of Hausa-language content alongside English-language content. == My work == Primary interests * Hausa & English Wikipedia * Wiki Commons * Wikidata * Wikitionary * wiki love d5t2tqfw1cidf6slwgcqslykj56ndry 966835 966807 2026-10-12T13:58:18Z Nura Bello 24854 966835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''About me''' [[Fayil:Nura Bello a lokacin taro.jpg|thumb]] My name is Nura Bello Daraja kaset Gusau. I am a contributor to Hausa Wikipedia and English Wikipedia. I am interested in sharing knowledge, improving articles, and helping make reliable information accessible to readers in both Hausa and English. I value the role of Wikipedia in preserving knowledge, promoting education, and making information freely available to people around the world. I look forward to contributing constructively to the Wikipedia community and supporting the growth of Hausa-language content alongside English-language content. == My work == Primary interests * Hausa & English Wikipedia * Wiki Commons * Wikidata * Wikitionary * wiki love * You can contact me via my email Address: (nurabello212@gmail.com) * OR Via my phones number: (07036007481) (09048331931) jugw4xidakbn2up9av9onoub8kcp8gw 966836 966835 2026-10-12T14:00:17Z Nura Bello 24854 966836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''About me''' [[Fayil:Nura Bello a lokacin taro.jpg|thumb]] My name is Nura Bello Daraja kaset Gusau. I am a contributor to Hausa Wikipedia and English Wikipedia. I am interested in sharing knowledge, improving articles, and helping make reliable information accessible to readers in both Hausa and English. I value the role of Wikipedia in preserving knowledge, promoting education, and making information freely available to people around the world. I look forward to contributing constructively to the Wikipedia community and supporting the growth of Hausa-language content alongside English-language content. == My work == MY Priority interests * Hausa & English Wikipedia * Wiki Commons * Wikidata * Wikitionary * wiki love * You can contact me via my email Address: (nurabello212@gmail.com) * OR Via my phones number: (07036007481) (09048331931) 8lljne7cyvu3vz1jhfcqsp0jua684pv 0 105911 966927 838318 2026-10-12T18:22:00Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zaben gwamna na [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] na 2015''' shi ne zaben gwamna na 8 na Jiharimo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Compiled from Wire |date=2015-04-13 |title=Buhari's APC winning big in Nigeria governorship polls |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/africa/2015/04/13/buharis-apc-winning-big-in-nigeria-governorship-polls |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title=List & faces of newly elected governors in Nigeria |url=https://theinfong.com/2015/04/faces-and-list-of-newly-elected-governors-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Theinfong |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523135445/https://theinfong.com/2015/04/faces-and-list-of-newly-elected-governors-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ugwuanyi |first=Sylvester |date=2015-04-13 |title=Detailed results from Saturday's governorship election |url=https://dailypost.ng/2015/04/13/detailed-results-from-saturdays-governorship-election/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Igboanugo |first=Ada |date=2015-04-12 |title=LIVE: INEC announces results of Governorship elections » YNaija |url=https://naija.yafri.ca/live-inec-announces-results-of-governorship-elections/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=Elections: APC wins 19 states as PDP takes seven |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/elections-apc-wins-19-states-as-pdp-takes-seven/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-16 |title=Issues as governorship contest shifts to tribunals |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/issues-as-governorship-contest-shifts-to-tribunals/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-25 |title=Governors-elect: Facts behind the faces |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/governors-elect-facts-behind-the-faces/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-11 |title=ANALYSIS: How the governorship elections would be won and lost {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/180993-analysis-how-the-governorship-elections-would-be-won-and-lost.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-04 |title=Governorship Polls: How states will vote |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/governorship-polls-how-states-will-vote/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2015-04-12 |title=INEC's Statement on Governorship & State Assembly Elections – READ |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/04/inecs-statement-on-governorship-state-assembly-elections-read/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-12 |title=Nigeria 2015 Governorship, State Assemblies Elections – LIVE UPDATES (INEC Declarations) {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/investigationspecial-reports/181232-nigeria-2015-governorship-state-assemblies-elections-live-updates-inec-declarations.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PDP Sets Governorship Primaries For Nov 29, Presidential For Dec 6 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/157585/pdp-sets-governorship-primaries-for-nov-29-presidential-for.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-24 |title=#NigeriaDecides2015: APC wins majority of Nigeria states in governorship poll {{!}} |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=237793 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052252/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=237793 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title=Nigeria Elections 2015: APC wins 13 states, PDP 4 in governorship polls |url=http://pulse.ng/politics/nigeria-elections-2015-apc-wins-13-states-pdp-4-in-governorship-polls-id3649343.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415225327/http://pulse.ng/politics/nigeria-elections-2015-apc-wins-13-states-pdp-4-in-governorship-polls-id3649343.html |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=APC wins in 13 states, PDP victorious in four |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/apc-wins-in-13-states-pdp-victorious-in-four/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413070322/http://www.punchng.com/news/apc-wins-in-13-states-pdp-victorious-in-four/ |archive-date=2015-04-13 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-25 |title=APC sweeps gov polls: Wins 19 States and counting, PDP is finished… See results. {{!}} |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=237638 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725113258/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=237638 |archive-date=2015-07-25 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> An gudanar da shi a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2015, da kuma 25 ga Afrilu 2015, saboda rashin kammala, dan takarar [[All Progressives Congress]] [[Rochas Okorocha]] ya lashe zaben, inda ya doke [[Chukwuemeka Ihedioha|Emeka Ihedioha]] na Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Governors Election Results Summary and Analysis by States in Nigeria |url=https://whowin.com.ng/2015-governors-election-result.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430191210/https://whowin.com.ng/2015-governors-election-result.aspx |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=whowin.com.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=INEC fixes April 25 for re-run of governorship election in Imo, Taraba |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/176145/inec-fixes-april-25-for-re-run-of-governorship-election-in-i.html |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-25 |title=Rochas Okorocha Declared Winner Of Imo State Governorship Election |url=http://saharareporters.com/2015/04/25/rochas-okorocha-declared-winner-imo-state-governorship-election |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2015 |title=How Okorocha won Imo guber race |url=https://guardian.ng/features/how-okorocha-won-imo-guber-race/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Okorocha Wins Imo State Governorship Election |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/04/26/okorocha-wins-imo-state-governorship-election/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Centre |url=https://nigeriaelections.stearsng.com/governor/2015 |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=nigeriaelections.stearsng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Time |date=2015-08-30 |title=Meet APC Governors |url=https://timenigeria.com/meet-apc-governors/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=Time Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2015-04-12 |title=Governorship Election Results Part 1: Tambuwal, Amosun, Masari & More Win |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/04/governorship-election-results-part-1-tambuwal-amosun-okorocha-more-win/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2015-04-13 |title=Governorship Election Results Part 2: Wike, Al-Makura, Ganduje & More Emerge Winners |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/04/governorship-election-results-part-2-wike-al-makura-ganduje-more-emerge-winners/ |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION RESULTS |url=https://dailytrust.com/governorship-election-results |access-date=2021-05-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501001115/https://dailytrust.com/governorship-election-results |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=APC 19 - 7 PDP... Results of 2015 gov election |url=https://www.thecable.ng/apc-17-7-pdp-results-2015-gov-election |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Gubernatorial Election: Results so Far… – KapitalFM 92.9 Abuja |url=https://kapital929.fm/2015-gubernatorial-election-results-so-far/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=kapital929.fm |archive-date=2021-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523141338/https://kapital929.fm/2015-gubernatorial-election-results-so-far/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=The governors emerge: Ribadu, Agbaje, Yero, Dakuku crash out - Business Hallmark |url=https://hallmarknews.com/the-governors-emerge-ribadu-agbaje-yero-dakuku-crash-out/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=hallmarknews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=GUBER ELECTION LATEST: APC WINS 14 STATES, PDP 4 – Abia, Rivers, Cross River not ready yet |url=https://theyesng.com/guber-election-latest-apc-wins-14-states-pdp-4-abia-rivers-cross-river-not-ready-yet/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Yes International! Magazine |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ejiofor |first=Clement |date=2015-04-12 |title=2015 Governorship Election In Nigeria: Official Results From States |url=https://www.legit.ng/419961-read-official-results-of-2015-governorship-election.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428114852/https://www.legit.ng/419961-read-official-results-of-2015-governorship-election.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=xinhuanet.com |date=2015-04-12 |title=Key governorship positions return to Nigeria?s opposition party |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/key-governorship-positions-return-to-nigerias-opposition-party/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=News Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - 2015 Election Results - Google Drive |url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/tghGyMtgwvGREo_mYjftkFw/htmlview |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=docs.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Time |date=2015-08-30 |title=Meet APC Governors |url=https://timenigeria.com/meet-apc-governors/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Time Nigeria Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reflections On 2015 General Elections |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/176495/reflections-on-2015-general-elections.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-11 |title=#NigeriaDecides 2015: Governorship and State House of Assembly Elections Results - LIVE UPDATES |url=https://guardian.ng/lead-story/nigeriadecides-2015-governorship-and-assemblies-elections-results-live-updates/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Farko na APC == Dan takarar APC, Rochas Okorocha ya sami tikitin jam'iyyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Peoples |date=2018-01-18 |title=S/Africa coy, Bauchi govt in pact to establish fly academy |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/s-africa-coy-bauchi-govt-in-pact-to-establish-fly-academy/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Peoples Daily Newspaper |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213830/https://peoplesdailyng.com/s-africa-coy-bauchi-govt-in-pact-to-establish-fly-academy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IMO STATE: FROM ROCHAS TO IHEDIOHA IS JUMPING FROM FRYING PAN INTO FIRE |url=https://www.modernghana.com/blogs/586317/imo-state-from-rochas-to-ihedioha-is-jumping-from.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=247ureports |date=2014-11-27 |title=APC Primaries: "Any Vote For Rochas Is Vote For Me" — Atiku * 247ureports.com |url=https://247ureports.com/2014/11/apc-primaries-any-vote-for-rochas-is-vote-for-me-atiku/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=247ureports.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumpeta |first=Imo |date=11 December 2014 |title=Imo PDP 2015 Governorship Primary: Going Back To 2007 {{!}} Imo Trumpeta newspaper |url=http://www.imotrumpeta.com/?p=13443 |access-date=2021-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-28 |title=Imo 2015: Ihedioha tackles Okorocha |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/imo-2015-ihedioha-tackles-okorocha/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328165811/http://www.punchng.com/news/imo-2015-ihedioha-tackles-okorocha/ |archive-date=2015-03-28 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=Okorocha leads in 19 LGAs in Imo |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/okorocha-leads-in-19-lgas-in-imo-2// |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065019/http://www.punchng.com/news/okorocha-leads-in-19-lgas-in-imo-2// |archive-date=2015-04-13 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2015 |title=Okorocha defeats Ihedioha in Imo |url=https://dailytrust.com/okorocha-defeats-ihedioha-in-imo |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-07 |title=Imo 2015: Can Okorocha beat strongmen to second term? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/imo-2015-can-okorocha-beat-strongmen-to-second-term/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-20 |title=Wife of former Imo PDP governorship aspirant declares support for Okorocha - News |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/wife-imo-pdp-governorship-aspirant-declares-support-okorocha/// |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720225938/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/wife-imo-pdp-governorship-aspirant-declares-support-okorocha/// |archive-date=2015-07-20 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-18 |title=2015: Desperate jostle for Okorocha's seat begins in Imo |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/18105-2015-desperate-jostle-for-okorocha-s-seat-begins-in-imo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918174435/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/18105-2015-desperate-jostle-for-okorocha-s-seat-begins-in-imo |archive-date=2014-09-18 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-21 |title=Declare Imo result, Okorocha urges INEC |url=http://www.punchng.com/politics/declare-imo-result-okorocha-urges-inec// |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421221009/http://www.punchng.com/politics/declare-imo-result-okorocha-urges-inec// |archive-date=2015-04-21 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na APC a shekarar 2014 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Peoples |date=2018-01-18 |title=S/Africa coy, Bauchi govt in pact to establish fly academy |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/s-africa-coy-bauchi-govt-in-pact-to-establish-fly-academy/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Peoples Daily Newspaper |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417213830/https://peoplesdailyng.com/s-africa-coy-bauchi-govt-in-pact-to-establish-fly-academy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IMO STATE: FROM ROCHAS TO IHEDIOHA IS JUMPING FROM FRYING PAN INTO FIRE |url=https://www.modernghana.com/blogs/586317/imo-state-from-rochas-to-ihedioha-is-jumping-from.html |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=247ureports |date=2014-11-27 |title=APC Primaries: "Any Vote For Rochas Is Vote For Me" — Atiku * 247ureports.com |url=https://247ureports.com/2014/11/apc-primaries-any-vote-for-rochas-is-vote-for-me-atiku/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=247ureports.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Trumpeta |first=Imo |date=11 December 2014 |title=Imo PDP 2015 Governorship Primary: Going Back To 2007 {{!}} Imo Trumpeta newspaper |url=http://www.imotrumpeta.com/?p=13443 |access-date=2021-05-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-28 |title=Imo 2015: Ihedioha tackles Okorocha |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/imo-2015-ihedioha-tackles-okorocha/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328165811/http://www.punchng.com/news/imo-2015-ihedioha-tackles-okorocha/ |archive-date=2015-03-28 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-13 |title=Okorocha leads in 19 LGAs in Imo |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/okorocha-leads-in-19-lgas-in-imo-2// |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413065019/http://www.punchng.com/news/okorocha-leads-in-19-lgas-in-imo-2// |archive-date=2015-04-13 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2015 |title=Okorocha defeats Ihedioha in Imo |url=https://dailytrust.com/okorocha-defeats-ihedioha-in-imo |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-07 |title=Imo 2015: Can Okorocha beat strongmen to second term? |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/imo-2015-can-okorocha-beat-strongmen-to-second-term/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-20 |title=Wife of former Imo PDP governorship aspirant declares support for Okorocha - News |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/wife-imo-pdp-governorship-aspirant-declares-support-okorocha/// |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720225938/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/04/wife-imo-pdp-governorship-aspirant-declares-support-okorocha/// |archive-date=2015-07-20 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-18 |title=2015: Desperate jostle for Okorocha's seat begins in Imo |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/18105-2015-desperate-jostle-for-okorocha-s-seat-begins-in-imo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918174435/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/politics/18105-2015-desperate-jostle-for-okorocha-s-seat-begins-in-imo |archive-date=2014-09-18 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-21 |title=Declare Imo result, Okorocha urges INEC |url=http://www.punchng.com/politics/declare-imo-result-okorocha-urges-inec// |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421221009/http://www.punchng.com/politics/declare-imo-result-okorocha-urges-inec// |archive-date=2015-04-21 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-10 |title=Nigeria: How progressive is the APC? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/9964/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=New African Magazine |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527082508/https://newafricanmagazine.com/9964/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-04 |title=APC governorship primaries: Day of reckoning |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/apc-governorship-primaries-day-reckoning/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-17 |title=APC Must Conduct Transparent Governorship Primaries, Says Wahab, Articles {{!}} THISDAY LIVE |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/apc-must-conduct-transparent-governorship-primaries-says-wahab/195653/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217190957/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/apc-must-conduct-transparent-governorship-primaries-says-wahab/195653/ |archive-date=2015-02-17 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-04 |title=APC Governorship primaries updates |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-governorship-primaries-updates/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-29 |title=APC: Rave of the moment in North-West, NorthEast |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-rave-of-the-moment-in-north-west-northeast/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-04 |title=A festival of choice |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/festival-choice/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Daily |first=Peoples |date=2014-12-08 |title=Presidential Primaries: Power play as APC gubernatorial candidates emerge |url=https://peoplesdailyng.com/presidential-primaries-power-play-as-apc-gubernatorial-candidates-emerge/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Peoples Daily Newspaper |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527085053/https://peoplesdailyng.com/presidential-primaries-power-play-as-apc-gubernatorial-candidates-emerge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-02 |title=APC: Breaking into South-East |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-breaking-into-south-east/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-06 |title=Okorocha: Hurdles to second term journey {{!}} National Mirror |url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/okorocha-hurdles-to-second-term-journey/// |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706094450/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/okorocha-hurdles-to-second-term-journey/// |archive-date=2015-07-06 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-10 |title='My only agreement with Okorocha is make Imo better' |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/my-only-agreement-with-okorocha-is-make-imo-better/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2015 |title=Stop disturbing peace in Imo, Okorocha tells Ihedioha |url=https://dailytrust.com/stop-disturbing-peace-in-imo-okorocha-tells-ihedioha |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title='Imo governorship election has been won and lost' |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/imo-governorship-election-has-been-won-and-lost/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-12 |title=We'll unseat Okorocha in 2015 – Araraume - News |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/10/well-unseat-okorocha-2015-araraume/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112192606/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/10/well-unseat-okorocha-2015-araraume/ |archive-date=2014-11-12 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> == PDP na farko == Dan takarar PDP, [[Chukwuemeka Ihedioha|Emeka Ihedioha]] ta sami tikitin jam'iyyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2014 |title=PDP governorship primaries: 8 ministers may quit in weeks |url=https://dailytrust.com/pdp-governorship-primaries-8-ministers-may-quit-in-weeks |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080648/https://dailytrust.com/pdp-governorship-primaries-8-ministers-may-quit-in-weeks |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-14 |title=Flawed Primaries, Aggrieved Aspirants Set To Dump PDP En masse |url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/12/14/flawed-primaries-aggrieved-aspirants-set-dump-pdp-en-masse |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-09 |title=Primaries chaos rocks PDP |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/primaries-chaos-rocks-pdp/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-08 |title=PDP faces crises in 17 states |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/pdp-faces-crises-17-states/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-13 |title=How PDP govs hijacked party structures ahead 2015 |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/21050-how-pdp-govs-hijacked-party-structures-ahead-2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113013640/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/21050-how-pdp-govs-hijacked-party-structures-ahead-2015 |archive-date=2014-11-13 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-21 |title=Battle for 2015: Fresh crisis hits PDP |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/21019-battle-for-2015-fresh-crisis-hits-pdp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121161050/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/21019-battle-for-2015-fresh-crisis-hits-pdp |archive-date=2014-11-21 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-18 |title=2015 Guber Race: 10 Toughest Battlegrounds |url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/top-stories/19165-2015-guber-race-10-toughest-battlegrounds |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118064725/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/sunday/index.php/top-stories/19165-2015-guber-race-10-toughest-battlegrounds |archive-date=2015-01-18 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-01 |title=The building blocks of 2015 |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/25240-the-building-blocks-of-2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101043414/http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/25240-the-building-blocks-of-2015 |archive-date=2015-01-01 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=PDP chieftain calls for peace among gov aspirants |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/20074-pdp-chieftain-calls-for-peace-among-gov-aspirants |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406030948/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/20074-pdp-chieftain-calls-for-peace-among-gov-aspirants |archive-date=2015-04-06 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-11 |title=APC, PDP and battle for 2015 |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/apc-pdp-and-battle-for-2015/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-08 |title=Ribadu wins PDP Adamawa, Dankwambo retains Gombe and crisis in Niger - |url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2014/12/08/ribadu-wins-pdp-adamawa-dankwambo-retains-gombe-and-crisis-in-niger/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 26, 2014 |title=Gombe: The battle between Dankwambo and Yahaya |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust/20141226/281835757057799 |access-date=2021-05-27 |via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ihedioha, Ribadu, Agbaje, Okowa, Wike, and others Win PDP Gubernatorial Primaries for 2015 Elections {{!}} The African Democrat |url=http://africandemocrat.com/content/ihedioha-ribadu-agbaje-okowa-wike-and-others-win-pdp-gubernatorial-primaries-2015-elections |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=africandemocrat.com |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080659/http://africandemocrat.com/content/ihedioha-ribadu-agbaje-okowa-wike-and-others-win-pdp-gubernatorial-primaries-2015-elections |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-09 |title=PDP Governorship Primaries: Ribadu, Folarin, Okowa, Agbaje, others win |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/pdp-governorship-primaries-ribadu-folarin-okowa-agbaje-others-win/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> An gudanar da zaben fidda gwani na PDP a shekarar 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2014 |title=PDP Governorship Primaries: A Harvest of Upsets, Protests |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20141214/282200829261007 |access-date=2021-05-27 |via=PressReader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-08 |title=Update: PDP Governorship primaries |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/update-pdp-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jimi Agbaje, Ifeanyi Okowa, Nyesom Wike, Teslim Folarin Win PDP Governorship Primaries |url=https://onobello.com/jimi-agbaje-ifeanyi-okowa-nyesom-wike-teslim-folarin-win-pdp-governorship-primaries/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=onobello.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527080651/https://onobello.com/jimi-agbaje-ifeanyi-okowa-nyesom-wike-teslim-folarin-win-pdp-governorship-primaries/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary Elections: Wike, Folarin, Others Win PDP Governorship Tickets |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2014/12/08/pdp-primaries-wike-folarin-others-win-governorship-tickets/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-17 |title=PDP primaries nationwide reactions |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/23725-pdp-primaries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150517110358/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/23725-pdp-primaries |archive-date=2015-05-17 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-09 |title=Primaries: PDP in disarray |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/primaries-pdp-disarray/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-12 |title=Who picks PDP govs ticket? |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/23557-who-picks-pdp-govs-ticket |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512052002/http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/23557-who-picks-pdp-govs-ticket |archive-date=2015-05-12 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-27 |title=PDP Governorship Primaries: A Harvest of Upsets, Protests, Articles {{!}} THISDAY LIVE |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/pdp-governorship-primaries-a-harvest-of-upsets-protests/196647/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327023519/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/pdp-governorship-primaries-a-harvest-of-upsets-protests/196647/ |archive-date=2015-03-27 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-19 |title=The emerging power blocs in PDP |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/23124-the-emerging-power-blocs-in-pdp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419214943/http://www.tribune.com.ng/quicklinkss/politics/item/23124-the-emerging-power-blocs-in-pdp |archive-date=2015-04-19 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-18 |title=PDP primaries |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/23033-pdp-primaries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418142824/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/news-headlines/item/23033-pdp-primaries |archive-date=2015-04-18 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-15 |title=A tale of woes |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tale-woes/ |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-03 |title=Protests, Defection Trail PDP Guber Primaries {{!}} OSUN DEFENDER |url=http://www.osundefender.org/?p=199254 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703093346/http://www.osundefender.org/?p=199254 |archive-date=2015-07-03 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-13 |title=2015: Governorship primary tears PDP apart in states |url=http://www.punchng.com/news/2015-governorship-primary-tears-pdp-apart-in-states/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213024456/http://www.punchng.com/news/2015-governorship-primary-tears-pdp-apart-in-states/ |archive-date=2014-12-13 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-03 |title=Mixed reactions trail PDP primaries |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/22912-mixed-reactions-trail-pdp-primaries |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203032616/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news/top-stories/item/22912-mixed-reactions-trail-pdp-primaries |archive-date=2014-12-03 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref> == Sakamakon == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mtbkclqz3hue40dd0a1vkbk5vrs97pk 0 106571 966913 813101 2026-10-12T18:16:40Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Yakin Gabashin Afirka (wanda aka fi sani da Yakin Abyssinia) an yi yaƙi a Gabashin Afirka a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta Allies na Yaƙin Duniya ya II, galibi daga Daular Burtaniya, a kan Italiya da mulkin mallaka na Italiyanci na Gabashin Afirka, tsakanin Yuni 1940 da Nuwamba 1941. Rundunar Burtaniya ta Gabas ta Tsakiya tare da dakarun daga Ingila, Afirka ta Kudu, Indiya ta Burtaniya, [[Uganda]] Protectorate, Kenya, Somaliland, Afirka ta Yamma, Arewa da Kudancin Rhodesia, Sudan da Nyasaland sun shiga cikin yakin. Wadannan sun haɗu da Allied Force Publique na Belgian Congo, Imperial Ethiopian Arbegnoch (sojojin adawa) da kuma karamin rukuni na Free French Forces. ==Tarihi== A ranar 9 ga Mayu 1936, mai mulkin kama-karya na Italiya, Benito Mussolini, ya ayyana kafa Gabashin Afirka ta Italiya (Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI), daga [[Itofiya|Habasha]] bayan Yaƙin Italo-Abyssinian na Biyu da kuma yankunan Italiyanci [[Eritrea]] da Somaliland . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-02462-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-02462-6</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuni 1940, Mussolini ya ayyana yaƙi da Burtaniya da Faransa, wanda ya sa sojojin Italiya a Libya barazana ga Masar kuma waɗanda ke cikin AOI haɗari ga mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Faransanci a Gabashin Afirka. Har ila yau, yaƙin Italiya ya rufe Bahar Rum ga jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci na Allied da kuma hanyoyin teku na Burtaniya da ke cikin haɗari a bakin tekun Gabashin Afirka, Tekun Aden, Bahar Maliya da Suez Canal. (Mulkin Masar ya kasance tsaka tsaki a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu amma sharuddan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Masar ta 1936 ta ba da damar Burtaniya ta mamaye Masar da Anglo-Masanci Sudan.) <ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/RIN/index.html</ref>Masar, Suez Canal, Faransa Somaliland da British Somaliland suma suna da haɗari ga mamayewa amma Janar Janar na Italiya sun shirya don yaƙi bayan 1942; a lokacin rani na 1940 Italiya ba ta shirya don yaƙin dogon lokaci ko don mamaye manyan yankuna na Afirka ba.<ref>http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/India/EAfrica/index.html</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Yaƙi]] 2ip6al8b10t6g3cfo2fyy798neftxty 0 107533 966943 671432 2026-10-12T20:15:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kamfanin Louis XIV na Gabashin Indiya (Faransanci: Compagnie des Indes orientales) kamfani ne na hadin gwiwa wanda aka kafa a Masarautar Faransa a watan Agustan shekara ta 1664 don shiga kasuwanci a Indiya da sauran ƙasashen Asiya, tare da tallafawa Kamfanin Faransa na Yammacin Indiya (Faransa: Compagnies des Indes occidentales) wanda aka kirkira watanni uku da suka gabata. Yana daya daga cikin kamfanoni da yawa da suka biyo baya tare da irin waɗannan sunayen, jerin sun fara ne tare da Kamfanin Henry IV na farko na Gabashin Indiya a cikin 1604 kuma ya ci gaba da Kamfanin Cardinal Richelieu na Gabas a cikin 1642. <ref name="Capasia">{{Cite web |last=Guillemette Crouzet |date={{date|2023-9-6}} |title=Early French Endeavours in Global Asia and the Creation of the Compagnie des Indes Orientales (1664) |url=https://www.capasia.eu/early-french-endeavours-in-asia-and-the-compagnie-des-indes/ |website=Capasia}}</ref> Jean-Baptiste Colbert ne ya shirya don yin gasa tare da Kamfanin Gabas Indiya na Ingila da Kamfanin Dutch East India, : 24 Sarki Louis XIV ne ya hayar shi don manufar kasuwanci a Gabashin Gabas. French-language_text" id="mwDA" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/> Kamfanin Louis na sha huɗu ya zama mara kuɗi kuma an sake tsara shi a shekara ta 1685, kuma ya sake fashewa a shekara ta 1706.<ref name="archive">{{Cite web |last=Philippe Haudrère & Gérard Le Bouedec |date={{date|2023-5-31}} |title=Fondation des Compagnies françaises des Indes |url=https://francearchives.gouv.fr/pages_histoire/39124 |website=France Archives}}</ref> A cikin 1719, abin da ya rage daga gare ta Kamfanin John Law ne ya samo shi, wanda a cikin 1723 ya zama Kamfanin Indiyawan Faransa mai aiki a cikin karni na 18. == Tarihi == Karni na goma sha bakwai ya ga ƙoƙarin Faransanci da yawa don kasuwanci tare da Gabashin Indiya, farawa da Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya na Faransanci na farko (1604-1614). Kasuwancin kasuwanci na [[Dutch East India Company|Kamfanin Dutch East India]] Company ne ya rinjaye su.{{R|Mole}} : 27 Tsakanin shekarun 1630 da farkon shekarun 1660, kokarin Faransanci sun kasance karami, amma sun ji daɗin samun nasara. Jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun ratsa [[Persian Gulf|Tekun Farisa]], Bahar Maliya, da kuma arewa maso yammacin gabar tekun Indiya.{{R|Mole}} : 28 Wadannan nasarorin, duk da haka, sun ragu idan aka kwatanta da na [[Kingdom of England|Ingila]] da Jamhuriyar Dutch. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Atlantic na Faransa sun yi gasa da juna. Kwarewar kasuwanci da kudi sun mayar da hankali a yankunan bakin teku na [[Brittany]] da [[Normandy]].{{R|Mole}} : 28y.{{R|Mole|p=27}}.{{R|Mole|p=28}}y.{{R|Mole|p=28}} An ba kamfanin ikon mallakar shekaru 50 a kan kewayawar Faransa da cinikayya a cikin Tekun Indiya da Pacific, yankin da ke daga [[Cape of Good Hope]] zuwa gabas har zuwa Strait of Magellan . <ref name="archive"/> A shekara ta 1666, an ba shi tushe a Lorient, inda ya sake komawa ayyukansa na dindindin a baya a [[Le Havre]] a shekara ta 1670. <ref name="Chaumeil P68">{{Cite journal |last=Chaumeil |first=Louis |year=1939 |title=Abrégé d'histoire de Lorient de la fondation (1666) à nos jours (1939) |journal=Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest |language=fr |volume=46 |issue=1 |page=68 |doi=10.3406/abpo.1939.1788}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=La Compagnie des Indes |url=https://patrimoines-archives.morbihan.fr/decouvrir/instants-dhistoire/les-millesimes-du-patrimoine/la-compagnie-des-indes |access-date={{date|2025-2-22}} |website=Patrimoine et Archives du Morbihan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803145845/https://patrimoines-archives.morbihan.fr/decouvrir/instants-dhistoire/les-millesimes-du-patrimoine/la-compagnie-des-indes |archive-date=2025-08-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Louis ya ba kamfanin izini har abada ga tsibirin [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], da kuma duk wani yankuna da zai iya cin nasara. Manufar ita ce ta kafa wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki na Faransa a Madagascar don yin gasa da mulkin mallaka na Dutch na Batavia, : 34-35 amma wannan shirin bai taɓa zama gaskiya ba kuma kamfanin ya daina shi a cikin 1668.{{R|Mole}} Wani dalili da ya tsoma baki cikin ayyukan kasuwanci na kamfanin shine don inganta fadada bangaskiyar Katolika, wanda ya kasance a cikin yarjejeniyar farko da kamfanin ya yi a 1665 tare da kungiyar Paris Foreign Missions Society da aka kafa kwanan nan wanda aka ba wa masu wa'azi na ƙarshe tafiye-tafiye kyauta a kan jiragen kamfanin.<ref name="archive"/> == Jagora == Darakta Janar na farko na Kamfanin shine [[François de La Faye de La Martinie]], wanda Daraktoci biyu na kungiyoyin kasuwanci guda biyu suka fi cin nasara a wannan lokacin suka haɗu da shi: François Caron, wanda ya shafe shekaru 30 yana aiki ga Kamfanin Dutch East India ciki har da [[Japan]] daga 1619 zuwa 1641, : 31 da Marcara Avanchintz, dan kasuwa na Armeniya daga [[Isfahan]], [[Iran|Farisa]]. : 104 {{Rp|104}} ==Manazarta== 60kkm7rpgop9652l23x9k8g38dlaerw 0 108067 967086 898766 2026-10-13T09:56:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox}} {{Databox}} '''Dutsen Pine irin ƙwaro''' ( ''Dendroctonus ponderosae'' ) wani nau'in ƙwaro ne na haushin ƙwaro na asali daga dazuzzuka na yammacin [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] daga [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] zuwa tsakiyar [[British Columbia]] . Yana da exoskeleton baƙar fata mai wuya, kuma yana auna kusan , kusan girman hatsin shinkafa. A yammacin Arewacin Amirka, fashewar ƙwaro da abokanta na awayoyin cuta sun shafi wurare masu yawa na gandun daji na lodgepole pine, ciki har da fiye da {{Convert|40|e6acre|km2}} na gandun daji a British Columbia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Irvin |first=Doyle |date=2017-02-15 |title=Blisters, Beetles and British Columbia: Global ReLeaf in Canada |url=https://www.americanforests.org/magazine/article/blisters-beetles-british-columbia-canada/ |url-status=dead |journal=American Forests Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711113115/https://www.americanforests.org/magazine/article/blisters-beetles-british-columbia-canada/ |archive-date=2021-07-11 |access-date=2021-09-09}}</ref> Barkewar dajin Rocky Mountain National Park a [[Colorado]] ya fara ne a cikin 1996 kuma ya haifar da lalata miliyoyin kadada / hectare na ponderosa da bishiyoyin pine pine. A kololuwar barkewar cutar a cikin 2009, sama da {{Convert|4.0|e6acre|km2}} abin ya shafa. <ref name="Ward">{{Cite web |date=2013-06-19 |title=Bob Ward: Colorado Wildfires Are Linked to Global Warming |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/bob-ward/colorado-pine-beetles-wildfires_b_3453706.html |access-date=2014-02-14 |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com}}</ref> Barkewar ta ragu saboda ingantacciyar yanayin muhalli, amma an riga an lalata bishiyoyi da yawa masu rauni. <ref name="Ward" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2019 |title=Broad-level Reconstruction of Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks from 1999-2015 across the Northern Region |url=http://fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd696672.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122140322/https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd696672.pdf |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Fs.usda.gov}}</ref> Mountain pine beetles suna zaune a ponderosa, whitebark, lodgepole, [[Scots pine|Scots]], [[Jack pine|jack]], [[Pinus flexilis|limber]], Rocky Mountain bristlecone, da Great Basin bristlecona.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Erbilgin |first=Nadir |last2=Ma |first2=Cary |last3=Whitehouse |first3=Caroline |last4=Shan |first4=Bin |last5=Najar |first5=Ahmed |last6=Evenden |first6=Maya |date=30 October 2013 |title=Chemical similarity between historical and novel host plants promotes range and host expansion of the mountain pine beetle in a naïve host ecosystem |journal=New Phytologist |volume=201 |issue=3 |pages=940–50 |doi=10.1111/nph.12573 |pmid=24400902 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bentz |first=Barbara J. |last2=Hansen |first2=E. Matthew |last3=Vandygriff |first3=James C. |last4=Stephens |first4=S. Sky |last5=Soderberg |first5=David |date=2021 |title=Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) is a confirmed host to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) |url=https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/63394 |journal=Western North American Naturalist |language=en |volume=81 |page=102 |bibcode=2021WNAN...81..102B |doi=10.3398/064.081.0102 |s2cid=235324443 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909144844/https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/63394 |archive-date=9 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bentz |first=Barbara J. |last2=Millar |first2=Constance I. |last3=Vandygriff |first3=James C. |last4=Hansen |first4=Earl M. |date=1 April 2022 |title=Great Basin bristlecone pine mortality: Causal factors and management implications |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=509 |pages=120099 |bibcode=2022ForEM.50920099B |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120099 |s2cid=246982193 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan [[Buzuzu|kwari]] suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar gandun daji, suna kai farmaki ga tsofaffi ko bishiyoyi masu rauni, da kuma hanzarta ci gaban ƙaramin gandun daji. Koyaya, zafi mai ban mamaki, lokacin rani mai bushe da hunturu mai sauƙi a cikin 2004-2007 a duk faɗin Amurka da Kanada, tare da gandun daji da ke cike da furen lodgepole, ya haifar da annobar da ba a taɓa gani ba.<ref name="mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca2">{{Cite web |title=The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a small insect, less than a centimetre long, which lives most of its life under the bark of pine trees, including lodgepole, ponderosa and western white pine. |url=http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biology/index_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811062345/http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biology/index_e.html |archive-date=11 August 2010 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=}}</ref> Barkewar cutar na iya kasancewa cutar dajin mafi girma da aka gani a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] tun bayan mulkin mallaka na Turai. Sake dasa al'adu guda ɗaya, da kuma ƙarni na kashe gobarar gandun daji sun ba da gudummawa ga girma da tsananin fashewar, kuma fashewar kanta na iya, tare da irin wannan cuta, yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan iyawar gandun daji na arewa don kawar da iskar gas (kamar CO ₂ ) daga yanayi. <ref name="Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change">{{Cite journal |last=Kurz |first=WA |last2=Dymond |first2=CC |last3=Stinson |first3=G |display-authors=etal |date=2008-04-24 |title=Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-04-24_452_7190/page/987 |journal=Nature |volume=452 |issue=7190 |pages=987–990 |bibcode=2008Natur.452..987K |doi=10.1038/nature06777 |pmid=18432244 |s2cid=205212545}}</ref> Saboda tasirinsa a kan gandun daji, an tsara transcriptome <ref name="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09651748">{{Cite journal |last=Keeling |first=Christopher I. |last2=Henderson |first2=Hannah |last3=Li |first3=Maria |last4=Yuen |first4=Mack |last5=Clark |first5=Erin L. |last6=Fraser |first6=Jordie D. |last7=Huber |first7=Dezene P.W. |last8=Liao |first8=Nancy Y. |last9=Roderick Docking |first9=T. |last10=Birol |first10=Inanc |last11=Chan |first11=Simon K. |last12=Taylor |first12=Greg A. |last13=Palmquist |first13=Diana |last14=Jones |first14=Steven J.M. |last15=Bohlmann |first15=Joerg |date=2012-08-31 |title=Transcriptome and full-length cDNA resources for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, a major insect pest of pine forests |journal=Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |volume=42 |issue=8 |pages=525–36 |bibcode=2012IBMB...42..525K |doi=10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.03.010 |pmid=22516182}}</ref> da kwayar halitta <ref name="http://genomebiology.com">{{Cite journal |last=Keeling |first=Christopher I |last2=Yuen |first2=Macaire MS |last3=Liao |first3=Nancy Y |last4=Roderick Docking |first4=T |last5=Chan |first5=Simon K |last6=Taylor |first6=Greg A |last7=Palmquist |first7=Diana L |last8=Jackman |first8=Shaun D |last9=Nguyen |first9=Anh |last10=Li |first10=Maria |last11=Henderson |first11=Hannah |last12=Janes |first12=Jasmine K |last13=Zhao |first13=Yongjun |last14=Pandoh |first14=Pawan |last15=Moore |first15=Richard |display-authors=5 |date=2013 |title=Draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, ''Dendroctonus ponderosae'' Hopkins, a major forest pest |journal=Genome Biology |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=R27 |doi=10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r27 |pmc=4053930 |pmid=23537049 |doi-access=free}}</ref> na kwari. Wannan shi ne nau'in kwayar cuta na biyu da za a tsara. == Tsarin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Infested_tree.jpg|thumb|Itacen Pine na lodgepole wanda kwari na dutse ya mamaye, tare da bututun farar da ake gani]] Beetles suna tasowa ta hanyar matakai huɗu: kwai, tsutsotsi, pupa da [[Baligi|manya]]. Sai dai na 'yan kwanaki a lokacin rani lokacin da manya suka fito daga bishiyoyi kuma suka tashi don kai farmaki ga sababbin bishiyoyi, duk matakan rayuwa ana ciyar da su a ƙarƙashin bark.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Forest Service Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet Mountain Pine Beetle |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/fidls/fidl-2.pdf |access-date=2014-02-14 |publisher=Fs.fed.us}}</ref> A cikin ƙananan tsaunuka kuma a cikin shekaru masu dumi, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin tsaunuka suna buƙatar shekara guda don kammala ƙarni. A tsaunuka masu tsawo, inda lokacin rani ya fi sanyi, yanayin rayuwa na iya bambanta daga shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu Kwando na mata suna fara kai hare-hare. Yayin da suke cinyewa cikin ciki da phloem, ana saki pheromones, suna jan hankalin kwari maza da mata zuwa itacen daya. Beetles masu kai farmaki suna samar da karin pheromones, wanda ke haifar da hari mai yawa wanda ke shawo kan tsaron itacen, kuma yana haifar da hare-hare a kan bishiyoyi da ke kusa. Masu cin nama na halitta na kwari na dutse sun haɗa da wasu tsuntsaye, musamman woodpeckers, da kwari daban-daban. == Cutar itatuwa == === Tasirin === [[Fayil:Mountain_Pine_Beetle_Damage_(16612752984).jpg|left|thumb|Bishiyoyi da kwari na dutse suka lalata a cikin Yellowstone National Park]] [[Fayil:Mountain_Pine_Beetles_Damage_Forests.ogv|left|thumb|Beetles na dutsen pine na iya lalata dukkan yankuna na gandun daji.]] Beetles na Pine Mountain suna shafar itatuwan Pine ta hanyar sa qwai a ƙarƙashin bark. Beetles suna gabatar da blue stain fungus a cikin sapwood wanda ke hana itacen daga fitarwa da kashe beetles masu kai farmaki tare da kwararar bishiyoyi. Fungi kuma yana toshe ruwa da jigilar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin itacen. A waje na itace, wannan yana haifar da nau'ikan resin mai kama da popcorn, wanda ake kira "tubes na pitch", inda kwari suka shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-08 |title=Mountain Pine Beetle |url=http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05528.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010310113247/http://www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/INSECT/05528.html |archive-date=2001-03-10 |access-date=2014-02-14 |website=Ext.colostate.edu}}</ref> Ayyukan hadin gwiwa na ciyar da tsutsotsi da mulkin mallaka na fungal ya kashe itacen mai karɓar bakuncin a cikin 'yan makonni na nasarar kai farmaki (fungi da ciyar da tsutsar ya rufe itacen, yana yanke kwararar ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yanayin fari ya kara raunana bishiyoyi, yana mai da su cikin haɗari kuma ba za su iya karewa daga hari ba. Lokacin da aka fara kai hari kan itacen, ya kasance kore. Yawancin lokaci a cikin shekara guda na hari, allunan za su zama ja. Wannan yana nufin itacen yana mutuwa ko ya mutu, kuma kwari sun koma wani itace. A cikin shekaru uku zuwa hudu bayan harin, an bar ƙananan [[ganye]], don haka bishiyoyi sun yi launin toka.<ref name="mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca">{{Cite web |title=The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a small insect, less than a centimetre long, which lives most of its life under the bark of pine trees, including lodgepole, ponderosa and western white pine. |url=http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biology/index_e.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811062345/http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biology/index_e.html |archive-date=11 August 2010 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=}}</ref> Yayin da yawan kwari ke ƙaruwa ko itatuwa da yawa suna damuwa saboda fari ko wasu dalilai, yawan jama'a na iya ƙaruwa da sauri kuma ya bazu. Ana kai farmaki ga itatuwa masu lafiya, kuma ana iya yin barazana ko kashe manyan wuraren bishiyoyi masu tsufa. Lokacin bazara mai zafi da hunturu mai sauƙi suna taka rawa a cikin rayuwar kwari da ci gaba da karuwar barkewar cutar. Yanayin yanayi mara kyau (kamar ƙananan hunturu na -40 °) na iya rage yawan kwari kuma ya rage yaduwar, amma kwari na iya murmurewa da sauri kuma su ci gaba da kai farmaki a kan gandun daji masu lafiya. === Yaduwar Yaduwa === Yaduwar kwari na dutse ya fara ne lokacin da yawan jama'a suka tashi don tsallaka ƙofar fashewar fashewa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Raffa |first=K. |last2=Berryman |first2=A.A. |year=1983 |title=The Role of Host Plant Resistance in the Colonization Behavior and Ecology of Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ecological-monographs_1983-03_53_1/page/27 |journal=Ecological Monographs |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=27–49 |bibcode=1983EcoM...53...27R |doi=10.2307/1942586 |jstor=1942586}}</ref> wanda aka kiyasta daga bayanan filin kamar kimanin mata 650 da suka girma a kowace itace, ko kusan ɗaya zuwa biyu da aka samu nasarar kai hari ga itace a kowace hekta, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooke |first=B. J. |last2=Carroll |first2=A.L. |year=2017 |title=Predicting the risk of mountain pine beetle spread to eastern pine forests: Considering uncertainty in uncertain times |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=396 |pages=11–25 |bibcode=2017ForEM.396...11C |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2017.04.008}}</ref> amma ya bambanta dangane da yanayin microclimate. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Powell |first=J. A. |last2=Bentz |first2=B. J. |year=2009 |title=Connecting phenological predictions with population growth rates for mountain pine beetle, an outbreak insect |journal=Landscape Ecology |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=657–672 |bibcode=2009LaEco..24..657P |doi=10.1007/s10980-009-9340-1}}</ref> Hanyar ƙetare wannan ƙofar fashewa mara daidaituwa na iya faruwa ko dai lokacin da mutane na cikin gida daga yawan mutanen da ke cikin itatuwan da aka danne da waɗanda suka lalace suka taru don samar da hari mai nasara, ko kuma lokacin da adadi mai yawa suka yi ƙaura daga nesa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Safranyik |first=L. |last2=Shore |first2=T. L. |last3=Carroll |first3=A. L. |last4=Linton |first4=D. A. |year=2004 |title=Bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) diversity in spaced and unmanaged mature lodgepole pine (Pinaceae) in southeastern British Columbia |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_forest-ecology-and-management_2004-10-25_200_1-3/page/23 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=200 |issue=1–3 |pages=23–38 |bibcode=2004ForEM.200...23S |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=de la Giroday |first=H-M. C. |last2=Carroll |first2=A. L. |last3=Lindgren |first3=B. S. |last4=Aukema |first4=B. H. |year=2011 |title=Incoming! Association of landscape features with dispersing mountain pine beetle populations during a range expansion event in western Canada |journal=Landscape Ecology |volume=26 |issue=8 |pages=1097–1110 |bibcode=2011LaEco..26.1097D |doi=10.1007/s10980-011-9628-9}}</ref> Wannan ƙofar fashewar ta kasance a ƙasa da iyakokin aiki na sauƙin ganowa, wanda shine daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa yawan jama'a ke da ƙalubale sosai ga sarrafawa: ganowa da wuri yana da mahimmanci don hana fashewar fashewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooke |first=B. J. |last2=MacQuarrie |first2=C.J.K. |last3=Carroll |first3=A.L. |year=2024 |title=On the deduction and quantification of irruptive dynamics in mountain pine beetle population and proxy data |journal=Journal of Applied Entomology |volume=149 |issue=3 |pages=309–323 |doi=10.1111/jen.13262 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Six |first=D. L. |last2=Biber |first2=E. |last3=Long |first3=E. |year=2014 |title=Management for Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Suppression: Does Relevant Science Support Current Policy? |journal=Forests |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=822–826 |bibcode=2014Fore....5..103S |doi=10.3390/f5010103 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lokacin da ba a gano yawan jama'a masu saurin girma da wuri ba, suna nuna ci gaba mai yawa daga ra'ayoyi masu kyau, kuma idan itatuwan pine, waɗanda ke girma a hankali, ana rarraba su sosai, babban barkewar cutar zai haifar. Canjin kwatsam daga annoba zuwa annoba sakamakon saurin canji an kira shi "saurin saurin" fashewa, daidai da Ka'idar bala'i. Canjin daga alamar da aka tsara a kan bishiyoyi masu jaddada zuwa barkewar yankin da ba a tsara ba an kira shi "alama ce ta barkewar", kuma ana ɗaukarsa halayyar fashewar fashewar "cross-scale", ra'ayin da CS Holling ya fara tallafawa a 1973.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Logan |first=J. A. |last2=White |first2=P. |last3=Bentz |first3=B. J. |last4=Powell |first4=J. A. |year=1998 |title=Model Analysis of Spatial Patterns in Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreaks |journal=Theoretical Population Biology |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=236–255 |bibcode=1998TPBio..53..236L |doi=10.1006/tpbi.1997.1350 |pmid=9682026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Raffa |first=K. F. |last2=Aukema |first2=B.H. |last3=Bentz |first3=B. J. |year=2008 |title=Cross-scale Drivers of Natural Disturbances: The Dynamics of Bark Beetle Eruptions |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_2008-06_58_6/page/501 |journal=BioScience |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=501–517 |doi=10.1641/B580607}}</ref> Kyakkyawan canji mai girma ba zato ba tsammani - "halayyar muhalli na mamaki" - shine a ƙarshe abin da ya sa yaduwar kwari na dutse ya zama da wahala a sarrafa shi da sarrafa shi. === Karin saboda canjin yanayi === Canjin yanayi da yanayin sauye-sauyen yanayi da ke faruwa a duk duniya suna da tasiri kai tsaye a kan ilmin halitta, ilmin [[Yanayi na halitta|muhalli]] na jama'a, da yawan kwari masu fashewa, kamar kwari na dutse. Wannan shi ne saboda zafin jiki wani abu ne wanda ke ƙayyade ci gaban kwari da nasarar yawan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sambaraju |first=Kishan R. |last2=Carroll |first2=Allan L. |last3=Zhu |first3=Jun |last4=Stahl |first4=Kerstin |last5=Moore |first5=R. Dan |last6=Aukema |first6=Brian H. |display-authors=3 |year=2012 |title=Climate change could alter the distribution of mountain pine beetle outbreaks in western Canada |journal=Ecography |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=211–223 |bibcode=2012Ecogr..35..211S |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0587.2011.06847.x}}</ref> Mountain pine beetles wani nau'in asalin Yammacin Arewacin Amurka ne. Kafin sauye-sauyen yanayi da zafin jiki, kwari na dutse ya fi rayuwa kuma ya kai farmaki ga itatuwan lodgepole da ponderosa pine a ƙananan tsaunuka, kamar yadda tsaunuka mafi girma Rocky Mountains da Cascades sun yi sanyi sosai don tsira.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kurz |first=W. |date=April 2008 |title=Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-04-24_452_7190/page/987 |journal=Nature |volume=452 |issue=7190 |pages=987–990 |bibcode=2008Natur.452..987K |doi=10.1038/nature06777 |pmid=18432244 |s2cid=205212545}}</ref> A karkashin yanayin yanayi na sanyi na yau da kullun a cikin ƙananan tsaunuka, yanayin halittu na gandun daji da kwari ke zaune ana kiyaye su cikin daidaituwa ta hanyar dalilai kamar hanyoyin kare bishiyoyi, hanyoyin kare kwari, da yanayin sanyi. Dangantaka ce mai sauƙi tsakanin mai masauki (bishiyar), wakili (kwari) da muhalli (lokaci da zafin jiki). <ref name="pinebeetle" /> Koyaya, yayin da canjin yanayi ke haifar da yankunan tsaunuka su zama masu dumi da bushewa, kwari na Pine suna da ƙarin iko don mamayewa da lalata yanayin gandun daji, kamar gandun daji na Whiteebark pine na Rocky Mountains.<ref name="pinebeetle" /> Karin yanayin zafi kuma yana ba da damar kwari na pine ya kara rayuwarsu da 100%: yana ɗaukar shekara guda kawai maimakon biyu don kwari na Pine ya bunkasa. Kamar yadda Rockies ba su sap da magance cututtukan kwari ba, ba su da kariya don yaƙi da kwari. [[Yanayi|Yanayin yanayi]] mai zafi, fari, da hanyoyin kare kwari tare suna bushewa a cikin bishiyoyin pine, wanda shine babban hanyar karewa da bishiyoyi ke da shi daga kwari, yayin da yake nutsar da kwari da qwai.<ref name="pinebeetle" /> Wannan ya sauƙaƙa ga kwari ya kamu da shi kuma ya saki sunadarai a cikin itacen, yana jan wasu kwari a cikin ƙoƙari na shawo kan tsarin tsaro na Itacen pine. A sakamakon haka, mai karɓar bakuncin (kurmi) ya zama mai saukin kamuwa da mai haifar da cuta (kwararrun). <ref name="pinebeetle" /> An lalata dazuzzukan Pine a [[British Columbia|Columbia ta Burtaniya]] sakamakon kamuwa da cutar ƙwaro, wanda ya faɗaɗa ba tare da tsangwama ba tun 1998 aƙalla a wani ɓangare saboda rashin tsananin sanyi tun lokacin; 'yan kwanaki na matsananciyar sanyi suna kashe yawancin ƙwaro na pine kuma sun kiyaye barkewar cutar a baya ta zahiri. Cutar, wanda (a watan Nuwamba 2008) ya kashe kusan rabin pine pine na lardin (kadada miliyan 33 ko 135,000).&nbsp;km ² ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural Resources Canada |url=http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/index_e.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613003653/http://mpb.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/index_e.html |archive-date=2010-06-13 |access-date=2010-03-11}}</ref> wani tsari ne na girma fiye da kowane fashewa da aka yi rikodin a baya. <ref name="kurz">{{Cite journal |last=Kurz |first=W. A. |last2=Dymond |first2=C. C. |last3=Stinson |first3=G. |last4=Rampley |first4=G. J. |last5=Neilson |first5=E. T. |last6=Carroll |first6=A. L. |last7=Ebata |first7=T. |last8=Safranyik |first8=L. |date=April 2008 |title=Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-04-24_452_7190/page/987 |journal=Nature |volume=452 |issue=7190 |pages=987–990 |bibcode=2008Natur.452..987K |doi=10.1038/nature06777 |pmid=18432244 |s2cid=205212545}}</ref> Dalilin mace daya da ba a taɓa yin amfani da shi ba ne saboda yawan irin abincin ƙwaro, wanda ya haɗa da yawancin yankin Barkewar yanzu. <ref name="Cudmore">{{Cite journal |last=Cudmore TJ |last2=Björklund N |last3=Carrollbbb, AL |last4=Lindgren BS. |year=2010 |title=Climate change and range expansion of an aggressive bark beetle: evidence of higher reproductive success in naïve host tree populations |url=https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/9209/11/bj%C3%B6rklund_n_121101.pdf |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=1036–43 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01848.x}}</ref> A cikin 2007 barkewar cutar ta bazu, ta hanyar iska mai ƙarfi da ba a saba gani ba, akan rarrabuwar [[nahiya]] zuwa Alberta . An kuma fara barkewar annoba, a cikin 1999 a [[Colorado]], [[Wyoming]], da [[Montana]] . Ma'aikatar gandun daji ta Amurka ta yi hasashen cewa tsakanin 2011 da 2013 kusan dukkanin {{Convert|5|e6acre|km2}} na Colorado's lodgepole pine bishiyoyi sama da inci biyar (127&nbsp;mm) a diamita za a rasa. <ref name="robbins" /> Gidan bishiyar Whiteebark pine na Rockies ba shine kawai gandun daji da kwari na dutse ya shafa ba. Saboda sauye-sauyen zafin jiki da yanayin iska, kwari na pine yanzu ya bazu ta hanyar Continental Divide na Rockies kuma ya mamaye gandun daji masu rauni na Alberta. Duk da yake yanayin zafi yana kara yaduwar kwari na dutse a arewacin British Columbia, akasin haka yana faruwa a Washington da [[Oregon]], inda yanayin ke sannu a hankali ya zama mai dumi ga kwari.<ref name="preisler">{{Cite journal |last=Preisler |first=H.K. |last2=Hicke |first2=J.A. |last3=Ager |first3=A.A. |last4=Hayes |first4=J.L. |date=2012 |title=Climate and weather influences on spatial temporal patterns of mountain pine beetle populations in Washington and Oregon |url=https://archive.org/details/ecology_2012-11_93_11/page/2421 |journal=Ecology |volume=93 |issue=11 |pages=2421–2434 |bibcode=2012Ecol...93.2421P |doi=10.1890/11-1412.1 |pmid=23236913}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Hanyoyin gudanarwa sun haɗa da girbi a gefen "harin kore", da kuma wasu dabarun da za a iya amfani da su don sarrafa kamuwa da cuta a kan karamin sikelin, gami da:<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2012 |title=Mountain Pine Beetle - Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations - Province of British Columbia |url=http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/faq.htm#15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230183406/http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/faq.htm#15 |archive-date=30 December 2012 |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=}}</ref> * Pheromone baiting - yana jan hankalin kwari zuwa cikin bishiyoyi 'baited' tare da hormone na roba wanda ke kwaikwayon ƙanshin kwari na mace. Za'a iya ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yanki ɗaya, inda za'a iya lalata su cikin sauƙi. * Girbi na tsaftacewa - yana cire bishiyoyi guda ɗaya don sarrafa yaduwar yawan kwari zuwa wasu yankuna. * Snip da skid - yana cire ƙungiyoyin bishiyoyi masu fama da cutar da suka warwatse a babban yanki. * Kulawa, ko mosaic, ƙonewa - yana ƙone wani yanki inda bishiyoyi masu ƙwayoyin cuta suka taru, don rage yawan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin a yankin ko don taimakawa rage haɗarin wuta a wani yanki. Gudanar da gobarar daji ya karu sosai tun daga shekarun 1980 da '90 saboda fasahar kashe gobara. * Fall and burn - yana yankewa (felling) da ƙone bishiyoyi masu cike da kwari don hana yaduwar yawan kwari zuwa wasu yankuna. Ana yin wannan a cikin hunturu, don rage haɗarin fara gobarar daji. * Pesticides - An gwada magungunan halittu irin su chitosan don kariya daga kwari na dutse, kuma ana amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su carbaryl, permethrin, da bifenthrin don ƙananan aikace-aikacen yanki. Kusan shekara ta dubunnan ma'aikatan gandun daji na Amurka sun gwada chitosan, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=M. |year=1997 |title=Defense Response in Slash Pine: Chitosan Treatment Alters the Abundance of Specific mRNAs |url=http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/5322 |journal=Res. Pap. SRS-30.asheville, Nc: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 9P |volume=030 |issue=1 |pages=135–7 |bibcode=1997MPMI...10..135M |doi=10.1094/MPMI.1997.10.1.135 |pmid=9002276 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klepzig |first=K. |year=2003 |title=Cellular response of loblolly pine to wound inoculation with bark beetle-associated fungi and chitosan |url=http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/5322 |journal=Res. Pap. SRS-30.asheville, Nc: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 9P |volume=030 |access-date=2025-07-26 |archive-date=2017-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628183354/https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/5322 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wani maganin biopesticide, don riga-kafin bishiyoyin pine don kare kansu daga MPB. Sakamakon Sabis na Gandun Daji na Amurka ya nuna colloidal chitosan ya haifar da karuwar 40% na resin Pine (P<0.05) a cikin bishiyoyin pine na kudanci. Kitosan millilita ɗaya a cikin galan 10 na ruwa an shafa shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin zoben ɗigon bishiyar bishiyar loblolly . An maimaita aikace-aikacen sau uku daga Mayu zuwa Satumba a cikin 2008. Chitosan shine ke da alhakin samar da martanin tsaro na dabi'a na ƙarar guduro farar-fiti, tare da ikon lalata 37% na ƙwan ƙwai na Pine. Dokta Jim Linden, Masanin ilimin halittu, Jami'ar Jihar Colorado, ya bayyana cewa chitosan ya kara yawan resin pitch-outs don tura ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dutse daga itacen, yana hana MPB shiga cikin itacen pine da kuma yada launin shuɗi. Bincike, cirewa, da lalata 'ya'yan a cikin bishiyoyi masu fama da cutar ita ce hanya mafi kyau don rage yaduwar beetles na dutse; duk da haka, bazai kare takamaiman bishiyoyi ba. Yashe bishiyoyi don hana kai farmaki shine hanya mafi inganci don kare ƙananan bishiyoyi masu mahimmanci daga kwari na dutse. Carbaryl, permethrin da bifenthrin an yi rajista a Amurka don amfani da su wajen hana kamuwa da kwari. EPA ta dauki Carbaryl a matsayin mai haifar da cutar kansa ga mutane. Yana da matsakaiciyar guba ga tsuntsayen daji kuma a wani bangare zuwa guba mai yawa ga kwayoyin ruwa. Permethrin yana da sauƙin narkewa a cikin hanta na dabbobi masu shayarwa, don haka ba shi da haɗari ga mutane. Tsuntsaye kuma kusan ba su da tasiri daga permethrin. Ana iya ganin mummunan sakamako a cikin yanayin halittu na ruwa, da kuma kasancewa mai guba sosai ga kwari masu amfani. Bifenthrin yana da haɗari ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da mutane; yana da ɗan guba ga tsuntsaye da yanayin halittu na ruwa fiye da permethrin, da kuma guba sosai ga kwari masu amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colorado State University Spraying Trees to Protect Against Mountain Pine Beetle: Common Questions for Landowners to Consider |url=http://www.csfs.colostate.edu/pages/documents/Thoughts_on_spraying_trees-version2_final_April_2009.pdf |access-date=2014-02-14 |website=Csfs.colostate.edu |archive-date=2012-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724100602/http://www.csfs.colostate.edu/pages/documents/Thoughts_on_spraying_trees-version2_final_April_2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2015 faduwa da ƙonewa shine dabarar da ake amfani da ita a [[Alberta]] inda akwai fatan iyakance barkewar cutar zuwa yammacin Kanada, hana yaduwarta zuwa arewacin [[Saskatchewan]] da kuma ci gaba zuwa gabashin Kanada inda jack pine na iya zama mai rauni har zuwa gabas kamar [[Nova Scotia]]. A shekara ta 2022 yawan kwari a Alberta ya ragu da kashi 94 cikin dari idan aka kwatanta da mafi girma a cikin 2019, bisa ga sabis na gandun daji na Alberta. == Tasirin == === Hadarin wuta === While weather and drought are important drivers of wildfires in sub boreal forests, bottom-up drivers of elevation and vegetation, including the fuel legacies of bark beetle outbreaks, are crucial factors influencing high-severity burning.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Talucci |first=Anna C. |last2=Meigs |first2=Garrett W. |last3=Knudby |first3=Anders |last4=Krawchuk |first4=Meg A. |date=2022 |title=Fire severity and the legacy of mountain pine beetle outbreak: high-severity fire peaks with mixed live and dead vegetation |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=17 |issue=12 |page=124010 |bibcode=2022ERL....17l4010T |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aca2c1 |s2cid=253878500 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The outbreak of mountain pine beetles in the early 2010s, ten times larger than previous outbreaks,<ref name="beetles">{{Cite web |date=2008-04-23 |title=Beetles may doom Canada's carbon reduction target: study |url=http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Beetles_may_doom_Canadas_carbon_reduction_target_study_999.html |access-date=2008-04-28 |website=Terradaily.com}}</ref> created dead pine stands representing a potential fire hazard, prompting the BC government to direct fuel management activities in beetle areas as recommended in the 2003 Firestorm Provincial Review.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Columbia 2003 Firestorm Provincial Review |url=http://www.2003firestorm.gov.bc.ca/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808033540/http://www.2003firestorm.gov.bc.ca/ |archive-date=8 August 2010 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=}}</ref> Huge swaths of central [[British Columbia]] (BC) and parts of Alberta have been hit badly, with over {{Convert|40|e6acre|km2}} of BC's forests affected.<ref name="bcmfr">{{Cite web |title=Mountain Pine Beetle - Ministry of Forests and Range - Province of British Columbia |url=http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/facts.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405011133/http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/facts.htm |archive-date=2013-04-05 |access-date=2014-02-14 |website=For.gov.bc.ca}}</ref><gallery heights="140" mode="packed"> Fayil:Pine_beetle_pitch_tube.jpg|alt=A lodgepole pine tree with a pitch tube| Bishiyar Pine Lodgepole tare da bututun farar ruwa Fayil:Yoho_National_Park_of_Canada.jpg|alt=Invaded pine tree forest on the slopes of Chancellor Peak in Yoho National Park, Canada| An mamaye dajin bishiyar pine a kan gangaren Chancellor Peak a Yoho National Park, [[Kanada]] Fayil:Beetle_kill_forest_colorado.jpg|alt=A pine tree forest north of Breckenridge, CO shows infestation in 2008.| Wani daji na Pine a arewacin Breckenridge, CO yana nuna kamuwa da cuta a cikin 2008. Fayil:Pine_Beetle_in_Manning_Park.jpg|alt=Pine beetle damage in E. C. Manning Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada, as of August 2010| Barnar Pine beetle a EC Manning Provincial Park, [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]], har zuwa Agusta 2010 Fayil:Mountain_pine_beetle_damage_in_Rocky_Mountain_National_Park.jpg|alt=Mountain pine beetle damage in Rocky Mountain National Park as of January 2012| Lalacewar dutsen ƙwaro a cikin Parky Mountain National Park har zuwa Janairu 2012 Fayil:Beetle_Infestation_Hume_Lake,_California.jpg|alt=Mountain pine beetle damage at Hume Lake, California as of April 2016| Lalacewar dutsen ƙwaro a tafkin Hume, [[California]] har zuwa Afrilu 2016 </gallery>A baya, sanyi ya kashe kwari, amma tare da yanayin zafi sun kai hari kan gandun daji. Lokacin haifuwa mai tsawo wani abu ne da ke ƙarfafa yaduwar kwari. Haɗin yanayin zafi, harin kwari, da rashin kulawa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata ya haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin tsananin gobarar daji a Montana.<ref name="BarkBeetle" /> Dangane da binciken da aka yi wa Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta Makarantar Injiniya da Kimiyya ta Harvard, sassan Montana za su sami karuwar 200% a yankin da gobarar daji ta ƙone, da kuma karuwar 80% a gurɓataccen iska daga waɗancan gobarar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spracklen |first=D. V |last2=Mickley |first2=L. J |last3=Logan |first3=J. A |last4=Hudman |first4=R. C |last5=Yevich |first5=R |last6=Flannigan |first6=M. D |last7=Westerling |first7=A. L |year=2009 |title=Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=114 |issue=D20 |pages=D20301 |bibcode=2009JGRD..11420301S |doi=10.1029/2008jd010966 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === A kan sake zagayowar carbon === Masu bincike daga Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Kanada sun yi nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin sake zagayowar 2" href="./Carbon" id="mwAaU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Carbon">carbon da gobarar daji, katako da mutuwar bishiyoyi. Sun kammala a shekarar 2020, barkewar kwari na pine zai fitar da megaton 270 na [[carbon dioxide]] a cikin yanayi daga gandun daji na Kanada. Har yanzu ba a yarda da binciken da aka yi game da tasirin sake zagayowar carbon a cikin wani lokaci na gaba ga gandun daji na Arewacin Amurka ba, amma masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa muna cikin "mafi girman" gandun daji da Yammacinmu ya zama tushen carbon off-put wanda ya fi na "sink carbon".<ref name="beetles"/> Sauran masana kimiyya sun ce wannan "maɓallin ƙarshe" zai juya kansa yayin da aka kafa sabuwar rayuwar daji. Wannan sabon ci gaban zai cire [[Tsarin carbon]] dioxide fiye da itatuwan da suka tsufa da suke maye gurbin su. Dangane da binciken 2016 daga Cibiyar Pacific don Magance Yanayi karuwar matakan carbon dioxide na iya soke tasirin kwari a British Columbia ta 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2016 |title=Scientists: Thriving BC forests outpace pine-beetle CO2 losses by 2020 |url=http://pics.uvic.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/sliders/Forestry%20MPB%20April%202017%20FINAL.pdf |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Pics.uvic.ca |archive-date=2022-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122235938/https://pics.uvic.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/sliders/Forestry%20MPB%20April%202017%20FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sakamakon haɓakar ƙaruwar matakan CO2 ya dawo da gandun daji na BC zuwa sink carbon tun daga 2016 ta hanyar Werner Kurz na Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka ta Kanada. === A kan albarkatun ruwa === Masana ilimin ruwa daga Jami'ar Colorado sun bincika tasirin gandun daji da ke cike da kwari a kan sake zagayowar ruwa, musamman, tarin dusar ƙanƙara da narkewa. Sun kammala cewa gandun daji da suka mutu za su tara karin dusar ƙanƙara sakamakon ƙananan bishiyoyi da raguwar dusar ƙara. Wadannan ƙananan rufin kuma suna haifar da saurin narkewar dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar ba da ƙarin hasken rana ta hanyar zuwa ƙasa da kuma saukar da albedo na dusar ƙara, sakamakon lalacewar allura a kan dusar ƙenƙara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mountain pine beetle activity may impact snow accumulation and melt |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/06/110608131334.htm |access-date=2014-02-14 |website=ScienceDaily}}</ref> Ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara tare da itatuwan da suka mutu waɗanda ba sa wucewa zai iya haifar da ƙarin ruwa. == A cikin al'adun ɗan adam == A Custer, Dakota ta Kudu, ana ƙone babban siffar kwari na dutse a kowace Janairu a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin Burning Beetle na shekara-shekara. Bikin ya fara ne a matsayin martani na fasaha ga canjin muhalli wanda ya haifar da yaduwar kwari a cikin Black Hills. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t0v2p51xylva6fonhb7tg8qudoa8hkr 0 109043 967032 680936 2026-10-13T01:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kingsley Eze Emu''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1959) ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin banki, mai ba da shawara kan kudi, ɗan kasuwa, kuma ma'aikacin gwamnati wanda aka sani da gudummawarsa ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na Jama'a. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Emu ne a Owanta, wani gari a yankin Ika na Arewa maso Gabas na [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], Najeriya. A halin yanzu yana aiki ne a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnatin Jiha (SSG) ga Gwamnan [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Delta PDP, Onuesoke Laud Kingsley Emu's Appointment as SSG – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/06/02/delta-pdp-onuesoke-laud-kingsley-emus-appointment-as-ssg/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Metro |first=Asaba |date=2023-05-31 |title=Oborevwori Appoints Kingsley Emu as Delta SSG |url=https://www.asabametro.com/oborevwori-appoints-kingsley-emu-as-delta-ssg/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Asaba Metro News |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2024}} == Sana'a == Emu ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 1989 a [[Babban Bankin Najeriya]] (CBN) sannan daga baya ya riƙe manyan mukamai a manyan cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi, har da Bankin Kasuwanci, Bankin Fidelity, da FinBank PLC, da sauransu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-11-21 |title=Kingsley Eze Emu: A Trailblazer in Nigeria's Private Sector |url=https://newswirengr.com/2024/11/21/kingsley-eze-emu-a-trailblazer-in-nigerias-private-sector/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=NewsWireNGR |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121090644/https://newswirengr.com/2024/11/21/kingsley-eze-emu-a-trailblazer-in-nigerias-private-sector/ |archive-date=2024-11-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci ta yanar gizo a FinBank har zuwa lokacin da ya yi murabus a shekarar 2010. <ref name=":3" /> Baya ga banki, Emu ya shiga cikin kamfanoni irin su Benizia Group da Hotel Benizia Ltd. <ref name=":3" /> Emu ya fara aikinsa na gwamnati a shekarar 2011 tare da [[Delta (jiha)|Gwamnatin Jihar Delta]]. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu daga 2011 zuwa 2014, yana ba da gudummawa ga tsara manufofin tattalin arziki.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Kingsley Emu |url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/secretary-to-the-state-government/#:~:text=He%20was%20one%20time%20Commissioner,June-2nd-Date) |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=DELTA STATE THE BIG HEART |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga 2015 zuwa 2019, ya riƙe mukamin Kwamishinan Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki, yana kula da shirye-shiryen ci gaba da kasafa abubuwan da ake buƙata.<ref name=":4" /> Tsakanin 2019 da 2023, Emu ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai ba da shawara kan Tattalin Arziki ga tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Delta [[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi|Ifeanyi Okowa]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-19 |title=Gov. Okowa appoints 5 special advisers - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/gov-okowa-appoints-5-special-advisers/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=dailytrust |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nseyen |first=Nsikak |date=2019-06-19 |title=Gov. Okowa appoints five Special Advisers |url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/19/gov-okowa-appoints-five-special-advisers/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> A 2023, an naɗa shi Sakatare ga Gwamnatin Jihar Delta, inda yake kula da tsarin gudanarwa da dabarun mulki.<ref name=":1"/> == Rikici == A cikin 2023, an kama wata kungiya mai aikata laifuka saboda zargin da ake yi wa Kingsley Eze Emu don zamban waɗansu miliyoyin naira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinrogbe |first=Alex |date=2023-11-21 |title=Police arrest fraudster who impersonated Delta SSG |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/21/police-arrest-fraudster-who-impersonated-delta-ssg/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ochei |first=Matthew |date=2023-11-22 |title=Police arrest man for impersonating Delta SSG |url=https://punchng.com/police-arrest-man-for-impersonating-delta-ssg-2/ |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Shari'ar ta nuna kalubalen shaidan sata da zamba a Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] m2z3yx7nwvjmqn0domnuc3w38p33kj9 0 110171 966853 822737 2026-10-12T14:47:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''John Graham''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1955) ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne, Yukoner, Champagne da Aishihik ɗan ƙasar farko, kuma tsohon ɗan gwagwarmayar 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka. An kuma fi saninsa da laifin kisan dan gwagwarmayar Indiyawan Amurka [[Anna Mae Aquash]] . <ref name="Indigenous Women For Justice">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Lies of John Graham |url=http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/graham.html#and%20then |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513225817/http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/graham.html#and%20then |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Indigenous Women for Justice}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Graham a Whitehorse, <ref name="Defense Committee">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Letter and Petition Campaign |url=http://www.grahamdefense.org/letter_campaign.htm |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=John Graham Defense Committee}}</ref> Yukon, Kanada kuma memba ne na Kudancin Tutchone Champagne da mutanen farko na Aishihik . <ref name="Yukon News">{{Cite web |last=Stasyszyn |first=Roxanne |date=1 June 2012 |title=John Graham's appeal shot down |url=http://www.yukon-news.com/news/john-grahams-appeal-shot-down |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Indigenous Women for Justice}}</ref> Wata majiya ta nuna cewa Graham ya fito ne daga Haines Junction, Yukon . <ref name="Onsite Review">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 February 2013 |url=http://www.onsitereview.ca/miscellanea/20Onsite |access-date=17 August 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == John Graham mahaifin yara takwas ne kuma tsohon mazaunin [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]] . <ref name="Straight">{{Cite web |last=Dunphy |first=Martin |date=4 February 2011 |title=John Graham lawyer to appeal conviction, life sentence in Aquash murder trial in South Dakota · "Cruel and unusual punishment" cited as grounds to allow parole |url=https://www.straight.com/article-373245/vancouver/graham-lawyer-appeal-conviction-life-sentence-aquash-murder-trial-south-dakota |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Straight}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Graham memba ne na dogon lokaci na [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] . A shekara ta 1974, lokacin da Graham ke da shekaru 17, ya shiga cikin 'yan asalin ƙasar Caravan daga [[Vancouver]] zuwa [[Ottawa]], wani taron zama mara izini wanda mahalarta 300 daga Caravan suka koma cikin ginin Carbide Mill da aka watsar a Tsibirin Victoria, a bayan gine-ginen majalisar a Ottawa, na tsawon watanni 5. Graham ya kuma kasance mai aiki a cikin zanga-zangar a duk sauran lardunan Kanada. A [[Vancouver]], Graham ya kuma shiga a matsayin memba na Beothuck Patrol, ƙungiyar First Nations wacce ke gudanar da sa ido kan tituna game da cin zarafin 'yan sanda. A watan Yunin 1980, Caravan for Survival, wanda ya hada da Graham a matsayin mai zanga-zangar, ya kunshi wanda ya tuka daga [[Saskatchewan]]" id="mwdg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan, babban birnin Saskatchew, zuwa arewacin Saskatchewar uranium boom garin La Ronge don nuna rashin amincewa da budewar hukumar binciken Key Lake Uranium Mine Board of Inquiry.<ref name="JFAMR Photo Album">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Anne Mae Aquash Survival Camp, Summer 1981, near Pinehouse, Saskatchewan |url=http://www.grahamdefense.org/photoalbum2.htm |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=John Graham Defense Committee}}</ref> Bayan kammalawar 'yan asalin ƙasar Caravan, Graham ya shiga cikin aikinsa na farko na makamai lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙungiyar New York don samar da tallafi (a matsayin babban tsaro) ga sake mamaye ƙasar [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] a [[Ganienkeh]], wanda aka fi sani da Eagle Lake . A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1981, kungiyar AIM Survival Group ta bude sansanin Anne Mae Aquash Survival Camp kusa da al'ummar Pinehouse, wanda ke arewacin Saskatchewan, a kan hanyar Key Lake, wanda aka yi don ƙirƙirar wani taro inda za'a iya tattauna batutuwan haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar da matsalolin masana'antar uranium a bayyane. Graham na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da ke sansanin.<ref name="JFAMR Photo Album"/> A cikin watanni na Mayu da Yuni a cikin shekarar 1984, Graham ya yi magana a ko'ina cikin [[Turai]], a kan yawon shakatawa da aka shirya ta mai adawa da nukiliya na Turai, 'yancin' yan asalin ƙasar da kungiyoyin muhalli don wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin hakar uranium a [[Kanada]] akan' 'Yan asalin Kanada.<ref name="WiserInternational">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 January 2004 |title=Independent Radiation Surveys at Niger Uranium Mines Obstructed |url=https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/602/independent-radiation-surveys-niger-uranium-mines-obstructed |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Wiser International }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihin Shari'a == === Kisan Anna Mae Aquash === [[Anna Mae Aquash|Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash]] sananniyar murya ce kuma babbar mai fafutuka a cikin rukunin [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]]. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1975, an tilasta wa Aquash fita daga gidan mai fafutukar [[Denver]] [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] Troy Lynn S. Yellow Wood duk da rashin amincewar da ya yi cewa wani mummunan abu zai faru da Aquash. Daga nan aka kai Aquash zuwa wani gida a cikin Rapid City mallakar ɗan'uwan Russell Means, inda aka yi mata tambayoyi kuma, masu gabatar da kara sun zarge ta, an kama ta, Graham ya azabtar da ita kuma ya yi mata fyade.<ref name="NativeTimes">{{Cite web |last=Merchant |first=Nomaan |date=8 December 2010 |title=Man testifies at US trial he saw AIM activist shot |url=http://www.nativetimes.com/index.php/news/crime/4718-man-testifies-at-us-trial-he-saw-aim-activist-shot |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Heishort}}</ref> Looking Cloud, daya daga cikin abokan Graham da Nelson-Clark, ya ce ya ji Graham da Aquash "suna yin jima'i" a cikin ɗakin kwana na wani gidan Rapid City (wanda aka danganta mallakarsa ga [[Thelma Conroy-Rios|Thelma Rios]] da mahaifiyarta <ref name="Injustice Busters">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2 February 2005 |title=Extradition challenged: Misidentification evidence placed before judge |url=http://injusticebusters.org/04/Graham_John.htm |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Injustice Busters}}</ref>); mai gabatar da kara ya zargi Graham ya yi wa Aquash fyade. <ref name="NativeTimes"/> Looking Cloud ya jira a waje da dakin yayin da Graham ya yi wa Aquash fyade, kuma Graham ya yarda a cikin hira / tambayoyi cewa Looking Cloud yana jira a waje na dakin inda aka tsare Anna Mae.<ref name="Indigenous Women for Justice">{{Cite web |last=Merchant |first=Nomaan |date=2 March 2004 |title=Man Indicted for Anna Mae's Murder Refuses to take Lie-Detector Test |url=http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/lie.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306163441/http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/lie.html |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Heishort}}</ref> Daga nan aka koma Aquash da karfi zuwa Reservation na Indiyawan Rosebud inda magoya bayan AIM suka ki ba ta masauki. <ref name="JFAMR Timeline">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Aquash Murder Case Timeline |url=http://jfamr.org/trialtime.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040214075609/http://jfamr.org/trialtime.html |archive-date=2004-02-14 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2018)">mafi kyau&nbsp;tushe&nbsp;Da ake bukata</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Neman Cloud, tare da [[Theda Nelson Clarke]] da Graham, sun tilasta Aquash a cikin bayan mota kuma ya tuka ta zuwa wani yanki mai nisa na Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, inda aka harbe Aquash style kisa a bayan kai kuma ya bar ya mutu. <ref name="Legend of Pine Ridge">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=28 July 2008 |title=Why Was Anna Mae Aquash Really Murdered? |url=http://legendofpineridge.blogspot.com/2008/07/why-was-anna-mae-aquash-really-murdered.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=Legend of Pine Ridge}}</ref> Jikinta ya kasance kusan watanni biyu bayan haka a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1976 <ref name="Huffington Post">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 August 2007 |title=What is the Truth About the Murder of Anna Mae? |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tim-giago/what-is-the-truth-about-t_b_62521.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> a kan Rijiyar Indiya ta Pine Ridge a kasan wani kwarin da ke kusa da wata babbar hanya. <ref name="First Nation's Drums">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 December 2000 |title=What is the Truth About the Murder of Anna Mae? |url=http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/2000/12/murder-of-anna-mae-aquash-unsolved-after-23-years/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717020733/http://firstnationsdrum.com/2000/12/murder-of-anna-mae-aquash-unsolved-after-23-years/ |archive-date=17 July 2011 |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=First Nation's Drums}}</ref> An bayyana cewa an kashe Aquash da makami, yayin da binciken gawarwakin ya nuna cewa an danne bakin bindigar a bayan wuyanta. <ref name="Mail Archives">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=7 August 1999 |title=NATIVE_NEWS: ANNA MAE: A Badlands trail of secrets and murder |url=https://www.mail-archive.com/nativenews@mlists.net/msg03815.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=Mail Archives}}</ref> Rahoton mai binciken ya nuna cewa baya ga mummunar harbin bindigar, fallasa ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Aquash, <ref name="Occupirate">{{Cite web |last=Sparrow |first=CJ |date=22 June 2013 |title=Who killed Anna Mae Aquash and who cares anyway? |url=http://occupirate.blogspot.com/2013/06/who-killed-anna-mae-aquash-and-who.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=Occupirate}}</ref> yayin da jikinta ya yi sanyi a lokacin da aka gano shi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> === Kamawa === A ranar 30 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2003, an tuhumi Graham da kisan kai na farko na shekara ta 1975 / kisan kai da aka yi wa [[Anna Mae Aquash|Anna Mae]] a Amurka. Saboda Graham ya kasance mazaunin [[Vancouver]] a lokacin, shari'ar ta buƙaci fitar da Graham. A ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2003, an kama Graham a [[Vancouver]] saboda kisan Pictou-Aquash, kuma an sanya belinsa a $ 50,000.00.<ref name="Westgate House">{{Cite web |last=Pierre |first=Billie |date= |title=US Renews War on the American Indian Movement:The Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash Story |url=http://westgatehouse.com/art213.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217134712/http://westgatehouse.com/art213.html |archive-date=17 February 2017 |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> Graham ya yi tsayayya da mika shi, kuma duk da cewa an tsare shi a gidansa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2003, ya shigar da kara a cikin [[British Columbia]] don hana shari'ar ci gaba.<ref name="Rapid City Journal #02">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 June 2007 |title=John Graham loses extradition appeal for 1975 Pine Ridge slaying · Former AIM activist charged in 1975 death of Anna Mae Pictou Aquash |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/local/top-stories/john-graham-loses-extradition-appeal-for-pine-ridge-slaying/article_c1d9e9ca-8ae7-5225-8828-87f6b69400ce.html |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, babban alƙalin ya tsawaita belin Graham zuwa 23 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 2006, ya ba lauyan Graham, Terry LaLiberte lokaci don shigar da kara biyo bayan shawarar [[British Columbia Supreme Court|Kotun Koli ta British Columbia]] ta fitar da Graham.<ref name="AIMovement2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=8 November 2005 |title=American Indian Movement Grand Governing Council· Ministry for Information |url=http://www.aimovement.org/moipr/graham.html |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> Graham ya rasa roko, an soke belinsa kuma an kai shi kurkuku don jiran mika shi, <ref name="Rapid City Journal #02" /> wanda ya faru a ranar 6 ga Disamba 2007. === Amurka v. Graham === An tuhumi John Graham a Amurka a ranar 30 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2003 tare da kisan kai na farko na shekara ta 1975 / kisan kai da aka yi wa [[Anna Mae Aquash|Anna Mae]]. Bayan dogon shari'a a kotunan tarayya, an kori tuhumar kisan kai ta tarayya a Amurka v. Graham, 572 F.3d 954 (8th Cir.2009). <ref name="Case Law">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Supreme Court of South Dakota. STATE of South Dakota, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. John GRAHAM a/k/a John Boy Patton, Defendant and Appellant. No. 25899. Decided: 30 May 2012 |url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/sd-supreme-court/1602291.html |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Case Law}}</ref> === Jihar Dakota ta Kudu v. Graham === Koyaya, kafin Graham ya koma Kanada, babban juri na Pennington County ya gurfanar da shi kan tuhumar jihar ta kisan kai da kisan kai. An yi zargin cewa laifin da ya faru shi ne satar Aquash.<ref name="Case Law #2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Supreme Court of South Dakota. STATE of South Dakota, Plaintiff and Appellee, v. John GRAHAM a/k/a John Boy Patton, Defendant and Appellant. No. 25899. Decided: 30 May 2012 |url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/sd-supreme-court/1602291.html#footnote_3 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Case Law}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, Alkalin [[South Dakota|Dakota ta Kudu]] John Delaney ya haramta duk wani ambaton wani binciken da aka yi a cikin rahoton binciken gawa na farko na Aquash wanda ya nuna cewa tana iya yin jima'i jim kadan kafin mutuwarta ga masu juriya, binciken da masu gabatar da kara suka ce ya samo asali ne daga Graham da ake zargi da fyade Aquash yayin satar ta. <ref name="Native Times #1">{{Cite web |last=Merchant |first=Norman |date=8 December 2010 |title=Prosecution rests in 1975 AIM slaying trial |url=http://www.nativetimes.com/news/crime/4709-prosecution-rests-in-1975-aim-slaying-trial |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Native Times}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, Nichols-Ecoffey ta shaida cewa wani mai fafutukar AIM da aka yanke masa hukunci daga baya da kashe jami'an FBI guda biyu ya yi wata sanarwa a gabanta da Aquash, wanda daga baya aka harbe shi kuma aka kashe shi.<ref name="Native Times #1"/> Sanarwar "ƙaddamarwa" ta yi nuni da shigar Peltier ta hanyar "harbe mahaifiyar***** wacce ke rokon rayuwarsa, kuma har yanzu tana harbe shi. " Ecoffey, tsohuwar matar doka ta shugaban AIM Dennis Banks, Alkalin Kotun Da'ira John Delaney ya hana ta gaya wa masu juri daidai abin da ta yi zargin cewa memba na kungiyar Leonard Peltier ya gaya mata watanni shida kafin a kashe Aquash.<ref name="JFAMR #5">{{Cite web |last=DeMain |first=Paul |date= |title=Aquash Murder Case Timeline |url=http://www.jfamr.org/trialtime.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513114250/http://www.jfamr.org/trialtime.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> Alkalin ya yi la'akari da jin dadi. Amma a karkashin tambayoyi daga masu gabatar da kara, an yarda ta ce Peltier ta yi wata sanarwa "mai laifi".<ref name="Native Times #1" /> An yanke wa Graham hukunci kan kisan kai a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010 bayan masu juriya sun ji shaidar cewa ya taimaka wajen sace Aquash daga [[Denver]] a watan Disamba. <ref name="Rapid City Journal #3">{{Cite web |last=Geise |first=Heidi Bell |date=24 January 2011 |title=Graham sentenced to life in prison |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/graham-sentenced-to-life-in-prison/article_5dc46ba0-27f0-11e0-8b71-001cc4c03286.html |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Rapid City Journal}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yanke wa Graham hukuncin daurin rai da rai a kurkuku saboda kisan.<ref name="Rapid City Journal #3" /><ref name="Indianz #2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 January 2011 |title=John Graham sentenced to life in prison for 1975 Aquash murder |url=http://www.indianz.com/News/2011/000237.asp |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Indianz}}</ref> === Roƙon 2012 === Graham ya ci gaba da tabbatar da rashin laifinsa kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da ƙarar da za ta ba shi damar sake shi daga kurkuku. Kotun Koli ta Kudu Dakota ta saurari bahasi na baka game da hukuncin da aka yanke masa na 2010 a ranar 19 ga Maris 2012 a Vermillion, [[South Dakota]] . <ref name="Rapid City Journal">{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Andrea J. |date=25 February 2012 |title=Rapid City Journal |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/john-graham-appeal-accepted-for-supreme-court-hearing/article_5833e19e-5f5c-11e1-bf4a-001871e3ce6c.html |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Indianz}}</ref> Lauyan Graham, John Murphy, ya bayar da hujjar cewa bai kamata gwamnati ta kasance tana da ikon canja wurin shari'arsa daga tarayya zuwa hurumin jiha ba bayan an mika shi ga Amurka, <ref name="Native Times #2">{{Cite web |last=Lammers |first=Dirk |date=20 March 2012 |title=Canadian appeals conviction in '75 AIM slaying |url=http://www.nativetimes.com/index.php/news/crime/7000-canadian-appeals-conviction-in-75-aim-slaying |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Native Times}}</ref> Kotun Koli ta Kudu Dakota ta yanke hukuncin cewa jihar na cikin hakkinta na gurfanar da Graham, akwai isassun shaidun da za su hukunta Graham, kuma hukuncin daurin rai da rai ya aikata ba tare da hukunta shi ba. Don haka Kotun Koli ta Kudu Dakota ta yi watsi da karar John Graham. <ref name="South Dakota Attorney General">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 September 2013 |title=South Dakota Supreme Court Dismisses John Graham Appeal |url=https://atg.sd.gov/OurOffice/Media/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?id=1054 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=South Dakota Attorney General}}</ref> Graham a halin yanzu an daure shi a gidan yari ta Kudu Dakota a Sioux Falls, South Dakota. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.grahamdefense.org/ |website=grahamdefense.org}}</ref> === Roƙon 2018 === A ranar 30 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Graham ya daukaka kara ga kotun daukaka kara ta Amurka a kan batun cewa, "kotun ba ta da iko a kansa saboda shi ɗan ƙasar Kanada ne wanda ake zargin mika shi ya keta yarjejeniya".<ref name="Black Hills Fox">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 March 2018 |title=Murder conviction of AIM member affirmed |url=https://atg.sd.gov/OurOffice/Media/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?id=1054 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=Black Hills Fox}}</ref> Masu kare Graham sun yi jayayya cewa hukuncin da aka yanke masa a shekarar 2011 a Dakota ta Kudu ya kasance saboda kisan kai, wani laifi wanda bai wanzu a Kanada ba, da kuma wani laifi da ba a ambaci bukatar mika shi ba.<ref name="Argus Leader">{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Jonathan |date=4 April 2018 |title=Man loses bid to overturn Anna Mae Aquash murder conviction |url=https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/2018/04/04/man-loses-bid-overturn-anna-mae-aquash-murder-conviction/484104002/ |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=Argus Leader}}</ref> Koyaya, da'irar ta takwas ta amince da hukuncin Graham, kuma an hana daukaka kara.<ref name="Case Text">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=30 March 2018 |title=Graham v. Young |url=https://casetext.com/case/graham-v-young-2 |access-date=18 July 2019 |website=Case Text |archive-date=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718054743/https://casetext.com/case/graham-v-young-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwamitin alƙalai uku sun yarda cewa ba a rubuta kisan kai a cikin buƙatar fitarwa ta asali da Amurka ta rubuta ba. Koyaya, izinin da Kanada ta bayar ya faɗaɗa ikon mika shi, kuma, bisa ga ra'ayin Kotun Gundumar Gundumar takwas, ya wuce ikon Gundumar ta takwas don fassara dokokin Kanada.<ref name="Argus Leader" /> == Sakamakon haka == Shari'ar Graham da yanke masa hukunci sun kasance batun bincike da jayayya, tare da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo masu zaman kansu da masu gwagwarmaya da ke rubuta takardu don tallafawa, ko inganta wasu ra'ayoyi game da laifukan da aka yanke wa Graham hukunci. Wasu sun rubuta cewa Graham ya yi iƙirarin cewa an ziyarci shi da iyalinsa sau da yawa a Yukon a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma ana zargin cewa za a tuhume shi da kisan kai idan bai haɗa jagorancin [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] a cikin kisan ba.<ref name="Anarchist News">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 January 2008 |title=Anarchist solidarity with indigenous warrior John Graham |url=https://anarchistnews.org/content/anarchist-solidarity-indigenous-warrior-john-graham |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828071022/https://anarchistnews.org/content/anarchist-solidarity-indigenous-warrior-john-graham |archive-date=28 August 2018 |access-date=17 August 2016 |website=Anarchist News}}</ref> Bayan mika Graham zuwa Amurka, an kafa Kwamitin Tsaro na John Graham.<ref name="Folk Kampen">{{Cite web |last=Goldstick |first=Miles |date=6 January 2006 |title=John Graham Arrested on 1 Dec. 2003 |url=http://www.folkkampanjen.se/doc1/mg20040106.html |access-date=17 August 2016}}</ref> Manufar kungiyar ita ce ta tabbatar da rashin laifi. Duk da yarjejeniyar neman gafara ta Looking Cloud wanda ya haɗa da yin shaida a kan John Graham don musayar rage hukuncinsa na kurkuku, Kwamitin Tsaro na Graham ya nuna cewa zai taimaka wa Looking Cloud ya kafa ƙungiyar daukaka kara ta shari'a. A cewar wani wakilin daga Kwamitin Tsaro na Graham, ban da tabbacin Looking Cloud wanda ya dogara da rashin shaidar shari'a, sun kuma nuna cewa, "Duk da haka kwamitin Tsaro naGraham zai taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar daukaka kara ta shari'a don Looking Cloud. Me ya sa ya taimaka masa lokacin da ya shafi John? Ba mu yi imani da ya yi niyyar shigar da John ba. "<ref name="IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork #2">{{Cite web |last=Melmer |first=David |date=12 February 2004 |title=Looking Cloud trial raises questions |url=http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2004/02/12/looking-cloud-trial-raises-questions-89957 |access-date=16 August 2016 |website=Indian Country Today Media Networkz}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9v1ovp6fpixchn9u12b096gvykc71o5 0 110811 967061 707323 2026-10-13T06:02:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |Kungiyar Masu Tsaro ta Amirka | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Native_American_Guardians_Association_Logo.png|alt=Native American Guardians Association Logo|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Takaitaccen bayani | class="infobox-data nickname" |NAGA |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Kafawa | class="infobox-data note" |Afrilu 6, 2017<span class="noprint">; Shekaru 8 da suka gabata&#x20;</span> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017-04-06</span>)&nbsp;</span> <ref name="VA - SCC"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="184">[https://cis.scc.virginia.gov/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation?businessId=164960&source=FromEntityResult&isSeries%20=%20false "State Corporation Commission Clerk's Information System"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="185">''Virginia - SCC''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="186"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-11</span></span>.</span></cite></ref>&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Wadanda suka kafa | class="infobox-data" |Mark Yellowhorse BeasleyEunice DavidsonAndre Billeaudeaux William BrothertonWalt Brown <ref name="VA - SCC" /><br /><br /><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |An kafa shi a | class="infobox-data" |[[Annandale, Virginia]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Irin wannan | class="infobox-data" |[[501(c)(3) organization|501 (c) (3) Kamfanin]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Taxpayer Identification Number|ID na haraji ba.]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Employer Identification Number|EIN]] 82-1240491 <ref name="ProPublica" /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Matsayi na Shari'a | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan sadaka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Manufar | class="infobox-data" |Tarihin 'yan asalin Amurka da Tsaro na Al'adu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Hedikwatar | class="infobox-data" |[[Devils Lake, North Dakota|Devils Lake, Arewacin Dakota]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi</div> | class="infobox-data" |Amurka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Harshen hukuma</div> | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Shugaban kasa</div> | class="infobox-data" |Anthony "Tony" Henson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mataimakin Shugaban kasa</div> | class="infobox-data" |Frank Black Cloud |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mai ba da kuɗi</div> | class="infobox-data" |David Davidson |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Sakatare</div> | class="infobox-data" |Crystal Tso |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">[[Board of directors|<span class="wrap">Kwamitin Daraktoci&nbsp;</span>]]</div> | class="infobox-data" |Jonathan Tso, David Finkenbinder, Demetrius Maraz, Jeffrey Charley, Eunice Davidson, Andre Billeaudeaux - Mataimakin memba, Pretty Deer Eagleman, Cif Walt Brown III, Ivan A. Dozier, Mark Yellowhorse, Michael D. Larrañaga, Jeffery Charley, William Brotherton |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Shafin yanar gizo | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[https://www.nagaeducation.org/ www.nagaeducation.org]</span> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid;" |Tushen: [[ProPublica|ProPublic]] <ref name="ProPublica"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/821240491 "Nonprofit Explorer: Research Tax-Exempt Organizations"]. </cite></ref> |} The Native American Guardians Association ('''NAGA''') ƙungiya ce ta Indiyawan [[Native Americans in the United States|Indiyawan Amurka]] wacce aka kafa a watan Yunin 2017 a matsayin mai zaman kanta tare da manufar inganta Tarihin Indiyawan Amurka da Tsaro. Wakilan NAGA sun kasance masu aiki a cikin muhawara game da kayan masarufi na 'yan asalin Amurka, suna adawa da cire su ta hanyar samar da masu adawa da canji da maki masu magana ko kuma ta hanyar membobin da ke ba da shaida don tallafawa riƙe kayan masarufin. <ref name="Hartford Courant2">{{Cite web |last=Fawcett |first=Eliza |date=12 December 2019 |title=In heated debate over mascot, Killingly board of education rescinds "Red Hawks," but fails in bid to restore "Redmen" name |url=https://www.courant.com/2019/12/12/in-heated-debate-over-mascot-killingly-board-of-education-rescinds-red-hawks-but-fails-in-bid-to-restore-redmen-name/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=[[Hartford Courant]]}}</ref><ref name="Skowhegan2">{{Cite web |last=Ohm |first=Rachel |date=24 February 2019 |title=National group defends 'Indians' name, meets with Skowhegan supporters |url=https://www.centralmaine.com/2019/02/24/national-group-defends-indians-name-meets-with-skowhegan-supporters/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=centralmaine.com}}</ref> == Taimako ga Washington Redskins == ''Sports Illustrated'' ( ''SI'' ) ya binciki ƙungiyoyin pro-Redskins daban-daban waɗanda suka yi magana ko suka rubuta a madadin Daniel Snyder a kotu, kuma sun gano cewa yawancin suna karɓar gudummawar dala dubu da yawa daga Gidauniyar Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation (WROAF), wanda Snyder ya kafa. Musamman, ''SI'' ta gano cewa NAGA ta karɓi $68,360 daga WROAF jim kaɗan kafin amicus curiae ƙungiyar ta yi don ci gaba da riƙe sunan Redskins a bainar jama'a. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa "dangantaka kai tsaye tsakanin NAGA da tawagar Snyder abu ne mai wuyar samu, amma dangantaka ta kai tsaye ta yi kamari" in ji dan majalisar zartarwa Mark Yancy na rashin jinin 'yan asalin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Michael |date=28 July 2014 |title=Native American backing team name is VIP at practice |url=https://richmond.com/redskins-xtra/native-american-backing-team-name-is-vip-at-practice/article_986d011c-c2c9-59a6-8d5d-035236683bfe.html?mode=image&photo=0 |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820032238/https://richmond.com/redskins-xtra/native-american-backing-team-name-is-vip-at-practice/article_986d011c-c2c9-59a6-8d5d-035236683bfe.html?mode=image&photo=0 |archive-date=20 August 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> NAGA ta ce ana ba da tallafin ne ta hanyar gudummawa daga masu ba da gudummawa masu zaman kansu, kuma ƙungiyar ba ta bayyana wanda ya ba da gudummawa ba don haka alaƙa da WROAF za ta ɓace. Mutanen da ''SI'' ta yi hira da su sun kira haduwa da kungiyar "abin damuwa" saboda "ba su da wata alaka da al'ummomin da suka yi kokarin shiga tsakani, amma kuma saboda wasu [membobi] suna da ta'addanci." A watan Yulin 2023 wani magoya bayan Kwamandojin Washington ya fara takardar neman a canza sunan kungiyar zuwa Redskins. Daga baya, rahotanni na labarai sun fara danganta korafin ga NAGA, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2023 |title=Native American Group Want Commanders To Restore Redskins Name |url=https://www.chicagostarmedia.com/sports/national/native-american-group-want-commanders-to-restore-redskins-name/video_88eb5b46-06f3-5468-bd61-775b121dd070.html |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Chicago Star Media |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011012800/https://www.chicagostarmedia.com/sports/national/native-american-group-want-commanders-to-restore-redskins-name/video_88eb5b46-06f3-5468-bd61-775b121dd070.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> sannan rahotanni suka biyo baya cewa NAGA za ta fara kauracewa kamar wanda [[Bud Light]] boycott">ya shafi Anheuser-Busch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WALKER |first=JACKSON |date=7 August 2023 |title=Native American group threatens boycott 'similar to Anheuser Busch' if Commanders ignore name petition |url=https://wjla.com/news/local/native-american-group-threatens-boycott-similar-to-anheuser-busch-if-commanders-ignore-name-petition-washington-redskins-nfl-football-sports-news-updates-bud-light-busch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818070903/https://wjla.com/news/local/native-american-group-threatens-boycott-similar-to-anheuser-busch-if-commanders-ignore-name-petition-washington-redskins-nfl-football-sports-news-updates-bud-light-busch |archive-date=August 18, 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[WJLA-TV]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WALKER |first=JACKSON |date=15 August 2023 |title=Native American group promising Anheuser Busch-style boycott of Commanders backs Cleveland Guardians name change |url=https://cbsaustin.com/news/nation-world/native-american-group-promising-anheuser-busch-style-boycott-of-commanders-backs-cleveland-guardians-name-change |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[KEYE-TV]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da martani daga sabon kwamandoji shugaban Jason Wright yana mai bayyana cewa canji zuwa Redskins "ba a la'akari da shi ba. Lokaci" da kuma kwamandojin da ke ba da sanarwa cewa Bud Light shine giya na hukuma na tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WALKER |first=JACKSON |date=17 August 2023 |title=Commanders embrace Bud Light as 'official beer partner' with boycott looming over name change |url=https://thenationaldesk.com/news/americas-news-now/commanders-embrace-bud-light-as-official-beer-partner-as-promised-anheuser-busch-style-boycott-looms-washington-dylan-mulvaney-cleveland-guardians |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[The National Desk]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WALKER |first=JACKSON |date=30 August 2023 |title=Commanders president shuts down pushes for name reversal: 'It is not being considered. Period.' |url=https://abc3340.com/news/nation-world/commanders-president-shuts-down-pushes-for-name-reversal-it-is-not-being-considered-period-washington-dc-jason-wright-nfl-football-native-american-guardians-association-naga |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[WBMA-LD]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Majalisar Dokokin Indiyawan Amurka]] ta bayyana cewa sanarwar Wright ce ta karfafa shi da ci gaba da kokarin barin abubuwan da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NCAI Encouraged by Washington Commanders' Decision to Leave the Past Behind |url=https://www.ncai.org/news/articles/2023/08/30/ncai-encouraged-by-washington-commanders-decision-to-leave-the-past-behind |access-date=2023-08-31 |archive-date=2023-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921170906/https://www.ncai.org/news/articles/2023/08/30/ncai-encouraged-by-washington-commanders-decision-to-leave-the-past-behind |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2023 NAGA ta shigar da kara a Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta Arewacin Dakota a kan Kwamandojin saboda ɓata suna kiran NAGA ƙungiya ta karya; da kuma yin makirci don keta haƙƙin farar hula na NAGA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Monk |first=Jim |date=25 September 2023 |title=North Dakota group sues NFL's Washington Commanders for dropping 'Redskins' name |url=https://www.kvrr.com/2023/09/25/north-dakota-group-sues-nfls-washington-commanders-for-dropping-redskins-name/ |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[KVRR]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011012800/https://www.kvrr.com/2023/09/25/north-dakota-group-sues-nfls-washington-commanders-for-dropping-redskins-name/ |archive-date=11 October 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=WALKER |first=JACKSON |date=25 September 2023 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Washington Commanders sued by Native American organization trying to restore old team name |url=https://nbcmontana.com/news/nation-world/exclusive-washington-commanders-sued-by-native-american-organization-trying-to-restore-old-team-name-redskins-native-american-guardians-association-naga-cleveland-kansas-city-chiefs-american-indians-ncai |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[KECI]] |language=en}}</ref> Alkalin ya watsar da karar a watan Afrilu, 2024 bisa ga rashin iko, wanda ake tuhuma ba ya cikin ko yin kasuwanci a jihar. == Mascot na makarantar sakandare == === Makarantar Sakandare ta Skowhegan ===   A watan Fabrairun 2019, kwamitin Makarantar Sakandare ta Yankin Skowhegan ya kada kuri'a don yin ritaya da mascot dinsa, "Indians", don goyon bayan "River Hawks", kasancewar makarantar karshe a [[Maine (Tarayyar Amurka)|Maine]] tare da mascot na 'yan asalin Amurka. Kafin zaben, NAGA ta tuntubi daya daga cikin mambobin Kwamitin Makaranta da ke adawa da canjin sunan, Jennifer Poirir, tana ba da taimako. An shirya wani taron sirri, na gayyata kawai a watan Fabrairun 2019 don kawai wadanda ke tallafawa kiyaye sunan. Maulian Dana, jakadan kabilanci na Penobscot Nation kuma mai goyon bayan canza sunan, ya kira shi "gidan nuna wariyar launin fata". A Facebook, Sherri Mitchell, lauya mai kare hakkin 'yan asalin ƙasar a Maine, ya kira NAGA "Indians na ƙarya" wanda kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Washington ke biya don inganta kayan masarufi na asali. Koyaya, jagorancin NAGA ya haɗa da mambobi da yawa na kabilun 'yan asalin Amurka. Mambobin yankin na Wabanaki Confederacy sun nuna rashin amincewa da gabatarwar da NAGA ta ba kwamitin makarantar, suna mai cewa kasancewar Indiyawa daga wasu kabilun sun karya "al'adar baki" na 'yan asalin ƙasarsu kawai "suna magana don al'ummarku". <ref name="Skowhegan">{{Cite web |last=Ohm |first=Rachel |date=24 February 2019 |title=National group defends 'Indians' name, meets with Skowhegan supporters |url=https://www.centralmaine.com/2019/02/24/national-group-defends-indians-name-meets-with-skowhegan-supporters/ |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=centralmaine.com}}</ref> Masu zanga-zangar Wabanaki sun kuma ce NAGA tana da "sunan tashin hankali" kuma "ba su da damar kasancewa a nan".[ing]<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Visitors defend 'Indians' nickname in Skowhegan |url=https://www.pressherald.com/2019/02/24/visitors-defend-indians-nickname-in-skowhegan/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=[[Portland Press Herald]]}}</ref> === Makarantar Sakandare mai banƙyama === A watan Yunin 2019, kwamitin ilimi na Killingly High School a [[Connecticut]] ya yi ritaya daga mascot din su, Redman, yana mai nuna damuwa cewa yana da wariyar launin fata da kuma cin zarafin 'yan asalin Amurka. A cikin zaben da ya biyo baya a watan Nuwamba, an zabi mafi rinjaye na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jamhuriyar Republican]] kuma daga baya sun jefa kuri'a 5-4 don sake dawo da mascot (wani Jamhuriyan Republican ya jefa kuri'u tare da 'yan Democrat a kan matakin). Yawancin mambobi sun rufe maganganunsu tare da taken NAGA, "Ilimi, ba kawarwa ba". Koyaya, masu sukar sun ce kungiyar kungiya ce da ba ta wakiltar ra'ayoyin yawancin 'yan asalin Amurka ba. Mambobin majalisa biyu na Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation, mai nisan kilomita 30 daga Killingly, sun gaya wa hukumar "Redmen" wani zagi ne wanda ba ya girmama su.<ref name="Hartford Courant">{{Cite web |last=Fawcett |first=Eliza |date=12 December 2019 |title=In heated debate over mascot, Killingly board of education rescinds "Red Hawks," but fails in bid to restore "Redmen" name |url=https://www.courant.com/2019/12/12/in-heated-debate-over-mascot-killingly-board-of-education-rescinds-red-hawks-but-fails-in-bid-to-restore-redmen-name/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=[[Hartford Courant]]}}</ref> === Colorado === A cikin 2021, Jihar Colorado ta zartar da dokar da ta hana amfani da nassoshi ga 'yan asalin Amurka ta kowace hanya a matsayin mascot ga kowane makaranta, jama'a, masu zaman kansu, ko sashi, sai dai idan makarantar ta shiga yarjejeniya tare da takamaiman kabilar' yan asalin Amurka kafin dokokin ta wuce. NAGA ta kai karar jihar Colorado kuma Gidauniyar Shari'a ta Mountain States za ta wakilce ta.<ref name="Gazette">{{Cite web |last=Goodland |first=Marianne |date=13 November 2021 |title=Lawsuit reveals tribal rift over American Indian mascots |url=https://gazette.com/colorado_politics/lawsuit-reveals-tribal-rift-over-american-indian-mascots/article_71ea2890-43eb-11ec-beb9-0766edd8b9e7.html |access-date=18 August 2023 |website=[[The Gazette (Colorado Springs)|The Gazette]]}}</ref> Wani memba na kwamishinan gwamnan, Darius Smith (Navajo), ya ce NAGA ba ta da gaskiya ko wakiltar yadda yawancin Indiyawan Amurka ke ji game da batun. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2022, alƙalin ya watsar da karar bisa la'akari da NAGA da ta kasa kafa matsayi don kawo karar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Westney |first=Andrew |date=May 6, 2022 |title=Colorado Judge Nixes Suit Over Native School Mascot Ban |url=https://www.law360.com/sports-and-betting/articles/1490913/colorado-judge-nixes-suit-over-native-school-mascot-ban |url-access=registration |website=[[Law360]]}}</ref> === Arizona === An tambayi Eric Descheenie (Navajo) a cikin 2021 idan zai goyi bayan lissafin da zai yi kama da na Nevada da Colorado wanda ke hana 'yan asalin ƙasar a makarantu. A cikin 2018, a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Arizona, Descheenie ya gabatar da lissafin da zai haramta nuna sunayen ƙungiyoyi waɗanda kabilun suka ɗauka suna da banƙyama a cikin wuraren da jama'a ke tallafawa, amma ba a taɓa sanya wannan lissafin ga kwamitin ba, kuma ya bayyana cewa irin wannan dokar ba ta da damar a cikin majalisar dokokin Arizona da ke da rinjaye a cikin Jamhuriyar Republican a cikin 2021. An kuma tambayi mambobin NAGA game da dokokin da ke kawar da kayan masarufi, kuma sun amsa cewa an share al'adun 'yan asalin Amurka da gado a cikin jihar. Descheenie ya amsa cewa al'adun 'yan asalin ba a tabbatar da su ta hanyar wakilci a cikin al'umma ta zamani kamar mascots ba, amma ta hanyar tarihin da ya riga ya kasancewar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenstein |first=Harry |title=Legislation to change Native American team names lacks momentum in Arizona |url=https://www.nhonews.com/news/2021/aug/03/legislation-change-native-american-team-names-lack/ |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=[[Navajo-Hopi Observer]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Jihar New York === Wadanda ke adawa da dokar Jihar New York da ke buƙatar makarantun sakandare su canza kayan masarufi ko rasa kudaden jihar sun ambaci NAGA. Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Amurka Linda McMahon ta bayyana cewa idan ba a ɗaga haramcin da aka yi wa 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, za ta nemi DOJ ta bincika Jihar New York don keta haƙƙin jama'a a ƙarƙashin Title VI na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964. McMahon ya ambaci NAGA a matsayin mai nuna alamar goyon bayan 'yan asalin Amurka ga waɗannan mascot, amma shugabannin kabilun Long Island na gida daga Shinnecock da Poospatuck-Unkechaug waɗanda ke goyon bayan haramcin sun ce suna jin rauni saboda shigar NAGA. "Idan kuna so ku koyi game da tarihin gaskiya na 'yan asalin ƙasar a nan, ku yi magana da mu, "in ji Cif Harry Wallace, na Unkechaug Indian Nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Education secretary threatens DOJ investigation into Long Island school mascot ban - CBS New York |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/long-island-mascot-ban-linda-mcmahon/ |access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 33dbfasefrnxd4apbpi83a34b062t00 0 112506 967002 897261 2026-10-12T21:37:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Rocks_at_Imaluk_Beach.jpg|thumb|Imaluk Beach a kan Darwin Harbour . Duk da yake waɗannan ƙasashe da tekuna an san su da yawa a matsayin ƙasar Larrakia, wasu tushe sun lissafa mutanen [[Belyuen people|Belyuen]] da Wadjiginy a matsayin masu kula da gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dennison |first=Bill |last2=Williams |first2=Lorraine |date=10 April 2020 |title=Engaging with the Belyuen people and Larrakia people, Traditional Owners of Darwin Harbour, Australia |url=https://ian.umces.edu/blog/engaging-with-the-belyuen-people-and-larrakia-people-traditional-owners-of-darwin-harbour-australia/ |website=University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Integration and Application Network |quote=Belyuen people live in the Belyuen Community, they are made up of three language groups, Batjamalh, Emmiyangal, Mendheyangal. Their traditional lands are further down south of the west coast, but maintain custodial responsibilities for the area of Belyuen Community on the Cox Peninsula.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Bill |date=2012 |title=Larrakia Family groups |url=https://www.drbilldayanthropologist.com/resources/Larrakia%20Family%20groups.pdf |website=Dr Bill Day Anthropologist |quote=Larrakia knowledge of country and rituals flourished on the Cox Peninsula, albeit through intermarriage with the Wadjiginy people as custodians.}}</ref>]] Ma'anar kula da al'adun gargajiya na al'ummomin Australiya na farko ya samo asali ne daga haɗin gargajiya na Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander tare da ƙasashe da tekuna da suke zaune, wanda aka sani gaba ɗaya a matsayin "Ƙasar". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Queensland Studies Authority |date=March 2008 |title=Relationships to country: Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islander people |url=https://www.qcaa.qld.edu.au/downloads/approach2/indigenous_res005_0803.pdf |website=Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority}}</ref> <ref name="spirituality">{{Cite journal |last=Grieves |first=Vicki |date=2009 |title=Aboriginal Spirituality: Aboriginal Philosophy, The Basis of Aboriginal Social and Emotional Wellbeing |url=https://www.mhyfvic.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Aboriginal_spirituality_Aboriginal_philo.pdf |journal=Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health Discussion Paper Series |volume=9 |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402221511/https://www.mhyfvic.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Aboriginal_spirituality_Aboriginal_philo.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="standpoint">{{Cite journal |last=Foley |first=Dennis |date=2003 |title=Indigenous epistemology and Indigenous standpoint theory |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/31450001/Indigenous_Epistemology_and_Indigenous_Standpoint_Theory.pdf |journal=Social Alternatives |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=44–52}}</ref> Kalmar "[[wiktionary:custodian|mai kula]] da gargajiya" galibi ana amfani da ita tare da "mai mallakar gargajiya" a cikin mahallin Taken asali a Ostiraliya, gami da amincewa da Kasar. <ref name="SOE">{{Cite web |last=Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water |date=2021 |title=Glossary |url=https://soe.dcceew.gov.au/about-soe/glossary/T |website=Australia: State of the Environment 2021}}</ref><ref name="moondani">{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Andrew |date=February 2017 |title=MOONDANI YULENJ: An examination of Aboriginal culture, identity and education |url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/file/da96e93e-1731-4a09-86e1-4c2cea5cd665/1/Andrew%20John%20Peters%20Thesis%20pdfa.pdf |website=Swinburne University of Technology}}</ref> Matsayin mai kula, duk da haka, yana nuna alhakin kula da Kasar, yana nuna ra'ayi na duniya wanda ba lallai ba ne ya dace da ra'ayoyin Yammacin mallaka da haƙƙin dukiya.<ref name="researchers">{{Cite journal |last=Schmider |first=Joann |last2=Cooms |first2=Samantha |last3=Mann |first3=Melinda |date=2022 |title=Our Experiences of Researching with our Mob on our Country: Traditional Custodians as Researchers |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.692954533528776 |journal=Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues |volume=25 |issue=1–2 |pages=38–58}}</ref><ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web |last=O'Reilly |first=Louise |date=28 June 2018 |title=THREE THINGS EDDIE MABO TAUGHT ME |url=https://www.amnesty.org.au/three-things-eddie-mabo-taught-me/ |website=Amnesty International Australia}}</ref> Duk da yake takamaiman ayyuka da fassarori na kulawa na iya bambanta tsakanin daruruwan kungiyoyin [['Yan asalin Australiya|Aboriginal Australiya]] da Torres Strait Islander, dukansu suna da alaƙa da ƙasa da kuma alhakin kula da ita.<ref name="tonkinson">{{Cite journal |last=Tonkinson |first=Robert |date=1999 |title=The pragmatics and politics of Aboriginal tradition and identity in Australia |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jso_0300-953x_1999_num_109_2_2110 |journal=Journal de la Société des Océanistes |volume=109 |issue=2 |pages=133–147 |doi=10.3406/jso.1999.2110 |pmid=21970010 |quote=today many indigenous people invoke values such as 'caring and sharing' as fundamental elements of a pan-Aboriginal identity}}</ref><ref name="beginning">{{Cite journal |last=Waters |first=Marcus |date=2013 |title=Nurturing the "beginning" in protecting our traditional practices from the end: family, kinship and Kamilaroi Aboriginal First Nation knowledge in Australia |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/143874315.pdf |journal=The Journal of the European Association for Studies of Australia |volume=4 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name="biocultural">{{Cite journal |last=Ens |first=Emilie J. |last2=Pert |first2=Petina |last3=Clarke |first3=Philip A. |last4=Budden |first4=Marita |last5=Clubb |first5=Lilian |last6=Doran |first6=Bruce |last7=Douras |first7=Cheryl |last8=Gaikwad |first8=J |last9=Gott |first9=B |last10=Leonard |first10=S |last11=Locke |first11=J |display-authors=6 |date=2015 |title=Indigenous biocultural knowledge in ecosystem science and management: Review and insight from Australia |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/39416393/2015_AIBK_Biological_Conservation.pdf |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=181 |pages=133–149 |bibcode=2015BCons.181..133E |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.008}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1980, Masana kimiyya na Australiya da wadanda ba na farko ba sun haɓaka fahimtar wajibin kulawa mai zurfi, ko ɗabi'ar kulawa, wanda ke tallafawa al'adun Aboriginal Australia, kuma zai iya ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci ga kula da ƙasa mai ɗorewa da sulhu a Ostiraliya. <ref name="pleshet">{{Cite journal |last=Pleshet |first=Noah |date=2018 |title=Caring for Country: history and alchemy in the making and management of Indigenous Australian land |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/57269038/ocea.5188.pdf |journal=Oceania |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=183–201 |doi=10.1002/ocea.5188}}</ref><ref name="graham">{{Cite journal |last=Graham |first=Mary |date=2023 |title=the law of obligation, aboriginal ethics: australia becoming, australia dreaming |url=https://www.futuredreaming.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Graham_Mary-law_of_obligation.pdf |journal=Parrhesia |volume=37 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331224350/https://www.futuredreaming.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Graham_Mary-law_of_obligation.pdf |archive-date=2025-03-31 |access-date=2025-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ecological">{{Cite web |last=Cumpston |first=Zena |date=31 January 2020 |title=To address the ecological crisis, Aboriginal peoples must be restored as custodians of Country |url=https://theconversation.com/to-address-the-ecological-crisis-aboriginal-peoples-must-be-restored-as-custodians-of-country-108594 |website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref name="royal">{{Cite journal |last=Quinn |first=Nelson |date=2021 |title=New stewardship of Country |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/rs/pdf/rs21007 |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria |volume=133 |pages=36–38 |doi=10.1071/RS21007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ma'anar a cikin wallafe-wallafen Australiya == Masana ilimin Aboriginal Australia Joann Schmider (Mamu), Samantha Cooms (Nunukul) da Melinda Mann (Darumbal) suna ba da ma'anar sauƙi game da masu kula da gargajiya: "ya'yan asalin asalin wani wuri kafin mulkin mallaka". Koyaya, sun ƙara gargadi cewa "ra'ayoyin duniya na yamma suna cikin harshen Ingilishi kuma suna amfani da kalmomin yamma don haskaka hanyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar na sani, kasancewa da yin shine abin da ba za a iya gujewa ba tare da fassarar kuskure da fahimta mara kyau".<ref name="researchers"/> Kamar yadda masanin Wiradjuri Yalmambirra da masanin kimiyyar Australiya na Turai Dirk Spennemann suka lura: "kafin farawar gwamnatin Turai, babu wani ra'ayi na hadin gwiwa ga masu kula da wannan nahiyar, kuma kowane al'umma, wanda ya bambanta da al'adu daga maƙwabtanta, yana da nasa ainihi".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yalmambirra |last2=Spennemann |first2=Dirk H.R. |date=2006 |title=GAWAIMBANNA-GU WIRADJURI NHURRANBAANG (WELCOME TO WIRADJURI COUNTRY) |url=https://www.anzrsai.org/assets/Uploads/PublicationChapter/171-YalmambirraandSpennemann.pdf |journal=Australasian Journal of Regional Studies |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=383–393}}</ref> == Fahimtar Kasashe na Farko game da kula == [[Fayil:Koomal_Dreaming-_Cultural_Experiences_-_Josh_Whiteland_edited_0.webm|thumb|Mutumin Wardandi Josh Whiteland (2015) yana ba da labarin gargajiya na Dreamtime, yana ba da bayani game da yadda mutane suka zo su ɗauki alhakin kula da yanayin halitta da ke kewaye da su]] 'Yan asalin Australiya sun bayyana fassarorin su game da kula da gargajiya ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen ilimi, shawarwarin siyasa, labarun gargajiya, shayari da kiɗa. Yawancin al'adun Aboriginal da Torres Strait Islander suna da fahimtar cewa, sabanin ra'ayoyin Yammacin Turai game da [[Land ownership|mallakar ƙasa]], ƙasar "ta mallake mu". Dattawa ciki har da mace Quandamooka [[Oodgeroo Noonuccal]], [[Gai-mariagal]] da mutumin [[Wiradjuri]] Dennis Foley, da mutumin [[Yankunytjatjara]] [[Bob Randall (Aboriginal Australian elder)|Bob Randall]] suna tattauna wannan taken a tsawon lokaci, sau da yawa a cikin [[Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology|mahallin ruhaniya]], suna magana game da Kasar a matsayin mai shi ko kuma mahaifiyar uwa, da kuma ainihin bangare na al'adun al'adu.<ref name="overland2">{{Cite journal |last=Grieve-Williams |first=Victoria |date=2020 |title=Oodgeroo: Breaking the iron cycle of settler colonialism |url=https://overland.org.au/previous-issues/issue-240/feature-oodgeroo-breaking-the-iron-cycle-of-settler-colonialism/ |journal=Overland |volume=240}}</ref><ref name="standpoint2">{{Cite journal |last=Foley |first=Dennis |date=2003 |title=Indigenous epistemology and Indigenous standpoint theory |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/31450001/Indigenous_Epistemology_and_Indigenous_Standpoint_Theory.pdf |journal=Social Alternatives |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=44–52}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Randall |first=Bob |date=27 February 2009 |title=We Are Caretakers |url=https://www.globalonenessproject.org/library/interviews/we-are-caretakers |website=Global Oneness Project}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGeough |first=Jane |date=2 June 2014 |title=Aboriginal Spirituality and The Land |url=https://janemcgeough.wordpress.com/2014/06/02/aboriginal-spirituality-and-the-land/ |website=WordPress.com}}</ref> Noonuccal ya ba da muhimmancin gaske ga wannan ka'ida: "Ba za mu iya mallakar ƙasar ba don ƙasar ta mallake mu".<ref name="overland2" /> == Manazarta == 85rjwemyo2dq5phf5d8vtoxrrn97f6z 0 115143 966924 862048 2026-10-12T18:21:00Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Makarantar Loyola, Bhubaneswar''', makarantar firamare da sakandare ce ta Katolika mai zaman kanta da ke Bhubaneswan, a jihar [[Odisha]], [[Indiya]] . Jesuits ne suka kafa makarantar haɗin gwiwa, ta [[Turanci]] a shekara ta 2001.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mybhubaneswar.com/top-8-english-medium-schools-in-bhubaneswar/|title=The Top 8 English Medium Schools in Bhubaneswar|date=2013-12-20|work=Discover Bhubaneswar|access-date=2017-08-26|language=en-GB|archive-date=2016-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002082941/http://mybhubaneswar.com/top-8-english-medium-schools-in-bhubaneswar|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Prospectus |url=http://www.loyolabbsr.com/web/AboutUs/Prospectus.aspx |access-date= |publisher=Loyola School, Bhubaneswar |archive-date=2015-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123083636/http://www.loyolabbsr.com/web/AboutUs/Prospectus.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaban makarantar na yanzu shine Fr A. Amaladoss, SJ == Malamai == Shirin ya hada da wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, harshen Ingilishi, [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]], Odia, tarihi, yanayin ƙasa, ilimin jama'a, lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, ilmin sunadarai, ilmin halitta, kasuwanci da lissafi, tattalin arziki, kimiyyyar kwamfuta, aikin samar da amfani da zamantakewa (kamar tsaftacewa), nazarin muhalli, ilimi mai daraja, ginin al'umma, kimiyyu, da kuma koyarwar addini ga Kiristoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Academics |url=http://www.loyolabbsr.org/academics/ |access-date=2017-08-26 |website=www.loyolabbsr.org |publisher=Loyola Bhubaneswar |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826112652/http://www.loyolabbsr.org/academics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gidaje == Akwai gidaje huɗu: Ruby (ja), Sapphire (blue), Emerald (kore), da Topaz (yellow). Kowace Alhamis makarantar tana gudanar da tarurruka na gida daban a wurare huɗu a harabar: a wani karamin jan mataki, ɗakin ma'aikata, filin taron ƙarami, da kuma kotun badminton. Wurin da aka ba da gida yana da watanni biyu, bayan haka suna juyawa. Kowace mako ɗaliban wani gida suna kula da harabar, don kula da horo. Dalibai na gidan tunani an san su da masu ba da shawara. Gidajen suna da masu gudanarwa, kyaftin, da mataimakin kyaftin daga babban da ƙaramin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Houses |url=http://www.loyolabbsr.com/web/People/Students.aspx |access-date= |publisher=Loyola Bhubaneswar |archive-date=2015-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123130821/http://www.loyolabbsr.com/web/People/Students.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekaru masu yawa ana shirya ranar wasanni da Nites na Iyaye. Ana gudanar da Nites na Iyaye don juniors da tsofaffi a cikin kwanakin da suka biyo baya. Dalibai suna yin horo na wata daya ko fiye don shirya su. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan kulob din suna faruwa a ranakun Talata ga matasa kuma babu ayyukan tsofaffi. Wadannan sun hada da yoga, karate, fasaha da zane, samfurin yumɓu (juniors kawai), keyboard, chess, aerobics, rawa na zamani, cricket, kwallon kafa, wasan tennis, wasan tennis na lawn, badminton, wasan kwando (tsofaffi kawai), harshen Faransanci (tsofaffin kawai), raira waƙa (tsofaji kawai), rawa na gargajiya, sadarwa ta Turanci (STD 4 & 5 kawai), da kuma (juniors ne kawai). <ref>{{Cite web |title=IntraSchool |url=http://www.loyolabbsr.org/intraschool/ |access-date=2017-08-26 |website=www.loyolabbsr.org |publisher=Loyola Bhubaneswar |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826073935/http://www.loyolabbsr.org/intraschool/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Makarantar kwanan nan ta karɓi ranar ba tare da jaka ba a ranakun Asabar, watau, Junior Students ba sa buƙatar kawo littattafai, yayin da Seniors za su sami lokutan koyarwa guda biyu kawai, Makarantar tana da kulob uku tun daga watan Afrilu na 2024, wato kulob din Social Service (kawai ga ɗalibai na 12) inda kowa zai iya ba da gudummawa, bugun jini, hatsi, tsofaffin littattafai, tufafi da dai sauransu, Akwai kuma kulob din wallafe-wallafen da ke ƙwarewa a cikin harsuna uku, Hindi, Odia da Ingilishi. Wadannan kungiyoyi ne kawai ga tsofaffi, akwai kuma bita na lokaci-lokaci da Gwamnatin Odisha ta fara. == Cibiyar da Kyaututtuka == Makarantar Loyola tana da babban harabar, wanda ya ƙunshi babban makaranta, hanyoyin tafiya, filayen, kotunan wasanni daban-daban da wurin shakatawa ga matasa, A ƙarshen filin, shine Makarantar Looyola Odia. Babban ƙwarewar filin makarantar, ita ce kotun Basket Ball, tare da mats da ƙwallo masu inganci waɗanda ke tabbatar da wasan farin ciki ga kowane ɗalibi da ke wurin. Har ila yau, makarantar tana alfahari da filin horar da wasan [[kurket]] da aka yi wa ado da mats da raga, tabbas wuri ne na mai sha'awar wasan kurket. Dukan filin yana aiki a matsayin filin kwallon kafa da filin wasan cricket, manyan ɗalibai na iya ɗaukar ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa tare da izinin malamai na wasanni kuma su jefa su a duk inda suke so, kamar yadda ƙuƙwancen ƙuƙwasa suna da ƙafafun da aka haɗe da su. Kotun volleyball da throwball an kafa su da kyau tare da raga da iyakokin chalk, Kotun badminton suna cikin quadrangle, watau, sararin samaniya da ke kewaye da gine-ginen makaranta inda ake shirya tarurruka da abubuwan da suka faru. Akwai jimlar dakunan gwaje-gwaje guda biyar, wadanda suka hada da dakin gwaje-gaje na rayuwa, dakin gwaje'a na ilmin sunadarai, dakin gwajen kimiyyar lissafi da kuma dakin gwaje na kwamfuta daban-daban ga tsofaffi da matasa, Akwai ɗakunan karatu masu yawa tare da littattafai masu yawa, litattafai, tarihin rayuwa da sauransu. Akwai ɗakunan Turanci daban-daban a duk makarantar don sauƙin samun dama da sauran ɗakuna kamar ɗakin AV, ɗakin kiɗa, zauren taro, tsohon zauren, sabon zauren, da dakuna biyu na jarrabawa. Dukkanin ɗakunan aji har zuwa aji na 7 an sanye su da allon mai hankali (ba kyamarar fim ba, ainihin 4k TV kamar na'urori, don bayanin kula, bidiyo da sanye take da WIFI), allon baƙar fata, da allon taushi don zane da labarai da za a nuna. Kowace wata aji yana samun lambar yabo ta tsabta ta hanyar kiyaye aji mai tsabta, ana yin bincike na yau da kullun don bincika tsabta. Baya ga wannan Zaɓin ɗalibai sun lashe "Mafi Kyawun Yarinya / Yarinya" da "Mafi Girma / Yarinya "Badigi daga kowane aji da sashi kowane wata. Malaman sun zaɓi waɗannan ɗaliban da aka zaɓa a hankali. === Duba kuma === * Cocin Katolika a Indiya * Jerin makarantun Jesuit * Jerin makarantu a Odisha == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 33x8ludsurofbefklfcwthgj0s24g0z 0 117268 966941 718837 2026-10-12T20:11:00Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 966941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Kwalejin Ilimi ta Atebubu''' kwalejin koyar da malamai ce a Atebubu ( gundumar Atebubu Amanten, yankin Bono Gabas, [[Ghana]] ). Kwalejin tana cikin yankin Ashanti / Brong Ahafo. Tana daya daga cikin Kwalejojin Ilimi na Jama'a guda 46 a [[Ghana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CoE Network - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506102614/http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |archive-date=2019-05-06 |access-date=2019-07-06 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Kwalejin ta shiga cikin shirin [[Transforming Teacher Education and Learning programme, Ghana|T-TEL]] na DFID. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our network |url=http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229052155/http://www.t-tel.org/about/coes-network.html |archive-date=December 29, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Transforming Teacher Education and Learning, Ghana}}</ref> An kafa ta a watan Oktoba 1965. Ita ce babbar cibiyar zagayowa ta biyu kuma ita ce kwalejin horar da malamai kawai a titin gabas na yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Atebubu College of Education - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/coes-network/colleges/articles/atebubu-college-of-education |access-date=2019-07-05 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Atebubu a watan Oktoba 1965. Mista Joseph Nketsia Ghansah shine shugaban farko na kwalejin. Omanhene na yankin gargajiya na Atebubu, Nana Kwaku Kwaah II, ya saki ƙasa don gina gine-gine na dindindin ga Kwalejin. Kwalejin ita ce cibiyar farko ta biyu, kuma ita ce kadai kwalejin horar da malamai a gabashin [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo|yankin Brong-Ahafo na lokacin]], wanda aka haifi yankunan Bono, Bono East da Ahafo.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Kwalejin ta fara ne da dalibai maza tamanin. A cikin shekara ta 1975/76, a kan shigar da daliban mata, Kwalejin ta zama co-educational. Ya fara ne da karatun 'A' na shekaru hudu na Post Middle Teacher. Sauran shirye-shiryen da Kwalejin ta wuce sune Post Secondary na shekaru 2, da Post Secondary. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004, an shigar da rukunin farko na dalibai a kwalejin don neman karatun shekaru uku don difloma a Ilimi na asali. Kwalejin ta sami izini daga Hukumar Kula da Ƙasashen Duniya (Ghana) zuwa matakin ilimi na sakandare a watan Satumba, 2007. Kwalejin yanzu tana da yawan dalibai 473, wanda ya kunshi maza 369 da mata 104. Yana gudanar da yanayin biyu Open Distance Learning (ODL) ga malamai 587 marasa horo, daga cikinsu 219 mata ne. Kwalejin ta fito da malamai sama da dubu uku a cikin shekaru.<ref name=":1" /> A halin yanzu, ƙarfin ma'aikatan koyarwa shine talatin da biyu kuma na ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba shine hamsin da biyu. Ma'aikatan kwalejin masu aiki tukuru sun sami kyaututtuka daga Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana a matakin yanki da na kasa. A cikin shekara ta 1999, Mista Alexander Oppong-Baah ya lashe matsayi na farko don Kyautar Malami mafi kyau ta Kasa (Kungiyar Koyarwar Malami). A cikin shekara ta 2000, Mista Akolgo Atambire Emmanuel ya lashe matsayi na farko na Cibiyar Kimiyya da Lissafi ta Biyu a matakin kasa. A cikin wannan shekarar, Mista Forson - Nkrumah I.C ya lashe matsayi na biyu a matakin kasa na Kwalejin Horar da Malamai. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> Kwalejin ta bambanta kanta a wasanni a matakin Zonal da na Yankin. A cikin shekara ta 1971, Kwalejin Horar da Atebubu ta lashe gasar zakarun 'C' na Yankin Brong Ahafo da Kwalejin Wasanni da Wasanni na Wasanni wanda aka gudanar a Kwalejin horar da Nkoranza. An yi la'akari da Kwalejin a matsayin mafi kyawun ma'aikata a gasar. A cikin 1975 Zone 'D' Brong- Ahafo Schools and Colleges Sports and Games Competition da aka gudanar a Techiman Secondary School, maza sun kasance na biyu kuma mata sun kasance masu nasara a cikin Mata. A cikin shekara ta 1991, Kwalejin ta fito da masu nasara a gasar Brong Ahafo Zonal Milo. Kwalejin ta dauki matsayi na farko a Gasar QUIZ ta 2005 ta Kungiyar Malamai ta Ghana (TTAG) Ashanti da Brong Ahafo Sector.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Learning Hub - T-TEL |url=http://www.t-tel.org/hub |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722213311/http://www.t-tel.org/hub |archive-date=2019-07-22 |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=www.t-tel.org}}</ref> === Kolejin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin manyan shugabannin shida har zuwa yau. === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Sunan !Shekaru da aka yi amfani da su |- |Mista J. N. Ghansah |1965 – 1980 |- |Mista R. D. Ghettor |1980 – 1982 |- |Mista J. Ansah - Asarah |1983 – 1985 |- |Mista S.O. Okae |1985 – 1995 |- |Mista Tom Coffie |Afrilu 1996 - Disamba 1996 |- |Mista Gregory N. Bagbio |Disamba 1996 - Ranar |} == Manazarta == g7mc7q7ddhs45yrijz4vav8068ilzw9 0 118169 966955 860819 2026-10-12T21:15:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Karji''' (Karji Junction) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karji Junction:A vibrant market experience in Kaduna |url=https://evendo.com/locations/nigeria/kaduna/landmark/karji-junction |access-date=September 6, 2025 |website=evendo.com}}</ref> wani yanki ne a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Chikun]] a [[kudancin kaduna|Kudancin Kaduna]] wani ɓangare na Jihar Kaduna, Tsakiyar Belt, Najeriya . Lambar gidan waya 800104 kuma ta fada ƙarƙashin gundumar Rido na Karamar Hukumar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governorship election |url=https://www.inecelectionresults.ng/elections/6407da43ce35006e9215b080/context/pus/lga/5f0f39914d89fc3a883de21b/ward/5f0f3c898f77bb3acad09d4d |access-date=19 September 2025 |website=inecelectionresult.ng}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == === Masana'antu === Karji tana tallafawa ƙananan masana'antu a cikin samar da kayan aiki da mutane ke kusa da su suke buƙata kamar; # Masu sana'a na gida suna samar da sana'o'in gargajiya kamar su masana'antu, tukwane da aikin katako. # Abinci da abin sha don kayan abinci na gida ciki har da suya da puff-puff a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chikun |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/385/chikun |access-date=September 20, 2025 |website=manpower.com.ng}}</ref> === Kasuwanci da Siyayya === * '''Karji Junction''' Wanda ke nuna shaguna da ƙananan kasuwanni tare da kayayyaki da ayyuka daban-daban, yana jan hankalin mutane daga yankuna da wurare daban-daban.<ref name="Karji">{{Cite web |title=Karji Junction |url=https://evendo.com/locations/nigeria/kaduna/landmark/karji-junction |access-date=September 20, 2025 |website=evendo.com}}</ref> Sauran kasuwannin da suka rufe kusa da Kasuwar Kàrji sune Kasuwar Sabon Tasha, Kasuwar Kamazo da Kasuwar Narayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabon Tasha Market Kaduna |url=https://daybreak.ng/kaduna-sabon-tasha-market-crisis-deepens-over-shutdown/ |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=Daybreak Nigeria |archive-date=29 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250929084658/https://daybreak.ng/kaduna-sabon-tasha-market-crisis-deepens-over-shutdown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Narayi Market Kaduna |url=https://ng.infoaboutcompanies.com/Catalog/Kaduna/Makera/Park/Narayi-Market |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=InfoAboutCompanies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250929090436/https://ng.infoaboutcompanies.com/Catalog/Kaduna/Makera/Park/Narayi-Market |archive-date=29 September 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Popular Markets in Kaduna State |url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kaduna/Popular-Markets-in-Kaduna-State.html |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=Nigeria Galleria}}</ref> Kasuwar kuma tana ba da samfuran da ayyuka da yawa, gami da abinci, kayan gida, sana'o'i na gargajiya, wanke mota, da sabis na tsaftacewa. * '''Kasuwanci''' Kasuwanci daban-daban suna aiki a yankin, suna biyan bukatun mazauna da matafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karji Junction |url=https://www.top-rated.online/cities/Rido/place/p/9418172/Karji+Junction |access-date=September 20, 2025 |website=top-rated.online}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == * '''Yawan jama'a''' Yankin ya shahara a tsakanin dalibai da ma'aikata saboda araha da samun dama. == Manazarta == sd09jamk8uehsweemd5tiu9kcwicv2e 0 118386 966946 790005 2026-10-12T20:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kandiga''' al'umma ce a cikin [[Kassena Nankana Municipal District|Gundumar Kassena Nankana]] a yankin Upper East na Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdul-Rahaman |first=Salifu |date=2022-05-12 |title=Ghana: Doba-Kandiga Land Conflict... Kassenanankana Assembly Expends Gh¢693,365 in 18 Months |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202205120607.html |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=Doba-Kandiga land dispute: One dead, five arrested in renewed clash |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2022/05/23/doba-kandiga-land-dispute-one-dead-five-arrested-in-renewed-clash/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Ghana Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-12 |title=Doba-Kandiga land conflict… KassenaNankana Assembly expends GH¢693,365 in 18 months |url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/doba-kandiga-land-conflict-kassenanankana-assembly-expends-gh¢693365-in-18-months/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Ghanaian Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-23 |title=One dead, 5 arrested in renewed disturbances at Kandiga-Doba |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/one-dead-5-arrested-in-renewed-disturbances-at-kandiga-doba/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Citinewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-13 |title=Three dead in Kandiga, Doba after conflict - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/three-dead-in-kandiga-doba-after-conflict/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2022 |title=Imposition of Curfew on Kandiga and Doba in the Kasena-Nankana Municipality and Kasena-Nankana West District respectively of the Upper East Region |url=https://www.mint.gov.gh/imposition-of-curfew-on-kandiga-and-doba-in-the-kasena-nankana-municipality-and-kasena-nankana-west-district-respectively-of-the-upper-east-region-91/ |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=Ministry of the Interior, Republic of Ghana |language=en-GB}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Makaranta == * Makarantar Sakandare ta Kandiga <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mirigu Chief calls for upgrade of Kandiga Community SHS {{!}} News Ghana |url=https://newsghana.com.gh/mirigu-chief-calls-for-upgrade-of-kandiga-community-shs/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=newsghana.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shahararren ɗan ƙasar == * Gordon Awandare == Manazarta == <references /> 334rzbwyvnt40tjlmmn04wbmrngcjd0 0 121035 966867 955669 2026-10-12T15:50:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jordan Andrew Thompson''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Arewacin [[Ayilan (ƙasa)|Ireland]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar EFL Championship ta Preston North End da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasar Arewacin Ireland . Thompson ya fara aikinsa tare da [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] bayan ya ci gaba ta hanyar kungiyoyin matasa a Manchester United . Ya shafe lokaci a aro a Airdrieonians, Raith Rovers da Livingston kafin ya shiga kungiyar EFL League One ta Blackpool a watan Yunin 2018. Thompson ya shafe shekara daya da rabi a Bloomfield Road kuma ya koma Stoke City a watan Janairun 2020. == Rayuwa ta farko == Thompson ya girma a Belfast, Arewacin Ireland, yana tallafawa [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Rangers === Thompson ya fara aikinsa a kungiyar [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], inda ya shafe shekaru hudu a makarantar horar da kungiyar amma bai samu damar shiga kungiyar ta farko ba kuma aka sake shi a lokacin rani na 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rangers kid Jordan Thompson admits Manchester United pal Marcus Rashford is his inspiration |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/rangers-kid-jordan-thompson-admits-9668902 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=Daily Record}}</ref> Daga nan ya shiga [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] a kan gwaji bayan ganawa da koci Ian Durrant . Bayan burge mai sarrafa Mark Warburton, Thompson ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu. Ya yi wasansa na farko na ƙwararru don Rangers a cikin nasarar 4-0 da kungiyar Alloa Athletic akan 7 Nuwamba 2015. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2016, Thompson ya shiga ƙungiyar Airdrieonians na Scotland League One a kan lamunin gaggawa na kwanaki 28 kuma an ƙara wannan lamunin zuwa ƙarshen lokacin 2015-2015 . Thompson ya buga wa Airdrieonians sau bakwai, inda ya zira kwallaye sau daya a nasarar 3-1 a Cowdenbeath . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cowdenbeath 1–3 Airdrieonians |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35676122 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan ya fara buga wa Rangers wasa a kakar 2016-17, a kan East Stirlingshire a gasar cin Kofin Scottish League a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli, Thompson ya shiga kungiyar Scottish Championship ta Raith Rovers a aro, a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 2016 har zuwa watan Janairun 2017. A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017 ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kungiyar Rangers har zuwa shekara ta 2018 da kuma rancensa a Raith Rovers har zuwa karshen kakar. Thompson ya buga wa Raith wasa sau 32 a cikin 2016-17 kuma bai iya taimaka musu su guje wa sakewa ba bayan sun rasa wasan sakewa a kan hukuncin kisa ga Brechin City . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Raith 4–4 Brechin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39833664 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307181844/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39833664 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, Thompson ya sanya hannu kan aro ga kungiyar Livingston ta Scottish Championship har zuwa karshen kakar 2017-18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2018 |title=Thompson Joins Livingston |url=https://rangers.co.uk/news/academy-news/thompson-joins-livingston/ |access-date=5 January 2018 |publisher=Rangers FC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106063812/https://rangers.co.uk/news/academy-news/thompson-joins-livingston/ |archive-date=6 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Thompson ya buga wasanni 15 ga Livi yana taimaka musu samun ci gaba zuwa Firayim Ministan Scotland ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Partick Thistle 0–1 Livingston |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44097532 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport |archive-date=20 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520070102/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44097532 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Blackpool === Rangers ta saki Thompson a watan Yunin 2018 sannan ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da kungiyar EFL League One [[Blackpool F.C.|Blackpool]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2018 |title=Jordan Thompson: Blackpool sign Northern Ireland midfielder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44483958 |access-date=14 June 2018 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Thompson ya buga wa Blackpool wasa sau 45 a 2018-19 yayin da kungiyar ta gama a matsayi na 10.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Season review: End of Blackpool FC's fans' boycott the undeniable success story of 2018/19 campaign |url=https://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sport/football/season-review-end-of-blackpool-fc-s-fans-boycott-the-undeniable-success-story-of-2018-19-campaign-1-9752202 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=Blackpool Gazette}}</ref> Thompson da Blackpool sun fara kakar 2019-20 a cikin kyakkyawan tsari, tare da Thompson ya zira kwallaye "mai ban mamaki" a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Lincoln City.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blackpool 2–1 Lincoln |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49764502 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Thompson nutmeg: How Twitter reacted to Northern Ireland player's moment of magic |url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/jordan-thompson-nutmeg-blackpool-goal-16997225 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=Belfast Live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2020 kocin Blackpool [[Simon Grayson]] ya bayyana cewa Thompson ya ja hankalin kungiyoyin Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Simon Grayson issues update on future of Blackpool's Jordan Thompson amid interest from Stoke City |url=https://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/sport/football/blackpool-fc/simon-grayson-issues-update-on-future-of-blackpool-s-jordan-thompson-amid-interest-from-stoke-city-1-10204968 |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=Blackpool Gazette}}</ref> === Birnin Stoke === Thompson ya shiga kungiyar EFL Championship ta Stoke City a ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020 don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.Thompson ya riga ya yi aiki tare da manajan Michael O'Neill a matakin kasa da kasa tare da Arewacin Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stoke City new boy reveals what he likes most about Michael O'Neill |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-blackpool-oneill-jordan-thompson-3844995 |access-date=24 July 2020 |website=Stoke Sentinel}}</ref> Thompson ya buga wasanni 15 a Stoke a shekarar 2019-20, ya taimaka wa tawagar ta guje wa sakewa kuma ta gama a matsayi na 15. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nottingham Forest 1–4 Stoke City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53412704 |access-date=23 July 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Stoke a cikin nasarar 3-1 ga Tottenham Hotspur a Gasar cin Kofin EFL a ranar 23 ga Disamba 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2020 |title=Stoke 1-3 Tottenham |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55327848 |access-date=30 December 2020 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2020-21 Thompson, ya kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da [[John Obi Mikel]], yana yin wasanni 40.<ref>{{Cite web |title='John likes playing with him' - Stoke City's fine record with midfield pair |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-mikel-jordan-thompson-5263838 |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=Stoke Sentinel}}</ref> Thompson ya yi gwagwarmaya da raunin da ya samu a shekarar 2021-22, inda aka yi masa tiyata a gwiwa a watan Disamba na 2021 kuma ya lalata jijiyoyin idon sa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stoke City rocked by season-ending injury to midfielder |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-jordan-thompson-injury-6925811 |access-date=19 May 2022 |website=Stoke Sentinel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Stoke City hit by another injury hammer blow as midfielder out for up to two months |url=https://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/stoke-city-jordan-thompson-injury-6300001 |access-date=19 May 2022 |website=Stoke Sentinel}}</ref> === Preston North End === Bayan ya tashi daga Stoke, Thompson ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da Preston North End wanda ya fara aiki daga 1 ga Yulin 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Thompson Becomes First Summer Signing |url=https://www.pnefc.net/news/2025/may/16/jordan-thompson-becomes-first-summer-signing/ |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=Preston North End}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Thompson ya wakilci Arewacin Ireland a matakai daban-daban na shekaru. Ya fara bugawa kasa da kasa a watan Mayu 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panama 0–0 Northern Ireland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44219809 |access-date=17 January 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara ne a karo na farko a wasan sada zumunci da Luxembourg a Windsor Park a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2019. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] 7bhr2lkvh19zqle39lz1gc8nj3oi756 0 122652 967036 815032 2026-10-13T01:42:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''kisan Lauren Burk''' ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Maris, 2008, a [[Robbery|sata]]-linkid="89" href="./Auburn,_Alabama" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Auburn, Alabama">Auburn, Alabama . Burk, ɗan shekara 18 a Jami'ar Auburn, Courtney Lockhart ya sace shi a kan bindiga. Lockhart, tsohuwar sojan Amurka wacce aka sallame ta hanyar rashin mutunci, ta sace Burk kuma ta tilasta mata ta yi tsirara.<ref name="OAN2">{{Cite web |last=Weaver |first=Amy |last2=Enoch |first2=Ed |date=Nov 21, 2010 |title=A cool March night: Lauren Burk's last day unraveled |url=https://www.oanow.com/news/a-cool-march-night-lauren-burk-s-last-day-unraveled/article_5b2d5594-e4ce-5f98-9323-209110a529fa.html |website=oanow.com |access-date=December 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114000513/https://oanow.com/news/a-cool-march-night-lauren-burk-s-last-day-unraveled/article_5b2d5594-e4ce-5f98-9323-209110a529fa.html |archive-date=January 14, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kori ta kusan minti 30 yayin da yake kuka game da rashin aikinsa da masifarsa. Lokacin da Burk ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsere, Lockhart ya harbi ta a cikin huhu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Tim |date=April 8, 2020 |title=Smiths Station man loses appeal in 2008 crime-spree slaying of Auburn University student |url=https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/local/crime/article241863291.html |website=ledger-enquirer.com}}</ref> Burk, wanda ya ji rauni sosai kuma tsirara sai dai takalma guda biyu, an bar shi a kan Hanyar Jihar Alabama ta 147. <ref name="OAN2" /><ref name=":1" /> An bayyana ta mutu a wani asibiti na gida.<ref name="ABC 1">{{Cite web |last=Schoetz |first=David |date=March 6, 2008 |title=Auburn Edgy as Violent Coed Death Probed |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=4394654&page=1 |website=abcnews.go.com}}</ref> Kisan Burk, wanda ya ja hankalin kasa, ya kasance wani ɓangare na aikata laifuka na tashin hankali lokacin da Lockhart ya yi fashi kuma ya kai hari ga mata da yawa.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite court|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Yunkurin ya fara ne a watan Fabrairun 2008 kuma ya ƙare tare da kama shi a ranar 7 ga watan Maris. <ref name=":2" /><ref name="OAN2"/> Alkalin Jacob Walker ya ambaci Tarihin aikata laifuka na Lockhart lokacin da ya soke shawarar juriya ta rayuwa a kurkuku kuma [[Hukuncin Kisa|ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite court|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Lockhart a halin yanzu yana kan layin mutuwa a Gidan gyaran Holman.<ref name="ADRC">{{Cite web |title=Incarceration Details |url=http://www.doc.state.al.us/InmateHistory }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Iyayen Burk sun shigar da kara a kan Jami'ar Auburn suna jayayya cewa shawarar da aka yanke na hada rundunar 'yan sanda ta jami'ar da rundunar' yan sanda ta birnin Auburn ta haifar da rashin isasshen tsaro. Kwamitin Gyara na Alabama ya musanta da'awar a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014. <ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Family of murdered Auburn student 'exhausted' after fighting for tighter campus security |url=https://www.al.com/news/2014/11/family_of_murdered_auburn_stud.html |website=al.com}}</ref> == Lauren Burk == An haifi Lauren Ashley Burk a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta, 1989, a Marietta, Jojiya ga James Burk da Viviane Guerchon . Ta kammala karatu daga [[George Walton Comprehensive High School|Makarantar sakandare ta Walton]] kuma ta ci gaba da halartar Jami'ar Auburn, inda ta kasance memba mai aiki na [[Delta Gamma]] kuma ta buga lacrosse. A Auburn, Burk ta yi karatun [[Graphic design|zane-zane]] da fasaha. Ta yi burin samun aiki a [[Photography|daukar hoto]] da talla. An ƙone jikin Lauren Burk kuma an dawo da ita gidanta a Marietta Cobb County, Jojiya.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=March 2, 2011 |title=Courtney Lockhart, convicted of murdering Auburn student Lauren Burk, sentenced to die |url=https://www.al.com/wire/2011/03/courtney_lockhart_convicted_of.html |website=al.com}}</ref><ref name="Schol">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2008 |title=Scholarship established to honor Lauren Burk |url=https://www.oanow.com/news/scholarship-established-to-honor-lauren-burk/article_d627d4cf-a582-5b1c-a78e-608bf87acfbb.html |website=oanow.com |access-date=December 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260114215458/https://oanow.com/news/scholarship-established-to-honor-lauren-burk/article_d627d4cf-a582-5b1c-a78e-608bf87acfbb.html |archive-date=January 14, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Courtney Lockhart == [[File:Courtney_Lockhart.jpg|thumb|Courtney Lockhart]] Courtney Larrell Lockhart (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1984) <ref name="adoc">{{Cite web |title=Alabama Department of Corrections |url=http://doc.state.al.us/deathrow.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024002801/http://doc.state.al.us/deathrow.asp |archive-date=October 24, 2012 |website=doc.state.al.us}}</ref> ita ce fursuna a gidan yari na Holman a yankin Escambia, Alabama . <ref name="ADRC"/> A shekara ta 2003, ya shiga Sojojin Amurka kuma a shekara ta 2004 an tura shi Koriya ta Kudu da Iraki. An daure Lockhart saboda shan wiwi da kuma kai hari da barazana ga wasu sojoji a shekara ta 2006. Ya kuma tafi ba tare da izini ba kuma ya kai hari ga wani jami'in. Ya kwashe watanni bakwai a kurkuku kuma an sallame shi a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2006.<ref name="OAN2"/><ref name="FOX 1">{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2008 |title=Suspect Confesses to Killing Auburn University Student Lauren Burk |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/suspect-confesses-to-killing-auburn-university-student-lauren-burk |website=foxnews.com}}</ref> A cewar wani masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ba a gano Lockhart da rikicewar damuwa ba, amma yana da wasu alamun PTSD saboda bayyanarsa ga yaƙi. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ya kuma shaida cewa Lockhart yana da IQ na 86 kuma bai manyanta ba kuma yana da hukunci mara kyau. Kisan Burk wani bangare ne na aikata laifuka na Lockhart. Da farko a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008, Lockhart ya yi fashi da makamai a Alabama da [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]]. Laifukan Lockhart sun haɗa da irin wannan hanyoyin sai dai fashi da kantin sayar da kayayyaki guda ɗaya. Zai zaɓi mace da aka azabtar kuma ya kusanci ta daga baya yayin da ta shiga motarta a filin ajiye motoci. Daga nan sai ya yi mata barazana da bindiga, ya bukaci jakarta, da / ko ƙoƙarin fitar da ita a cikin motarta.<ref name=":2">{{Cite court|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Enoch |first=Ed |date=March 2, 2011 |title=Lockhart gets death penalty for 2008 murder of AU freshman |url=https://www.oanow.com/news/lockhart-gets-death-penalty-for-murder-of-au-freshman/article_edefbb07-39d7-568b-96ec-566fb17cca54.html |website=oanow.com}}</ref> Laifukan da Lockhart ya aikata sun hada da: * Ya yi fashi da wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma ya harbe shi a magatakarda.<ref name=":20">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 9-10|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> * A ranar 5 ga watan Maris, ya sace wata mace a filin ajiye motoci na gidan kula da tsofaffi na LaGrange, Georgia.<ref name=":1"/> * A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, ya sace wata mace mai shekaru 27 a filin ajiye motoci na Sam's Club a Columbus, Jojiya. Ya tilasta wa wata mace ta ba shi jakarta ta hanyar nuna bindiga a kan danta mai shekaru uku.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":30">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 10|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> * A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, ya kai hari kan wata mace mai shekaru 72 a filin ajiye motoci na Walmart a Newnan, Jojiya. Ya buge ta a bayan kanta, ya riƙe bindiga a kanta, kuma ya tura ta kan allon motar. Ya fara komawa baya daga filin ajiye motoci amma ya fahimci cewa wani shaida yana bin sa. Daga nan sai ya koma motarsa ya gudu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Palczewski |first=Sara |date=April 7, 2020 |title=Decision made in Lockhart's fight against death penalty |url=https://www.oanow.com/news/crime_courts/decision-made-in-lockharts-fight-against-death-penalty/article_f970e2fa-791b-11ea-a08b-87d3f2fe4ca5.html |website=oanow.com |access-date=December 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528141426/https://oanow.com/news/crime_courts/decision-made-in-lockharts-fight-against-death-penalty/article_f970e2fa-791b-11ea-a08b-87d3f2fe4ca5.html |archive-date=May 28, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> == Kisan kai == A yammacin Maris 4, 2008, Burk ta bar gidan kwana na saurayinta kuma ta tafi ɗakin karatu na Ralph B. Draughon, inda ta shirya yin karatu tare da aboki.<ref name="OAN2"/> A halin yanzu, Lockhart yana kan harabar Jami'ar Auburn yana neman mutane su yi fashi. Daga baya ya gaya wa masu bincike cewa ya shafe yawancin rana a harabar, ya bar lokacin da ya ga motar sintiri sannan ya dawo.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":27"/> Da misalin karfe 8:00 na yamma, Lockhart ta ga Burk yayin da take tafiya zuwa baƙar fata ta 2001 Honda Civic . <ref name="OAN2"/> Ya fuskanci ta, ya nuna mata bindiga ta Rohm RG, kuma ya umarce ta cikin motarta.<ref name="OAN2" /><ref name=":4"/> Burk ta koma cikin motarta kuma ta shiga cikin wurin zama na gaba. Lockhart ya shiga kujerar direban. Burk ya ba shi $ 200 a tsabar kudi kuma ya roƙe shi ya tafi.<ref name="OAN2" /> Lockhart ya sace Burk, yana tuki da hannu daya a kan motar kuma ɗayan yana nuna mata bindiga. Yayin da suka bar harabar, Lockhart ta umarci Burk ya cire tufafinta. Burk, da farko ya yi jinkiri, ya bi bukatar Lockhart kuma ya cire tufafi. Lockhart daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya cire ta don kada ta "yi wani abu ko yin wani abu mai banƙyama". <ref name="OAN2"/> Ya kuma ce "ba ya taɓa tunanin yin jima'i da ita". <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Jabali-Nash |first=Naimah |date=November 18, 2010 |title=Lauren Burk Murder Verdict: Iraq War Veteran Guilty of Capital Murder |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lauren-burk-murder-verdict-iraq-war-veteran-guilty-of-capital-murder/ |website=cbsnews.com}}</ref> Daga baya aka tuhumi Lockhart da ƙoƙarin yi wa Burk [[fyade]], amma an wanke shi daga tuhumar a shari'a.<ref name=":6">{{Cite court|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Lockhart ya kori Burk kusan minti 30, ya wuce mashaya, shagunan, da gidajen cin abinci na gari. Ya koka wa Burk game da masifarsa da rashin aikin yi.<ref name="OAN2"/><ref name=":1"/> A cewar ikirarin Lockhart, Burk ya yi ƙoƙari ya gaya masa game da laifin kuma ya tambayi shi akai-akai idan zai harbe ta. Yayin da suka bar tsakiyar gari, Burk ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi tunani tare da wanda ya kama ta, yana ba da taimako don neman masa aiki. "Muna magana game da yadda rayuwata ta ƙare da kuma yadda za ta iya taimaka mini samun aiki, "Lokhart ya gaya wa masu bincike. "Ta ce ta san wani wanda zai iya ba ni aiki. Na ce na sami aiki; Ba na bukatar aiki. " <ref name="OAN2" /> Yayin da Lockhart ya kori Burk a kan babbar hanyar Alabama 147, aboki da saurayin Burk ya kira ta don duba ta. Lockhart ya ba ta damar amsa wayar amma ya bukaci ta ƙirƙira labarin don rufe laifinsa. An tilasta Burk ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta manta da shirin karatun. Ta soke zaman kuma ba zato ba tsammani ta rataye. Saurayinta daga baya ya ce game da kiran, "A lokacin, ban yi tunani sosai game da shi ba. Dubi baya a kiran waya - wow - da na fahimci cewa wani abu ya tashi. "<ref name="OAN2" /> Yayin da Lockhart ya yi takaici, Burk ya yi ƙoƙari ya tsere ta hanyar buɗe ƙofar fasinja kuma ya tsalle daga motar da ke motsawa.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 1|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Yayin da ta tsere, Lockhart ta harbe ta.<ref name=":9">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 1-2|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Lockhart ya yi iƙirarin cewa an harbe harbin ba da gangan ba, yayin da masu gabatar da kara ke jayayya cewa ya kashe Burk da gangan. Daga baya, a cikin 2010, masu juri za su sami Lockhart da laifin kisan Burk da gangan.<ref name="OAN 5">{{Cite web |date=August 30, 2013 |title=Court upholds death sentence for AU student's killer |url=https://www.oanow.com/news/crime_courts/court-upholds-death-sentence-for-au-student-s-killer/article_744d7fb2-11c5-11e3-8f0e-001a4bcf6878.html |website=oanow.com |access-date=December 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260104030003/https://oanow.com/news/crime_courts/court-upholds-death-sentence-for-au-student-s-killer/article_744d7fb2-11c5-11e3-8f0e-001a4bcf6878.html |archive-date=January 4, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An harbe Burk a kusa, tare da murfin bindigar inci daga bayanta. <ref name="OAN2"/><ref name=":5" /> Harsashin .38 caliber ya shiga bayan kafada ta hagu, ya soke huhu biyu, kuma ya fita ta hannun dama na sama.<ref name="OAN2" /><ref name=":4"/> Baya ga an harbe shi, Burk ya ji rauni ta hanyar faɗuwa daga motar.<ref name=":28">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 2|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> Shaidu sun ba da rahoton jin harbe-harbe biyu da kuma tsirara Burk yana tsalle daga motar. Lockhart ya gudu, ya bar Burk kwance a Alabama 147 tsakanin Lee Road 72 da U.S. 280 . <ref name=":1"/> Burk, tsirara sai dai takalma biyu, yana kuka, kuma an rufe shi da fashewar hanya da [[Miki|abrasions]], ya yi tuntuɓe zuwa ƙafafunta kuma ya yi wa taimako. Yayin da shaidu suka dawo don taimakawa Burk, sun ga Lockhart yana aiki a cikin motar da aka sace kafin su tafi. Burk, kwance a bayanta a tsakiyar hanya, an ruwaito cewa "yana da zurfi, jinkirin numfashi" da kuma "gasping". Wani ya kira 9-1-1 a kusa da 9:00 na yamma.<ref name="OAN2"/> Masu amsawa na farko sun yi ƙoƙari su ceci Burk kuma suka kai ta Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Gabashin Alabama. Ta isa asibiti da misalin karfe 9:35 na yamma. Daga baya aka bayyana ta mutu. A cewar likitocin da suka kula da ita, ta zubar da jini har ta mutu daga raunin harbin.<ref name="OAN2" /><ref name="ABC 1"/> Bayan barin Burk a kan hanya, Lockhart ya tsaya a tashar gas din Chevron a kan titin Kwalejin Arewa. Da karfe 9:17 na yamma, ya yi amfani da katin kiredit da aka sace don sayen man fetur don $ 14.65. Ya yi amfani da iskar gas don ya shafe cikin motar Burk sannan ya tuka zuwa filin ajiye motoci na Hinton. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙone motar don lalata shaidu amma bai yi nasara ba. Daga nan sai ya tafi don samun jakar Burger King don amfani da ita azaman mai kunna wuta. Lockhart ya ɗauki $ 46, Burk's iPod, katin kiredit, da bindigarsa. Ya bar tufafin Burk, sauran tsabarta, da kyamarar dijital a cikin mota. Ya ƙone motar kuma ya bar harabar a cikin motarsa. Daga baya ya koma ya duba motar Burk. Da yake gamsu da gobarar, Lockhart ya gudu zuwa arewa a kan Interstate 85 zuwa Atlanta, Jojiya, inda ya yi amfani da katin kiredit na Burk don siyan karin gas. Ya sake amfani da katin a Kroger a LaGrange, Jojiya kafin ya jefa shi daga taga.<ref name="OAN2"/> Lockhart daga nan ya koma Alabama.<ref name=":4"/> == Shari'ar aikata laifuka == === Bincike da kamawa === Da misalin karfe 9:30 na yamma a ranar 4 ga watan Maris, 'yan sanda sun amsa kiran da aka yi game da mota da ke cin wuta a harabar Auburn. An kashe gobarar, kuma masu bincike sun dawo da harsashi na .38 a ƙarƙashin wurin zama na direba. 'Yan sanda sun gudanar da rajistar motar, sun gano cewa mahaifin Burk ne, James. Bayan karbar kira daga 'yan sanda, Mista Burk ya fara kiran abokan 'yarsa don neman ta. Daga nan sai ya tuka zuwa Auburn, inda ya gano jikin Burk.<ref name="OAN2"/> A ranar 7 ga watan Maris, jami'in 'yan sanda na Phenix City Dale Richards ya ja Lockhart bayan ya yi sauri ta hanyar wani yanki na gini a kan babbar hanyar Alabama 80. Bayan kiran bayanan Lockhart, Jami'in Richards ya fahimci cewa masu bincike suna so su yi magana da shi. Richards ya nemi Lockhart ya fita daga motar, amma Lockhart ya yi tsayayya. Ya yi gwagwarmaya da Richards sannan ya tafi a kan titin Summerville, ya fara farautar 'yan sanda. Binciken, wanda ya shafi jami'an 'yan sanda hudu, ya kai mil 80 a awa daya. Jami'ai daga baya sun ce Lockhart "ba shi da hankali" kuma ya fita daga hanya sau da yawa. A lokacin bin, Lockhart ya jefa bindigarsa daga taga. Kimanin rabin mil daga Makarantar Glenwood, Lockhart ba zato ba tsammani ya dakatar da abin hawa kuma ya buɗe ƙofar sa. Jami'in Richards" (wani jami'in babur) ya buga ƙofar, ya sa jami'in ya tashi sama da mandala kuma ya hau hanya. Lockhart ya gudu zuwa cikin dazuzzuka, kuma jami'ai sun kamawa shi. Bayan umarni da yawa don sauka a ƙasa, ya bi.<ref name="OAN2"/> Bayan da aka ɗora Lockhart, jami'ai sun ɗauki iPod da wayar salula ta Burk. Daga baya, lokacin da suke bincika motarsa, jami'ai sun sami .38 shell casings da t-shirt tare da jini tabo.<ref name="OAN2" /><ref name=":1"/> Bayan kama shi, Lockhart ya furta kisan Burk da kuma aikata wasu laifuka da yawa.<ref name=":7">{{Cite court|litigants=Courtney Lockhart, Petitioner v. Alabama, Respondent|pinpoint=p. 4|court=Supreme Court Of The United States|url=http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Courtney-Lockhart-USSC-States-BIO-03-02-15.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r9pseoaromaccwzl2t3yo5xj4kufil5 0 125761 966934 755430 2026-10-12T19:10:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kabari na Quinette''' alama ce ta tarihi da kuma wurin binnewar Afirka da ke Kirkwood, Missouri, wani yanki na birnin [[St. Louis]] . == Tarihi == An kafa Kabari na Quinette a 1866, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Holleman |first=Joe |title='Still a struggle': Against odds, Father Dickson Cemetery preserves Black history |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/columns/joe-holleman/still-a-struggle-against-odds-father-dickson-cemetery-preserves-black-history/article_d763faba-5603-570d-81d5-89948466a1a4.html |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=STLtoday.com |language=en}}</ref> wanda aka samo asali ne daga Ikilisiyar Episcopal ta African Methodist a Kirkwood. A shekara ta 2002, an ba da makabartar ga birnin Kirkwood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bertrand |first=Amy |date=October 15, 2020 |title=Quinette Cemetery |url=https://www.stltoday.com/online/quinette-cemetery/article_675db9fc-f261-563b-a7f6-cb179aee88fc.html |access-date=2022-01-01 |website=STLtoday.com |language=en}}</ref> Kabarin yana da kimanin kadada 2.7 a girman kuma yana da kaburbura 25 da aka yi alama, an yi imanin cewa an binne wasu mutane 150 zuwa 200 a nan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Forder |first=Anna C. |title=Quinette Cemetery |url=https://www.timesnewspapers.com/webster-kirkwoodtimes/features/quinette-cemetery/article_8387e394-8f44-5449-8e7a-43e686669a97.html |access-date=2022-01-01 |website=Webster Kirkwood Times |publisher=WKTimes, LLC |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kabarin da aka fi sani ya samo asali ne daga 1853.<ref name=":1" /> Kabari shine wurin binne sojojin yakin basasar Afirka da Amurka, wadanda aka bautar da su, da kuma tsoffin mayakan yakin duniya na biyu. An kuma dauke shi a matsayin tsohuwar Kabari na Afirka ta Yammacin Kogin Mississippi . [1] Sauran makabarta na Afirka ta Amurka da ke kusa da su sun hada da Kabari na Washington Park (1920), Kabari na Uba Dickson (1903) da Kabari na Greenwood (1874). <ref name=":0"/> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin makabarta a Amurka == Manazarta == km0nimy0ntvja8s29b4kszpp6etng0p 0 125854 966918 937623 2026-10-12T18:18:30Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabari na Rest Hill''' wani kabari ne na Afirka da Amurka a gabashin [[Lebanon]], [[Tennessee]] . An kafa makabartar ne tare da taimakon Ofishin 'yanci a 1867-1869, a lokacin Reconstruction Era . [1] An faɗaɗa shi a cikin 1880. [1] Ya haɗa da binne akalla baƙi 25 waɗanda aka haifa a matsayin bayi, kafin Sanarwar Emancipation a 1863.[2] Har ila yau akwai shugabannin jama'a kamar J. R. Inman (wanda ya kafa kungiyar Wilson County Colored Teachers Association) da 'yan siyasa na Jamhuriyar Republican kamar Jake Owens da Martin An jera makabarta a cikin National Register of Historic Places tun daga ranar 25 ga watan Maris, shekarar 1993. A shekara ta 2002, yawancin ya cika, kuma birnin Lebanon ya amince da mayar da shi. == Manazarta == 97wfi5uy44hnvetu6te4jn8r0x7l74d 0 126080 966933 756215 2026-10-12T19:03:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An kafa '''Kabari na Bethel Memorial Park''' a 1927 kuma ya zama wurin binne iyalan Afirka na Afirka a lokacin zamanin wariyar launin fata a Huntington, West Virginia. Fiye da mutane 800 ne aka binne su a makabartar, kodayake kusan duwatsu 150 ne kawai suka rage a yau saboda dogon lokaci na sakaci da iyakance albarkatun kuɗi. An yi jana'izar karshe da aka rubuta a shekara ta 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - Bethel Memorial Park Cemetery |url=https://wvculture.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/WV_CabellCo_BethelCemetery_form.pdf |access-date=July 20, 2025 |website=wvculture.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bethel Memorial Park Cleanup |url=https://visithuntingtonwv.org/event/bethel-memorial-park-cleanup/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Huntington Area CVB |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lavender |first=Dave |date=2017-07-31 |title=Authors with local ties publish new books; festivals, events offer tales |url=https://www.herald-dispatch.com/features_entertainment/authors-with-local-ties-publish-new-books-festivals-events-offer-tales/article_44f2389f-97a0-5d09-b1d8-07f202cf2df2.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=The Herald-Dispatch |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bethel Cemetery |url=https://sites.rootsweb.com/~wvcabell/cemetery/bethel.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=sites.rootsweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-07-20 |title=Gallery: Abandoned Graves Receive Needed Care |url=https://www.herald-dispatch.com/multimedia/photo_galleries/photos_news/gallery-abandoned-graves-receive-needed-care/article_e18b39cb-88e5-5bec-86b5-f34e10d0fdb4.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=The Herald-Dispatch |language=en}}</ref> An jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places a cikin 2025. == Dubi kuma == t1mqtui53t4hu2wkv9quidym0etk9a7 0 126381 966864 827763 2026-10-12T15:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jordan Daykin''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1995), ɗan kasuwa ne kuma ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya. An fi saninsa da bayyanarsa ta 2014 a shirin kasuwanci na BBC Two Dragons' Den, inda ya zama ɗan kasuwa mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi cin nasara don samun saka hannun jari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> lokacin da ya sami £ 80,000 daga Deborah Meaden don kirkirarsa ta gyaran allon. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Grip it Fixings |url=http://www.deborahmeaden.com/investment/grip-it-fixings |website=Deborah Meaden |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408122814/https://www.deborahmeaden.com/investment/grip-it-fixings |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kira shi "Daya daga cikin Matasan Matasa na Burtaniya" a cikin jerin City AM na 100 Mafi Girma a Burtaniya a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Emma Haslett, Harriet |date=25 March 2016 |title=The 100 most powerful entrepreneurs in the UK |url=http://www.cityam.com/220386/uk-entrepreneurs-top-100-richard-branson-edwina-dunn-these-are-most-influential-business |access-date=2016-04-20 |publisher=cityam.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Daykin ne a Trowbridge, Wiltshire, inda ya halarci Makarantar John na Gaunt . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Iyayensa sun rabu lokacin da yake dan shekara tara; Daykin ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa har sai ya kai shekara 13, lokacin da ya koma bungalow na kakanninsa saboda mahaifinsa ya tafi Saliyo don aiki. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, ya bar makaranta don ya zama mai koyarwa a gida.<ref name="Management Today">{{Cite web |title=A 19-year-old school dropout has just won £80,000 investment from Deborah Meaden on Dragon's Den |url=http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/1308073/a-19-year-old-school-dropout-just-won-80000-investment-deborah-meaden-dragons-den/ |website=Management Today |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610053054/http://www.managementtoday.co.uk/news/1308073/a-19-year-old-school-dropout-just-won-80000-investment-deborah-meaden-dragons-den/ |archive-date=2016-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kasuwanci na farko == Yayinda yake a makaranta yana da shekaru 12, Daykin ya kafa kasuwancinsa na farko, RS2Services, wanda ke sayar da asusun wasa da kuɗi na kama-da-wane ga magoya bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Runescape . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Bayan shekara guda ya fara kasuwancinsa na biyu, wata hukumar koyarwa ta kasa da ake kira Tutor Magnet .<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == GripIt gyare-gyare == A shekara ta 2008, jim kadan bayan Daykin ya koma gidan kakanninsa, shi da kakansa Stanley Daykin sun fara canza garage zuwa ɗakin kwana a gare shi. Daykin yana son makantar rufewa da layin dogo don tabbatar da cewa babu haske da zai iya shiga cikin dakin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Bayan Daykin da kakansa sun karya gyare-gyare da yawa da kuma raguwa da ke ƙoƙarin rataye layin dogo, sai ya tafi shagon DIY na gida don neman mafita mafi kyau, amma bai iya samun wani abu da ya dace ba. A wannan rana dukansu biyu sun tafi gidan, kuma sun kirkiro GripIt. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Ba da daɗewa ba gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya talabijin a bango, kuma Daykin ya hango rata a kasuwa. Shekaru hudu bayan haka an ba da takardar shaidar GripIt kuma an fitar da abin kirkirar zuwa kasuwa.  A cikin 2014, Daykin ya bayyana a kan Dragons' Den kuma ya sami saka hannun jari na £ 80,000 don kashi 25% na kamfaninsa daga Deborah Meaden . <ref name="Management Today"/> A watan Fabrairun 2016, an kiyasta darajar Daykin ta kai fam miliyan 10.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=Dragons' Den entrepreneur reveals staggering £10m fortune |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/youngest-ever-dragons-den-entrepreneur-now-worth-10-million-a3186676.html |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=London Evening Standard}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, Daykin ya yi murabus a matsayin darektan UK Building Products Limited kuma ya bar kamfanin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019 kamfanin ya samu nasarar shigar da kara don biyan bashin da aka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == Ayyukan Shirye-shiryen Motoci == A watan Janairun 2018, an ruwaito cewa Daykin ya sayi kamfanin kwangilar kwangila na motoci na Wiltshire daga mahaifinsa Adrian Daykin, don ya bambanta fayil din kasuwancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burn-Callander |first=Rebecca |date=17 August 2014 |title=19-year-old becomes youngest entrepreneur to win backing on Dragons' Den |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businessclub/11037944/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-entrepreneur-to-win-backing-on-Dragons-Den.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-04-20 |website=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Daykin ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na VPS tsakanin Janairu 2018 da Nuwamba 2018, kafin a mayar da iko ga mahaifinsa kuma kamfanin ya sha wahala a watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2016 |title=From Dragons' Den to £10&nbsp;million business: Meet the show's biggest ever success story |url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/02/23/from-dragons-den-to-10-million-business-meet-the-shows-biggest-ever-success-story-5713248/ |website=Metro}}</ref> == Rashin jituwa == A watan Fabrairun 2025, an fallasa Jordan Daykin saboda sayar da lambobin motar ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar kamfaninsa, SLS UK Holdings Ltd, a kan Amazon. Kasuwancin ya wuce ID da binciken abin hawa da dokar Burtaniya ta buƙaci, wanda ya haifar da damuwa mai tsanani game da lafiyar jama'a. Bayan binciken da Wiltshire Trading Standards suka yi, Amazon ya cire jerin sunayen kuma ya haramta masu siyarwa da aka samu suna samar da faranti ba tare da takardun da suka dace ba [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==manazarta == bf9fwjelya9f12du1jjj8pujtfa5n9t 0 126410 967019 757144 2026-10-12T23:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ken Gray''' ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, mai kula da gwamnati, kuma tsohon soja [[United States Air Force|na rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] wanda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Nevada, yana wakiltar gundumar 39 daga 2022 zuwa 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sauvageau |first=Carly |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Freshman Orientation: Assemblyman Ken Gray supports smaller government |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/freshman-orientation-assemblyman-ken-gray-supports-smaller-government |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=[[Nevada Independent]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Assemblyman proposes bill that would award grants to adoptive parents in Nevada |url=https://www.2news.com/news/assemblyman-proposes-bill-that-would-award-grants-to-adoptive-parents-in-nevada/article_21147542-b221-11ed-b323-179cbd32c3a4.html |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=[[KTVN]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010937/https://www.2news.com/news/assemblyman-proposes-bill-that-would-award-grants-to-adoptive-parents-in-nevada/article_21147542-b221-11ed-b323-179cbd32c3a4.html |archive-date=November 19, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Gray, memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], yana zaune a Dayton, Nevada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Munson |first=Jeff |date=January 24, 2022 |title=Ken Gray announces candidacy for Assembly District 39 representing Lyon, Douglas counties |url=https://carsonnow.org/story/01/24/2022/ken-gray-announces-candidacy-assembly-district-39-representing-lyon-douglas-countie |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=CarsonNOW}}</ref> Gray ya yi murabus daga Majalisar Dokokin Nevada a watan Agusta na 2025 bayan an naɗa shi a matsayin ma'aikacin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsoffin Sojoji ta Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sauvageau |first=Carly |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Freshman Orientation: Assemblyman Ken Gray supports smaller government |url=https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/freshman-orientation-assemblyman-ken-gray-supports-smaller-government |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=[[Nevada Independent]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0j904mkg5zbboi0l7b2jag4z86hrg69 0 128044 967022 796374 2026-10-12T23:54:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kenneth Mason Easley Jr. (Janairu 15, 1959 - Nuwamba 14, 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka wanda ya kwashe tsawon aikinsa na shekaru bakwai a matsayin aminci ga Seattle Seahawks na National Football League (NFL) daga 1981 zuwa 1987. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji don UCLA Bruins. Seahawks ne ya zabe shi a zagaye na farko na daftarin 1981 NFL. Wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Mai tilastawa",<ref>https://www.ocregister.com/2017/08/03/former-ucla-seattle-seahawks-safety-kenny-easley-enters-hall-of-fame-at-last/</ref> An yi la'akari da Easley a cikin manyan masu tsaron baya na zamaninsa kuma a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Seahawks<ref>http://www.tradingcarddb.com/ViewCard.cfm/sid/9205/cid/914405/1986-McDonald's-Seahawks-45-Kenny-Easley</ref> Easley ya kasance jagoran tsaron Seahawks<ref>http://www.tradingcarddb.com/ViewCard.cfm/sid/3240/cid/817913/1987-Topps-183-Kenny-Easley</ref> kuma an nada shi dan wasan karewa na NFL a cikin 1984. Ya kasance zaɓi na All-Pro sau hudu kuma an zabe shi zuwa Pro Bowl sau biyar a cikin aikinsa. Aikin Easley ya ƙare bayan lokacin 1987 lokacin da aka gano shi da cutar koda mai tsanani. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Easley ya mallaki dillalin Cadillac kuma, daga baya, ƙungiyar Norfolk Nighthawks daga 1999 zuwa 2003. An shigar da shi cikin Zauren Wasannin Wasannin Fame na Virginia a cikin 1998 kuma an zabe shi a cikin Gidan Wasan Kwallon Kafa na Pro a cikin 2017. ==Rayuwar farko== An haife shi a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1959, Kenny Easley ya girma a Chesapeake, Virginia.<ref>http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Seahawks-NFL-Beat-Easley-unloads-after-15-year-1098516.php</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa mata kuma sunan mahaifiyarsa Juanita.<ref>https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/E/EaslKe00.htm</ref> Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Oscar F. Smith a 1977. Shi ne dan wasa na farko a tarihin kwallon kafa na makarantar sakandaren Virginia don yin gaggawa da wuce fiye da yadi 1,000 a cikin kakar wasa daya,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1984/11/12/easleys-something-special |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920002858/https://vault.si.com/vault/1984/11/12/easleys-something-special |archive-date=2023-09-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kuma ya kasance duk-jihar da Ba'amurke zabi a kwata-kwata.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lvhLAAAAIBAJ&pg=6022,5378325&dq=kenny+easley&hl=en</ref> A cikin 1996, Makarantar Sakandare ta Oscar F. Smith ta girmama Easley da abokan karatunsa Ed Beard da Steve DeLong ta hanyar sanya sunan filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Beard-DeLong-Easley a ranar 6 ga Satumba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131111045103/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-73152771.html</ref> ==Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa== Easley da matarsa, Gail, suna da 'ya'ya uku: Kendrick, Gabrielle, da Giordanna.<ref>Henderson, Devon (November 15, 2025). "Kenny Easley, Hall of Famer and Seahawks legend, dies at 66". The Athletic. The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 16, 2025.</ref><ref>https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seahawks/kenny-easley-seahawks-hall-of-fame-safety-dies-at-66/</ref> ===Mutuwa=== Easley ya mutu a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2025, yana da shekara 66.<ref>https://www.nbcsports.com/nfl/profootballtalk/rumor-mill/news/hall-of-famer-kenny-easley-dies-at-66</ref><ref>https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/46976941/kenny-easley-seahawks-great-hall-famer-dies-66</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2025]] hi2f9flll07bx363au1purwosidcjh5 0 128459 966855 793454 2026-10-12T15:03:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Thomas John Parker''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1942) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Shi ne shugaban Laing O'Rourke kuma tsohon shugaban Pennon Group, darektan Carnival Corporation & plc kuma jagorantar wadanda ba babban darektan ba a Ofishin Ma'aikatar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Ya kasance darektan ko shugaban wasu kamfanonin jama'a da yawa ciki har da Airbus, Anglo American plc, [[Babcock International]], British Gas, DP World, Lattice Group, National Grid plc da Ombu Group. Ya kasance tsohon shugaban Royal Academy of Engineering, mai kula da Cibiyar Innovation da kuma Mai ziyara na [[Jami'ar Oxford]].<ref name="List of Fellows">{{Cite web |title=List of Fellows |url=http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608094405/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows |archive-date=8 June 2016 |access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Parker ne a cikin iyalin manoma a County Down, Arewacin Ireland . Ya halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Belfast (tun daga 1991 ana kiransa Kwalejin Metropolitan ta Belfast). A shekara ta 1958, yana da shekaru 17, ya shiga Harland da Wolff a matsayin mai horar da gine-ginen sojan ruwa (injiniya). A Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast an ba shi digiri na girmamawa na DSc a cikin Injiniyan inji da Gine-ginen Naval . == Ayyuka == * 1958-1963 Koyon aiki a Harland &amp;amp; Wolff <ref name="belfasttelegraph1">{{Cite web |title=From Harland and Wolff apprentice to Anglo American director: Sir John Parker's recipe for success |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/from-harland-and-wolff-apprentice-to-anglo-american-director-sir-john-parkers-recipe-for-success-30056265.html |via=www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk}}</ref> * 1963-1974 memba na ƙungiyar ƙirar jirgin ruwa a Harland & Wolff <ref name="belfasttelegraph1" /> * 1974-1978 Manajan Darakta na Austin &amp;amp; Pickersgill <ref name="belfasttelegraph1" /> * 1978-1983 Mataimakin Babban Darakta na kwamitin Kamfanin Masu Gina Jirgin Ruwa na Burtaniya <ref name="belfasttelegraph1" /> * 1983-1993 Shugaban da Babban Darakta na Harland da Wolff * 1983-1986 Ba Babban Darakta na Hukumar Ci gaban Masana'antu ta Arewacin Ireland ba <ref name="belfasttelegraph1" /> * 1983-1986 Ba Babban Darakta na Kamfanin Coal na Burtaniya ba <ref name="charity">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=6 January 2016 |title=Vice President – Sir John Parker |url=https://www.rnrmc.org.uk/vice-president-sir-john-parker-gbe-freng |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827142704/https://www.rnrmc.org.uk/vice-president-sir-john-parker-gbe-freng |archive-date=27 August 2018 |website=The Royal Navy and Royal Marines Charity |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> * 1993-2002 Ba Babban Darakta na Royal Navy da Royal Marines Charity <ref name="charity" /> * 1993-2000 Babban Darakta na [[Babcock International]] * 1994-2000 Shugaban da Babban Darakta na Babcock International * 1997-2000 Ba Babban Darakta na Gas na Burtaniya * 1999-2003 Shugaban Firth Rixson Limited <ref name="charity" /> * 2000-2003 Ba babban darektan ba kuma daga baya mataimakin shugaban P&amp;amp;O Princess Cruises <ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> * 2000-2002 Shugaban kungiyar LatticeRukunin Lattice * 2000-yanzu Daraktan Carnival plc <ref name="carnival">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Biography: Sir John Parker |url=http://www.carnivalcorp.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=140690&p=irol-govBio&ID=93139 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705014449/http://www.carnivalcorp.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=140690&p=irol-govBio&ID=93139 |archive-date=5 July 2017 |website=Carnival Corporation |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> * 2001-2003 Ba Babban Darakta na Brambles ba <ref name="charity" /> * 2002-2005 Shugaban Ƙungiyar RMC * 2002-2011 Shugaban National Grid plc * 2003-ya zuwa yanzu Ba Babban Darakta na Kamfanin Carnival ba <ref name="carnival" /> * 2005-2006 Shugaban P&amp;amp;O <ref name="x7" /> * 2006-2011 Shugaban Jami'ar Southampton <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-13 |title=University of Southampton |url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2006/07/university-outstanding-achievements.page |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Southampton.ac.uk}}</ref> * 2007-2015 Darakta da mataimakin shugaban DP World * 2007-2018 Ba babban darakta na Airbus Group ba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airbus Group |url=http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/group-vision/corporate-governance/board-of-directors.html |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Airbus Group |archive-date=2017-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615132410/http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/group-vision/corporate-governance/board-of-directors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2008 Ba shugaban zartarwa na BVT Surface FleetJirgin Ruwa na BVT * 2009-2017 Shugaban kungiyar Anglo American plc * 2011-2018 Ba shugaban zartarwa na Ombu Group <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ombu Group |url=http://www.ombugroup.com/team/ |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Ombu Group}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2011-2014 Shugaban Royal Academy of Engineering <ref name="charity" /> * 2011-2014 memba na Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Firayim Minista <ref name="charity" /> * 2015-2020 shugaban Ƙungiyar Pennon * 2017-yanzu shugaban Laing O'Rourke * 2017-yanzu jagora wanda ba babban darakta ba a Ofishin Ma'aikatar == Binciken Parker == Tsakanin 2016 da 2022, Parker ya kasance Shugaban Parker Review mai suna, bita mai zaman kansa wanda ke la'akari da yadda za a inganta bambancin kabilanci da al'adu na allon Burtaniya don nuna mafi kyawun ma'aikatan su da al'ummomin da suke hidima.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Binciken farko, wanda aka buga a cikin 2017, ya tsara shawarwari bakwai, gami da manufa ta "Daya ta '21'. Manufarta ita ce duk allon FTSE 100 ya kamata su sami akalla darektan daya daga asalin kabilanci a watan Disamba na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Wannan nasara ce ta dangi, tare da kamfanoni 89 na FTSE 100 da kamfanoni 128 na FTSe 250 da ke da wakilcin kabilanci a kan allon su har zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-13 |title=University of Southampton |url=http://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2006/07/university-outstanding-achievements.page |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Southampton.ac.uk}}</ref> == Sanarwa == An ba shi lambar yabo don ayyukan tsaro da ginin jirgi a shekara ta 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Ya kasance Shugaba Jami'ar Southampton daga 2006 zuwa 2011, <ref name="Tel-prof" /> tare da kasancewa gwamnan Royal National Lifeboat Institution.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government job for Laing O'Rourke chairman |url=https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/government-job-for-laing-orourke-chairman |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Sauran nadin sun hada da zama memba na Kwamitin Kasuwancin Firayim Minista na Burtaniya da kuma wanda ba babban darakta ba a Bankin Ingila. <ref name="BERR">{{Cite web |title=Business Council for Britain |url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/aboutus/corporate/bcb/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109133449/http://www.berr.gov.uk/aboutus/corporate/bcb/index.html |archive-date=9 January 2009 |access-date=20 January 2009 |publisher=UK Government}}</ref><ref name="BoE">{{Cite web |title=Bank of England – The Court of Directors |url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/people/court.htm |access-date=20 January 2009 |website=Bank of England}}</ref> Ya kasance Shugaban Royal Institution of Naval Architects daga 1996 zuwa 1999. A shekara ta 2012, an sanya shi [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Grand Cross na Order of the British Empire]] (GBE), don hidimomi ga Masana'antu da kuma bangaren sa kai.<ref>[http://webapps.dpworld.com/portal/page/portal/DP_WORLD_WEBSITE/About-DP-World/Board-of-Directors DP World] {{Webarchive}}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Cibiyar Injiniyoyi da Masu Gina Jiragen Ruwa a Scotland (HonFIES) a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Airbus Group |url=http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/group-vision/corporate-governance/board-of-directors.html |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Airbus Group |archive-date=2017-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615132410/http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/group-vision/corporate-governance/board-of-directors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zabe shi Fellow na Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) a shekarar 1983. <ref name="List of Fellows"/> An zabe shi a matsayin Mai girmamawa na Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha (HonFIET) a shekarar 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ombu Group |url=http://www.ombugroup.com/team/ |access-date=2019-05-06 |publisher=Ombu Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126043335/http://www.ombugroup.com/team/ |archive-date=2019-01-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Parker ya auri Emma, tsohuwar malamar Latin kuma mai buga piano, a shekarar 1967; suna da 'ya'ya biyu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Parker memba ne na Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Royal . == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] ewn7l89gue6almg4vuprht0836f8ip2 0 129288 966866 764789 2026-10-12T15:47:51Z TV7Baltic 49977 966866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''BTV''' [[tashar talabijin]] ce [[Lithuania|ta Lithuania]], wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1993. BTV tana watsa shirye-shirye awanni 24 a rana kuma tana da hedikwatarta a [[Vilnius]] . Shirin ya haɗa da nishaɗi, bayanai da shirye-shiryen ilimi, fina-finai da shirye-shirye. BTV tana rufe kashi 80% na yankin Lithuania. == Tarihi == A watan Afrilun 1993, an kafa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa na Lithuania-US "Baltijos televizija"; babban mai hannun jarinsa shine kamfanin Amurka "American Equitable Finance Corporation", wanda Kęstutis Makaitis ke jagoranta, kuma Ma'aikatar Kudi ta Jamhuriyar Lithuania ta zama ƙaramin mai hannun jari. A wannan shekarar, Baltijos Televizija, wanda kamfanin ya kafa, ya fara watsa shirye-shirye. Wannan tashar a cikin 1994–95 ta raba tashar UHF iri ɗaya (38) da TV Polonia . An kuma sake watsa ta a TELE-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=https://www.facebook.com/377013279423917/videos/153374246566411 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> A cikin 1996, tashar ta fara faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwar masu aiko da rahotanni lokacin da aka kafa ɗakin studio na Kupiškis. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Žilionis |first=Sigitas |date=2009-01-01 |title=Įvykiai: radijas ir televizija |trans-title= |url=https://www.zilionis.lt/history/events.php |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=zilionis.lt |language=lt |quote=Kupišk}}</ref> A cikin 1996–98, lokacin da ta saba watsa shirye-shiryen BBC da CNN don mafi yawan fitowar ta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LNK |url=http://www.btv.lt/lt/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980202085336/http://www.btv.lt/lt/ |archive-date=1998-02-02}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2002, Polsat ta sake wa tashar suna zuwa TV4, inda ta ɗauki suna da asalin tashar Poland, <ref>{{cite act|type=Potvarkis|index=293P|date=1993-04-21|legislature=[[Government of Lithuania|Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė]]|title=Dėl valstybinį kapitalą sudarančių akcijų turėtojo|url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.8365?positionInSearchResults=132&searchModelUUID=767772cb-2441-4b88-8827-10d4a76e465f|access-date=2024-03-12|language=lt}}</ref> amma bayan shekaru biyu, an sake ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 17 ga Satumba 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=https://www.facebook.com/377013279423917/videos/153374246566411 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> === Matsayin Talabijin === An haɗa BTV a cikin tsarin auna masu sauraro a talabijin na hukuma na Lithuania wanda Kantar (wanda a da ake kira TNS LT) ke gudanarwa, wanda ke amfani da fasahar mitar TV tun daga 2000. Binciken ya haɗa da sama da masu amsa 1,070 daga shekaru 4 kuma yana ba da ma'aunin masu sauraro na masu kallo a talabijin na minti ɗaya ga manyan tashoshin Lithuania, gami da TV3, LNK, LRT Televizija, BTV, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite act|type=Potvarkis|index=293P|date=1993-04-21|legislature=[[Government of Lithuania|Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė]]|title=Dėl valstybinį kapitalą sudarančių akcijų turėtojo|url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.8365?positionInSearchResults=132&searchModelUUID=767772cb-2441-4b88-8827-10d4a76e465f|access-date=2024-03-12|language=lt}}</ref> A cewar bayanan Statista daga shekarar 2022, manyan tashoshin talabijin a Lithuania ta hanyar isa gare su a kullum sune TV3 (kimanin kashi 33), LNK da LRT Televizija (dukansu kusan kashi 31 da 29 bisa dari), tare da wasu tashoshi ciki har da BTV da ke fafatawa a sauran sassan kasuwa. <ref>{{cite act|type=Potvarkis|index=293P|date=1993-04-21|legislature=[[Government of Lithuania|Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybė]]|title=Dėl valstybinį kapitalą sudarančių akcijų turėtojo|url=https://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.8365?positionInSearchResults=132&searchModelUUID=767772cb-2441-4b88-8827-10d4a76e465f|access-date=2024-03-12|language=lt}}</ref> Kamfanin nazarin kasuwa Dataxis ya lura cewa masu watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na Lithuania, ciki har da BTV, sun fuskanci matsin lamba na samun kudin shiga saboda mummunan yanayi a kasuwannin talla bayan 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=https://www.facebook.com/377013279423917/videos/153374246566411 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == a3dil76aeo53jl4da6o2asns2yfwe6g 0 130249 966890 793522 2026-10-12T17:36:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Justina Vail Evans''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1963), wacce a da ake yaba mata a matsayin '''Justina Vail''', ' [[Ɗan wasa|yar wasan kwaikwayo ce]] ta Burtaniya, mai koyar da rayuwa, marubuciya kuma mai ilimin motsa jiki . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Vail Evans a [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] a shekarar 1963 ga iyayenta 'yan Birtaniya . Ta koma [[Hong Kong]] a shekarar 1971 da kuma [[Ingila]] a shekarar 1975 inda ta halarci Makarantar Sacred Heart ta Beechwood da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Kent (wadda a da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Canterbury ce) don yin karatun zane-zane . Ta fara samun matsayinta na wasan kwaikwayo a Hong Kong inda ake daukar wani shirin talabijin na Birtaniya. == Sana'a == Vail Evans ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa kuma Daraktan Horarwa a Envision Coach Training, wani shirin horar da manyan masu horarwa wanda Hukumar Koyarwa ta Duniya (ICF) ta amince da shi. <ref name="ICF list">{{Cite web |last=International Coach Federation |first=(ICF) |title=International Coach Federation list of accredited programs |url=https://apps.coachfederation.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=TPSS |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828053951/https://apps.coachfederation.org/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?webcode=TPSS |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce Kocin ICF Master Certified Coach (MCC) kuma tana ba da horo na rayuwa, horar da manyan jami'ai, maganin hypnosis da shirye-shiryen neuro-linguistic (NLP) a cikin aikinta na sirri. <ref name="ICF coaches">{{Cite web |last=International Coach Federation |first=(ICF) |title=International Coach Federation credentialed coach finder |url=https://coachfederation.org/credentialed-coach-finder |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829195032/https://coachfederation.org/credentialed-coach-finder |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vail Evans ta yi ritaya a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2001 domin ci gaba da aikinta na yanzu. Matsayinta na wasan kwaikwayo mafi shahara shine a matsayinta na masanin kimiyya 'yar Rasha Dr. Olga Vukavitch a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 da farkon shekarun 2000 na shirin talabijin na UPN na almara na kimiyya mai suna ''Seven Days'' . Vail ta sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da rawar da ta taka a shirin. A shekarar 2000, ta lashe kyautar Saturn Award don fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai tallafawa, inda ta yi nasara a kan Amanda Tapping {{'}} ''Stargate SG-1'' . <ref name="GateWorld">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=6 June 2000 |title=Stargate SG-1 wins Saturn Award: Show honored by science fiction academy |url=http://www.gateworld.net/news/archive/000606_2.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121220035343/http://www.gateworld.net/news/archive/000606_2.shtml |archive-date=20 December 2012 |access-date=28 January 2013 |publisher=GateWorld}}</ref> Duk da haka, a shekarar 2001, an sami rahotannin rashin gamsuwa a wurin wasan. Tauraro mai suna Don Franklin ya nuna rashin gamsuwarsa da shirin, kuma an ruwaito cewa Vail ya bar shirin gaba ɗaya (a cewar wasu majiyoyin shirin kan takaddama da ta yi da tauraro ''mai suna Seven Days'' [[Jonathan LaPaglia]] ), amma daga baya ya dawo ya kammala kakar wasa ta uku. <ref name="Chicago Tribune" /> Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The X-Files'' a matsayin Unholy Spirit. A watan Satumba/Oktoba 1997, Vail Evans shi ma ya fito a wani shiri na Highlander: The Series . Shirin (tare da wasu da dama makamancin haka) yunƙurin gwada jarumai mata marasa mutuwa don Highlander: The Raven mai ɗan gajeren lokaci ne. Sharhin shirin ya gauraye, inda suka yi suka ga halin Vail amma ba a yi mata ba. A ƙarshe, ba halin Vail ne aka zaɓa don sabon shirin ba. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Vail Evans ta auri Dr. Jeff Evans, marubuci kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Envision Global Leadership. <ref name="EGL about">{{Cite web |last=Envision Global Leadership |first=I(EGL) |title=About Envision Global Leadership |url=https://www.envisiongloballeadership.com/about |access-date=29 August 2019}}</ref> Vail Evans ita ma marubuciya ce. Ta kasance marubuciya mai yawan wallafa littattafai a mujallar ''Backstage'', kuma a shekarar 2012 ta buga littafinta ''How to be a Happy Actor in a Challenging Business: A Guide to Thriving Through it All'' . <ref name="Happy Actor">{{Cite web |last=Vail |first=Justina |title=How to be a Happy Actor in a Challenging Business |url=https://www.actorslifecoaching.com/shop-2 |access-date=29 August 2019}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ba ta babbar kyauta ta rukunin "How To" don bikin littattafai na Hollywood na 2012. <ref name="Hollywood Book Festival">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=21 July 2012 |title=Hollywood Book Festival names "Nightingale" for top honors |url=http://www.hollywoodbookfestival.com/winners2012.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005025627/https://www.hollywoodbookfestival.com/winners2012.htm |archive-date=5 October 2013 |access-date=30 January 2013 |publisher=Hollywood Book Festival}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! Lakabi ! Matsayin ! Bayanan kula |- | 1990 | ''Titin Yellowthread'' | Caroline | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Yanke Dodon") |- | 1990 | ''Inuwar China'' | Caroline | |- | 1991 | ''Babban Ƙarfi'' | Mai masauki | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Kawo Karshen Hanya: Kashi na 2") |- | 1991 | ''Kasadar Superboy'' | Mataimakin Dr. Winger | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, shirye-shirye 2) |- | 1992 | ''Kwamitin'' | Anna Trentino | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Barcin Mai Adalci") |- | 1992 | ''Kasadar Superboy'' | Dr. Odessa Vexman | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, shirye-shirye 2) |- | 1993 | ''Tafiya zuwa Tsakiyar Duniya'' | Devin | Fim ɗin Talabijin |- | 1994 | ''Fayilolin X'' | Ruhu Mara Tsarki | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: " 3 ") |- | 1995 | ''Alamar'' | Irina | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Daga Rasha Ba Tare da Soyayya ba") |- | 1996 | ''Rayukan da Ba Su Da Rai'' | Amelia | |- | 1996 | ''Seinfeld'' | Amanda | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "The Bizarro Jerry") |- | 1996 | ''Carnosaur 3: Nau'in Farko'' | Proudfoot | |- | 1996 | ''Jerry Maguire'' | Tsohuwar Budurwa | |- | 1997 | ''Shuɗin Pacific'' | Maggie Garrity | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Runaway") |- | 1997 | ''Highlander: Jerin'' | Katya | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, shiri 1: "Adalci") |- | 1997 | ''Ba zato ba tsammani Susan'' | Gina | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Inda Abubuwan Daji Ba Suke Ba") |- | 1997 | ''Sumbaci 'Yan Matan'' | Kyakkyawan yarinya | |- | 1998 | ''Conan the Adventurer'' | Zotana | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Kibiyar Crystal") |- | 1998–2001 | ''Kwanaki Bakwai'' | Dr. Olga Vukovitch | (Shirin talabijin, shirye-shirye 66)<br /><br /><br /><br /> Kyautar Saturn ga Mafi Kyawun Jarumar Tallafawa Talabijin |- | 2009 | ''Babban Asibiti'' | Dr. Ingrid Hensen | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, shirye-shirye 6) |- | 2010 | ''Akwatin Sanyi'' | Zelda Panay '71 | (Jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kashi 1: "Metamorphosis") |- |} == Littattafan tarihi == * ''Yadda Ake Zama Dan Wasan Kwaikwayo Mai Farin Ciki A Cikin Kasuwanci Mai Kalubale: Jagora Don Ci Gaba Ta Cikin Duka'', CreateSpace, 2012, == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s3fw1vh7upz2dsjoorfbrvx1us0g5wf 0 130806 966942 768371 2026-10-12T20:12:25Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 966942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgia Ann Cardinali''' (née '''O'Connor:''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=IBA Boxing Family mourns the tragic death of Georgia Cardinali (formerly O’Connor) |url=https://www.iba.sport/news/iba-boxing-family-mourns-the-tragic-death-of-georgia-cardinali-formerly-oconnor/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=IBA |language=en-US}}</ref> 18 ga Fabrairu 2000 - 22 ga Mayu 2025) ƙwararriyar 'yar dambe ce ta Ingila wadda ta fara aikinta da rashin kaye bayan ta zama ƙwararriya a 2021. A matsayinta na mai son wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ta sami lambobin yabo na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa, ciki har da zinare a Wasannin Matasa na Commonwealth na 2017 da kuma kammala mumbari a Gasar Matasa ta Duniya da Gasar Turai. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == O'Connor ta zauna a Faransa na ɗan lokaci tun tana ƙarama kuma ta iya magana da Faransanci sosai. Ta kasance mai bel ɗin baƙi kuma ta lashe gasar ƙasa sau uku a Taekwondo, haka kuma ba a doke ta ba a wasan kickboxing. Ta yi karatun digiri a fannin injiniyan gine-gine kuma ta buga guitar sannan ta rera waƙa a lokacin hutunta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=IBA Boxing Family mourns the tragic death of Georgia Cardinali (formerly O’Connor) |url=https://www.iba.sport/news/iba-boxing-family-mourns-the-tragic-death-of-georgia-cardinali-formerly-oconnor/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=IBA |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sana'a == A matsayinta na mai son wasa, ta lashe lambar zinare a Gasar Matasa ta Commonwealth ta 2017, azurfa a Gasar Duniya ta Matasa ta 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=IBA Boxing Family mourns the tragic death of Georgia Cardinali (formerly O’Connor) |url=https://www.iba.sport/news/iba-boxing-family-mourns-the-tragic-death-of-georgia-cardinali-formerly-oconnor/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=IBA |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma tagulla a Gasar Duniya ta Matasa ta 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=IBA Boxing Family mourns the tragic death of Georgia Cardinali (formerly O’Connor) |url=https://www.iba.sport/news/iba-boxing-family-mourns-the-tragic-death-of-georgia-cardinali-formerly-oconnor/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=IBA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kai zagayen kwata-kwata a Gasar Matasa ta Turai ta 2018 bayan ta lashe lambobin tagulla da azurfa a matsayin ƙaramar yarinya a bugu na baya na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EUBC {{!}} EUROPEAN BOXING CONFEDERATION – EUBC {{!}} EUROPEAN BOXING CONFEDERATION |url=https://eubcboxing.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520090636/https://eubcboxing.org/ |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=2023-05-26}}</ref> Ta zama ƙwararriya a 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gibson |first=John |date=14 June 2021 |title=Georgia O'Connor's back on the road to boxing success after turning pro |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/other-sport/boxing/georgia-oconnors-back-road-boxing-20808274 |access-date=22 May 2025 |publisher=Chronicle Live}}</ref> kuma ta lashe dukkan fafatawa uku da ta yi a matsayi mai albashi. <ref name="georgia">{{Cite web |last=Eaton |first=Tom |date=22 May 2025 |title=Georgia O’Connor passes away aged 25 after cancer battle |url=https://boxingnewsonline.net/georgia-oconnor-passes-away-aged-25-after-cancer-battle/ |access-date=22 May 2025 |publisher=Boxing News Online}}</ref> == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == O'Connor ya auri Adriano Cardinali a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2025. <ref name="Yahoo">{{Cite web |last=Pattle |first=Alex |date=22 May 2025 |title=Tributes pour in as boxer Georgia O’Connor dies aged 25 after cancer battle |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/tributes-pour-boxer-georgia-o-122758421.html |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en-CA |via=Yahoo News}}</ref> O'Connor ya sha wahala daga cututtukan ulcerative colitis da primary sclerosing cholangitis, kuma an gano shi da ciwon daji a watan Janairun 2025. Ta mutu daga ciwon daji a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2025, tana da shekaru 25.[1][2][3][4] Kafin bincikenta na ciwon daji a watan Janairun 2025, O'Connor ta ce "babu wani likita da ya dauke ni da muhimmanci". [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] ====MANAZARTA==== chrz41lp6pddym3hgakj0eb9yvxdmuy 0 131269 966871 769422 2026-10-12T15:56:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jorge Nuno de Lima Pinto da Costa''' (28 Disamba 1937 - 15 Fabrairu 2025) ) babban jami'in wasanni ne na ƙasar Portugal, wanda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar wasanni ta Porto daga 1982 har zuwa 2024. <ref name="expresso">{{Cite web |title=30 anos de FC Pinto da Costa - Expresso.pt |url=http://expresso.sapo.pt/30-anos-de-fc-pinto-da-costa=f719465 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003163738/http://expresso.sapo.pt/30-anos-de-fc-pinto-da-costa=f719465 |archive-date=3 October 2013 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=expresso.sapo.pt}}</ref> Shi ne shugaban da ya lashe mafi yawan kofuna (69) a tarihin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] kuma mafi yawan kwanakin da ya yi yana aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Pinto da Costa, o presidente há mais tempo na liderança de um clube |url=https://www.publico.pt/2017/01/13/desporto/fotogaleria/pinto-da-costa-o-presidente-ha-mais-tempo-na-lideranca-de-um-clube-368983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812125251/https://www.publico.pt/2017/01/13/desporto/fotogaleria/pinto-da-costa-o-presidente-ha-mais-tempo-na-lideranca-de-um-clube-368983 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=Público |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Pinto da Costa yana da hannu a cikin badakalar cin hanci da rashawa ta kwallon kafa ta Portugal ''Apito Dourado'', wanda daga karshe aka wanke shi daga cikinsa a watan Afrilun 2009 <ref name="expresso"/> bayan an dakatar da shi na tsawon shekaru biyu da kuma tarar €10,000 a watan Mayun 2008. == Shekarun farko == An haifi Pinto da Costa a Cedofeita, ɗan José Alexandrino Teixeira da Costa da Maria Elisa Bessa Lima de Amorim Pinto, wanda ya haifi wasu yara hudu, ciki har da masanin ilimin likitancin nan gaba José Eduardo. A lokacin da yake da shekaru kusan goma sha biyu, Pinto da Costa ya fara aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki . Ya fara aiki tare da Porto, yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na yau da kullun; a shekarar 1953, a ranar haihuwarsa ta 16, kakarsa ta mahaifiyarsa ta yi masa rijista a matsayin ma'aikacin kulob kuma yana yawan halartar wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa da wasan hockey na ƙungiyar, daga ƙarshe ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin darakta a sashen ƙarshe, a farkon shekarunsa na 20. == Hulɗar ''Apito Dourado'' == Pinto da Costa yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da 'yan sanda suka bincika a matsayin wani ɓangare na badakalar cin hanci da rashawa ta wasanni ta ''Apito Dourado'' (Golden Whistle) a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal . Binciken ya sa ya gudu zuwa Spain tare da abokin aikinsa na wancan lokacin Carolina Salgado don gujewa tsarewa a 2004. An tuhume shi da cin hanci da rashawa a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Yuni 2007, tare da Reinaldo Teles, wani memba na gwamnatin Porto. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == 'Yarsa Joana ta auri manajan ƙwallon ƙafa Vítor Martins a shekarar 2019. An gano cewa Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa yana da [[Ciwon daji na prostate|cutar kansar mafitsara]] a watan Satumba na 2021. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Braga Sampaio |first1=Inês |date=2024-05-26 |title=Pinto da Costa despede-se do FC Porto com o 69.º título no futebol |url=https://rr.pt/bola-branca/noticia/porto/2024/05/26/pinto-da-costa-despede-se-do-fc-porto-com-o-69-titulo-no-futebol/379966/ |access-date=26 February 2025 |work=[[Rádio Renascença]] |language=Portuguese}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya mutu sakamakon cutar a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2025, yana da shekaru 87. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Pinto da Costa, o presidente há mais tempo na liderança de um clube |url=https://www.publico.pt/2017/01/13/desporto/fotogaleria/pinto-da-costa-o-presidente-ha-mais-tempo-na-lideranca-de-um-clube-368983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812125251/https://www.publico.pt/2017/01/13/desporto/fotogaleria/pinto-da-costa-o-presidente-ha-mais-tempo-na-lideranca-de-um-clube-368983 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=Público |language=Portuguese}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] ===MANAZARTA=== dwqn9dorfc01k66mblqmzv7cg7p32bj 0 131563 967059 906279 2026-10-13T05:59:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967059 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Malaysia (MIGHT) wani tanki ne mai ba ba riba ba a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation (Malaysia) . An kafa shi a 1993 don tallafawa Mai ba da shawara na Kimiyya ga Firayim Minista da kuma amfani da haɗin gwiwar bangarori da ma'aikatun daga masana'antu da gwamnati. An ba da umurni ga MIGHT don taimakawa wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar fasaha da iyawa a Malaysia. Kungiyar haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a cikin yanayi, tana ba da dandalin ginin yarjejeniya don haɗin gwiwa wajen bunkasa manufofi da samar da shawarwari na dabarun ga gwamnati. Ta hanyar dandamali da ayyukanta, MIGHT ta haifi sanannun shirye-shiryen kasa masu mahimmanci kamar su Malaysian Formula 1 Grand Prix, Kulim High-Tech Park, Cibiyar Kula da Motoci ta Malaysia, Hukumar Kula da Fasaha da sauransu da yawa. == Tarihi == Matsayin Malaysia game da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha ba sabon abu ba ne. Gwamnati ta daɗe tana fara matakan aiki don ingantawa da haɓaka damar kasuwanci ta fasaha ta hanyar amfani da kimiyya da fasaha. A shekara ta 1984, a karkashin Firayim Minista na lokacin Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, an kirkiro mukamin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya a Ma'aikatar Firayim Ministan don ƙirƙirar tsarin halittu mai kyau inda kimiyya da fasaha da ɗaukar ta zasu iya bunƙasa. Ana ganin wannan matakin a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa da kuma samar da ra'ayi na biyu ga waɗanda ke cikin Ma'aikatun da suka dace. Dokta Omar Abdul Rahman [1] an nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Firayim Minista kuma ya rike mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001. An shuka iri na MIGHT lokacin da aka kirkiro Sashin a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Mai ba da shawara na Kimiyya wanda ake kira 'Sashin Fasaha na Musamman' '' (Unit Khas Teknologi Tinggi) ''. Wannan rukunin ya girma ya zama abin da MIGHT yake a yau. MIGHT ta mayar da hankali da kuma jaddada ya kasance mai karfi sosai a cikin shekaru amma koyaushe ya kasance a cikin fannonin fasaha mai zurfi da injiniya mai nauyi. An mayar da hankali kan tsufa na masana'antar da kuma lokacin shiga tsakani. {| class="wikitable" !Yankin !Yankin !Yankin |- |Aerospace |Motar |Kayan aiki na gaba |- |Fasahar halittu |Kayan shafawa da magunguna |Makamashi |- |Lantarki da lantarki |Gudanar da kore |Magunguna |- |Gidaje da gini |Tsarin sufuri mai hankali |Jirgin ƙasa |- |Jirgin ƙasa |Birni mai hankali |Gina jirgi da gyaran jirgi |- |Sadarwa |Rashin da aka yi |Nanotechnology |- |Kayan kiwon lafiya |Sensors |Shuka shuke-shuke da kayayyaki |} == Kwamitin da gudanarwa == === Shugabannin hadin gwiwa === MIGHT tana karkashin jagorancin hadin gwiwa ta mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya da kuma babban kyaftin din masana'antar da Firayim Minista na Malaysia ya nada. * [[Zakri Abdul Hamid|Farfesa Dokta Zakri Abdul Hamid]], Mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Firayim Minista na Malaysia * Dokta Ir. Ahmad Tajuddin Ali, Shugaban Kungiyar UEM, Shugaban [[SIRIM]] === Kwamitin Daraktoci === Kwamitin MIGHT yana wakiltar manyan jami'an gwamnati da kyaftin din masana'antu. ==== Wakilin gwamnati ==== # Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista # Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki # Ma'aikatar Kudi # Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation # Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Fasahar Green da Ruwa # Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Duniya ==== Wakilin masana'antu ==== # Petronas - Petroliam Nasional Berhad # TNB - Tenaga Nasional Berhad # MARA - Majlis Amanah Rakyat # Sime Darby Berhad # BPHB - [https://www.binapuri.com.my Bina Puri Holdings Berhad] # FSMSB - [https://www.firstsolar.com Na farko Solar Malaysia Sdn Bhd] # SCS - [https://www.scs.my Ayyukan Ba da Shawara na Tsarin Sdn Bhd] === Babban Gudanarwa === MIGHT tana karkashin jagorancin Shugaban kasa da Babban Jami'in zartarwa kuma manyan Mataimakan Shugabanni da Mataimakin Shugabanni suna tallafawa. Tsarin manyan gudanarwa yana canzawa tare da ci gaban kungiyar da kuma canje-canje a cikin girmamawa don nuna yanayin yanayin MIGHT. ==== Shugaba da Shugaba ==== * Tun daga shekara ta 2008 - Dokta Yusoff Sulaiman - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208044406/https://might.org.my/senior-management/ |date=2025-12-08 }} ==== Manyan mataimakan shugaban kasa ==== * Tun daga 2012 - Dokta Raslan Ahmad - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208044406/https://might.org.my/senior-management/ |date=2025-12-08 }} * Tun daga shekara ta 2014 - Rushdi Abdul Rahim - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208044406/https://might.org.my/senior-management/ |date=2025-12-08 }} ==== Mataimakin shugaban kasa ==== * Tun daga shekara ta 2009 - Abdul Halim Bisri * Tun daga shekara ta 2009 - Mohd Zakwan Mohd Zabidi == Shirye-shirye da ayyukan == === Halitta da tunanin makomar === Halin hangen nesa da tunanin makomar shine ainihin ƙwarewa da aikin MIGHT. An san shi da binciken fasaha a farkon kwanakinsa, MIGHT yana gudanar da hangen nesa na fasaha da nazarin makomar don tallafawa sauran ayyukansa kodayake akwai juyin halitta da canje-canje ga hanyoyin da matakai. Don fadada hangen nesa fiye da fasaha, MIGHT ta kirkiro myForesight - Cibiyar Kula da Haske ta Malaysia a cikin 2012. == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20210426094702/http://www.might.org.my/ Kungiyar Gwamnatin Masana'antu ta Malaysia don Babban Fasaha] # [http://www.jpm.gov.my/jpm2/en Ofishin Ofishin Sashen Firayim Minista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206111908/http://www.jpm.gov.my/jpm2/en |date=2018-12-06 }} # [http://www.gsiac.org Kwamitin Kimiyya na Duniya, Innovation da Shawara]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # [http://malaysia.cleantechopen.org/ Shirin Innovation na Duniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211132134/http://malaysia.cleantechopen.org/ |date=2018-12-11 }} # [https://web.archive.org/web/20230712163537/https://www.myforesight.my/ myForesight - Cibiyar Foresight ta Malaysia] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 31njqh23orwlso9tgwc0ie6wjh15bno 0 134577 967025 917988 2026-10-13T00:07:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kevin Buchanan''' tsohon Lauyan gundumar Amurka ne na Washington County da Nowata County, Oklahoma daga Bartlesville kuma memba ne na Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board wanda Gwamna Kevin Stitt ya nada a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 2023. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bartlesville Radio » News » Buchanan Appointed to Pardon, Parole Board |url=http://bartlesvilleradio.com/pages/news/390312023/buchanan-appointed-to-pardonparole-board |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Bartlesville Radio |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812155107/https://bartlesvilleradio.com/pages/news/390312023/buchanan-appointed-to-pardonparole-board |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokacinsa a kan kwamitin zai ƙare a watan Janairun 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board - Board Members |url=https://www.ok.gov/ppb/Agency_and_Board_Meeting_Information/Board_Members/index.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.ok.gov}}</ref> Ya rike mukaminsa na lauyan gundumar sama da shekaru goma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board - Board Members |url=https://www.ok.gov/ppb/Agency_and_Board_Meeting_Information/Board_Members/index.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.ok.gov}}</ref> Kafin haka, ya kasance lauyan karewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=LAURA SUMMERS World |date=2011-02-21 |title=New DA at work in Washington, Nowata counties |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/state-and-regional/new-da-at-work-in-washington-nowata-counties/article_d2dcb8c3-fc37-53f8-96a9-94f32e0e9f97.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Tulsa World |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812161901/https://tulsaworld.com/news/state-and-regional/new-da-at-work-in-washington-nowata-counties/article_d2dcb8c3-fc37-53f8-96a9-94f32e0e9f97.html |archive-date=2023-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamitin gafartawa da Magana na Oklahoma === A watan Yulin 2023, Cathy Stoker ta yi murabus daga kwamitin tana mai cewa rawar da ta taka ba "mai kyau" ba ce kuma Gwamna Stitt ya nada Kevin Buchanan don maye gurbin ta. Buchanan ya zo ga Kwamitin Gafartawa da Magana lokacin da yake "a halin yanzu manufa ce ta karar da fursunonin da ke cikin shari'ar Richard Glossip ya kawo bayan an hana shi shawarar gafara. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board - Board Members |url=https://www.ok.gov/ppb/Agency_and_Board_Meeting_Information/Board_Members/index.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.ok.gov}}</ref> McDugle ya ce yana so ya gafarta da kwamitin Magana "yana da mambobi bakwai maimakon biyar kuma zai yi aiki a lokacin zaman majalisa na gaba" zuwa wannan burin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board - Board Members |url=https://www.ok.gov/ppb/Agency_and_Board_Meeting_Information/Board_Members/index.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.ok.gov}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2y4csfmph5lholbcs0vevjxgh11hfn4 0 138094 966862 782745 2026-10-12T15:28:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jonathan Hoffman''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1972) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai saka hannun jari kuma ɗan kasuwar takardun lamuni. Hoffman ya yi aiki a matsayin babban ɗan kasuwa ga Lehman Brothers da Barclays . <ref> name="Chu 2015 w936">{{Cite web |last=Chu |first=Ben |date=28 May 2015 |title=Jonathan Hoffman: The former Lehman Brothers banker who is still |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/jonathan-hoffman-the-former-lehman-brothers-banker-who-is-still-fighting-for-his-bonus-10277604.html |access-date=27 Aug 2023 |website=The Independent}}</ref> <ref> name="Butler 2015 k796">{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Sarah |date=24 May 2015 |title=Barclays paid star trader £170m in five years following financial crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/may/24/barclays-star-trader-financial-crisis-jonathan-hoffman-lehman-brothers |access-date=27 Aug 2023 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Hoffman kuma ya girma a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Iyalinsa sun mallaki kuma suna gudanar da kasuwancin alewa, Frankford Candy, wanda shine ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun zomaye na cakulan a Amurka. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar. Hoffman ya kammala karatunsa daga Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy a shekarar 1990 da kuma Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekarar 1994. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Ya yi tsammanin zai halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Wharton don digirin MBA, amma maimakon haka ya ɗauki aiki a Lehman Brothers. <ref>name="Star 2023 f294">{{Cite web |last=Star |first=For the Arizona Daily |date=5 Jul 2023 |title=Jonathan Hoffman: Corruption of the English language |url=https://tucson.com/opinion/local/jonathan-hoffman-corruption-of-the-english-language/article_2481a1d3-3f25-5c78-8c3e-11b1d8874a46.html |access-date=27 Aug 2023 |website=Arizona Daily Star}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Hoffman ya fara aiki a Wall Street, a Lehman Brothers, a shekarar 1994. Ya yi tsammanin daga ƙarshe zai shiga kasuwancin alewa na iyalinsa, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya yi nasara a cinikin takardun gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Ya bayyana dabarun cinikinsa a matsayin "mai cike da kuzari" saboda ba ya mayar da hankali kan abubuwa da suka haɗa da ci gaban tattalin arziki da manufofin kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, Hoffman ya koma Palm Beach, Florida kuma ya fara aiki a ofishin Lehman Brother's Miami. Daga 2005 zuwa 2008, Hoffman ya sami sama da dala $140.&nbsp;miliyan a cikin kari kuma a cikin 2008 ya zama ma'aikacin kamfanin mafi albashi mafi girma. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Rates na Duniya a Lehman Brothers. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Bayan fatara da Lehman Brother ya yi a shekarar 2008, Hoffman ya yi aiki a Barclay's daga 2009 zuwa 2013. Ya kawo ƙarin dala $1.1.&nbsp;biliyan a lokacin da yake can, amma ya bar bin manyan ƙa'idodin tarayya na kasuwar hannayen jari. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Bayan ya bar Barclay's, ya ɗauki hutu na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya fara cinikin hannun jari daga gidansa. Tun daga shekarar 2017, Hoffman ya yi aiki a ExodusPoint, wani asusun ajiyar kuɗi . <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A halin yanzu Hoffman yana zaune a Wynnewood, Pennsylvania tare da matarsa, Dr. Meredith Hoffman, da 'ya'yansa uku. A shekarar 2016, Hoffman ya kai ƙarar gidan Lehman Brothers yana neman dala $83&nbsp;miliyan a cikin kari da ba a biya ba. Da farko an umarci Lehman Brothers ya biya Hoffman $7.7&nbsp;miliyan, amma Alkalin Gundumar Amurka Lorna Schofield daga baya ya yi watsi da wannan hukuncin, wanda daga baya Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Biyu ta sake dawo da shi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=7 years after Lehman failed, this trader still wants his $83&nbsp;million bonus |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/bonuses-still-a-painful-issue-on-wall-street/2015/12/09/4ce39190-92cf-11e5-8aa0-5d0946560a97_story.html |access-date=March 13, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6zocvkqmseefkrakwiu1lhy2cbc1ihz 0 138669 966923 917285 2026-10-12T18:20:43Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Jiragen Sama ta Vaughn''' (wanda aka fi sani da Kwalejin Vaughn) kwaleji ce mai zaman kanta a Gabashin Elmhurst, New York, wacce ta ƙware a fannin ilimin sufurin jiragen sama da injiniya. Tana kusa da Filin Jirgin Sama na LaGuardia amma an kafa ta a Newark, [[New Jersey]], a shekarar 1932 kafin ta koma [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] a shekarar 1940. An canza sunan kwalejin kwanan nan, don girmama wanda ya kafa ta, a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 2004.<ref>As of June 30, 2020. </ref> == Tarihi == A shekarar 1929, Charles S. "Casey" Jones, wani babban jami'in kula da jiragen sama da kuma kamfanin jiragen sama, ya hango buƙatar ƙwararrun masu fasaha don tsara, ginawa da kuma kula da jiragen sama da injuna. George A. Vaughn Jr. da Lee D. Warrender sun haɗu da Charles S. "Casey" Jones wajen kafa Makarantar Aeronautics ta Casey Jones, wadda ta gabaci Kwalejin Aeronautics, kuma bayan Satumba 1986, Kwalejin Aeronautics. Tun daga ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2004, Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'i ta Jihar New York ta amince da sauya sunan cibiyar daga Kwalejin Jiragen Sama zuwa Kwalejin Jiragen Sama da Fasaha ta Vaughn.<ref>"Middle States Commission on Higher Education". Retrieved July 4, 2010.</ref> === Kafawar === Magajin gari Fiorello Henry La Guardia ya kafa harsashin ginin makarantar a shekarar 1940, jim kaɗan bayan buɗe filin LaGuardia. Magajin gari La Guardia yana son makarantar jiragen sama ta koyar da horar da matasa fasahar jiragen sama a sabon filin jirgin samansa. A lokacin, abokinsa kuma abokin tashi na Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Charles ("Casey") S. Jones, yana gudanar da Makarantar Jiragen Sama ta Casey Jones kusa da Filin Jirgin Sama na Newark. A farkon 1940, magajin gari ya shawo kan Casey ya kafa makaranta kusa da filin jirgin saman LaGuardia, a faɗin Grand Central Parkway. Jones ne ya kafa ta, sanannen matukin jirgin tsere na shekarun 1920; George Augustus Vaughn, Jr., wanda ya zo na biyu a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya; da Lee D. Warrender, injiniyan jiragen sama. Makarantar Casey Jones ta ilmantar da kuma horar da maza da mata 20,000 waɗanda suka goyi bayan nasarar da ƙasar ta samu a fannin jiragen sama a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an haɗa makarantar Casey Jones da Kwalejin Aeronautics, kuma ta koma masana'antar jiragen sama ta farar hula. A kaka na 1964, Kwalejin Aeronautics ta ba da digirin digirin kimiyya na aikace-aikace a karon farko, kuma, a shekarar 1969, ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Tsakiya ta ba da izini ga makarantar. A 1996, kwalejin ta sake duba manhajar karatunta gaba ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da sabbin shirye-shiryen ilimi guda tara, ciki har da a karon farko, digirin farko na Kimiyya da digirin haɗin gwiwa a fannin jirgin sama. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1998, an kammala ƙarin faɗin murabba'in ƙafa 35,000 a ginin ginin.<ref>Levoy, Laurie (May 22, 2010). "Local pioneer aviatrix, 3 others to be inducted into NJ aviation history Hall Of Fame". ''Courier News''. ProQuest 324854367. Retrieved July 3, 2010.</ref> === Faɗaɗa === A kaka na 1964, Kwalejin Aeronautics ta ba da digirin kimiyya na aikace-aikace a karon farko. A shekarar 1969, ƙungiyar Kwalejoji da Makarantu ta Tsakiya ta ba da izini ga makarantar. A shekarar 1996, kwalejin ta sake fasalin manhajarta gaba ɗaya, wanda ya haifar da sabbin shirye-shiryen ilimi guda tara, ciki har da a karon farko, digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin jirgin sama. A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1998, an kammala wani ƙarin gini mai girman murabba'in ƙafa 35,000 (mita 3,300) na zamani. Ya haɗa da hasumiyar kallo mai tsawon ƙafa 65 (mita 20) wadda ke ba da damar kallon hanyoyin jirgin sama a filin jirgin saman LaGuardia. A shekarar 2010, an mayar da wani zane mai tsawon ƙafa 126 (mita 38) wanda ke nuna farkon jirgin sama wanda Aline Rhonie Hofheimer ta zana a hangar F a Roosevelt Field zuwa Vaughn kuma za a nuna shi bayan gyare-gyare. Ana shirin mayar da zane a gidan tarihi na Cradle of Aviation Museum a watan Maris shekarar 2025. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kwalejin Fasaha]] po4xhbjiiresk7ow0cew4ms1mt9yp3p 0 139595 966947 814842 2026-10-12T20:29:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dr. Kandis Leslie Gillard-AbdulAziz''' injiniya ce ta Amurka da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka fasahar da ke mayar da sharar gona zuwa tsarin tace ruwa. <ref> name=":5" </ref> A lokacin da take zaune a Jami'ar California, Riverside, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Sashen Injiniyan Sinadarai da Muhalli. <ref>name=":5">{{Cite web |title=How This Chemist Is Turning Agricultural Waste Into Water Filters |url=https://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/agricultural-waste-carbon-filters/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Science Friday |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref> name=":3">{{Cite web |title=UCR Profiles - Search & Browse |url=https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/kandisa |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=profiles.ucr.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/kandisa "UCR Profiles - Search & Browse"]. ''profiles.ucr.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Kafin ta shiga Jami'ar Kudancin California, ta jagoranci Cibiyar Bincike ta Sustainable Lab, cibiyar bincike don mayar da sharar gida zuwa samfuran kirkire-kirkire waɗanda ke ba da fa'idodi ga al'umma. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=From Drug-Detection to Eco-Entrepreneurship: Introducing Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz |url=https://viterbischool.usc.edu/news/2024/02/from-drug-detection-to-eco-entrepreneurship-introducing-kandis-leslie-gilliard-abdulaziz/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=USC Viterbi {{!}} School of Engineering |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki da bincike == Bayan ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a fannin Sinadarai a shekarar 2007 daga Jami'ar Temple, ta sami aikin gwada sharar gida na matatar man fetur da kuma duba kayayyakin [[Danyen mai|man fetur]] masu inganci kamar phenol da acetone a wani matatar mai da ke kusa da Kogin Schuylkill a Kudancin Philadelphia . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Gillard-AbdulAziz daga baya ta yi aiki a Sashen 'Yan Sanda na Philadelphia a matsayin masanin kimiyyar sinadarai a Kamfanin Sunoco Chemicals wanda ya kware a [[Kimiyya ta bincike|kimiyyar binciken laifuka]] daga 2009-2011. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=UCR Profiles - Search & Browse |url=https://profiles.ucr.edu/app/home/profile/kandisa |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=profiles.ucr.edu}}</ref> Daga nan ta koma harkar kasuwanci ta kuma kafa kamfaninta mai suna Nardo Technology a shekarar 2016, wacce aka sanya wa suna bayan [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Paul |date=2016-03-27 |title=Wired In: Leslie Gilliard |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/news/wired-in-leslie-gilliard/article_7e6f50b4-97a8-5acf-afe5-5668bc77e0a6.html |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=The News-Gazette |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314123438/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/wired-in-leslie-gilliard/article_7e6f50b4-97a8-5acf-afe5-5668bc77e0a6.html |archive-date=2024-03-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yayin da ta kafa kamfaninta, ta ci gaba da karatunta ta hanyar neman digirin digirgir a fannin Sinadarai a Jami'ar Illinois, Urbana-Champaign . <ref name=":2" /> A shekarar da ta biyo baya, 2017, Abdul-Aziz ta zama kwararriyar malamar digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Gilliard-AbdulAziz |url=https://www.the-sustainable-lab.com/prof-gilliard-abdulaziz.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Sustainable Catalysis and Materials Group |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir, Gillard-AbdulAziz ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar California, Riverside a shekarar 2018, tana aiki a sashen Sinadarai da Injiniyan Muhalli. <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 2020, ta sami tallafin karatu na dala $30,000 na Hellman Fellowship don tallafawa ci gaban fasahar da za a iya fadadawa a sharar filastik da ake sake amfani da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kandis Leslie Abdul-Aziz receives Hellman Fellowship {{!}} Inside UCR {{!}} UC Riverside |url=https://insideucr.ucr.edu/awards/2020/07/20/kandis-leslie-abdul-aziz-receives-hellman-fellowship |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=insideucr.ucr.edu |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, a shekarar 2020, an buga wata takarda da ta taimaka wajen rubutawa tare kan hanyoyin mayar da Lignin zuwa mai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gale |first=Mark |last2=Cai |first2=Charles M. |last3=Gilliard‐Abdul‐Aziz |first3=Kandis Leslie |date=2020-04-21 |title=Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High‐Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals |url=https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cssc.202000002 |journal=ChemSusChem |language=en |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=1947–1966 |doi=10.1002/cssc.202000002 |issn=1864-5631 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An san Gillard-AbdulAziz a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mutane a mujallar Popular Science "The Brilliant 10" ta shekarar 2022. <ref name=":1" /> Gillard-AbdulAziz ta mai da hankali kan sake amfani da kayan sharar gida kamar murhun masara da bawon citrus zuwa matatun carbon da aka kunna don tsaftace muhalli. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Grunbaum |first=Mara |date=2022-10-19 |title=The Brilliant 10: The top up-and-coming minds in science |url=https://www.popsci.com/science/brilliant-10-2022/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma bincika canza sharar filastik da haɓaka kayan shaye-shaye don kamawa da sake amfani da hayakin [[carbon dioxide]], da nufin ƙirƙirar hanyoyin sake amfani da su don tattalin arziki mai dorewa. <ref name=":1" /> Gillard-AbdulAziz tana riƙe da kujerar Pasqual da Adelina a fannin Injiniyan Farar Hula da Muhalli a Jami'ar Kudancin California. <ref name=":0" /> Tana jagorantar Dakin Gwaji na Tsarin Catalysis da Kayan Aiki Mai Dorewa, tana mai da hankali kan canza kayan sharar gida kamar carbon dioxide, bawon citrus da filastik zuwa kayayyaki masu daraja ta hanyar catalysis. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=From Drug-Detection to Eco-Entrepreneurship: Introducing Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz |url=https://viterbischool.usc.edu/news/2024/02/from-drug-detection-to-eco-entrepreneurship-introducing-kandis-leslie-gilliard-abdulaziz/ |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=USC Viterbi {{!}} School of Engineering |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://viterbischool.usc.edu/news/2024/02/from-drug-detection-to-eco-entrepreneurship-introducing-kandis-leslie-gilliard-abdulaziz/ "From Drug-Detection to Eco-Entrepreneurship: Introducing Kandis Leslie Gilliard-AbdulAziz"]. ''USC Viterbi | School of Engineering''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> Aikinta, wanda aka amince da shi kwanan nan tare da ƙungiyar bincike ta Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship a Chemistry a shekarar 2024, yana da nufin ƙirƙirar samfuran da za a iya sake amfani da su da kuma rage ɗumamar yanayi ta hanyar haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin sake amfani da su. <ref name=":0" /> Hanyar Dr. Kandis Leslie Gillard-AbdulAziz ta ƙunshi haɗa dorewa da dorewar tattalin arziki, tare da mai da hankali kan mafita masu amfani ga masana'antu da masu tsara manufofi. <ref name=":0" /> Baya ga gudummawar da ta bayar a fannin kimiyya, Gillard-AbdulAziz ta taimaka wajen fafutukar samun damar shiga hanyoyin STEM cikin adalci. Sau da yawa tana hulɗa da ƙungiyoyin ilimi, hukumomin tarayya, da ƙungiyoyi masu mai da hankali kan dorewa don ba da shawara kan fasahohin zamani don haɓaka amfani da iskar carbon da kuma rage sharar gida. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Kandis Leslie Abdul-Aziz |url=https://wise.usc.edu/faculty-members/kandis-leslie-abdul-aziz/ |access-date=2025-11-07 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jajircewarta ga jagoranci da kuma shiga cikin al'umma yana bayyana a cikin rawar da take takawa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na injiniya na ƙasa, inda take aiki don ƙara wakilcin mata da ƙungiyoyi marasa wakilci a tarihi a fannin injiniyan muhalli da binciken catalysis. <ref name=":7" /> Ayyukanta sun ƙara mai da hankali kan hanyoyin kirkire-kirkire na sarrafa sharar gida, domin tasirin da ke dawwama ya sami karɓuwa sosai. Dr. Kandis Leslie Gillard-AbdulAziz ta sami kyautar aiki ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta $538,000 a shekarar 2021 saboda bincikenta kan mayar da [[Greenhouse gas|iskar gas mai dumama yanayi]] zuwa sinadarai masu amfani da makamashi a Jami'ar California Riverside. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Gilliard-AbdulAziz |url=https://www.the-sustainable-lab.com/prof-gilliard-abdulaziz.html |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Sustainable Catalysis and Materials Group |language=en}}</ref> Bincikenta ya kuma kasance mai mahimmanci wajen haɓaka hanyoyin sinadarai masu dorewa don samar da sinadarai masu ƙarancin carbon. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Jo |first=Seongbin |last2=Woo |first2=Jin Hyeok |last3=Nguyen |first3=Tu |last4=Kim |first4=Ju Eon |last5=Kim |first5=Tae Young |last6=Ryu |first6=Ho-Jung |last7=Hwang |first7=Byungwook |last8=Kim |first8=Jae Chang |last9=Lee |first9=Soo Chool |last10=Gilliard-AbdulAziz |first10=Kandis Leslie |date=2023-12-21 |title=Zr-Modified Ni/CaO Dual Function Materials (DFMs) for Direct Methanation in an Integrated CO 2 Capture and Utilization Process |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02935 |journal=Energy & Fuels |language=en |volume=37 |issue=24 |pages=19680–19694 |bibcode=2023EnFue..3719680J |doi=10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02935 |issn=0887-0624 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Abin lura shi ne, haɓaka fasahar ɓoye carbon don methane kai tsaye a cikin tsarin kamawa da amfani da [[Carbon dioxide|CO2]] yana wakiltar babban mataki don haɓaka inganci da dorewar fasahar canza [[Carbon dioxide|CO2]] . <ref name=":4" /> Bayan bincike, lambar yabo ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (National Science Foundation CEEREER Award) ta kuma goyi bayan jajircewarta na ƙara samun damar yin bincike mai dorewa ga mata a matakai daban-daban na ilimi. Ta fara wani taron shekara-shekara na shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu ga mata 'yan shekara ta farko a fannin injiniya, damar yin bincike na digiri na farko, da ayyukan injiniya na hannu ga 'yan mata 'yan shekara ta 18. A halin yanzu tana riƙe da matsayin Mataimakin Farfesa na WiSE Gabilan a fannin Injiniyan Farar Hula da Muhalli a Jami'ar Kudancin California. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=USC - Viterbi School of Engineering - Viterbi Faculty Directory |url=https://viterbi.usc.edu/directory/faculty/Abdul-Aziz/Kandis |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=viterbi.usc.edu }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2024 Alfred P. Sloan Sloan Abokin Bincike * Kyautar Sashen Makamashi ta 2023 a Aikin Farko (Sinadarin Kayan Aiki) * Kyautar Aiki ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta 2022 (CBET - Catalysis) <ref name=":6"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ni58cbhxhx8yw138tq4tn75fy4lue5q 0 146274 966863 897018 2026-10-12T15:31:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joni Kay Ernst''' (née '''Culver''' ; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1970) <ref name="Iowa State University">{{Cite web |last=Ernst |first=Gail |title=Joni Kay Ernst – Plaza of Heroines at Iowa State University |url=http://www.las.iastate.edu/archive/plaza/one_name.php?id=378 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220219/http://www.las.iastate.edu/archive/plaza/one_name.php?id=378 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=November 5, 2014}}</ref> 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka kuma jami'ar soja mai ritaya da ta yi aiki tun daga shekarar 2015 a matsayin ƙaramar sanata daga [[Iowa]] . Ita memba ce a [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Jihar Iowa, Ernst ya shiga rundunar Sojojin Amurka.<ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{Cite web |last=Rogin |first=Ali |date=July 18, 2016 |title=Joni Ernst: Everything You Need to Know |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/joni-ernst/story?id=40278077 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Tsaro na Iowa daga 1993 zuwa 2015, ta yi ritaya a matsayin Lieutenant Colonel.<ref name="retired">{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Jennifer |date=December 1, 2015 |title=Joni Ernst retires from the military |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2015/12/01/joni-ernst-retires-from-the-military/76608022 |access-date=December 3, 2015}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Iraki, ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan jami'in kamfanin sufuri na 1168 a Kuwait kuma daga baya ta umarci Battalion na Tallafin Tallafin Yaki na 185 a sansanin Dodge .<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2015 |title=First Female Veteran, Joni Ernst, Sworn into U.S. Senate |url=https://centennial.legion.org/iowa/postdepartment-headquarters/2015/01/03/first-female-veteran-joni-ernst-sworn-us-senate |access-date=September 21, 2023 |website=centennial.legion.org |publisher=American Legion}}</ref> Ernst ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Iowa daga 2011 zuwa 2014 kuma a matsayin mai binciken Montgomery County daga Janairu 2005 zuwa Janairu 5, 2011. <ref name="04win">{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2004 |title=2004 Montgomery County Auditor Election |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-nonpareil-2004-win/178353492/ |access-date=August 7, 2025 |publisher=The Daily Nonpareil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Mike |date=November 10, 2015 |title=Schoonover named to workforce development post |url=https://www.kmaland.com/news/schoonover-named-to-workforce-development-post/article_c2f5dd1c-87e8-11e5-b2ae-df0566f9362b.html |access-date=August 7, 2025 |publisher=[[KMA (AM)|KMA Land]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250902190833/https://www.kmaland.com/news/schoonover-named-to-workforce-development-post/article_c2f5dd1c-87e8-11e5-b2ae-df0566f9362b.html |archive-date=September 2, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An zabe ta a Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka a shekarar 2014 kuma an sake zabar ta a shekarar 2020. A matsayinsa na shugaban kwamitin manufofin jam'iyyar Republican na Majalisar Dattijai daga 2023 zuwa 2025, Ernst ya kasance dan jam'iyyar Jamhuriyar Republican na huɗu a Majalisar Dattijan. A lokacin da take majalisar dattijai, ta yi kira ga sauye-sauye ga Medicare, Medicaid, da Tsaron Jama'a. A lokacin Gwamnatin Trump, ta nuna damuwa game da yakin cinikayya na Trump da China, kuma a matsayin hawk na yaki, ta soki wasu manufofin kasashen waje. Yayinda take tallafawa duka wadanda Trump ya zaba a matsayin Mai kula da EPA, ta nuna damuwa game da jajircewarsu ga Sabuntawable Fuel Standard. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2025, Ernst ta ba da sanarwar cewa ba za ta sake neman zaben a shekarar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sen. Joni Ernst says she won't seek re-election in 2026 |url=https://www.msnbc.com/chris-jansing-reports/watch/sen-joni-ernst-says-she-won-t-seek-re-election-in-2026-246448197788 |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=MSNBC.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Ernst Joni Kay Culver a Montgomery County, Iowa, 'yar Marilyn da Richard Culver. Ta kasance mai gabatar da jawabi na aji a makarantar sakandare ta Stanton Community School . <ref name="PlazaOfHeroines">{{Cite web |last=Ernst |first=Gail |date=May 16, 1994 |title=Joni Kay Ernst |url=http://www.las.iastate.edu/archive/plaza/one_name.php?id=378 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220219/http://www.las.iastate.edu/archive/plaza/one_name.php?id=378 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date=July 13, 2014}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] daga Jami'ar Jihar Iowa a shekarar 1992, <ref name="PlazaOfHeroines" /> da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da jama'a daga Jami'an Jihar Columbus a shekarar 1995. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Candidate: Iowa's U.S. Senate seat: Joni Ernst, Republican |url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2014/05/09/iowa-election-joni-ernst-bio-issues/8929395/ |access-date=November 25, 2014 |website=Des Moines Register}}</ref> A kwaleji, ta shiga cikin musayar noma zuwa [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . === Ayyukan soja === Ernst ta shiga shirin Horar da Jami'ar Jihar Iowa lokacin da take da shekaru 20, da kuma Sojojin Amurka bayan kammala karatunta.<ref name="abcnews.go.com"/> Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in dabaru kuma ta kai matsayin Lieutenant Colonel a cikin Iowa National Guard . A cikin 2003-2004, ta yi watanni 12 a [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]] a matsayin kwamandan Kamfanin Sufuri na 1168, a lokacin Yaƙin Iraki . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Jacobs, Jennifer |date=November 4, 2014 |title=Joni Ernst wins Iowa U.S. Senate seat |url=http://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/2014/11/04/joni-ernst-wins-iowa-us-senate-seat/18490851/ |access-date=November 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2014 |title=Joni Ernst's Senate victory makes her first woman to represent Iowa in Congress |url=http://www.omaha.com/news/politics/iowa-elects-republican-ernst-to-senate-over-braley/article_d95d16a4-644b-11e4-8b55-001a4bcf6878.html |access-date=November 15, 2014 |publisher=Omaha.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206154658/https://www.omaha.com/news/politics/iowa-elects-republican-ernst-to-senate-over-braley/article_d95d16a4-644b-11e4-8b55-001a4bcf6878.html |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kusan ƙarshen aikin soja, ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan jami'in Battalion na Tallafin Tallafin Yaki na 185 a Camp Dodge, babbar rundunar tsaron kasa ta Iowa. Bayan da ta yi ritaya daga aikin soja a shekarar 2015, Ernst ta yi aiki na shekaru 23 a cikin Sojojin Sojoji da Sojojin Tsaro.<ref name="retired"/> Kyaututtuka sun hada da lambar yabo ta Meritorious Service, lambar yabo ta Sojoji, lambar yabo ce ta Sojojin, lambar yabo da ta Yakin Duniya kan Ta'addanci, da kuma lambar yabo ta Yakin duniya kan Ta'adda.<ref name="Noble">{{Cite web |last=Noble |first=Jason |date=April 5, 2015 |title=Examining Ernst's Military Credentials |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113850990/examining |website=The Des Moines Register |pages=A1, [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113851140/reality/ A9] |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> A wata hira da mujallar Time a shekarar 2014, Ernst ta ce an yi mata cin zarafin jima'i a cikin soja, tana cewa, "Ina da maganganu, wucewa, abubuwa kamar haka" wanda ta iya dakatar da ita, kuma ta ce za ta goyi bayan cire jerin umarni daga binciken da kuma gurfanar da shari'ar cin zarafin lalata. === Siyasa ta Iowa === An zabi Ernst a matsayin mai binciken Montgomery County a shekara ta 2004, inda ya doke mai mulki, Connie Magneson . <ref name="04win"/> Ta yi takara ba tare da hamayya ba a shekara ta 2008 kuma an sake zabar ta da kuri'u 4,569 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2008 |title=Montgomery |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-nonpareil-08-win/178383127/ |access-date=August 7, 2025 |publisher=The Daily Nonpareil |page=9}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2013 |title=Iowa GOP lawmaker Joni Ernst enters 2014 Senate race |url=http://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20130710%2FNEWS%2F307109852 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424125658/http://www.omaha.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20130710%2FNEWS%2F307109852 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |access-date=April 24, 2014 |website=omaha.com}}</ref> An zabe ta a Majalisar Dattijai ta Jihar Iowa a wani zabe na musamman a shekarar 2011 kuma an sake zabar ta a shekarar 2012. Ta wakilci Gundumar 12, a kudu maso yammacin Iowa.<ref name="JoniErnst"> {{Cite web |title=The Iowa Legislature: Senator Joni Ernst |url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/Legislators/legislator.aspx?GA=85&PID=11232 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918014143/https://www.legis.iowa.gov/Legislators/legislator.aspx?GA=85&PID=11232 |archive-date=September 18, 2013 |access-date=May 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Senator Joni Ernst (IA) |url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/128583/joni-ernst |access-date=December 1, 2024 |website=[[Project Vote Smart]]}}</ref> Bayan zaben ta zuwa Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka, Ernst ta yi murabus daga Majalisar Dattijan Jihar Iowa, daga ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2014 |title=Ernst Resigns From Iowa Senate, Special Election Announced |url=http://whotv.com/2014/12/01/ernst-resigns-from-iowa-senate-special-election-announced/ |access-date=December 3, 2014 |website=WHO-TV |archive-date=December 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204023618/http://whotv.com/2014/12/01/ernst-resigns-from-iowa-senate-special-election-announced/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka == === Zabe === ==== 2014 ==== [[Fayil:Joni_Ernst_by_Gage_Skidmore_5.jpg|right|thumb|Ernst yana magana a Taron Ayyukan Siyasa na Conservative]] A watan Yulin 2013, Ernst ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta nemi kujerar Majalisar Dattijai da Sanata Tom Harkin ya yi ritaya. Mataimakin Gwamna na Iowa Kim Reynolds ya amince da ita a watan Oktoba 2013. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, tsohon Gwamnan Massachusetts Mitt Romney da tsohon Gwamnan Alaska Sarah Palin sun amince da Ernst, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph, Cameron |date=March 26, 2014 |title=Palin endorses Joni Ernst in Iowa Senate race |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/senate-races/201798-palin-endorses-joni-ernst-in-iowa/ |access-date=September 19, 2020 |website=The Hill}}</ref> wanda ta kwatanta da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Allie |date=5 May 2014 |title=Senate Candidate Joni Ernst's Sarah Palin Schtick is Now Beyond Parody |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/05/senate-candidate-joni-ernsts-sarah-palin-schtick-is-now-beyond-parody/361702/ |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Joni Ernst: is this pig-castrating gun-lover the new Sarah Palin? |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/people/58605/joni-ernst-is-this-pig-castrating-gun-lover-the-new-sarah-palin |website=[[The Week]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, Majalisar Kasuwanci ta Amurka, ƙungiyar masu fafutuka, ta amince da ita.<ref name="focused">{{Cite web |last=Hohmann |first=James |date=May 29, 2014 |title=Joni Ernst focused on primary in final Iowa debate |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/05/joni-ernst-election-iowa-debate-107237.html |access-date=June 2, 2014 |website=[[Politico]]}}</ref> Ba a san shi sosai ba a farkon kamfen dinta, 'yan uwan Koch sun inganta Ernst a zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican tare da "dubban dubban daloli na tallace-tallace na talabijin [...] da dubban dalole a cikin gudummawar kamfen kai tsaye". [1] [2] [3] Wata kungiya mai goyon bayan Koch ta kaddamar da "tallace-tallace", gami da kamfen na $ 257,000 a kan babban abokin hamayyar Republican na Ernst, mai kula da mai Mark Jacobs, wanda ya goyi bayan wani tsari na iyakance hayakin carbon wanda Koch Industries ya yi adawa.[1] Ernst a asirce ya yaba wa Kochs da abokansu don "da gaske ya fara tafiyata" bayan nasarar da ta samu na farko.[1][2] Ernst ta sami kulawa sosai don tallan kamfen ɗin da ta fitar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, inda ta yi kwatankwacin harshe-in-cheek tsakanin kwarewarta na [[Kashewar zakari|castrating]] aladu da ikonta na "yanke naman alade" a Majalisa. Mutane da yawa sun sami talla mai ban dariya, <ref name="pork" /> kuma masu wasan kwaikwayo na dare, ciki har da Jimmy Fallon da [[Stephen Colbert]] sun yi amfani da shi. Kafin a watsa tallan, Ernst ta yi ƙoƙari ta tara kuɗi, kuma kuri'u biyu na zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican da aka dauka a watan Fabrairun 2014 sun nuna ta a matsayi na biyu, maki da yawa a bayan Mark Jacobs. Bayan an watsa shi, binciken Jami'ar Suffolk a farkon watan Afrilu ya nuna ta da ƙananan jagora kuma binciken Kwalejin Loras ya nuna ta a ɗaure ta da Yakubu.<ref name="hogs" /> A watan Mayu, ana bayyana ta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai a matsayin "mai karfi na gaba".<ref name="focused"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ub96n6kk20ud0dis1qvxmjiabl6lku 0 147349 966808 817451 2026-10-12T13:15:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''James Rolder''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Amurka. Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Michigan Wolverines, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun ƙasa a 2023 kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta All-Big Ten a 2025. == Rayuwa ta farko == Rolder ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Marist da ke Chicago, Illinois. Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin dan wasa na taurari huɗu kuma dan wasa na 364 a cikin aji na 2022, inda ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Michigan Wolverines a kan tayin daga wasu makarantu kamar Florida, Cincinnati, Iowa, LSU, Jihar Ohio, da Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuke |first=Ryan |title=Wolverine recruiting report: Why Michigan commit Jimmy Rolder is a fast-rising prospect in 2022 class |url=https://www.mlive.com/wolverines/2021/11/wolverine-recruiting-report-why-michigan-commit-jimmy-rolder-is-a-fast-rising-prospect-in-2022-class.html |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=MLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Michael |date=17 November 2021 |title=Michigan football receives commitment from 4-star Illinois linebacker |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/college/university-michigan/wolverines/2021/11/17/michigan-football-illinois-linebacker-jimmy-rolder/8656439002/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Detroit Free Press}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a shekarar 2022, Rolder ya buga wasanni 13 kuma ya yi jimillar 14 tackles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Scotty |date=14 July 2025 |title=LB Jimmy Rolder’s path to Michigan Football, outlook for 2025 |url=https://www.maizenbrew.com/2025/7/14/24467017/michigan-football-linebackers-jimmy-rolder-2025-season-jaishawn-barham-ernest-hausmann |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Maize N Brew}}</ref> A cikin 2023, an iyakance shi zuwa wasanni shida saboda raunin da ya samu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McMann |first=Aaron |title=Senior linebacker stays the course for more playing time, ‘love’ of Michigan |url=https://www.mlive.com/wolverines/2025/04/michigan-senior-linebacker-sticks-it-out-for-more-playing-time.html |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Rolder ya gama kakar wasa ta 26 tackles, tare da 1.5 don asarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Breiler |first=Chris |title=Michigan DC Wink Martindale names two new contenders for starting roles |url=https://www.si.com/college/michigan/football/michigan-dc-wink-martindale-names-two-new-contenders-for-starting-roles |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Rolder ya sami matsayi na farawa don fara kakar 2025 ga Wolverines. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McMann |first=Aaron |title=Jimmy Rolder shines as Michigan defense delivers another strong outing |url=https://www.mlive.com/wolverines/2025/10/jimmy-rolder-shines-as-michigan-defense-delivers-another-strong-outing.html |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=MLive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wuchter |first=Jonathan |title=As Michigan defense shuts down Michigan State, Jimmy Rolder omnipresent |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/sports/football/as-michigan-defense-shuts-down-michigan-state-jimmy-rolder-omnipresent/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Michigan Daily}}</ref> A cikin mako na farko na kakar, ya yi rikodin kwallo hudu, daya shine don asarar nasara a kan New Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Zach |title=Michigan linebacker depth displayed with 4 starter-quality players |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/sports/football/michigan-linebacker-depth-displayed-with-four-starter-quality-players/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Michigan Daily}}</ref> A cikin mako na tara, ya yi rikodin sauye-sauye goma, biyu don asarar, gami da jaka, da kuma farfadowa a karo na huɗu a jere a gasar da Michigan State Spartans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Auchincloss |first=Matthew |date=26 October 2025 |title=Jimmy Rolder's patience pays off for Michigan football in dominance vs MSU |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/university-michigan/wolverines/2025/10/26/jimmy-rolder-michigan-football-spartans/86912794007/ |access-date=27 October 2025 |website=Detroit Free Press}}</ref> Rolder ya sami lambar yabo ta Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week bayan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2025 |title=Michigan, Nebraska, Oregon, Rutgers and Washington Earn Weekly Football Honors |url=https://bigten.org/article/58749/ |access-date=October 27, 2025 |website=BigTen.org |publisher=Big Ten Conference |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216165937/https://bigten.org/article/58749/ |archive-date=February 16, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Rolder ya jagoranci Wolverines tare da jimlar 73 tackles, yana da sacks biyu, tsayarwa, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta biyu All-Big Ten . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Michigan Wolverines Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/michigan/2025.html |website=Sports Reference (College Football)}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://mgoblue.com/sports/football/roster/jimmy-rolder/26753 Tarihin Michigan Wolverines] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] j2xzc804m6x166baneklmsd3ulsg6ra 0 148786 967067 841223 2026-10-13T06:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' tana wakiltar Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin wanda suka fafata a gasar Southern Conference (SoCon). Manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer ne suka jagoranci Tar Heels a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da rashin nasara biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 |access-date=2026-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618154548/https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 |access-date=2026-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610022437/https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 |archive-date=2026-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |archive-date=2022-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708154211/https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} m15mp50pults2b0r8zrlm7zng1kfqtu 0 148919 966921 857792 2026-10-12T18:19:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 966921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cheese '''Areesh''' ( Egyptian Arabic ''{{Transl|ar|gebna arish}}'' ) wani nau'in madara ne na gargajiya [[Misra|na Masar]] wanda yayi kama da cukuwar gida, wanda aka siffanta shi da laushi, fari, da kuma ɗanɗano mai kauri. Ana yin sa ne da madarar shanu ko buffalo mai laushi kuma yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin abincin Masar. <ref name="tasteatlas">{{Cite web |title=Areesh |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/areesh |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=TasteAtlas}}</ref> == Suna == Ana iya amfani da sunan ''Areesh'' a wasu lokutan a musanya shi da ''cukuwar gida'' . <ref name="cnnar">{{Cite web |date=29 August 2024 |title=أبرزها إنقاص الوزن..6 أسباب ستدفعك لتناول جبن القريش |url=https://arabic.cnn.com/science-and-health/article/2024/08/29/cottage-cheese-benefits-health |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=CNN Arabic |language=ar}}</ref> == Shiri == Ana fara samar da cukuwar areesh da madarar da ke kumfa don samar da laban rayeb, madarar da aka yi skimmed. [1] [2] Ana dumama wannan madarar da aka yi skimmed a hankali, wanda ke sa kitsen ya rabu da whey. Ana tattara kitsen kuma a tace shi, wanda ke haifar da samuwar cukuwar areesh. Wannan hanyar tana samar da cuku mai kama da cukuwar gida. [3] [4] == Amfani == Cukuwar ta shahara a ƙasashen Larabawa da dama. <ref name="tnn">{{Cite web |last=Ghazal |first=Rym |title=9 favourite regional cheeses in the UAE |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/food/9-favourite-regional-cheeses-in-the-uae-1.139377 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> Cukuwar Areesh tana da amfani sosai a fannin girki. Ana iya cin ta sabo, sau da yawa ana ci da ɗan [[zuma]] ko kuma a haɗa da [[tumatir]] da aka yanka da ganyaye da kayan ƙanshi don ƙara ɗanɗanonta. Bugu da ƙari, cukuwar areesh tana aiki a matsayin tushen samar da ''mish'', wani cukuwar gargajiya da aka yi da fermented da ake ci a Masar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Cheese with All its Goodness |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/egyptian-cheese-with-all-its-goodness-nawaya/qQXhWyI4LtVBqQ?hl=en |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ultimate Egyptian Karish Cheese Dip (جبنة قريش بالطماطم) |url=https://cheznermine.com/2022/02/11/ultimate-egyptian-karish-cheese-dip-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |website=Chez Nermine |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422200646/https://cheznermine.com/2022/02/11/ultimate-egyptian-karish-cheese-dip-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da shi wajen shirya kayan zaki, kayan zaki, da kuma shanklish . <ref name="tnn"/> == Duba kuma == * Mish * Laban rayeb * Cukuwar gida * Abincin Masar * Jerin cuku == Manazarta == 2gp84hd09z5nkuahnf3txlg0o49i4xa 0 149200 966891 925538 2026-10-12T17:38:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Justin Pwanidi Madugu''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1964) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Najeriya kuma jami'in. Shi ne manajan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Kungiyar mata ta Najeriya]] a yanzu. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == Madugu ta zama wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan horar da tawagar mata ta Najeriya daga cikin shekara ta 2012 zuwa gaba. Ya kuma horar da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya aƙalla har zuwa 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-04 |title=Nigeria joins World Minifootball Federation, unveils players – The Regular News |url=https://theregularnews.com.ng/nigeria-joins-world-minifootball-federation-unveils-players/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya ya horar da [[Adamawa United F.C.|Adamawa United]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Williams |date=2021-06-14 |title=Coach Justine Madugu savors important win over River United |url=https://www.brila.net/coach-justine-madugu-savors-important-win-over-river-united/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805204240/https://www.brila.net/coach-justine-madugu-savors-important-win-over-river-united/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ya koma tawagar mata ta Najeriya a watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2021-11-05 |title=NEW SUPER FALCONS COACHES BRING NEW VISION TO TEAM |url=https://thestreetjournal.org/new-super-falcons-coaches-bring-new-vision-to-team/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=The Street Journal |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kuma lissafa shi a matsayin kocin Plateau United a kakar shekara ta 2022-har zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya shiga tare da tawagar a gasar cin kofin Confederation da kuma Gasar Zakarun Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justine Pwanidi Madugu Trainer Plateau Utd: Titel, Karriere, Alter |url=https://www.fussballtransfers.com/trainer/justine-pwanidi-madugu |access-date=2023-08-05 |language=de}}</ref> Acikin watan Yunin shekara ta 2023, an zabe shi Sakataren Kudi na FA na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=Adamawa born Justin emerges Fin Sec of Nigeria Football coaches Association |url=https://tgnews.com.ng/2023/06/23/adamawa-born-justin-emerges-fin-sec-of-nigeria-football-coaches-association/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=TG NEWS |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 2025, an zabi Madugu don kyautar Ballon d'Or Team Coach of the Year. == Daraja == === Manajan === '''Kasashen Duniya''' * Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata: 2024 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 3y1y3voiugbgq1g6cdwn5xp18rwuvsr 0 149874 967017 832308 2026-10-12T23:32:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cornelis Henricus Johannes "Kees" de Boer''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a Serie C ta Italiya ta Salernitana . == Aikin kulob == === Birnin Swansea === De Boer ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ƙungiyar FC Volendam, Ajax da [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] . Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ta Swansea a wasan da suka doke Northampton Town da ci 3-1 a filin wasa na Liberty a gasar cin kofin EFL . De Boer ya maye gurbin Yan Dhanda a minti na 90. === ADO Den Haag === A ranar 2 ga Yuni 2020, De Boer ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din Eredivisie ADO Den Haag, bayan da kwantiraginsa da Swansea ya kare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title=Kees de Boer tekent voor twee jaar in Cars Jeans Stadion |url=https://adodenhaag.nl/nl/nieuws/laatste-nieuws/1e-elftal/8756-kees-de-boer-tekent-voor-twee-jaar-in-cars-jeans-stadion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185314/https://adodenhaag.nl/nl/nieuws/laatste-nieuws/1e-elftal/8756-kees-de-boer-tekent-voor-twee-jaar-in-cars-jeans-stadion |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=ADO Den Haag |language=nl}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a gasar ADO a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2020 a wasan da Heracles Almelo ta doke su da ci 2-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2020 |title=ADO Den Haag begint competitie met nederlaag in Almelo |url=https://adodenhaag.nl/nl/teams/1e-elftal/resultaten/742-heracles-almelo-ado-den-haag-742 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712112228/https://adodenhaag.nl/nl/teams/1e-elftal/resultaten/742-heracles-almelo-ado-den-haag-742 |archive-date=12 July 2021 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=ADO Den Haag |language=nl}}</ref> Bayan wani mummunan kakar wasa, inda ADO ta kare a ƙarshen gasar kuma ta sha kashi a hannun Eerste Divisie, De Boer ya yi amfani da zaɓin faduwa a kwangilarsa don barin ƙungiyar a matsayin mai zaman kansa. === VVV-Venlo === De Boer ya koma VVV-Venlo, wanda ya fuskanci koma baya tare da ADO, a ranar 6 ga Yulin 2021, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓin ƙarin kakar wasa. [1] Ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko a wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar, inda aka tashi kunnen doki 2-2 a gida a ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2021-22 . [2] De Boer ya bar VVV a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2022-23, saboda ba a tsawaita kwangilarsa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2023 |title=VVV-Venlo neemt afscheid van tien spelers |url=https://www.vvv-venlo.nl/nieuws/vvv-venlo-neemt-afscheid-van-tien-spelers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606135309/https://www.vvv-venlo.nl/nieuws/vvv-venlo-neemt-afscheid-van-tien-spelers |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=VVV-Venlo |language=nl}}</ref> === Ternana === A ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2023, De Boer ya koma ƙungiyar Ternana ta Italiya a hukumance a matsayin kyauta, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya da ƙungiyar, tare da zaɓin wani kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Mercato: ingaggiato il centrocampista olandese Kees de Boer |url=https://ternanacalcio.com/mercato-ingaggiato-il-centrocampista-olandese-kees-de-boer/ |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=Ternana Calcio |language=it-IT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926085929/https://ternanacalcio.com/mercato-ingaggiato-il-centrocampista-olandese-kees-de-boer/ |archive-date=26 September 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2023 |title=Calciomercato Ternana, ufficiale l'arrivo di Kees de Boer |url=https://www.ternitoday.it/sport/ternana-calciomercato-ufficiale-arrivo-kees-de-boer-2023.html |access-date=15 September 2023 |website=TerniToday |language=it-IT}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == De Boer ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Netherlands, bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15. A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2015, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 ta Netherlands wasa a wasan sada zumunci da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Serbia 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15, inda ya taimaka wa Jurgen Ekkelkamp ya rama ƙwallon da ya ci daga bugun kusurwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2015 |title=Gelijkspel voor Onder 15 |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/nieuws/jeugd-mannen-onder-15/61162/gelijkspel-voor-onder-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710215032/https://www.onsoranje.nl/nieuws/jeugd-mannen-onder-15/61162/gelijkspel-voor-onder-15 |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=OnsOranje |language=nl}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 3 June 2023}}<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|kees-de-boer/486640|accessdate=18 December 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Kofin League ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | 'Yan shekara 23 na Swansea City | 2018–19 | colspan="3" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 1 {{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy]]}} | 0 | 1 | 0 |- | [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Birnin Swansea]] | 2019–20 | Gasar Zakarun Turai | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |- | ADO Den Haag | 2020–21 | Eredivisie | 20 | 0 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 21 | 0 |- | rowspan="3" | VVV-Venlo | 2021–22 | Eerste Division | 32 | 0 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 33 | 0 |- | 2022–23 | Eerste Division | 35 | 7 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 4 {{Efn|Appearances in [[Eredivisie]] promotion/relegation playoffs}} | 0 | 40 | 7 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 67 ! 7 ! 2 ! 0 ! colspan="2" | — ! 4 ! 0 ! 73 ! 7 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 87 ! 7 ! 3 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 5 ! 0 ! 96 ! 7 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] atb2f9npr3kxvqhw4f0w6bly89iytap 0 150152 967016 897371 2026-10-12T23:30:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Keaton Wagler''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2007) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne na kwalejin Amurka na Illinois Fighting Illini na Babban Taron Goma . == Rayuwa ta farko da makarantar sakandare == Wagler an haife shi ne ga Logan da Jennifer Wagler, dukansu biyu sun buga wasan kwando a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Hutchinson, wanda aka fi sani da "Hutch", a cikin shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Erik |date=February 7, 2026 |title=Keaton Wagler: 5 things to know about the Illinois basketball guard |url=https://www.thetelegraph.com/sports/article/keaton-wagler-facts-illinois-basketball-23-parents-21339547.php |access-date=February 17, 2026 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref name="Rittenberg">{{Cite web |last=Rittenberg |first=Adam |date=February 26, 2026 |title=The unexpected rise of Keaton Wagler at Illinois |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/story/_/id/48037112/keaton-wagler-rise-illinois-freshman |access-date=February 26, 2026 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Tushen kwando nasa ya fi zurfi. Ɗaya daga cikin kakanninsa, ɗaya daga cikin kakanninmu, kawunsa, da ɗan'uwansa Landon duk sun yi wasa a Hutch. Kakan ya ci gaba da taka leda a TCU kuma daga baya ya gudanar da gasar zakarun maza na kwaleji na kasa, kuma kawun ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa yayin da yake wasa ga Hutch. Har ila yau, 'yar'uwarsa Brooklyn ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a Kwalejin Kansas City kafin ta yi wasa a Jami'ar Nazarene ta MidAmerica, kuma Landon ya ci gaba da yin wasa a MidAmerica Nazarene . <ref name="Rittenberg" /> Wagler ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Shawnee Mission Northwest a Shawnee, Kansas. Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta shi a matsayin mai daukar taurari huɗu. A lokacin da aikinsa ya kasance wasan maki 32 da Chaminade (MO) a Quincy, Illinois, wanda daga baya ya rushe ya zira kwallaye 46 a kan Purdue . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-25 |title=Illinois Freshman Keaton Wagler, Once Overlooked, Drops 46 to Stun No. 4 Purdue |url=https://www.si.com/college-basketball/illinois-freshman-keaton-wagler-drops-46-to-stun-no-4-purdue |access-date=2026-03-29 |website=SI |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami tayin daga makarantu kamar UT-Rio Grande Valley, LeMoyne, Arewacin Colorado, Jihar Murray, Oral Roberts, UIC, DePaul, Kudancin Illinois, Saint Louis, Jihar Colorado, Illinois, da Tulsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richey |first=Scott |title=Good Morning, Illini Nation: Offer out to 2025 guard |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/newsletter/content/sports/illini_basketball/good-morning-illini-nation-offer-out-to-2025-guard/article_507deee0-61c9-11ef-aacf-c777b5171ed1.html |access-date=December 17, 2025 |website=The News-Gazette}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, Wagler ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwando na kwaleji don Illinois Fighting Illini . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Tristan |title=Four-star guard Keaton Wagler commits to Illinois |url=https://www.wcia.com/sports/your-illini-nation/four-star-guard-keaton-wagler-commits-to-illinois/ |access-date=December 17, 2025 |website=WCIA.com |archive-date=October 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003123955/https://www.wcia.com/sports/your-illini-nation/four-star-guard-keaton-wagler-commits-to-illinois/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A karon farko a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Wagler ya samu maki 18, rebounds shida, hudu assists, da kuma sata biyu a cikin nasara da Jackson State.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richey |first=Scott |title=Wagler impressing early in his Illini career |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/sports/wagler-impressing-early-in-his-illini-career/article_881288b6-8145-44fb-8176-53ed6ae876e4.html |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=The News-Gazette}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba, ya rubuta maki 16, rebounds takwas, da kuma taimakon biyar, tare da zero turnovers a cikin nasara a kan Tennessee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lagendorf |first=Jackson |title=Did Illinois' Keaton Wagler Just Level Up Against Tennessee? |url=https://www.si.com/college/illinois/basketball/keaton-wagler-illinois-level-up-tennessee |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=Illinois Fighting Illini on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, Wagler ya zira kwallaye 23 a nasarar da ya samu a kan Jihar Ohio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reedy |first=Joe |title=Keaton Wagler's 23 points lead No. 13 Illinois in Big Ten opener |url=https://qctimes.com/sports/college/basketball/article_bc828326-71eb-5fa5-8762-681b4e95d81f.html |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=QuadCityTimes.com |archive-date=16 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216202608/https://qctimes.com/sports/college/basketball/article_bc828326-71eb-5fa5-8762-681b4e95d81f.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Disamba, ya yi rikodin aikinsa na farko sau biyu tare da maki 19 da 10 a cikin asarar 83-80 ga Nebraska.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richey |first=Scott |date=December 13, 2025 |title=Illinois leaning on Keaton Wagler |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/sports/notes-illinois-leaning-on-keaton-wagler/article_0e3f4d29-6b8c-487e-bebc-cb15a1c7e032.html |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=The News-Gazette}} </ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Janairun 2026, Wagler ya rubuta maki 46 a Purdue, ya kafa sabon rikodin ga sabon dan wasan Illinois a wasa daya. Wannan kuma ya daura maki 46 na Andy Kaufmann a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1990 don maki na biyu mafi yawa a wasan daya na Illinois. Wagler an dauke shi a matsayin mai yuwuwar zabar caca a cikin shirin NBA na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lagendorf |first=Jackson |date=December 10, 2025 |title=Four Illini in 2026 NBA Mock Draft – Including a Surprise First-Round Projection |url=https://www.si.com/college/illinois/basketball/illinois-basketball-four-illini-2026-nba-mock-draft-surprise-first-rounder |access-date=16 December 2025 |website=Illinois Fighting Illini on SI |publisher=SI.com}} </ref> Ayyukan sun wakilci mafi yawan maki da dan wasan kwallon kwando na Big Ten ya taɓa zira kwallaye a kan abokin hamayyar AP Poll 5 kuma mafi yawan maki ya taɓa zira a cikin nasara a kan babbar abokin hamayyarsa goma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2026 |title=Illinois and Michigan State Score Men’s Basketball Weekly Honors |url=https://bigten.org/mbb/article/59257/ |access-date=January 27, 2026 |publisher=[[Big Ten Conference]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har ila yau, wasan kwaikwayon ya karya rikodin shekaru 58 don maki da abokin hamayyarsa ya zira a Mackey Arena, ya karya rikicin wasan makaranta guda ɗaya tare da 9 da ya yi maki uku kuma ya kasance mafi yawa a cikin wasan Big Ten tun lokacin da Mike Woodson ya buga 48 a 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Huett, Wes |date=January 24, 2026 |title=Who is Keaton Wagler? Freshman sets records in Illinois basketball victory |url=https://www.pjstar.com/story/sports/college/basketball/2026/01/24/keaton-wagler-illinois-freshman-scoring-records-in-win-vs-purdue/88341042007/ |access-date=January 27, 2026 |website=[[Peoria Journal Star]]}}</ref> Bayan kakar wasa ta farko, Wagler ya bayyana don shirin NBA na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2026 |title=Keaton Wagler declares for NBA Draft: projection and analysis |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaab/2026/04/12/keaton-wagler-declares-nba-draft-mock-2026-projection-analysis/89492552007/ |access-date=April 13, 2026 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://fightingillini.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/keaton-wagler/15216 Illinois Yaki da Illini bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] h1a4683tghr95u2hkbjco76s0orfpjm 0 151791 966917 884751 2026-10-12T18:18:13Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mimisen Agatha Julia Iyorhe Calvin-Onwuka''' (an haife ta ranar 2 ga Maris, 1984 a [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benue]], Najeriya) tsohuwar alƙaliyar wasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa daga Najeriya wadda ta yi suna a matakin duniya a matsayin mataimakiyar alƙaliya. Ta kasance cikin jerin alƙalan wasa na FIFA daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2023, inda ta jagoranci wasanni daban-daban na nahiyar Afirka da kuma na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimisen_Iyorhe |title=Mimisen Iyorhe |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dailytrust.com/the-rise-of-female-referees-in-nigerian-football/ |title=The rise of female referees in Nigerian football |website=Daily Trust |date=2026 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> Iyorhe ta fara samun karɓuwa sosai bayan ta shiga cikin manyan gasannin CAF da FIFA. Ta kasance cikin jami’an wasa na gasar '''2018 Women’s Africa Cup of Nations''' da aka gudanar a Ghana, inda ta nuna ƙwarewa da kwarewar gudanar da wasa a babban mataki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://leadership.ng/wafcon-2022-caf-appoints-madu-iyorhe-others-as-referees/ |title=WAFCON 2022: CAF Appoints Madu, Iyorhe, Others As Referees |website=Leadership Newspaper |date=2022-06-17 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Mimisen Iyorhe ta kafa tarihi bayan kasancewa cikin rukuni na farko na mata alƙalan wasa da suka jagoranci wasan maza a gasar '''African Nations Championship (CHAN)''' ta CAF a Kamaru. Wannan ya zama wani babban mataki a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafar Afirka saboda shi ne karo na farko da mata suka yi irin wannan aiki a gasar maza ta CAF.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecable.ng/nigerias-iyorhe-listed-among-referees-for-maiden-caf-women-champions-league-final/ |title=Nigeria’s Iyorhe listed among referees for maiden CAF Women’s Champions League final |website=TheCable |date=2021-11-19 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimisen_Iyorhe |title=Mimisen Iyorhe |website=German Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> Ta kuma shiga cikin tawagar jami’an wasa da suka jagoranci wasan ƙarshe na farko a tarihin '''CAF Women’s Champions League''' a shekarar 2021 tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Hasaacas Ladies ta Ghana da Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies ta Afirka ta Kudu a [[Kairo|birnin Alkahira]] na ƙasar Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thecable.ng/nigerias-iyorhe-listed-among-referees-for-maiden-caf-women-champions-league-final/ |title=Nigeria’s Iyorhe listed among referees for maiden CAF Women’s Champions League final |website=TheCable |date=2021-11-19 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Iyorhe ta kasance Mataimakiyar Alƙali ta ɗaya (Assistant Referee One) a wasan ƙarshe na '''Women’s Africa Cup of Nations (WAFCON)''' tsakanin Afirka ta Kudu da Morocco. Wannan nasara ta sa Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) ta yaba mata tare da bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mata alƙalan wasa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/nff-hails-mimi-calvin-onwuka-madu-on-wafcon-feats/ |title=NFF hails Mimi Calvin-Onwuka, Madu on WAFCON feats |website=Vanguard News |date=2022-07-20 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> Bayan haka, FIFA ta zaɓi Mimisen Iyorhe cikin jami’an wasan da suka gudanar da '''FIFA U-20 Women’s World Cup''' na shekarar 2022 da aka gudanar a [[Costa Rica]]. Wannan ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinta a cikin manyan alƙalan wasa mata na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thesun.ng/fifau20wwc-mimisen-iyorhe-makes-officiating-team/ |title=FIFAU20WWC: Mimisen Iyorhe makes officiating team |website=The Sun Nigeria |date=2022-05-28 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> Baya ga aikin alƙalanci, Mimisen ta kafa wata manhaja mai suna '''#GirlsThatRef''' domin tallafawa matasa mata masu sha’awar zama alƙalan wasa da kuma ƙarfafa su wajen neman ilimi da sana’a. Ta kuma shiga shirin '''Global Sports Mentoring Program''' na gwamnatin Amurka domin inganta shugabanci da daidaiton jinsi a harkokin wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://owosports.com.ng/global-sports-mentoring-programme-fifa-referee-mimisen-hails-us-mission-in-nigeria/ |title=Global Sports Mentoring Programme: FIFA Referee Mimisen Hails US Mission In Nigeria |website=OwoSports |date=2021-11-18 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> A watan Janairu na shekarar 2023, Mimisen Iyorhe Calvin-Onwuka ta sanar da yin ritaya daga aikin alƙalancin wasa bayan shekaru sama da goma tana aiki a matakin FIFA. Ritayarta ta zo ne bayan ta kafa tarihi da dama a wasan ƙwallon ƙafar Afirka, musamman wajen buɗe ƙofa ga mata a wasannin maza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportsration.com/mimisen-iyorhe-retires-from-active-refereeing/ |title=Mimisen Iyorhe retires from active Refereeing |website=SportsRation |date=2023-01-20 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportingtribune.com/nigerias-most-recognised-football-referees/ |title=Nigeria’s most recognised football referees |website=Sporting Tribune |date=2025-10-30 |access-date=2026-05-20}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[FIFA]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kjjbfgr8vabou3ml9y4xikndr417yfs 0 152461 967044 840854 2026-10-13T02:52:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Luenha_Mazowe_OSM.png|right|thumb|330x330px|Kogin Gairezi a cikin kogin Luenha (ƙasa dama) ]] == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == '''Kogin Gairezi''' ya fara ne a kan gangaren dutse mafi girma na [[Zimbabwe]], Dutsen Nyangani mai mita 2,592 (8,504 , kuma yana gabashin Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanga Rural District Council |url=http://www.nyangardc.org/tourism.php |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=nyangardc.org}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yayin da yake juyawa zuwa arewa daga Gabashin Gabas, kuma fiye da kilomita 60 (37 , daga baya ya zama iyaka tsakanin Zimbabwe da [[Mozambik|Mozambique]] kafin ya shiga Kogin [[Kogin Mazowe|Mazowe]] da [[Kogin Zambezi|Zambezi]] - da kuma Kogin Luenha, mai ba da gudummawa ga Zambezi: a kusan kilomita 160 (99 sama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-13 |title=The Gairezi River area, Nyanga |url=https://patchzimbabwe.wordpress.com/articles/homes-magazine/the-gairezi-river-area-nyanga/ |access-date=2021-02-15 |website=Patch's personal Blog |language=en}}</ref> Gaizeri yana gudana ta Nyanga, wani gari a Lardin Manicaland na Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == qpjp8tbn1z35vh7td5ntixewebjmq6b 0 153738 966879 897069 2026-10-12T16:19:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joshua Michael DeBerry''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2001) ɗan wasan kwallon kafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon . Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Boston College Eagles da Texas A&amp;amp;M Aggies . == Rayuwa ta farko == DeBerry ya girma a Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan kuma ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta De La Salle. A cikin babban lokacinsa, DeBerry ya zira kwallaye 36 tare da biyu da rabi don asarar, sauye-sauye bakwai, da kuma katsewa biyu, yayin da yake ƙara 30 receptions don yadudduka 687 da takwas touchdowns, da kuma gaggauta don yadudduke 123 da touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purcell |first=Jared |date=26 October 2018 |title=Football Player of the Year top 10: Josh DeBerry of Warren De La Salle |url=https://www.mlive.com/sports/erry-2018/10/563ab44f81990/football-player-of-the-year-to.html |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> Da yake fitowa daga makarantar sakandare, an kiyasta DeBerry a matsayin mai saurin taurari uku inda ya sami tayin daga makarantu kamar Northwestern, Boston College, Buffalo, Wake Forest, Cincinnati, Iowa, Jihar Iowa, Kentucky, da Northwestern.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrell |first=Perry |title=Who's in running for 3-star Josh DeBerry as college decision nears? |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/high-school/2018/10/06/joshua-deberry-warren-de-la-salle/1547407002/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Detroit Free Press}}</ref> DeBerry daga ƙarshe ya yanke shawarar yin wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Boston College Eagles . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolph |first=Jutin |date=18 April 2023 |title=Former Boston College defensive back Joshua DeBerry commits to Texas A&M |url=https://www.on3.com/college/texas-am-aggies/news/former-boston-college-defensive-back-joshua-deberry-commits-to-texas-am/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=On3.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekaru hudu da DeBerry ya yi tare da Kwalejin Boston, ya buga wasanni 39 inda ya yi jimillar 158 tackles tare da 14 don asarar, 19 pass deflections, da kuma hudu interceptions <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bartholomew |first=Colton |date=3 April 2023 |title=What an offer to another transfer defensive back means for Wisconsin football |url=https://kenoshanews.com/sports/college/what-an-offer-to-another-transfer-defensive-back-means-for-wisconsin-football/article_eda34422-30ac-5cbc-8f40-77d84a6ec49c.html |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Kenosha News}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kammala kakar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=AJ |title=Boston College CB Josh DeBerry Enters Transfer Portal |url=https://247sports.com/college/boston-college/article/boston-college-josh-deberry-enters-transfer-portal-203550306/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=247Sports}}</ref> DeBerry ya yanke shawarar canja wurin don yin wasa ga Texas A & M Aggies . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan Jr. |first=Sam |date=18 April 2023 |title=Former Boston College DB Josh DeBerry transferring to Texas A&M: How he can help the Aggies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4426396/2023/04/18/josh-deberry-transfer-texas-a-m/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=The Athletic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=VanHaaren |first=Tom |date=18 April 2023 |title=Texas A&M adds Boston College transfer DB Josh DeBerry |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/36228542/texas-adds-boston-college-transfer-db-josh-deberry |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A karon farko na DeBerry tare da Aggies ya buga 10 tackles, sack, pass deflection, da kuma tsayarwa a cikin nasarar 52-10 a kan New Mexico. DeBerry ya gama kakar 2023 inda ya buga 39 tackles tare da hudu da rabi don asarar, jaka, tara wucewa, da kuma biyu interceptions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Jarrett |date=8 January 2024 |title=Texas A&M Cornerback Josh DeBerry is headed to the 2024 Hula Bowl |url=https://aggieswire.usatoday.com/2024/01/08/texas-am-cornerback-josh-deberry-is-headed-to-the-2024-hula-bowl/ |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Aggies Wire}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}}DeBerry ya sanya hannu tare da Dallas Cowboys a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, Nick |date=May 8, 2024 |title=12 undrafted free agents expected for rookie camp |url=https://www.dallascowboys.com/news/12-undrafted-free-agents-expected-for-rookie-camp |website=DallasCowboys.com}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fehoko, Harvey among first wave of roster cuts |url=https://www.dallascowboys.com/news/fehoko-harvey-among-first-wave-of-roster-cuts |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=dallascowboys.com}}</ref> DeBerry ya sanya hannu tare da Hamilton Tiger-Cats a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ticats sign American DBs Josh Berry, Quavian White |url=https://www.cfl.ca/2025/01/29/ticats-sign-american-dbs-josh-berry-quavian-white/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |publisher=cfl.ca}}</ref> An sake shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Josh DeBerry |url=https://www.footballdb.com/players/josh-deberry-deberjo01/transactions |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=FootballDB.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://bceagles.com/sports/football/roster/josh-deberry/14794 Boston College Eagles bio] * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/josh-deberry/12197 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 2rz4cqw5qcbkqfg0gjd3ctldt72r4qm 0 154269 967048 845481 2026-10-13T04:19:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kowaliga''', wanda aka fi sani da Kowaliga Industrial Community da '''Benson''', <ref name="Hedreen-2021b">{{Cite web |last=Hedreen |first=Siri |date=April 28, 2021 |title=Timeline: The rise and fall of Benson |url=https://www.alexcityoutlook.com/multimedia/timeline-the-rise-and-fall-of-benson/collection_dbacf2d8-a820-11eb-8a10-f3392a9ea996.html |access-date=March 6, 2023 |website=[[Alexander City Outlook]] |language=en |type=article and image carousel}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> tsohon ƙauye ne da ba a kafa shi ba kuma a tarihi al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka da ke aiki daga kusan 1890 har zuwa 1926, kuma yana cikin Elmore County kuma daga baya Tallapoosa County a Alabama, Amurka. Yankin ya fara ne a matsayin ƙasar ƙabilar Muscogee mai suna iri ɗaya kuma a wuri ɗaya. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, John Jackson Benson ne ya kafa al'ummar Baƙar fata ta Amurka tare da goyon bayan ɗansa William E. Benson. An yi wa Benson bauta, kuma bayan an sake shi ya yi aiki don siyan ƙasar noma ta tsohon mai shi. Al'ummar ta kasance gidan noma da kasuwanci na masana'antu; Makarantar Kowaliga, wata makaranta mai zaman kanta don koyon ƙwarewar masana'antu da na gida; Kamfanin Dixie Industrial, wata ƙungiya ta kasuwanci don samar da aiki da ƙwarewa ga ɗalibai da al'umma; da kuma layin Dixie na ɗan gajeren lokaci, layin dogo na farko mallakar Baƙar fata da aka gina a 1914. Ba a san da yawa game da cikakken tarihin ba amma akwai hotuna da yawa, kuma ya zama sabon abin da masu bincike suka mayar da hankali a kai tun farkon shekarun 2000. Wani ɓangare na tsohuwar al'umma yanzu ya nutse a ƙarƙashin gadar Kowaliga da ke ratsa Tafkin Martin, <ref name="Morris-2022"/> wanda ya faru bayan kammala madatsar ruwan Martin Dam 1926. An yi amfani da sunan "Kowaliga" don bayyana wurare da yawa na zamani a yankin Tafkin Martin, musamman a cikin ko kusa da tsohon al'umma. == Kafin tarihi == [[Fayil:John_Jackson_Benson.png|alt=John Jackson Benson in 1911|left|thumb|John Jackson Benson a cikin 1911]] Sunan al'umma ya samo asali ne daga sunan 'yan asalin Amurka. Al'ummar suna da tushen da suka samo asali ne daga kabilar Muscogee.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> Akwai labari na gida game da wani mutum mai suna Kowaliga wanda ke zaune a bakin kogin Kowaliga, bayan wata mata ta ƙi shi saboda soyayya.<ref name="Nolen-1990" /> John Jackson Benson (Satumba 1850-Nuwamba 9, 1925), wanda ya kasance bawa, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance mai launin fata ne ya kafa al'ummar Afirka ta Kowaliga.<ref name="Morris-2022"/><ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> James Benson ne ya mallake shi, ɗan Virginia wanda ya mallaki Benson Plantation kusa da Kowaliga Creek a Alabama. <ref name="Morris-2022" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Benson |url=https://russelllandshistory.com/john-benson.html#:~:text=The%20rising%20waters%20of%20the,Academic%20Institute%20closed%20its%20doors. |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=Russell Lands History}}</ref> Wasu masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa mahaifiyar John Jackson Benson bawa ce kuma James Benson na iya kasancewa mahaifinsa na halal.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> Lokacin da bawansa James Benson ya mutu, kuma dukiyar Benson ta rabu tsakanin danginsa. An aika John Jackson Benson zuwa Talladega don ci gaba da aiki a matsayin bawa ga magaji.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> Yawancin gonakin Kudancin an kwace su a lokacin yakin bayan wucewar Dokar kwacewa ta 1861. <ref name="Morris-2022">{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Bilal G. |date=February 14, 2022 |title=The Black Town Under Lake Martin: A Father & Son's Dream Of Greatness |url=https://newsone.com/4289947/john-benson-black-town-under-lake-martin-alabama/ |access-date=March 4, 2023 |website=NewsOne |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarshen Yaƙin basasar Amurka a 1865, an saki John Jackson Benson, an ba shi jaki, kuma ya tafi Florida don neman 'yar'uwarsa kuma ya dawo da ita Alabama.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> Benson ya rabu da 'yar'uwarsa tun yana yaro kuma daga ƙarshe sun sake haɗuwa a Florida. Yana da burin sayen Benson Plantation amma yana buƙatar kuɗi, don haka John Jackson Benson ya koma Shelby County don yin aiki a cikin ma'adinan kwal, wanda zai iya zama hanya mai sauri don samun kuɗi a lokacin.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:William_"Will"_E._Benson_(1873–1915).png|alt=William E. Benson (1873–1915) in 1911|thumb|William E. Benson a cikin 1911]] Dalilin kafa al'umma shine ƙirƙirar wadatar tattalin arziki ga 'yan Afirka na gida, wanda ya kasance sananne musamman a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20. John Jackson Benson ya sami dala 100 daga aiki a cikin ma'adinan kwal kuma ya sayi wani ɓangare na ƙasar daga tsohuwar gonar, kuma ya yi aiki a wannan ƙasar. A shekara ta 1890, ya mallaki kadada 160 na ƙasa, kuma a shekara ta 1898 ya sami kadada 3,000 na ƙasa.<ref name="Morris-2022"/> A kan wannan ƙasar ya gina babban gidan gona, katako, gin na auduga, gristmill, da brickyard.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> Kimanin iyalai arba'in na Black da White sun zauna tare a ƙasar Benson.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> Sun shuka auduga, sukari, da nau'ikan itace daban-daban don katako (pine, oak, da hickory). <ref name="Morris-2022" /> John Jackson Benson ya yi amfani da dukiyarsa yana ba da rance ga baƙar fata da fari.<ref name="Morris-2022" /> === Makarantar Kowaliga === John Jackson Benson ya ba ɗansa William E. Benson (1873-1915) kadada 10 don gina makarantar masu zaman kansu ga al'ummar baƙar fata.<ref name="Morris-2022"/> Manufar a cikin kirkirar makarantar ita ce ɗaliban karkara su sami aikin masana'antu tare da sabbin abubuwan da suka samu, ko kuma su kirkiro tushen ilimi ga waɗannan ɗalibai don ci gaba da iliminsu a wasu cibiyoyin daga baya.<ref name="Owen-1921" /> An kafa Kwalejin Kowaliga da Cibiyar Masana'antu (ko Makarantar Masana'antar Kowaliga) a cikin kimanin shekara ta 1895, an kafa dutse na farko a watan Agustan shekara ta 1896, <ref name="Morris-2022" /> kuma an kafa shi a shekara ta 1899. <ref name="Owen-1921" /> [[Fayil:Kowaliga_Academic_and_Industrial_Institute,_from_between_c._1913_to_1916.png|thumb|Babban gini na farko na makarantar Kowaliga (hoton daga kafin 1909) ]] Ginin makarantar farko an kira shi Patron's Hall, kuma ma'aikatan gona na Black 70 ne suka ba da kuɗin. Kwamitin amintattu na farko na makarantar a lokacin da aka kafa shi ne John Jackson Benson, William E. Benson, Solomon Robinson, Jackson Robinson, Emily Howland, Mrs. J. L. Kaine, da Clinton J. Calloway . <ref name="Owen-1921" /> Oswald Garrison Villard da Booker T. Washington sun yi aiki daga baya a cikin kwamitin amintattu kuma sun shawarci Benson kan bunkasa al'umma.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a">{{Cite web |last=Hedreen |first=Siri |date=April 28, 2021 |title=Two amateur historians are putting the 'drowned town' of Benson back on the map |url=https://www.alexcityoutlook.com/news/two-amateur-historians-are-putting-the-drowned-town-of-benson-back-on-the-map/article_3afaeb42-a820-11eb-a63e-5b09d47736a2.html |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=[[Alexander City Outlook]] |publisher=Alex City Outlook |language=en}}</ref> William E. Benson ya halarci Jami'ar Howard, yana da alaƙa da sauran 'yan Afirka na tsakiya, kuma sau da yawa yakan ɗauki hotunan al'ummar Kowaliga kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa arewa tare da hotunansa don tara kuɗi don makarantar da tallafin karatu. <ref name="Owen-1921" /> <ref name="Sznajderman-2005" /><ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> William Gray Purcell, dalibi na gine-gine a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]], William E. Benson ne ya hayar da shi a kusa da 1899 don tsara zane-zanen gine-gine don Kowaliga, tare da burin fadada gidajensu da harabar su. Babu wani daga cikin kayayyakin Purcell na Kowaliga da aka gina, bayan an yi kisan gilla a ƙauyen. Cibiyar Kwalejin Kowaliga ta ƙunshi gine-ginen katako kuma ɗayan gine-ginin ya ƙone a cikin 1909, amma William E. Benson ya tara kuɗi kuma ya sake gina shi. <ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> Andrew Carnegie ya ba da gudummawar US $ 20,000 (kimanin rabin dala miliyan a 2021) don sake ginawa, wanda aka gudanar ta hanyar biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun ta Kamfanin Title Guarantee and Trust Company na Birnin New York. <ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> Emily Howland kuma ta goyi bayan sake ginawa kuma an sanya wa Howland Hall suna. Isabel Barrows ta rubuta game da ziyarar da ta kai makarantar don shimfiɗa dutsen kusurwa. Bayan 1909, Booker T. Washington ya sauka daga kwamitin amintattu na makarantar, <ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> a cikin abin da zai iya kasancewa da fada tare da Benson. Shugaban makarantar shine W. Rutherford Banks daga 1912 har zuwa 1915. A cikin 1912, Rev. J.A. Myers ya yi aiki a matsayin "shugaban" makarantar. Sauran gine-ginen makaranta a shekarar 1912 sun hada da ginin horar da masana'antu ga yara maza, ginin horarwar gida ga 'yan mata, da dakuna biyu (daya ga yara maza daya ga' yan mata). Bayan mutuwar William E. Benson a 1915, Cibiyar Ilimi da Masana'antu ta Kowaliga ta ci gaba da aiki na wasu shekaru 10.<ref name="Owen-1921" /> Makarantar ta yi aiki sama da shekaru 30 kuma ta ilimantar da daruruwan yara, amma daga ƙarshe ta rufe a kusa da 1925. Ginin makarantar daga baya ya zama shafin Otal Camp Dixie wanda ke aiki har zuwa shekarun 1950, amma ya kone a cikin wuta a cikin shekarun 1960.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> An kirkiro Makarantar Rosenwald don maye gurbin Cibiyar Ilimi da Masana'antu ta Kowaliga, an watsar da ginin amma har yanzu yana tsaye kuma yana gefen Russell Crossroads a Tallapoosa County.<ref name="Hedreen-2021b"/><gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="124" heights="124" caption="Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute, images from c. 1912 to 1913"> Fayil:General_View_of_Kowaliga_Academic_and_Industrial_Institute.png|View west of buildings at Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute Fayil:Kowaliga_Academic_and_Industrial_Institute_campus_view_east.png|View east of buildings at Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute Fayil:Partial_group_of_teachers_from_Kowaliga_Academic_and_Industrial_Institute.png|alt=Partial group of teachers from Kowaliga Academic and Industrial Institute|Partial group of teachers </gallery> === Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie === A shekarar 1900, William E. Benson wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban farko ya ƙara wa Kamfanin Dixie Industrial Company, wani kamfani da aka tsara don sanya tsoffin ɗalibansa aiki a yankin. Kamfanin ya fara da injin yin katako na zamani, babban injin sarrafa turpentine, da kuma injin yin auduga. Noman Kamfanin Dixie Industrial Company ya kai eka 10,000. Yawancin masu ba da gudummawa na arewa ga Cibiyar Ilimi da Masana'antu ta Kowaliga suma sun saka hannun jari wajen ba da tallafin Kamfanin Dixie Industrial Company, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama dole a fannin noma.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie ya kasance mai gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta farko da aka sani da Dixie Line (1914), <ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> kawai kilomita 16 kuma ya haɗa Kowaliga zuwa hanyar jirgin kasa na Alabama. Tashar jirgin kasa ta kasance a Alexander City . <ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> Bayan kirkirar layin dogo, kamfanin ya sami damar aika katako zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Atlantic da fitarwa zuwa Turai tare da mai da hankali kan Jamus. Koyaya saboda farawar Yaƙin Duniya na a cikin 1914, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Atlantic ta rufe. Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie ya rasa ikon kudi sakamakon rufe tashar jiragen ruwa saboda yaki. A watan Yunin 1915, William E. Benson ya sauka daga kamfanin bayan matsin lamba daga babban mai hannun jari Clarence H. Kelsey na Kamfanin Title Guarantee and Trust, Benson ya gaji lauyan New York City C. Amos Brooks. Benson ya yi alkawarin ɗaukar kamfanin a kotu kan batun wutar lantarki. <ref name="The New York Times-1915" /><ref name="Hedreen-2021b"/> A cikin 1916, watanni kawai bayan mutuwar William E. Benson a watan Oktoba 1915, Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie ya sayar da haƙƙin katako ga J. M. Steverson da Benjamin Russell na Kamfanin Pine Lumber.<ref name="Hedreen-2021b" /> A cikin 1920, Kotun Koli ta Alabama ta saurari shari'ar ''Dixie Industrial Co. vs. Benson'', a cikin karar da John Jackson Benson ke shigarwa a kan kamfanin layin dogo, a kan jingina a ƙasar. <ref name="Alabama Supreme Court-1920">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=December 25, 1920 |title=Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Alabama |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJcpAAAAYAAJ&dq=kowaliga&pg=PA151 |publisher=Alabama Supreme Court |via=Google Books}}</ref> A lokacin karar marigayi William E. Benson ya wakilci mahaifinsa.<ref name="Hedreen-2021b" /><ref name="Alabama Supreme Court-1920" /> == Rufewar al'umma == Al'umma ta rufe saboda dalilai da yawa, amma musamman tasirin da aka samu daga kirkirar Martin Dam wanda Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Alabama ya gina wanda ya mamaye garin Kowaliga (da Kowaliga Creek) don samar da Tafkin Martin a 1926. John Jackson Benson ya mutu 'yan watanni kafin a kammala madatsar ruwan. Sauran abubuwan da suka haifar da rufewar sun hada da ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na wanda ya shafi lafiyar kudi na Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie, da kuma raguwar farashin auduga wanda ya shafi al'ummar noma na masana'antu.<ref name="Walls-2021" /> A waɗannan kwanakin mutane da yawa sun ƙaura daga yankin Tafkin Martin, suna tsoron cututtuka kamar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]]. Ya zuwa 2021, ƙasar da ta taɓa kasancewa wani ɓangare na wannan al'umma mallakar Russell Lands ce, kamfanin ci gaban gidaje.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> Har yanzu babu abubuwa da yawa game da tsarin, kawai wasu dutsen quartz da tsohuwar tushe na kankare, wanda ke kusa da hasumiyar kararrawa da aka sake ginawa.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> == Kyauta == Makarantar Kowaliga ta ilimantar da daruruwan yara baƙi a cikin shekaru da yawa na ayyukanta. Kafa Kamfanin Masana'antu na Dixie a matsayin fadada makarantar ya tabbatar da rashin nasara ta hanyar kula da ayyukan kasa da shekaru 16 amma ya samar da "na farko" da yawa ga al'ummar baƙar fata, gami da sabon samfurin don aikin masana'antu da ilimi a yankunan karkara na kudu. Waƙar Hank Williams, "Kaw-Liga" (1953) game da wani mutum-mutumi na Indiya na katako wanda ya fada cikin soyayya, yana da sunan tsohon al'umma a Tafkin Martin.<ref name="al-2013">{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2013 |title=Kowaliga Restaurant, a Lake Martin landmark that dates back to the early 1950s, gets ready to reopen |url=https://www.al.com/entertainment/2013/04/kowaliga_restaurant_which_date.html |website=al |quote=Williams, an Alabama native who grew up in Georgiana and often vacationed in a cabin on Lake Martin, recorded the song in 1952}}</ref> A watan Agustan 1952, Williams ya yi hutu a Lake Martin yayin da ya rubuta waƙoƙi ciki har da "Kaw-Linga", wannan waƙar an rubuta shi da farko a matsayin "Kowaliga" amma Fred Rose ne ya canza shi don mayar da hankali kan labarin waƙar.<ref name="Schafer-2002" /><ref name="al-2013" /> A shekara ta 1953, magajin garin Alexander City Joe Robinson ya ayyana "Ranar Kowaliga", saboda nasarar waƙar.<ref name="Huntley-1953" /> Duk da yake akwai wallafe-wallafe na farko game da wannan wuri da hotuna, yawancin tarihin ya ɓace. Sabunta sha'awar bincike ya bunkasa tun daga shekarun 2000.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a"/> A shekara ta 2005, mujallar Alabama Heritage ta wallafa wani labari game da al'umma.<ref name="Hedreen-2021a" /> Masana tarihi Erica Buddington da Thomas C. Coley, Jr. sun mayar da hankali ga binciken su akan Kowaliga / Benson. == Dubi kuma == * Black Mecca, colloquialism don wurin da ke nuna babban ko yiwuwar wadatar tattalin arziki Black * Yakin Creek na 1813 zuwa 1814, an ce ya shafi yankin * Jerin shuke-shuke a Alabama * Jerin garuruwan da ambaliyar ruwa a Amurka == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9fx2lcadtgyayy9lra3ka3ds1596nsq 3 154305 966846 845536 2026-10-12T14:29:54Z Manchiu 28957 Manchiu moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Mizuchan0715]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Laviewcake]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mizuchan0715|Mizuchan0715]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Laviewcake|Laviewcake]]" 845536 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mizuchan0715! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mizuchan0715|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 2 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) hvqx7goyhn20umkqlo03q9d5j094toj 0 155319 966915 848672 2026-10-12T18:17:27Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kogin Opa''' wani muhimmin magudanar ruwa ne a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, wanda ya ratsa cikin birnin Ile-Ife da harabar jami'ar [[Obafemi Awolowo]]. Garin ruwa ne na kogin Shasha kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayin yanayin ruwa na yankin.<ref>Adedeji, Adebukola A; Adesakin, Taiwo A; Bolawa, Oluseun P (2020). "Assessment of the Ecological Status of OPA Reservoir, ILE IFE, Nigeria Based on a Comparative Study of its Planktonic Community and Water Quality Parameters". Open Academic Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 4: 1–14. doi:10.33094/5.2017.2020.41.1.14. S2CID 216119337.</ref> == Geography da geomorphology == Kogin Opa yana kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, yana bi ta birnin Ile-Ife da harabar jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo. Tsawonsa ya kai kusan kilomita 40 (mil 25), wanda ya samo asali daga tsaunin Ile-Ife.<ref>"River Opa"</ref> Matsayin kogin a cikin yankuna masu zafi yana rinjayar yanayin yanayin ruwa. A fannin ilmin ƙasa, wurin da aka kama kogin Opa yana ƙarƙashin duwatsun ƙasa na crystalline, wanda ya ƙunshi granite, gneiss, da schist.<ref>Ola, Anuoluwapo Victoria; Mr. Jimi Faseke (2016). The history of Ipetumodu from pre-colonial period to 2015. Ipetumodu History, Pre-colonial period, Social- Cultura Era (History and International Studies ed.). Humanities: History and International Studies.</ref> Wannan hadadden yanayin yanayin yanayin kogin yana siffata yanayin yanayin kogin. Kos ɗin kogin yana da alaƙa da haɗaɗɗun abubuwan NE-SW da NW-SE, yana nuna tasirin lithologies daban-daban da ayyukan tectonic. Siffofin geomorphic na Kogin Opa sun haɗa da tashoshi na 4th, tare da tsayin rafi da yawa. Matsakaicin adadin rafi ya tashi daga 0.08 km zuwa 4.33 km, yana nuna ƙara ƙarfin sarrafa rafi daga ƙasa zuwa mafi girma tsari. Yawan magudanar ruwa yana da girma, tare da gangara mai canzawa. Tsarin magudanar ruwa na kogin dendritic ne, tare da rafukan da ke kwarara daga tsaunukan da ke kewaye zuwa babban hanyar kogin. Matsakaicin haɗakarwa yana da matsakaici zuwa babba, yayin da nau'in yana da tsayin tsayin daka mai tsayi, kuma ma’auni na elongation yana da matsakaici zuwa babba. Waɗannan halayen suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar yanayin kogin. Yankin ruwan kogin Opa ya kai kusan kilomita 110, wanda ya kunshi wuraren zama, gonakin bincike, da al'ummomin karkara. Yanayin wuraren da aka kama, amfani da ƙasa, da ilimin ƙasa suna hulɗa don yin tasiri ga ingancin ruwan kogin, rayuwar ruwa, da yanayin muhallin kogin.<ref>Konwea, C. I.; Ajayi, O. (13 October 2022). "Assessment of geomorphic and morphometry characteristics of parts of Shasha and Opa river basins in Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Southwestern Nigeria". Ife International Journal of Science. 24 (2): 173–188.</ref> == Ilimin kimiyyar ruwa == Ruwan ruwan kogin Opa yana da bambance-bambancen yanayi, tare da yawan kwararar ruwa a lokacin damina (Afrilu-Oktoba) da ƙarancin kwarara a lokacin rani (Nuwamba – Maris). Kololuwar kwarara yawanci tana faruwa a cikin Yuli-Agusta, yayin da ake kiyaye kwararar tushe ta hanyar cajin ruwan karkashin kasa.<ref>"Abridged Report: State of Osun Structure Plans Project" (PDF). UN-Habitat. September 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2025.</ref> Wannan sauye-sauyen kwararar ruwa yana da matukar tasiri ga sarrafa albarkatun ruwa da kuma yanayin halittun ruwa.<ref>Eludoyin, Adebayo Oluwole; Adewole, Adedayo Oreoluwa (2 July 2020). "A remote sensing-based evaluation of an ungauged drainage basin in Southwestern Nigeria". International Journal of River Basin Management. 18 (3): 307–319. Bibcode:2020IJRBM..18..307E. doi:10.1080/15715124.2019.1640226. ISSN 1571-5124.</ref> Ingancin ruwan kogin Opa yana da tasiri da abubuwa da yawa, gami da kwararar ruwa daga gonakin bincike da ke kewaye da al'ummomin karkara, tasirin birane daga harabar garin Ile-Ife da harabar jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, da ilimin kasa, tare da duwatsun da ke karkashin kasa na crystalline suna taimakawa wajen taurin ruwa. Wadannan abubuwa suna taimakawa wajen sauye-sauyen ingancin ruwa, suna shafar rayuwar ruwa da amfani da dan Adam.<ref>"Projects – Ecological Project Office". Retrieved 13 October 2024</ref> Kogin Opa na fuskantar kalubalen ruwa, ciki har da ambaliya a lokacin damina mai yawan gaske, da silsilar da ake samu saboda yawan ruwan laka, da gurbatar ruwa daga kwararar noma da na birane.<ref>Aliu, Olanrewaju O.; Akindele, Emmanuel O.; Adeniyi, Israel F. (6 April 2020). "Biological assessment of the headwater rivers of Opa Reservoir, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, using ecological methods". The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology. 81 (1): 11. Bibcode:2020JBAZ...81...11A. doi:10.1186/s41936-020-00151-5. ISSN 2090-990X.</ref> == Opa Tafkin Ruwa == Tafkin Opa wani ruwa ne da mutum ya yi a cikin harabar jami’ar Obafemi Awolowo da ke Ile-Ife a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1978, tafki yana aiki azaman tsarin samar da ruwa na farko ga al'ummar jami'a. Siffofin yanayin tafki sun haɗa da tsawon kilomita 2.5, faɗin kilomita 0.8, da yanki mai nisa kusan kilomita 110.<ref>Adesakin, Ta; Adedeji, Aa; Taiwo, Yf (15 December 2016). "Temporal and spatial fluctuations of heavy metals in Opa Reservoir, Ile-Ife, Nigeria". African Journal of Aquatic Science. 41 (4): 435–443. Bibcode:2016AfJAS..41..435A. doi:10.2989/16085914.2016.1246355. ISSN 1608-5914.</ref> Wannan yanki mai fa'ida ya ƙunshi Farmakin Bincike na Jami'a, Gidajen zama, Central Campus, Ile-Ife, da yankunan karkara.<ref>Adedeji, Adebukola Adenike; Bolawa, Oluseun P.; Taiwo, Yetunde F. (29 June 2018). "Ecological Status of Opa Reservoir, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, based on the Abundance and Diversity of its Planktonic Flora". Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 10 (2): 287–296. doi:10.15835/nsb10210248. ISSN 2067-3264.</ref> Da farko an tsara shi don samar da ingantaccen ruwa ga jami'a, tafki ya sami sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin shekaru.<ref>Adedeji, Adebukola A.; Adesakin, Taiwo A.; Bolawa, Oluseun P. (2020). "Assessment of the Ecological Status of OPA Reservoir, ILE IFE, Nigeria Based on a Comparative Study of its Planktonic Community and Water Quality Parameters". Open Academic Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 4 (1): 1–14. doi:10.33094/5.2017.2020.41.1.14. ISSN 2577-7807.</ref> Haɗin kai kai tsaye na magudanar ruwa da magudanan ruwa zuwa magudanar ruwa ya haifar da zubar da ruwa da yawa, yana lalata ƙarfin ajiyar ruwa. Wannan ya haifar da abubuwa daban-daban na muhalli, ciki har da canza yanayin yanayin ruwa, raguwar ingancin ruwa, da shafar rayuwar ruwa.<ref>Eludoyin, Adebayo Oluwole; Adewole, Adedayo Oreoluwa (2 July 2020). "A remote sensing-based evaluation of an ungauged drainage basin in Southwestern Nigeria". International Journal of River Basin Management. 18 (3): 307–319. Bibcode:2020IJRBM..18..307E. doi:10.1080/15715124.2019.1640226. ISSN 1571-5124.</ref><ref>"Download of AUJET Article". Adeleke University Journal of Education and Technology (AUJET). Retrieved 4 September 2025</ref> Dangane da bala'in ambaliyar ruwa da aka yi a watan Yulin 2011, gwamnatin jihar Osun ta gudanar da wani gagarumin aikin gyare-gyare. An share tasoshin kogin Ogbe Esimirin, wanda shi ne na farko na kogin Opa, an share shi, an fadada shi, kuma ya yi nisa har zuwa iyakar jami'a. Ko da yake an yi niyya ne don rage ambaliya, amma wannan aikin ba da gangan ba ya sauƙaƙa daskarewa kuma ya hana kwararar kogin Opa a mashiginsa.<ref>Adedeji, Adebukola A.; Adesakin, Taiwo A.; Bolawa, Oluseun P. (2020). "Assessment of the Ecological Status of OPA Reservoir, ILE IFE, Nigeria Based on a Comparative Study of its Planktonic Community and Water Quality Parameters". Open Academic Journal of Advanced Science and Technology. 4 (1): 1–14. doi:10.33094/5.2017.2020.41.1.14. ISSN 2577-7807.</ref> == Muhimmanci da kiyayewa == Kogin Opa da Dam suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara yanayin yanayin ruwa na harabar jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo. Kogin Opa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin muhalli, zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki na al'ummomin da ke kewaye. Muhimmancinsa ya kai ga samar da ruwan sha don wuraren zama, noma, da masana'antu, tallafawa ban ruwa don amfanin gona da dabbobi, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga wadatar abinci.<ref>"Securing a Sustainable Future: Protecting Opa Dam, the Lifeline of Obafemi Awolowo University and Beyond". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. July 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2025.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, kogin yana kula da bambancin halittu, yana daidaita hawan ruwa, da kuma rage [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]], yana ba da damammaki don kamun kifi da yawon buɗe ido. Hakanan yana ɗaukar darajar ruhaniya da al'adu ga al'ummomin gida. Ayyukan yanayin kogin suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton yanayin muhalli. Sai dai kuma, kogin Opa na fuskantar barazana da dama, da suka hada da [[Gandun daji|sare itatuwa]] da zaftarewar kasa, da gurbacewar iska daga magudanar ruwa da sharar masana'antu, sauyin yanayi da sauye-sauyen yanayi, da fitar da albarkatun ruwa fiye da kima, da rashin isassun sarrafa shara. Wadannan barazanar sun bukaci kokarin kiyayewa cikin gaggawa don tabbatar da dorewar kogin.<ref>Oginni, F.; Ojoawo, S. O. (2014). "Assessment of sanitation levels of sources of water in Osun State Capital, Nigeria". International Journal of Water and Sanitation. XX (YY): ZZ–ZZ. S2CID 131587528.</ref> == Manazarta == bu6ev3xz19obqwee879bwxqeyo5b79n 0 155616 967051 861133 2026-10-13T04:58:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dangane da Kundin [[Albania]]" id="mwCA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Constitution of Albania">Tsarin Mulki na Albania, 'yan ƙasa suna da' yancin [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]]. Tsarin kiwon lafiya a Albania da farko na [[Kula da lafiyar jama'a|jama'a]] ne. Tsarin jama'a ya kunshi matakai uku: kulawa ta farko, kulawa ta biyu, da kulawa ta uku. Kula da kiwon lafiya na farko yana rufe bukatun kiwon lafiya. Ana buƙatar kiwon lafiya na sakandare lokacin da aka ga ƙwararre bayan likitan gaba ɗaya ya kira shi. An sadaukar da kudaden kiwon lafiya na uku don kulawa ta musamman da ake buƙata na dogon lokaci. Akwai asibitoci sama da 400 na jama'a waɗanda ke ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na farko da na biyu, tare da asibitocin jama'a sama da 40 waɗanda ke ba le sabis na kiwo na uku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Healthcare Resource Guide: Albania |url=https://2016.export.gov/industry/health/healthcareresourceguide/eg_main_116142.asp |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=2016.export.gov |archive-date=2022-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203083727/https://2016.export.gov/industry/health/healthcareresourceguide/eg_main_116142.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, kuɗin kiwon lafiya na kowane mutum a Albania ya kai US $ 275, kusan karuwar kashi 20% daga 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Albania Healthcare Spending 2000-2022 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ALB/albania/healthcare-spending |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517093402/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/ALB/albania/healthcare-spending |archive-date=2022-05-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kula da lafiyar jama'a ana tallafawa ne daga ma'aikata da ma'aikata waɗanda ke cika asusun gwamnati da kuɗi. Cibiyar Inshorar Lafiya ta Albania, wacce aka kafa a 1994, a halin yanzu tana rufe farashin kiwon lafiya. Da farko ana tallafawa ta hanyar cajin 3.4% akan babban albashi. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, bangaren kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu sun karu sosai tare da asibitoci masu zaman kansu sama da 10 da asibirai masu zaman kansu da yawa.<ref name=":0"/> Gabaɗaya, sabis na hakora da na magani masu zaman kansu ne. Albania tana da kantin magani sama da 1,000, tare da kusan dukkanin [[Magani|magunguna]] da aka sayar a cikinsu shigo da su ne daga wasu ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Healthcare in Albania |url=https://www.expatfinder.com/albania/expat-guides/article/healthcare-in-albania/1827 |website=Expatfinder.com |access-date=2026-06-07 |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413101238/https://www.expatfinder.com/albania/expat-guides/article/healthcare-in-albania/1827 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == == Manazarta == ftwgl2cy10h5i3y0qg353clyg2k53lc 0 158100 967114 952330 2026-10-13T11:50:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ana buƙatar la'akari na musamman don samar da ingantaccen magani ga 'yan gudun hijirar da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, waɗanda galibi ke fuskantar mawuyacin hali, abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali da/ko na rauni, da kuma tafiya ta cikin yankuna masu haɗari. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=A |first=Bigot |last2=L |first2=Blok |last3=M |first3=Boelaert |last4=Y |first4=Chartier |last5=P |first5=Corijn |last6=A |first6=Davis |last7=M |first7=Deguerry |last8=T |first8=Dusauchoit |last9=F |first9=Fermon |date=January 1986 |title=Refugee health: an approach to emergency situations. |url=https://www.popline.org/node/272816 |journal=Voprosy Virusologii |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=262–274}}</ref> Irin waɗannan la'akari sun haɗa da tantance cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa, allurar rigakafi, [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|matsalar damuwa bayan rauni]], da [[Bincike daban-daban na baƙin ciki|baƙin ciki]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Porter |first=Matt |last2=Haslam |first2=Nick |date=2001-10-01 |title=Forced displacement in Yugoslavia: A meta-analysis of psychological consequences and their moderators |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-traumatic-stress_2001-10_14_4/page/817 |journal=Journal of Traumatic Stress |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=817–834 |doi=10.1023/A:1013054524810 |issn=1573-6598 |pmid=11776427 |s2cid=41804120}}</ref> [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] tana da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri na tantance lafiya ga 'yan gudun hijira da baƙi da ke shigowa ƙasar. Dokar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Tarayya ta 1980 ta ba Hukumar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amurka damar sauƙaƙe gwajin lafiya ga duk baƙi da 'yan gudun hijira kafin su bar ƙasarsu ta asali. Ofishin Kula da 'Yan Gudun Hijira (ORR) ne ke kula da wannan aikin tantancewa, wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka (HHS) ke kula da shi kuma ke ba da kuɗaɗen sa. A ƙasashen da suka fito da kuma bayan sun isa Amurka, 'yan gudun hijira kan fuskanci cikas wajen samun kulawar lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} Overcoming migrants' barriers to health |url=https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/8/08-020808/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204114233/http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/8/08-020808/en/ |archive-date=February 4, 2015 |access-date=2017-03-24 |website=www.who.int}}</ref> A ƙasashen da suka fito, rashin ingantattun kayayyakin kiwon lafiya da ƙarancin albarkatun kiwon lafiya na iya hana su samun kulawar da ake buƙata kafin su tafi. Sau da yawa, rashin isasshen kiwon lafiya yana haifar da ƙaruwar yiwuwar kamuwa da manyan cututtuka idan aka kwatanta da sauran baƙi. <ref name="coo">{{Cite journal |last=Kotovicz |first=Fabiana |last2=Getzin |first2=Anne |last3=Vo |first3=Thy |date=2018 |title=Challenges of Refugee Health Care: Perspectives of Medical Interpreters, Case Managers, and Pharmacists |url=https://digitalrepository.aurorahealthcare.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1577&context=jpcrr |journal=Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=28–35 |doi=10.17294/2330-0698.1577 |pmc=6664339 |pmid=31413994}}</ref> Da isowar Amurka, shingayen kiwon lafiya, gami da shingayen fahimta, tsari, da na kuɗi na iya iyakance samun kulawar da ta dace, dacewa, da kuma ta al'ada. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris |first=Meghan D. |last2=Popper |first2=Steve T. |last3=Rodwell |first3=Timothy C. |last4=Brodine |first4=Stephanie K. |last5=Brouwer |first5=Kimberly C. |date=2017-04-08 |title=Healthcare Barriers of Refugees Post-resettlement |journal=Journal of Community Health |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=529–538 |doi=10.1007/s10900-009-9175-3 |issn=0094-5145 |pmc=2778771 |pmid=19705264}}</ref> An ba da shawarar shirye-shirye kamar ayyukan fassarar bidiyo, kulawar rigakafi, da azuzuwan harshen Ingilishi don yaƙar waɗannan shingayen. <ref name="eoo">{{Cite journal |last=Morris |first=Meghan D. |last2=Popper |first2=Steve T. |last3=Rodwell |first3=Timothy C. |last4=Brodine |first4=Stephanie K. |last5=Brouwer |first5=Kimberly C. |date=December 2009 |title=Healthcare Barriers of Refugees Post-resettlement |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-community-health_2009-12_34_6/page/529 |journal=Journal of Community Health |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=529–538 |doi=10.1007/s10900-009-9175-3 |issn=0094-5145 |pmc=2778771 |pmid=19705264}}</ref> <ref name="moo">{{Cite journal |last=Ineza |first=Darlene |last2=Fairfield |first2=Kathleen |title=Barriers to Healthcare Access for New Mainers |url=https://community.bowdoin.edu/news/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Major-Barriers-to-Healthcare-Access-for-New-Mainers-2-1.pdf |pages=1–35}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka shafi lafiya na musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira == Saboda yanayi na gaggawa na tafiyarsu daga ƙasashen da suka fito, 'yan gudun hijira galibi suna rasa damar samun bayanan lafiyarsu, kuma ci gaba da kulawa yana da wuya a tabbatar da ci gaba da kulawa da zarar sun shiga Amurka. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Feldman |first=R. |date=September 2006 |title=Primary health care for refugees and asylum seekers: A review of the literature and a framework for services |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_public-health_2006-09_120_9/page/809 |journal=Public Health |volume=120 |issue=9 |pages=809–816 |doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2006.05.014 |pmid=16876836}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yanayin rayuwa na sake tsugunar da 'yan gudun hijira ko rashin tsaro a gidaje lokacin da suka zo Amurka yana ƙara shafar lafiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta hanyar saka su cikin al'ummomi ko yanayi inda samun damar kulawa ke da iyaka. <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Gilhooly |first=Daniel |last2=Lee |first2=Eunbae |date=2017-05-12 |title=Rethinking Urban Refugee Resettlement: A Case Study of One Karen Community in Rural Georgia, USA. |journal=International Migration |volume=55 |issue=6 |pages=37–55 |doi=10.1111/imig.12341 |issn=0020-7985}}</ref> Wannan babbar matsala ce, musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira masu fama da matsalolin lafiya na yau da kullun da na kwakwalwa. <ref name=":1" /> Ba kamar yawancin 'yan gudun hijira ba, lafiyar 'yan gudun hijira tana da matukar damuwa saboda yanayin shige da ficensu ya haɗa da abubuwan da ka iya yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyarsu ta jiki ko ta kwakwalwa. <ref name=":45">{{Cite journal |last=Mirza |first=Mansha |last2=Luna |first2=Rene |last3=Mathews |first3=Bhuttu |last4=Hasnain |first4=Rooshey |last5=Hebert |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Niebauer |first6=Allison |last7=Mishra |first7=Uma Devi |date=August 2014 |title=Barriers to Healthcare Access Among Refugees with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions Resettled in the US Midwest |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=733–742 |doi=10.1007/s10903-013-9906-5 |issn=1557-1912 |pmid=24052476 |s2cid=5642334}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, bayan isowa Amurka, 'yan gudun hijira na iya fuskantar cikas ga samun kulawa saboda ƙarancin ƙwarewar Turanci da rashin tabbas game da yadda za su bi tsarin kiwon lafiyar Amurka. Da zarar sun sami kulawa, tabbatar da cewa maganin da 'yan gudun hijira ke samu ya dace da al'ada na iya zama wani cikas ga kiyaye rayuwa mai kyau bayan sake tsugunar da su. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Philbrick |first=Ann M. |last2=Wicks |first2=Cherilyn M. |last3=Harris |first3=Ila M. |last4=Shaft |first4=Grant M. |last5=Van Vooren |first5=James S. |date=May 2017 |title=Make Refugee Health Care Great [Again] |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=107 |issue=5 |pages=656–658 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=5388985 |pmid=28398805}}</ref> Akwai matsaloli daban-daban da ke hana samun kulawar lafiya da kuma cimma magani ko ayyukan da 'yan gudun hijira da yawa ke fuskanta lokacin shiga ƙasar. A ƙoƙarin samun kulawa, samun takaddun da suka dace na iya sa ya yi wuya a cancanci samun kulawa tun farko. <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Tiffany D. |date=2017-10-01 |title=Falling through the Coverage Cracks: How Documentation Status Minimizes Immigrants' Access to Health Care |journal=Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=961–984 |doi=10.1215/03616878-3940495 |issn=0361-6878 |pmid=28663178 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tare da takardu, bincika tsarin kiwon lafiya da manufofin inshorar lafiyarsu na iya sa samun magani ya zama mai rikitarwa da wahala. Tsarin inshorar lafiya na Amurka yana da rikitarwa - musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira - domin suna samun kulawa ta gabaɗaya na watanni 8 kawai bayan sake tsugunar da su kuma akwai ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na tarayya, masu zaman kansu, da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke da hannu a cikin wannan tsari. <ref name=":45"/> Idan mutane suna buƙatar kowane nau'i na kulawa ta musamman, yana da wuya a samu. <ref name=":45" /> Da zarar an sami inshora, amfani da kulawar da ake da ita yana haifar da wasu cikas. Harshe na iya zama wani ƙalubale, domin idan mutum bai iya yin magana da mai ba shi magani ba, samun magani mai dacewa yana da wahala. Samun damar yin magana da mai fassara da wanda ke jin yaren da ya dace gabaɗaya abu ne da ba a saba gani ba. <ref name=":45"/> Mutane da yawa suna ganin yana da wahala su sami kuɗi da hanyoyin sufuri don samun inshora da magani. <ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Navuluri |first=Neelima |date=Summer 2014 |title=Assessing Barriers to Healthcare Access Among Refugees Living in San Antonio, Texas. |url=http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=2&sid=36f7c528-5371-45c9-ae3a-98d310550128%40sessionmgr4009 |journal=Texas Public Health Journal |volume=66 |pages=5–9}}</ref> A yanayin magani, musamman tsakanin mutanen da ke da cututtukan lafiya na yau da kullun ko na kwakwalwa, samun kulawa da ta dace da al'ada na iya shafar ƙwarewar 'yan gudun hijira tare da kiwon lafiya. Bambanci a cikin asalin al'adu da gogewa na iya nufin cewa 'yan gudun hijira na iya samun ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da lokacin da za su nemi kulawa, tantance damuwar lafiya da magani da ke da alaƙa. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Worabo |first=Heidi |date=July–August 2016 |title=Understanding Refugees' Perceptions of Health Care in the United States |journal=The Journal for Nurse Practitioners |volume=12 |issue=7 |pages=487–494 |doi=10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.04.014}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, 'yan gudun hijira da yawa ba su da sha'awar samun kulawa saboda tsarin kiwon lafiyar Amurka ba zai iya daidaitawa da imaninsu ko dabi'u na al'ada ba. <ref name=":45" /> A cikin wani bincike na 2017, gwagwarmayar wata mace 'yar Somaliya don samun magungunan da suka dace da al'ada don girmama imaninta na addini misali ne na yadda kulawa da magani da suka dace da al'ada ke hana 'yan gudun hijira samun kulawar da ta dace ta hanyar tsarin kiwon lafiya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Phillbrick |first=Anne |date=May 2017 |title=Make Refugee Health Care Great [Again] |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=107 |issue=5 |pages=656–658 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2017.303740 |pmc=5388985 |pmid=28398805}}</ref> Da yake ana tunin waɗannan shingayen, akwai matakai da ake ɗauka don inganta tsarin neman kulawa da kuma haɓaka kyakkyawar ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya. Misali, akwai mutane waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin "dillalan al'adu" don taimaka wa 'yan gudun hijira su sami damar yin ayyukan likita, nemo shagunan magani, koyo game da magungunansu, da kuma tsara lokacin da za a bi su. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=McNeely |first=Clea A. |last2=Morland |first2=Lyn |date=2017-04-09 |title=The Health of the Newest Americans: How US Public Health Systems Can Support Syrian Refugees |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=13–15 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2015.302975 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=4695930 |pmid=26696285}}</ref> Samar da sadarwa tsakanin masu tsara manufofi, masu samar da kulawar lafiya ga 'yan gudun hijira, da kuma 'yan gudun hijira na iya ba da damar inganta sakamakon manufofin lafiyar 'yan gudun hijira. <ref name=":3" /> Haka kuma, tabbatar da cewa 'yan gudun hijira sun sami ci gaba da cikakken kimanta lafiyarsu ta hankali da ta jiki, kayan haɓaka lafiya a cikin harshensu, da kuma samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan ƙwararru (musamman a lokutan azabtarwa ko tashin hankali) na iya inganta matsayin lafiya tsakanin 'yan gudun hijira. <ref name=":1"/> Babban abin da 'yan gudun hijira ke samu a fannin kiwon lafiya shine inshorar jama'a maimakon na sirri, kuma yawancin wannan kiwon lafiya yana samuwa nan da nan bayan isowa da sake tsugunar da su, amma yana da wahala a samu daga baya. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Yun |first=Katherine |last2=Fuentes-Afflick |first2=Elena |author-link2=Elena Fuentes-Afflick |last3=Desai |first3=Mayur M. |date=2012-04-22 |title=Prevalence of Chronic Disease and Insurance Coverage among Refugees in the United States |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=933–940 |doi=10.1007/s10903-012-9618-2 |issn=1557-1912 |pmid=22527741 |s2cid=12628549}}</ref> === Lafiyar kwakwalwa === Tun daga shekarar 1997, ana buƙatar jihohi su samar da cikakken gwajin lafiya ga duk sabbin 'yan gudun hijira da suka shigo Amurka, wanda ya haɗa da kimantawar kwakwalwa, da kuma gwajin jiki. Wannan hanyar ta haifar da adadi mai yawa na tura marasa lafiya da magunguna, wanda ke nuna buƙatar ƙarin tallafin tunani ga sabbin 'yan gudun hijira. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Savin |first=Daniel |last2=Seymour |first2=Deborah J. |last3=Littleford |first3=Linh Nguyen |last4=Bettridge |first4=Juli |last5=Giese |first5=Alexis |year=2005 |title=Findings from Mental Health Screening of Newly Arrived Refugees in Colorado |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_public-health-reports_may-june-2005_120_3/page/224 |journal=Public Health Reports |volume=120 |issue=3 |pages=224–229 |doi=10.1177/003335490512000303 |jstor=20056782 |pmc=1497730 |pmid=16134561}}</ref> Yanayin kwakwalwa da aka fi ganowa a cikin 'yan gudun hijira shine [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD)]], wanda yawanci sakamakon tashin hankali ne. Masana sun gano cewa maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ta hanyar amfani da magungunan hana ɗaukar serotonin, da kuma maganin fahimta, magunguna ne masu tasiri yayin sake tsugunar da jama'a. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai rashin kulawar tabin hankali da ta dace da al'ada wanda ke hana isasshen magani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=Kristina M. |last2=Gardiner |first2=Lorin D. |last3=Assefi |first3=Nassim |year=2004 |title=Healthcare challenges from the developing world: Post-immigration refugee medicine |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=328 |issue=7455 |pages=1548–1552 |doi=10.1136/bmj.328.7455.1548 |jstor=41708113 |pmc=437153 |pmid=15217874}}</ref> Lafiyar kwakwalwar 'yan gudun hijira ta kasance matsala tun bayan sake tsugunar da su a Amurka. '''Abokan ciniki da aka sake tsugunar da su galibi suna fuskantar damuwa waɗanda aka raba su zuwa manyan rukuni biyu a cikin 'yan gudun hijira: masu damuwa kafin ƙaura da masu damuwa bayan ƙaura. Masu damuwa kafin ƙaura galibi suna da abubuwan da za su iya haifar da rauni a ƙasar da mutum ya fito, galibi sun haɗa da dalilai masu ƙarfi na neman mafaka. A gefe guda kuma, masu damuwa bayan ƙaura sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa da damuwa a cikin ƙasar da suka fito.''' 'Yan gudun hijira galibi suna fuskantar ƙarin rauni na hankali bayan ƙaura saboda ƙiyayya daga 'yan asalin ƙasar, ko ma hukumomi a cibiyoyin tsare mutane da tashoshin shiga, wanda ke ƙara ta'azzara ta hanyar dogon lokacin jira don yanke shawara kan neman mafaka. Wannan tsari gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar daga watanni 18 zuwa sama da shekaru biyu. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Karmi |first=Ghada |year=1992 |title=Refugee Health: Requires a Comprehensive Strategy |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=305 |issue=6847 |pages=205–206 |doi=10.1136/bmj.305.6847.205 |jstor=29716400 |pmc=1882660 |pmid=1392817}}</ref> A cikin wani bincike da aka yi kan 'yan gudun hijirar Cambodia (ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka), an gano cewa, duk da wucewar sama da shekaru ashirin tun ƙarshen yakin basasar Cambodia da sake tsugunar da 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka, membobin ƙungiyar suna ci gaba da samun yawan cututtukan tabin hankali da ke da alaƙa da rauni. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=Grant N. |date=2005-08-03 |title=Mental Health of Cambodian Refugees 2 Decades After Resettlement in the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2005-08-03_294_5/page/n66 |journal=JAMA |volume=294 |issue=5 |pages=571–9 |doi=10.1001/jama.294.5.571 |issn=0098-7484 |pmid=16077051 |doi-access=}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Cambodia, yawan masu fama da cutar PTSD da kuma babban baƙin ciki yana da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar tsufa, rashin iya magana da Turanci, rashin aikin yi, yin ritaya ko nakasa, da kuma rayuwa cikin talauci. <ref name=":2" /> Masu bincike sun gano wasu abubuwa da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin 'yan gudun hijira, ciki har da shingayen harshe, rabuwar iyali, ƙiyayya, ware kai, da rauni kafin ƙaura. Duk da haka, likitoci kaɗan ne a Amurka ke da kayan aiki don magance waɗannan batutuwa, don haka, an yi kira ga dabarun kula da lafiya na musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira wanda ke tabbatar da daidaiton damar yin ayyuka ga 'yan gudun hijira, da kuma horo na duniya ga likitoci don magance yanayi da yanayi na musamman ga 'yan gudun hijira. <ref name=":4" /> Shingaye da dama suna hana ka'idojin lafiyar kwakwalwa ta Yamma da rarrabuwa yadda ya kamata su kimantawa da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira. Misali, baƙin ciki da rashin kwanciyar hankali galibi ana kiransu da baƙin ciki a cikin lafiyar kwakwalwa ta Yamma. Bugu da ƙari, samun damar samun albarkatun lafiyar kwakwalwa sau da yawa yana iyakance lokaci ga sabbin 'yan gudun hijira, wanda ke haifar da wani ƙalubale ga ƙwararrun lafiya da ke ƙoƙarin bayar da kulawa mai inganci da ta dace da al'ada, wanda ke la'akari da tarihi da bambancin al'adu na 'yan gudun hijira. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Kate E. |last2=Davidson |first2=Graham R. |last3=Schweitzer |first3=Robert D. |year=2010 |title=Review of refugee mental health interventions following resettlement: Best practices and recommendations |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=576–585 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01062.x |pmc=3727171 |pmid=20950298}}</ref> '''Hanyoyin magance takamaiman buƙatun lafiyar kwakwalwa tsakanin 'yan gudun hijirar da aka sake tsugunar da su sun mayar da hankali kan tsare-tsare masu ba da shawara kan raunin da ya faru tare da jigogi masu mahimmanci a cikin "ba da damar aminci, aminci, zaɓi, ƙarfafawa, da haɗin gwiwa." Duk da cewa da gangan tsarin cikakke ne, an yi suka kan kulawar da ta ba da shawara kan raunin da ya faru saboda ƙuntatawa na neoliberal wanda galibi yana rage ƙwarewar 'yan gudun hijira zuwa buƙatun likita na mutum ɗaya.''' <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Ross |first=Nancy |date=January 9, 2023 |title=Beyond medicalized approaches to violence and trauma: Empowering social work practice |journal=Journal of Social Work |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=567–585 |doi=10.1177/14680173221144557 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Wannan ya fi yawa dangane da matsalolin bayan ƙaura, inda yawancin masu mayar da hankali kan raunin da ya faru sun mayar da hankali kan fallasa yaƙi kan lafiyar kwakwalwa.''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Byron |first=Yulisha |date=2022 |title=Profiles of post-migration stressors and mental health in refugees: A latent class analysis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178122001081 |journal=Psychiatry Research |volume=311 |doi=10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114494 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> '''Masana sun kuma haɗa alaƙa tsakanin masu damuwa bayan ƙaura ko "masu damuwa na yau da kullun" da ƙalubalen lafiyar kwakwalwa da suka ƙara ta'azzara tsakanin 'yan gudun hijira. Waɗannan sukar sun haifar da haɓaka haɗa hanyoyin "masu ba da shawara kan tashin hankali da tashin hankali" ga ayyukan lafiyar kwakwalwa na 'yan gudun hijira waɗanda ke da nufin amincewa da tushen masu damuwa kan tunani a cikin rashin daidaito na tsari, al'adu, da tsarin. Wannan ya haɗa da amincewa da gogewar wariyar launin fata, mulkin mallaka, da sauran rashin adalci na tsarin.''' <ref name=":8" /> A cewar wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2013, mata 'yan Latino (Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, ko wasu) sun fuskanci matsaloli sosai sakamakon matakan da aka dauka kafin su yi hijira (ƙaura da kuma ƙaura ba tare da shiri ba) wanda ya haifar da ƙarin matsalolin tunani, amma ba mazan Latino ba. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa maza da mata sun fi samun rahoton rashin lafiyar jiki ko ta jiki idan suka yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Torres |first=Jacqueline M. |last2=Wallace |first2=Steven P. |year=2013 |title=Migration Circumstances, Psychological Distress, and Self-Rated Physical Health for Latino Immigrants in the United States |journal=American Journal of Public Health |volume=103 |issue=9 |pages=1619–1627 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2012.301195 |pmc=3966681 |pmid=23865667}}</ref> === Lafiyar hakori === Rashin lafiyar baki shine matsalar da ta fi shafar lafiyar yara 'yan gudun hijira kuma ita ce matsalar lafiya ta biyu da ta fi kamari a tsakanin manya 'yan gudun hijira. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cote |first=S. |last2=Geltman |first2=P. |last3=Nunn |first3=M. |last4=Lituri |first4=K. |last5=Henshaw |first5=M. |last6=Garcia |first6=R.I. |date=2004 |title=Dental caries of refugee children compared with US children |journal=Pediatrics |volume=114 |issue=6 |pages=733–740 |doi=10.1542/peds.2004-0496 |pmid=15574605 |doi-access=}}</ref> Rashin lafiyar baki yana da mummunan tasiri ga ingancin rayuwa kuma yana iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka na yau da kullun ta hanyar hanyoyin da ke haifar da haɗari <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Linden |first=Gerard J. |last2=Lyons |first2=Amy |last3=Scannapieco |first3=Frank A. |date=April 2013 |title=Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence |journal=Journal of Clinical Periodontology |volume=40 |pages=S8–S19 |doi=10.1111/jcpe.12064 |issn=0303-6979 |pmid=23627336 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Rushewar hakori|Ciwon hakori]], ko lalacewar hakora yana sanya yaran 'yan gudun hijira cikin haɗarin fuskantar ciwon baki, rashin cin abinci mai kyau, ƙaruwar nauyi a hankali, matsalolin magana, da wahalhalun koyo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marinho |first=Valeria CC |last2=Chong |first2=Lee Yee |last3=Worthington |first3=Helen V |last4=Walsh |first4=Tanya |date=2016-07-29 |title=Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/14651858.cd002284.pub2 |issn=1465-1858 |pmc=6457869 |pmid=27472005}}</ref> 'Yan gudun hijira daga asalin Hispanic da Asiya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon hakori, sai kuma waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasashen Afirka, Gabashin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crespo |first=Eileen |date=2019-09-09 |title=The Importance of Oral Health in Immigrant and Refugee Children |journal=Children |volume=6 |issue=9 |page=102 |doi=10.3390/children6090102 |issn=2227-9067 |pmc=6770947 |pmid=31505903 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An nuna cewa yaran 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka suna da ƙarancin lafiyar baki a matsakaici, saboda dalilai da yawa ciki har da ƙasar da suka fito, ilimin iyaye, canjin abinci mai mahimmanci, samun kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na baki na gargajiya daga ƙasarsu, lokacin da aka ɓata a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira, ƙwarewar harshen Ingilishi, da samun damar kula da hakori sau ɗaya a Amurka <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riggs |first=E |last2=Rajan |first2=S |last3=Casey |first3=S |last4=Kilpatrick |first4=N |date=2016-08-01 |title=Refugee child oral health |journal=Oral Diseases |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=292–299 |doi=10.1111/odi.12530 |issn=1354-523X |pmid=27385659 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reza |first=Mona |last2=Amin |first2=Maryam S. |last3=Sgro |first3=Adam |last4=Abdelaziz |first4=Angham |last5=Ito |first5=Dick |last6=Main |first6=Patricia |last7=Azarpazhooh |first7=Amir |date=2016-02-01 |title=Oral Health Status of Immigrant and Refugee Children in North America: A Scoping Review |journal=Journal of the Canadian Dental Association |volume=82 |pages=g3 |issn=1488-2159 |pmid=27548669}}</ref> A cikin yawan jama'ar Amurka, samun damar yin ayyukan rigakafi da na gyara hakori yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yanayin lafiyar baki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garcia |first=Raul I. |last2=Cadoret |first2=Cynthia A. |last3=Henshaw |first3=Michelle |date=April 2008 |title=Multicultural Issues in Oral Health |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dental-clinics-of-north-america_2008-04_52_2/page/319 |journal=Dental Clinics of North America |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=319–332 |doi=10.1016/j.cden.2007.12.006 |issn=0011-8532 |pmc=2365923 |pmid=18329446}}</ref> Saboda sarkakiyar waɗannan shingen, galibi ana gano matsalolin lafiyar baki a makare kuma yara ba sa samun kulawa sosai bayan sun kammala karatunsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Connor |first=Ann |last2=Page Layne |first2=Laura |last3=Ellis Hilb |first3=Laura |date=2014-03-12 |title=A narrative literature review on the health of migrant farm worker children in the USA |journal=International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1108/IJMHSC-07-2013-0019 |issn=1747-9894}}</ref> Samun damar lafiya yana da tasiri ta hanyar abubuwa kamar ƙarancin karatu, yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da inshora. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=National Institute Of Dental Craniofacial Research |first=National Institute of Health |date=September 2005 |title=The Invisible Barrier: Literacy and Its Relationship with Oral Health. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-public-health-dentistry_summer-2005_65_3/page/174 |journal=Journal of Public Health Dentistry |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=174–182 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-7325.2005.tb02808.x |issn=0022-4006 |pmid=16171263}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Telford |first=Claire |last2=Coulter |first2=Ian |last3=Murray |first3=Liam |date=January 2011 |title=Exploring Socioeconomic Disparities in Self-Reported Oral Health Among Adolescents in California |url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/789449/Exploring%20socioeconomic%20disparities%20in%20self-reported%20oral%20health%20among%20adolescents%20in%20California%20-%20JADA%202011%20-%20Murray%20LJ..pdf |journal=The Journal of the American Dental Association |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=70–78 |doi=10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0031 |issn=0002-8177 |pmid=21193770 |s2cid=31477615 |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2018-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719192758/https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/789449/Exploring%20socioeconomic%20disparities%20in%20self-reported%20oral%20health%20among%20adolescents%20in%20California%20-%20JADA%202011%20-%20Murray%20LJ..pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai ƙalilan shaidu da ke goyon bayan hanyoyin kula da lafiyar baki na yanzu ga yaran 'yan gudun hijira a Amurka, tare da rashin shiga cikin lamarin babban cikas ne. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riggs |first=E. |last2=Rajan |first2=S. |last3=Casey |first3=S. |last4=Kilpatrick |first4=N. |date=2017 |title=Refugee child oral health |journal=Oral Diseases |language=en |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=292–299 |doi=10.1111/odi.12530 |issn=1601-0825 |pmid=27385659 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Gubar gubar === [[Guba na gubar|Gubar gubar gubar]] wata muhimmiyar matsala ce ta lafiya ga yara a duk faɗin duniya. Yawan karuwar sinadarin gubar a jini (watau BLLs ≥ 10)&nbsp;μg/dL) tsakanin yaran 'yan gudun hijira da aka sake tsugunar da su ya fi yawa fiye da kashi 2.2% na yaran Amurka. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=CDC Recommendations for Lead Poisoning Prevention in Newly Arrived Refugee Children |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/refugee%20recommendations.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka yi a Massachusetts a shekarar 2001 ya gano cewa har zuwa kashi 27% na yaran 'yan gudun hijira da suka shigo da cutar BLL mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sanya 'yan gudun hijirar zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi fuskantar haɗari. 'Yan gudun hijira na iya fuskantar gubar daga wasu tushe da dama waɗanda za su iya haɗawa da: man fetur mai guba, magungunan ganye, [[Kwalliya|kayan kwalliya]], kayan ƙanshi waɗanda ke ɗauke da gubar, masana'antun gida waɗanda ke amfani da gubar ba tare da haɗari ba, da kuma ƙayyadadden ƙa'idojin hayaki daga manyan masana'antu. Mummunan tasirin gubar ga yara na iya faruwa ba tare da wata alama ba kuma gwajin gubar jini shine kawai hanyar da za a iya tantance fallasa ko guba. Ana magance gubar gubar ta hanyar gano tushen gubar, kawar da wannan tushen, da kuma karɓar gwaji akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa matakan gubar jini suna raguwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Health |first=National Center for Environmental |title=CDC - Lead - Lead Poisoning Prevention in Newly Arrived Refugee Children: Tool Kit |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/refugeetoolkit/refugee_tool_kit.htm |access-date=2017-04-10 |website=www.cdc.gov}}</ref> Ga matakan gubar jini masu yawa (watau, BLLs ≥ 45&nbsp;μg/dL), ana iya ba da shawarar yin amfani da maganin chelation ga yaran 'yan gudun hijira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oral Chelation Therapy for Patients with Lead Poisoning |url=https://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/18/applications/4_2_LeadOralChelators.pdf |access-date=April 10, 2017 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref> CDC ta ba da shawarar yin gwajin gubar ga sabbin yaran 'yan gudun hijira da suka isa ƙasa da shekara 16. <ref name=":03" /> Jagororin gwaji sun bambanta a tsakanin jihohi, tun daga gwajin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara shida zuwa iyakokin shekarun CDC na gwajin waɗanda ba su kai shekara 16 ba. === Mace-macen jarirai === Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2007 ya gano cewa jariran da mata 'yan ci-rani 'yan Mexico suka haifa a Amurka sun sami ƙarancin mace-mace da kashi 10% idan aka kwatanta da jarirai da aka haifa wa matan da ba 'yan Hispanic ba a Amurka. Wannan binciken ya ƙara goyon bayan wannan [[Rashin jituwa na Hispanic|rashin jituwa tsakanin 'yan Hispanic]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hummer |first=Robert A. |last2=Powers |first2=Daniel A. |last3=Pullum |first3=Starling G. |last4=Gossman |first4=Ginger L. |last5=Frisbie |first5=W. Parker |date=1 August 2007 |title=Paradox found (again): Infant mortality among the Mexican-origin population in the united states |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_demography_2007-08_44_3/page/441 |journal=Demography |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=441–457 |doi=10.1353/dem.2007.0028 |pmc=2031221 |pmid=17913005}}</ref> Duk da cewa al'ummomin 'yan gudun hijira na Falasdinu suna fuskantar wahalhalun tattalin arziki da kuma yawan haihuwa, yawan mace-macen jarirai da yaransu yana cikin mafi ƙasƙanci a ƙasashen Larabawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Madi |first=Haifa H |date=July 2000 |title=Infant and child mortality rates among Palestinian refugee populations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2000-07-22_356_9226/page/312 |journal=The Lancet |language=en |volume=356 |issue=9226 |page=312 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02511-3 |pmid=11071191 |s2cid=34446828}}</ref> Abubuwan da ke haifar da mace-macen jarirai a tsakanin 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu sun yi kama da waɗanda ake samu a yankunan da suka fi ci gaba a duniya. Cututtukan da ba sa yaɗuwa su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwar jarirai, musamman jarirai, a tsakanin 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu, domin suna cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba a masana'antu a Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Rashin lafiyar baki yana da mummunan tasiri ga ingancin rayuwa kuma yana iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka na yau da kullun ta hanyar hanyoyin da suka shafi haɗari. <ref name="The oral health of refugees and asy">{{Cite journal |last=Keboa |first=Mark Tambe |last2=Hiles |first2=Natalie |last3=Macdonald |first3=Mary Ellen |date=7 October 2016 |title=The oral health of refugees and asylum seekers: a scoping review |journal=Globalization and Health |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=59 |doi=10.1186/s12992-016-0200-x |pmc=5055656 |pmid=27717391 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Rashin lafiyar baki yana da mummunan tasiri ga ingancin rayuwa kuma yana iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka na yau da kullun ta hanyar hanyoyin da suka shafi haɗari. <ref name="The oral health of refugees and asy" /> === Abinci mai gina jiki === 'Yan gudun hijirar Amurka suna da karuwar cututtukan da suka shafi cututtuka na yau da kullun, ciki har da kiba, ciwon suga, hawan jini, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma rashin jini, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhatta |first=Madhav |last2=Assad |first2=Lori |last3=Shakya |first3=Sunita |date=2014-06-25 |title=Socio-Demographic and Dietary Factors Associated with Excess Body Weight and Abdominal Obesity among Resettled Bhutanese Refugee Women in Northeast Ohio, United States |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=6639–6652 |doi=10.3390/ijerph110706639 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=4113834 |pmid=24968209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gordon-Larsen |first=Penny |author-link=Penny Gordon-Larsen |last2=Harris |first2=Kathleen Mullan |last3=Ward |first3=Dianne S |last4=Popkin |first4=Barry M |date=December 2003 |title=Acculturation and overweight-related behaviors among Hispanic immigrants to the US: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health |url=https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/record/uuid:c7a357f6-3b20-4124-9609-4f2579c6ff79 |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=57 |issue=11 |pages=2023–2034 |doi=10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00072-8 |issn=0277-9536 |pmid=14512234}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berman |first=Rachel Stein |last2=Smock |first2=Laura |last3=Bair-Merritt |first3=Megan H. |last4=Cochran |first4=Jennifer |last5=Geltman |first5=Paul L. |date=2017-06-22 |title=Giving It Our Best Shot? Human Papillomavirus and Hepatitis B Virus Immunization Among Refugees, Massachusetts, 2011–2013 |journal=Preventing Chronic Disease |volume=14 |pages=E50 |doi=10.5888/pcd14.160442 |issn=1545-1151 |pmc=5484014 |pmid=28641071}}</ref> idan aka kwatanta da mazauna Amurka ko kuma baƙi na ƙarni na farko. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yun |first=Katherine |last2=Hebrank |first2=Kelly |last3=Graber |first3=Lauren K. |last4=Sullivan |first4=Mary-Christine |last5=Chen |first5=Isabel |last6=Gupta |first6=Jhumka |date=2012-03-02 |title=High Prevalence of Chronic Non-Communicable Conditions Among Adult Refugees: Implications for Practice and Policy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-community-health_2012-10_37_5/page/1110 |journal=Journal of Community Health |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=1110–1118 |doi=10.1007/s10900-012-9552-1 |issn=0094-5145 |pmc=3857959 |pmid=22382428}}</ref> Na farko, 'yan gudun hijira suna fuskantar matsalolin harshe: suna buƙatar lokaci don su saba da harshe da yanayin abinci da ba a sani ba a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tropp |first=Linda R. |last2=Erkut |first2=Sumru |last3=Coll |first3=Cynthia García |last4=Alarcón |first4=Odette |last5=García |first5=Heidie A. Vázquez |date=April 1999 |title=Psychological Acculturation: Development of A New Measure for Puerto Ricans on the U.S. Mainland |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_educational-and-psychological-measurement_1999-04_59_2/page/351 |journal=Educational and Psychological Measurement |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=351–367 |doi=10.1177/00131649921969794 |issn=0013-1644 |pmc=3057082 |pmid=21415932}}</ref> Na biyu, imani da 'yan gudun hijira da al'adun ƙasarsu, tare da yanayin tattalin arziki bayan sake zama a Amurka (SES; wanda galibi yana ƙasa), suna shafar irin nau'in abinci da za a iya saya da cinyewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hadley |first=Craig |last2=Zodhiates |first2=Ariel |last3=Sellen |first3=Daniel W |date=April 2007 |title=Acculturation, economics and food insecurity among refugees resettled in the USA: a case study of West African refugees |journal=Public Health Nutrition |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=405–412 |doi=10.1017/s1368980007222943 |issn=1368-9800 |pmid=17362537 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Na uku, ƙarancin bayanai game da abinci, siyayya, da girke-girke a Amurka yana haifar da wani shinge ga siyan abinci mai lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jetter |first=Karen M. |last2=Cassady |first2=Diana L. |date=January 2006 |title=The Availability and Cost of Healthier Food Alternatives |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-preventive-medicine_2006-01_30_1/page/n41 |journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=38–44 |doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.039 |issn=0749-3797 |pmid=16414422 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Na huɗu, yawan cin abinci mai sarrafawa da mai cike da kuzari a Amurka yana taimakawa wajen haɗarin cututtuka na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dharod |first=Jigna M. |last2=Croom |first2=Jamar |last3=Sady |first3=Christine G. |last4=Morrell |first4=Dale |date=2011-02-18 |title=Dietary Intake, Food Security, and Acculturation Among Somali Refugees in the United States: Results of a Pilot Study |url=https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Dharod_Dietary_2011.pdf |journal=Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=82–97 |doi=10.1080/15562948.2011.547827 |issn=1556-2948 |s2cid=22817540 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241212152002/http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Dharod_Dietary_2011.pdf |archive-date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2026-06-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wani bincike da ya dogara da bincikensa kan Sabon Binciken Baƙi (NIS) ya gano cewa baƙi 'yan Hispanic waɗanda suka fi daɗewa a Amurka sun fuskanci manyan canje-canje a cikin abincinsu. Daga cikin waɗannan 'yan Hispanik da suka fi samun canjin abinci tun bayan ƙaura zuwa Amurka, waɗanda suka ba da rahoton rashin lafiya mafi muni su ne waɗanda suka shafe lokaci mai tsawo a Amurka. Haka kuma, baƙi 'yan Hispanik waɗanda suka fi zama a Amurka kuma suka ba da rahoton rashin lafiya mafi muni suma sun fi bayar da rahoton amfani da harshen Turanci a wurin aikinsu. Waɗannan binciken sun nuna alaƙa tsakanin lafiyar 'yan Hispanik da baƙi da kuma yadda suka saba da halayen Amurka a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akresh |first=Ilana Redstone |date=December 2007 |title=Dietary Assimilation and Health among Hispanic Immigrants to the United States |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-health-and-social-behavior_2007-12_48_4/page/404 |journal=Journal of Health and Social Behavior |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=404–417 |doi=10.1177/002214650704800405 |pmid=18198687 |s2cid=6496931}}</ref> Wani bincike ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 13% ne kawai na 'yan gudun hijira da aka yi nazari a kansu sun ji cewa suna cin abinci mai kyau gabaɗaya a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Donelle M. |last2=Almasy |first2=Nina |date=July 2005 |title=Refugees' Perceptions of Healthy Behaviors |journal=Journal of Immigrant Health |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=185–193 |doi=10.1007/s10903-005-3675-8 |issn=1096-4045 |pmid=15900419 |s2cid=24937284}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da rahoton matsaloli wajen gano abincin da suka fi so. <ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |last=Rondinelli |first=Amanda J. |last2=Morris |first2=Meghan D. |last3=Rodwell |first3=Timothy C. |last4=Moser |first4=Kathleen S. |last5=Paida |first5=Paulino |last6=Popper |first6=Steve T. |last7=Brouwer |first7=Kimberly C. |date=2010-05-27 |title=Under- and Over-Nutrition Among Refugees in San Diego County, California |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=161–168 |doi=10.1007/s10903-010-9353-5 |issn=1557-1912 |pmc=3021711 |pmid=20505992}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patil |first=Crystal L. |last2=Hadley |first2=Craig |last3=Nahayo |first3=Perpetue Djona |date=2008-02-06 |title=Unpacking Dietary Acculturation Among New Americans: Results from Formative Research with African Refugees |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=342–358 |doi=10.1007/s10903-008-9120-z |issn=1557-1912 |pmid=18253832 |s2cid=19672161}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hadley |first=Craig |last2=Sellen |first2=Daniel |date=2006-08-19 |title=Food Security and Child Hunger among Recently Resettled Liberian Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Pilot Study |journal=Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=369–375 |doi=10.1007/s10903-006-9007-9 |issn=1557-1912 |pmid=16924410 |s2cid=28306165}}</ref> Rashin zaɓuɓɓukan abinci mai kyau a baya ya haifar da rashin kyawun halaye na abinci da zaɓin abinci bayan sake tsugunar da su. <ref name=":16" /> Misali, kashi 32% na 'yan gudun hijirar Bhutanese suna da ƙarancin bitamin B-12, wataƙila saboda ƙarancin nama, ƙwai, da kiwo a cikin abincin Nepal. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018-08-24 |title=QuickStats: Infant Mortality Rate,* by State — United States, 2016 |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=67 |issue=33 |page=942 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6733a7 |issn=0149-2195 |pmc=6107322 |pmid=30138302}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4k9xwi08thyksojoj8bl3giobwih248 0 158952 966919 888144 2026-10-12T18:19:12Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Mataunin kariya daga fari ('''drought refuge''') wani yanki ne da ke samar da ruwa mai dadi ko kuma yanayi mai damshi dindindin ga shuke-shuke da dabbobi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mazaunin kariya (refuge) lokacin da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi suka fuskanci fari, sannan yana ba wa tsarin halittu (ecosystems) da manyan rukunonin halittu damar rayuwa har sai farin ya kau. Wadannan matattaun kariya daga fari suna da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye tsarin halittu a wuraren da ayyukan bil'adama ke dada tsananta tasirin [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]]. == Bayani == Mataunin kariya daga fari masu dogaro suna siffantuwa da ikon rike isasshen ruwa a lokacin fari, suna da ingancin ruwa mai kyau da zai iya dorewar rayuwar tsarin halittu, kuma ba sa fuskantar hargitsi na fili, sannan suna da hanyar saduwa da mazaunan da ke kewaye, ta yadda halittun da suka fake za su iya sake mamaye babban mazauninsu lokacin da farin ya kare.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ewater.com.au/drought/refuge_habitats.shtml |title=Refuge habitats |access-date=2011-09-02 |work=Drought Science |publisher= eWater CRC }}</ref> Ga kifi da sauran halittun ruwa marasa kashi (aquatic invertebrates), mazaunin kariya daga fari na iya kasancewa wani kebabben tafki na dindindin a cikin kogi wanda ke daina kwarara kuma mafi yawanci ya bushe a lokacin fari.<ref name=bond>Bond, N.R. (2007). ''Identifying, mapping and managing drought refuges: a brief summary of issues and approaches''. eWater Technical Report. eWater Cooperative Research Centre: Canberra. {{cite web|url=http://ewatercrc.com.au/reports/Bond-2007-Drought_Refuges.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-09-02 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918185132/http://www.ewatercrc.com.au/reports/Bond-2007-Drought_Refuges.pdf |archive-date=2009-09-18 }}</ref> Kofatun ruwa dindindin (permanent wetlands) na iya zama mazaunin kariya lokacin fari (ba na hayayyafa ba) ga nau'ikan tsuntsayen ruwa da ke yin sheka a tabkuna na dan lokaci (ephemeral lakes) lokacin da ambaliyar ruwa ta cika su.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Anon |year=2000 |title=Wetlands as waterbird habitat. |journal=Water Notes |volume=5 |url=http://portal.environment.wa.gov.au/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/DOE_ADMIN/FACT_SHEET_REPOSITORY/TAB1144247/WRCWN05.PDF |publisher=Water and Rivers Commission, Western Australia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110328000949/http://portal.environment.wa.gov.au/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/DOE_ADMIN/FACT_SHEET_REPOSITORY/TAB1144247/WRCWN05.PDF |archive-date=2011-03-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author= White, J.M.|year=1987 |title=The New England lagoons as drought refuges for waterbirds |journal=Emu |volume=87 |issue= 4|pages=253–255 |url= http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=MU9870253.pdf |doi=10.1071/mu9870253|bibcode=1987EmuAO..87..253W }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.water.vic.gov.au/resources/news_items/archived-news-items/2008-news-items/birds-find-a-refuge |title=Birds find a refuge |access-date=2011-09-02 |work=Water Victoria: News and resources |publisher=Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria |date=2008-08-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413090117/http://www.water.vic.gov.au/resources/news_items/archived-news-items/2008-news-items/birds-find-a-refuge |archive-date=2011-04-13 }}</ref> "Mazaunin kariya daga fari wuri ne mai aminci da ke dorewa ta cikin wani hargitsi, inda babban ma'anarsa shi ne cewa bayan hargitsin, mazaunin yana samar da halittun da za su sake mamaye wurin don ba wa rukunonin halittu damar farfadowa."{{Quote without source|date=September 2018}} Ga wasu nau'ikan halittu, wannan mazaunin kariya shi ne kadai tushen ruwansu kuma yana da mahimmanci don rayuwarsu.<ref>Lake, P. Sam ''Drought and Aquatic Ecosystems: Effects and Responses''</ref> Ga tsuntsaye da nau'ikan halittu marasa kashi, mazaunin kariya daga fari ba wai kawai ya zama dole don rayuwa ba ne, har ma yana taimakawa wajen nasarar hayayyafarsu. Wasu kwayoyin halitta suna iya dacewa da muhalli lokacin da aka yi fari, amma samar da dabi'un dacewa da za su amfani rayuwa a cikin fari mai tsawo abu ne mai matukar wahalar gaske. == Ma'anar kalmomin ''refuge'' da ''drought'' == Kalmar ''refugium'' (jam'i: ''refugia'') masana kimiyyar halittu masu canzawa (evolutionary biologists) ne suka fara amfani da ita don mazaunan kariya da ke kare daukacin nau'ikan halittu (species) daga abubuwan hargitsi na manyan sikelin lokaci da fili, kamar daskarewar kankara (glaciation) ko tasirin dogon lokaci na sauyin yanayi.<ref name =Robson5>Robson, B. J., Chester, E. T., Mitchell, B. D., & Matthews, T. G. (2013). Disturbance and the role of refuges in mediterranean climate streams. ''Hydrobiologia'', 719(1), 77–91.</ref> Hargitsi (disturbance) ya kunshi rashi na dan lokaci na kwayoyin halitta (biomass) wanda ke haifar da canji a muhallin fili.<ref name=Parkos2a>Parkos, J. J., Ruetz, C. R., Trexler, J. C. (2011). Disturbance regime and limits on benefits of refuge use for fishes in a fluctuating hydroscape. Oikos, 120(10), 1519-1530.</ref> Masana tsarin halittu (ecologists) na kananan sikeli a yanzu suna amfani da wannan kalma a matsayin daidai take da mafi saukin kalma wato ''refuge'', don bayyana wuraren da ke kare rukunonin shuke-shuke ko dabbobi daga hargitsi na kananan sikeli, kamar gobara, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, ko tasirin bil'adama.<ref name=Robson5 /> Refugia su ne mazauna ko abubuwan muhalli da ke ba da juriya na fili da lokaci da kuma karfin farfadowa ga al'ummomin halittu da hargitsi ya shafa.<ref name=Magoulick4a>Magoulick, D. D., & Kobza, R. M. (2003). The role of refugia for fishes during drought: A review and synthesis. ''Freshwater Biology'', 48, 1186–1198.</ref> A nan, munanan tasirin hargitsi sun yi kasa idan aka kwanta da yankunan da ke kewaye ko lokuta.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Refugia tana kare nau'ikan halittu na dogon lokaci, yayin da refuge ke kare nau'ikan halittu na takaitaccen lokaci.<ref name=Kath1a>Kath, J., Powell, S., Reardon-Smith, K., El Sawah, S., Jakeman, A. J., Croke, B. F. W., & Dyer, F. J. (2015). Groundwater salinization intensifies drought impacts in forests and reduces refuge capacity. ''Journal of Applied Ecology'', 52, 1116–1125.</ref> Akwai sauran amfani na kalmar ''refuge'', kamar na wuraren kiyaye namun daji ko wurin da babu dabbobi masu cin naman wasu (predation refuge).<ref name=Robson5 /> Refuge wuri ne ko yanayi da ke ba da aminci ko mafaka.<ref name=Robson5 /> A nan, canjin yanayi ba ya cika shafar nau'ikan halittun ba.<ref name=Kath1a /> Rashin samun hazo ko ruwan sama yana haifar da bushewar tsarin halittun ruwa kuma yana haifar da hargitsi na dabi'a da ake kira fari (drought).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Domin kwayoyin halitta su tsira daga fari, dole ne hargitsin ya kasance kadan ko kuma a sami mazaunin kariya daga fari.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> == Tasirin fari == Ana auna tsananin hargitsi ta hanyar karfinsa, tsawonsa, da kuma lokacin farfadowarsa.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Karfi da tsawon lokaci suna tasiri ga karfin hargitsi da yuwuwar rayuwar kwayoyin halitta (organisms) a cikin wani yanki.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Lokacin farfadowa yana tasiri ga matakin yawa da tsarin farfadowa a cikin mazaunin da aka hargitsa har sai wani sabon motsi ya tilasta wa nau'ikan halittu neman mafaka.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hargitsi, kamar fari, suna tasiri ga tsarin fili da lokaci na amfani da mazaunin kariya, sannan da kuma rawar da mazaunan kariya ke takawa a cikin sauye-sauyen al'umma.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Sauye-sauye a cikin tsarin hargitsi suna shafar tsarin amfani da mazaunin kariya da tsarin al'umma.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Raguwar lokaci tsakanin hargitsi yana kara amfani da mazaunin kariya har sai an kai ga wani yanayi na yawa, inda amfanin ke raguwa sakamakon raunin juriya da karfin kariya na wani nau'in halitta.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Lalacewar mazaunin kariya (refuge degradation) yana kara mace-mace ga nau'ikan halittu masu saurin shafa a lokutan manyan hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Fari yana rage fadin fili da girman ruwa, yayin da yake kara tsananin ingancin ruwa na fili da na sinadarai, kamar matakan zafi, yawan iskar oxygen da matakan ruwa.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Wannan yana da alaka da mu'amalar da ke tsara al'ummomin nau'ikan halittu daban-daban sannan yana shafar mace-mace, haihuwa da kuma kason kaura.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> A lokacin fari, nau'ikan halittu dole ne su nemi mazaunin kariya ko kuma su kasance da dabi'un dacewa da ke samar da kariya.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Tsanani na yanayin ruwa (hydrological extremes), kamar ambaliyar ruwa da fari, suna gyara mazaunai.<ref name=Stubbington5a>Stubbington, R. (2012). The hyporheic zone as an invertebrate refuge: A review of variability in space, time, taxa and behavior. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63(4), 293-311.</ref> Fari ba wai kawai yana haifar da asarar mazaunai ba ne, har ma yana haifar da kebebbun sassan mazaunai wadanda ke samuwa ta hanyar rabuwar rukunonin halittu (populations) wadanda tare suke fuskantar rarrabuwa (meta population).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Karuwar yawan kwayoyin halitta wani sakamako ne na fari.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Stubbington5a /> Karuwar yawan kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da takaitattun albarkatu, takaitaccen motsi, karuwar gauraya ko gaba (competition), da kuma karuwar barazanar cin naman juna (predation).<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Fari kuma yana haifar da canje-canje a albarkatun abinci da ingancin ruwa.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> == Aiki da mahimmancin mazaunan kariya daga fari == Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna kare rukunonin shuke-shuke da dabbobi daga abubuwan da suka shafi tsananin yanayi yayin da yanayin ke sauyawa.<ref name=Robson5 /><ref name=Bateman1>Bateman, B. L., Pidgeon, A. M., Radeloff, V. C., Allstadt, A. J., Akcakaya, H., R., Thogmartin, W. E., Vavrus, S. J., & Heglund, P. J. (2015). The importance of range edges for an irruptive species during extreme weather events. Landscape Ecology, 30(6), 1095-1110.</ref> Suna aiki a matsayin wuraren da ke tallafawa rukunonin shuke-shuke da dabbobi da ba za su iya rayuwa a wani wuri daban ba a cikin wani fili a lokacin abubuwan hargitsi, ko wadancan abubuwan na kakar shekara ne da za a iya hangowa, ko akasin haka.<ref name=Robson5 /> Ikon mazauni na yin aiki a matsayin kariya ya dogara ne da hargitsin.<ref name=Parkos2a /><ref name=Stubbington5a /> Ikon mazaunin kariya na rike ruwa ya zama da muhimmanci ga dorewar yawancin rukunonin halittu.<ref name=Humphries3>Humphries, P., & Baldwin, D. S. (2003). Drought and aquatic ecosystems: An introduction. Freshwater Biology, 48(7), 1141-1146.</ref><ref name=Robson4>Robson, B. J., & Matthews, T. G. (2004). Drought refuges affect algal recolonisation in intermittent streams. River Research and Applications, 20(7), 753-763.</ref> Mazaunan kariya masu isasshen girma da tsawon lokaci suna dorewar rukunonin halittu, suna kiyaye rarrabuwar halittu (biodiversity) sannan suna iya dauke da rukunonin halittu da suka rage daga doli (relict populations).<ref name=Robson5 /> Suna da mahimmanci musamman yayin karuwar bushewar kasa lokacin da kalilan ne kawai na sauran mazauna masu dacewa suka rage.<ref name=Robson5 /> Halittun yanki (biota) sun dogara sosai ga mazaunan kariya na kakar shekara.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya suna kara yawan damar rayuwa da lokacin farfadowa na rukunonin halittu da ke fuskantar hargitsin muhalli.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Amfanin mazaunin kariya shi ne ikon mazaunin na cika ka'idojin da suka shafi mazauni.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Ilimi game da mazaunan kariya a cikin koguna da magudanun ruwa na yanayin Bahar Rum (mediterranean) da na busassun kasashe ya karu a cikin shekaru guda goma da suka gabata.<ref name=Robson5 /> Tsarin hargitsi da tsarin sake mamaye yanki (recolonization) su ne tsare-tsaren halittu guda biyu wadanda ke da alaka da yadda mazaunan kariya ke aiki.<ref name=Chester2>Chester, E. T., & Robinson, B. J. (2011). Drought refuges, spatial scale and recolonisation by invertebrates in non-perennial streams. Freshwater Biology, 56(10), 2094-2104.</ref> Tsarin hargitsi yana mai da wurare su zama mazaunan kariya sannan tsarin sake mamaye yanki yana sake cika fadin fili da halittu da zarar hargitsin ya wuce.<ref name=Chester2 /> Sake mamaye yanki yana samuwa ne ta hanyar juriya, rayuwa ta cikin gida a mazaunan kariya daga fari, ko karfin farfadowa, babban mace-mace na cikin gida tare da daidaiton daidaikun halittu da ke komawa zuwa magudanun ruwa lokacin da yanayi ya inganta.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Chester2 /><ref name=Pires3a>Pires, D. F., Pires, A. M., Collares, M. J., & Magalhaes, M. F. (2010). Variation in fish assemblages across dry-season pools in a Mediterranean stream: Effects of pool morphology, physicochemical factors and spatial context. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 19, 74-86.</ref> Tsarin hargitsi, samuwar mazaunin kariya, aikin mazaunin kariya da sake mamaye yanki suna faruwa ne a matakan lokaci da fili daban-daban.<ref name=Robson5 /><ref name=Humphries3 /> Rarraba mazaunan kariya a cikin fili (spatial distribution) yana tasiri ga amfani da sake mamaye yanki.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Abubuwan da suka shafi fili kadai suna da karamar gudunmawa. Mazaunan kariya sun bambanta da abubuwan siffa (morphological) da na sinadarai na fili (physicochemical) kuma; ana raba gudunmawar.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya na iya kasancewa kanana ko manya sannan ana iya amfani da su na takaitaccen lokaci ko dogon lokaci.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Refugia na da alaka da juna dangane da dacewar nau'ikan halittu, sikelin fili da lokaci, da kuma tsarin hargitsi.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Yawancin tasiri na dangi ba su bayyana ba saboda kowane yanayi daban yake.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna da mahimmanci don dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a kan manyan sikelin fili.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ruwan dindindin (perennial waters) shi ne babban mazaunin kariya daga fari mafi mahimmanci.<ref name=Chester2 /> A matsayinsu na mazaunan kariya, suna bukatar mafi karancin jari daga halittun ruwa marasa kashi na magudanun ruwa sannan suna da mafi girman rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ruwan saman kasa na dindindin yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar manyan halittu marasa kashi (macroinvertebrate) da kifi.<ref name=Chester2 /> Bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin tsawo (longitudinal pattern) suna shafar wuri da aikin mazaunan kariya na ruwan dindindin.<ref name=Robson5 /> Zama a mazaunin kariya abu ne da za a iya hangowa dangane da dabi'un nau'ikan halittu, amma ba duka mazaunan kariya masu dacewa a cikin wani tsari ba ne ke da mazauna.<ref name=Chester2 /> Tsarin al'ummar mazaunin kariya mafi yawanci yana da daidaito saboda martani ga hargitsi yana shafar daukacin nau'ikan halittu; nau'in halitta guda yana amfani da irin nau'in mazaunin kariya guda.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Refugia tana taka rawa ta tsakiya wajen tsara al'ummomi.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Mafi yawan nau'ikan halittun magudanun ruwa da ba na dindindin ba suna bayyana suna da fiye da mazaunin kariya guda na yuwuwa daga fari.<ref name=Chester2 /> Babban abin da ke kayyade mazaunan kariya daga fari da wani nau'in halitta ke amfani da shi a cikin wani fili shi ne dabi'unsa na asali (intrinsic traits).<ref name=Chester2 /> Akwai takaitattun shiyya (mazaunan kariya) da halittu ke komawa gare su lokacin fari, kuma a cikin wadannan shiyoyin akwai takaitattun siffofi na wuraren da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban ke amfani da su a matsayin mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Wani nau'in halitta na iya amfani da fiye da nau'in mazaunin kariya guda a lokacin zagayowar rayuwarsa (biological life cycle).<ref name=Robson5 /> Canji a amfani da mazaunin kariya yana samuwa ne ta hanyar siffar kasa (topography), saukin shafar daidaikun nau'ikan halittu da kuma martani ga hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Tsarin amfani da mazaunin kariya yana tasiri ne ta hanyar nau'in hargitsi, nau'in halitta, girman yanki, yuwuwar mazauna da wuri.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Wadannan tsare-tsare ba a cika gane su da kyau ba.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna samar da tsarin sassa na mazaunai (habitat mosaics) wadanda ke da saurin fuskantar rarrabuwar mazauni (habitat fragmentation) ta hanyar tsarin kwarara. Wasu sassan sun fi saurin shafa ga janyen ruwa (abstraction) fiye da sauran.<ref name=Robson4 /> Bushewar tafkuna tana haifar da sassa daban-daban na tafkuna a cikin busasshiyar hanyar kogi wadanda suka bambanta da dacewa ga nau'ikan halittu daban-daban da matakan rayuwa.<ref name=Pires3a /> Nau'ikan halittu daban-daban suna fifita tafkuna masu girma dabam-dabam a wurare daban-daban tare da siffofi na sinadarai da na fili daban-daban.<ref name=Pires3a /> Mazaunan kariya da ke da karancin yawan nau'ikan halittu suna bukatar karancin kokari don su kasance masu dacewa idan aka kwanta da mazaunan kariya masu rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name=Pires3a /> Girman tafki yana tasiri ga rukunin nau'ikan halittu, jimillar adadin kwayoyin halitta, da tsarin taro saboda abubuwan sinadarai da na fili.<ref name=Pires3a /> Yawan nau'ikan halittu (species richness) da wadatar amfani suna da alaka da siffar tafkin.<ref name=Pires3a /> Inuwa, wuri (geography), da tsarin kasa duka abubuwa ne masu ba da gudunmawa.<ref name=Pires3a /> Tafkuna masu tsananin inuwa suna da ruwa mai sanyi, yayin da tafkuna masu karancin inuwa ke da karuwar matakan samar da amfani na farko. Manyan mazaunan kariya suna da karuwar wadatar amfani da arziki sannan suna da yuwuwar dorewa ta cikin dogon lokaci na hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /><ref name=Pires3a /> Yayin da ake amfani da su da kaddan kuma galibi suna dauke da kalilan na daidaikun halittu a cikin shekaru na yau da kullum, gefen iyakokin zama (range edges) na iya zama mazaunin kariya na lokaci-lokaci daga matsanancin yanayi ko yanayi kamar fari.<ref name=Bateman1 /> A lokacin wadannan matsanancin yanayi, yuwuwar rayuwa, nasarar hayayyafa ko duka biyun sun fi girma a gefen iyakar fiye da tsakiyar inda rukunin yake zama.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Amfani da mazaunin kariya yana tasiri ne ta hanyar siffofin mazauni, kamar musayar ruwa (hydraulic exchange) da nau'in laka (sediment type), kaura mai karfi (active migration) ko amfani da mazauni cikin sanyin jiki da siffar nau'ikan halittu, hali da tsarin jiki (physiology).<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Raguwa a amfani da mazaunin kariya na faruwa ne saboda raguwar tasiri na rage mace-mace da takaitaccen lokacin da aka samar don farfadowar al'umma wanda ke haifar da raguwar lokaci tsakanin hargitsi.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Motsi zuwa ciki da waje na mazaunin kariya yana samar da kwarara da za a iya hangowa na kwayoyin halitta (biomass) da sinadaran gina jiki (nutrients).<ref name=Parkos2a /> Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin jerin abinci (food webs) da tsarin halittu.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Dimbin yawa na sinadaran gina jiki a wuri guda lokacin hargitsi yana nufin karuwar gaba (competition) da cin naman juna (predation).<ref name=Parkos2a /> Kason mace-mace, haihuwa, kaura, da mu'amala tsakanin sassan halittun da suka gudu zuwa refugia suna tasiri ta hanyar yanayin mazaunin kariyar.<ref name=Humphries3 /> Fadin sarari, kason bushewa, da yanayin fili na kewaye da na sinadarai duka abubuwa ne masu ba da gudunmawa.<ref name=Humphries3 /> Mazaunan kariya daga fari ga algi (algae) suna da yawa saboda mafi yawan nau'ikan tsakiyar kogi na iya tsira daga bushewa (desiccation) kuma suna nuna karancin takamaiman bukatar mazaunin kariya, idan har bushewar ta faru a hankali.<ref name=Robson5 /> Sun hada da busasshen biofilm a kan duwatsu da katako, busassun ganyayyaki da kuma tafkuna na dindindin.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya ga shuke-shuken ruwa (macrophytes) da kananan halittun ruwa (zooplankton) yawanci sun kunshi rumbun kwayayen haihuwa da na iri a tsakiyar koguna kuma suna da juriya ga bushewa mai tsawo.<ref name=Robson5 /> == Mahimmancin Alakar Mazaunan Kariya == Fari na haifar da sauyi a tazarar mazaunan kariya da alakarsu a matakan fili da lokaci daban-daban.<ref name=Pires3a /><ref name=Magoulick4a /> Fari na hargitsa alakar ruwa sannan yana shafar halittun da ke zaune a wurin ta hanyar asarar ruwa da kwarara daga bushewa, raguwar mazauni, da sake tsari.<ref name=Kath1a /> Isar da ruwa yana takaita ne ga yankuna na cikin tsarin sadarwar magudanun ruwa.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Sassan mazauni da membobin al'umma suka kera suna aiki a matsayin mazaunan kariya wadanda ke da mahimmanci ga sauran membobin.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hanyoyi da tafkuna da wasu nau'ikan halittu suka tona, kamar kadangurun ruwa, suna ba da damar bazuwa zuwa cikin mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Musayar ruwa tana samar da motsin ruwa, sinadaran gina jiki, da kwayoyin halitta zuwa cikin mazaunin kariya.<ref name=Robson5 /> Rukunonin halittu marasa motsi, kamar tsirrai da dabbobi a mazaunan kariya na ruwan dindindin, ba za su iya dorewa har abada ba ba tare da alakar ruwa tsakanin mazaunan kariya ba.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Halittu masu motsi, kamar kifi, za su koma cikin mazaunin kariya idan babu shinge, kamar abubuwan toshewa na fili (misali: madatsun ruwa, kebabben tafkuna), abubuwan halitta (misali: cin naman juna, gaba), da abubuwan sinadarai da na fili (misali: karancin iskar oxygen da ke narke a ruwa). A lokacin kananan sikelin hargitsi da na takaitaccen lokaci, rukunonin halittu a cikin mazaunan kariya ba lallai ne a yanke su baki daya daga wadanda ke sauran mazaunan kariya ba ko wadanda ke sauran filaye da ba a hargitsa ba, saboda haka musayar kwayoyin halitta na iya faruwa har yanzu, ko kuma zai faru lokacin sassan zagayowar rayuwa da hargitsin bai takaita ba. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, rayuwar wani nau'in halitta ba shi da yuwuwar ya dogara ga mazaunin kariya guda daya tilo.<ref name=Robson5 /> Tsarin farfadowa yana bukatar dawo da alaka, ta yadda kaura za ta iya faruwa daga mazaunan kariya zuwa sabbin sassan mazauni.<ref name=Chester2 /> Magudanun ruwa masu gudana na dindindin na iya zama mazaunan kariya daga fari ga magudanun ruwa na makwabta, koda kuwa ba su da alakar ruwa da su.<ref name=Robson5 /> Dole ne halittun da suka fake su sami alakar ruwa a lokutan da suka dace. Ga kwari, mazaunan kariya a kan magudanan ruwa guda na iya tallafawa sake mamaye yanki a magudanan ruwa na kusa da ba su da alakar ruwa, wanda hakan na iya bukatar tsarin kiyayewa ta cikin iyakokin rumbun ruwa. Farin da aka yi daga shekarar 1996 har zuwa 2009 ya sami babban tasiri a kan Rumbun Murray-Darling, a Arewacin Ostareliya (Murphy da Timbal 2007; Umenhofer et al. 2009). Lokacin da wannan fari ya faru, ya busar da kofatun ruwa da wuraren ajiye ruwa (mazaunin kariya daga fari). Ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da kifi da yawa, mazaunin kariyar shi ne kadai ruwa mai dadi da ke akwai. Wannan gungun ruwa yana aiki ne a matsayin abinci da mafaka; saboda haka, dole ne a kiyaye shi. Mazaunan kariya daga fari suna da yuwuwar dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a kan manyan sikelin fili kamar gungun magudanun ruwa ko daukacin tsarin magudanar ruwa. Chester, E. T. da Robson, B. J. (2011), Drought refuges, spatial scale and recolonization by invertebrates in non-perennial streams. Freshwater Biology, 56: 2094–2104. == Nau'ukan Mazaunan Kariya Daga Fari Daban-daban == Wani nau'in halitta na iya amfani da fiye da nau'in mazaunin kariya guda a lokacin zagayowar rayuwarsa.<ref name=Magoulick4a /><ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya na iya zama siffofin fili na kwayoyin halitta kamar hali na takaitaccen lokaci ko dabi'ar dacewa ta juyin halitta na dogon lokaci.<ref name=Parkos2a /> Dabbobi da shuke-shuke suna da hanyoyin kara juriya (rayuwa) da karfin farfadowa (farfadowa) ga hargitsi na fili.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Suna samar da dabi'un dacewa kamar siffa, tsarin jiki, da hali.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Siffofin dacewa na fili na kwayoyin halitta sun hada da ikon yin barcin rani (aestivate), karkataccen baki da ke ba da damar shakar oxygen a saman ruwa, garkuwar jiki, da kashin baya masu [[dafi]].<ref name=Parkos2a /> Hanyoyin da nau'ikan halittu masu motsi ke amfani da su sun hada da halayyar neman mazaunin kariya; suna neman sassan mazauni wadanda ke rage matsin lamba na tsarin jiki sannan suna rage mace-mace.<ref name=Chester2 /> Dogaro ga bazuwa yana inganta karfin farfadowa ga sauyin yanayi a takaitaccen lokaci, amma a kan sikelin lokaci mai tsawo, ba zai kare rarrabuwar halittu na manyan halittu marasa kashi daga lalacewar mazaunin kariya na sikelin fili ba. Yankin hyporheic, wani yanki ne tare da gadon magudanun ruwa inda ruwan karkashin kasa ke haduwa da ruwan saman kasa,<ref name=Robson4 /> mazaunin kariya ne mai mahimmanci ga kwayoyin halitta marasa motsi, kamar algi. Yankin hyporheic yana karewa daga daskarewa, babban zafi, da gurbataccen yanayi. Yana rage gushewar wuri, tare da daidaiton kwarararsa mai tafiya a hankali.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> A cikin yankin hyporheic, ana rike ruwa kyauta, sannan halittu marasa kashi suna ci gaba da kasancewa a nutse a ruwa.<ref name=Chester2 /> An nuna cewa yankin hyporheic yana ba da gudunmawar halittun da ke sake mamaye wurare lokacin da kwararar ruwan saman kasa ta sake farawa. Ruwan dindindin, ko tafkuna ne, ma'abotar ruwa ko sassan magudanun ruwa masu gudana, an nuna su akai-akai a matsayin manyan mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Chester2 /> Sassan magudanun ruwa masu gudana dindindin da tafkuna na dindindin suna aiki a matsayin mazaunan kariya daga fari ga yanki mafi fadi na fili fiye da magudanar ruwan da suke a kanta.<ref name=Robson5 /> Mazaunan kariya masu girman da ya isa don dorewar daukacin rukunonin halittu, kamar sassan da ke gudana dindindin, suna da yuwuwar kasancewa mafi mahimmanci sannan suna iya zama mazaunan kariya da ke dauke da rukunonin halittu da suka rage a lokacin bushewar kasa.<ref name=Chester2 /> Tafkuna na dindindin da ruwa mai gudana dindindin yawanci suna dauke da mafi girman rarrabuwar nau'ikan halittu marasa kashi saboda suna bukatar mafi karancin jari daga halittun marasa kashin. == Barazana da kiyayewa == Saboda mazaunan kariya daga fari na iya samar da wurare kadai da ke ba wa rukunonin halittu damar dorewa lokacin fari, suna da matukar saukin shafa ga abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin ruwa kamar gurbacewar ruwa da taruwar yashi (sedimentation) daga kwararar ruwan saman kasa sakamakon ayyukan bil'adama. Don haka, a wuraren da ke fuskantar fari na lokaci-lokaci, kiyaye mazauni yana bukatar ganowa da kare mazaunan kariya daga fari.<ref name=bond/> <ref name=Humphries3 /> Fari takaitacce ne ga wasu shiyoyi da yankunan yanayi daban-daban.<ref name=Robson5 /> Sauyin yanayi a yawancin yankunan Bahar Rum na iya tsawaita lokutan fari sannan ya yi barazana ga mazaunan kariya.<ref name=Chester2 /> Ikon mazaunan kariya na dindindin na tallafawa rarrabuwar halittu na iya fuskantar babbar matsala sakamakon karuwar zafin ruwa, wanda ke rage ingancin mazaunan kariya ta hanyar wuce juriya na zafi na halittu marasa kashi ko ta hanyar haifar da rashin iskar oxygen (anoxia) a tafkunan magudanun ruwa da kuma lalacewar muhalli da ke akwai na yawancin hanyoyin ruwa na dindindin. Fari yana da ikon rage kayayyakin gona sannan ya zama sanadin asarar amfanin gona da rayuka. Don haka, adana mazaunin kariya yana da matukar mahimmanci ta fannoni da dama. Domin kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari ga wadannan nau'ikan halittu, ya kamata a dauki matakin da zai haifar da tasiri na takaitaccen lokaci da dogon lokaci da farin ke da shi a kan nau'ikan halittun da ke rayuwa a kansa don tsira. A [[California]], kokarin kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari a can ya hada da adana ruwa lokacin da zai yuwu. Ana yin kiyayewar ruwa ne domin rukunonin tsuntsaye masu kaura (National Wildlife Refuge; Maris, 1, 2016). Hukumar kula da mazaunan kariya ta kasa kuma tana shiga cikin harkar yankan ciyawa, huda kasa, feshin magani da kone-kone masu sarrafawa. Ana daukar wadannan matakan ne a kokarin hana tsirrai tsinannu da ba na asalin wurin ba girma; irin wannan tsirrai yawanci suna girma fiye da na asalin wurin lokacin fari. Don haka, barin tsirrai na asali su tsira lokacin fari yana jagorantar nau'ikan halittu masu dogaro su nemi abinci a kan tsirran da ke akwai. An zartar da dokar tsaftace ruwa domin kare ruwan Amurka daga gurbacewa. Kodayake dokar ba ta kare dukkan ruwaye ba, tana kare gungun ruwaye da yawa. Lokacin da mazaunan kariya daga fari suka gurbace, suna zama mafi girman hadari ga nau'ikan halittu masu zaune a ciki. Dokar tsaftace ruwa mataki daya ne kawai na tsaftace ruwaye, da ceton mazaunan kariya daga fari "(The Clean Water Rule; National Wildlife Organization)." Barazana mai ci gaba ga kiyaye mazaunin kariya daga fari sun hada da; taruwar yashi, pumping din ruwan rami, da rashin tsarin ruwan, ba ya kusa da kowane sauran gungun ruwaye. Wadannan ba shakka suna haifar da yanayi inda ake samun raguwa mai tsanani a wadatar ruwa. Yayin da wadatar ruwa ke raguwa, yana kara damar mace-mace ga nau'ikan halittu masu dogaro. <ref name=Kath1a /> Rumbunan ruwan karkashin kasa (groundwater aquifers) suna tallafawa mazaunan kariya daga fari ga tsarin halittu masu dogaro da ruwa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Gurbacewa da hakar ruwan karkashin kasa fiye da kima duka suna da matsala saboda yana rage ikonsa na tallafawa mazaunan kariya daga fari da ake samarwa ta ruwan karkashin kasa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Hakar ruwa fiye da kima yana rage matakin ruwan karkashin kasa (water table) sannan yana lalata tsarin halittu masu dogaro da ruwa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Hakar ruwa fiye da kima galibi yana faruwa ne a wuraren da ke da karancin ruwan saman kasa da fari na akai-akai; inda mazaunan kariya na ruwan karkashin kasa da refugia suka fi mahimmanci.<ref name=Magoulick4a /> Hargitsi da bil'adama ya kera na iya yin koyi da tasirin fari, kamar janye ruwa, da madatsun ruwa.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Gyare-gyaren hanyoyin ruwa da bil'adama ya kera suna yi wa yankin hyporheic barazana a matsayin mazaunin kariya. <ref name=Kath1a /> Gishirin ruwan karkashin kasa (groundwater salinization) yana rage kaddarorin kariya. Share tsirrai, tare da ban ruwa (irrigation), yana haifar da manyan matsaloli. Ban ruwa yana kara matakin ruwan karkashin kasa sannan yana motsa gishiri, kuma share tsirrai yana ba shi damar saduwa da mazaunan ruwa da tsirrai. Wannan yana damun nau'ikan halittun da ba su saba da babban gishiri ba. Babban matakin gishiri yana rage shan ruwa a cikin shuke-shuke, ta hanyar haifar da rufe stomata, yana rage tsarin photosynthesis. Dajika suna fuskantar raguwa a wuraren da ke da babban gishiri da kananan zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa saboda wadannan yanayi suna sanya su kasance masu saukin shafa ga fari. Dajika suna fuskantar raguwa a wuraren da ke da babban gishiri da kananan zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa wanda ke sanya su kasance masu saukin shafa ga fari. <ref name=Chester2 /> Akwai bukatar kara mayar da hankali kan kokarin kiyayewa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Ilimi game da ayyukan mazaunan kariya yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar rawar da suke takawa wajen kiyaye rarrabuwar halittu, musamman nau'ikan halittu masu saurin shafa da yanayi.<ref name=Chester2 /> Musamman a yankunan da sauyin yanayi ke kara yawan mako da tsawon lokutan fari.<ref name=Pires3a /> Don kiyaye nau'ikan halittu da ke fuskantar matsanancin yanayi mafi kyau, ya zama dole a gano yanayin da ke 'tunan' nau'ikan halittu, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, gano wuraren mazaunan kariya da daidaikun halittu ke komawa gare su.<ref name=Chester2 /> Magudanun ruwa masu gudana dindindin da tafkuna na dindindin na iya kasancewa da matukar mahimmanci don dorewar rarrabuwar halittu a cikin sassan mazaunan magudanun ruwa masu tsarin kwarara mafi bushewa.<ref name=Bateman1 /> Babban jaddadawa na kariya ta mazaunin kariya daga fari ya kamata ya kasance a kan kare ruwan saman kasa na dindindin da gefen iyakokin zama a cikin wancan fili.<ref name=Robson5 /> Hanyoyin kiyayewa ga tsarin koguna za su bukaci mayar da hankali kan ganowa da kiyaye mazaunan kariya tare da dorewar alakar mazaunan kariya, rage tasirin sauran hargitsi a kan wadannan tsarin, da kuma dorewar tsarin kwararar kakar shekara da za a iya hangowa. <ref name=Robson5 /> Sakin ruwa daga madatsun ruwa na samar da wutar lantarki (hydroelectricity reservoirs) za a iya amfani da shi don rage zafin ruwan kogi ko sake cika sassan kwarara na dindindin da da, ta haka za a kera mazaunan kariya ga halittun kogi.<ref name=Stubbington5a /> Haka kuma, mayar da hankali kan dorewar ingancin ruwan karkashin kasa ya fi amfani fiye da mayar da hankali kan albarkatun ruwan saman kasa.<ref name=Kath1a /> Sake dasa bishiyoyi na iya rage gurbacewar ruwa a karkashin kasa da na saman kasa, wanda ke amfanar rarrabuwar halittu.<ref name="Robson5" /> Akwai karuwar shaida cewa mazaunan da bil'adama ya kera, kamar madatsun ruwa na kanawa, ramuka, da tafkunan gona na iya tallafawa rarrabuwar halittun ruwa mai dadi, saboda haka, suna da damar samar da mazaunan kariya.<ref name="Parkos2a" /> Suna iya hana manyan kwayoyin halitta, kamar kifi, daga makalewa yayin da matakan ruwa ke raguwa.<ref name="Robson5" /> Yayin da adana mazaunan kariya ke da mahimmanci don samar da hanyoyin sake mamaye yanki, bai wadatar ba idan halittun da ke son sake mamayewa ba za su iya tashi daga mazaunin kariyar zuwa sassan mazauni masu dacewa da sake mamaye yankin ba. Akasin haka, inda gudanar da nau'ikan halittu masu barna ya zama dole, sarrafa su a cikin mazaunansu na kariya daga fari lokacin fari na iya kasancewa mafi tasiri ga kudin gudanarwa fiye da sarrafawa na babban siri a sauran lokuta. Misali guda na wannan shi ne sarrafa zomaye a busassun yankuna da na kusa da busassun yankuna na Ostareliya.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Berman, D. |year=2008 |title=Control of rabbits in arid Australia: destroying the drought refuge. |journal=In: Proceedings of the 14th Australasian Vertebrate Pest Conference, 10–13 June 2008, Canberra |page=153 |url=http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1405/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |archive-date=24 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324141259/http://era.deedi.qld.gov.au/1405/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} rlfn0xtj3ajusvxnwhxgv7kvo46dn32 0 160507 966894 877883 2026-10-12T17:52:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966894 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''KB Brookins''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1995) marubuci ne kuma mawaki na Black American. Brookins an ba shi lambar yabo ta kasa ta 2023 don Kyautar Rubuce-rubucen Rubuce na Ayyuka kuma shine marubucin tarin shayari Yadda za a gano kanka tare da Raunin da Freedom House da kuma tarihin Pretty: A Memoir, wanda ya lashe Lambda Literary Award na 2025 don Transgender Nonfiction . <ref name="LammyWinners2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-10-04 |title=Announcing the Winners of the 2025 Lammy Awards |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/2025/10/announcing-the-winners-of-the-2025-lammy-awards/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Brookins kuma ta girma a [[Fort Worth, Texas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=KB (Brookins) |url=https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2022019800.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=id.loc.gov |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Sun sami BA daga Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas a shekarar 2017 sannan daga baya suka kammala MFA a Jami'ar Texas an Austin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |date=2023-05-10 |title=KB Brookins: How It Started ... How It's Going |url=https://magazine.tcu.edu/summer-2023/kb-brookins-identify-yourself-wound/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=TCU Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Rubutun Brookins ya haɗa da shayari da ƙididdigar ƙira. Ayyukansu sun bayyana a wuraren da suka hada da Poetry, ''Kenyon Review'', The Cincinnati Review, Electric Literature, da kuma jerin ''Waƙoƙi'' waka na Amurka.<ref name="PoetryMagazine">{{Cite web |date=March 2023 |title=March 2023 |url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/issue/159596/march-2023 |website=[[Poetry (magazine)|Poetry Magazine]] |publisher=[[Poetry Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KB Brookins {{!}} Kenyon Review Author |url=https://kenyonreview.org/contributor/kb-brookins/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Kenyon Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-03 |title=miCRo: "What's on your mind, KB?" by KB Brookins - The Cincinnati Review |url=https://www.cincinnatireview.com/micro/micro-whats-on-your-mind-kb-by-kb-brookins/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=The Cincinnati Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juarez |first=Alex |date=2022-05-02 |title=My Gender Won't Fit in the Family Car |url=https://electricliterature.com/two-poems-by-kb/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Poets |first=Academy of American |title=Good Grief by KB Brookins - Poems {{!}} Academy of American Poets |url=https://poets.org/poem/good-grief |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Poets.org |language=en}}</ref> Freedom House yana bincika jigogi ciki har da launin fata, asalin jinsi, da gentrification.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Chaney |date=2023-04-12 |title=“Freedom House” Imagines a House for All |url=https://southernreviewofbooks.com/2023/04/12/freedom-house-kb-brookins-review/ |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Southern Review of Books |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: KB Brookins's FREEDOM HOUSE as Manifesto |url=https://www.honeyliterary.com/stickyfingers/brookinss-freedom-house-as-manifesto |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Honey Literary |language=en-US}}</ref> <nowiki><i id="mwTw">Vogue</i></nowiki> ya bayyana tarin a gwagwalada matsayin gaggawa yayin da yake riƙe da sarari don ƙaddamar da kai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=The Best New Poetry Collections to Read (or Preorder) Now |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/the-best-new-poetry-collections-to-read-or-preorder-now-2023 |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Littafin ya lashe lambar yabo ta Stonewall Book Award ta 2024 (Barbara Gittings Literature Award). <ref name="Stonewall2024">{{Cite web |last=RAGARCIA |date=2024-02-05 |title="Freedom House" wins 2024 Stonewall Barbara Gittings Literature Award |url=https://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2024/02/freedom-house-wins-2024-stonewall-barbara-gittings-literature-award |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=American Library Association |language=en}}</ref> === ''Kyakkyawan: Abin Tunawa'' === Brookins ya gwagwalada fara rubuta Pretty: A Memoir bayan neman rubuce-rubucen transmasculine a lokacin sauye-sauyen likita da kuma gano ayyukan da mutane masu launi suka yi. Sun yanke shawarar rubuta game da kwarewarsu da na wasu mutanen da suka yi magana da su, kuma daga baya sun gyara waɗannan rubutun don bugawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Belc |first=Krys Malcolm |date=June 14, 2024 |title=An Interview with KB Brookins, Author of Pretty |url=https://splitlipthemag.com/interviews/0624/interview-with-kb-brookins |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=Split Lip Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Littafin ya hada da rubutu da waka. Littafin ya bincika yarantakar Brookins da ƙuruciya, yana rufe dangantakarsu da kasancewa, addini, kiɗa, jima'i, nuna jinsi, launin fata, da kuma nuna bambanci.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pretty: A Memoir by KB Brookins |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780593537145 |access-date=2025-08-19 |website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Pretty: A Memoir ya lashe lambar yabo ta GLCA New Writers Award a cikin Creative Nonfiction . <ref name="GLCANWA2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-01-02 |title=GLCA Announces Winner of 2025 New Writers Award |url=https://www.glca.org/glca-announces-winner-of-2024-new-writers-award-2/ |access-date=2026-03-01 |website=Great Lakes Colleges Association |language=en-US}}</ref> Pretty kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Lambda Literary Award na 2025 don Transgender Nonfiction . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 Winners |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/awards/2025-winners/ |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=[[Lambda Literary]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Brookins ba binary ba ne kuma yana gwagwalada amfani da sunayen ''su / su''.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == === Littattafai === * Kyakkyawan: A Memoir (Alfred A. Knopf, 2024). <nowiki>ISBN 9780593537145</nowiki>.<ref name="PRHPretty">{{Cite web |title=Pretty by KB Brookins: 9780593537145 |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/724994/pretty-by-kb-brookins/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * Freedom House (Deep Vellum, 2023). <nowiki>ISBN 9781646052639</nowiki>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom House |url=https://store.deepvellum.org/products/freedom-house |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Deep Vellum |language=en}}</ref> * ''Yadda za a gane kanka da rauni'' (Kallisto Gaia Press, 2022). <nowiki>ISBN 9781952224133</nowiki> .<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Identify Yourself with a Wound |url=https://www.kallistogaiapress.org/product/how-to-identify-yourself-with-a-wound/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Kallisto Gaia Press}}</ref> === Waƙoƙin da aka zaɓa === * "Mai warkarwa na ya kira shi yanayin fidda gwani" (Poetry, Maris 2023). <ref name="PoetryMagazine"/> * "Notes Bayan Kula da Inauguration" (''Waƙoƙi'', Maris 2023). <ref name="PoetryMagazine" /> * "Snake Plant" (''Waƙoƙi'', Maris 2023). <ref name="PoetryMagazine" /> * "T Shot #9: Ode to my Sharps Container" (''Waƙoƙi'', Maris 2023). <ref name="PoetryMagazine" /> * "Remix #2" (''Kenyon Review'', 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |title=KB Brookins {{!}} Kenyon Review Author |url=https://kenyonreview.org/contributor/kb-brookins/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=The Kenyon Review |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Mene ne akan tunaninka, KB?" (The Cincinnati Review, 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-03 |title=miCRo: "What's on your mind, KB?" by KB Brookins - The Cincinnati Review |url=https://www.cincinnatireview.com/micro/micro-whats-on-your-mind-kb-by-kb-brookins/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=The Cincinnati Review |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Love Machine" (Rarraba Wannan Dutse, 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Machine {{!}} Poetry Database {{!}} Split This Rock |url=https://www.splitthisrock.org/poetry-database/poem/love-machine |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Split This Rock |language=en}}</ref> * "Good Grief" (Academy of American Poets, 2022). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Poets |first=Academy of American |title=Good Grief by KB Brookins - Poems {{!}} Academy of American Poets |url=https://poets.org/poem/good-grief |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Poets.org |language=en}}</ref> === Rubuce-rubuce === * "KB Brookins a kan 'T Shot #4'" (Society of Poetry of America, 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |title=KB Brookins on "T Shot #4" |url=https://poetrysociety.org/poems-essays/in-their-own-words/kb-brookins-on-t-shot-4 |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Poetry Society of America |language=en}}</ref> * "Freedom House: A Sonic Bibliography" (''Oxford American'', 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom House: A Sonic Bibliography |url=https://oxfordamerican.org/web-only/freedom-house-kb-brookins-playlist |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Oxford American |language=en}}</ref> * "An sa ido kan mutanen Trans Texans, Wannan Matsalar Kowa ne" (Autostraddle, 2022). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brookins |first=K. B. |date=2022-12-21 |title=Trans Texans Are Being Surveilled, This Is Everyone's Issue |url=https://www.autostraddle.com/trans-texans-are-being-surveilled-this-is-everyones-issue/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Autostraddle |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Yadda Kendrick Lamar ya yi tuntuɓe zuwa ga Queer da Trans Allyship a kan 'Auntie Diaries'" (Okayplayer, 2022). <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Kendrick Lamar Stumbles Toward Queer And Trans Allyship On "Auntie Diaries" - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayplayer.com/originals/kendrick-lamar-auntie-diaries-review.html |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Okayplayer |language=en}}</ref> * "Wannan shine Abin da yake Kamar Kasancewa ga Gynecologist Lokacin da kake Black, Trans da Texas" (HuffPost, 2022). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-03 |title=This Is What It's Like Going To The Gynecologist When You're Black, Trans And In Texas |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/black-trans-texas-abortion-gynecologist_n_61f7fe58e4b04f9a12c06a7a |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> * "Me ya sa Fitowa zuwa Iyalina Ba a cikin Hotuna na Holiday To-Do List" (Teen Vogue, 2021). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Why I Won't Be Coming Out to My Family During the Holidays |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/why-coming-out-to-my-family-isnt-on-my-holiday-to-do-list |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=Teen Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> === Zines === * ''Babu wani abu da ya haifar da mutuwarsu.'' (Winter Storm Project, 2023). <nowiki>ISBN 9798218222475</nowiki> * ''Sabon Dangantaka da Ciwo'' (LibroMobile, 2021). <ref>{{Cite web |title=A new relationship to pain : poems |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1296956995 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=WorldCat |language=en}}</ref> * A cikin Wani Rayuwa (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |title=zines |url=https://earthtokb.com/zines |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=KB Brookins |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Hotunan zane-zane === * Freedom House: Nunin (2024). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Carys |date=2024-04-05 |title=The Off Beat: KB Brookins' Poetry Book-Turned-Art Exhibit |url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/columns/2024-04-05/the-off-beat-kb-brookins-poetry-book-turned-art-exhibit/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=The Austin Chronicle |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da zumunci == * 2018 Lambda Literary Foundation Writer's Retreat for Emerging LGBTQ Voices Fellow (waƙoƙi). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nia KB |url=https://lambdaliterary.org/faculty_and_fellows/nia-kb/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=Lambda Literary |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322122843/https://lambdaliterary.org/faculty_and_fellows/nia-kb/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2021 PEN America Emerging Voices Fellow (waƙoƙi). <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Emerging Voices Fellows and Mentors |url=https://pen.org/2021-emerging-voices-fellows-mentors/ |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=PEN America}}</ref> * 2022 Kwalejin Waƙoƙin Amurka mai karɓar Kyautar Ayyukan Yanayi Treehouse . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Treehouse Climate Action Poem Prize |url=https://poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/treehouse-climate-action-poem-prize |website=Academy of American Poets}}</ref> * 2023 National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellow . * 2024 Stonewall Book Award (Barbara Gittings Literature Award). <ref name="Stonewall2024"/> * 2025 Lambda Literary Award a cikin Transgender Nonfiction . <ref name="LammyWinners2025"/> * 2025 Kyautar Sabbin Marubutan GLCA a cikin Creative Nonfiction.<ref name="GLCANWA2025"/> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://earthtokb.com/}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hcrv5cynllhms6f2sfnp75y8aa773le 0 161736 966938 897179 2026-10-12T19:48:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kaleb Elarms-Orr''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Buffalo Bills na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga California Golden Bears da TCU Horned Frogs kuma Bills ne suka zaba shi a zagaye na huɗu na shirin NFL na 2026. == Rayuwa ta farko == Elarms-Orr ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Katolika ta Moreau a Hayward, California . An kiyasta shi a matsayin mai daukar nauyin taurari huɗu, na 17th gabaɗaya, kuma na 18th gabaɗayyar a California a cikin aji na 2021 ta 247Sports. Ya kuma gudanar da tayin daga makarantu kamar Arizona, Jihar Boise, California, Colorado, Jihar Fresno, Kansas, da Jihar San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spears |first=Justin |date=22 June 2020 |title=4-star edge rusher Kaleb Elarms-Orr includes Arizona in final list of schools |url=https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/football/article_0e8a3cfe-b4ea-11ea-9ce0-f77170aaac8b.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Arizona Daily Star}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe, Elarms-Orr ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga California Golden Bears . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Curtis |first=Jake |date=3 October 2020 |title=A Fifth Bay Area Product Commits to Cal -- DE-LB Kaleb Elarms-Orr |url=https://www.si.com/college/cal/news/bay-area-commit-elarms-orr |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=California Golden Bears on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === California === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a 2021, Elarms-Orr bai taka leda a kowane wasa ba saboda raunin ACL.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenny |first=Jane |title=Power in patience: Kaleb Elarms-Orr takes the big stage |url=https://www.dailycal.org/archives/power-in-patience-kaleb-elarms-orr-takes-the-big-stage/article_07ca3c2a-d705-5642-9461-7fa0e46bf9fc.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=The Daily Californian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717212318/https://www.dailycal.org/archives/power-in-patience-kaleb-elarms-orr-takes-the-big-stage/article_07ca3c2a-d705-5642-9461-7fa0e46bf9fc.html |archive-date=17 July 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2022, ya bayyana a wasanni goma a kungiyoyi na musamman, inda bai yi rikodin wani tackles ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faraudo |first=Jeff |date=6 October 2023 |title=Cal Bears linebacker Elarms-Orr hungry for tackles and experience: ‘I’m striving to be the best’ |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/10/06/cal-bears-linebacker-elarms-orr-hungry-for-tackles-and-experience-im-striving-to-be-the-best/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=The Mercury News}}</ref> A lokacin kakar 2023, Elarms-Orr ya rubuta 92 tackles tare da uku da rabi kasancewa don asarar da tsayarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Steven |title=This transfer linebacker could be the key to TCU’s defensive improvement |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/college/big-12/texas-christian-university/article287305525.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> Bayan kammala kakar 2023, ya shigar da sunansa cikin tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Jackson |title=Cal ILB Kaleb Elarms-Orr entering Transfer Portal |url=https://247sports.com/Article/kaleb-elarms-orr-transfer-portal-cal-football-ilb-inside-linebacker-entering-transfer-portal-221959373/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=247Sports}}</ref> === TCU === Elarms-Orr ya sauya don buga wa TCU Horned Frogs . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Curtis |first=Jake |title=Cal Transfer LB Kaleb Elarms-Orr Commits to TCU |url=https://www.si.com/college/cal/news/elarms-orr-commits-to-tcu |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=California Golden Bears on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya yi rikodin 54 tackles da sacks biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Steven |title=2025 TCU football preview: Do the Horned Frogs have the best linebacker duo in the Big 12? |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/college/big-12/texas-christian-university/article311512272.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> A cikin mako na 8 na kakar 2025, an kira Elarms-Orr Babban Mai Tsaro na 12 na mako bayan ya kai 16 tackles a cikin nasara a kan Baylor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nepetian |first=Ian |title=TCU Linebacker Named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Week |url=https://www.si.com/college/tcu/football/tcu-linebacker-named-big-12-defensive-player-of-the-week-01k81ec3dg89 |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=TCU Horned Frogs on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 9, ya yi rikodin 16 tackles a kan West Virginia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nepetian |first=Ian |title=Does TCU Have the Best Linebacker in the Big 12? |url=https://www.si.com/college/tcu/football/does-tcu-have--best-linebacker-in-big-12-01kask7bxf5j |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=TCU Horned Frogs on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 13, Elarms-Orr ya yi nasara 15 a cikin nasara da aka yi da Houston Cougars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Steven |title=Why this TCU football player deserves to be an All-American |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/college/big-12/texas-christian-university/article313431077.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> Don aikinsa a lokacin kakar 2025, an kira shi na farko-Big 12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Steven |title=Which TCU football players earned All-Big 12 honors? |url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/college/big-12/texas-christian-university/article313401147.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Fort Worth Star-Telegram}}</ref> Ya kuma karɓi gayyatar shiga cikin Babban Bowl na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodges |first=Russell |title=Football: TCU LB Kaleb Elarms-Orr accepts invitation to 2026 Senior Bowl |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/football-tcu-lb-kaleb-elarms-201111465.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Yahoo Sports |archive-date=12 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112010113/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/football-tcu-lb-kaleb-elarms-201111465.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Elarms-Orr ya rufe aikinsa na kwaleji tare da 11 tackles a cikin nasarar da TCU ta samu a kan USC a cikin Alamo Bowl . An kira shi MVP mai tsaron gida na wasan. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft}}Buffalo Bills ne suka zaba Elarms-Orr a zagaye na huɗu tare da zabin 126 na shirin NFL na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Alec |date=April 25, 2026 |title='I take a lot of pride in tackling' 3 things to know about Bills NFL Draft pick LB Kaleb Elarms-Orr |url=https://www.buffalobills.com/news/i-take-a-lot-of-pride-in-tackling-3-things-to-know-about-bills-2026-nfl-draft-pick-lb-kaleb-elarms-orr |access-date=27 April 2026 |website=BuffaloBills.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://buffalonews.com/sports/professional/nfl/bills/article_eb6de20f-fb81-4ead-90f4-e3835e89a461.html|title=Shaped by his mother, rookie Kaleb Elarms-Orr is an 'arrow-up player' for the Bills|date=May 24, 2026|agency=''[[The Buffalo News]]''|author=Fitzgerald, Katherine|accessdate=May 24, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260524122109/https://buffalonews.com/sports/professional/nfl/bills/article_eb6de20f-fb81-4ead-90f4-e3835e89a461.html|archivedate=May 24, 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.buffalobills.com/team/players-roster/kaleb-elarms-orr/ Rayuwar Buffalo Bills] * [https://calbears.com/sports/football/roster/kaleb-elarms-orr/22389 California Golden Bears bio] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/kaleb-elarmsorr/17394 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] fn2smtbock6g2812rg8mvzhfo4gxgkv 0 161999 966804 938923 2026-10-12T12:38:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jhamon Ausbon''' tsohon mai karɓar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ne na kasar Amurka. Ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Texas A&amp;amp;M . == Tarihin Rayuwar shi. == An haifi Ausbon a [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] . Ya tafi makarantar sakandare a IMG Academy a [[Florida]], ana kiransa Under-Armour All-American bayan ya taimaka wa tawagarsa ta cimma rikodin da ba a ci nasara ba.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Jhamon Ausbon - Football |url=https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/jhamon-ausbon/7200 |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Texas A&M Athletics - 12thMan.com}}</ref> An lasafta shi a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin 20 a cikin ƙasa bayan babban lokacinsa.<ref name="auto" /> Ausbon ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Texas A&amp;amp;M . Ya taka leda a matsayin sabon dan wasa na gaskiya, yana janyewa a cikin 50 passes don 571 yadudduka da 3 touchdowns. A kan New Mexico da Wake Forest ya rubuta wasanni na 100-yadi, tare da kama 7 don yadudduka 105 a kan New Mexico kazalika da yadudduka 112 a kan 12 receptions a kan Wake Forest. An sanya masa suna a cikin ƙungiyar All-SEC freshmen bayan kakar.<ref name="auto"/> Ya fara wasanni tara daga cikin uku a kakar wasa ta biyu, ya rasa hudu saboda rauni. Ya yi rikodin liyafa 31 don yadudduka 375 a cikin kakar, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta Offensive Attitude, lambar yabo ta Ofensive Skill Blocker da kuma lambar yabo ta Strength and Conditioning Offensive Aggie a bikin shekara-shekara na tawagar.<ref name="auto" /> A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa, Ausbon ya fara dukkan wasanni 13, kuma ya tara 66 don yadudduka 872, yana jagorantar tawagar. Ya kuma zira kwallaye biyar a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar. A kan Lamar da Auburn ya rubuta wasanni na 100-yadi, kuma ya zira kwallaye sau ɗaya a kan Lamar. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Jagoranci da Ƙarfin Ƙarfin a bikin shekara-shekara na ƙungiyar.<ref name="auto"/> Ya fice a kakar 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Underwood |first=Hannah |date=September 13, 2020 |title=Texas A&M WR Jhamon Ausbon opts out of 2020 season to prepare for NFL draft |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/sports/texas-am-aggies/2020/09/13/texas-am-wr-jhamon-ausbon-opts-out-of-2020-season-to-prepare-for-nfl-draft/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Dallas News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cessna |first=Robert |date=September 13, 2020 |title=Texas A&M's Jhamon Ausbon to sit out season |url=https://theeagle.com/sports/texas-a-ms-jhamon-ausbon-to-sit-out-season/article_eb012556-f605-11ea-a550-6f9ac2fc3273.html |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=The Eagle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cessna |first=Robert |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Cessna: Jhamon Ausbon's decision to opt-out a head-scratching one |url=https://theeagle.com/sports/cessna-jhamon-ausbons-decision-to-opt-out-a-head-scratching-one/article_a8e83a28-f719-11ea-9de6-e373264c36c8.html |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=The Eagle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628202510/https://theeagle.com/sports/cessna-jhamon-ausbons-decision-to-opt-out-a-head-scratching-one/article_a8e83a28-f719-11ea-9de6-e373264c36c8.html |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zwerneman |first=Brent |date=September 10, 2020 |title=Senior leader Jhamon Ausbon's status suddenly a mystery at Texas A&M |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/Jhamon-Ausbon-status-mystery-Aggies-15557893.php |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Houston Chronicle}}</ref> Ya bayyana don shirin NFL a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavenhagen |first=Casey |date=April 26, 2021 |title=Texas A&M wide receiver Jhamon Ausbon looks to upcoming NFL Draft |url=http://www.thebatt.com/sports/texas-a-m-wide-receiver-jhamon-ausbon-looks-to-upcoming-nfl-draft/article_28da3fda-a6db-11eb-8546-134df69d9efd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630113421/http://www.thebatt.com/sports/texas-a-m-wide-receiver-jhamon-ausbon-looks-to-upcoming-nfl-draft/article_28da3fda-a6db-11eb-8546-134df69d9efd.html |archive-date=June 30, 2021 |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=The Battalion}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zwerneman |first=Brent |date=March 30, 2021 |title=Jhamon Ausbon reflects on opting out of final A&M season |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/Jhamon-Ausbon-reflects-on-opting-our-of-final-A-M-16065281.php |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Houston Chronicle}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == Bayan ya tafi ba a zaba shi ba a cikin shirin NFL na Shekaran 2021, Ausbon ya sanya hannu a matsayin mai ba da kyauta tare da Philadelphia Eagles . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erby |first=Glenn |date=May 1, 2021 |title=Texas A&M WR Jhamon Ausbon signing UDFA deal with the Eagles |url=https://theeagleswire.usatoday.com/2021/05/01/philadelphia-eagles-sign-jhamon-ausbon-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-draft/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Eagles Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> Eagles sun dakatar da shi a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erby |first=Glenn |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Philadelphia Eagles waive UDFA WR Jhamon Ausbon |url=https://theeagleswire.usatoday.com/2021/08/22/philadelphia-eagles-waive-jhamon-ausbon-nfl-roster-cuts/ |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=Eagles Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://12thman.com/sports/football/roster/jhamon-ausbon/7200 Texas A&M Aggies bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] s917itb5u4lc3r3q67zxcbk372i8csu 4 165292 966928 913577 2026-10-12T18:30:43Z Hausa Wikimedians User Group 13974 Update application statuses 966928 json application/json { "u23412": { "username": "Abdurra'uf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need this data support as it assists me in terms of giving the necessary contribution to Wikipedia, and the wikimedia foundation at large. It will be of great assistance if the application is considered. Thank you." }, "u23935": { "username": "Ummun Sultan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin ya bani damar samun kuɗin da zan sanya Data domin na cigaba da kuma ruɓanya yawan editing da nakeyi a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma ƴan'uwanta, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai wajen bunƙasa gudunmawar da nake badawa a shafukan Wikipedia" }, "u45048": { "username": "Najeebyusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina so nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na samu na shiga wannan gasar, don na kara samu damar yin aiki na sosai saboda ina matukar bukatar gudummuwa.\nHaka kuma samun tall tallafin intanet zai bamu damar yin aiki a kan kari duba da yanayin tsadar data da muke fama da ita.nagode" }, "u25549": { "username": "Pharouqenr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina son wannan tallafin ne domin in samu damar ci gaba da aikina a matsayin Administrator da Editan Wikipedia. Tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun data da zan yi amfani da ita wajen gyara da ƙirƙirar shafukan Wikipedia, bibiyar gyare-gyare, taimaka wa sabbin editoci, da kuma gudanar da ayyukan Wikimedia." }, "u14848": { "username": "Zahrah0", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a hausa Wikipedia wajen kirkiran muƙala, editing article.kuma Nima in Kara ilimi saboda Wikipedia wajene da Ko meye kake nema in kaje wajen zaka samu" }, "u21267": { "username": "Abduldesigns", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen samun data da zan yi amfani da ita wajen ci gaba da ruɓanya gudunmawar da nake bayarwa a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran ayyukan Wikimedia. Zai ba ni damar yin ƙarin editing, bincike da kuma inganta bayanai domin masu amfani da Wikipedia Hausa." }, "u41082": { "username": "Hussey833", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need this support in order to continue to give all my possibke best without having challenge in data and other things that will allow me to contribute very well.its also makes me be able to appreciate and contribute without any financila issue to do shortage of sometime i need to pay for my phone charge so i think this will helps alot" }, "u21046": { "username": "Dev ammar", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina Neman wannan tallafin ne domin samun saukin siyan Data wajen bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia. Kasancewar Ina Amfani da Computer wajen edit kuma Tana Shan data sosai , kuma data Tayi tsada sosai yanzu. \n\nNa bada gudummuwa sosai a watannin da suka gabata sakamakon tallafin da na samu, kuma Ina fatan wannan watan ma Na qara himma wajen bada gudummuwa a Wikipedia." }, "u15878": { "username": "Muhammad Idriss Criteria", "state": "Yobe", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I am requesting this data support to help me continue making meaningful contributions to Hausa Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects. The support will help me access the internet for researching, creating, translating, and improving articles, as well as participating in Wikimedia community activities. I will use the data support specifically to support my Wikimedia contributions and help improve the availability of quality knowledge in the Hausa language. Thank you for considering my request." }, "u38856": { "username": "Baby juuu", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun kuɗin Data da zan yi amfani da shi wajen ci gaba da yawan editing da nake yi a Hausa Wikipedia da sauran shafukan Wikimedia. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen ci gaba da gyara, ƙara da inganta bayanai, fassara abubuwa zuwa Hausa, da kuma bayar da gudunmawa ga bunƙasa Hausa Wikipedia. Hakan zai ba ni damar kasancewa cikin ayyukan Wikipedia akai-akai tare da ƙara yawan gudunmawar da nake bayarwa ga al’ummar masu amfani da Hausa." }, "u46931": { "username": "Mustapha Isah Namadee", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ni sabon mai bada gudummawa ne Hausa Wikipedia, haƙiƙa wannan tallafi na gudummawar data zai ƙara mani ƙwarin guiwa sosai. Kamar yadda na fara aiki mai inganci, wannan tallafi na gudummawar data zai ƙara mani karsashi sosai wajen ci gaba da ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli da kuma ƙara inganta muƙalolin da suka gabata" }, "u32668": { "username": "Muhdavdullahi", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina Neman wannan tallafi na data support domin hakan zai qaraman qwarin gwiwa gurin kirkira da kuma inganta muqaloli batare da fargabar qarewar data ba. Kuma rashin samun wannan tallafi bazai hanani ba cigaba da bada gudummuwa a wannan manhaja ta Wikipedia hausa" }, "u45571": { "username": "Rahama Buhari Sani", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin ya bani damar samun kuɗin da zan sanya Data domin na cigaba da kirkiran mukaloli da nakeyi a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma ƴan'uwanta, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai wajen bunƙasa gudunmawar da nake badawa a shafukan Wikipedia" }, "u9880": { "username": "Galdiz", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Wannan tallafi yana taimakawa editoci sosai saboda wani lokaci kanaso kayi edit a shafin Wikipedia amma rashin data saiya hanaka musamman mu dalibai yakan taimaka mana. Allah ya taimake mu da masu daukan wannan nauyi gaba daya. AMEEEN" }, "u24783": { "username": "Abubakar Kaddi", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Wannan tallafi yana taimaka min sosai wajen cigaba da bada gudunmawa a gyara da fassara makalolin Wikipedia, hakika idan na samu wannan tallafin nasan zai kara bani damar na cigaba da yin editing ɗin ku lokuta da dama, domin wani lokacin rashin data ɗin ma sai ya hana mutum editing, ina fatan zan same shi" }, "u24821": { "username": "Ashiru Lawal", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Application for Data Support – Wikipedia Editor\n\nDear Sir/Madam,\n\nI am writing to apply for the Data Support role as a Wikipedia Editor. I am interested in contributing accurate, well-researched, and reliable information to Wikipedia. I have strong attention to detail and a keen interest in research, data management, content editing, and ensuring information is properly presented and referenced.\n\nI would be grateful for the opportunity to contribute my skills and learn more through this role." }, "u44560": { "username": "Mai Jiddah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin ya bani damar samun kuɗin da zan sanya Data domin na cigaba da kuma ruɓanya yawan editing da nakeyi a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma ƴan'uwanta, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai wajen bunƙasa gudunmawar da nake badawa a shafukan Wikipedia" }, "u15405": { "username": "IB Muazzam", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi na Intanet data ne saboda samun karin kwarin guiwa wajen bada gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary da sauran shafikan hausa wikimedians. Samun tallafin zai bani damar cigaba da aiyuka yadda ya kamata." }, "u46263": { "username": "Young ibskeed", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina so nayi amfani da wannan damar domin na samu na shiga wannan gasar, don na kara samu damar yin aiki na sosai saboda ina matukar bukatar gudummuwa. Haka kuma samun tall tallafin intanet zai bamu damar yin aiki a kan kari duba da yanayin tsadar data da muke fama da ita.nagode" }, "u19064": { "username": "Mansir Yusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Zanyi amfani da wannan damar wajan kara inganta Editing dina, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka Mani wajan siyan data domin tabbatar da ingancin editing dina.\nKuma hakkah zai bani damar dagewa wajan yin aiki tukuri." }, "u39275": { "username": "Sardeeq", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I would definitely love to be part of those editors who get this support. Getting the data support would make me feel motivated and also ginger me to keep creating and editing articles as usual. Thank you." }, "u45910": { "username": "Drseeyah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Tallafin data Support ɗin nan ina da tabbacin zai taimaka min sosai saboda zan siyi data na rinkayin gyararrakin a lokuta sosai, gaskiya idan na samu tallafin nan zanji dadin shi sosai kuma zaisa na kara dagewa sosai" }, "u30485": { "username": "Aluja", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Assalam, ina mai neman wannan tallafi na data domin ƙara bunkasa harkokina na bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Ina fatan wannan karon masu ruwa da tsaki za su duba mu a sakamakon mun nema a karon baya amma duk bamu samu ba. Allah ya bamu nasara." }, "u24854": { "username": "Nura Bello", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin samun damar kuɗin da zan sanya Data domin na cigaba da kuma ruɓanya yawan editing da nakeyi a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma ƴan'uwanta, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai wajen bunƙasa gudunmawar da nake badawa a shafukan Wikipedia" }, "u37975": { "username": "Amadee619", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Zanyi amfani da wannan dama gurin neman tallafin data support domin hakan zaiban dama gurin cigaba da kirkirar muqalu da inganta muqalun dake buqatar gyara batare da fargabar yankewar data \nRashin shiga cikin tsarin bazai hanani cigaba da bada gudummuwata ba a wikipediya" }, "u47435": { "username": "Baffa ali", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan data support ne saboda ya karamin kwarin guiwa da kuma bunkasa gudummawata a shafin Hausa Wikipedia, domin hakan yana daga cikin abinda yake kara mana kwarin guiwa mu sabbin editotci." }, "u28180": { "username": "Staralliy", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need data support to enable me to research, edit, and upload quality content on Hausa Wikipedia consistently. Reliable internet access is essential for tasks such as fact-checking sources, uploading images, participating in edit-a-thons, communicating with the Wikimedia community, and accessing reference materials, all of which require stable data connectivity that I currently cannot always afford." }, "u24259": { "username": "Abusule dankofa", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin ya bani damar samun kuɗin da zan sanya Data domin na cigaba da kuma yawan editing da nakeyi a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma ƴan'uwanta, tabbas wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai wajen bunƙasa gudunmawar da nake badawa wajen yin edit a shafukan Wikipedia" }, "u48247": { "username": "Fateey01", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need data support to enable me start edit on Wikipedia consistently. Wikipedia requires stable data connectivity always and I can't afford. And also there are rest several tasks under Wikipedia that requires data connectivity also like uploading images p" }, "u20279": { "username": "Usmanmaifada", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data Support domin ci gaba da ayyukan gyara, ƙara bayanai da haɓaka Hausa Wikipedia. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun damar yin bincike, rubuta sabbin makaloli da inganta waɗanda suke akwai, domin ƙara yawan ingantattun bayanai cikin harshen Hausa.\nZan yi amfani da tallafin ne musamman wajen gudanar da ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma taimakawa wajen bunƙasa ilimi da bayanai cikin Hausa." }, "u15906": { "username": "Baban Asiya", "state": "Borno", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need data support in order to improve my contribution in Wikipedia. This support, it's very important to me. So that I will be very grateful if my request was taken into consideration. Thanks you.\nFinally, I am giving my advice to you for continue the program every month." }, "u48250": { "username": "Mr.sharperr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi domin samun wannan tallafin zai taimakamin wajen bada gudumuwa sosai batare da samun tsaiko ko kuma matsala ta rashin data ko kuma wani abu da ake bukatan danyi aiki da gudumuwa yadda ya kamata .ina da tabbacin wannan tallafi zai taimaka wajen kara inganta wannan manhaja batare da wani kokwanto na rashin kayan aiki ba." }, "u38699": { "username": "Arcdanumma047", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "Ina Neman wannan dama ta Data support da Hausa Wikipedia Ke tallafawa ga dukkanin membobi Dake Bada gudummuwa a hausa Wikipedia Domin Kara kwazo da zage damste.wajen ganin Na cigaba da bada a gudummuwa a hausa wikipedia fiye da yadda nake badawa a ynz dakuma samun karshashi (confidence) wajen shiga Koh Wace Irin gasa da Hausa Wikipedia zata kawo don fafatawa.Atsakanin membobi domin fidda gwani. Nagode." }, "u21059": { "username": "Legendry3920", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-24", "text": "I need the data support to help me become an active contributor to Wikimedia projects. And make meaningful contributions to the community, the support will give me the resources I need to contribute more effectively and consistently." }, "u22074": { "username": "A'isha A Ibrahim", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne na kasantuwa ta daya daga cikin mata masu neman a ƙarin ƙarfafar guiwa wajen bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da ma sauran yan uwanta. Allah ya sanya wannan karon muma mu rabauta." }, "u45966": { "username": "Laurat saleh", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin domin ci gaba da bada gudunmuwa ta bada fassarorin harshen turanci zuwa harcen hausa, wanda yin hakan babban taimakone ga yan'uwa da sauran alumma baki daya.. Kuma in har na samu wannan tallafin, zan iya samun karfin gwiwan ci gaba da taimakawa ta hausa Wikipedia in sha Allah" }, "u24962": { "username": "Abdulrahman tahir shika", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Ina mai neman tallafi na wikipedia sbd na qara bada gudunmawana sosai sbd na janyo abokaina suma suyi rigister suriqa bada gudunmawana sosai a wikipedia mukuma hada kanmu sosai yanda zamu riqa taimakawa a wikipedia d" }, "u14836": { "username": "Umar Muhammad Gwanki", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a shafin wikipedia, samun wannan tallafi zai sanya na samu kwarin guiwa wajen sake jajircewa da bada gudummawa. Ina matukar sanya rai wajen samun wannan tallafi. \nKu huta lafuya" }, "u22641": { "username": "Naja'atu Bintoo Usman", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "I want the data support to help me stay connected and active on Wikipedia. It will enable me to access educational information, participate in hausa Wikipedia and on English Wikipedia contribute to Wikimedia projects, and continue learning and sharing useful knowledge with others." }, "u13015": { "username": "M I Idrees", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support na Hausa wikimedia don ci gaba da bada gudunmawa a shafukan Wikipedia ta hausa sabo da wannan tsari yana kara bamu kwarin gwiwa da dagewa da bada gudunmawa a Wikipedia. Na gode" }, "u35826": { "username": "Hafsah3639", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Amincin Allah su tabbata a gare ku \nIna nema wannan tallafin na data support ne sobada in Kara bada himma wajan bada gudummawa na a Wikipedia saboda wani lokacin inaso zan bada gudummawa na Amma rashin kudin Siyan data sai ya hanani nayi, shiyasa nake neman wannan taimakon tallafin don samun kwarin gwiwa wajan yin aiki sosai a Wikipedia.\nNgd, Allah ya Saka muku da Alkhairi ya cigaba da taimakon ku wajan yin wannan Alkhairan." }, "u31568": { "username": "Ummeeterh", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "I would like to support Wikipedia because I believe in making reliable and useful information freely available to everyone. I enjoy helping people access accurate information, and I would be happy to contribute my time and skills to a platform that benefits people around the world. I’m also interested in learning and gaining experience while contributing positively to the Wikipedia community. Thank you" }, "u45595": { "username": "Khadija Hussaini Haruna", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.\nIna son samun wannan tallafin ne domin in samu damar gudanar da ayyukan Wikimedia Hausa, musamman wajen bayar da gudunmawa a ɓangaren lafiya, da kuma wayar da kan al’umma domin su fahimci muhimmancin shiga da bayar da gudunmawarsu ga wannan ƙungiya mai albarka.\nIna fatan wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen ƙara ilimi, ƙwarewa da kuma bayar da gudunmawa mai amfani ga Wikimedia Hausa da al’umma baki ɗaya.\nNa gode sosai da wannan dama." }, "u35709": { "username": "Muhammad mamman danumma", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "I need data support to access online learning materials, creating articles in Wikipedia Hausa communicate effectively, and complete academic tasks. It will help me to grow my Wikipedia account and stay connected to give all support." }, "u14655": { "username": "A Salisu", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-25", "text": "Wannan tallafi na data Support ina nema shi ne domin samun kudin siyan data da zai kara min kwarin gwiwar cigaba da fassara da gyaran makalolin Wikipedia, wannan tallafi ne dake kara mana hazaka wajen ninninka ayyukan da nakeyi na gyaran makaloli da kuma samar da sabbi" }, "u46196": { "username": "Yusuf Murja", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin na siya data na rinka bada gudunmawa sosai wajen gyararraki a shafukan makalolin Wikipedia da samar da sabbi harma da sanya hotuna, ko shakka babu wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai indai na same shi" }, "u45736": { "username": "Hon.Mubarak", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Assalamu Alaikum zan yi matukar farin ciki idan nasa mu data Support domin hakkan zai karamin ƙwarin gwiwa wajan editing dina. Tabbas samun data Support zai taimaka min wajan aiwatar da aikina yanda ya kamata nagode sosai." }, "u37716": { "username": "Anasysmart", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "The reason why I need to be supported with data is because I don't have enough money to buy data for Wikipedia edits and if I am supported with data I will be encouraged and I'll be fully active in editing, creating awareness and understanding more of the edit context. Thank you" }, "u45632": { "username": "Hauwa-jiddert", "state": "Borno", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "I need the data support to enhance my contribution to Wikimedia projects by improving access to reliable information, conducting research, and creating or improving quality articles in underrepresented areas. The support will help me access internet connectivity and digital resources needed for editing, uploading media, collaborating with other contributors, and documenting local knowledge, especially from Hausa-speaking communities. This will contribute to knowledge equity and increase the visibility of important topics on Wikimedia platforms." }, "u28228": { "username": "HK RIGASA2", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "NEMAN TALLAFIN DATA\n\nIna neman tallafin data ne domin in samu damar yin karatu da kuma gudanar da ayyukan da suka shafi koyon fasahar zamani ta hanyar intanet.\n\nA halin yanzu, tsadar data na kawo min cikas wajen shiga darussa, samun muhimman bayanai, yin bincike da kuma kammala ayyukan da ake bukata a kan lokaci.\n\nIna roƙon a taimaka min da tallafin data domin in samu damar ci gaba da koyon sabbin abubuwa da inganta ƙwarewata ta zamani.\n\nNa gode ƙwarai da wannan dama da kuma taimakon da za a ba ni." }, "u46863": { "username": "Usman saadu", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin data ne domin na cigaba da kirkirar sabbin makalolin Hausa wikipedia sannan dakuma Gyara makalolin Hausa wikipedia, wannan tallafi zai bani dama na zama active sosai wajen bada gudummuwa a shafikan wikipedia, tabbas samun wannan tallafin zai bunkasa yawan editing da nakeyi da kuma kwarin gwiwa a gareni" }, "u47735": { "username": "Abdulbaqi1", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Ina neman tallafi domin in ci gaba da ba da gudunmawa mai ma’ana a Wikimedia, musamman wajen inganta bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Tallafin zai taimaka min wajen rubutawa, gyarawa da inganta abubuwan da suka shafi tarihi, al’adu, ilimi, kimiyya, lafiya da muhalli. Haka kuma, zai taimaka wajen samar da ingantattun bayanai ga ɗalibai, malamai da masu bincike. Ina fatan tallafin zai ba ni damar ƙara yawan ayyukan Hausa a Wikimedia, da kuma ƙarfafa matasa su shiga wajen samar da ilimi kyauta ga al’umma." }, "u48297": { "username": "Kamaf001", "state": "Borno", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Ni daliba ce a Ramat Polytechnic dake jahar Borno wannan Data support zai taimaka min sosai wajen cigaba da bada gudun mawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia wani lokaci zakaso kayi edit amma rashin data saiya hanaka musamman mu Dalibai. Allah ya taimake Hausa Wikipedia da masu bada wannan tallafi." }, "u22698": { "username": "Umar A Muhammad", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "I am requesting data support to help me continue contributing in Wikipedia and other Wiki Commons Wikidata. The support will enable me to research, create and improve articles, translate content, participate in Wikimedia activities, and communicate with the community more effectively. It will also help me to maintain consistent contributions to free knowledge." }, "u24987": { "username": "Kamal JB", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-26", "text": "Ina son samun wannan tallafin ne domin in samu damar gudanar ci gaba da ayyukan Hausa Wikimedia , musamman wajen bayar da gudunmawa wajen fassara mukalun da babu su a shafin Hausa da kuma gyara wadanda basu da inganci. Ina fatan samun wannan tallafi sabida zai taimaka min wajen ƙara ilimi, ƙwarewa da kuma bayar da gudunmawa mai amfani ga Hausa Wikimedia. Ina yiwa kowa fatan alkairi da kuma fatan nasara." }, "u12577": { "username": "Umar-askira", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "ssalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuhu.\nIna mika wannan takardar neman tallafi gare ku bisa ga irin gudummawar da kuke bayarwa wajen taimaka wa al’umma da tallafa wa masu neman ci gaba.\nIna neman taimakonku domin samun tallafin da zai taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan buri/ayyuka nawa, wanda zai bayar da gudummawa wajen bunkasa ilimi, fasaha, dogaro da kai da kuma inganta rayuwar al’umma.\nA halin yanzu, akwai bukatar tallafi domin samar da kayan aiki da sauran abubuwan da suka dace don cimma wannan manufa. Taimakon da za ku bayar zai kasance babbar gudummawa wajen samun nasara da kuma samar da tasiri mai kyau ga wadanda za su amfana.\nIna rokonku da ku duba wannan bukata da idon basira, tare da ba da duk irin taimakon da kuka ga ya dace. Allah Ya saka muku da alheri, Ya kara muku arziki da daukaka, Ya kuma sanya wannan aiki ya zama alheri a gare ku da al’umma baki daya.\nNa gode kwarai da kulawa da kuma goyon bayanku" }, "u21576": { "username": "Dev moha2507", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Ina neman tallafi ne domin in samu damar ci gaba da ayyukan da nake yi a Hausa Wikipedia, musamman wajen ƙara sabbin bayanai, gyara da inganta shafukan Wikipedia, da kuma taimakawa wajen bunƙasa harshen Hausa a Wikimedia.\nTallafin zai taimaka min wajen gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka cikin sauƙi da kuma ƙara gudummawata ga Hausa Wikipedia da al’ummar Wikimedia." }, "u44366": { "username": "Pretty Fulani", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "I am a student and an active Wikipedia contributor. I kindly request data support to help me continue my studies and contribute to Wikipedia. Your support will be greatly appreciated I need your access I don't have more money that can buy data and continue contributing .Thank you." }, "u46242": { "username": "Asiya Garba", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Wannan tallafi ne da zai taimaka min idan na same shi saboda na rinkayin editing a kusan koda yaushe, saboda wani lokacin munaso muyi editing amman rashin data saiya hana mu shiyasa nake neman wannan tallafin" }, "u27364": { "username": "Sani Abdullahi M", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Ina tallafin Data support domin na sami kudin da zan siya Data sa zai kara min karfin ko hazakar yin gyararraki a Hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu tallafin nan zai sa ni yin editin sosai fiye da lokutan baya" }, "u47644": { "username": "Abbakarab65", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Muna rubuto wannan sako ne domin neman tallafi daga gare ku wajen ci gaba da bunƙasa da inganta Hausa Wikipedia, wadda take daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin samun ilimi cikin harshen Hausa a intanet.\nHausa Wikipedia na da matukar muhimmanci wajen samar da ilimi ga al’ummar Hausawa, musamman ɗalibai, malamai, masu bincike da duk wani mai sha’awar samun sahihin bayani cikin harshensa na asali. Duk da irin ci gaban da aka samu, har yanzu akwai bukatar ƙarin aiki sosai wajen ƙara yawan shafuka, inganta bayanai, ƙara hotuna, da kuma samar da ingantattun bayanai kan tarihi, al’adu, ilimi, kimiyya, ƙasa da sauran fannoni." }, "u12403": { "username": "M Bash Ne", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "I am applying for data support to help me with continuing actively contribute to Wikimedia projects, especially Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language Wikimedia platforms. The support will enable me to participate in online editing activities, create and improve articles, upload educational content, and engage in community campaigns, training, and outreach programs. Reliable internet access is very important for my contributions and will help me continue promoting free knowledge in the Hausa language community." }, "u40381": { "username": "Maryam Bello Shafi'i", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin data support ne domin in kwarin gwiwar ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa sosai ga ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Hausa Wikipedia da sauran dandamalin Wikimedia na harshen Hausa. Tallafin zai taimaka mini wajen shiga ayyukan gyaran Wikipedia ta yanar gizo, ƙirƙira da inganta ƙasidu, ɗora abubuwan ilimantarwa, da kuma shiga kamfen-kamfen, horarwa da shirye-shiryen wayar da kai na al'umma.\n\nSamun ingantaccen intanet yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka, kuma tallafin zai taimaka mini in ci gaba da haɓaka da yaɗa ilimi kyauta cikin harshen Hausa." }, "u14918": { "username": "Alfurqan", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-27", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data ne domin in samu damar ci gaba da bayar da gudummawa sosai ga ayyukan Wikimedia, musamman Hausa Wikipedia da sauran dandamalin Wikimedia na harshen Hausa. Tallafin zai taimaka mini wajen shiga ayyukan gyaran Wikipedia ta yanar gizo, ƙirƙira da inganta kasidu, ɗora abubuwan ilimantarwa, da kuma shiga kamfen-kamfen, horarwa da shirye-shiryen wayar da kai na al'umma. Samun ingantaccen intanet yana da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen gudanar da waɗannan ayyuka, kuma tallafin zai taimaka mini in ci gaba da haɓaka da yaɗa ilimi kyauta cikin harshen Hausa." }, "u25547": { "username": "Najaatuhd", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi na data support ne domin samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a shafin wikipedia, samun wannan tallafi zai sanya na samu kwarin guiwa wajen sake jajircewa da bada gudummawa. Rashin samun tallafin ba zai hanani cigaba da bada gudummuwa ba" }, "u47762": { "username": "Aliyuhaydarr", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "Ina bukatar tallafin Data domin in samu damar shiga cikin ayyukan Wikipedia ta Hausa yadda ya kamata. Tallafin zai taimaka min wajen bincike, gyara da kuma ƙara ingantattun bayanai a Wikipedia cikin harshen Hausa. Ina son taimakawa wajen samar da bayanan da za su kasance masu sauƙin fahimta da amfani ga masu magana da Hausa, musamman ɗalibai da masu neman ilimi. Ta wannan hanya, zan taimaka wajen haɓaka abubuwan ilimi wajen anfani da intanet da kuma ƙarfafa amfani da harshen Hausa a fannin fasahar zamani." }, "u32142": { "username": "Abdultambura18", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin na siya data na rinka bada gudunmawa sosai wajen gyararraki a shafukan makalolin Wikipedia da samar da sabbin mukaloli, ko shakka babu wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai indai na same shi na kara zage damtse in kara jajircewa. Mun gode" }, "u19233": { "username": "Ibrahim abusufyan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "I want to have this data support because getting this data support will helps me to give enomouse contribution without any stress or challenging in giving my contributions ,it will also allow accurate work without fear of losing something or financial challenge that will hinders th work deligently" }, "u38014": { "username": "Umar Rabiuu", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin domin inci gaba da bada gudunmuwa ta hanyar fassara daga harshen turanci zuwa harshen hausa, wanda yin hakan babban taimako ne ga yan'uwa na hausawa da kuma sauran mutane masu ra'ayi akan magana da harshen hausa da sauran al'umma baki daya. Sannan samun tallafi zae iya Kara Mani kwarin guiwa wurin bada gudunmuwa a hausa Wikipedia in sha Allah" }, "u44591": { "username": "Engineer014", "state": "FCT - Abuja", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-28", "text": "I am seeking this support to improve my contributions to Hausa Wikipedia and help improve the availability and quality of free knowledge in the Hausa language. The support will enable me to create and improve more articles, address content gaps, and contribute to topics that are currently underrepresented on Hausa Wikipedia. I also hope to use the experience and resources gained through this support to mentor and encourage other editors, especially new contributors, to participate actively in Wikimedia projects. Ultimately, this support will help me make a greater impact in expanding Hausa Wikipedia and making reliable knowledge more accessible to Hausa-speaking communities." }, "u14681": { "username": "Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu", "state": "Plateau", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-08-29", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin na samu kudin da zan siya data na rinka yin translation da editing na makalolin Wikipedia, Wiktionary da kuma Wikidata na hausa, gaskiya wannan tallafi zai taimaka min sosai na bunkasa bada gudunmuwar da nakeyi" }, "u30448": { "username": "Alubaki", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-29", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin ƙara samun kwarin guiwa tare da ci gaba wajen bunkasa shafin Hausa Wikipedia domin amfanuwar al'umma da kuma bayar da ilimi kyauta ga kowa da kowa. Hakika zan yi matukar farin ciki idan wannan kudiri nawa ya samu karɓuwa daga gareku. Mu huta lafiya." }, "u40103": { "username": "Bauchi 1", "state": "Bauchi", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-08-31", "text": "Assalamualaikum barkanmu da wannan lokaci inawa kowa fatam alheri. \nNima ina neman wannan tallafi na kudin Internet data wanda wannan gidauniya ta Hausa Wikimedia User Group take bayarwa. Ina neman wannan tallafin ne sabida nima na samu damar bada tawa gudummawar a wannan shafin mai albarka na Hausa wikipedia, domin samun wannan tallafin zai kara min kwazo da jajircewa wajen maida hankali domin yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Ina me sanya rai da bukatar wannan tallafi, kuma ina fatan samusamu, ku huta lafiya." } } k0dwq3gktwkslilk5uicl5ds5obn5ks 0 165839 966869 955670 2026-10-12T15:53:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jordyn Makensey Frahm''' (an haife '''shi''' a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙwallo ne na kwaleji na Amurka wanda ke buga ƙwallon ƙwallo mai laushi a Nebraska . A matsayinta na ɗalibi a jami'ar Oklahoma, an naɗa ta a matsayin wacce ta fi kowa farin jini a fannin sabbin ɗalibai na shekara ta NFCA a shekarar 2022. An kuma nada ta a matsayin ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta NFCA sau biyu a 2025 da 2026. == Aikin makarantar sakandare == Frahm ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Papillion-La Vista da ke Papillion, Nebraska . Ta jagoranci Sarakuna zuwa ga kambun jiha na Class A sau uku a jere, kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta All-State duk tsawon shekaru huɗu. A lokacin shekararta ta farko a shekarar 2020, ta yi rikodin 27–0 tare da 0.15 ERA, inda ta yi nasarar jefa kwallaye 27 kacal da kuma tafiya 24 a cikin innings 139, yayin da ta yi nasarar jefa kwallaye 299. Ta kuma yi bugun .581 da RBI 59, wanda hakan ya daidaita tarihin Class A na kakar wasa ɗaya da bugun gida 22. Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau, an nada ta a matsayin 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nebraska ta shekara. A lokacin shekararta ta ƙarshe a shekarar 2021, ta yi rikodin 27–0 tare da 0.10 ERA, ta yi nasarar jefa kwallaye 27 kacal da kuma tafiya 15 a cikin innings 137, yayin da ta fitar da batters 316. Ta kuma yi bugun .510 da bugun gida 20 da kuma bugun RBI 55. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordy Bahl |url=https://soonersports.com/sports/softball/roster/jordy-bahl/14901 |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau, an naɗa ta a matsayin 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nebraska Softball ta Shekara a karo na biyu a jere, kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Gatorade ta Shekara . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2021 |title=Bahl named 2020-21 Gatorade National Softball Player of the Year |url=https://nfca.org/divnews/hs/jordyn-bahl-gatorade-national-softball-player-of-the-year-2021 |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=NFCA.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beideck |first=Steve |date=July 29, 2021 |title=Papio's Jordyn Bahl named Gatorade national softball player of the year |url=https://omaha.com/sports/high-school/papios-jordyn-bahl-named-gatorade-national-softball-player-of-the-year/article_6eefe5a6-d2be-11eb-9406-47c0f6e5cc36.html |access-date=May 9, 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Head |first=Nate |date=June 18, 2021 |title=Jordyn Bahl named Nebraska Gatorade softball player of the year |url=https://journalstar.com/sports/high-school/softball/jordyn-bahl-named-nebraska-gatorade-softball-player-of-the-year/article_633fc3ca-b20f-5449-95ed-c291738d4763.html |access-date=May 9, 2022}}</ref> Frahm ta kammala aikinta a Papillion da rikodin 95–3, 0.63 ERA, da kuma bugun ƙwallo 978, a cikin innings 523. Ta kuma yi rikodin wasanni 63 cikakke da wasa ɗaya cikakke. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordyn Bahl's Softball Stats |url=https://www.maxpreps.com/athlete/jordyn-bahl/HAYct4LAEeeT-Oz0u-e-FA/softball/stats.htm |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=maxpreps.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scarborough |first=Alex |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Inside Oklahoma softball's Jordy Bahl's 'whole other level of greatness' |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/33719980/inside-oklahoma-softball-jordy-bahl-whole-other-level-greatness |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=[[ESPN.com]]}}</ref> An sanya Bahl a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar 2021 a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa samun nasara a gasar Softball America da Extra Inning Softball. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eads |first=Brentt |date=November 3, 2020 |title=Player Spotlight: 2021 Extra Elite 100 2021 #1 Jordyn Bahl… “Life is About Learning & Moving On” |url=https://extrainningsoftball.com/player-spotlight-2021-extra-elite-100-2021-1-jordyn-bahl-life-is-about-learning-moving-on/ |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=extrainningsoftball.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wachen |first=Rebecca |date=August 10, 2021 |title=Why Jordyn Bahl Chose Oklahoma |url=https://www.softballamerica.com/stories/why-jordyn-bahl-chose-oklahoma/ |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=softballamerica.com}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == === Oklahoma === Bahl ta fara buga wasanta na kwaleji a Oklahoma a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2022, a wasan da suka fafata da UC Santa Barbara . Ta yi nasarar kashe huɗu daga cikin batters takwas da ta fuskanta a ciki Innings Nicole May, wacce ta yi shekara ɗaya a duniya da kuma Hope Trautwein, wacce ta kammala karatun digiri, sun haɗu don kammala wasan da ya dace da Sooners. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2022 |title=Pitching Perfect, Offense Strong in Season Opener |url=https://soonersports.com/news/2022/2/10/softball-pitching-perfect-offense-strong-in-season-opener.aspx |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, ta buga wasa mai kyau da Cal State Fullerton . Ta fitar da maki 11 a cikin cikakken wasan, ba tare da ta bari bugun ko tafiya ga masu jefa ƙwallo 18 da ta fuskanta ba. Ta zama ɗalibi na farko a makarantar sakandare ta Oklahoma da ya buga wasa mai kyau tun bayan [[Paige Parker]] a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Bahl Perfect, OU Sweeps Day One of Nutter Classic |url=https://soonersports.com/news/2022/2/25/softball-bahl-perfect-ou-sweeps-day-one-of-nutter-classic.aspx |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> Ta kammala kakar wasa ta yau da kullun da rikodin 21-1, tare da 0.95 ERA, 199 strikeouts da kuma tafiya 29 a ciki. An buga wasanni zagaye na farko. Ta ba da damar yin gudu 18 da ta samu, yayin da ta riƙe abokan hamayyarta matsakaicin bugun .137 ciki har da rufewa bakwai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2022 |title=Three Sooners Named Top 10 Finalists for Player of the Year |url=https://soonersports.com/news/2022/5/4/softball-three-sooners-named-player-of-the-year-top-10-finalists.aspx |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Batacao |first=Jason |date=May 5, 2022 |title=OU softball: How family, fishing and failure fuels Jordy Bahl’s Michael Jordan-esque competitive fire |url=https://www.oudaily.com/sports/ou-softball-how-family-fishing-and-failure-fuels-jordy-bahl-s-michael-jordan-esque-competitive/article_4543918a-ccaf-11ec-bb99-537c7823be0b.html |access-date=May 9, 2022}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2022, ta samu rauni a lokacin atisayen motsa jiki kafin wasan Asabar a wasan karshe na jerin 'yan wasa da Oklahoma State . <ref>{{Cite web |last=McLeod |first=Justin |date=May 18, 2022 |title=Patty Gasso Discusses Jordy Bahl’s Injury, Timeline for Her Return |url=https://extrainningsoftball.com/patty-gasso-discusses-jordy-bahls-injury-timeline-for-her-return/ |access-date=May 18, 2022 |website=extrainningsoftball.com |archive-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518143407/https://extrainningsoftball.com/patty-gasso-discusses-jordy-bahls-injury-timeline-for-her-return/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ba ta yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba a gasar softball ta Big 12 Conference ta 2022 saboda ciwon hannu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Eric |date=May 17, 2022 |title=Jordy Bahl handling arm injury 'very optimistically' but frustrated she can't help Sooners |url=https://tulsaworld.com/sports/college/ou/jordy-bahl-handling-arm-injury-very-optimistically-but-frustrated-she-cant-help-sooners/article_703d277c-d612-11ec-98c1-dff63ce6697a.html |access-date=May 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518030150/https://tulsaworld.com/sports/college/ou/jordy-bahl-handling-arm-injury-very-optimistically-but-frustrated-she-cant-help-sooners/article_703d277c-d612-11ec-98c1-dff63ce6697a.html |archive-date=May 18, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta yi wasa a karon farko tun bayan dawowa daga rauni a ranar 2 ga Yuni, a lokacin wasan farko na gasar Kwalejin Mata ta 2022 da Northwestern . Ta jefa ƙwallo sau 11, kuma ta ba da damar buga ƙwallo sau biyu yayin da take rikodin ƙwallo ɗaya kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulley |first=Colton |date=June 2, 2022 |title='She's made differently': Sooners' Jordy Bahl returns to circle in OU's 13-2 run-rule over Northwestern |url=https://www.oudaily.com/sports/shes-made-differently-sooners-jordy-bahl-returns-to-circle-in-ous-13-2-run-rule/article_c4746374-e2dc-11ec-84df-47a967139f79.html |access-date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> A lokacin wasan gasar zakarun duniya ta Kwalejin Mata a ranar 9 ga Yuni, ta ba da damar buga bugun hudu, gudu biyu, tafiya uku da kuma bugun biyu a cikin innings huɗu kuma ta sami nasarar a wasan da ya kai ga lashe gasar. Bayan kakar wasa mai kyau, an nada ta a matsayin Big 12 Freshman of the Year da Co-Big 12 Pitcher of the Year kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta All-Big 12. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2022 |title=Sooners Dominate Big 12 Awards |url=https://soonersports.com/news/2022/5/11/softball-sooners-dominate-big-12-awards.aspx |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2022 |title=2022 All-Big 12 Softball Awards Announced |url=https://big12sports.com/news/2022/5/11/2022-all-big-12-softball-awards-announced.aspx |access-date=May 11, 2022 |website=big12sports.com}}</ref> An kuma nada ta a matsayin wacce ta lashe gasar All-American a matsayin ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar, da kuma wacce ta lashe gasar National Freshman of the Year ta NFCA, da kuma wacce ta lashe gasar Softball America Freshman of the Year a matsayin ta ƙarshe a cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara a gasar USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2022 |title=USA Softball names Top 10 Finalists for 2022 USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year |url=https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Softball/News/2022/May/04/USA-Softball-names-Top-10-Finalists-for-2022-USA-Softball-Collegiate-Player-of-the-Year |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509115430/https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Softball/News/2022/May/04/USA-Softball-names-Top-10-Finalists-for-2022-USA-Softball-Collegiate-Player-of-the-Year |archive-date=May 9, 2022 |access-date=May 9, 2022 |website=teamusa.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2022 |title=Five Sooners Named First Team All-Americans |url=https://soonersports.com/news/2022/6/1/softball-five-sooners-named-all-americans.aspx |access-date=June 2, 2022 |website=soonersports.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2022 |title=2022 NCAA Freshman Of The Year: Jordy Bahl |url=https://www.softballamerica.com/stories/2022-ncaa-freshman-of-the-year-jordy-bahl/ |access-date=June 20, 2022 |website=softballamerica.com}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2023 a shekararta ta biyu, ta yi rikodin 22-1 tare da ceton 'yan wasa huɗu. A lokacin wasannin taro 18, ta buga rikodin 7-0 tare da 0.70 ERA, ta daina yin gudu huɗu kacal. Nasarorin da ta samu a taron sun fi na kowace 'yar wasan jefa kwallo a raga, yayin da matsakaicin bugun da ta yi a kan 'yan wasanta na .130 a manyan wasanni 12 shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da kowace 'yar wasan jefa kwallo a gasar. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada ta a matsayin wacce aka zaba a matsayin wacce ta fi kowacce kungiya a gasar All-Big 12, kuma aka nada ta a matsayin wacce ta fi kowacce kungiya a gasar Big 12 Pitcher of the Year a karo na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 10, 2023 |title=2023 All-Big 12 Softball Awards Announced |url=https://big12sports.com/news/2023/5/10/2023-all-big-12-softball-awards-announced.aspx |access-date=May 10, 2023 |website=big12sports.com}}</ref> A lokacin gasar World Series ta Kwalejin Mata ta 2023, Bahl ya buga rikodin 4-0 tare da ajiye ɗaya a cikin An yi wasanni tare da an ci kwallo ba, daga baya aka nada shi a matsayin 'Yar Wasa Mafi Kyau a Duniya a Gasar Kwaleji ta Mata . Ta zama ɗan wasan jefa ƙwallo na farko tun 1992 da ta yi aiki aƙalla innings 20 a gasar World Series ba tare da barin gudu ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brunt |first=Cliff |date=June 8, 2023 |title=Oklahoma wins third straight WCWS title, extends record win streak to 53 |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2023-06-08/oklahoma-wins-wcws-title-florida-state-recap |access-date=June 8, 2023}}</ref> === Nebraska === A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2023, Bahl ta sanar da cewa za ta shiga shafin canja wurin NCAA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Ryan |date=June 12, 2023 |title=OU Softball: Oklahoma Star Shocks Softball World, Enters Transfer Portal |url=https://www.si.com/college/oklahoma/softball/ou-softball-oklahoma-star-shocks-softball-world-enters-transfer-portal |access-date=June 12, 2023 |website=si.com |publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lederman |first=Eli |date=June 12, 2023 |title=Jordy Bahl, star pitcher who led OU to historic three-peat, enters transfer portal |url=https://tulsaworld.com/sports/college/ou/jordy-bahl-star-pitcher-who-led-ou-to-historic-three-peat-enters-transfer-portal/article_a317c1fe-093b-11ee-af2f-6fb563534be1.html |access-date=June 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612190206/https://tulsaworld.com/sports/college/ou/jordy-bahl-star-pitcher-who-led-ou-to-historic-three-peat-enters-transfer-portal/article_a317c1fe-093b-11ee-af2f-6fb563534be1.html |archive-date=June 12, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu a Oklahoma ta bayyana a wasanni 71 tare da fara wasa 46 kuma ta buga rikodin 44–2, 1.00 ERA da kuma bugun 397 a cikin  . ERA ɗinta ta zo ta biyu a tarihin shirin Oklahoma kuma ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta tun lokacin da aka ƙara nisan bugun daga ƙafa 40 zuwa ƙafa 43 a shekarar 1988. Ta kuma samu kaso na biyu mafi kyau na nasara (.957) da matsakaicin bugun abokan hamayya (.153) a tarihin shirin, kuma ta zo ta uku a cikin bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a cikin innings bakwai (9.62). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aber |first=Ryan |date=June 12, 2023 |title=OU softball ace Jordy Bahl announces she will transfer from Sooners 'to return home' |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/sooners/2023/06/12/ou-softball-jordy-bahl-transfer-portal-oklahoma-sooners-going-home-nebraska/70314358007/ |access-date=June 12, 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Jordy Bahl Announces Her Transfer to Nebraska |url=https://huskers.com/news/2023/06/15/jordy-bahl-announces-her-transfer-to-nebraska |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=huskers.com}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Yuni, ta sanar da cewa za ta koma Nebraska . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Oklahoma pitching star Jordy Bahl announces transfer to Nebraska |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/37857616/oklahoma-pitching-star-jordy-bahl-announces-transfer-nebraska |access-date=June 15, 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Mitch |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Jordy Bahl commits to Nebraska softball: What this means for Huskers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4604790/2023/06/15/jordy-bahl-nebraska-softball/ |access-date=June 15, 2023 |publisher=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2024, a lokacin wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2024 da Washington, Bahl ta samu rauni a gwiwarta ta hagu a karshen kakar wasa a kan anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Ta sha kaye a wasanta na farko na Husker, inda ta buga wasa , wanda ke ba da damar bugun biyu, bugun uku, gudu uku da aka samu da kuma tafiya huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2024 |title=NU Falls to Washington in Season Opener |url=https://huskers.com/news/2024/02/9/recap-vs-washington |access-date=February 8, 2024 |website=huskers.com}}</ref> Daga baya aka sanar da cewa za ta yi ritaya a kakar wasa ta 2024 kuma ta dawo a 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2024 |title=Nebraska softball pitcher Jordy Bahl out for season with ACL injury |url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/39519516/nebraska-softball-pitcher-jordy-bahl-season-acl-injury |access-date=February 13, 2024 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sardis |first=Nick |date=February 14, 2024 |title=Nebraska pitcher, OU transfer Jordy Bahl's season-ending ACL injury: What we know |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/sooners/2024/02/14/oklahoma-softball-jordy-bahl-acl-knee-injury-nebraska-softball-ou-sooners/72597868007/ |access-date=February 14, 2024}}</ref> A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2025 a shekararta ta farko, ta buga rikodin 26–8, tare da 1.56 ERA. A lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na taron, ta buga rikodin 10-2 a wasan kwaikwayo na taron, tare da 1.83 ERA. Ta buga .467 a wasan kai hari, inda ta yi nasarar zura kwallaye 59, bugun 70, bugun RBI 59, bugun double 16 da kuma bugun gida 19 a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun. Ta zama Husker ta farko a tarihin shirin da ta yi rikodin doubles 15 da home runs 15 a kakar wasa ɗaya. Bayan kakar wasa ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko a tarihin Big Ten Conference da aka nada a matsayin 'yar wasa ta shekara da kuma 'yar wasan Pitcher of the Year a kakar wasa ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2025 |title=Big Ten Announces 2025 Softball Postseason Honors |url=https://bigten.org/sb/article/blt9579af5ad999d80d/ |access-date=May 9, 2025 |website=BigTen.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509172126/https://bigten.org/sb/article/blt9579af5ad999d80d/ |archive-date=May 9, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin wasan farko na gasar softball ta NCAA Division I ta 2025 da UConn, ta buga bugun gida kuma ta zama 'yar wasa ta huɗu a tarihin NCAA Division I da ta zarce nasara 20 da bugun gida 20 a kakar wasa ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Angus-Coombs |first=Maren |date=May 16, 2025 |title=Nebraska’s Jordy Bahl Joins Elite Club with Home Run vs UConn |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/softball/college/nebraska-s-jordy-bahl-joins-elite-club-with-home-run-vs-uconn |access-date=May 16, 2025 |website=SI.com |archive-date=May 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517081301/https://www.si.com/onsi/softball/college/nebraska-s-jordy-bahl-joins-elite-club-with-home-run-vs-uconn |url-status=dead}}</ref> An kuma nada ta a matsayin ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta NFCA ta shekara . A watan Mayu na 2025, Frahm ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin ilimi da kimiyyar ɗan adam. <ref name="graduation">{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2025 |title=Nebraska awards 3,683 degrees in May ceremonies |url=https://news.unl.edu/article/nebraska-awards-3683-degrees-in-may-ceremonies |access-date=May 23, 2026 |website=Nebraska Today |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln |quote=Jordyn Makensey Bahl, College of Education and Human Sciences, Bachelor of Science in Education and Human Sciences.}}</ref> <ref name="Nebraska">{{Cite web |title=Jordy Frahm |url=https://huskers.com/sports/softball/roster/player/jordy-frahm |access-date=May 23, 2026 |website=Huskers.com |publisher=University of Nebraska-Lincoln}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2026 a shekararta ta ƙarshe, ta yi rikodin 21–6, tare da 1.37 ERA, 251 strikeouts da kuma ceton 12. Ta hanyar ceton 'yan wasa 12, ta jagoranci ƙasar, kuma ta kafa tarihin ceton 'yan wasa na Nebraska a kakar wasa ɗaya, wanda ya zarce tarihin da kocinta na yanzu Rhonda Revelle ke riƙe da shi a baya. Ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Nebraska zuwa Gasar Duniya ta Kwalejin Mata a karon farko tun shekarar 2013. Bayan kakar wasa, an nada ta a matsayin babbar 'yar wasan Pitcher Ten ta Shekara a karo na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2026 |title=Big Ten Reveals 2026 Softball Postseason Honors |url=https://bigten.org/sb/article/59996/ |access-date=May 8, 2026 |website=BigTen.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260508171625/https://bigten.org/sb/article/59996/ |archive-date=May 8, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An kuma nada ta a matsayin 'yar wasan shekara ta Kwalejin Softball ta Amurka da kuma 'yar wasan shekara ta NFCA ta kasa a karo na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2026 |title=Nebraska’s Jordy Frahm named 2026 USA Softball Collegiate Player of the Year |url=https://www.usasoftball.com/news/2026/05/26/nebraskas-jordy-frahm-named-2026-usa-softball-collegiate-player-of-the-year/ |access-date=May 26, 2026 |website=usasoftball.com}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2026, a lokacin gasar duniya ta Kwalejin Mata ta 2026 da Texas, ta samu maki mafi girma a gasar a karo na 20 da ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana. Ta zama 'yar wasa ta farko a tarihin NCAA Division I da ta rubuta kwallaye 20 a gida da kuma nasarori 20 a kakar wasa da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=Randy |date=June 1, 2026 |title=More Than Records: The Legacy of Jordy Frahm |url=https://nebraska.tv/sports/college/jordy-frahm-leaves-lasting-legacy-as-nebraska-career-ends |access-date=June 1, 2026 |website=nebraska.tv}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2026, an naɗa Frahm a matsayin mataimakin koci ga Nebraska. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2026 |title=Frahm Joins Husker Coaching Staff |url=https://huskers.com/news/2026/06/5/frahm-joins-husker-coaching-staff |access-date=June 5, 2026 |website=huskers.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A ranar 2 ga Agusta, 2025, Frahm ta auri tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball na Nebraska Trey Frahm. Mai magana da yawun jami'a ta tabbatar wa ''Sports Illustrated'' cewa ta ɗauki sunan sabon mijinta. A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2026, kwana ɗaya bayan ta fafata a gasar Duniya ta Kwalejin Mata ta 2026, Frahm ta wallafa a shafinta na [[Instagram]] cewa tana tsammanin ɗanta na fari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2026 |title=Jordy Frahm announces pregnancy following Nebraska Softball’s WCWS run |url=https://www.1011now.com/2026/06/02/jordy-frahm-announces-pregnancy-following-nebraska-softballs-wcws-run/ |access-date=June 1, 2026 |website=[[1011now.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Just |first=Amie |date=June 1, 2026 |title=Nebraska softball pitcher Jordy Frahm announces pregnancy |url=https://omaha.com/sports/huskers/softball/article_2ffaf3bd-0283-47d2-99c8-331bb581b470.html |access-date=June 1, 2026}}</ref> == Nassoshi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hohmcllufdb8yxhxdsgt6bihov55412 0 166468 967079 917598 2026-10-13T08:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lincoln_Business_College_(1915).jpg|right|thumb| Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Lincoln a shekarar 1915 a Titin Fourteenth da P]] '''Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Lincoln''' [[kwalejin kasuwanci]] ce da ke Lincoln, Nebraska, Amurka. An kafa ta a shekarar 1884, kuma a shekarar 1925 ta hade da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Nebraska don zama Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Lincoln. Daga baya ta zama Kwalejin Hamilton, Jami'ar Kaplan, kuma magajin ta na ƙarshe shine reshen Lincoln na Jami'ar Purdue Global, wanda ya rufe kwalejin a shekarar 2021. == Tarihi == An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1884 ta hannun FF Roose. Asalin wurin yana cikin ginin ofis da ke kusurwar Titin Eleventh da O. Daga baya ta koma ginin Oliver da ke kan titunan Thirteenth da P, inda ta ci gaba da zama har tsawon shekaru 16. A shekarar 1914, ta koma wani sabon gini a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Titin Sha Huɗu da Titin P. EC Bigger shine shugaban kwalejin a shekarun 1910. A shekarar 1925, Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Lincoln da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Nebraska (wadda take a da) aka haɗa suka zama Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Lincoln. Tsohon ginin makarantar da ke kan titin 14th Street har yanzu yana nan a shekarar 2025 kuma gidajen cin abinci da wuraren aiki na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne ke zaune a ciki. == Tarihin daga baya == A watan Afrilun 1997, shekaru da yawa bayan makarantar ta koma K Street a shekarun 1960, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Lincoln ta mallaki Educational Medical, Inc. Kaplan, Inc., ta mallaki Educational Medical (wanda aka sake masa suna Quest Education Corporation) a shekarar 2000, kuma a shekarar 2004 aka sake sanya wa makarantar suna Lincoln harabar Kwalejin Hamilton da ke Iowa. A watan Oktoba na 2007, an haɗa dukkan harabar Hamilton zuwa Jami'ar Kaplan . == Wasanni == Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Lincoln ta fafata a wasannin motsa jiki na kwaleji a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwaleji ta Ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Aaron |date=March 23, 2006 |title=Hamilton, Hill bring hoops to Nebraska |url=https://www.commercial-news.com/sports/hamilton-hill-bring-hoops-to-nebraska/article_942399f7-5d4c-581c-9f7b-95e180e76a5a.html}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan sauya suna zuwa Kwalejin Hamilton, an san ƙungiyoyin makarantar da Hamilton Aliens. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Ken |date=February 6, 2005 |title=Hamilton's Hill reclaims his life, career |url=https://journalstar.com/sports/hamiltons-hill-reclaims-his-life-career/article_830e0bbc-b8e1-57ec-85a0-93f5b3d4cce8.html}}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Samuel Roy McKelvie (1901), Gwamnan Nebraska (1919–1923) * Theodore C. Diers, wakilin jihar Wyoming kuma sanata * Mari Sandoz (1921), masanin tarihi kuma marubuciya == Manazarta == 3mlaosz4drltb3da0tuj0v11nh0fz7i 0 166963 966922 951798 2026-10-12T18:20:28Z Baffa ali 47435 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 966922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Taswirar Daular Indiya ta Burtaniya (1909), wacce ke nuna larduna daban-daban da jihohin asali . Lardunan Tsakiya da Berar, Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, Ajmer-Merwara, da gundumar Hissar ta Punjab sun fuskanci mummunan fari na 1899-1900.]] [[Fayil:FamineReliefAhmedabad1901.jpg|right|thumb|271x271px| Agajin gaggawa na gwamnati game da yunwa, {{Circa}} 1901, [[Ahmedabad]]]] '''Yunwa ta Indiya ta 1899-1900''' ta fara ne da gazawar damina ta bazara a shekarar 1899 a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Indiya, kuma a cikin shekara mai zuwa, ta shafi yanki mai fadin {{Convert|476000|sqmi|km2}} da kuma yawan jama'a miliyan 59.5 <ref name="igi-III-491">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|1907}}</ref> Yunwa ta yi tsanani a Lardunan Tsakiya da Berar, Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, ƙaramar lardin Ajmer-Merwara, da Gundumar Hissar ta Punjab ; ta kuma haifar da babban matsala a jihohin da suka fi daraja a Hukumar Rajputana, Hukumar Tsakiyar Indiya, [[Hyderabad]] da Hukumar Kathiawar . <ref name="igi-III-491" /> Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan yankuna na Fadar Shugabancin Bengal, Fadar Shugabancin Madras da Lardunan Arewa maso Yamma sun fuskanci mummunan fari. <ref name="igi-III-491" /> Al'ummar da ke yankuna da dama ba su warke daga yunwar 1896-1897 ba. <ref name="igi-III-492" /> Kamar yadda yake a wannan yunwar, wannan ma fari ya riga ya zo. <ref name="igi-III-492">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III|1907}}</ref> Ofishin Kula da Yanayi na Indiya a cikin rahotonsa na 1900, ya bayyana cewa, "Matsakaicin ruwan sama a Indiya shine {{Convert|45|in|mm}} . A cikin shekarar yunwa da ta gabata, ba a taɓa samun matsala fiye da {{Convert|5|in|mm}} . Amma a shekarar 1899, lahani ya wuce inci 11." <ref name="igi-III-492" /> An kuma sami manyan gazawar amfanin gona a sauran sassan Indiya, kuma sakamakon haka, ba za a iya dogara da cinikin yankuna daban-daban don daidaita farashin abinci ba. <ref name="dreze95">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Drèze|1995}}</ref> Mace-macen da aka samu ya yi yawa. Mutane 462,000 ne suka mutu a Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, kuma a Yankin Deccan Plateau, an kiyasta cewa adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 166,000. <ref name="Attwood 2005 2072">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Attwood|2005}}</ref> A Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa, yunwar 1899-1900 ta fi mace-mace—a mace-mace 37.9 a cikin 1000—a cikin dukkan yunwa da ƙarancin birane a can tsakanin 1876-77 da 1918-19. <ref name="McAlpin 1979 146">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAlpin|1979}}</ref> A bisa wani kiyasi na shekarar 1908 na ''Jaridar Imperial Gazetteer ta Indiya'', a gundumomin da Birtaniya ke kula da su kawai, kimanin mutane miliyan daya ne suka mutu sakamakon yunwa ko cututtuka masu alaƙa da su; ban da haka, sakamakon ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki, miliyoyin shanu sun mutu. <ref name="igi-III-492" /> Wasu kiyasi sun bambanta tsakanin mace-mace miliyan ɗaya {{Sfn|Fieldhouse|1996}} {{Efn|"In the later nineteenth century there was a series of disastrous crop failures in India leading not only to starvation but to epidemics. Most were regional, but the death toll could be huge. Thus, to take only some of the worst famines for which the death rate is known, some 800,000 died in the North West Provinces, Punjab, and Rajasthan in 1837–38; perhaps 2 million in the same region in 1860–61; nearly a million in different areas in 1866–67; 4.3 million in widely spread areas in 1876–78, an additional 1.2 million in the North West Provinces and Kashmir in 1877–78; and, worst of all, over 5 million in a famine that affected a large population of India in 1896–97. In 1899–1900 more than a million were thought to have died, conditions being worse because of the shortage of food following the famines only two years earlier. Thereafter the only major loss of life through famine was in 1943 under exceptional wartime conditions.(p. 132)"{{sfn|Fieldhouse|1996|p=132}}}} da miliyan 4.5 {{Sfn|Fagan|2009}} . == Dalilai == Masana tarihi suna kallon yunwar a matsayin sakamakon hulɗar da ke tsakanin girgizar yanayi da tattalin arzikin siyasa wanda ya fi fifita kwanciyar hankali a fannin samun kudin shiga, kasuwannin duniya, da kuma nauyin soja na daular fiye da tsaron rayuwa. Haɗakar tattara kudaden shiga mai tsauri, ci gaba da fitar da su zuwa ƙasashen waje, rage musu radadi, da kuma musanta laifin gwamnati a hukumance ya sa masana suka kwatanta yunwar daga 1899 zuwa 1900 a matsayin bala'in jin kai da kuma zargin mulkin mallaka. {{Sfn|Davis|2001}} <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall-Matthews |first=David |year=2008 |title=Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=1189–1212 |doi= |jstor= |quote=}}</ref> === Rashin nasarar damina ta bazara === A Lardunan Tsakiya da Berar, yankin da ya fuskanci matsananciyar wahala a lokacin yunwar 1896-1897, shekarar 1898 ta kasance mai kyau a fannin noma, kamar yadda take a rabin farko na 1899; duk da haka, bayan faduwar damina ta bazara ta 1899, wani bala'i na biyu ya fara jim kaɗan bayan haka. <ref name="dyson1991a-15">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dyson|1991a}}</ref> An samu hauhawar farashi cikin sauri kuma girbin kharif na kaka ya gaza gaba ɗaya. <ref name="dyson1991a-15" /> Bayan sukar da jama'a suka yi wa shirin agaji a lokacin yunwar da ta gabata, a wannan karon an shirya wani ingantaccen shirin agaji; zuwa watan Yulin 1900, kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na al'ummar lardin suna cikin wani nau'in agajin yunwa. <ref name="dyson1991a-15" /> Damina ta bazara ta 1900 ta samar da ruwan sama mai yawa, kuma kafin kaka, aikin noma ya fara; saboda haka, yawancin ayyukan agajin yunwa sun rufe kafin Disamba 1900. <ref name="dyson1991a-15" /> Gabaɗaya, yunwar 1899-1900 ba ta yi tsanani sosai a wannan yankin kamar yunwar da aka yi shekaru biyu da suka gabata ba. <ref name="dyson1991a-15" /> A Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, akasin haka lamarin ya kasance: yunwar 1899-1900, wacce ta shafi al'umma miliyan 12, ta fi tsanani, musamman a Hukumar Kathiawar . <ref name="dyson1991a-17">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dyson|1991a}}</ref> Farfadowa daga yunwar da aka samu a Fadar Shugaban Kasa ma ta kasance a hankali. <ref name="dyson1991a-17" /> === Manufar mulkin mallaka === Masana sun jaddada cewa yunwar 1899-1900 ba wai kawai ta faru ne sakamakon gazawar damina ba, amma manufofin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ne suka tsara ta sosai. Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta Indiya ta ƙirƙiro tsarin "Dokokin Yunwa" bayan rikice-rikicen da suka faru a baya, duk da haka an yi amfani da waɗannan tanade-tanaden a cikin tsarin kuɗi da akida mai tsauri wanda ke iyakance tasirinsu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall-Matthews |first=David |year=2008 |title=Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=1189–1212 |doi=}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan shine haraji. Duk da gazawar girbi, ba kasafai ake rage kimanta kudaden shiga na filaye ba, kuma a gundumomi da yawa, manoma sun bukaci su biya haraji kafin su cancanci samun tallafi. Bhatia ta rubuta cewa "an yi afuwa ne kawai da rashin son rai kuma ba daidai da girman asarar amfanin gona ba," ma'ana manoma galibi suna karɓar bashi da babban riba ko sayar da filaye don biyan buƙatunsu. Waɗannan buƙatun, a cewar Elizabeth Whitcombe, sun haifar da zagayowar da yunwa ta ƙara ta'azzara basussuka da kuma ƙaurace wa filaye, wanda hakan ya sa manoma suka fi fuskantar ƙarancin abinci daga baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Whitcombe |first=Elizabeth |year=1972 |title=Famine Mortality in India, 1875–1900 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=25–30 |jstor=}}</ref> Fitar da hatsi da kuma samar da amfanin gona na kasuwanci sun ƙara ƙara ƙarancin hatsi. Ko da a gundumomin da ke ba da rahoton yanayin yunwa, ana ci gaba da fitar da alkama da auduga zuwa kasuwannin duniya ta hanyar [[Mumbai|Bombay]] . Mike Davis ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "abin mamaki na yunwa a tsakanin yalwa," inda aka haɗa Indiya cikin kwararar kayayyaki a duniya ta hanyar rage radadin rayuwa a cikin gida. {{Sfn|Davis|2001}} Wannan tsari ya nuna fifikon tsarin tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka, wanda ya bai wa fitar da kayan masarufi da tattara kudaden shiga na kwastam damar samun abinci fiye da tabbatar da tsaron abinci na cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gleason |first=Geoffrey B. |year=1973 |title=The Famine in India, 1899–1900 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-asian-studies_1973-02_32_2/page/281 |journal=Journal of Asian Studies |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=281–297 |doi= |jstor=}}</ref> An tsara matakan agaji bisa ga Dokokin Yunwa na 1883, waɗanda suka ƙunshi ayyukan agaji, shirye-shiryen abinci don aiki, da kuma taimakon kyauta ga matalauta. Duk da haka, an aiwatar da waɗannan lambobin ta hanyoyin da suka takaita damar shiga. An yi niyyar rage albashin agajin da ake bai wa ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa, bisa ga ƙa'idar cewa bai kamata tallafin gaggawa na yunwa ya haifar da "dogara" ko kuma ya hana aiki ba. Sau da yawa ana tilasta wa ma'aikata yin tafiya mai nisa don isa wuraren aiki, kuma ayyukan, kamar gina hanya ko magudanar ruwa, suna da wahala ga jiki, tare da ƙarancin abincin da ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Arnold |first=David |year=1982 |title=Famine in Peasant Consciousness and Peasant Action: Madras, 1876–1878 |journal=Subaltern Studies |volume=1 |pages=62–116}}</ref> Cinkoson jama'a da rashin tsafta a sansanonin agaji sun taimaka wajen yaduwar cutar kwalara da malaria, lamarin da ya kara yawan mace-mace. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Whitcombe |first=Elizabeth |year=1972 |title=Famine Mortality in India, 1875–1900 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=28–29 |jstor=}}</ref> Tsarin da aka yi a hukumance game da yunwar ya jaddada abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. Rahotannin gudanarwa sun danganta damuwa da gazawar damina, barkewar annoba, da kuma lalacewar fara. Manufofin kuɗi da na kasuwanci ba su sami kulawa sosai ba. Masana tarihi na baya sun danganta wannan girmamawa da tsarin laissez-faire da ya mamaye mulkin masarautar Victorian na ƙarshen zamani. Gwamnati ta dage cewa tsoma baki a kasuwannin hatsi, kamar hana fitar da kayayyaki ko tallafawa shigo da kayayyaki daga waje, zai gurbata farashi kuma ya karya gwiwar 'yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu. {{Sfn|Davis|2001}} Masu ra'ayin kishin ƙasa na Indiya da kuma sassan manema labarai sun yi suka kan wannan matsayi a lokacin. Jaridar ''Indian Spectator'' da sauran jaridun da suka yi ta yin Allah wadai da dagewar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje a lokacin yunwa, yayin da shugabanni kamar Dadabhai Naoroji da Gopal Krishna Gokhale suka ambaci yunwar a matsayin shaida ta yanayin cin zarafin mulkin mallaka. Sukar da suka yi ta jaddada cewa an yi amfani da rarar noma a Indiya ne don samar da kudaden da za a kashe wajen cinikin masarautu da kuma kashe kudaden soji, maimakon a zuba jari a fannin ban ruwa ko walwalar karkara. Muhimman abubuwan da sojoji suka fi mayar da hankali a kai sun takaita agajin. An ware manyan kuɗaɗen shiga ga tsaron daular da kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe a yankin Arewa maso Yamma a lokaci guda da ba a sami isasshen kuɗaɗen agajin yunwa ba. {{Sfn|Davis|2001}} A cewar Dutt, wannan ya nuna yanayin kasafin kuɗi na Indiya mai mulkin mallaka, inda "Kuɗin Gida" da kuɗin soja suka fi fifiko fiye da shirye-shiryen yunwa da kayayyakin more rayuwa na karkara. == Annoba == Shekarun 1896 da 1899 shekaru ne na [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] —shekarun da ruwan sama na damina ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicinsa. <ref name="bouma-kay-90">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bouma|van der Kay|1996}}</ref> Shekarar da ta biyo bayan El Niño, wadda kuma ake kira da shekara ta Niño+1, an san ta a tarihi cewa ba wai kawai tana da ruwan sama fiye da matsakaicin ba, har ma da yiwuwar barkewar cutar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|maleriya]] . <ref name="bouma-kay-90" /> Misali, a lardin Punjab na ƙasar Birtaniya ta Indiya, daga cikin shekaru 77 daga 1867 zuwa 1943, akwai shekaru 21 na El Niño, 11 daga cikinsu shekaru 11 na Niño+1 sun haifar da annobar cutar maleriya; akasin haka, akwai annoba guda shida kacal da aka samu a cikin sauran shekaru 56 da ba na El Niño ba. <ref name="bouma-kay-90" /> "Shekarun [[zazzaɓi]] suna biyo bayan shekarun yunwa" ya zama sanannen karin magana a Punjab tun kafin Sir Ronald Ross, wanda ke aiki a Babban Asibitin Fadar Shugaban Ƙasa da ke [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], ya nuna a shekarar 1898 cewa sauro yana yaɗa cutar malaria, ''Plasmodium falciparum'' . <ref name="bouma-kay-93">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bouma|van der Kay|1996}}</ref> An kuma lura, ta hannun R. Christophers a shekarar 1911, cewa shekarun da ruwan sama ya yi yawa, amma waɗanda ba a riga an yi musu shekarun yunwa ba, ba za su kasance shekarun annoba ba. <ref>Christophers, R. (1911) "Malaria in the Punjab" in ''Scientific memoirs by officers of the medical and sanitary departments''. Government of India, Superintendent Government Printing, Calcutta., quoted in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Bouma|van der Kay|1996}}</ref> Waɗannan abubuwan da aka lura sun sa wasu masana suka yi hasashen cewa ƙaruwar mace-macen cutar maleriya a cikin shekarar bayan yunwa ta faru ne sakamakon raguwar juriya ga cutar maleriya da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] ya haifar. <ref name="bouma-kay-93" /> Duk da haka, yanzu ana tsammanin cewa shekarun fari na bushewa sun rage yawan kamuwa da sauro a cikin mutane, wanda ke bunƙasa a cikin ruwa mara tsari, kuma saboda haka ga ''Plasmodium falciparum'' ; raguwar kamuwa da cutar ya haifar da raguwar garkuwar jiki a tsakanin jama'a, wanda hakan ya sa kamuwa da cutar daga baya ta fi muni. <ref name="bouma-kay-93" /> A shekarar 1900, shekara guda da ta wuce ta Niño+1, annobar zazzabin cizon sauro ta faru a Punjab, Lardunan Tsakiya da Berar, da kuma Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, inda ta haifar da mummunan sakamako. A Lardunan Tsakiya da Berar, adadin mace-mace ya yi ƙasa sosai da farko. ''Rahoton Yunwa a Lardunan Tsakiya a tsakanin 1899–1900'' ya lura da "rashin lafiya sosai a cikin watanni huɗu na farko na yunwar, daga Satumba zuwa Disamba 1899." <ref>''Report on the Famine in the Central Provinces in 1899–1900'', volume 1, Nagpur (1901)., quoted in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Dyson|1991a}}</ref> Rashin mace-macen ya nuna rashin zazzabin cizon sauro a shekarar 1899; duk da haka, a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1900, annobar kwalara ta fara, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ruwan sama na shekarar 1900 ya haifar da annobar zazzabin cizon sauro. <ref name="dyson1991a-16">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dyson|1991a}}</ref> Saboda haka, adadin mace-mace ya kai kololuwa tsakanin watan Agusta da Satumba na shekarar 1900, shekara guda bayan fara yunwa. <ref name="dyson1991a-16" /> A Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, an sake maimaita irin wannan yanayin cutar kwalara kafin damina, sannan kuma aka sake kamuwa da cutar malaria bayan damina a shekarar 1900. <ref name="dyson1991a-17" /> ''Rahoton kan Yunwa a Fadar Shugaban Kasa ta Bombay, 1899–1902'' ya bayyana annobar a matsayin "ba a taɓa ganin irinta ba," yana mai cewa "Ta kai hari ga dukkan azuzuwan kuma ba ta takaita ga mutanen da ke aikin agaji ba ..." <ref>''Report on the Famine in the Bombay Presidency, 1899–1902'', volume 1, Bombay (1903)., quoted in {{Harvard citation no brackets|Dyson|1991a}}</ref> Wasu sassan yankin Punjab, musamman yankin Bagar, suma lamarin ya shafa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> q0s05awwi9nzce56bn0eqphyym52e2a 0 168190 966892 936889 2026-10-12T17:47:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jørgen Randers''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1945) masanin kimiyya ne na ƙasar Norway, farfesa mai daraja na dabarun yanayi a Makarantar Kasuwancin Norway ta BI, <ref name="Guardian2015">{{cite news |last1=Confino |first1=Jo |date=19 January 2015 |title=It is profitable to let the world go to hell |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2015/jan/19/davos-climate-action-democracy-failure-jorgen-randers |access-date=1 November 2018 |work=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kuma mai aiki a fagen karatun nan gaba. Yankin sana'arsa ya haɗa da nazarin gaba na gaba, nazarin yanayi, tsarin tsarin tsarin, dorewa, yanayi, makamashi da Tattalin arzikin muhalli. Har ila yau, cikakken memba ne na Club of Rome, darektan kamfani, memba ne na kwamitocin da ba na riba ba, mai ba da shawara kan kasuwanci kan al'amuran dorewar duniya da kuma marubuci. Littattafansa sun haɗa da aikin asali ''The Limits to Growth (marubucin) '', da Reinventing Prosperity . Ya yi aiki, tsakanin 1994 da 1999, a matsayin mataimakin darakta janar na Asusun Kula da namun daji na Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Randers, Jorgen |url=https://www.clubofrome.org/member/randers-jorgen/ |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=clubofrome.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Randers ɗan masanin kimiyyar Norway ne Gunnar Randers kuma ɗan'uwan ɗan dutse na Norway Arne Randers Heen . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goksøyr |first=Matti |date=2017-10-26 |title=Arne Randers Heen |url=http://nbl.snl.no/Arne_Randers_Heen |journal=Norsk Biografisk Leksikon |language=no}}</ref> Ya sami Masters of Science in Solid State Physics a Jami'ar Oslo a 1968, da kuma PhD a cikin Gudanarwa a MIT Sloan School of Management a 1973, bayan da aka karɓa da farko don kammala PhD a cikin kimiyyar lissafi. <ref name="bi.edu">{{Cite web |title=Jørgen Randers |url=https://www.bi.edu/about-bi/employees/department-of-law2/jorgen-randers/ |website=BI Business School |access-date=2026-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813010342/https://www.bi.edu/about-bi/employees/department-of-law2/jorgen-randers/ |archive-date=2023-08-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="anglia.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Professor Jorgen Randers - Anglia Ruskin University |url=https://www.anglia.ac.uk/graduation-and-alumni/honorary-award-holders2/jorgen-randers |website=www.anglia.ac.uk |access-date=2026-09-10 |archive-date=2019-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417034050/https://www.anglia.ac.uk/graduation-and-alumni/honorary-award-holders2/jorgen-randers |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda yake a MIT, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin marubuta huɗu na asali na The Limits to Growth, "rubutun asali game da amfani da samfurin kwamfuta wajen kwaikwayon sakamakon tattalin arziki da ci gaban jama'a a cikin duniya mai iyaka". == Ayyukan ilimi == A shekara ta 1973, an nada shi Mataimakin Farfesa na Gudanarwa a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta MIT Sloan . A shekara ta 1974, ya bar MIT don neman aiki a harkokin kasuwanci.<ref name="anglia.ac.uk" /> Daga 1981 zuwa 1989 ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban makarantar kasuwanci ta BI Norwegian, kuma ya yi aiki ne a matsayin farfesa daga 1985 zuwa 2015. Tun daga shekara ta 2015, ya kasance Farfesa Emeritus . <ref name="bi.edu" /> Daga shekara ta 2001 zuwa shekara ta 2012, ya kasance babban memba na bangaren koyarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Gudanarwa ta Cambridge, Cambridge . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2014 |title=Professor Jorgen Randers — Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership |url=https://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/directory/professor-jorgen-randers |website=www.cisl.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] o9aajc4p65vf5uxblw4st0x7dubsp5w 0 171406 967006 936555 2026-10-12T21:54:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967006 wikitext text/x-wiki A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, a shekarar 1969, an kashe Vivian Strong, yarinya mai shekaru 14 a Omaha, Nebraska, Amurka, lokacin da wani farar jami'in 'yan sanda ya harbe ta a bayan kai ba tare da gargadi ba. An tura fararen [[Jami'an Ƴan Sanda|Jami'in 'yan sanda]], da abokin aikinsa na baki, zuwa wurin saboda akwai "matasa da ke shiga".Lokacin da suka isa wurin wani karamin rukuni na matasa sun tsere daga wani gidan da aka watsar inda suke rawa. Kisan ya haifar da tashin hankali na kwana uku a yankin Omaha mafi yawan Black Northeast. Bayan an dakatar da shi sannan aka kore shi, an tuhumi jami'in kuma ya ce ba shi da laifi ga kisan kai. Bayan shari'ar, inda ya ba da shaida da kansa, wani fararen juri an wanke shi kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a kan 'yan sanda na Omaha. Tun daga wannan lokacin an nuna harbi a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. == Vivian Strong == An haifi 'yar James da Kasie Strong, Vivian a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1954, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ta halarci Tech Jr. High a Omaha, Nebraska kuma ta shirya zama sakatariya, amma saboda yanayin zuciya da ta ci gaba a 1964 (wani bawul mai leaky aortic), halartarta ba ta dace ba. <ref name=":5" /> Ta ziyarci asibitoci da wuraren kulawa na gida; alal misali a watan Janairun 1964 ta zauna a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Nebraska sama da wata daya (Janairu 23 - Fabrairu 27), kuma daga Afrilu zuwa Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, ta kasance "mai haƙuri" a Hattie B. Munroe Home.<ref name=":5" /> Tana da 'yar'uwa daya da' yan'uwa maza shida. Wata abokiyar yarinta ta bayyana ta a matsayin, "mai dadi" da kuma "aboki mai kyau ga kowa da kowa".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Helen Howard and Bousaina |date=18 December 2022 |title=North Omaha Community Remembers the Innocence of Vivian Strong |url=https://omaha.com/north-omaha-community-remembers-the-innocence-of-vivian-strong/article_6591509a-7cee-11ed-98ee-b7d8d11015e0.html |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=Omaha World-Herald |language=en}}</ref> == Yin harbi == A ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1969, ba fiye da matasa tara suka taru ba, suka buga kiɗa, kuma suka yi rawa a wani biki da aka shirya a wani ɗakin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin Logan Fontenelle Housing Project . Bayan kiran da aka yi wa 'yan sanda game da zargin fashi, jami'ai biyu sun iso, kuma matasa sun tsere daga ƙofar baya. James Loder - fararen jami'in biyun - ya harbe shi cikin ƙungiyar da ke gudu ba tare da gargadi ba, wanda ya bugi Strong mai shekaru 14 a bayan kai, ya kashe ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holzfaster |first=Sydnie |date=2020-06-24 |title=51 years later Omaha remembers Vivian Strong |url=https://fox42kptm.com/news/local/vivian-strong-anniversary |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=KPTM}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Chatelain |first=Dirk |date=22 July 2019 |title=Memories may fade, but the legends of North Omaha can never be forgotten |url=https://www.omaha.com/sports/memories-may-fade-but-the-legends-of-north-omaha-can-never-be-forgotten/article_9a037bd7-5871-5cec-8162-0df940ab334c.html |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=Omaha.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629183857/https://www.omaha.com/sports/memories-may-fade-but-the-legends-of-north-omaha-can-never-be-forgotten/article_9a037bd7-5871-5cec-8162-0df940ab334c.html |archive-date=2020-06-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dukansu James W. Smith - abokin tarayya na Afirka na Loder - da 'yar'uwar Strong, Carol, sun tambayi Loder, "Me ya sa ka harbe ta?", amma bai amsa ba.<ref name=":3" /> A cikin labarin labarai na farko game da abin da ya faru, wanda ya bayyana a kan murfin Omaha World Herald a ranar 25 ga Yuni, Linda Bradley mai shekaru 19, mai kula da Strong a lokacin, ya ce, "Muna wasa da rikodin a cikin hanya. Muna yin hakan koyaushe. Har ma na je kusa da maƙwabta don ganin cewa zai zama da kyau".Ta ce lokacin da 'yan sanda suka isa sun "tafi don ganin abin da ke faruwa," kuma ta kammala da cewa Loder "ya harbe ta dama a kai. Bai yi ihu ba, ko harbi a cikin iska ko wani abu. Akwai harbi daya kawai. === Amsar al'umma === Rikicin ya biyo baya na kwanaki uku a unguwar Arewa maso gabashin Omaha, wanda ya haifar da raunin 88 da sama da dala miliyan daya a cikin lalacewar dukiya <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2020 |title=Preston Love Jr.: Understand North Omaha's past to chart the best course for the future |url=https://www.omaha.com/opinion/preston-love-jr-understand-north-omahas-past-to-chart-the-best-course-for-the-future/article_d485db11-54cb-5a99-a29c-48a75055eea2.html |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=Omaha.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810060343/https://omaha.com/opinion/preston-love-jr-understand-north-omahas-past-to-chart-the-best-course-for-the-future/article_d485db11-54cb-5a99-a29c-48a75055eea2.html |archive-date=2020-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> da kuma yin kanun labarai na kasa. [4] A cikin waɗannan kwanaki uku kawai, an kama mutum hamsin da shida, dukansu 'yan Afirka ne. A lokacin tashin hankali, Black Panthers, dauke da makamai, sun kare majami'u na Black da jaridar Black ta gida, Omaha Star . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=Courtney Allen-Gentry: Vivian Strong's killing in North Omaha in 1969 left a stain on my soul |url=https://www.omaha.com/opinion/courtney-allen-gentry-vivian-strongs-killing-in-north-omaha-in-1969-left-a-stain-on/article_76cc365a-d89f-5d0e-9c1b-db19fb329e9a.html |access-date=2020-06-26 |website=Omaha.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703001041/https://www.omaha.com/opinion/courtney-allen-gentry-vivian-strongs-killing-in-north-omaha-in-1969-left-a-stain-on/article_76cc365a-d89f-5d0e-9c1b-db19fb329e9a.html |archive-date=2020-07-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin mako, a ranar 28 ga Yuni, mata 30 baƙar fata da fari sun zargi 'yan sanda da zalunci a Kusa da Arewacin Omaha, da kuma samun ma'auni biyu don kula da fararen fata da baƙar fata.<ref name="Police-keep-watch" /> Shugaban 'yan sanda ya musanta duka tuhume-tuhumen kuma ya yi magana da tawagar sama da awa daya. Ɗaya daga cikin matan ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata 'yan sanda su mai da hankali sosai ga binciken kwakwalwa na sabbin ma'aikata kafin a tura su cikin filin. Hakazalika, bayan kwana biyu, Magajin garin Omaha Eugene Leahy ya sadu da tawagar mata 15 na Afirka, wadanda suka koka game da nuna bambanci da 'yan sanda suka yi; a mayar da martani, Magajin ya ce za a "yi nazari da kuma nazarin korafin su". Kwanaki da yawa bayan kisan, mai fafutuka Ernie Chambers ya yi kira ga birnin da ya biya lalacewar $ 100,000 ga iyayen Strong. Magajin garin Leahy ya amsa ta hanyar cewa "ba daidai ba ne" kuma, "Ba na cewa adadi na $ 100,000 ba ne ga rayuwar yarinya amma abin ban dariya ne a bukaci birnin ya biya shi, "yana cewa a maimakon haka za a sami maganin yadda ya kamata a kotu. Membobin Ikilisiyar Presbyterian ta United sun ba da gudummawa kusan $ 300 ga dangin Strong, kuma kimanin 'yan sanda 35 da masu kashe gobara na Omaha, mafi yawansu 'yan Afirka ne, sun ba da kyautar $ 150. === jana'izar === An binne Strong a Kabari na Mount Hope a Omaha, Nebraska . Reverend Janar R. Woods, shugaban kwamitin daidaitawa na 'yanci a Omaha, ya yi magana a jana'izar kuma ya ce mutuwar Strong ta kasance ne saboda "ayyukan da kuma rashin aikin' yan sanda, majalisar birni, mambobin majalisa da' yan ƙasa na Nebrakska. "Sanata na jihar Nebraska Edward Danner ya ce, "Ina jin kunyar tsayawa a nan a yau saboda na yi ƙoƙari sosai a kokarin da nake yi na majalisa".<ref name=":4" />Sanata Danner ya yi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan majalisa don zartar da gyare-gyare wanda zai sa 'yan sanda su fi alhakin ayyukansu.<ref name=":4" /> == Shari'a == Da farko, Shugaban 'yan sanda Richard R. Anderson ya nuna cewa za a dakatar da Loder na kwanaki 15 sannan a kore shi. An saki Loder daga kurkuku a kan jinginar $ 500, kuma Local 531 na AFL-CIO Employees Union sun ba da gudummawa aƙalla $ 3,000 ga kare Loder. Ya shigar da rokon "ba laifi ba" ga zargin kisan kai. A cikin lokacin tsakanin harbi da shari'ar kotu, Loder ya nemi sake dawowa ta Hukumar Ma'aikatan Birnin, amma hukumar ta zaɓi hana daukar mataki har sai sakamakon shari'ar. === Manazarta === [[File:Pwa-public-works-administration-housing-projects-for-negroes-omaha-nebraska.jpg|alt=Several Black children play on a swing set at the Logan Fontenelle Housing Project in Omaha, Nebraska, 1938.|thumb|Yara suna wasa a Logan Fontenelle Housing Project (1938) ]] Tun da jami'ai sun haramta duk maganganun da suka biyo bayan harbi, ba sai da aka fara sauraron jama'a ba ne suka ji labarin Loder game da abin da ya faru. Sanarwar Loder, da aka dauka sa'o'i uku bayan harbi, an karanta ta a kotu, tana cewa, "Idan na san cewa mace ce, da ban harbe harbi ba".<ref name=":6" />Loder ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kira sau uku ga mutumin da ke gudu, "Stop ko zan harbe. "A lokacin shaidarsa, Jami'in Smith ya ce, "Na yi imanin Jami'in Loder ya ce wani abu kamar 'dakatar' ko 'dakatar'. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6kjdazea43qjy3haaqg4en0sf2y2usk 0 171712 966956 937449 2026-10-12T21:19:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Karl_Hals,_maleri_av_Andreas_Bloch,_1914,_Oslo_Museum,_OB.00158.jpg|thumb| Karl Marius Anton Johan Hals]] '''Karl Marius Anton Johan Hals''' (27 Afrilu 1822 - 7 Satumba 1898) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Norway wanda ya kafa kamfanin piano Brødrene Hals tare. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Norway tare da Jam'iyyar Conservative . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Andreas Kjeldsberg |title=Karl Hals |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Karl_Hals |access-date=February 1, 2018 |publisher=Norsk biografisk leksikon}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brødrene Hals |url=https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Br%C3%B8drene_Hals |access-date=February 1, 2018 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211071709/https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Br%C3%B8drene_Hals |archive-date=February 11, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bayani == An haifi Hals a Sørum da ke Akershus, Norway. Shi ne ɗan Caspar Andreas Hals (1772-1846) da Martha Maria Nilson (Nielsen) (1787-1828). Mahaifinsa Kanar ne kuma daga baya jami'in kwastam ne. Lokacin da aka naɗa mahaifinsa jami'in kwastam a [[Oslo|Christiania]] (yanzu Oslo) a shekara ta 1828, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa can. <ref name="numis">{{Cite journal |last=Antonsen |first=Jack-Morris |year=2004 |title=Den Norske Haandvaerks- og Industriforening i Christiania |url=http://www.myntkabinettet.se/snt/snt82004.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Svensk Numismatisk Tidsskrift |issue=8 |pages=176–178 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726075527/http://www.myntkabinettet.se/snt/snt82004.pdf |archive-date=July 26, 2007 |access-date=2008-10-05}}</ref> Ya kasance ɗalibi a [[Makarantar Cathedral ta Oslo]] kuma ya halarci Cibiyar Soja ta Strøms wanda ya yi murabus a shekarar 1840. Tare da ƙanensa Petter Martin Emil Nilson Hals (1823-1871), <ref name="II">{{Cite web |title=Norwegian piano factories |url=http://www.trondspianoservice.no/documents/97.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724185151/http://www.trondspianoservice.no/documents/97.html |archive-date=2011-07-24 |access-date=2008-10-05}}</ref> ya yi karatun kafinta tsakanin 1840 da 1842. Bayan haka, Karl Hals ya shafe lokaci a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]] da [[Hamburg]] don koyon ƙwarewar gina piano . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harald Rise |title=Karl Hals |url=https://snl.no/Karl_Hals |access-date=February 1, 2018 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> == Sana'a == Daga nan sai ya koma Christiania don ya kafa masana'antar piano ''ta Brødrene Hals'' a shekarar 1847 tare da ɗan'uwansa. <ref name="numis" /> Da farko suna aiki da mutum ɗaya kawai; a shekarar 1866 wannan adadin ya karu zuwa 36. An motsa wuraren samar da kayayyaki a farkon shekarun, <ref name="II" /> daga ƙarshe suka zauna a wurin da aka gina Hotel Continental na baya. <ref name="I" /> Ɗan'uwansa ya mutu a shekara ta 1871, duk da haka Karl Hals yana da 'ya'ya maza da jikoki da dama waɗanda suka shiga cikin kamfanin a matsayin manajoji da masu su. Zuwa shekarar 1897, shekara guda kafin mutuwar Karl Hals, kamfanin ya kai kololuwar ma'aikata 100. <ref name="II" /> Ya isar da piano ba kawai ga abokan cinikin Scandinavia ba, har ma ga Amurka da Ostiraliya. <ref name="numis" /> Ana baje kolin piano guda ɗaya a Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya da Fasaha na Norway . Daga 1887 zuwa 1908, kamfanin ya kuma gudanar da shagon kiɗa da ofishin kade-kade. <ref name="I" /> Hals shine shugaban kungiyar masu daukar ma'aikata ''Den Norske Haandvaerks- og Industriforening, Christiania'' daga 1878 zuwa 1897. <ref name="numis" /> Bugu da kari an zabe shi a majalisar dokokin Norway a 1889, wanda ke wakiltar mazabar ''Kristiania, Hønefoss og Kongsvinger'' . Ya yi wa'adi ɗaya kawai. == Rayuwa ta sirri == A 1851, ya auri Thora Alvilde Christina Svanekiær (1820-1904). 'Yarsu, Marie, ta auri mawakin Ole Olsen . [1] An ayyana Hals a matsayin jarumin rundunar Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav a shekarar 1874, kuma a shekarar 1889 aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa Kwamandan wannan rundunar. Shi ne kuma Kwamandan Order of the Dannebrog da kuma Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur . [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1822]] ow44533mkpnlh89s9w2l0oiarxzqb5i 0 171729 966852 937552 2026-10-12T14:44:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''John Daniel George''' (16 ga Satumba, 1928 - 10 ga Disamba, 1988) [[ɗan siyasa]] [[California]] ne kuma Ba'amurke na farko da aka zaba a cikin Kwamitin Masu Kula da Alameda County . George ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da Gundumar Alameda County ta 5 sama da shekaru goma daga Disamba 1976 zuwa Janairu 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Alameda County Sesquicentennial Celebration 1853-2003 Board of Supervisors |url=https://www.acgov.org/ac150/board1885.htm |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=www.acgov.org}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Asibitin ilimin hauka wanda Alameda Health System ke gudanarwa, wanda aka fi sani da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Alameda County, John George Psychiatric Pavilion ya buɗe a 1992 kuma an sanya masa suna bayan George don girmama shawararsa ga marasa lafiya na hankali. Tun daga lokacin an sake masa suna asibitin John George Psychiatry George ya bayyana cewa "Mutanenmu [Amurkawa na Afirka] sune dabbobi na farko na dakin gwaje-gwaje a Amurka. "A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1989 an kafa kulob din Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma an sanya masa suna bayan George, kungiyar John George Democratic Club wanda burinsa shine "A cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa kuma a kokarin kiyaye muryarsa da hangen nesa a cikin Jam'iyyar Democratic. " An bayyana George a matsayin babban mai ba da goyon baya ga kiwon lafiya, jin daɗi, da haƙƙin ma'aikata na dukan 'yan ƙasa na County, mai fafutuka na farko a cikin gwagwarmayar haƙƙin jama'a da aiki mai kyau kuma shugaba na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙungiyar Anti-Apartheid Movement. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] 7ils4d6x3nuf9cv5wv83fivqgirgwu9 0 171963 966856 938399 2026-10-12T15:17:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Johnnie Anderson Jones Sr.''' (Nuwamba 30, 1919 - Afrilu 23, 2022) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne, soja, kuma lauyan kare hakkin bil'adama wanda ke da alaƙa da takunkumin bas na Baton Rouge na 1953, takunkumin motar bas na farko, a Baton Rouge, Louisiana . Wannan ya kasance farkon takunkumin bas na Montgomery na 1955 wanda [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] ya jagoranta a [[Montgomery|Montgomery, Alabama]]. Jones shi ne jami'in soja na biyu na Afirka na Amurka. A cikin 2021, ya sami Purple Heart, shekaru 77 bayan da ya ji rauni ta hanyar shrapnel a lokacin Operation Overlord, mamayewar D-Day na Omaha Beach a yakin duniya na biyu. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai ta Louisiana, daga 1972 zuwa 1976. <ref name="auto1" /> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Johnnie Anderson Jones <ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnnie Anderson Jones Sr. Obituary (1919 - 2022) the Advocate |url=https://obits.theadvocate.com/us/obituaries/theadvocate/name/johnnie-jones-obituary?id=34532863}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1919, a Laurel Hill, Louisiana, a West Feliciana Parish, kilomita uku kudu da layin [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] kusa da Woodville, Mississippi. Ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas, shi ɗan manoma ne mai hayar Henry E. Jones (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1876) da Sarah Ann Coats (wanda aka rubuta Costes), kuma jikan Emily Bowers, tsohon bautar Afirka ta Afirka da ke wucewa a matsayin fari.<ref name="auto6" /> Jones ta halarci makarantar firamare har zuwa aji na shida a tsarin hukumar makarantar West Feliciana Parish . Iyayen Jones an dauke su daya daga cikin manoman Afirka da suka fi cin nasara a yankin.<ref name="auto6" /> Jones ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Nuni ta Jami'ar Kudancin (wanda yanzu ake kira Southern Lab). Kafin ya shiga soja, ya halarci Jami'ar Kudancin. == Aikin soja == Yayinda yake halartar Jami'ar Kudancin, an rubuta Jones a cikin Sojojin Amurka a 1943 . An sanya shi a cikin 494th Port Battalion, wani battalion tashar jiragen ruwa na Afirka da ke haɗe da 6th Engineer Special Brigade wanda ya shiga cikin Operation Overlord wanda ya haifar da mamaye Normandy, Faransa, (D-Day) a Omaha Beach . Jones ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in warrant wanda ke da alhakin jagorantar ƙungiyar saukar da kayan aiki da kayayyaki a kan Omaha Beach. Jones shi ne jami'in warrant na farko na Afirka (Junior Grade) a cikin Sojojin Amurka. <ref name="auto1" /> Jones ya sauka a kan Omaha Beach a karo na uku na mamayewar Normandy a ranar D, 7 ga Yuni, 1944. Ya ji rauni a kan Omaha Beach, yana ci gaba da raunin baya daga jirginsa da ya buga ma'adinai, kuma yana karɓar raunuka a wuyansa daga hare-haren iska na Jamus da kuma hare-harun 'yan bindiga na Jamus. Kimanin sojoji 2,000 na Afirka sun shiga cikin mamayar Normandy a wurare daban-daban. Jones ya ci gaba da aiki a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya yi yaƙi a yakin Arewacin Faransa a Yammacin Yamma a Yaƙin Bulge, yaƙin da ya fi girma da Sojojin Amurka suka taɓa yi kuma babban abin da ya haifar da ƙarshen WWII. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2021, Sojojin Amurka sun ba Jones kyautar Purple Heart, shekaru 77 bayan ya ji rauni ta hanyar raunin shrapnel a lokacin mamayewar D-Day na Omaha Beach a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. [1] Bikin, wanda aka gudanar a Tsohon Jihar Capitol a Baton Rouge, ya samu halartar manyan mutane daban-daban ciki har da janar Janar Russel L. Honore mai ritaya, Joey Strickland, sakataren Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji ta Louisiana, da Sanata na Amurka Bill Cassidy wanda ya sanya lambar yabo ta Purple Heart a kan jaket na Jones.[2][3] Janar James McConville, Babban Ma'aikacin Sojojin Amurka, ya yaba wa Jones a rubuce, yana mai lura da cewa "Muna bin ku (Mista Jones) bashin godiya, duka don sadaukarwarku a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma kasancewa abin koyi ga 'yan Afirka na Afirka da ke son yin hidima.”[2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] 12niztantmqd1qzg3xlspx6t0h5cnod 0 171995 967003 962782 2026-10-12T21:41:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2015, an harbe Eric Courtney Harris mai shekaru 43 a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a karkashin kasa a [[Tulsa|Tulsa, Oklahoma]], yayin da Harris ya gudu daga hukumomi ba tare da makami ba.<ref name="nyti_Lawy">{{Cite web |last=Pérez-Peña |first=Richard |date=April 14, 2015 |title=Lawyers Square Off in Tulsa as Reserve Deputy Surrenders in Unarmed Man's Death |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/us/tulsa-reserve-sheriffs-deputy-surrenders-in-shooting-of-eric-harris.html |access-date=2015-05-03 |website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="nyma_Vide">{{Cite web |last=Bankoff, Caroline |last2=Fuller, Jaime |name-list-style=amp |date=2015-04-13 |title=Video: 'F*ck Your Breath', Says Cop to Man Who Has Just Been Fatally Shot |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2015/04/fck-your-breath-says-cop-to-man-who-was-shot.html |access-date=2015-05-03 |website=New York}}</ref><ref name="esqu_YouC">{{Cite web |last=Pierce, Charles P. |date=2015-04-13 |title=You Can't Tell The Cops From The Cops Any More |url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/news/a34321/this-is-all-very-strange-police-work/ |access-date=2015-05-03 |website=Esquire}}</ref> Yayinda ake rinjayar Harris, Mataimakin Tsaro na Tulsa County Robert Charles Bates, mai shekaru 73, ya yi iƙirarin ya rikitar da makaminsa, Smith &amp;amp; Wesson .357 revolver, don Model X26 Taser . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yan |first=Holly |date=April 14, 2015 |title=How easy is it to confuse a gun for a Taser? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/14/us/taser-gun-confusion/index.html |access-date=April 12, 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Bates ya harbe Harris a baya lokacin da yake ƙasa. A cewar ofishin Sheriff na Tulsa County, nan da nan ya ce bayan haka, "Oh, na harbe shi! Na yi nadama".<ref name="tulsaworld12">{{Cite web |last=Goforth |first=Dylan |last2=Branstetter |first2=Ziva |date=April 16, 2015 |title=Sources: Supervisors told to falsify reserve deputy's training records; department announces internal review |url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/homepage1/sources-supervisors-told-to-falsify-reserve-deputy-s-training-records/article_a6330f10-a9fb-51e3-ab5e-4d97b03c6c04.html |access-date=2015-05-02}}</ref>An sami Bates da laifin kisan kai na biyu (kisan kai wanda ya haifar da sakaci na laifi) kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru hudu a kurkuku, kuma an sake shi bayan ya yi watanni 18. == Sakamakon haka == Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa Harris ba shi da bindiga lokacin da aka kama shi kuma aka harbe shi. Bidiyo na tabarau na rana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mclaughlin |first=Eliott C. |last2=Brumfield |first2=Ben |date=April 12, 2015 |title=Video released of deadly shooting in Tulsa after police chase |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/12/us/tulsa-police-shooting-video/index.html |access-date=April 9, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> yana nuna hannayensa suna fadowa yayin da yake gudu. Daga baya aka tuhumi Bates da kisan kai na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2015 |title=Reserve deputy charged with manslaughter turns himself in at Tulsa Jail |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/crimewatch/reserve-deputy-charged-with-manslaughter-turns-himself-in-at-tulsa/article_883e0747-46e9-595d-9c4f-e1cb4fdabbf4.html |access-date=2015-05-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lauyan iyalin Harris Donald Smolen ya ce bidiyon tabarau ya nuna Mataimakin Bates tare da Taser mai launin rawaya a kirjinsa da .357 revolver a hannunsa na dama yayin da yake tsaye a kan Harris. "Babu wata hanya, idan an horar da Mista Bates kwata-kwata, wanda na yi imanin za a nuna shi ta hanyar rashin rubuce-rubuce don tabbatar da horarwarsa, cewa jami'in da aka horar zai rikitar da waɗannan makamai biyu, in ji Smolen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardzinski |first=Brian |date=2015-04-14 |title=Tulsa Reserve Sheriff's Deputy Turns Himself In To Face Manslaughter Charges |url=https://www.kgou.org/oklahoma-news/2015-04-14/tulsa-reserve-sheriffs-deputy-turns-himself-in-to-face-manslaughter-charges |access-date=2015-05-02 |website=KGOU.org |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A cikin bidiyon, ana iya jin Harris yana cewa, "Ina rasa numfashi," wanda Mataimakin Joseph Byars mai shekaru 38 ya amsa, "Ka zubar da numfashinka". Mataimakin Michael Huckeby mai shekaru 24 kuma an nuna shi a cikin bidiyon yana durƙusa a kan Harris yayin da aka gaya wa Harris mai mutuwa, "Ba za ku gudu ba, "Kashe fuck up".Ba a gano mataimakin na uku da ke hana Harris ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Branstetter |first=Ziva |last2=Goforth |first2=Dylan |date=April 15, 2015 |title=Sheriff's Office confirms names of deputies in video, says they didn't hear gunshot |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/sheriff-s-office-confirms-names-of-deputies-in-video-says/article_5e492153-5a2a-55c4-9fee-afc92dbd3a4d.html |access-date=2015-05-02}}</ref> Sgt. Jim Clark, wanda aka hayar a matsayin "masanin shaida" ga sashen sheriff, ya ce a wani taron manema labarai a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2015, cewa Bates "ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da shi na gaskiya na zamewa da kamawa", kuma ya zama ruwan dare ga jami'an tilasta bin doka su fuskanci raguwar ji, hangen nesa na rami, ko shiga cikin "mai tuka kansa" daga hanyar niyyarsa saboda an "kama shi" ta hanyar amsa mai karfi kuma an aika shi a wata hanya daban. "Bates bai aikata laifi ba, "in ji Clark, kuma babu wani keta manufofi da ya faru. Smolen ya gaya wa Tulsa World cewa hukuncin Clark "ba shi da kyau kuma ba shi da shawara", yana kalubalantar rahoton cewa Harris "ba shi le haɗin kai kuma yana da gwagwarmaya" yayin da masu kashe gobara suka yi ƙoƙari su ba da taimako, kuma Harris ba zai iya yin gwagwarmayar gwagwarayya ba tunda yana fama da numfashi mai wahala kuma hannayensa sun ɗaure. "Yana iya amfani da kalmar 'yaƙi' saboda wannan shine abin da Ofishin Sheriff ke gaya musu, " Smolen ya gaya wa Duniya. "Wani madadin shine amfani da kalmar yaƙi ya fi bayyana Mista Harris yana gwagwarmaya don samun iska da kuma irin rufi cikin ciwo daga raunin harbin bindiga. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bacon |first=John |last2=Welch |first2=William M. |date=2015-04-13 |title=Tulsa reserve deputy charged with manslaughter |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/04/13/oklahoma-shooting-video/25702233/ |access-date=2015-05-02 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> === Laifin cancantar Bates === Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta Tulsa nan da nan ta nemi bayyana dangantakarsu da Bates da Clark. "Robert Bates ba shi da alaƙa ta yanzu tare da Sashen 'yan sanda na Tulsa kuma bai sami ko ɗaya a cikin shekaru 50, "in ji TPD a cikin sanarwar manema labarai. "Bugu da kari, Mista Jim Clark, mai ba da shawara ga Sheriff na Tulsa County, ba ya wakiltar Sashen 'yan sanda na Tulsa kuma Sashen' yan sanda na Tulsi ya gudanar da kimantawa game da wannan lamarin. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Corey |date=April 13, 2015 |title=Attorney questions official report in fatal shooting by Tulsa County reserve deputy |url=https://tulsaworld.com/newshomepage2/attorney-questions-official-report-in-fatal-shooting-by-tulsa-county/article_86292aa0-3466-5f83-ac43-78b4a87a3fb4.html |access-date=2015-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=April |date=2015-04-13 |title=TPD responds to rumors on deputy involved in shooting |url=https://www.krmg.com/news/news/local/tpd-responds-rumors-deputy-involved-shooting/nksCS/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310162617/https://www.krmg.com/news/news/local/tpd-responds-rumors-deputy-involved-shooting/nksCS/ |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |access-date=2015-05-02 |publisher=Krmg.com}}</ref>Daga baya a wannan makon, Tulsa World ta ruwaito cewa an umarci masu kula a Ofishin Sheriff na Tulsa County da su yaudari bayanan horar da Mataimakin Bates.<ref name="tulsaworld1">{{Cite web |last=Goforth |first=Dylan |last2=Branstetter |first2=Ziva |date=April 16, 2015 |title=Sources: Supervisors told to falsify reserve deputy's training records; department announces internal review |url=https://www.tulsaworld.com/homepage1/sources-supervisors-told-to-falsify-reserve-deputy-s-training-records/article_a6330f10-a9fb-51e3-ab5e-4d97b03c6c04.html |access-date=2015-05-02}}</ref> Mai magana da yawun Sheriff Shannon Clark daga baya ya ce takardun ba za su kasance da mahimmanci ba saboda Bates, wanda ya ba da gudummawar $ 2,500 ga kuma ya jagoranci yakin neman zaben Sheriff Stanley Glanz, an ba shi banbanci na musamman. A shekara ta 2008, Bates ya kuma ba da gudummawar sabbin kayan aiki ga sashen sheriff, gami da sabbin Dodge Chargers da Crown Victoria, da kuma kwamfuta don mota daya, da kuma $ 5,000 "kamara ta shari'a" da ruwan tabarau. A cikin 2010, Bates ya ba da gudummawar Ford F-150 da aka yi amfani da shi na 2007 da sabon Chevy Tahoe na 2010, tare da rediyo na hannu na Motorola "...don sashin magani ya yi amfani da su don aikin sa ido, "bisa ga bayanan sashen. A shekara ta gaba ya ba sashen [[Toyota Avalon]] da aka yi amfani da shi a shekarar 1997 wanda aka yi niyya don "...amfani da shi azaman motar ɓoye ta ƙungiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi. " Glanz ya ce a lokacin wata hira da wata tashar rediyo cewa mataimakin sheriff wanda ya tabbatar da Bates ya ci gaba da aiki ga Ofishin Asirin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marler |first=Tami |date=April 15, 2015 |title=Serious Questions Raised in Taser/Gun Mixup Fatal Shooting - www.1170kfaq.com |url=http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kfaq/news/Serious-Questions-Raised-in-TaserGun-Mixup-Fatal-Shooting-299968631.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419012815/http://www.scrippsmedia.com/kfaq/news/Serious-Questions-Raised-in-TaserGun-Mixup-Fatal-Shooting-299968631.html |archive-date=April 19, 2015 |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=Scrippsmedia.com}}</ref> yayin da Ofishin Sheriff na Maricopa County ya musanta samar da Bates da horarwar da ya yi iƙirarin. Glanz ya yi murabus, daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015, sakamakon abin kunya game da rashin cancantar Bates. An gudanar da zabe don maye gurbinsa a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2016. A shekara ta 2016, ya yi ikirarin aikata laifi saboda rashin fitar da bayanan da suka tabbatar da cewa sashen ya san Bates bai cancanta ba. An yanke wa Glanz hukuncin shekara guda a kurkuku, amma an dakatar da hukuncinsa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Juozapavicius |first=Justin |date=May 10, 2018 |title=Drinking while on parole? Ex-reserve deputy Robert Bates seen at bar after release from prison for Eric Harris slaying |url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/drinking-while-on-parole-ex-reserve-deputy-robert-bates-seen-at-bar-after-release-from/article_bb8592f7-0e36-540f-a3e8-4cb078010a41.html |access-date=April 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412201803/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/drinking-while-on-parole-ex-reserve-deputy-robert-bates-seen-at-bar-after-release-from/article_bb8592f7-0e36-540f-a3e8-4cb078010a41.html |archive-date=April 12, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shari'a == A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2015, an tuhumi Bates da kisan kai na biyu (kisan kai da ba a yi niyya ba sakamakon sakaci na laifi). Ya mika kansa a gidan yarin Tulsa County, inda aka sake shi a wannan rana, bayan ya sanya belin $ 25,000. Laifin kisan kai na biyu ya kai tsawon shekaru hudu a kurkuku. Bates ya ce ba shi da laifi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2015. A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2016, an sami Bates da laifi. Bisa ga shawarar juriya, an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru hudu a kurkuku. An saki Bates daga kurkuku a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2017, bayan ya yi aiki da kashi 37% na hukuncinsa, gami da lokacin kurkuku. A watan Janairun 2018, wani abokin ciniki wanda ya saba da shi ya ɗauki hotunan Bates, saboda a bayyane yake yana shan ruwan inabi a mashaya don saba wa yanayin da ya yi daga kurkuku. An kuma dauki hoton rasit din mashaya.<ref name="auto" /> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Tulsa County ta amince da biyan iyalin Eric Harris dala miliyan 6 a matsayin sasantawa ta ƙarshe na karar tarayya. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h5coid1lx40rde1vm0vn9j8k8jvyk77 0 172018 966937 938609 2026-10-12T19:39:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kai Bisgaard Anker Møller''' (22 Mayu 1859 - 22 Satumba 1940) ɗan ƙasar [[Norway]] ne kuma ɗan siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kai Møller |url=https://www.tunehistorielag.com/artikler/arbeidsliv/kai-moller/ |access-date=March 1, 2018 |publisher=Tune Historielag}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Møller a Dyrendal kusa da Halden a Østfold, Norway. Shi ɗa ne ga Edvard Johannes Møller (1819–85) da Diderikke Annette Anker (1838-1912). Iyalan sun ƙaura zuwa Thorsø Manor ( Thorsø herregård ) a Torsnes lokacin da mahaifinsa ya karɓi gidan. Ya halarci Makarantar Cocin Christiania kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1877. Ya sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Aikin Noma ( Høiere landbruksskole ) (yanzu Jami'ar Kimiyyar Rayuwa ta Norway ) a Ås a Akershus a lokacin 1880. Bayan haka, sai aka yi karatu a Denmark da Birtaniya . A shekara ta 1885 ya karɓi gidan Thorsø. [1] [2] Ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Torsnes tsawon shekaru da dama kuma ya riƙe wasu mukamai na ƙananan hukumomi da dama. An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Norway daga 1900 zuwa 1903, yana wakiltar Smaalenenes amt (yanzu Østfold ). Ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Liberal . A cikin 1889, ya auri dan uwansa [[Katti Anker Møller]] . 'yar Herman Anker (1839–1896). Su ne iyayen likita Tove Mohr . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katti Anker Møller |url=http://kvinnesak.no/aeresmedlemmer/katti-anker-moller/ |access-date=March 1, 2018 |publisher=Norsk Kvinnesaksforening}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Herman Anker (1839–1896) |url=https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Herman_Anker_(1839%E2%80%931896) |access-date=March 1, 2018 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == 0peqbd330mtl2gik6jksnwcwuc3t5ah 0 172409 967076 939860 2026-10-13T07:40:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Hermann Wesselink''' makarantar sakandare ce a Amstelveen, [[Holand|Netherlands]] . An sanya wa makarantar suna ne bayan Hermann Wesselink, shugaban makaranta wanda ya mutu yana ƙarami, jim kaɗan bayan ya yi ritaya. Taken makarantar shine; "Makaranta inda kowa yake daidai amma babu wanda yake iri ɗaya". A shekarar 2022, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 1866. Makarantar tana ba da vmbo, havo, vwo ( atheneum da gymnasium ), da kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ilimin harsuna biyu ( Difloma ta IB a Turanci a matakin A2 ). A cewar " [[onderwijsinspectie]] ", binciken makarantun Holland, sakamakon shine abin da ake tsammani daga waɗannan ɗaliban.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} == Sabon Ginin == A ƙarshen shekarun 2010, an tsara tsare-tsare don maye gurbin tsofaffin makarantun da ke Kwalejin Hermann Wesselink da wani gini na zamani mai ɗorewa wanda zai iya tallafawa ayyukan ilimi na zamani. Bayan matakai masu yawa na tsare-tsare da zane da suka shafi ɗalibai, [[Malami|malamai]], da [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|masu gine-gine]], an bayar da kwangilar sabon ginin a watan Satumba na 2018 a matsayin aikin ƙira da gini tare da RoosRos [[Karatun zanen gine-gine|Architecten]] a matsayin manyan masu zane da kuma SMT Bouw & Vastgoed a matsayin babban mai kwangila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amstelveenz • |first=Door • |title=Ruim 26 miljoen euro voor nieuw Hermann Wesselink College |url=https://www.amstelveenz.nl/nieuws/ruim-26-miljoen-euro-voor-nieuw-hermann-wesselink-college.html |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=Amstelveenz |language=nl}}</ref> An fara ginin ne bayan an fara shimfida tudun farko a watan Yulin 2019, inda aka gina sabon ginin tare da makarantar da ke akwai don ba da damar ci gaba da ilimi yayin aikin ginin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-05 |title=Symbolische eerste paal voor nieuwe HWC geslagen |url=https://www.amstelveensnieuwsblad.nl/nieuws/onderwijs/75146/symbolische-eerste-paal-voor-nieuwe-hwc-geslagen |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=www.amstelveensnieuwsblad.nl |language=nl}}</ref> An kammala ginin sabon [[Campus|harabar jami'ar]], wanda ya kai kimanin ^mita 11,000, kuma an kammala shi a hukumance a watan Disamba na 2020. Yana mai da hankali kan faffadan ciki mai cike da haske, wurare masu sassaucin karatu, da kayan aiki na zamani, gami da manyan azuzuwan karatu, [[Theatre|gidan wasan kwaikwayo]] mai dandamali, wuraren karatu na musamman, da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na musamman kamar dakin gwaje-gwaje na beta ( kimiyya ), dakin gwaje-gwaje na kafofin watsa labarai da ɗakin karatu na ƙasashen waje . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-10 |title=Oplevering Herman Wesselink College, Amstelveen |url=https://bbn.nl/oplevering-herman-wesselink-college-amstelveen/ |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=bbn adviseurs |language=en}}</ref> Tsarin [[Karatun zanen gine-gine|gine-ginen]] ya ta'allaka ne kan ''bayyana gaskiya da daidaitawa'', tare da wurare masu tsayi biyu da kuma bidiyoyi masu buɗewa waɗanda ke haifar da haɗin kai tsakanin wuraren koyo, yayin da ƙananan yankuna na musamman ke ba da yanayin karatu mai natsuwa. Tsarin yana haɓaka hulɗa da sassauci, yana ba makarantar damar daidaita tsare-tsare na ciki akan lokaci don biyan buƙatun ilimi masu tasowa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nieuws Hermann Wesselink College genomineerd |url=https://www.roosros.nl/actueel/nieuws/hermann-wesselink-college-genomineerd-1176/ |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=RoosRos |language=nl-NL}}</ref> Dorewa muhimmin bangare ne na aikin: ginin yana aiki ba tare da iskar gas ba kuma an tsara shi ne don cika ka'idojin "Frisse Scholen" na Holland (Makarantu Masu Lafiya ) tare da manyan ka'idoji don ingancin iska a cikin gida da aikin makamashi. [1] masu ba da shawara na bbn Baya ga manyan wuraren ilimi, cibiyar wasanni da kuma ingantattun wuraren shakatawa na waje sun faɗaɗa ayyukan makarantar. Daga baya an rusa tsoffin gine-ginen makarantun, kuma ana ci gaba da aikin shimfidar wuri don inganta muhallin harabar jami'ar. A ranar 20 ga Maris 2025, makarantar ta yi bikin buɗe sabon ginin da wuraren wasanni ''a hukumance'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-20 |title=Nieuw schoolgebouw HWC vier jaar na ingebruikname feestelijk geopend |url=https://www.amstelveensnieuwsblad.nl/nieuws/onderwijs/104536/nieuw-schoolgebouw-hwc-vier-jaar-na-ingebruikname-feestelijk- |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=www.amstelveensnieuwsblad.nl |language=nl}}</ref> tare da bikin da ɗalibai, malamai, da [[Ƙaramar hukuma|jami'an yankin]] suka halarta, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen aikin ci gaba na shekaru da yawa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-01 |title=Opening Hermann Wesselink College |url=https://www.mijnamstelveen.nl/opening-hermann-wesselink-college/ |access-date=2026-01-05 |website=www.mijnamstelveen.nl |language=nl}}</ref> (Duk da cewa an yi amfani da sabon ginin tsawon shekaru huɗu a wannan lokacin). == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211205134401/https://www.hermannwesselinkcollege.nl/ Yanar gizon makarantar a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland] * [http://www.owinsp.nl/zoekscholen/?qualitycardview=qualitycardvo&sector=VO&schoolId=7560&nrInResultArray=4&searchKey=-1939723115 Rahotannin masu duba, a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland] Archived * https://www.amstelveensnieuwsblad.nl (Jaridar yanar gizo ta gida) * https://www.amstelveenz.nl/index.html (Jaridar yanar gizo ta gida) == Manazarta == bzlorisrasyh0xg0b5eqb2xugpw0y06 0 172460 967068 957807 2026-10-13T06:38:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kurket ta maza ta ƙasar Indiya''' tana wakiltar kasar [[Indiya]] a gasar kurket ta ƙasa da ƙasa . Hukumar Kula da Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ce ke kula da ita kuma cikakkiyar ƙasa ce memba a Majalisar Kurket ta Duniya tare da matsayin Gwaji, One Day International (ODI) da Twenty20 International (T20I). Indiya ita ce ke riƙe da kofin duniya na T20 a yanzu, da kofin zakarun ICC, da kuma kofin kasar Asiya . Ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 601 na gwaji, inda ta yi nasara a wasanni 187, ta sha kashi a wasanni 188, inda ta yi canjaras sau 225 da kuma kunnen doki 1. Indiya ta buga wasanni biyu daga cikin uku na gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta kare a matsayi na biyu sau biyu a Shekaran 2021 da 2023 . Ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 1,081 na ODI, inda ta yi nasara a wasanni 575, ta sha kashi a wasanni 452, ta yi kunnen doki sau 10, kuma 44 sun ƙare ba tare da wani sakamako ba . Indiya ta buga wasan ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin duniya sau huɗu kuma ta lashe gasar sau biyu a Shekaran 1983 da 2011 . Sun kuma lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai, wanda ya zama tarihi sau uku a Shekaran 2002 , 2013, da 2025 .kasar Indiya ta kuma lashe gasar cin kofin kasar Asiya ta ODI sau bakwai. Ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 289 na T20I, inda ta yi nasara a wasanni 192, ta sha kashi a wasanni 81, ta yi kunnen doki a wasanni 7, kuma 9 sun ƙare ba tare da wani sakamako ba. Indiya ta buga wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 sau huɗu kuma ta lashe gasar, wacce ta kasance tarihi sau uku a Shekaran 2007, 2024, da 2026 .kasar Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin Asiya ta T20I sau biyu a tarihi. == Tarihi == === Tarihin farko (1700s-1918) === Turawan Birtaniya sun fara kawo wasan kurket zuwa Indiya a farkon shekarun 1700, inda aka buga wasan kurket na farko a shekarar 1721. [1] Kolis na Gujarat ne ya buga kuma ya karɓe shi. Kamfanin East India ya yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa Kolis ta hanyar wasan kurket kuma sun yi nasara. [2] [3] [4] A shekarar 1848, al'ummar Parsi da ke Mumbai suka kafa ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Oriental Cricket, ƙungiyar farko da 'yan Indiya suka kafa. Bayan fara wasa a hankali, Turawa daga ƙarshe sun gayyaci Parsis don buga wasa a shekarar 1877. [5] A shekarar 1912, 'yan Parsis, Hindu, Sikh da Musulmai na Bombay sun buga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai kowace shekara. [5] A farkon shekarun 1900, wasu 'yan Indiya sun ci gaba da bugawa ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Ingila wasa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan, kamar Ranjitsinhji da Duleepsinhji, 'yan Birtaniya sun yaba da su sosai, kuma an yi amfani da sunayensu don gasar Ranji Trophy da Duleep Trophy - manyan gasa biyu na farko a Indiya. A shekarar 1911, wata ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bhupinder Singh na Patiala, ta fara rangadinta na farko a Tsibirin Burtaniya, amma ta buga wasannin ƙungiyoyin gundumar Ingila ne kawai ba ƙungiyar kurket ta Ingila ba. === Matsayin gwajin daidaito (1918–1970) === An gayyaci Indiya zuwa Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya a shekarar 1926, kuma ta fara buga wasa a matsayin ƙasa mai gwada 'yan wasa a Ingila a shekarar 1932, karkashin jagorancin C.&nbsp;K. Nayudu, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan jemage na Indiya a lokacin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the Imperial Cricket Conference |url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321214929/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |archive-date=21 March 2006 |access-date=21 September 2006 |website=ICC}}</ref> An buga wasan gwaji na farko tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu a Lord's da ke [[Landan]] . Ƙungiyar ba ta da ƙarfi a bugunta <ref>{{Cite web |title=On this day in 1932, India played its first-ever Test match |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065716/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> a wannan lokacin kuma ta ci gaba da shan kashi da maki 158. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India in England, 1932 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225022912/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/ |archive-date=25 December 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Indiya ta dauki nauyin shirin wasan kurket na maza na farko a shekarar 1933 lokacin da Ingila ta ziyarci Indiya . Baƙi sun yi nasara a jerin gwaje-gwaje uku da ci 2-0 tare da wasannin da aka gudanar a [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (yanzu Mumbai), [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] (yanzu Kolkata) da [[Chennai|Madras]] (yanzu Chennai). <ref>{{Cite web |title=England tour of India 1933/34 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-tour-of-india-1933-34-61789}}</ref> Tawagar Indiya ta ci gaba da inganta a tsawon shekarun 1930 da 1940 amma ba ta cimma nasara a duk faɗin duniya ba a wannan lokacin. A farkon shekarun 1940, Indiya ba ta buga wasan kurket na maza ba saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Jerin farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙasa mai 'yancin kai ya kasance a ƙarshen 1947 a kan Ostiraliya ta Don Bradman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2024 |title=What Don Bradman thought of the first Indian team that toured Australia |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/1073245/what-don-bradman-thought-of-the-first-indian-team-that-toured-australia}}</ref> Shi ne kuma jerin gwaje-gwajen gwaji na farko da Indiya ta buga wanda ba a yi shi da Ingila ba. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Australiya ta yi nasara a wasanni biyar da ci 4-0, inda Bradman ya sha wahala a wasan bowling na Indiya a lokacin bazara na ƙarshe da ya buga a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India in Australia, 1948 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509070811/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/ |archive-date=9 May 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Daga baya Indiya ta buga wasan farko na Gwaji a gida ba da Ingila ba, amma da West Indies a shekarar 1948. West Indies ta lashe gasar gwaji biyar da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Indies tour of India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-tour-of-india-1948-49-61938 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216100515/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/series/61938.html |archive-date=16 December 2015 |access-date=10 March 2022}}</ref> Indiya ta yi nasarar farko a wasan gwaji, a wasanta na 24, da Ingila a Madras a shekarar 1952. <ref>{{Cite web |title=England in India, 1951–52 |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1950S/1951-52/ENG_IN_IND/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509070817/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1950S/1951-52/ENG_IN_IND/ |archive-date=9 May 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, sun yi nasara a jerin gwaje-gwajen gwaji na farko, wanda ya faru a kan Pakistan . Sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba a farkon shekarun 1950 tare da nasara a jere a kan New Zealand a shekarar 1956. Duk da haka, ba su sake yin nasara ba a sauran shekarun goma kuma sun sha kashi sosai a hannun ƙungiyoyin Australiya da Ingila masu ƙarfi. A ranar 24 ga wata&nbsp;A watan Agusta na shekarar 1959, Indiya ta sha kashi a bugun fenariti a gasar, inda ta kammala wasan share fage na 5-0 da Ingila ta taba yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2013 |title=India suffer 0–5 whitewash in England in 1959 |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/india-suffer-whitewash-at-the-hands-of-england-in-1959-30271 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061246/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/india-suffer-whitewash-at-the-hands-of-england-in-1959-30271 |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> Shekaru goma masu zuwa sun ga shaharar Indiya ta bunƙasa a matsayin ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a gida. Sun yi nasara a wasan gwaji na farko da suka fafata da Ingila a gida a shekarar 1961–62, sannan suka yi nasara a wasan gida da New Zealand. Sun yi nasarar yin kunnen doki a wasan farko da suka fafata da Pakistan da Ostiraliya, sannan suka sake yin wani wasan karshe da Ingila. A wannan lokacin, Indiya ta kuma yi nasara a zagaye na farko a wajen yankin, inda ta doke New Zealand a 1967–68. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India in New Zealand Test Series, India in New Zealand Test Series 1967/68 score, Match schedules, fixtures, points table, results, news |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-new-zealand-test-series-1967-68-60422 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182638/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-new-zealand-test-series-1967-68-60422 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=16 January 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Muhimmin abin da ya ja hankalin Indiya a wasannin bowling a shekarun 1970 shi ne 'yan wasan tsakiya na Indiya – Bishan Singh Bedi, EAS Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar da Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan . A wannan lokacin kuma an ga fitowar manyan 'yan wasan jet guda biyu a Indiya, Sunil Gavaskar da Gundappa Viswanath . 'Yan wasan Indiya suna da halin tallafawa juyawa kuma 'yan wasan tsakiya na juyawa sun yi amfani da wannan don haifar da rugujewa a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke fafatawa da juna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2016 |title=India's famed spin quartet – the gold standard for hunting in packs |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/indias-famed-spin-quartet-gold-standard-hunting-packs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005060926/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/indias-famed-spin-quartet-gold-standard-hunting-packs |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> Waɗannan 'yan wasan ne suka ɗauki nauyin nasarorin da aka samu a jere a shekarar 1971 a West Indies da kuma a Ingila, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kyaftin ɗin Ajit Wadekar . Gavaskar ya zira kwallaye 774 a jerin wasannin West Indian yayin da Dilip Sardesai 's 112 ya taka rawa sosai a nasarar da suka samu a gwajin gwaji daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2021 |title=How Sunil Gavaskar took on West Indies 50 yrs ago & became India's 1st sports superstar |url=https://theprint.in/sport/how-sunil-gavaskar-took-on-west-indies-50-yrs-ago-became-indias-1st-sports-superstar/616779/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005060223/https://theprint.in/sport/how-sunil-gavaskar-took-on-west-indies-50-yrs-ago-became-indias-1st-sports-superstar/616779/ |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2013 |title=Sunil Gavaskar scores a world record 774 runs in his debut series |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/sunil-gavaskar-scores-a-world-record-774-runs-in-his-debut-series-25397 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005060225/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/sunil-gavaskar-scores-a-world-record-774-runs-in-his-debut-series-25397 |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2007 |title=Dilip Sardesai, Batsman with a key role in helping India to make breakthroughs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/jul/17/guardianobituaries.cricket |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329164635/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/jul/17/guardianobituaries.cricket |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> === Nasarar wasan kurket na kwana ɗaya da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta ICC Cricket (1970–1985) === Zuwan wasan kurket na maza na One Day International (ODI) a shekarar 1971 ya haifar da wani sabon salo a duniyar kurket. Duk da haka, ba a ɗauki Indiya a matsayin mai ƙarfi a cikin ODIs a wannan lokacin ba, kuma an san 'yan wasan jet kamar kyaftin Gavaskar da tsarin kariya na yin jifa. Indiya ta fara ne a matsayin ƙungiya mai rauni a cikin ODIs kuma ba ta cancanci shiga matakin ƙwallo ba a bugu biyu na farko na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Cricket . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2018 |title=Team India on the brink of ODI record at Vizag, remain torchbearers of 50-over format |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html |archive-date=24 October 2018 |access-date=24 October 2018 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Gavaskar ya toshe hanyarsa ta zuwa kwallaye 36 ba daga cikin ƙwallo 174 da ya buga wa Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta farko a shekarar 1975 ba ; Indiya ta zura kwallaye 132 kacal a cikin ƙwallo 3 kuma ta sha kashi da kwallaye 202. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunny's World Cup go-slow |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Sabanin haka, Indiya ta fitar da ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a wasannin gwaji kuma ta kasance mai ƙarfi musamman a gida, inda haɗakar ƙwararrun masu jefa ƙwallo da masu juya ƙwallo masu ban sha'awa suka fi kyau. Indiya ta kafa tarihin Gwaji a lokacin Gwaji na uku da West Indies a Port-of-Spain a shekarar 1976, lokacin da suka bi sahun 403 don cin nasara, godiya ga 112 daga Viswanath. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2013 |title=When India successfully chased a 400-plus target against West Indies to change world cricket forever |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416091541/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 1976, ƙungiyar ta sake kafa wani tarihi ta hanyar zura kwallaye 524 a wasanni 9 da aka ayyana a wasan da suka yi da New Zealand a Kanpur ba tare da wani ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ya zura kwallaye ɗari ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Most run-outs, and the lowest score never made |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114170548/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> An yi shekaru hamsin shida, mafi girman shine 70 na Mohinder Amarnath . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=Highest Test totals without a century and half-century |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/highest-test-totals-without-a-century-and-half-century |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114170549/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/highest-test-totals-without-a-century-and-half-century |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> Wannan zagayen shine karo na takwas kacal a gasar cricket ta gwaji inda dukkan 'yan wasan bats goma sha ɗaya suka kai ga maki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records. Test matches. Team records. Most batters reaching double figures in an innings |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html |archive-date=6 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Indiya ta yi mummunan aiki a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1979, inda ta kasa cin nasara ko da wasa ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2020 |title=World Cup diary: The intriguing story of India's 1979 World Cup campaign |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/sports/cricket/cricket-top-news/world-cup-diary-the-intriguing-story-of-indias-1979-world-cup-campaign/na20200418132535113}}</ref> A shekarun 1980, Indiya ta ƙirƙiro jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi son kai hari tare da masu yin bugun jini kamar Mohammad Azharuddin mai hannu, Krishnamachari Srikanth, Dilip Vengsarkar da kuma 'yan wasa Kapil Dev da Ravi Shastri . A ranar 25 ga Yuni 1983, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 1983, inda ta doke West Indies da aka fi so da kuma zakarun da suka kare sau biyu a jere a wasan karshe a Lord's, saboda rawar da suka taka a wasan bowling. Mai buga ƙwallon ƙafa Roger Binny shine babban mai ɗaukar wicket a gasar da ƙwallo 18. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The day that changed Indian cricket |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1vjvw7Tjybph1VwTcRgl2Xl/the-day-that-changed-indian-cricket}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Cup classic no one saw |url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1371241/greatest-odis-no--13---kapil-dev-s-175-vs-zimbabwe-at-tunbridge-wells-in-1983}}</ref> Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta yi rashin nasara a fagen gwajin, ciki har da wasanni 28 a jere na gwajin ba tare da samun nasara ba. A shekarar 1984, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin Asiya ta farko, sannan a shekarar 1985 ta lashe gasar cin kofin Cricket ta duniya a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] . === Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 (1985–1999) === Duk da lashe manyan gasa a rabin farko na shekarun 1980, Indiya ta ci gaba da kasancewa ƙasa da ƙungiyar gwaji. Nasarar da Indiya ta samu a jerin gwaje-gwajen gwaji a shekarar 1986 a kan Ingila ta kasance nasara ta ƙarshe da Indiya ta samu a wajen [[Geology na yankin Indiya|yankin]] na tsawon shekaru 19 masu zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe v India, 2005-06 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/zimbabwe-v-india-2005-06-289045}}</ref> A shekarun 1980, Gavaskar da Kapil Dev (mafi kyawun jarumai a Indiya zuwa yanzu) sun kasance a kololuwar aikinsu. Gavaskar ya yi rikodin Gwaji tsawon ƙarni 34 yayin da ya zama mutum na farko da ya kai maki 10,000 na gudu. Daga baya Kapil Dev ya zama mafi girman mai ɗaukar wicket a wasan kurket na Test da wickets 434. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2019 |title=30th January 1994: When Kapil Dev became the leading wicket-taker in the world |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/30th-january-1994-when-kapil-dev-became-the-leading-wicket-taker-in-the-world/story-kPD30xZAgFfJJg2iTatJPO.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114164938/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/30th-january-1994-when-kapil-dev-became-the-leading-wicket-taker-in-the-world/story-kPD30xZAgFfJJg2iTatJPO.html |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> An kuma yi wannan lokacin da rashin shugabanci mai kyau, inda Gavaskar da Kapil suka yi musayar mukamin kyaftin sau da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2020 |title=Sunil Gavaskar: Was replaced as captain despite India winning West Indies series |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/was-replaced-as-captain-despite-india-winning-west-indies-series-sunil-gavaskar/articleshow/76689090.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022912/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/was-replaced-as-captain-despite-india-winning-west-indies-series-sunil-gavaskar/articleshow/76689090.cms |archive-date=6 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=The Times of India |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2021 |title=Sunil Gavaskar on why Kapil Dev was dropped for 1984 Kolkata Test: 'Why would I drop my only match-winner' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sunil-gavaskar-on-why-kapil-dev-was-dropped-for-1984-kolkata-test-why-would-i-drop-my-only-match-winner-1776640-2021-03-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114165444/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sunil-gavaskar-on-why-kapil-dev-was-dropped-for-1984-kolkata-test-why-would-i-drop-my-only-match-winner-1776640-2021-03-07 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> Indiya ta dauki nauyin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta shekarar 1987, karo na farko da aka dauki nauyin gasar a wajen Ingila. A wasan kusa da na karshe, Ingila ta sha kashi a hannun Indiya, bayan ta doke su a wannan matakin shekaru hudu da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India vs England, 2nd Semi-Final at Mumbai, Nov 05 1987 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876/india-vs-england-2nd-semi-final-65116/full-scorecard}}</ref> Ƙara Sachin Tendulkar da Anil Kumble zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a shekarun 1989 da 1990 ya ƙara inganta ƙungiyar. A shekara mai zuwa, Javagal Srinath, ɗan wasan ƙwallo mafi sauri a Indiya tun lokacin da Amar Singh ya fara buga ƙwallonsa. A ƙarƙashin Azharuddin, Indiya ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1992, inda ta kasa shiga matakin ƙwallo a gasar a karon farko tun 1979. A shekarun 1990, Indiya ba ta ci ko ɗaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajenta 33 a wajen yankin ba yayin da ta ci 17 daga cikin gwaje-gwajenta 30 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Not the '90s again, please |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/not-the-90s-again-please-623140}}</ref> Abin lura shi ne, Indiya ta lashe kofin Asiya sau uku a shekarar 1988, 1991 da kuma 1995 . Maƙwabtan Sri Lanka sun fitar da Indiya daga gasar a gida a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 1996, inda masu zanga-zanga suka ƙona wani ɓangare na filin wasa a [[Kolkata]] bayan da Indiya ta fuskanci mummunan rashin nasara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tears in vain as India crash out |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/great-world-cup-moments-india-crash-out-of-the-1996-world-cup-282656}}</ref> Tendulkar shi ne ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a gasar, inda wannan ne karo na farko da wani ɗan ƙasar Indiya ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka ci wicket a gasar; kuma Kumble ne ke kan gaba a jadawalin masu ɗaukar wicket. Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya, ƙungiyar ta fuskanci sauyi na shekara guda yayin da Sourav Ganguly da Rahul Dravid, waɗanda daga baya suka zama kyaftin na ƙungiyar, suka fara fafatawa a wannan gwajin a Lord's. Tendulkar ya maye gurbin Azharuddin a matsayin kyaftin a ƙarshen shekarar 1996, amma bayan rashin nasarar da ya samu a fannin wasanni da kuma na ƙungiyar, Tendulkar ya ajiye mukamin kyaftin ɗin kuma aka mayar da Azharuddin a farkon shekarar 1998. Indiya ta sha kashi a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Asiya ta 1997, inda ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar da ta shiga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2020 |title='Sachin Tendulkar didn't have a strong team but he wasn't the most motivational captain either' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sachin-tendulkar-wasn-t-the-most-motivational-captain/story-FYXRNxp04IcXr8fFION8GI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003151936/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sachin-tendulkar-wasn-t-the-most-motivational-captain/story-FYXRNxp04IcXr8fFION8GI.html |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> Domin buga wasan ODI tsakanin kasashen biyu da Pakistan, Indiya ta raba tawagarta gida biyu kuma ta tura tawagar da ba ta da ƙarfi don shiga gasar cricket ta wasannin Commonwealth na 1998 . Sakamakon haka, Indiya ta kasa samun ci gaba daga matakin rukuni. A gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta farko a shekarar 1998, an fitar da Indiya daga gasar a wasan kusa da na karshe a hannun West Indies. Ƙungiyar ta sake samun wani mummunan gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 1999 . Duk da cewa Dravid shine babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar, Indiya ta kasa kaiwa ga zagaye na gaba. Bayan haka, Tendulkar ya sake zama kyaftin, kuma ya sake samun mummunan rauni, inda ya sha kashi da ci 3-0 a rangadin Australia sannan ya ci 2-0 a gida da Afirka ta Kudu. Tendulkar ya yi murabus, yana mai alƙawarin ba zai sake zama kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The reasons behind Tendulkar's decision to quit |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/the-reasons-behind-tendulkar-s-decision-to-quit-87629 |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> === Canje-canje da rinjayen kyaftin a fagen duniya (2000-2013) === Ƙungiyar ta ƙara lalacewa a shekarar 2000 lokacin da aka tuhumi tsohon kyaftin ɗin Azharuddin da abokin wasansa Ajay Jadeja a cikin wata badakalar gyaran wasa, aka kuma dakatar da su na tsawon rai da kuma na shekaru biyar bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2022 |title=On this day in 2000: Mohammad Azharuddin, Ajay Jadeja played their last international match before being banned |url=https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/sports-news/on-this-day-in-2000-mohammad-azharuddin-ajay-jadeja-played-their-last-international-match-before-being-banned-10742521.html |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> BBC ta bayyana wannan lokacin a matsayin "mafi munin lokacin wasan kurket na Indiya". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ananthasubramanian |first=Vignesh |date=10 November 2017 |title=10 forgettable moments that no Indian cricket fan will want to relive |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/10-embarrassing-moments-no-indian-cricket-fan-relive |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=www.sportskeeda.com |language=en-in}}</ref> Duk da haka, sabon core - Tendulkar, Dravid, Kumble da Ganguly - sun rantse ba za su sake bari wannan ya sake faruwa da su ba, kuma sun jagoranci wasan kurket na Indiya daga cikin mawuyacin lokaci. Uku na farko sun ajiye burinsu na son barin Ganguly ya jagorance su zuwa wani sabon zamani. Ƙungiyar Indiya ta sami manyan ci gaba a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kyaftin ɗin Ganguly da kuma jagorancin John Wright, kocin ƙasashen waje na farko a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=July 5th 1956 – India's First Foreign Coach John Wright Is Born |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/july-5th-1956-indias-first-foreign-coach-john-wright-is-born-1801327.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306095809/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/july-5th-1956-indias-first-foreign-coach-john-wright-is-born-1801327.html |archive-date=6 March 2023 |access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> Ganguly ya jagoranci Indiya zuwa wasan ƙarshe na Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2000, wasan ƙarshe na farko na ICC a Indiya bayan Kofin Duniya na 1983. Duk da karnin da ya yi, Indiya ta sha kashi a wasan karshe a hannun New Zealand. Shi ne babban wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar, kuma Venkatesh Prasad ne ya fi kowa cin wicket. A wasan Kolkata Test, Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ta uku a tarihin wasan kurket na Test da ta lashe wasan Test bayan ta biyo baya. Kyaftin din Australia Steve Waugh ya yiwa Indiya lakabi da "Final Frontier" saboda rashin nasarar da kungiyarsa ta samu a gasar gwaji a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Steve Waugh |title=I am proud that everybody gave 100% |url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/NATIONAL/IND/NEWS/STEVEWAUGH_COLUMN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017222838/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/NATIONAL/IND/NEWS/STEVEWAUGH_COLUMN.html |archive-date=17 October 2007 |access-date=21 September 2006 |website=From the Waugh Front |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Indiya ta shiga gasar NatWest Series ta 2002 da Ingila da Sri Lanka, inda bayan sun hau kan teburin gasar suka fafata da Ingila mai masaukin baki a wasan karshe. Indiya ta ƙare da neman maki 326 don lashe abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ODI na kowane lokaci, inda ta lashe gasar. A ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2002, Indiya da Sri Lanka sun lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2002 ba tare da an doke su ba bayan an yi ruwan sama a wasan karshe bayan kwana biyu na wasa. Wannan shine kambun ICC na farko da Indiya ta lashe bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1983, kuma Indiya da Sri Lanka sun zama kasashe kalilan da suka lashe gasar biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India now are a top one-day team |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-now-are-a-top-one-day-team-121945}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=India and Sri Lanka share the spoils |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-and-sri-lanka-share-the-spoils-123500}}</ref> Virender Sehwag shi ne babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002/03 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114}}</ref> Daga nan Indiya ta je gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2003 a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta kai wasan karshe, karo na uku a jere da Indiya ta buga wasan karshe na ICC, sai dai Australia ta doke ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Selvey |first=Mike |date=24 March 2003 |title=Ponting power leads Australia to glory |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2003/mar/24/cricketworldcup2003.cricketworldcup1 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Tendulkar, ɗan wasan gasar, ya kafa tarihin yawan zura kwallaye a gasar cin kofin duniya guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2023 |title=Sachin Tendulkar's Record-Breaking 673 Runs in the 2003 Cricket World Cup |url=https://www.mensxp.com/sports/cricket/145870-sachin-tendulkars-record-breaking-runs-in-the-2003-cricket-world-cup.html}}</ref> Nasarar da ta samu a jerin wasannin ODI a Pakistan a farkon shekarar 2006, bayan rashin nasara a jerin wasannin gwaji, ta bai wa Indiya tarihin duniya na nasarori 17 a jere na ODI yayin da take da maki na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TWI gets production rights for India-Pakistan series |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/03/02/stories/2005030204681900.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071126145458/http://hinduonnet.com/2005/03/02/stories/2005030204681900.htm |archive-date=26 November 2007 |access-date=14 October 2006 |website=The Hindu – Sport}}</ref> Indiya ba ta taka rawar gani ba a Gasar Zakarun Turai a shekarun 2004 da 2006, kuma musamman a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Cricket ta 2007 a karkashin jagorancin Dravid wanda ya haifar da manyan canje-canje a tsarin kungiyar. Indiya ta sami sabon tushe a cikin 'yan wasa kamar MS Dhoni, Yuvraj Singh, Harbhajan Singh da Zaheer Khan . A shekara ta 2007, an naɗa Dhoni kyaftin a cikin 'yan wasa masu iyaka. A ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2007, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza T20 da aka gudanar a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta doke Pakistan da maki biyar a wasan karshe . Wannan nasara ta kasance muhimmiyar rawa wajen gabatar da [[Firimiyar Indiya|gasar Premier ta Indiya]] . Duk da haka, Indiya ta kasa kaiwa matakin ƙwallo na Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2009 da kuma bugu na 2009 da 2010 na Kofin Duniya na T20. Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin Asiya ta 2010, inda ta lashe gasar a karon farko cikin shekaru goma sha biyar. Tendulkar ya zama ɗan wasan kurket na farko da ya ci 200 a gasar ODI. A ranar 2&nbsp;A watan Afrilun 2011, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2011 ta hanyar doke Sri Lanka a wasan karshe, don haka ta zama kungiya ta uku bayan West Indies da Ostiraliya da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau biyu. Indiya ta kuma zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a gida. Wannan shi ne karo na ƙarshe da Tendulkar ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya guda shida, bayan ya yi daidai da tarihin Javed Miandads na buga mafi yawan bugu na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2019 |title=Throwback to ICC Cricket World Cup 2011: India becomes first team to win final on home soil |url=https://www.wionews.com/photos/throwback-to-icc-cricket-world-cup-2011-india-becomes-first-team-to-win-final-on-home-soil-219190 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025072029/https://www.wionews.com/photos/throwback-to-icc-cricket-world-cup-2011-india-becomes-first-team-to-win-final-on-home-soil-219190 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=WION |language=en}}</ref> Zaheer Khan shi ne wanda ya fi kowa cin wicket a gasar. Sehwag, Yuvraj da Harbhajan sun zama 'yan wasa na farko da suka lashe dukkan gasa uku na ICC whiteball. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Sehwag ya karya tarihin Tendulkar na samun mafi girman maki a kowane mutum a gasar ODI. A shekara mai zuwa, ƙungiyar ta kasa kaiwa ga zagaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2012, a karo na uku a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2012 |title=T20 World Cup fiasco: Dhoni blames IPL parties |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2010/May/12/t20-world-cup-fiasco-dhoni-blames-ipl-parties-154310.html}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2013, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2013 ba tare da an doke ta ba bayan ta doke Ingila a wasan karshe da ruwan sama ya shafa, kuma Dhoni ya zama kyaftin na farko a tarihi da ya lashe dukkan kofuna uku na ICC a wasan kurket na fari, wato Kofin Duniya na Cricket, Kofin Duniya na T20 da kuma Kofin Zakarun Turai . Ɗan wasan gasar Shikhar Dhawan shi ne ya fi kowa zura kwallaye a raga, kuma ya lashe kyautar 'zinare'. Ravindra Jadeja ya lashe 'ƙwallon zinare' saboda kasancewarsa mafi girman mai ɗaukar wicket. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2020 |title=ms dhoni retires only international captain to win 3 icc trophies |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-retires-only-international-captain-to-win-3-icc-trophies-1711628-2020-08-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814135155/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-retires-only-international-captain-to-win-3-icc-trophies-1711628-2020-08-15 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2020 |title=Dhoni retires: the only international captain to win 3 ICC trophies |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-2011-world-cup-final-2007-t20-world-cup-2013-champions-trophy/article28321561.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201153021/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-2011-world-cup-final-2007-t20-world-cup-2013-champions-trophy/article28321561.ece |archive-date=1 December 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> === Farin gasar ICC (2014–2023) === A gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta shekarar 2014 da aka shirya a Bangladesh, Indiya ta rasa wani kofi na ICC da kyar bayan ta sha kashi a hannun Sri Lanka a wasan karshe . Ɗan wasan gasar Kohli shi ne ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a raga, bayan ya kafa tarihin yawan zira kwallaye da aka ci a bugu ɗaya na gasar (319). <ref>{{Cite web |title=On This Day in 2014: Sri Lanka Won the T20 World Cup Beating India in the Final |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416035754/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarar 2014, Dhoni ya sauka daga mukamin kyaftin a gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don mai da hankali kan wasan kurket na farin ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda hakan ya share fagen Kohli, mataimakin kyaftin, ya gaje shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2014 |title=MS Dhoni retires from Test cricket and position as India captain |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/30/ms-dhoni-retires-test-cricket-india |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A wasan da suka yi da Sri Lanka, Rohit ya doke Sehwag ya zama babban mai zura kwallaye a raga a wasan ODI (264), inda ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya ketare 250. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ammon |first=Elizabeth |date=13 November 2014 |title=India's Rohit Sharma smashes 264 to become first player to hit ODI 250 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/13/india-rohit-sharma-264-first-player-odi-250-sri-lanka |website=The Guardian}}</ref> An fitar da Indiya daga gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2015 a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Australia wadda ta lashe gasar. Da aka haɗa ɗan wasan pacer Jasprit Bumrah da ɗan wasan gaba Hardik Pandya a cikin tawagar, Indiya ta fara gasar 2016 ta hanyar lashe Kofin Asiya na 2016, inda ta ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da an doke ta ba a duk tsawon gasar. Ƙungiyar ta kasance wadda ake sa ran za ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2016, wadda ake gudanarwa a gida, amma ta sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe a hannun West Indies wadda ta lashe gasar. Kohli ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya zama ɗan wasan gasar a bugu biyu na babban gasar kurket. Bayan Dhoni ya sauka daga mukamin kyaftin na ƙwallon ƙafa ta fari, Kohli ya zama kyaftin na cikakken lokaci a fannoni daban-daban. Indiya ta sha kashi a hannun babbar abokiyar hamayyarta Pakistan a wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai ta 2017 da maki 180, wanda shine mafi munin rashin nasara a wasan karshe na gasar ICC ODI. Dhawan ya sake lashe 'zinaren zinare' bayan ya zama babban mai zura kwallaye a raga, inda ya zama na farko da ya lashe kyautar sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddharth Monga |date=15 June 2017 |title=Dominant India march into yet another final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/bangladesh-vs-india-2nd-semi-final-1022373/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616080737/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-champions-trophy-2017/content/story/1103898.html |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=16 June 2017 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew Fidel Fernando |date=18 June 2017 |title=India hoodoo broken emphatically by Pakistan |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/india-vs-pakistan-final-1022375/match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208131413/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345/india-vs-pakistan-final-1022375/match-report |archive-date=8 December 2022 |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Indiya ta lashe gasar gwaji a Ostiraliya a karon farko a tarihinta, a karkashin Kohli da kocin Shastri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohli's India script historic series win in Australia |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-in-aus-2018-19-1145097/australia-vs-india-4th-test-1144996/match-report}}</ref> Bayan lashe Kofin Asiya na 2018 da kuma Kofin Nidahas na 2018, babban gasar da kungiyar za ta fafata a duniya ita ce Kofin Duniya na Kureket na 2019 inda suka kai wasan kusa da na karshe amma suka sha kashi a hannun New Zealand da maki 18. Bayan Dhoni ya yi ritaya, [[KL Rahul]] ya zama mai tsaron wicket kuma ya zama mai tsaron gida na yau da kullun a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2019 |title=World Cup 2019: India's road to semi-finals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/india-vs-new-zealand-world-cup-2019-team-india-road-to-semifinals-1564810-2019-07-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416040926/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket-world-cup-2019/story/india-vs-new-zealand-world-cup-2019-team-india-road-to-semifinals-1564810-2019-07-08 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 World cup semifinal IND vs NZL |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-semi-final-1144528/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003165738/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-semi-final-1144528/full-scorecard |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> Mataimakin kyaftin Rohit shi ne mafi girman wanda ya zira kwallaye a gasar da maki 648, kuma ya kafa tarihi na tsawon ƙarni da yawa da aka zira kwallaye a gasar (5). Bayan an kore ta daga gasar da maki 36 a wasan da ta yi da Australia, Indiya ta sami nasarar sake lashe gasar a karo na biyu a Australia. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lemon |first=Geoff |date=19 January 2021 |title=India's bloody-mindedness fired them to historic win in Australia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jan/19/india-bloody-mindedness-historic-cricket-win-in-australia#comments |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Indiya ta buga wasan ƙarshe na farko a Gasar Gwaji ta Duniya a shekarar 2021 da New Zealand inda ta sha kashi da wickets takwas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RESULT Final, Southampton, June 18 – 23, 2021, ICC World Test Championship |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/india-vs-new-zealand-final-1249875/full-scorecard |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003165550/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/india-vs-new-zealand-final-1249875/full-scorecard |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=3 October 2022}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta yi rashin nasara a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2021, inda ta kasa kaiwa matakin ƙwallo na gasar ICC a karon farko tun 2012, sannan kuma ta sha kashi a hannun abokiyar hamayyarta Pakistan da ci 10, wanda shi ne rashin nasara ta farko da ta yi a kan ƙungiyar a wasan cin kofin duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aldred |first=Tanya |date=24 October 2021 |title=Pakistan thrash India by 10 wickets at T20 World Cup – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2021/oct/24/india-v-pakistan-t20-world-cup-cricket-live?page=with:block-617569ab8f08037de28e1a5d |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Bayan wannan gasar, an kori Kohli daga matsayin kyaftin, Rohit ya maye gurbinsa ta hanyoyi daban-daban; kuma Dravid ya maye gurbin Shastri a matsayin koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2021 |title=Virat Kohli to step down as India's T20I captain after T20 World Cup in UAE, Oman |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/virat-kohli-to-step-down-as-india-s-t20-captain-after-world-cup-2021-101631795281767.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Sun cancanci shiga wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2022, amma sun sha kashi a hannun Ingila da wickets goma. Indiya ta buga wasan ƙarshe na Gasar Gwaji ta Duniya ta 2023 da Australia inda ta sha kashi da maki 209. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AUS vs IND, ICC World Test Championship 2021–2023, Final at London, June 07 – 11, 2023 – Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2021-2023-1268315/australia-vs-india-final-1358412/full-scorecard |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Bayan waɗannan rashin nasara, Rohit ya faɗa wa Dinesh Karthik cewa "akwai buƙatar canji", kuma ya canza zuwa salon bugun da ya fi ƙarfin hali da kuma jagorantar hanyar bugun da ya fi ƙarfin kai hari a cikin ƙungiyar. Indiya ta ci gaba da lashe Kofin Asiya na 2023 ta hanyar korar Sri Lanka da maki 50 a wasan karshe sannan ta lashe wickets goma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Cup 2023 Statistics – Asia Cup |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/stats |access-date=23 September 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Indiya ta kuma sami lambar zinare a wasannin Asiya na 2022 da aka gudanar a shekarar 2023 saboda karuwar yawan 'yan wasa bayan an yi waje da Afghanistan a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India Asian games |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-men-cricket-final-india-vs-afghanistan-gold-result-score}}</ref> An dauke su a matsayin wadanda ake ganin za su lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta shekarar 2023 a gida. Rohit ya karya tarihin Tendulkar na mafi yawan ƙarni na gasar cin kofin duniya a wasan da suka yi da Afghanistan. Tendulkar ya ba Kohli ƙarin rikodin, wanda ya zarce shi don ya zira kwallaye mafi yawa a wasan kurket na ODI; da kuma zira kwallaye mafi yawa a bugu ɗaya na gasar (765). A ƙarshe Indiya ta sha kashi a wasan ƙarshe a hannun Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Ali |date=19 November 2023 |title=Australia earn Cricket World Cup glory as Travis Head ton spoils India's party |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/nov/19/cricket-world-cup-final-india-australia-match-report |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Shami ita ce babbar mai ɗaukar wicket a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohli describes occasion of his 50th ODI hundred as 'the perfect picture' |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/kohli-describes-his-50th-odi-hundred-as-the-perfect-picture-1408904 |access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> === Farfadowa (2024 - yanzu) === A watan Janairu, Indiya ta buga T20I mafi tsawo a wasan da ta buga da Afghanistan, wanda aka tsawaita shi zuwa zagaye biyu na super overs a ƙarshe nasarar da Indiya ta samu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India vs Afghanistan, 3rd T20I at Bengaluru, IND v AFG, Jan 17 2024 - Full Scorecard |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afghanistan-in-india-2023-24-1389384/india-vs-afghanistan-3rd-t20i-1389398/full-scorecard}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2024, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2024 ta hanyar doke Afirka ta Kudu a wasan karshe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India seal T20 World Cup glory after epic duel against South Africa |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629191653/https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India wins men's T20 World Cup, defeating South Africa in dramatic final |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/29/sport/india-south-africa-t20-mens-world-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Saboda haka, sun zama ƙungiya ta uku bayan Ingila da West Indies da suka lashe kofin sau biyu kuma sun zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar ba tare da an doke ta ba. Arshdeep Singh shi ne wanda ya fi kowa cin wicket a gasar, inda ya samu wicket 17, yayin da Jasprit Bumrah ya zama ɗan wasan gasar. Wannan shi ne karo na ƙarshe da Rohit ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 guda tara, bayan ya halarci kowace bugu har zuwa 2024 tare da Shakib al Hasan na Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India script history to become first-ever team to win T20 Cricket World Cup title undefeated |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/ca/cricket/news/india-history-first-ever-team-win-t20-cricket-world-cup-undefeated/f3fed7d806c1ff72a325c807}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Maris 2025, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2025 ba tare da an doke ta ba. Ƙungiyar ta doke New Zealand a wasan ƙarshe, inda ta doke su a karon farko a wannan matakin a gasar ICC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Liew |first=Jonathan |date=9 March 2025 |title=India see off New Zealand to complete clinical Champions Trophy triumph |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/mar/09/india-new-zealand-champions-trophy-final-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Wannan shi ne karo na uku a jere da Indiya ta buga wasan karshe a gasar, haka kuma karo na hudu a jere da ICC ta buga wasan karshe. Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar sau uku, inda Rohit da Kohli suka zama 'yan Indiya kaɗai da suka lashe gasar ICC guda huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2025 |title=Sachin roars for 'champion' India, Ganguly can't stop raving over 'captain marvellous' Rohit after Champions Trophy win |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/sachin-tendulkar-roars-champion-in-elation-sourav-ganguly-hails-captain-marvellous-rohit-after-india-win-ct-2025-101741580064563.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2025 |title=Rohit, Kohli surpass MS Dhoni for most ICC titles by an Indian with Champions Trophy 2025 win |url=https://www.wionews.com/cricket/rohit-kohli-surpass-ms-dhoni-for-most-icc-titles-by-an-indian-with-champions-trophy-2025-win-8839922}}</ref> Duk da nasarorin da aka samu a gasar ODI da T20Is, Indiya ta fuskanci mummunan kakar wasan kurket a shekarar 2024. Bayan nasarar da aka samu a kan Ingila da Bangladesh, Indiya ta sha kashi a hannun New Zealand da ci 3-0 a wasan gida, sannan ta kasa cin kwallaye uku a wasan gwaji a Ostiraliya. Saboda waɗannan rashin nasara, Indiya ta rasa damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2025, duk da cewa ƙungiyar tana cikin yanayi mai daɗi don cancanta kafin shiga gasar ta biyu, don haka ta kasa kaiwa ga wasan ƙarshe a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2024 |title=New Zealand beat India again to romp to historic 3-0 Test series win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/nov/03/cricket-new-zealand-beat-india-again-historic-test-series-win |website=The Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lemon |first=Geoff |last2=Smyth |first2=Rob |last3=Lemon (Earlier) |first3=Geoff |last4=Smyth (Later) |first4=Rob |date=5 January 2025 |title=Australia win Border-Gavaskar series 3-1 against India – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/jan/05/australia-vs-india-live-cricket-score-5th-test-aus-v-ind-day-3-scores-today-scorecard-results-start-time-sydney-scg#:~:text=Australia%20win%20the%20series%203%2D1!&text=In%20a%20low%2Dscoring%20match,the%20second%20Test%20at%20Adelaide. |website=the Guardian}}</ref> A gasar Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy ta 2025, Indiya ta yi kunnen doki da Ingila a zagayen gwaji na wasanni 5 da ci 2-2 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=England v India 2025 - an all-time classic series |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/cricket/england-v-india-2025-an-all-time-classic-series-2025-08-04/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> Daga baya a shekarar, Indiya ta yi nasara a gida da ci 2-0 a kan West Indies, <ref>{{Cite web |title=India complete 2-0 sweep in Gill's first series win |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/west-indies-in-india-2025-26-1479561/india-vs-west-indies-2nd-test-1479570/match-report-5}}</ref> sannan ta sha kashi a gida da ci 0-2 a hannun Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa won a historic 2-0 in the 2025 test series against India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-s-wtc-final-prospects-take-a-hit-after-2-0-loss-to-south-africa-1513071}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta T20 ta 2026, Indiya ta doke New Zealand a wasan karshe, don haka ta zama kungiya daya tilo da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 a jere (2024 da 2026), da kuma lashe kofuna uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20. Jasprit Bumrah da [[Varun Chakravarthy]] sune suka fi kowa cin wicket a gasar, inda kowannensu ya samu wicket 14. An nada Sanju Samson a matsayin ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a gasar, bayan ya zama ɗan wasa na uku da ya zura kwallaye rabin ƙarni a zagayen kusa da na ƙarshe da kuma na ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin duniya. == Hotuna == == Hukumar gudanarwa == Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya da kuma ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta farko a Indiya. Hukumar ta fara aiki tun daga shekarar 1929 kuma tana wakiltar Indiya a Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya (ICC). Hedikwatar ta tana cikin 'Cibiyar Cricket' da ke Churchgate a [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharashtra]] . Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasanni mafiya arziki a duniya, ta sayar da haƙƙin kafofin watsa labarai na wasannin Indiya daga 2006 zuwa 2010 akan dala miliyan 612. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nimbus Bags Cricket Rights for $612 m |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110084913/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/02/18/stories/2006021803840100.htm |archive-date=10 January 2007 |access-date=11 January 2007 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Mithun Manhas shine shugaban BCCI a yanzu kuma Devajit Saikia shine sakatare. Majalisar Cricket ta duniya ce ke tantance wasannin da za a yi a Indiya nan gaba ta hanyar shirinta na yawon bude ido nan gaba. Duk da haka, BCCI, tare da tasirinta a fannin kuɗi a duniyar wasan kurket, sau da yawa tana ƙalubalantar shirin ICC kuma tana kira da a ƙara yin jerin shirye-shirye tsakanin Indiya, Ostiraliya da Ingila waɗanda ke da yuwuwar samun ƙarin kuɗi maimakon rangadin Bangladesh ko Zimbabwe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2006 |title=ICC faces threat from India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/icc-facing-threat-from-india-231378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208025021/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/231378.html |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=8 March 2022 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A baya, BCCI ta kuma shiga rikici da ICC game da daukar nauyin tallafi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=India challenge ICC |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425822/161040 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208210740/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425822/161040 |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=11 January 2007 |publisher=[[TVNZ]]}}</ref> === Kwamitin zaɓe === Zaɓen ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya yana faruwa ne ta hanyar manufofin zaɓen yankuna na BCCI, inda kowanne daga cikin yankuna biyar ke wakiltar mai zaɓe ɗaya da kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobin da BCCI ta zaɓa a matsayin shugaban kwamitin zaɓe. Wannan wani lokacin yana haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce game da ko waɗannan masu zaɓen suna nuna son kai ga yankunansu. <ref name="selection">{{Cite web |title=Selection Policy not Zonal: Pawar |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060730/main4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208054326/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060730/main4.htm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=11 January 2007 |website=The Tribune}}</ref> Har zuwa ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2022, Chetan Sharma shine babban mai zaɓen kuma Debashish Mohanty, Harvinder Singh da Sunil Joshi mambobi ne. An kori dukkan kwamitin bayan rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta ICC T20 ta 2022. A ranar 7 ga Janairu 2023, an sake naɗa Sharma a matsayin babban mai zaɓe tare da Shiv Sunder Das, Subroto Banerjee, Salil Ankola, da Sridharan Sharath . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI announces All-India Senior Men Selection Committee appointments |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55555971/bcci-announces-all-india-senior-men-selection-committee-appointments |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2023, Sharma ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa bayan wani bincike da wata tashar labarai mai zaman kanta ta yi masa ya sa ya yi maganganu marasa tushe game da tawagar Indiya inda Shiv Sunder Das ya maye gurbinsa kuma ya zama babban mai zaɓe na wucin gadi. A ranar 4 ga Yuli 2023, an naɗa Ajit Agarkar a matsayin sabon babban mai zaɓe kuma ya maye gurbin Sharma. Ya shiga cikin kwamitin zaɓen Das, Banerjee, Ankola da Sharath. == Launukan ƙungiya == Indiya tana buga wasanninta na Test Cricket tare da fararen 'yan wasan kurket na gargajiya tare da hula masu launin shuɗi da kwalkwali. Kayan da ake sawa a cikin ashana masu iyaka suna da launuka daban-daban na shuɗi don ODIs da T20Is, wani lokacin tare da ɗanɗanon launukan da ke cikin tutar Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2021 |title=Iconic shades of blue: Evolution of Team India's jersey from 1985 to 2021 |url=https://www.wionews.com/photos/iconic-shades-of-blue-evolution-of-team-indias-jersey-from-1985-to-2021-420376 |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1992 da 1999, ISC da Asics sun dauki nauyin kayan wasan ƙungiyar Indiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Colour scheme: The inside story of cricket's clothing revolution |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/feature/history-of-odi-kits-coloured-clothing-world-series-cricket-1992-world-cup-john-cooper-isc-australia/2021-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509043225/https://www.cricket.com.au/news/feature/history-of-odi-kits-coloured-clothing-world-series-cricket-1992-world-cup-john-cooper-isc-australia/2021-09-16 |archive-date=9 May 2023 |access-date=9 May 2023 |website=cricket.com.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Classic World Cup Kits – 1999 |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/181003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430120021/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/181003 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> bi da bi, amma ba tare da wani mai tallafawa kayan wasan ba har zuwa 2001. Ba tare da wani kamfani da ya ɗauki nauyin kayan wasan ƙungiyar Indiya ba, Omtex ya ƙera riguna da wando ga ƙungiyar, yayin da wasu 'yan wasa suka zaɓi sanya wando da masu tallafawa kamar [[Adidas]] da Reebok suka ba su har zuwa Disamba 2005. A watan Disamba na 2005, Nike ta yi nasara a kan abokan hamayyarta Adidas da Reebok, kuma ta sayi kwangilar na tsawon shekaru biyar wadda ta fara a watan Janairun 2006 kafin rangadin tawagar Indiya zuwa Pakistan . Nike ta daɗe tana samar da kayan aiki ga ƙungiyar Indiya, inda ta tsawaita kwangilar shekaru biyar a kowane lokaci; a shekarar 2011 da kuma 2016 bi da bi. Bayan da Nike ta kawo karshen kwangilarta a watan Satumba na 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2020 |title=BCCI to float fresh tender for apparel sponsorship after Nike decides against renewing its contract |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/bcci-to-float-fresh-tender-for-apparel-sponsorship-after-nike-decides-against-renewing-its-contract/2028397/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125203208/https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/bcci-to-float-fresh-tender-for-apparel-sponsorship-after-nike-decides-against-renewing-its-contract/2028397/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=The Financial Express |language=en-US}}</ref> MPL Sports Apparel & Accessories, wani reshe na dandalin wasanni na kan layi na Mobile Premier League, ya maye gurbin Nike a matsayin kamfanin kera kayan wasa a watan Nuwamba na 2020 kafin rangadin tawagar Indiya zuwa Ostiraliya, wanda aka yi tsammanin zai ci gaba har zuwa Disamba na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2020 |title=MPL Sports Apparel and Accessories becomes new kit sponsor of Indian cricket team |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/mpl-sports-apparel-and-accessories-becomes-new-kit-sponsor-of-indian-cricket-team/2119340/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102100626/https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/mpl-sports-apparel-and-accessories-becomes-new-kit-sponsor-of-indian-cricket-team/2119340/ |archive-date=2 November 2020 |access-date=6 November 2020 |website=The Financial Express |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI announces MPL Sports as Official kit sponsor for Team India |url=http://www.bcci.tv/articles/2020/news/147428/bcci-announces-mpl-sports-as-official-kit-sponsor-for-team-india |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117053205/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2020/news/147428/bcci-announces-mpl-sports-as-official-kit-sponsor-for-team-india |archive-date=17 November 2020 |access-date=17 November 2020 |website=The Board of Control for Cricket in India}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2022, MPL Sports ta yanke shawarar ficewa daga yarjejeniyar kafin ƙarshen kwangilar tasu ta kuma miƙa haƙƙinta ga Kewal Kiran Clothing Limited (KKCL). <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=Byju's, MPL want to exit sponsorship deal with BCCI |url=https://www.livemint.com/sports/cricket-news/byjus-mpl-want-to-exit-sponsorship-deal-with-bcci-11671667265482.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, MPL ta naɗa Kewal Kiran Clothing Limited (KKCL) da Killer Jeans (wani kamfani mallakar KKCL) a matsayin masu ɗaukar nauyin gudanarwa na wucin gadi har zuwa watan Mayun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=India's kit sponsor changes without official announcement, new jersey launched for Sri Lanka T20Is |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/indias-kit-sponsor-changes-without-official-announcement-new-jersey-launched-for-sri-lanka-t20is-101672723355953.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104162850/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/indias-kit-sponsor-changes-without-official-announcement-new-jersey-launched-for-sri-lanka-t20is-101672723355953.html |archive-date=4 January 2023 |access-date=4 January 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2023, an sanar da cewa Adidas za ta fara yarjejeniyar daukar nauyin shekaru biyar a watan Yunin 2023 kafin gasar ICC World Test Championship ta karshe, wadda za ta maye gurbin KKCL. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Varuni |date=21 February 2023 |title=Adidas to sponsor India cricket team kit in ₹350 cr deal |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adidas-to-sponsor-india-cricket-team-kit-in-350-cr-deal-11676999572818.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309112553/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/adidas-to-sponsor-india-cricket-team-kit-in-350-cr-deal-11676999572818.html |archive-date=9 March 2023 |access-date=9 March 2023 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2023, BCCI ta sanar da Adidas a hukumance a matsayin mai daukar nauyin kayan wasanta na tsawon shekaru biyar masu zuwa har zuwa Maris 2028. <ref name="bcci.tv">{{Cite web |title=BCCI and Adidas Announce Multi-Year Partnership As Official Kit Sponsor of the Indian Cricket Team |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556004/bcci-and-adidas-announce-multi-year-partnership-as-official-kit-sponsor-of-the-indian-cricket-team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526043933/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556004/bcci-and-adidas-announce-multi-year-partnership-as-official-kit-sponsor-of-the-indian-cricket-team |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Adidas named new India cricket team kit sponsor |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bcci-announces-adidas-as-indias-new-kit-sponsor-101684733779418.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526043931/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/bcci-announces-adidas-as-indias-new-kit-sponsor-101684733779418.html |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=26 May 2023 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adidas to be India's kit sponsor till 2028 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/adidas-to-be-indias-kit-sponsor-till-2028-1377689 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061854/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/adidas-to-be-indias-kit-sponsor-till-2028-1377689 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Lokaci ! Mai ƙera kayan aiki ! Mai tallafawa riguna <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2022 |title=As Byju's Looks For Early Exit, Here's Every Brand That's Sponsored The Indian Jersey So Far |url=https://www.mensxp.com/sports/cricket/125143-brands-that-have-sponsored-indian-cricket-jersey.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506014833/https://www.mensxp.com/sports/cricket/125143-brands-that-have-sponsored-indian-cricket-jersey.html |archive-date=6 May 2023 |access-date=6 May 2023 |website=www.mensxp.com |language=en-IN}}</ref> |- | 1992 | ISC | – |- | 1999 | Asics | rowspan="2" | Kamfanin ITC Limited<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Otal-otal na Wills & ITC ) |- | 1993–2001 | |- | 2001–2005 | Omtex | rowspan="2" | Sahara |- | 2006–2013 | rowspan="4" | Nike |- | 2014–2017 | Tauraron Indiya |- | 2017–2019 | [[Oppo]] |- | 2019–2020 | rowspan="3" | Byju's |- | 2020–2022 | Wasannin MPL |- | 2023 | Jeans masu kisa |- | 2023–2025 | rowspan="2" | [[Adidas]] | Mafarki11 |- | 2025–yanzu | Tayoyin Apollo |} {| class="wikitable" |+Sponsorship for ICC Tournaments !Tournament !Kit Manufacturer !Sleeve Sponsor |- |1975 Cricket World Cup | rowspan="4" |– | rowspan="5" |– |- |1979 Cricket World Cup |- |1983 Cricket World Cup |- |1987 Cricket World Cup |- |1992 Cricket World Cup |ISC |- |1996 Cricket World Cup | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="4" |Wills |- |1998 Champions Trophy |- |1999 Cricket World Cup |Asics |- |2000 Champions Trophy | |- |2002 Champions Trophy | rowspan="3" |Omtex | |- |2003 Cricket World Cup |Aamby Valley |- |2004 Champions Trophy | rowspan="10" |Sahara |- |2006 Champions Trophy | rowspan="14" |Nike |- |2007 Cricket World Cup |- |2007 T20 World Cup |- |2009 T20 World Cup |- |2009 Champions Trophy |- |2010 T20 World Cup |- |2011 Cricket World Cup |- |2012 T20 World Cup |- |2013 Champions Trophy |- |2014 T20 World Cup | rowspan="3" |Star India |- |2015 Cricket World Cup |- |2016 T20 World Cup |- |2017 Champions Trophy | rowspan="2" |[[Oppo]] |- |2019 Cricket World Cup |- |2021 World Test Championship final | rowspan="3" |MPL Sports | rowspan="3" |Byju's |- |2021 T20 World Cup |- |2022 T20 World Cup |- |2023 World Test Championship final | rowspan="5" |[[Adidas]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2024 |title='Inspired by Surf Excel' Team India's new kit for T20 World Cup 2024 disappoints fans |url=https://www.mensxp.com/sports/cricket/161199-team-india-new-jersey-for-t20-world-cup-2024-earns-surf-excel-comparison.html}}</ref> | |- |2023 Cricket World Cup | rowspan="3" |Dream11 |- |2024 T20 World Cup |- |2025 Champions Trophy |- |2026 T20 World Cup |Apollo Tyres |} == Tallafi == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; float:right" |+Masu Tallafawa & Abokan Hulɗa na Yanzu <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Board of Control for Cricket in India |url=https://www.bcci.tv/ |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> ! Mai tallafawa ƙungiyar | Tayoyin Apollo |- ! Mai tallafawa kayan aiki | [[Adidas]] |- ! Mai ɗaukar nauyin taken | Bankin IDFC na Farko |- ! Abokin hulɗa na hukuma(s) | Rayuwar SBI<br /><br /><br /><br /> Campa<br /><br /><br /><br /> Atomberg Technologies Fentin Asiya |- ! Mai watsa labarai na hukuma | JioStar |} === Tallafin ƙungiya === Apollo Tyres shine sabon mai ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya daga ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2025. Wasan Apollo Tyres na farko da ya buga a duniya ya kasance a cikin jerin wasannin gida biyu da West Indies, wanda aka fara a ranar 2 ga Oktoba. An tsara lokacin tallafawa zai ci gaba har zuwa 2027. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Apollo Tyres named new sponsor for Indian cricket team after Dream11 exit |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/apollo-tyres-new-sponsor-indian-cricket-team-after-dream11-exit-2788181-2025-09-16}}</ref> An sanar da Dream11 (Sporta Technologies Pvt. Ltd.) a matsayin mai tallafawa ƙungiyar a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu.&nbsp;Yuli 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI announces Dream11 as the new Team India Lead Sponsor |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556010/bcci-announces-dream11-as-the-new-team-india-lead-sponsor |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> An yi tsammanin tallafin su zai ci gaba har zuwa ranar 31 ga wata&nbsp;Maris 2026 na tsawon shekaru uku, amma ya ƙare da wuri a watan Agusta 2025, lokacin da Dream11 ta janye daga gasar bayan amincewa da Dokar Wasannin Kan layi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2025 |title=BCCI begins hunt for new sponsor after Dream11 walks out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/bcci-begins-hunt-for-new-sponsor-after-dream11-walks-out/article69974348.ece |access-date=25 August 2025 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> A da, Byju's shine mai tallafawa ƙungiyar Indiya daga 5&nbsp;Satumba 2019 zuwa 31&nbsp;Maris 2023, bayan da [[Oppo]] ta miƙa musu haƙƙoƙinsu. An yi tsammanin tallafin Oppo zai fara aiki daga shekarar 2017 zuwa 2022, amma sun mika wa Byju's. A ranar 7&nbsp;A watan Maris na 2022, Byju's ta tsawaita tallafinta na tsawon shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI extends jersey sponsorship with BYJU's by one year |url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121360/bcci-extends-jersey-contract-with-byjus-by-one-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307103510/https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/121360/bcci-extends-jersey-contract-with-byjus-by-one-year |archive-date=7 March 2022 |access-date=7 March 2022 |website=Cricbuzz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2017 |title=OPPO wins Indian team sponsorship rights till 2022 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/oppo-wins-indian-team-sponsorship-rights-till-2022-1085746 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319152508/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18842869/oppo-wins-indian-team-sponsorship-rights-2022 |archive-date=19 March 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=EspnCricinfo}}</ref> A da, ƙungiyar Indiya ta ɗauki nauyin Byju's daga Satumba 2019 zuwa Maris 2023, Oppo daga Mayu 2017 zuwa Agusta 2019, Star India daga Janairu 2014 zuwa Maris 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2013 |title=Star wins Indian team sponsorship rights |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/star-wins-indian-team-sponsorship-rights-698825 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111132957/http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/story/698825.html |archive-date=11 January 2018 |access-date=18 March 2018 |website=EspnCricinfo}}</ref> Sahara India Pariwar daga Yuni 2001 zuwa Disamba 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahara India Pariwar:: Overview. World's Largest Family |url=https://www.sahara.in/sports.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328012417/http://www.sahara.in/sports.html |archive-date=28 March 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=www.sahara.in}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahara signs biggest deal in cricket world |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sahara-signs-biggest-deal-in-cricket-world-102705 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529060428/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sahara-signs-biggest-deal-in-cricket-world-102705 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> da ITC Limited (tare da samfuran Wills da ITC Hotels ) daga Yuni 1993 zuwa Mayu 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ITC Stubs Out Sponsorship |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/itc-stubs-out-sports-sponsorship/cid/936108 |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref> === Abokan hulɗa na hukuma === A ranar 9 ga Janairu 2024, BCCI ta sanar da Campa da Atomberg Technologies a matsayin abokan hulɗa na hukuma don kakar wasa ta cikin gida da ta ƙasa da ƙasa a lokacin 2024-26. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI announces Campa and Atomberg Technologies as official partners for India Home Cricket Season 2024–26 |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2024/news/55556083/bcci-announces-campa-and-atomberg-technologies-as-official-partners-for-india-home-cricket-season-2024-26 |access-date=9 January 2024 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2023, BCCI ta sanar da SBI Life a matsayin abokin tarayya na hukuma don kakar wasa ta cikin gida da ta ƙasa da ƙasa a lokacin 2023–26. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI announces SBI Life as Official Partner for BCCI Domestic & International Season 2023–26 |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556044/bcci-announces-sbi-life-as-official-partner-for-bcci-domestic-international-season-2023-26 |access-date=21 September 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2023, IDFC First Bank ta maye gurbin Mastercard a matsayin mai daukar nauyin dukkan wasannin kasa da kasa da na cikin gida da aka buga a Indiya a kakar wasa ta 2023-26. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IDFC First Bank acquires title sponsorship rights for all BCCI international and domestic home matches |url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555921/mastercard-acquires-title-sponsorship-rights-for-all-bcci-international-and-domestic-home-matches |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905140744/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2022/news/55555921/idfcfirstbank-acquires-title-sponsorship-rights-for-all-bcci-international-and-domestic-home-matches |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=BCCI |language=en}}</ref> Da farko an bai wa Paytm kyautar daukar nauyin dukkan wasannin da aka buga tsakanin 2015 da 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2019 |title=BCCI awards title sponsorship rights to Paytm for five more years |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/bcci-awards-title-sponsorship-rights-to-paytm-for-five-more-years/article29203032.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227045646/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/bcci-awards-title-sponsorship-rights-to-paytm-for-five-more-years/article29203032.ece |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> amma an mika su ga Mastercard a 2022. A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2019, bayan kammala tsarin nuna sha'awa ga haƙƙin abokan hulɗa na hukuma, BCCI ta sanar da cewa Sporta Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (Dream11), LafargeHolcim ( ACC Cements, Ambuja Cements ) da Hyundai India sun sami haƙƙin abokan hulɗa na hukuma don wasannin BCCI na ƙasa da ƙasa a lokacin 2019–2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dream11, LafargeHolcim and Hyundai awarded official partners' rights for BCCI international and domestic seasons 2019–23 |url=http://www.bcci.tv/articles/2019/news/130357/dream11-lafargeholcim-and-hyundai-awarded-official-partners-rights-for-bcci-international-and-domestic-seasons-2019-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916193215/https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2019/news/130357/dream11-lafargeholcim-and-hyundai-awarded-official-partners-rights-for-bcci-international-and-domestic-seasons-2019-23 |archive-date=16 September 2021 |access-date=17 November 2020 |website=The Board of Control for Cricket in India |language=en}}</ref> Disney Star da Airtel sun kasance masu tallafawa taken a baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=Star India not renewing jersey sponsorship for Indian cricket team |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2017/feb/27/star-india-not-renewing-jersey-sponsorship-for-indian-cricket-team-1575465.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106092828/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2017/feb/27/star-india-not-renewing-jersey-sponsorship-for-indian-cricket-team-1575465.html |archive-date=6 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2010 |title=Airtel wins Team India home series sponsorship |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/airtel-wins-team-india-home-series-sponsorship-80689-2010-08-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106092829/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/airtel-wins-team-india-home-series-sponsorship-80689-2010-08-20 |archive-date=6 January 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref> === Masu watsa shirye-shirye na hukuma === JioStar ita ce mai watsa shirye-shiryen hukuma har zuwa Maris 2028 don duk wasannin maza na ƙasashen waje da na cikin gida da aka buga a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=It advantage JioStar as brands pad up to spend on cricket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/it-advantage-jiostar-as-brands-pad-up-to-spend-on-cricket-101740075945260.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=BCCI searches for temporary broadcast partner for home series in June, Media Rights Tender to be released after IPL 2023 |url=https://www.insidesport.in/cricket-bcci-media-rights-bcci-looks-for-temporary-broadcast-partner-for-home-series-in-june-media-rights-tender-to-be-released-after-ipl-2023-follow-live-updates/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421032734/https://www.insidesport.in/cricket-bcci-media-rights-bcci-looks-for-temporary-broadcast-partner-for-home-series-in-june-media-rights-tender-to-be-released-after-ipl-2023-follow-live-updates/ |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=21 April 2023}}</ref> Star Sports tana watsa wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a talabijin, yayin da ake watsa shi kai tsaye a JioHotstar a matsayin dandalin OTT (a sama). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shuchi Bansal |date=21 February 2025 |title=It advantage JioStar as brands pad up to spend on cricket |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/it-advantage-jiostar-as-brands-pad-up-to-spend-on-cricket-101740075945260.html |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> == Filayen ƙasa da ƙasa == Akwai filayen wasan kurket da dama da suka shahara a duniya da ke Indiya. Yawancin filayen suna ƙarƙashin ikon hukumomin wasan kurket na jihohi daban-daban, maimakon kasancewa ƙarƙashin ikon BCCI. Filin wasan kurket na Bombay Gymkhana Ground shi ne filin wasa na farko a Indiya da ya karbi bakuncin cikakken wasan kurket wanda ya kunshi kungiyar kurket ta Indiya. Wannan ya faru ne tsakanin Parsis da Turawa a shekarar 1877. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gymkhana Ground |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/gymkhana-ground-mumbai-58319}}</ref> Filin wasa na farko da ya karbi bakuncin wasan gwaji a Indiya shi ne Gymkhana Ground da ke [[Mumbai]] a shekarar 1933, wanda shi ne kawai filin wasa da ya taba karbar bakuncin wasan gwaji. An shirya gwaje-gwaje na biyu da na uku a cikin jerin wasannin 1933 a Eden Gardens da ke [[Kolkata]] da kuma Chepauk da ke [[Chennai]] . Filin wasan Cricket na Arun Jaitley da ke [[Delhi]] shi ne filin wasa na farko da ya karbi bakuncin wasan Test bayan samun 'yancin kai, inda aka yi kunnen doki da West Indies a shekarar 1948, na farko daga cikin jerin wasannin gwaji biyar. Akwai filayen wasa 21 a Indiya da suka dauki nauyin akalla wasa daya na gwaji a hukumance. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙaruwa a yawan filayen wasan kurket na duniya a Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Mohali's Mullanpur stadium named after Maharaja Yadavindra Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/mohalis-mullanpur-stadium-named-after-maharaja-yadavindra-singh-101616963863958.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005110206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/mohalis-mullanpur-stadium-named-after-maharaja-yadavindra-singh-101616963863958.html |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2020 |title=Cricketer Rohit Sharma lays stone for international cricket stadium in Hyderabad |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2020/jan/08/cricketer-rohit-sharma-lays-stone-for-international-cricket-stadium-in-hyderabad-2084662.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005110206/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2020/jan/08/cricketer-rohit-sharma-lays-stone-for-international-cricket-stadium-in-hyderabad-2084662.html |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> A halin yanzu Indiya tana da filin wasan kurket mafi girma a duniya (wanda kuma shine filin wasa mafi girma a duniya ), <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2021 |title=Largest cricket stadium in Motera, with seating capacity for over 1 lakh fans, renamed as Narendra Modi Stadium |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-s-largest-cricket-stadium-in-motera-named-narendra-modi-stadium-1772484-2021-02-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004000110/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/world-s-largest-cricket-stadium-in-motera-named-narendra-modi-stadium-1772484-2021-02-24 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Filin wasa na Narendra Modi, wanda ke [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, Indiya. A halin yanzu an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun wuraren wasan kurket a duniya kuma ya dauki nauyin wasanni da dama masu kayatarwa. Eden Gardens ta dauki nauyin mafi yawan gwaje-gwaje, kuma tana da wurin zama na uku mafi girma fiye da kowane filin wasan kurket a duniya. An kafa shi a shekarar 1864, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin filayen wasa mafi tarihi a Indiya, inda ya shirya wasanni da dama na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grounds: Eden Gardens |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57980.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006041632/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57980.html |archive-date=6 October 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2016 |title=Top 10 cricket matches at Eden Gardens, Kolkata |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/top-10-cricket-matches-eden-gardens-kolkata |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005063550/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/top-10-cricket-matches-eden-gardens-kolkata |archive-date=5 October 2022 |access-date=5 October 2022}}</ref> Sauran manyan filayen wasa a Indiya sun haɗa da filin wasa na Arun Jaitley Cricket, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1883 kuma ya ɗauki nauyin wasanni masu ban mamaki, ciki har da wickets goma na Anil Kumble a wasan innings da suka fafata da Pakistan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grounds: Feroz Shah Kotla |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58040.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014233541/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58040.html |archive-date=14 October 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Filin wasa na Bombay Gymkhana Ground ya karbi bakuncin wasan gwaji na farko a Indiya wanda shine kawai gwajin da ya karbi bakuncinsa har zuwa yau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=Inaugural home venues of the 10 Test playing nations |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/inaugural-home-venues-10-test-playing-nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415152022/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/inaugural-home-venues-10-test-playing-nations |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref> Filin wasa na Wankhede, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1974, yana da damar ɗaukar masu kallo 33,100 kuma a halin yanzu shine wurin da ya fi shahara a birnin. Ta dauki nauyin wasannin gwaji guda 24. Ta kuma dauki bakuncin wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2011, inda Indiya ta zama kungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a gida. Shi ne wanda ya maye gurbin filin wasa na Brabourne, wanda shi ma yake a [[Mumbai]] . Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar Mumbai a matsayin babban birnin wasan kurket na Indiya saboda magoya bayanta da kuma baiwar da take samarwa ta hanyar ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Mumbai . Don haka filin wasan yana karbar bakuncin manyan wasannin gwaji akai-akai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Makes Mumbai Cricketers Special |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/special/see-shastri-what-makes-mumbai-cricket-special/20230107.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416034757/https://www.rediff.com/cricket/special/see-shastri-what-makes-mumbai-cricket-special/20230107.htm |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Filin wasa na MA Chidambaram da ke Chennai kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani muhimmin filin wasan kurket na Indiya mai tarihi, wanda aka kafa a farkon shekarun 1900, shi ne wurin da Indiya ta fara cin nasarar Gwaji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grounds: M.A. Chidambaram Stadium |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58008.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104024506/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58008.html |archive-date=4 November 2006 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> An shirya wasan farko na ODI a Indiya a filin wasa na Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, [[Ahmedabad]] yayin wasan da Ingila ta fafata da ita a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2021 |title=Ahmedabad hosted India's first ODI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-hosted-indias-first-odi/articleshow/87265930.cms |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=TimesofIndia}}</ref> Indiya ta buga wasan T20I na farko a Indiya a filin wasa na Brabourne da ke Mumbai a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2007 da tawagar 'yan wasan Australia da suka zo ziyara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2007 |title=India's first T20I at Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-tour-of-india-2007-08-297424/india-vs-australia-only-t20i-297800/full-scorecard |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> == Kyaftin == Jimillar maza 35 ne suka jagoranci ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya a akalla wasa ɗaya na gwaji, kodayake shida ne kawai suka jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni sama da 25, kuma shida ne suka jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasannin ODI na maza amma ba a yi gwaje-gwaje ba. Kyaftin na farko na ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya shine C. K. Nayudu, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni huɗu da Ingila: ɗaya a Ingila a 1932 da kuma wasanni uku a gida a 1933–34. Lala Amarnath, kyaftin na huɗu a ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya kuma ɗan Indiya na farko da ya ci ƙwallo ƙarni ɗaya a wasan kurket na Test yayin da yake wasa wa Indiya, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasan farko na Test bayan samun 'yancin kai na Indiya . Ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa ga nasarar gwajin farko da kuma nasarar farko a jerin, duka a cikin jerin wasanni uku a gida da suka fafata da Pakistan a 1952–53. Daga 1952 zuwa 1961–62, ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya tana da wasu kyaftin kamar Vijay Hazare, Polly Umrigar da Nari Contractor . <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Test captains |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1;id=6;type=team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207120351/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1;id=6;type=team |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=9 January 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Captains of One Day Cricket Team of India |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/captains-of-one-day-cricket-team-of-india-1544187909-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207062809/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/captains-of-one-day-cricket-team-of-india-1544187909-1 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref> Nawab na Pataudi, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, shine kyaftin na ƙungiyar maza a wasanni 36 na gwaji daga 1961–62 zuwa 1969–70, ya sake dawowa don wasu wasanni huɗu da West Indies a 1974–75. A farkon shekarunsa na kyaftin, an yi wa ƙungiyar ado a West Indies, Ingila da Ostiraliya. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1967–68, Pataudi ya jagoranci ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya a karon farko a ƙasar New Zealand, wanda ya ƙare a Indiya inda ta lashe gasar gwaji da ci 3–1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tempting tastes dished up when India visits New Zealand |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tempting-tastes-dished-up-when-india-visits-new-zealand-121468 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416041226/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/tempting-tastes-dished-up-when-india-visits-new-zealand-121468 |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> A cikin 1970-71, Ajit Wadekar ya karbi mukamin kyaftin daga Pataudi. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Wadekar, Indiya ta yi nasarar farko a jerin gwaje-gwajen Test a West Indies da Ingila. Indiya ta buga gasar ODI ta maza ta farko a shekarar 1974, kuma a ƙarƙashin kyaftin ɗinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=Ajit Wadekar, who led India to maiden wins in England & Windies dies at 77 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/former-india-captain-ajit-wadekar-a-skewed-technician-died-at-age-of-77-118081600051_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416041447/https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/former-india-captain-ajit-wadekar-a-skewed-technician-died-at-age-of-77-118081600051_1.html |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=16 April 2023}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe gasar ODI ta maza ta farko a karkashin jagorancin Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1975, inda ta fafata da Gabashin Afirka . Tsakanin 1975–76 da 1978–79, Bishan Singh Bedi ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a gwaje-gwajen maza 22 da kuma ODI guda huɗu, inda ya lashe gwaje-gwaje shida da kuma ODI guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishan Singh Bedi |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/bishan-singh-bedi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004031120/https://www.sportskeeda.com/player/bishan-singh-bedi |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishan Bedi |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/3815/bishan-bedi#! |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004031115/https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/3815/bishan-bedi#! |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Sunil Gavaskar ya karɓi ragamar jagorancin ƙungiyar Gwaji ta maza da kuma kyaftin ɗin ODI a shekarar 1978–79, inda ya jagoranci Indiya a wasanni 47 na Gwaji da kuma ODI 37, inda ya lashe Gwaje-gwaje tara da kuma ODI 14. Kapil Dev ne ya gaje shi a shekarun 1980, wanda ya jagoranci wasanni 34 na gwaji, ciki har da nasarori huɗu. Kapil Dev ya jagoranci Indiya wajen samun nasara a wasanni 39 daga cikin 74 da ya jagoranci a gasar ODI, ciki har da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1983. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Buckley |first=Will |date=15 July 2007 |title=When Kapil was king |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jul/15/cricket.englandcricketseries |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kapil Dev shi ma ya jagoranci nasarar da Indiya ta samu a gasar gwaji ta 2-0 a Ingila a shekarar 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Inspirational Tale Of 1986: How Kapil Dev Led India To Historic 2-0 Series Win In England |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/england-vs-india-2025/the-inspirational-tale-of-1986-how-kapil-dev-led-india-to-historic-2-0-series-win-in-england-8698341}}</ref> An yi ta canja matsayin kyaftin tsakanin Dev da Gavaskar, inda Gavaskar ya jagoranci Indiya wajen lashe Kofin Asiya na farko a 1984 da kuma Gasar Cricket ta Duniya ta 1985. Tsakanin 1987-88 da 1989-90, Indiya tana da kyaftin uku a Dilip Vengsarkar, Ravi Shastri da Krishnamachari Srikkanth . Vengsarkar ya karɓi mukamin kyaftin daga hannun Kapil Dev bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1987. Duk da cewa ya fara da ƙarni biyu a jerin farko na aikinsa a matsayin kyaftin, lokacin aikinsa na kyaftin ya kasance cikin rudani kuma ya rasa aikin bayan bala'in da ya yi a West Indies a farkon 1989 da kuma takaddama tsakaninsa da Hukumar Kureket ta Indiya (BCCI). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Vengsarkar Captaincy |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/dilip-vengsarkar-35654 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206220434/https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/dilip-vengsarkar-35654 |archive-date=6 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dilip Vengsarkar |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/3832/dilip-vengsarkar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207062810/https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/3832/dilip-vengsarkar |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021}}</ref> Indiya ta da kyaftin shida na ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza tun lokacin da Mohammad Azharuddin ya hau kan mulki a shekarar 1989. Azharuddin ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a wasanni 47 na gwaji daga 1989–90 zuwa 1998–99, inda ya lashe 14, sannan kuma a wasanni 174 na ODI, inda ya lashe 90. Sai Sachin Tendulkar, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza a wasanni 25 na gwaji da kuma ODI 73 a ƙarshen shekarun 1990; Tendulkar bai yi nasara ba sosai <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2014 |title=Replacing Sachin with Azhar as captain in 1997: When selectors spun the ball |url=http://www.mykhel.com/cricket/replacing-sachin-tendulkar-with-azharuddin-as-captain-in-1997-big-mystery-019210.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109181442/http://news.oneindia.in/sports/replacing-sachin-tendulkar-with-azharuddin-as-captain-in-1997-big-mystery-1553577.html |archive-date=9 November 2014 |access-date=8 July 2016}}</ref> a matsayin kyaftin, inda ya lashe wasanni huɗu kacal na gwaji da ODI 23. Sourav Ganguly ya zama kyaftin na ƙungiyar maza a duka gwaje-gwajen gwaji da kuma ODIs a shekara ta 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2020 |title=How Sourav Ganguly became the Indian captain in 2000 ahead of Anil Kumble and Ajay Jadeja |url=https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/sports/how-sourav-ganguly-became-indian-captain-2000-ahead-anil-kumble-and-ajay-jadeja |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004031605/https://www.thebridgechronicle.com/sports/how-sourav-ganguly-became-indian-captain-2000-ahead-anil-kumble-and-ajay-jadeja |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da zama kyaftin har zuwa 2005–06 kuma ya zama kyaftin ɗin Indiya mafi nasara a lokacin, inda ya lashe wasanni 21 cikin 49 na Gwaji da ya yi a matsayin kocin da kuma wasanni 76 cikin 146 na ODIs. A ƙarƙashin kyaftin ɗinsa, Indiya ta zama ƙungiyar da ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Duniya na ICC na 2002 tare da Sri Lanka, kuma ta hanyar wasannin ƙarshe na ICC sau uku a jere - na Kofin Zakarun Duniya na 2000 da 2002 tare da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na 2003 . Indiya ta sha kashi a wasanni uku kacal a gida a ƙarƙashin Ganguly kuma ta sami nasarar zana jerin wasannin gwaji a Ingila da Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ganguly's rise and fall - a timeline |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ganguly-s-rise-and-fall-a-timeline-226820}}</ref> Rahul Dravid ya karɓi ragamar matsayin kyaftin ɗin Gwaji na maza a shekarar 2005. A shekara ta 2006, ya jagoranci Indiya zuwa ga nasararta ta farko a jerin gwaje-gwaje a West Indies cikin sama da shekaru 30. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kohli, Indiya ba ta sha kashi a wasanni 19 na Test ba, tun daga nasarar da ta samu a kan New Zealand da ci 3-0 sannan ta ƙare da nasara a kan Australia da ci 2-1. Indiya ta kuma samu nasarar cin wasanni tara a jere ba tare da an doke ta ba, inda ta fara da nasarar da ta samu a kan Sri Lanka da ci 3-0 a Sri Lanka sannan ta kare da nasara a kan Sri Lanka da ci 1-0 a gida. Indiya ta kuma zama ƙungiya ta uku bayan Ostiraliya da Afirka ta Kudu da ta lashe jerin wasannin gwaji na baya-bayan nan a lokaci guda da sauran ƙasashe masu buga wasan gwaji. Dangane da kaso na nasara a wasannin gwaji, Kohli shine kyaftin na biyu mafi nasara a Indiya, bayan [[Ajinkya Rahane]], bayan ya lashe fiye da kashi 58% na wasannin gwaji (aƙalla wasanni biyu). Ya kai Indiya gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 2017 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India Cricket Team Records & Stats |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1&id=6&type=team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329163507/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/list_captains.html?class=1;id=6;type=team |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=7 February 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2021, an naɗa Rohit Sharma a matsayin sabon kyaftin ɗin T20I na ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya bayan da Kohli ya yi murabus daga wannan matsayi. Kohli ya jagoranci Indiya a karo na ƙarshe a gasar T20Is a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2021 . A ƙarƙashin jerin farko na Rohit Sharma a matsayin kyaftin na dindindin, Indiya ta yi wa New Zealand kaca-kaca a gida a jerin T20I 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mundayur |first=Rohit |date=22 November 2021 |title=India whitewash New Zealand: The need to be realistic in a fresh start |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-new-zealand-t20i-test-series-realistic-rahul-dravid-1879521-2021-11-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182354/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/india-vs-new-zealand-t20i-test-series-realistic-rahul-dravid-1879521-2021-11-22 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2021, an naɗa Sharma a matsayin sabon kyaftin ɗin ODI na ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya, inda ya maye gurbin Kohli kafin wasannin da za su yi da Afirka ta Kudu . <ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2021 |title=Rohit Sharma replaces Virat Kohli as India's ODI captain, to take over from South Africa series starting next month |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rohit-sharma-named-india-s-new-odi-captain-to-take-over-from-virat-kohli-starting-south-africa-series-101638971547848.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127045611/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/rohit-sharma-named-india-s-new-odi-captain-to-take-over-from-virat-kohli-starting-south-africa-series-101638971547848.html |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya Kohli ya yi murabus daga matsayin kyaftin na Test, bayan rashin nasarar da suka yi a gasar Test Series a hannun Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="photogallery.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web |title=Virat Kohli quits India's test captaincy: Cricketers pay tribute to the former skipper with throwback pictures. Photogallery – ETimes |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-quits-indias-test-captaincy-cricketers-pay-tribute-to-the-former-skipper-with-throwback-pictures/articleshow/88945176.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117075819/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-quits-indias-test-captaincy-cricketers-pay-tribute-to-the-former-skipper-with-throwback-pictures/articleshow/88945176.cms |archive-date=17 January 2022 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Sharma ya maye gurbin Kohli a matsayin kyaftin na Test kafin a yi wasan Test da Sri Lanka <ref name="icc-cricket.com">{{Cite web |title=Rohit Sharma appointed as India's full-time Test captain |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2475079 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305034922/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2475079 |archive-date=5 March 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=www.icc-cricket.com |language=en}}</ref> kuma a lokacin shi ne kyaftin na cikakken lokaci na ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Indiya. Rohit ya kai Indiya wasan ƙarshe na Gasar Gwaji ta Duniya ta 2023 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2023, da kuma nasarorin da suka samu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta T20 ta 2024 da kuma Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2025 |title=23/24: How Rohit Sharma and his Indian team have been dominating ICC tournaments |url=https://www.espn.in/cricket/story/_/id/44200420/how-rohit-sharma-indian-team-dominating-icc-tournaments}}</ref> Daga nan sai Shubman Gill ya maye gurbin Sharma a matsayin kyaftin na Test da ODI, sannan Suryakumar Yadav ya maye gurbinsa da kyaftin na T20I. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2025 |title=Shubman Gill unveiled as India's new Test captain, Pant his deputy |url=https://www.espn.com/cricket/story/_/id/45294269/shubman-gill-appointed-india-test-captain-selectors-announce-squad-england-tour}}</ref> Suryakumar ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Indiya da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=‘A wonderful journey’: Suryakumar Yadav revels in India’s T20 World Cup win |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2026/mar/08/india-suryakumar-yadav-t20-world-cup-win-new-zealand-cricket}}</ref> === Yawancin wasanni a matsayin kyaftin a duk tsarin === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" | Wasanni ! scope="col" | Ɗan wasa ! scope="col" | Nasara ! scope="col" | An rasa ! scope="col" | An ɗaure ! scope="col" | Zana ! scope="col" | %Wan ! scope="col" | %An rasa ! scope="col" | Lokaci |- | 1 ! 332 | MS Dhoni | 178 | 120 | 6 | 15 | 53.61 | 36.14 | 2007–2018 |- | 2 ! 221 | Mohammad Azharuddin | 104 | 90 | 2 | 19 | 47.05 | 40.72 | 1990–1999 |- | 3 ! 213 | Virat Kohli | 135 | 60 | 3 | 11 | 63.38 | 28.16 | 2013–2022 |- | 4 ! 195 | Sourav Ganguly | 97 | 78 | 0 | 15 | 49.74 | 40.00 | 1999–2005 |- | 5 ! 141 | Rohit Sharma | 102 | 33 | 2 | 3 | 72.34 | 23.40 | 2017–2025 |- |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="10" | <small>An sabunta shi na ƙarshe: 4 Maris 2025</small> |} ==Ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta yanzu== Hukumar Kula da Cricket ta Indiya (BCCI) ta fitar da jerin kwangilolin shekara-shekara na 'yan wasanta na 2025–26 a ranar 9&nbsp;Fabrairu 2026.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=BCCI announces Annual Player Retainership 2025-26 - Team India|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2026/news/55556319/bcci-announces-annual-player-retainership-2025-26-team-india|work=BCCI|date=28 February 2024|access-date=9 February 2026}}</ref> Har yanzu ana iya ɗaga ɗan wasa zuwa kwangilar shekara-shekara ta matakin C idan ya cika sharuddan buga aƙalla Wasannin Gwaji uku ko ODIs takwas ko T20Is goma a cikin lokacin da aka ƙayyade (1&nbsp;Oktoba 2025 zuwa 30&nbsp;Satumba 2026). Wannan jerin ya ƙunshi dukkan 'yan wasan da ke aiki waɗanda ke da kwangila da BCCI, waɗanda suka buga wa Indiya wasa tun Fabrairu 2025 ko kuma aka saka sunayensu cikin jerin 'yan wasan baya-bayan nan na Wasan Gwaji, ODI ko T20I. An rubuta sunayen 'yan wasan da ba su taɓa buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasa wasa ba da ''italics''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=India Men's Cricketers Grade. BCCI |url=https://www.bcci.tv/players?platform=international&type=men |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en }}</ref> ''An sabunta ƙarshe: 09 Agusta 2026'' ;Maɓalli {| class="wikitable" |- ! Alama !! Ma'ana |- | CG || Matsayin kwangila da BCCI |- | No. || Lambar riga ta ɗan wasa a dukkan tsarin wasa |- | Format || Yana nuna tsarin wasan da ɗan wasan ya buga kwanan nan, ba dukkan tarihin wasansa ba |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align:center; | Suna ! style="text-align:center; | Shekara ! style="text-align:center; | Salon duka ! style="text-align:center; | Salon jefa ƙwallo ! style="text-align:center; | Ƙungiyar cikin gida ! style="text-align:center; | Ƙungiyar IPL ! style="text-align:center; | CG ! style="text-align:center; | Tsarin wasa ! style="text-align:center; | Lamba ! style="text-align:center; | Kyaftanci ! style="text-align:center; | Wasan Gwaji na ƙarshe ! style="text-align:center; | ODI na ƙarshe ! style="text-align:center; | T20I na ƙarshe |- ! colspan="13" | Masu duka |- | Shubman Gill || {{age|1999|10|16}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Punjab || Gujarat Titans || align="center" | A || Wasan Gwaji, ODI|| 77 ||Wasan Gwaji, ODI (c)|| {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 |- | Shreyas Iyer || {{age|1994|12|06}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, leg spin || Mumbai || Punjab Kings || align="center" | B || ODI, T20I || 96 || T20I (c), ODI (mataimakin kyaftin) || {{cricon|ENG}} 2024 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Yashasvi Jaiswal || {{age|2001|12|28}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, leg spin || Mumbai || Rajasthan Royals || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji, ODI || 64 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2024 |- | Sai Sudharsan || {{age|2001|10|12}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, leg break || Tamil Nadu || Gujarat Titans || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji || 51 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026|| {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2024 |- | Virat Kohli || {{age|1988|11|05}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaicin sauri || Delhi || Royal Challengers Bengaluru || align="center" | B || ODI || 18 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2025 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|SA}} 2024 |- | Rohit Sharma|| {{age|1987|04|30}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, off break|| Mumbai|| Mumbai Indians|| align="center" | B || ODI || 45 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2024 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|SA}} 2024 |- | Ruturaj Gaikwad || {{age|1997|01|31}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Maharashtra || Chennai Super Kings || align="center" | C || ODI|| 31 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2024 |- | Devdutt Padikkal || {{age|2000|07|07}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Karnataka || Royal Challengers Bengaluru || {{n/a}} || Wasan Gwaji || 37 || || {{cricon|SL}} 2026 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- | Rinku Singh || {{age|1997|10|12}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Uttar Pradesh || Kolkata Knight Riders || align="center" | C || T20I || 35 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Vaibhav Sooryavanshi|| {{age|2011|03|27}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Bihar|| Rajasthan Royals|| {{n/a}} || T20I || 3 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Sarfaraz Khan|| {{age|1997|10|22}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, leg spin || Mumbai || Chennai Super Kings || {{n/a}} || Wasan Gwaji || 96 || || {{cricon|NZ}} 2024 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- ! colspan="14" | Masu iya duka da yawa |- | Shivam Dube || {{age|1993|6|26}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaicin sauri || Mumbai || Chennai Super Kings || align="center" | C || ODI, T20I || 25 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Harsh Dubey || {{age|2002|7|23}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Vidarbha || Sunrisers Hyderabad || {{n/a}} || ODI || 23 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{n/a}} |- | Ravindra Jadeja || {{age|1988|12|06}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Saurashtra || Rajasthan Royals || align="center" | A || Wasan Gwaji || 8 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 || {{cricon|SA}} 2024 |- | ''Saransh Jain'' || {{age|1993|03|31}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, offbreak || Madhya Pradesh || {{n/a}} || || ''Wasan Gwaji'' || || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- | Nitish Kumar Reddy || {{age|2003|05|26}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaici-zuwa-sauri || Andhra Pradesh || Sunrisers Hyderabad || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, ''T20I'' || 88 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2025|| {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2025 |- | Hardik Pandya || {{age|1993|10|11}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaici-zuwa-sauri || Baroda || Mumbai Indians || align="center" | B || ODI, T20I || 33 || || {{cricon|ENG}} 2018 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 |- | Axar Patel || {{age|1994|01|20}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Gujarat || Delhi Capitals || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 20 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | Abhishek Sharma || {{age|2000|09|04}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Punjab || Sunrisers Hyderabad || align="center" | C || T20I || 4 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Washington Sundar || {{age|1999|10|05}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Tamil Nadu || Gujarat Titans || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 5 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | Manav Suthar || {{age|2002|08|03}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Slow left-arm orthodox || Rajasthan || Gujarat Titans || {{n/a}} || Wasan Gwaji || 30 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- | Tilak Varma || {{age|2002|11|8}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, off break || Hyderabad || Mumbai Indians || align="center" | C || ODI, T20I || 72 || T20I (mataimakin kyaftin) || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Suryansh Shedge || {{age|2003|1|29}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaicin sauri || Mumbai || Punjab Kings || {{n/a}} || T20I || 99 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- ! colspan="13" | Masu tsaron wicket-masu duka |- | Dhruv Jurel || {{age|2001|1|21}} || Mai hannu na dama || {{n/a}} || Uttar Pradesh || Rajasthan Royals || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji || 21 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{n/a}} ||{{cricon|ENG}} 2025 |- | Ishan Kishan || {{age|1998|7|18}} || Mai hannu na hagu || {{n/a}} || Jharkhand || Sunrisers Hyderabad || {{n/a}} || ODI, T20I || 32 || || {{cricon|WIN}} 2023 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Rishabh Pant || {{age|1997|10|04}} || Mai hannu na hagu || {{n/a}} || Delhi || Delhi Capitals || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji || 17 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|SL}} 2024 || {{cricon|SL}} 2024 |- | KL Rahul || {{age|1992|04|18}} || Mai hannu na dama || {{n/a}} || Karnataka || Delhi Capitals || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji, ODI || 1 || Wasan Gwaji (mataimakin kyaftin) || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2022 |- | Sanju Samson || {{age|1994|11|11}} || Mai hannu na dama || {{n/a}} || Kerala || Chennai Super Kings | align="center" | C || T20I || 9 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|SA}} 2023 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | ''Prabhsimran Singh'' || {{age|2000|08|10}} || Mai hannu na dama || {{n/a}} || Punjab || Punjab Kings | {{n/a}} || T20I || 84 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- ! colspan="13" | Masu jefa ƙwallon da sauri |- | Gurnoor Brar || {{age|2000|06|25}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Punjab || Gujarat Titans || {{n/a}} || ODI || 15 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{n/a}} |- | Jasprit Bumrah || {{age|1993|12|06}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Gujarat || Mumbai Indians || align="center" | A || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 93 || || {{cricon|SA}} 2025 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 |- | Akash Deep || {{age|1996|12|15}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri-matsakaici || Bengal || Kolkata Knight Riders || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji || 41 || || {{cricon|ENG}} 2025 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- | Prasidh Krishna || {{age|1996|02|19}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Karnataka || Gujarat Titans || align="center" | C || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 24 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 || {{cricon|IRE}} 2026 |- | ''Auqib Nabi'' ||{{age|1996|11|04}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, matsakaici-zuwa-sauri || Jammu and Kashmir || Delhi Capitals || {{n/a}} || Wasan Gwaji || 21 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} |- | Harshit Rana || {{age|2001|12|22}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Delhi || Kolkata Knight Riders || align="center" | C || ODI, T20I || 22 || || {{cricon|AUS}} 2024 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | Ashok Sharma || {{age|2002|06|17}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Rajasthan || Gujarat Titans || {{n/a}} || T20I || 45 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Arshdeep Singh || {{age|1999|02|05}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Mai hannu na hagu, matsakaici-zuwa-sauri || Punjab || Punjab Kings || align="center" | C || ODI, T20I || 2 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | Mohammed Siraj || {{age|1994|03|13}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Hyderabad || Gujarat Titans || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 73 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|NZ}} 2026 || {{cricon|USA}} 2026 |- | Yash Thakur || {{age|1998|12|28}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri-matsakaici || Vidarbha || Punjab Kings || {{n/a}} || T20I || 9 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Prince Yadav || {{age|2001|12|12}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri-matsakaici || Delhi || Lucknow Super Giants || {{n/a}} || ODI, T20I || 25 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Mayank Yadav || {{age|2002|06|17}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, sauri || Delhi || Lucknow Super Giants || {{n/a}} || T20I || 24 || || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- ! colspan="13" | Masu jefa ƙwallon spin |- | Ravi Bishnoi || {{age|2000|09|04}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, leg spin || Gujarat || Rajasthan Royals || align="center" | C || T20I || 56 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|RSA}} 2022 || {{cricon|ZIM}} 2026 |- | Varun Chakravarthy || {{age|1991|08|29}} || Mai hannu na dama || Mai hannu na dama, leg break || Tamil Nadu || Kolkata Knight Riders || align="center" | C || ODI<!--Wait for one full year-->, T20I || 29 || || {{n/a}} || {{cricon|NZ}} 2025 || {{cricon|ENG}} 2026 |- | Kuldeep Yadav || {{age|1994|12|14}} || Mai hannu na hagu || Left-arm wrist spin || Uttar Pradesh || Lucknow Super Giants || align="center" | B || Wasan Gwaji, ODI, T20I || 23 || || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|AFG}} 2026 || {{cricon|PAK}} 2026 |} === Matsayin albashi === BCCI tana bai wa 'yan wasanta kwangilolin tsakiya, kuma ana tsara albashinsu bisa ga muhimmancin ɗan wasan. Albashin 'yan wasan kamar haka yake:<ref name=":1" /> * Grade A – {{INRConvert|5|c}} * Grade B – {{INRConvert|3|c}} * Grade C – {{INRConvert|1|c}} ;Kudin wasa 'Yan wasa kuma suna karɓar kuɗin wasa na {{INRConvert|15|l}} ga kowane wasan Gwaji, {{INRConvert|6|l}} ga kowane ODI, da {{INRConvert|3|l}} ga kowane T20I. ==Ma'aikatan horarwa== {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align:center;" | Matsayi ! style="text-align:center;" | Suna |----- | Babban koci<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2024/news/55556125/mr-gautam-gambhir-appointed-as-head-coach-team-india-senior-men-?platform=international&type=men|title=Mr Gautam Gambhir appointed as Head Coach – Team India (Senior Men)}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Gautam Gambhir |- | Kocin masu duka<ref>{{cite web|title=Sairaj Bahutule joins India team as spin-bowling coach ahead of Afghanistan Test|work=ESPNcricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sairaj-bahutule-joins-india-team-as-spin-bowling-coach-ahead-of-afghanistan-test-1539301}}</ref> |Sitanshu Kotak |- | Kocin jefa ƙwallon sauri<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/morne-morkel-appointed-as-india-s-bowling-coach-1447383|work=ESPNcricinfo|title=Morne Morkel appointed India's bowling coach}}</ref> |Morné Morkel |- | Kocin jefa ƙwallon spin<ref>{{cite web|title=Sairaj Bahutule joins India team as spin-bowling coach ahead of Afghanistan Test|work=ESPNcricinfo|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sairaj-bahutule-joins-india-team-as-spin-bowling-coach-ahead-of-afghanistan-test-1539301}}</ref> |Sairaj Bahutule |- | Kocin filin wasa<ref>{{cite web |title=Subhadeep Ghosh appointed India's new fielding coach|work=Cricbuzz|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/139729/subhadeep-ghosh-appointed-indias-new-fielding-coach}}</ref> |Subhadeep Ghosh |} ==Tarihin gasar== ''Akwati mai ja a kusa da shekarar yana nuna gasar da aka buga a cikin Indiya'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''Maɓalli''' |style="background:gold" width="20"| |align="left"| Zakarun gasar |- |style="background:silver" width="20"| |align="left"| Masu matsayi na biyu |- |style="background:#cc9966" width="20"| |align="left"| Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe |- |} ===Kofin Duniya na Cricket=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Mataki ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiyar ! width=50 |Manazarta |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1975 ||Matakin rukuni||6/8||3||1||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|title=Prudential World Cup 1975|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206022506/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1979 ||{{nowrap|Matakin rukuni}}||7/8||3||0||3||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|title=Prudential World Cup 1979|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206024322/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 1983 ||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/8||8||6||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|title=Prudential World Cup 1983|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032439/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} 1987 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/8||7||5||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=Reliance World Cup 1987/88|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 1992 ||Matakin rukuni||7/9||8||2||5||0||1||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=Reliance World Cup 1987/88|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1996 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/12||7||4||3||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|title=Wills World Cup 1995/96|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820020900/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|IRL}} {{flagicon|NED}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{Flagicon|Wales}} 1999 ||Super Six||6/12||8||4||4||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=World Cup 1999|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}} 2003 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/14||11||9||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|title=ICC World Cup 2002/03|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004033344/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2007 ||Matakin rukuni||9/16||3||1||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|title=World Cup 2007|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930020750/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2011 ||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/14||9||7||1||1||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2010/11|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095352/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 2015 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/14||8||7||1||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2014/15|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095353/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2019 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/10||10||7||2||0||1||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2019|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095358/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|url-status=live}}</ref> |-style="background:silver;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2023 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/10||11||10||1||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856|title=ICC Cricket world Cup 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} 2027 || colspan="8" |''Har yanzu ba a tantance ba'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2031 || colspan="8" |''An samu gurbin shiga a matsayin masu masaukin baki tare'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- !Jimilla !Laƙabi 2 !13/13 !96 !63 !30 !1 !2 ! ! |} ===Kofin Duniya na T20=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Mataki ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiyar ! width=50 |Manazarta |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2007||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/12||7||4||1||1||1||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|title=ICC World Twenty20 2007/08|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211355/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2009 ||Super 8||7/12||5||2||3||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2009|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2010 ||Super 8||8/12||5||2||3||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2010|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2012 ||Super 8||5/12||5||4||1||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|title=ICC World T20 2012|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033740/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/16||6||5||1||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|title=ICC World Twenty20 2014|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033741/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2016 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||4/16||5||3||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2016|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033742/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} 2021 ||Super 12||6/16||5||3||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2021/22|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203063312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} 2022 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/16||6||4||2||0||0||Ƙungiyar || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2022-23-1298134|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022|work=ESPNCricinfo}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |{{cricon|West Indies}} {{flagicon|USA}} 2024 ||'''Zakarun gasar''' |1/20 |9 |8 |0 |0 |1 |Ƙungiyar |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SL}} 2026 || '''Zakarun gasar''' |1/20 |9 |8 |1 |0 |0 |Ƙungiyar |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2025-26-1502138|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} 2028 ||colspan=8 |''An samu gurbin shiga'' | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{flagicon|IRE}} 2030 ||colspan=8 |''Har yanzu ba a tantance ba'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- !Jimilla !Laƙabi 3 !10/10 !61 !43 !16 !1 !2 ! ! |} ===Gasar Gwajin Duniya=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! rowspan=3|Kakar wasa ! colspan=10|Matakin gasar ! colspan=4|Ƙarshe |- ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! colspan=5|Wasanni ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|DED|Rage maki}} ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PC|Makin da aka fafata}} ! rowspan=2|Maki ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PCT|Kason maki da aka samu daga cikin maki da aka fafata}} ! rowspan=2|Wurin wasa ! rowspan=2|Ƙarshe ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! rowspan=2|Manazarta |- ! width=20|{{abbr|P|An buga}} ! width=20|{{abbr|W|An ci}} ! width=20|{{abbr|L|An sha kashi}} ! width=20|{{abbr|D|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width=20|{{abbr|T|An tashi kunnen doki}} |- style="background:silver;" | 2019–2021 | 1/9 | 17 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 720 | 520 | '''72.2''' | {{flagicon|England}}Rose Bowl, Ingila | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|NZL}} da wicket 8 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812091730/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" | 2021–2023 | 2/9 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 216 | 127 | '''58.80''' | {{flagicon|England}} The Oval, Ingila | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|AUS}} da runs 209 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|title=ICC World Test Championship (2021–2023) Points Table|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801071654/https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:#cc9966;" | {{nowrap|2023–2025}} | 3/9 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 228 | 114 | '''50.00''' | {{flagicon|England}} Lord's, Ingila | ''Ba a samu gurbin shiga ba'' | Matsayi na uku |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2023-2025-1345943|title=ICC World Test Championship 2023-25}}</ref> |} ===Kofin Gasar Zakarun Nahiyar Asiya=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Nassoshi |- style="background:#cc9966;" |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 1998||Ƙarshen zagayen kusa da na ƙarshe||3/9||2||1||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|title=Wills International Cup 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140635/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|Kenya}} 2000||Wanda suka zo na biyu||2/11||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|title=ICC KnockOut, 2000|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815142447/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="gold" |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2002|| '''Zakarun gasar'''||1/12||5||3||0||0||2|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002/03|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816093531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor= |{{flagicon|England}} 2004||Zagayen rukuni||7/12||2||1||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|title=2004 Champions Trophy|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170555/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|India}} 2006||Zagaye rukuni|||5/10||3||1||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2006/07|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170552/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |{{flagicon|South Africa}} 2009||Zagaye rukuni|||5/8||3||1||1||0||1|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2009/10|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140648/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2013||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/8||5||5||0||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907065225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2017 | Wanda suka zo na biyu | 2/8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2017|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025258/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|UAE}} 2025 | '''Zakarun gasar''' | 1/8 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2025}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2029 |colspan=8|''An samu gurbi a matsayin masu masaukin baki'' | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- !Jimilla !3 Gasar !9/9 !34 !23 !8 !0 !3 ! ! |} ===Kofin Asiya=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width="50" |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Nassoshi |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1984 | '''Zakarun gasar''' | 1/3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|title=India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka in the United Arab Emirates, 1984 ( Asia Cup )|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032028/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1986||colspan=7|''Ba su halarci gasar ba saboda kauracewa ta'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|title=Austral-Asia Cup 1985/86|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114438/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 1988 ||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/4||4||3||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|title=Wills Asia Cup 1988/89|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003165939/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|IND}} 1990–91}} ||'''Zakarun gasar'''||1/3||3||2||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Asia Cup 1990/91 |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |access-date=3 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323165830/https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1995||'''Zakarun gasar''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1994/95|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1997|| Wanda suka zo na biyu||2/4||4||1||2||0||1|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1997|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061853/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2000|| Zagayen farko|| 3/4||3||1||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|title=2000 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2004||Wanda suka zo na biyu|| 2/6||6||3||3||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|title=2004 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092346/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|PAK}} 2008||Wanda suka zo na biyu||2/6||6||4||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|title=Asia Cup 2008|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092345/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2010|| '''Zakarun gasar''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|title=Asia Cup 2010|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093850/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2012|| Zagayen farko ||3/4||3||2||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|title=Asia Cup 2011/12|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092350/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014||Zagayen farko||3/5||4||2||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|title=2014 Asia Cup|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100112/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2016||'''Zakarun gasar''' ||1/5||5||5||0||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|title=Men's T20 Asia Cup 2015/16|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100101/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 2018 |'''Zakarun gasar''' |1/6 |6 |5 |0 |1 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|title=Asia Cup 2018|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003171032/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|UAE}} 2022 |Super Fours |3/6 |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|title=2022 Asia Cup|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003034858/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 2023 |'''Zakarun gasar''' |1/6 |6 |4 |1 |0 |1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asia Cup 2023|access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 2025 |'''Zakarun gasar''' ||1/8 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/men-s-t20-asia-cup-2025-1496919/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=2027 Asia Cup|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> |- ! Jimilla ! 9 Gasar ! 16/17 ! 72 ! 50 ! 19 ! 1 ! 2 ! |} ===Wasannin Asiya=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Nassoshi |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2010 | colspan=8 rowspan=2|''Ba su halarta ba'' |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} 2014 |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2022 |'''Lambar zinariya''' | 1/14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-games-men-s-cricket-competition-2023-1398685/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition 2023|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|JPN}} 2026 | colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba tukuna'' |- ! Jimilla ! 1 Gasar ! 1/3 ! 3 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! |} ===Wasannin Commonwealth=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! width="150" |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width="50" |Matsayi ! width="50" |P ! width="50" |W ! width="50" |L ! width="50" |T ! width="50" |NR ! width=50 |Nassoshi |- |{{flagicon|MAS}} 1998 | Zagayen rukuni | 9/16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|title=Commonwealth Games 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815115857/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! Jimilla ! 0 Gasar ! 1/1 ! 3 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! |- |} ===Gasar da aka daina gudanarwa=== {|class="wikitable" ! colspan=8| Gasashe |- ! Gasar Tri-Series ta Australia ! Gasar Gwajin Asiya ! Kofin Austral-Asiya ! Jerin NatWest ! Gasar Cin Kofin Cricket ta Duniya ! Kofin Nehru ! Kofin Hero ! Kofin Nidahas |- | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1980–81: Matsayi na 3 * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985–86: Wanda suka zo na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1991–92: Wanda suka zo na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1999–2000: Matsayi na 3 * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2003–04: Wanda suka zo na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2007–08: '''Zakarun gasar''' * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2011–12: Matsayi na 3 * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2014–15: Matsayi na 3 | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1999: Zagayen rukuni | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1986: Wanda suka zo na biyu * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1990: Zagayen rukuni * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1994: Wanda suka zo na biyu | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|ENG}} 2002: '''Zakarun gasar''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985: '''Zakarun gasar''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1989: Wanda ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1993: '''Zakarun gasar''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|SRI}} 1998: '''Zakarun gasar''' * {{flagicon|SRI}} 2018: '''Zakarun gasar''' |} ==Karramawa== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center" |+ Karramawar ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasar Indiya ! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:1%" | Nau'i ! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:5%" | Gasa ! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:1%" | Lakabi ! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#000000; {{box-shadow border|a|#19297C|2px}}; width:22%" | Lokutan |- | rowspan="4" | '''Gasa ta ICC''' ! scope="col" | Cricket World Cup | '''2''' | align="left" | '''Zakarun (2):''' 1983, 2011<br />'''Masu matsayi na biyu (2):''' 2003, 2023 |- ! scope="col" | T20 World Cup | style="background-color:gold" | '''3''' | align="left" | '''Zakarun (3):''' 2007, 2024, 2026<br />'''Masu matsayi na biyu (1):''' 2014 |- ! scope="col" | Champions Trophy | style="background-color:gold" | '''3''' | align="left" | '''Zakarun (3):''' 2002{{sup|s}}, 2013, 2025<br />'''Masu matsayi na biyu (2):''' 2000, 2017 |- ! scope="col" | World Test Championship | '''–''' | align="left" | '''Masu matsayi na biyu (2):''' 2019–21, 2021–23 |- | rowspan="2" | '''Kyaututtukan ICC''' ! scope="col" | ICC Test Championship | '''5''' | align="left" | '''Masu nasara (5):''' 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/Dhoni-presented-with-ICC-Test-championship-mace/article16855721.ece|title=Dhoni presented with ICC Test championship mace|website=The Hindu |date=28 December 2009 }}</ref>, 2011, 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-retains-icc-test-championship-mace-thanks-to-series-win-over-australia/story-Hr5Cz4funkxN1QKPV8K8SK.html|title=India retains ICC Test Championship mace thanks to series win over Australia |date=28 March 2017 }}</ref>, 2018, 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/icc-test-championship-mace-virat-kohli-india-cricket-team-new-zealand-1491275-2019-04-01|title=Virat Kohli proud as India win ICC Test championship mace for 3rd successive year|date=April 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/a-retrospective-how-the-mace-has-changed-hands|title=A retrospective: How the mace has changed hands|date=25 February 2018 }}</ref> |- ! scope="col" | ICC ODI Championship | '''1''' | align="left" | '''Masu nasara (1):''' 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/dhoni-receives-icc-odi-championship-shield/article4778573.ece|title=Dhoni receives ICC ODI Championship Shield}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ms-dhoni-banter-at-odi-shield-presentation-638886|title=Dhoni banter at ODI shield presentation}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" | '''ACC (Na nahiya)''' ! scope="col" | Asia Cup | style="background-color:gold" | '''9''' | align="left" | '''Zakarun (9):''' 1984, 1988, 1990–91, 1995, 2010, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2025<br />'''Masu matsayi na biyu (3):''' 1997, 2004, 2008 |- | rowspan="1" | '''Wasanni iri-iri''' ! scope="col" | Wasannin Asiya | style="background-color:gold" | '''1'''{{sup|s}} | align="left" | '''Lambar yabo ta zinariya (1):''' 2022 |} {{legend|gold|rikodi}} {{sup|s}} an raba. ==Kididdiga== ===Gwaje-gwaje=== '''Rikodin fafatawa da juna''' {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''Mafi yawan runs a Test ga Indiya'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/223646.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Runs ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Matsakaici ! scope=col | 100 ! scope=col | 50 ! scope=col | Lokaci |-bgcolor=#cee0f2 | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 15,921 ♠ | {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}} | align=center | 200 | align=center | 329 | align=center | 53.78 | align=center | 51 | align=center | 68 | 1989–2013 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 13,265 | {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} | align=center | 163 | align=center | 284 | align=center | 52.63 | align=center | 36 | align=center | 63 | 1996–2012 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 10,122 | {{sortname|Sunil|Gavaskar}} | align=center | 125 | align=center | 214 | align=center | 51.12 | align=center | 34 | align=center | 45 | 1971–1987 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 9,230 | {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}} | align=center | 123 | align=center | 210 | align=center | 46.85 | align=center | 30 | align=center | 31 | 2011–2024 |- | align=center | 5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 8,781 | {{sortname|VVS|Laxman}} | align=center | 134 | align=center | 225 | align=center | 45.97 | align=center | 17 | align=center | 56 | 1996–2012 |- |- class=sortbottom | colspan=9 | <small>An sabunta: 5 Disamba 2024</small><ref name="India Test records – Most career runs">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career runs|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> |} '''Mafi yawan wickets a Test ga Indiya'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/93276.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Most career wickets taken by a fast bowler">{{cite news|title=Test records – Most career wickets taken by a fast bowler|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?bowling_pacespin=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=wickets;template=results;type=bowling|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Wickets ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Matsakaici ! scope=col | Lokaci |- | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 619 | {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}} | align=center | 132 | align=center | 236 | align=center | 29.65 | 1990–2008 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 537 | {{sortname|Ravichandran|Ashwin}} | align=center | 106 | align=center | 200 | align=center | 24.00 | 2011–2024 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 434 | {{sortname|Kapil|Dev}} | align=center | 131 | align=center | 227 | align=center | 29.64 | 1978–1994 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 417 | {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}} | align=center | 103 | align=center | 190 | align=center | 32.46 | 1998–2015 |- | align=center | 5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 356 | {{sortname|Ravindra|Jadeja}}{{dagger}} | align=center | 91 | align=center | 171 | align=center | 25.30 | 2012–2025 |- class=sortbottom | colspan=10 | <small>An sabunta: 12 Satumba 2025</small><ref name="India Test records – Most career wickets">{{cite news|title=India Test records – Most career wickets|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=1;id=6;type=team|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref> |} {{col-end}} ===Wasannin kwana ɗaya na ƙasa da ƙasa=== '''Rikodin fafatawa da juna''' {{India ODI cricket records by opponent}} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''Mafi yawan runs a ODI ga Indiya'''<ref name="Law 18 – Scoring runs">{{cite web |title=Law 18 – Scoring runs |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring-runs |publisher=Marylebone Cricket Club |access-date=29 December 2018 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232041/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring-runs|archive-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Runs ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Matsakaici ! scope=col | 100 ! scope=col | 50 ! scope=col | Lokaci |-bgcolor=#cee0f2 | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style="background:#cee0f2; text-align:center;" | 18,426 ♠ | {{sortname|Sachin|Tendulkar}} | align=center | 463 | align=center | 452 | align=center | 44.83 | align=center | 49 | align=center | 96 | 1989–2012 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style= text-align:center; | 14,941 | {{sortname|Virat|Kohli}}{{dagger}} | align=center | 314 | align=center | 302 | align=center | 58.59 | align=center | 54 | align=center | 79 | 2008–2026 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 11,895 | Rohit Sharma{{dagger}} | align=center | 288 | align=center | 280 | align=center | 48.95 | align=center | 34 | align=center | 62 | 2007–2025 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 11,221 | {{sortname|Sourav|Ganguly}} | align=center | 308 | align=center | 297 | align=center | 40.95 | align=center | 22 | align=center | 71 | 1992–2007 |- | align=center | 5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 10,768 | {{sortname|Rahul|Dravid}} | align=center | 340 | align=center | 314 | align=center | 39.15 | align=center | 12 | align=center | 82 | 1996–2011 |- | colspan=9 | <small>An sabunta: 4 Agusta 2024</small><ref>{{cite news |title=India ODI Records – Most career runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=2;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> |} '''Mafi yawan wickets a ODI ga Indiya''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Wickets ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Matsakaici ! scope=col | SR ! scope=col | 4 ! scope=col | 5 ! scope=col | Lokaci |- | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 334 | {{sortname|Anil|Kumble}} | align=center | 269 | align=center | 263 | align=center | 30.83 | align=center | 43.0 | align=center | 8 | align=center | 2 | 1990–2007 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 315 | {{sortname|Javagal|Srinath}} | align=center | 229 | align=center | 227 | align=center | 28.08 | align=center | 37.8 | align=center | 7 | align=center | 3 | 1991–2003 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 288 | {{sortname|Ajit|Agarkar}} | align=center | 191 | align=center | 188 | align=center | 27.85 | align=center | 32.9 | align=center | 12 | align=center | 2 | 1998–2007 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 269 | {{sortname|Zaheer|Khan}} | align=center | 194 | align=center | 191 | align=center | 30.11 | align=center | 36.4 | align=center | 7 | align=center | 1 | 2000–2012 |- | align=center | 5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 265 | {{sortname|Harbhajan|Singh}} | align=center | 234 | align=center | 225 | align=center | 33.47 | align=center | 46.6 | align=center | 2 | align=center | 3 | 1998–2015 |- class=sortbottom | colspan=10 | <small>An sabunta: 4 Agusta 2024</small><ref name="odi wick">{{cite news |title=India ODI Records – Most career wickets |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNCricinfo |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> |} {{col-end}} ===Twenty20 na ƙasa da ƙasa=== '''Rikodin fafatawa da juna''' {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} '''Mafi yawan runs a T20I ga Indiya'''<ref name="Law 18 – Scoring runs"/><ref>{{cite news |title=T20I Records – Most career runs |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282827.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=21 November 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Runs ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Lokaci |- | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,231 | Rohit Sharma || align=center | 159 || align=center | 151 || 2007–2024 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 4,188 | Virat Kohli || align=center | 125 || align="center" | 117 || 2010–2024 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 3,272 | Suryakumar Yadav{{dagger}} || align=center | 113 || align=center | 106 || 2021–2026 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2,288 | Hardik Pandya || align=center | 138 || align=center | 109 || 2016–2022 |- | align=center | 5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 2265 | KL Rahul {{dagger}} || align=center | 72 || align=center | 68 || 2016–2026 |- |- class=sortbottom | colspan=9 | <small>An sabunta: 26 Fabrairu 2026</small><ref name="India T20I Records – Most career runs">{{cite news |title=India T20I Records – Most career runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?class=3;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref> |} '''Mafi yawan wickets a T20I ga Indiya'''<ref name="Most career wickets">{{cite news |title=T20I Records – Most career wickets |url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283194.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope=col | Matsayi ! scope=col | Wickets ! scope=col | Ɗan wasa ! scope=col | Wasanni ! scope=col | Innings ! scope=col | Lokaci |- | align=center | 1 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 140 | Arshdeep Singh{{dagger}} || align=center | 93 || align=center | 91 || 2022-2026 |- | align=center | 2 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 123 | {{sortname|Jasprit|Bumrah}}{{dagger}} || align=center | 97 || align=center | 94 || 2016-2026 |- | align=center | 3 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 114 | Hardik Pandya{{dagger}}|| align=center | 138 || align=center | 124 || 2016-2026 |- | align=center | 4 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 103 | {{sortname|Axar|Patel}}|| align=center | 103 || align=center | 96 || 2016-2026 |- | align=center rowspan=2|5 ! scope=row style=text-align:center; | 96 | Yuzvendra Chahal{{dagger}} || align=center | 80 || align=center | 79 || 2017-2023 |- |- class=sortbottom | colspan=8 | <small>An sabunta: 26 Fabrairu 2026</small><ref name="India T20I Records – Most career wickets">{{cite news |title=India T20I Records – Most career wickets |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=3;id=6;type=team |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref> |} {{col-end}} ==Rikodin mutum ɗaya== [[File:Tendulkar closup.jpg|thumb|[[Sachin Tendulkar]] yana murnar ƙarni na 38 na [[Century (cricket)|Test]] ɗinsa a lokacin wasa da Australia a shekarar 2008. Yana riƙe da [[List of career achievements by Sachin Tendulkar|rikodin duniya da dama]], ciki har da kasancewa wanda ya fi kowa yawan runs a duniya a Test da ODI, da kuma wanda ya fi kowa yawan ƙarni a Test.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/sachin-tendulkar-35320 |title=Sachin Tendulkar |publisher=ESPNCricInfo |access-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915165421/http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/player/35320.html |archive-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>]] [[Sachin Tendulkar]], wanda ya fara buga wa Indiya wasa yana da shekaru 16 a shekarar 1989, kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa yawan runs a tarihin wasan kurket na Test da ODI, yana riƙe da yawan rikodin batting na ƙasa. Yana riƙe da rikodin yawan wasanni a Test da ODI, yawan runs a Test da ODI, da kuma yawan ƙarni a Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/25/sachin-tendulkar|title=Sachin Tendulkar:Cricbuzz.com|access-date=12 August 2022|archive-date=2 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702143856/https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/25/sachin-tendulkar|url-status=live}}</ref> Mafi yawan maki da ɗan Indiya ya ci a wasa guda shi ne 319 da [[Virender Sehwag]] ya ci a Chennai. Wannan shi ne ƙarni uku na biyu da ɗan Indiya ya taɓa ci a wasan Test, yayin da na farko shi ne 309, wanda Sehwag ɗin ya ci a wasan da Pakistan. Mafi yawan maki da ƙungiyar ta taɓa ci shi ne 759/7 a kan Ingila a filin wasa na MA Chidambaram, Chennai, a shekarar 2016, yayin da mafi ƙarancin maki shi ne 36 a kan Australia a shekarar 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=India all out for 36 – their lowest-ever Test score – as Australia romp to victory in series opener |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12175/12166962/india-all-out-for-36-their-lowest-ever-test-score-as-australia-romp-to-victory-in-series-opener |website=skysports.com |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=2 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202142422/https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12175/12166962/india-all-out-for-36-their-lowest-ever-test-score-as-australia-romp-to-victory-in-series-opener |url-status=live }}</ref> A wasannin ODI, mafi yawan maki da ƙungiyar ta ci shi ne 418/5 a kan West Indies a Indore a kakar 2011–12. Indiya ta ci 413–5 a wasa da [[Bermuda national cricket team|Bermuda]] a [[2007 Cricket World Cup|Kofin Duniya na 2007]], wanda a lokacin shi ne mafi yawan maki da aka taɓa ci a tarihin Kofin Duniya na Cricket. A wannan wasan kuma, Indiya ta kafa rikodin duniya na mafi girman tazarar nasara a wasan ODI, inda ta ci da runs 257.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/match/3135#scorecard|title=Bermuda v India Match 12|access-date=12 August 2022|archive-date=12 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812161159/https://www.icc-cricket.com/match/3135#scorecard|url-status=live}}</ref> Indiya ta kuma samu wasu ƙididdigar bowling masu ƙarfi, inda mai jefa ƙwallo na spin [[Anil Kumble]] ya kasance cikin fitattun masu jefa ƙwallo huɗu da suka taɓa ɗaukar wickets 600 a Test.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/98/anil-kumble|title=Anil Kumble|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=3 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503093114/https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/98/anil-kumble|url-status=live}}</ref> A shekarar 1999, Kumble ya kwaikwayi abin da [[Jim Laker]] ya yi, inda ya zama mai jefa ƙwallo na biyu da ya ɗauki wickets 10 a innings ɗaya na wasan Test, bayan da ya ɗauki wickets 10 kan runs 74 a kan Pakistan a [[Feroz Shah Kotla]] da ke [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/watch-on-this-day-in-1999-anil-kumble-picks-10-wickets-in-an-innings-against-pakistan-4738955.html|title=On This Day in 1999, Anil Kumble Picks 10 Wickets in an Innings Against Pakistan|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814133144/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/watch-on-this-day-in-1999-anil-kumble-picks-10-wickets-in-an-innings-against-pakistan-4738955.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/anil-kumble-10-wickets-22-years-february-7-india-vs-pakistan-1766744-2021-02-07|title=February 7, 1999: Anil Kumble emulates Jim Laker with historic 10-wicket haul vs Pakistan in Delhi|date=7 February 2021 |access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201153021/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/anil-kumble-10-wickets-22-years-february-7-india-vs-pakistan-1766744-2021-02-07|url-status=live}}</ref> Yawancin rikodin ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya kuma rikodin duniya ne, misali yawan ƙarni na Tendulkar (a Test da ODI) da kuma yawan runs ɗinsa (a Test da ODI).<ref>{{cite web |date=6 April 2020 |title=Sachin Tendulkar's List of 100 Centuries with Full Details Across All Formats |url=https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/news/sachin-tendulkars-list-of-centuries/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |website=Times of Sports |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814133424/https://www.timesofsports.com/cricket/news/sachin-tendulkars-list-of-centuries/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Maki 183 ba tare da an fitar da shi ba da Dhoni ya ci a kan [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] a shekarar 2005 shi ne rikodin duniya na mafi yawan maki da wicketkeeper ya ci a ODI.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/on-this-day-in-2005-dhoni-registered-his-highest-odi-score-2594379|title=On This Day In 2005: MS Dhoni Registered His Highest ODI Score|newspaper=Ndtvsports.com |access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=5 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505035504/https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/on-this-day-in-2005-dhoni-registered-his-highest-odi-score-2594379|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya kuma tana riƙe da rikodin wasanni 17 a jere da ta yi nasarar bin target a ODI,<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dravid-rues-faulty-execution-248029|title = Dravid rues faulty execution|work = ESPNcricinfo|access-date = 8 March 2022|date = 21 May 2006|archive-date = 9 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220309033207/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/dravid-rues-faulty-execution-248029|url-status = live}}</ref> wanda ya ƙare a wasa mai cike da ban mamaki da West Indies a watan Mayu 2006, inda Indiya ta sha kashi da tazara ta run guda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-2006-219430/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-odi-239916/live-cricket-score|title=2nd ODI, Kingston, May 20, 2006, India tour of West Indies|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814134404/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-west-indies-2006-219430/west-indies-vs-india-2nd-odi-239916/live-cricket-score|url-status=live}}</ref> Tendulkar shi ne ɗan wasan batting na farko da ya ci runs 200 a innings ɗaya na ODI, inda bai fita ba bayan ya ci 200 daga deliveries 147, ciki har da fours 25 da sixes 3, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2010 a kan Afirka ta Kudu a [[Gwalior]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2022/feb/24/on-this-day-in-2010-tendulkar-creates-history-by-scoring-first-double-century-in-mens-odi-cricket-2423187.html#:~:text=T20%20World%20Cup-,On%20this%20day%20in%202010%3A%20Tendulkar%20creates%20history%20by%20scoring,25%20fours%20and%203%20sixes.|title=On this day in 2010: Tendulkar creates history by scoring first double century in Men's ODI cricket|date=24 February 2022 |access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814134404/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2022/feb/24/on-this-day-in-2010-tendulkar-creates-history-by-scoring-first-double-century-in-mens-odi-cricket-2423187.html#:~:text=T20%20World%20Cup-,On%20this%20day%20in%202010%3A%20Tendulkar%20creates%20history%20by%20scoring,25%20fours%20and%203%20sixes.|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Disamba 2011, ɗan ƙasar Indiya Virender Sehwag ya zarce wannan nasarar, inda ya ci runs 219 daga deliveries 149 (fours 25 da sixes 7) a kan West Indies a [[Indore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/sports/on-this-day-in-2011-virender-sehwag-became-second-indian-batter-to-score-odi-double-century-5128492/#:~:text=Sehwag%2C%20went%20on%20to%20score,the%20match%20by%20153%20runs.|title=On This Day In 2011: Virender Sehwag Became Second Indian Batter To Score ODI Double Century|date=8 December 2021|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814134731/https://www.india.com/sports/on-this-day-in-2011-virender-sehwag-became-second-indian-batter-to-score-odi-double-century-5128492/#:~:text=Sehwag%2C%20went%20on%20to%20score,the%20match%20by%20153%20runs.|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 2014, wani ɗan wasan Indiya mai buɗe innings, [[Rohit Sharma]], ya karya wannan rikodin, inda ya ci runs 264 daga deliveries 173 (fours 33 da sixes 9) a kan Sri Lanka a [[Kolkata]], West Bengal. A shekarar 2013, Dhoni ya zama kyaftin na farko a tarihi da ya lashe manyan kofunan ICC guda uku—Kofin Duniya na ICC na Cricket a 2011, ICC World Twenty20 a 2007 da ICC Champions Trophy a 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-retires-only-international-captain-to-win-3-icc-trophies-1711628-2020-08-15|title=MS Dhoni retires: Only international captain to win 3 ICC trophies|date=15 August 2020 |access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814135153/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ms-dhoni-retires-only-international-captain-to-win-3-icc-trophies-1711628-2020-08-15|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-2011-world-cup-final-2007-t20-world-cup-2013-champions-trophy/article28321561.ece|title=Dhoni retires: the only international captain to win 3 ICC trophies|date=15 August 2020|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201153021/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ms-dhoni-retires-2011-world-cup-final-2007-t20-world-cup-2013-champions-trophy/article28321561.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/players-who-have-won-all-3-icc-titles|title=4 Indian Players who have won all 3 ICC Titles|date=20 December 2018 |access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814135154/https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/players-who-have-won-all-3-icc-titles|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sportzcraazy.com/list-of-double-centuries-by-rohit-sharma-in-odis-cricket/|title=List of Double Centuries by Rohit Sharma in ODIs Cricket|date=30 April 2020|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=1 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201153023/https://www.sportzcraazy.com/list-of-double-centuries-by-rohit-sharma-in-odis-cricket/|url-status=live}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Kohli ya zama ɗan wasan kurket na farko da ya lashe kyautar Man of the Series sau biyu a jere a [[2014 ICC World Twenty20]] da [[2016 ICC World Twenty20]]. Rohit shi ne wanda ya fi kowa yawan runs a T20I {{as of|2024|7|lc=y}} kuma yana cikin waɗanda suka haɗa da mafi yawan ƙarni a T20I.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-05 |title=Virat Kohli Vs Rohit Sharma: Who Retired With Most Runs, Centuries And Wins? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/virat-kohli-vs-rohit-sharma-who-retired-with-most-runs-centuries-and-wins-article-111511338 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Ravichandran Ashwin ya zama ɗan wasan kurket mafi sauri a tarihi da ya kai wickets 250.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-r-ashwin-the-fastest-to-250-test-wickets-1081965|title=Ashwin – the fastest to 250 Test wickets|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814140959/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/stats-r-ashwin-the-fastest-to-250-test-wickets-1081965|url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" border="1" |+ 'Yan wasan kurket maza na Indiya da suka shiga [[ICC Cricket Hall of Fame]] |- ! rowspan=2| Wanda aka shigar ! rowspan=2| Shekarar shigarwa ! colspan=2| Test ! colspan=2| ODI |- ! Wasanni !! Lokaci !! Wasanni !! Lokaci |- !Bishan Bedi | 2009|| 67 || 1966–1979 ||10 || 1974–1979 |- !Kapil Dev | 2009 || 131 || 1979–1994 || 225 ||1978–1994 |- !Sunil Gavaskar | 2009 || 125 || 1971–1987 || 108 ||1974–1987 |- !Anil Kumble | 2015 || 132 || 1990–2008 || 271 || 1990–2007 |- !Rahul Dravid | 2018 || 164 || 1996–2012 || 344 || 1996–2011 |- !Sachin Tendulkar | 2019 || 200 || 1989–2013 || 463 || 1989–2012 |- !Vinoo Mankad | 2021 || 44 || 1946–1959 || 0 || N/A |- !Virender Sehwag | 2023 || 104 || 2001–2013 || 251 || 1999–2013 |- !MS Dhoni | 2025 || 90 || 2005–2014 || 350 || 2004–2019 |} ==Magoya baya== [[File:Flagcricket.jpg|thumb|Magoya bayan ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya suna daga [[Indian flag|tutar Indiya]] a lokacin wasan da Indiya ta yi da Australia a [[Melbourne Cricket Ground]]|left]] Saboda yawan [[Indian diaspora|Indiyawa mazauna ƙasashen waje]] a ƙasashe kamar [[Australia]], [[England]] da [[South Africa]], ana sa ran samun dimbin magoya bayan Indiya a duk lokacin da Indiya ta buga wasa a ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. A cikin shekaru an kafa ƙungiyoyin magoya baya na hukuma da dama, ciki har da Bharat Army,<ref>{{cite web|title=Bharat Army History|url=http://www.bharat-army.com/history/|publisher=www.bharat-army.com|access-date=1 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702052108/http://www.bharat-army.com/history/|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref] wadda take matsayin takwararta ta Indiya ta [[Barmy Army]], kuma ta kasance mai ƙwazo wajen nuna goyon baya lokacin da Indiya ta kai ziyara Australia a shekarar 2003–04. An san su da danganta wasu shahararrun waƙoƙin Indiya da ƙungiyar wasan kurket.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/27/1072308727357.html?from=storyrhs|title=Swami Army Roars to Full Battle Cry|work=The Age Newspaper|access-date=21 September 2006|location=Melbourne|date=28 December 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017155413/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/27/1072308727357.html?from=storyrhs|archive-date=17 October 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Gasa tsakanin magoya baya da kuma takaddamar da ke tsakanin ƙasashe ta haifar da [[India–Pakistan cricket rivalry|ƙaƙƙarfan hamayya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na Indiya da Pakistan]]. A tafiye-tafiyen da waɗannan ƙasashe biyu ke yi, ana yawan amfani da bizar wasan kurket domin biyan bukatun dubban magoya bayan da ke son ketare iyaka domin kallon wasan kurket. Wannan tsananin sadaukarwar magoya baya na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka taimaka wa BCCI samun nasarar kuɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050221/sports.htm#1|title = 10,000 Visas for Pak Cricket Fans|work = The Tribune, Chandigarh|access-date = 21 September 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060903055335/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050221/sports.htm#1|archive-date = 3 September 2006|url-status = live}}</ref> [[File:A Cricket fan at the Chepauk stadium, Chennai.jpg|thumb|[[Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary]], wani mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya, yana zuwa dukkan wasannin gida na Indiya, inda yake zana jikinsa da [[Body painting|zanen jiki]] irin na [[Indian flag|tutar Indiya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/296783.html|title=A snake charmer and an investment guru|last=Binoy|first=George|date=4 June 2007|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 February 2010|archive-date=28 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228205111/http://www.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/296783.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ticket>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1540753.cms|title=Sachin is this fan's match ticket|date=31 January 2007|work=The Times of India|access-date=18 February 2010|archive-date=27 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227055204/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1540753.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>]] Sai dai haka, akwai wasu matsaloli da ke tattare da samun al'umma mai tsananin son wasan kurket. Yawancin Indiyawa suna ɗaukar [[Cricket in India|wasan kurket]] da muhimmanci sosai, kuma ba sa karɓar rashin nasara da kyau. A wasu lokuta, musamman bayan rashin nasara a kan Pakistan ko kuma bayan dogon lokaci na rashin kyakkyawan sakamako, an bayar da rahoton cewa an kona hotunan 'yan wasa a tituna tare da lalata gidajensu.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2870000/newsid_2871400/2871497.stm|title = Ganguly's Debt of Gratitude|work = BBC News|access-date = 21 September 2006|date = 21 March 2003|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090113015842/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2870000/newsid_2871400/2871497.stm|archive-date = 13 January 2009|url-status = live}}</ref> A lokuta da dama, kafofin watsa labarai sun yi wa 'yan wasa bincike da tsauraran suka saboda dalilai marasa kyau. An ɗauki wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka cire Ganguly daga ƙungiyar Indiya. A wasu lokuta, idan takaddama ta dabaibaye wasa, hakan kan haifar da rikici. Misali, lokacin da Indiya ta sha kashi a hannun Australia a [[Brabourne Stadium]] a shekarar 1969, magoya baya sun fara jifan filin da duwatsu da kwalabe tare da kunna kujerun kallo wuta, kafin su kewaye ɗakunan sauya kaya na ƙungiyar Australia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/down-memory-lane-riots-of-1969-tied-test-and-mother-of-all-comebacks/articleshow/97623403.cms?from=mdr|title=India vs Austalia [sic]: Riots of 1969, tied Test and mother of all comebacks|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=5 February 2023 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> A wannan rangadin, an samu turmutsitsi a [[Eden Gardens]] bayan an sayar da tikiti fiye da adadin kujerun da ake da su, kuma Indiya ta sake shan kashi; daga baya aka jefi motar ƙungiyar Australia da tubali.<ref name="Riots">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/i-predict-a-riot-243910|title = I predict a riot|author=Andrew Miller|author2=Martin Williamson|access-date = 8 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208133819/http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/243910.html|archive-date = 8 February 2007|url-status = live|date = 11 April 2006}}</ref> Irin wannan lamari ya sake faruwa a lokacin [[1996 Cricket World Cup|Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 1996]], lokacin da Indiya ke shan kashi a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Sri Lanka a Eden Gardens. A wannan yanayin, magoya bayan sun nuna rashin jin daɗinsu ga ƙungiyar Indiya saboda rashin ƙwazon da ta nuna. An sanya jami'an tsaro masu ɗauke da makamai a gidan kyaftin Mohammad Azharuddin domin tabbatar da lafiyarsa.<ref name="Riots" /> A shekarar 1999, an samu tarzoma a wasan Test da Pakistan a [[Eden Gardens]] bayan wani karo da ɗan wasan Pakistan mai saurin jefa ƙwallo [[Shoaib Akhtar]] ya yi da Sachin, wanda ya sa aka fitar da Sachin, lamarin da ya tilasta wa 'yan sanda fitar da 'yan kallo daga filin kuma aka ci gaba da wasan a filin da babu masu kallo. A shekarar 2006, jerin ƙarancin maki da Tendulkar ya samu ya sa magoya bayan Mumbai suka yi masa ihu lokacin da aka fitar da shi a wasan da Ingila.<ref name="Sachinboo">{{cite web|url = http://www.indiadaily.org/entry/sachin-tendulkar-booed-by-wankhede-crowd/|title = Sachin Tendulkar booed by Wankhede Crowd|work = India Daily|access-date = 15 January 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061011174138/http://www.indiadaily.org/entry/sachin-tendulkar-booed-by-wankhede-crowd/|archive-date = 11 October 2006|url-status = dead}}</ref> Sau da yawa, magoya baya kan gudanar da zanga-zanga game da 'yan wasa idan sun yi imanin cewa bangaranci na yanki ya shafi zaɓen 'yan wasa, ko kuma saboda goyon bayan 'yan wasan yankinsu. A shekarar 2005, lokacin da aka cire Ganguly daga ƙungiyar, garinsu [[Kolkata]] ya shiga zanga-zanga.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://in.rediff.com/cricket/2005/dec/15protest.htm|title = Protests rock Kolkata over Ganguly's exclusion|work = Rediff|access-date = 14 October 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051218094401/http://in.rediff.com/cricket/2005/dec/15protest.htm|archive-date = 18 December 2005|url-status = live}}</ref> Daga baya Indiya ta buga wasa da [[South Africa national cricket team|Afirka ta Kudu]] a Kolkata. Magoya bayan sun yi wa ƙungiyar Indiya ihu tare da goyon bayan Afirka ta Kudu maimakon Indiya saboda cire Ganguly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/for-the-love-of-dada-when-eden-gardens-turned-against-india-because-ganguly-was-not-playing-501704.html|title=For The Love Of Dada – When Eden Gardens Turned Against India Because Ganguly Was Not Playing|date=26 May 2020|access-date=7 December 2021|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207061538/https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/for-the-love-of-dada-when-eden-gardens-turned-against-india-because-ganguly-was-not-playing-501704.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Irin wannan rarrabuwar kan batun zaɓe tsakanin yankuna daban-daban a Indiya ta kuma haifar da zanga-zanga a kan ƙungiyar, inda masu fafutukar siyasa daga jam'iyyar Kalinga Kamgar Sena ta yankin [[Odisha]] suka hana isowar ƙungiyar a [[Cuttack]] domin wasan ODI saboda rashin ɗan wasan yankin a ƙungiyar, inda wani mai fafutuka ya yi wa koci [[Greg Chappell]] tsangwama.<ref>{{cite news|title =Security concerns over Barabati Stadium's future|url =https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/security-concerns-over-barabati-stadium-s-future-277430|date=24 January 2007|access-date=8 March 2022|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070127090954/http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/indvwi/content/current/story/277430.html|archive-date =27 January 2007|url-status =live}}</ref> An kuma yi wa [[Sunil Gavaskar]] irin wannan abu a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na 1987 daga magoya baya a [[Wankhede Stadium]] lokacin da [[Phillip DeFreitas]] ya fitar da shi ta hanyar [[bowled]].<ref name="Sachinboo" /> Jerin nasarori masu kyau, musamman [[India-Pakistan cricket rivalry|nasarorin da aka samu a kan babbar abokiyar hamayya Pakistan]] ko nasarori a manyan gasa na [[International Cricket Council|ICC]] kamar [[Cricket World Cup|Kofin Duniya]], [[Men's T20 World Cup|T20 World Cup]] da [[ICC Champions Trophy|Champions Trophy]], magoya bayan Indiya suna maraba da su cikin matuƙar farin ciki.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040402/sports.htm#5|title = The Entire Nation Erupts with Joy|work = The Tribune, Chandigarh|access-date = 8 March 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060910193235/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040402/sports.htm#5|archive-date = 10 September 2006|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/india-pakistan-cricket-rivalry-a-war-without-shooting-magazine-234361|title=India-Pakistan Cricket Rivalry: A War Without Shooting|date=3 November 2022 |access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420211702/https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/india-pakistan-cricket-rivalry-a-war-without-shooting-magazine-234361|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-vs-pakistan-a-complex-cricket-rivalry-hitting-new-heights/a-63488368|title=India vs. Pakistan: A complex rivalry hitting new heights|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=21 April 2023|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421160831/https://www.dw.com/en/india-vs-pakistan-a-complex-cricket-rivalry-hitting-new-heights/a-63488368|url-status=live}}</ref> Hamayyar wasan Test sun haɗa da [[Border–Gavaskar Trophy]] da [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]], [[Gandhi–Mandela Trophy]] da [[South Africa national cricket team|Afirka ta Kudu]], da [[Anderson–Tendulkar Trophy]] da [[England cricket team|Ingila]]. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Ƙarin karatu== ===Littattafan da aka ambata=== * {{cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Boria |title=Eleven Gods and a Billion Indians: The On and Off the Field Story of Cricket in India and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Simon & Schuster India |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-93-86797-18-6}} * {{cite book | last=Guha | first=Ramachandra | title=The Commonwealth of Cricket | url=https://archive.org/details/commonwealthofcr0000rama_a9c2 | date=2020 | publisher=Fourth Estate | isbn=978-93-90327-28-7}} * {{cite book | last=Guha | first=Ramachandra | title=A Corner of a Foreign Field | url=https://archive.org/details/liang.cornerofforeignf0000guha | publisher=Pan Macmillan | date=2003 | isbn=978-0-330-49117-4}} * {{cite book | last=Sen | first=Ronojoy | title=Nation at Play | publisher=Contemporary Asia in the World | date=2015 | isbn=978-0-231-16490-0}} ===Majiyoyin da aka ambata=== *{{cite web|url=https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|title=Chronology of Important Sports Events — West Bengal|website=wbsportsandyouth.gov.in|publisher=Government of West Bengal – Department of youth services and sports|date=2017|access-date=25 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013092944/https://wbsportsandyouth.gov.in/chronology|archive-date=13 October 2022|location=Kolkata}} *{{Cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/14|title=Board of Control for Cricket in India — History of cricket in India|website=icc-cricket.com|publisher=International Cricket Council|access-date=17 February 2023|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004130227/https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/members/asia/full/14}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5aguuhw47dmwkm4t4bsb2y3ri8f1cpk 0 172484 967073 940397 2026-10-13T06:51:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Kurket|Wasan Kurket]] shine wasan da ya fi shahara a [[Indiya]] . Ana buga shi kusan ko'ina a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Most Watched Sports in India |url=https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/sports/7-most-watched-sports-in-india-1682687266138 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da kurket a Indiya. Tana gudanar da dukkan gasannin cikin gida a Indiya kuma tana zaɓar 'yan wasan ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasa ta Indiya da kuma ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta ƙasa ta Indiya don wakiltar Indiya a gasar kurket ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya ba ya bin tsarin da aka saba gani kuma yana yaɗuwa a duk tsawon shekarar kalanda, sabanin ƙungiyoyin kurket na Australiya da Ingila waɗanda ke yawo a wasu ƙasashe a lokacin hunturunsu kuma suna wasa a gida a lokacin bazararsu. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket mafi nasara a duniya, bayan ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Cricket sau 2, Kofin Duniya na T20 guda 3, Kofin Zakarun Turai guda 3 kuma ta kammala a matsayi na biyu sau biyu a Gasar Gwaji ta Duniya . Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Indiya ta kuma lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta kurket . Indiya ta dauki nauyin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket da dama, {{Efn|It hosted the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]], [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]] and [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]] [[Cricket World Cup]]s, the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006 Champions Trophy]] and the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 T20 World Cup]]. It also hosted [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup]].}} kuma za ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta T20 ta 2026, {{Efn|the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup]] is scheduled to take place in India, but Sri Lanka will also serve as a co-host.<ref name=C2/>}} gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 2029, da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2031 a nan gaba. {{Efn|the [[2031 Cricket World Cup]] is scheduled to take place in India, but Bangladesh will also serve as a co-host.<ref name=C2/>}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=...2024–31 men's tournament hosts confirmed. |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/usa-to-stage-t20-world-cup-2024-2031-icc-mens-tournament-hosts-confirmed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=icc-cricket}}</ref> Wasan kurket muhimmin bangare ne na [[al'adun Indiya]] <ref name="CO">{{Cite journal |last=Nair |first=Nisha |date=2011-06-01 |title=Cricket obsession in India: through the lens of identity theory |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |journal=Sport in Society |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=569–580 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |issn=1743-0437 |s2cid=144858524 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma manyan 'yan wasa, kamar Sunil Gavaskar, Mohinder Amarnath, Kapil Dev, Polly Umrigar, Bishan Singh Bedi, Lala Amarnath, Ravi Shastri, Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid, VVS Laxman, Yuvraj Singh, Gautam Gambhir, Virender Sehwag, MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, Rohit Sharma, [[KL Rahul]], Ravichandran Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Hardik Pandya, Jasprit Bumrah, Shubman Gill da Sanju Samson galibi suna samun matsayi na shahara kuma suna daga cikin manyan mutane masu tasiri a kasar. Sau da yawa ana nuna wasan kurket a matsayin mai kishin ƙasa a cikin shahararrun fina-finan Indiya, ciki har da fim ɗin da aka zaɓa a matsayin Academy Award, ''Lagaan'', <nowiki><i id="mwWQ">da</i></nowiki> fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na 2021 game da nasarar da Indiya ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta kurket a 1983. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana da dogon gasa da ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Pakistan, kuma wasannin Indiya da Pakistan suna daga cikin wasannin da ake sa ran za su fafata a duniya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a talabijin a duniya. Gasar wasan kurket tsakanin Indiya da Ostiraliya gasa ce mai ƙarfi da gasa a cikin wasan kurket. An san fafatawar da ke tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashe saboda ƙarfinsu. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan wasannin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. == Tarihi == An kawo wasan kurket zuwa Indiya a farkon shekarun 1700, inda aka fara buga wasan kurket a shekarar 1721. A lokacin da aka gabatar da shi, ya zama hanyar da Indiyawa za su iya shiga cikin al'adun Birtaniya. Ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu, ya sauƙaƙa haɗakar juna. A lokacin da yake a Indiya, manyan 'yan wasan Indiya ne suka yi wasan don samun karbuwa a wurin 'yan Birtaniya. Wannan haɗin gwiwa da manyan mutane ya ƙara darajar wasanni da shahararsa a faɗin ƙasar. Duk da cewa ya fara ne a matsayin wasan ƙasashen waje, a ƙarshe wasan ya fara da alaƙa da Indiya kuma ya fara taka rawa a asalin Indiya. A ƙarshen shekarun 1800, hoton wasan kurket ya fara canzawa daga kasancewa wasa na musamman na manyan 'yan wasa yayin da 'yan wasa daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da al'ummomin da ba su da galihu suka fara wasa da kuma nuna alamunsu. === 1800s zuwa 1918 === [[File:Ranjitsinhji_c1900.jpg|thumb|237x237px| An ɗauki Ranjitsinhji a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan bats na zamaninsa.]] Wasan farko na wasan kurket na farko da aka buga a Indiya ya faru ne a shekarar 1864 tsakanin Calcutta da Madras (yanzu Chennai). Babu rikodin da yawa daga wasan. Tarihin wasan kurket a Indiya da kuma yankin nahiyar gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan wanzuwar da kuma ci gaban British Raj ta hanyar Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya . === 1918 zuwa 1945 === Indiya ta zama ta shida a cikin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ta buga wasan kurket na Test a rangadin da ta yi a Ingila a shekarar 1932 . Kyaftin CK Nayudu ne, kuma gwajin farko da suka yi ya kasance ne da Ingila a filin wasan kurket na Lord's daga ranar 25 zuwa 28 ga Yuni, amma an doke su da maki 158. === 1945 zuwa 1960 === Babban abin da ya faru a tarihin wasan kurket na Indiya a wannan lokacin shine Raba ƙasar Indiya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya Raj a shekarar 1947. Wani abin da ya fara kawo cikas ga sauyi shi ne gasar Bombay Quadrangular, wadda ta kasance cibiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tsawon sama da shekaru 50. Sabuwar Indiya ba ta da wurin zama ga ƙungiyoyi bisa ga asalin ƙabila. Sakamakon haka, gasar Ranji ta zama ta musamman a matsayin gasar cin kofin kasa. An lashe tseren Bombay Pentangula na ƙarshe, kamar yadda ya zama, a hannun Hindu a 1945–46. Indiya ta kuma samu nasarar farko a gasar Gwaji a shekarar 1952, inda ta doke Ingila da ci daya mai ban haushi a Madras. <ref name="SC">{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service. Story of Cricket |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1157_cricket_history/page6.shtml |access-date=2012-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> === 1960 zuwa 1970 === Wata ƙungiya ta mamaye wasan kurket na Indiya gaba ɗaya a shekarun 1960. A matsayin wani ɓangare na nasarori 14 a jere a gasar Ranji Trophy daga 1958–59 zuwa 1972–73, Bombay ta lashe gasar a dukkan kakar wasa goma na wannan lokacin da ake nazari a kai. Daga cikin 'yan wasanta akwai Farokh Engineer, Dilip Sardesai, Bapu Nadkarni, Ramakant Desai, Baloo Gupte, Ashok Mankad da Ajit Wadekar . An ƙaddamar da gasar Duleep Trophy a matsayin gasar yanki a kakar wasa ta 1961-1962. An sanya masa suna ne bayan ɗan'uwan Ranji, Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji (1905–59). Ganin cewa Bombay tana cikin jerin ƙasashe masu arzikin ƙasa, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Yankin Yamma ya lashe kofuna shida daga cikin tara na farko. === 1970 zuwa 1985 === Bombay (wanda yanzu ake kira Mumbai) ta ci gaba da mamaye wasan kurket na cikin gida na Indiya, inda Karnataka, Delhi, da wasu ƙungiyoyi kaɗan ne kawai suka sami damar yin kowace irin ƙalubale a wannan lokacin. Indiya ta ji daɗin manyan abubuwan duniya guda biyu. A shekarar 1971, sun lashe gasar Test Series a Ingila a karon farko, abin mamaki sun doke wadanda suka lashe gasar Ashes ta Ray Illingworth. A shekarar 1983, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1983 a Ingila, karkashin jagorancin Kapil Dev. Kapil Dev ya kuma shahara da "Viv Richards Catch", inda ya zira kwallaye 175 ba tare da an cire shi ba, (ƙarni na farko na ODI daga wani ɗan Indiya), kuma ya karya tarihin duniya na 171 na Glenn Turner. 183 shine mafi ƙarancin maki da aka taɓa samu a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya. A shekarun 1970, ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya ta fara ganin nasara a ƙasashen waje inda ta doke New Zealand, sannan ta riƙe Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu da Ingila a kunnen doki. Kashin bayan ƙungiyar shine ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Indiya masu juyawa - Bishen Bedi, EAS Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar da Srinivas Venkataraghavan, wanda ya haifar da abin da daga baya za a kira Zamanin Zinare na tarihin wasan kurket na Indiya. A cikin wannan shekaru goma, an kuma ga fitowar manyan 'yan wasan bats guda biyu na Indiya, Sunil Gavaskar da Gundappa Vishwanath, wadanda suka jagoranci nasarorin da suka samu a jere a shekarar 1971 a gasar West Indies da kuma a Ingila, karkashin jagorancin kyaftin din Ajit Wadekar. Tawagar mata ta Indiya ta fara gwajin a shekarar 1976, inda ta zama ƙasa ta uku da ta yi hakan. Ya fara fitowa a matsayin ODI a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1978. === 1985 zuwa 2000 === A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, gidajen yanar gizo na Burtaniya sun watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na wasannin ƙasashen waje. Wannan babban abu ne da ya haifar da tsarin da yanzu ya zama wasan kurket na zamani. Fasaha ta zamani da kuma kafa cibiyoyin sadarwa na musamman na talabijin sun jawo hankalin duniya ga wasannin. ESPN da Star Sports sun ƙara wasan kurket a cikin shirye-shiryensu na tsawon awanni 24 na ci gaba da watsa shirye-shiryensu kai tsaye. Shahararriyar duniya ta ƙaru a yankin Gabas. An kafa [[Firimiyar Indiya|gasar Premier ta Indiya]], wacce aka fi sani da gasar cikin gida jim kaɗan bayan haka. A shekarun 1980, Indiya ta ƙirƙiro jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi mayar da hankali kan kai hari tare da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan jet kamar Mohammad Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar da Ravi Shastri a cikin wannan shekarun. Duk da nasarar da Indiya ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket a shekarar 1983, kungiyar ta yi rashin nasara a filin wasan Test, ciki har da wasanni 28 a jere na Test ba tare da samun nasara ba. Duk da haka, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1984 kuma ta lashe Gasar Cricket ta Duniya a Ostiraliya a shekarar 1985. An gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta shekarar 1987 a Indiya da Pakistan - karo na farko da aka buga gasar a wajen Ingila. Daga kakar wasa ta 1993-94, an sauya gasar Duleep Trophy daga gasar knockout zuwa gasar lig. An sauya sunayen ƙungiya da haruffa da dama a shekarun 1990 lokacin da aka gabatar da sunayen gargajiya na Indiya don maye gurbin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Raj na Burtaniya . Mafi mahimmanci, Bombay ya zama Mumbai kuma sanannen wurin [[Chennai|Madras]] ya zama [[Chennai]] . Duk da zuwansa a shekarun 1700, shaharar wasan kurket ta ƙaru sosai yayin da take yaɗuwa a yankuna daban-daban. Ya zama abin da ke haɗa kan ƙasar, wanda ya wuce shingayen zamantakewa da al'adu. Da farko wasan ya shahara a tsakanin fitattun mutane, amma ya fara yin fice yayin da mutane daga ƙananan kabilu suka haɗu don yin wasa, kallo, da kuma yin mu'amala da wasan. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, wasan kurket ya ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na al'ummar ƙasar, musamman a fafatawar da ta yi da ita, wanda ya fi shahara a tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ta fito a matsayin wani muhimmin karfi, wanda ke jagorantar wasan zuwa ga dunkulewar duniya baki daya. Fasaha ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar ƙara yawan masu shiga gasar, kawo wasannin kurket kai tsaye cikin gidaje da kuma ƙara yawan masu shiga da kuma tasirinsu. Babban sauyi a dunkulewar duniya a wasan kurket a Indiya ya zo ne da nasara a fagen wasanni na duniya. Nasarorin da aka samu a manyan gasa sun taimaka wajen isa ga duniya baki ɗaya, amma an samu ci gaba a nasarar da aka samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1983. Kapil Dev ne ya jagoranci wannan gasa, inda Sunil Gavaskar da Sachin Tendulkar suma suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a cikin karuwar shaharar da wasan ya samu a wannan lokacin. Waɗannan 'yan wasan sun fito ne daga asali daga cikin manyan mutane na gargajiya, suna bayyana a matsayin shahararrun al'adu waɗanda ke wakiltar mafarkai da burin 'yan Indiya kuma suna haɓaka babban jin daɗin alfahari. Nasarar da suka samu a fagen duniya a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Indiya ta yi matukar tasiri ga Indiya yayin da ta jawo alfahari da girmamawa wanda mutane da yawa ba su ji ba tsawon lokaci. <ref name="Mustafa, Fahad 2013" /> Baya ga karuwar fahimtar kishin ƙasa wanda ya taimaka wajen dunkulewar duniya baki ɗaya, wasan kurket ya yi kama da sauyin yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa na Indiya. Ta hanyar mayar da wani wasa mai daraja zuwa wani abu da jama'a za su iya samu, wasan ya sake maimaita sauye-sauyen zamantakewa tare da karuwar matsakaicin matsayi. Kurket ya zama wani jirgin ruwa na motsa jiki na zamantakewa kuma yana ba da damammaki da bege ga mutane a faɗin Indiya ba tare da la'akari da addininsu, ƙabilarsu, ko matsayinsu na zamantakewa ba. Da karuwar shaharar da wasan ya samu a Indiya, musamman a shekarun 1980, gidajen talabijin na tauraron dan adam na duniya sun fara watsa shirye-shiryen wasan kurket saboda masu sauraronsa a duniya da kuma sabuwar kasuwar masu kallo a Indiya. Domin tabbatar da matsayinsu, waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa sun yi shawarwari kan haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye tare da Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) wanda ya bai wa BCCI dukiya mai yawa wanda ya ƙara taimakawa wajen haɓaka wasan kurket a duniya. Baya ga yaɗuwarta ta hanyar talabijin, haɗakarta ta duniya tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙaruwar masu sayayya a Indiya. Yayin da wasan ya fara samun karbuwa a Indiya a shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, Indiya ta fuskanci karuwar tallace-tallacen talabijin da na allunan talla cikin sauri. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ruwan dare ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da 'yan wasan kurket daban-daban su tallata kayayyaki daban-daban na masu amfani wanda ya taimaka wajen haɓaka duniya. === ƙarni na 21 === [[File:Sachin_Tendulkar_at_MRF_Promotion_Event.jpg|left|thumb|199x199px| Sachin Tendulkar yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan kurket a kowane lokaci. Ana kiransa da 'Allahn Kurket'.]] Sachin Tendulkar yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan membobin ƙungiyar a tsakanin 1989 zuwa 2013 a cikin nau'ikan wasanni daban-daban. Tun daga shekarar 2000, ƙungiyar Indiya ta sami manyan ci gaba bayan naɗa John Wright, kocin ƙasar waje na farko a Indiya. Wannan naɗin ya samu nasara a duk faɗin duniya yayin da Indiya ta ci gaba da riƙe tarihinta na gida ba tare da an doke ta ba a wasanta da Australia a jerin Gwaji bayan ta doke ta a 2001 kuma ta lashe gasar ICC World Twenty20 a karon farko a 2007. Indiya ita ce kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko da ta yi nasara a gasar WACA a watan Janairun 2008 a kan Australia. Nasarar da Indiya ta samu a kan 'yan wasan Australiya a shekara ta 2001 ta nuna farkon zamanin mafarki ga ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kyaftin Sourav Ganguly, inda ta lashe wasannin Test a Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies da Ingila. Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya tare da Sri Lanka a gasar ICC Champions Cup kuma ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2003, sai dai Australia ta doke ta. A watan Satumba na 2007, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta farko da aka gudanar a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Pakistan da ci 5 a wasan karshe mai kayatarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Final: India v Pakistan at Johannesburg, Sep 24, 2007. Cricket Scorecard |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287879.html |access-date=2013-10-21 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket a shekarar 2011 a karkashin jagorancin Mahendra Singh Dhoni, <ref name="SC" /> karo na farko tun 1983 (shekaru 28) - sun doke Sri Lanka a wasan karshe da aka gudanar a filin wasa na Wankhede da ke Mumbai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Team India at T20 Cricket World Cup |url=http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022723/http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html |archive-date=7 March 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |website=www.cricketworldcupinformation.com}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai a shekarar 2013 ta hanyar doke Ingila a Ingila. Indiya ta buga wasan gwaji na 500 da New Zealand wanda Kane Williamson ya jagoranta a Kanpur daga 22 zuwa 26 ga Satumba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of India vs New Zealand 1st Test 2016/17 - Score Report .com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nz-tour-of-india-2016-17-1030193/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-test-1030213/full-scorecard |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe wannan wasan da maki 197. Virat Kohli ya jagoranci Indiya a wannan gwajin. A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2024, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2024 ta hanyar doke Afirka ta Kudu a wasan karshe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India seal T20 World Cup glory after epic duel against South Africa |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629191653/https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India wins men's T20 World Cup, defeating South Africa in dramatic final |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/29/sport/india-south-africa-t20-mens-world-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Sun zama ƙungiya ta uku bayan Ingila da West Indies da suka lashe kofin sau biyu, kuma ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar ba tare da an doke ta ba. A ranar 9 ga Maris 2025, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2025 ba tare da an doke ta ba. Ƙungiyar ta doke New Zealand a wasan ƙarshe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Liew |first=Jonathan |date=9 March 2025 |title=India see off New Zealand to complete clinical Champions Trophy triumph |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/mar/09/india-new-zealand-champions-trophy-final-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Wannan shi ne karo na uku a jere da Indiya ta buga wasan karshe a gasar, haka kuma karo na hudu a jere da ICC ta buga wasan karshe. Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar sau uku. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta Cricket, inda ta doke Afirka ta Kudu da ci 52 a wasan karshe a filin wasa na DY Patil da ke Navi Mumbai . A wasan kusa da na karshe, sun bi sahun babbar manufa ta gudu 339 da Australia, wanda kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girman nasarar tsere a tarihin ODI na Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India stun Australia in record chase to reach final |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c629qv19g0ro}}</ref> An yi bikin wannan nasara sosai a faɗin Indiya kuma an amince da ita a matsayin wani muhimmin lokaci ga wasan kurket na mata a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hit for six: why India's Women's Cricket World Cup win is victory for equality |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/07/india-women-cricket-world-cup-win-victory-equality}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='We were waiting for this moment' - India wins Women's Cricket World Cup for first time |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/02/sport/india-cricket-womenn-world-cup-intl-hnk#:~:text=India%20won%20the%20Women's%20Cricket,Deepti%20Sharma%20and%20Shafali%20Verma}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta T20 ta shekarar 2026, Indiya ta doke New Zealand a wasan karshe . Wannan ya sanya Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 a jere (2024 da 2026), kuma ta lashe kofuna uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20. ==Gudanarwa== '''Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya''' ('''BCCI''') ita ce babbar hukumar ƙasa da ke kula da wasan kurket a Indiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24861269/bcci-covered-india-right-information-rti-act-rules-top-appellate-body|title=BCCI covered under Australia's Right to Information Act, rules top appellate body|access-date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002152001/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24861269/bcci-covered-india-right-information-rti-act-rules-top-appellate-body|archive-date=2 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hedikwatarta tana a Cibiyar Kurket da ke Filin Wasan Wankhede, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Control for Cricket in India, About us|url=https://www.bcci.tv/about/contact-us |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=www.bcci.tv |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517071725/https://www.bcci.tv/about/contact-us |url-status=live}}</ref> BCCI ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kurket mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Explained: ... board set to earn per ICC revenue ... |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/icc-revenue-share-model-2024-27-each-board-bcci-ecb-ca-pcb |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=23 March 2025 |website=Wisden}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI spearheading Covid-hit world? Listing revenues of top 10 richest cricket boards in 2021. |work=Times Now |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/bcci-spearheading-covid-hit-world-listing-revenues-of-top-10-richest-cricket-boards-in/763329 |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120112022/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/bcci-spearheading-covid-hit-world-listing-revenues-of-top-10-richest-cricket-boards-in/763329 |archive-date=20 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI among the richest sporting bodies, boasts 5,300 crore revenue |newspaper=Financial Express |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/bcci-among-richest-sporting-bodies-boasts-of-rs5300-crore-revenue/1012016/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjJi-iw6Kb0AhVqwTgGHVYICCAQFnoECBYQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3xVKgKOJZn9BIpB_kOUEc5 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529175305/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/bcci-among-richest-sporting-bodies-boasts-of-rs5300-crore-revenue/1012016/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjJi-iw6Kb0AhVqwTgGHVYICCAQFnoECBYQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3xVKgKOJZn9BIpB_kOUEc5/ |url-status=live}}</ref> BCCI tana shiga cikin bunƙasa ƙwarewar ’yan wasa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen matakin tushe da makarantun koyar da wasan kurket. Shirye-shiryenta sun haɗa da bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa, horarwa, da shirye-shiryen jin daɗin ’yan wasa waɗanda aka tsara domin kiyaye da kuma inganta matsayin Indiya na fafatawa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. An kafa BCCI a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1928 a tsohuwar Madras (yanzu Chennai) ƙarƙashin Dokar XXI ta shekarar 1860 ta Madras, sannan daga baya aka sake yi mata rajista ƙarƙashin Dokar Rajistar Ƙungiyoyin Tamil Nadu ta shekarar 1975.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://documents.bcci.tv/documents/bcci/documents/1638281851_BCCI-%20Constitution-.pdf|title=BCCI Constitution|page=16|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Ƙungiya ce da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi waɗanda ke zaɓar wakilansu, waɗanda kuma ke zaɓar shugaban BCCI. Ta shiga Taron Kurket na Daular a shekarar 1926, wanda daga baya ya zama Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa (ICC). BCCI ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta ƙarƙashin ikon Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Ƙasa ta Indiya ta Gwamnatin Indiya, kuma ba ta karɓar tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Matasa da Wasanni. BCCI tana da tasiri a wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life changing... |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/life-changing-womens-premier-league-teams-sold-for-806-million-ahead-of-inaugural-tournament/news-story/f6fe3556d127bd40ae68046f47ff0711 |website=Fox sports Australia |date=25 January 2023 |access-date=6 February 2023 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206104649/https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/life-changing-womens-premier-league-teams-sold-for-806-million-ahead-of-inaugural-tournament/news-story/f6fe3556d127bd40ae68046f47ff0711 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Krishna B |first=Venkata |title=BCCI comes under NADA code, but not National Sports Federation yet |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/aug/10/bcci-comes-under-nada-code-but-not-national-sports-federation-yet-2016906.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129075418/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/aug/10/bcci-comes-under-nada-code-but-not-national-sports-federation-yet-2016906.html |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=The New Indian Express|date=10 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI monopoly... |website=The Hindu |date=26 January 2015 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/BCCI-monopoly-and-judicial-review/article62119580.ece/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001072439/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/BCCI-monopoly-and-judicial-review/article62119580.ece/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa tana raba mafi girman kaso na kuɗaɗen shigarta da BCCI. Gasar Premier ta Indiya (IPL), wadda BCCI ke gudanarwa, na ɗaya daga cikin gasannin wasanni mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Explained. The IPL business model and how it compares to sports leagues globally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/explained-the-ipl-business-model-and-how-it-compares-to-sports-leagues-globally/article65547025.ece |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=The Hindu |date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415160141/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/explained-the-ipl-business-model-and-how-it-compares-to-sports-leagues-globally/article65547025.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasar Indiya tana ƙarƙashin Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI), kuma mamba ce ta Majalisar Kurket ta Asiya (ACC). Tun daga shekarar 1926, BCCI tana da alaƙa da ICC, wato hukumar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kula da wasan kurket na duniya. A shekarar 1983, BCCI ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ACC. ===Ayyuka=== Jerin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi ayyukan dukkan ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na ƙasar Indiya a manyan gasa. ====Ƙungiyar manyan maza==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket da suka fi samun nasara a duniya, inda ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket sau 2, Kofin Duniya na T20 sau 3, Champions Trophy sau 3, sannan ta zo matsayi na biyu sau biyu a Gasar Gwajin Duniya. [[File:Tendulkar closup.jpg|thumb|right|Tendulkar, lokacin da ya kai ƙarni na 38 a Test da Australia a Test na 2 a SCG a shekarar 2008, inda ya kammala wasan bai fita ba da runs 154]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Men's Cricket World Cup || 4 out of 13 || 2023 ||{{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (1983, 2011)}} |- | ICC Men's T20 World Cup || 4 out of 10 || 2026 || {{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (2007, 2024, 2026)}} |- | ICC Champions Trophy|| 5 out of 9 || 2025|| {{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (2002, 2013, 2025)}} |- | ICC World Test Championship|| 2 out of 3 || 2023–25 || {{sort|2|Masu matsayi na biyu (2019–21, 2021–23)}} |- | Asia Cup || 12 out of 17 || 2025 || {{sort|9|'''Zakarun''' (1984, 1988, 1990–1991, 1995, 2010, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2025)}} |- | Commonwealth Games|| 0 out of 1 || 1998 || {{sort|1|Matakin rukuni (1998)}} |- | Asian Games|| 1 out of 3 || 2022 || {{sort|1|'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' (2022)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar manyan mata==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata sau ɗaya a shekarar 2025, sannan ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na T20 na Mata sau ɗaya a shekarar 2020. [[File:Indian Batswoman at Cricket Worlds Cup 2010.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Ɗan wasan batting na Indiya a Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata na shekarar 2010]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Women's Cricket World Cup || 3 out of 13 || 2025 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2025)}} |- | ICC Women's T20 World Cup || 1 out of 9 || 2024 || {{sort|1|Masu matsayi na biyu (2020)}} |- | Women's Asia Cup || 8 out of 10 || 2026 || {{sort|8| '''Zakarun''' (2004, 2005-2006, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2022, 2026)}} |- | Commonwealth Games || 1 out of 1 || 2022 || {{sort|1| Lambar yabo ta azurfa (2022)}} |- | Asian Games || 1 out of 3 || 2022 || {{sort|1|'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' (2022)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar maza ta A==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup || 3 out of 6 || 2024 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2013)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar mata ta A==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar<br />a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup || 1 out of 1 || 2023 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2023)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar maza 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup || 10 out of 16 || 2026 || {{sort|5|'''Zakarun''' (2000, 2008, 2012, 2018, 2022, 2026)}} |- | ACC Under-19 Asia Cup || 9 out of 11 || 2024 || {{sort|8|'''Zakarun''' (1989, 2003, 2012, 2013–14, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup || 2 out of 2 || 2025 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2023, 2025)}} |- | Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup || 1 out of 1 || 2024 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2024)}} |} ==Ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi da gasa masu alaƙa== Mambobin Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya sun ƙunshi cikakkun mambobi da mambobin haɗin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BCCI Constitution PDF Archived |url=http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127035803/http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=constitution2022>{{cite book |title=BCCI Constitution |url=https://bcciplayerimages.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/bcci/documents/1638281851_BCCI-%20Constitution-.pdf |publisher=BCCI |access-date=20 September 2022 |date=2018}}</ref> === Cikakkun mambobi === Mafi yawan cikakkun mambobin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi ne waɗanda ke da alaƙa da BCCI. Ana ba kowace jiha damar samun wakili guda ɗaya, ban da Gujarat da Maharashtra, waɗanda ke da wakilai uku kowacce. Haka kuma akwai ƙarin wakilai daga Railways ta Indiya, Services da Jami'o'in Indiya. Sauye-sauyen da Kwamitin Lodha ya ba da shawara, kamar takaita cikakken mambanci ga ƙungiyoyin jihohi da kuma takaita kowace jiha zuwa cikakken mamba guda ɗaya (sauran su zama mambobin haɗin gwiwa)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menon |first1=Suresh |title=Wisden India Almanack 2017 |date=23 February 2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9789385936500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqcoDgAAQBAJ}}</ref> ba BCCI ta aiwatar da su gaba ɗaya ba. Mambobin da suke da cikakken mambanci sun ci gaba da riƙe shi, ban da Cricket Club of India (Mumbai) da National Cricket Club (Kolkata).<ref name=supremecourt2018/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Lamba !Suna !Wakilci !Shugaba !Yanki |- |1 |Andhra Cricket Association |Andhra Pradesh |P. Sarath Chandra Reddy |South |- |2 |Arunachal Cricket Association |Arunachal Pradesh |T. C. Tok |North East |- |3 |Assam Cricket Association |Assam |Taranga Gogoi |East |- |4 |Baroda Cricket Association |Vadodara |Pranav Amin |West |- |5 |Bihar Cricket Association |Bihar |Rakesh Kumar Tiwary |East |- |6 |Chhattisgarh State Cricket Sangh |Chhattisgarh |Jubin Shah |Central |- |7 |Cricket Association of Bengal |West Bengal |Snehasish Ganguly |East |- |8 |Cricket Association of Mizoram |Mizoram |Lalrochhuanga Pachuau |North East |- |9 |Cricket Association of Pondicherry<ref>{{cite news |title=Cricket Association of Pondicherry is a Full Member of BCCI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/cricket-association-of-pondicherry-is-a-full-member-of-bcci/article28563744.ece |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=18 July 2019}}</ref> |Puducherry |G.M. Arunkumar |South |- |10 |Cricket Association of Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand |Jot Singh Gunsola |Central |- |11 |Delhi & District Cricket Association |Delhi |Rohan Jaitley |North |- |12 |Goa Cricket Association |Goa |Vipul Phadke |South |- |13 |Gujarat Cricket Association |Gujarat<br>{{small|(ban da Saurashtra da Vadodara)}} |Dhanraj Nathwani |West |- |14 |Haryana Cricket Association |Haryana |Paramjit Mann |North |- |15 |Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association |Himachal Pradesh |Arun Dhumal |North |- |16 |Hyderabad Cricket Association |Telangana |Jagan Mohan Rao |South |- |17 |Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association |Jammu and Kashmir |Anil Gupta |North |- |18 |Jharkhand State Cricket Association |Jharkhand |Sanjay Sahay |East |- |19 |Karnataka State Cricket Association |Karnataka |Venkatesh Prasad |South |- |20 |Kerala Cricket Association |Kerala |Jayesh George |South |- |21 |Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association |Madhya Pradesh |Abhilash Khandekar |Central |- |22 |Maharashtra Cricket Association |Maharashtra<br>{{small|(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)}} |Rohit Rajendra Pawar |West |- |23 |Manipur Cricket Association |Manipur |Nongthombam Zico Meetei |North East |- |24 |Meghalaya Cricket Association |Meghalaya |Danny Marak |North East |- |25 |Mumbai Cricket Association |Mumbai |Amol Kale |West |- |26 |Nagaland Cricket Association |Nagaland |Kechangulie Rio |North East |- |27 |Odisha Cricket Association |Odisha |Pranab Prakash Das |East |- |28 |Punjab Cricket Association |Punjab |Gulzar Inder Chahal |North |- |29 |Railways Sports Promotion Board |Indian Railways |D. K. Gayen |Central |- |30 |Rajasthan Cricket Association |Rajasthan |Vaibhav Gahlot |Central |- |31 |Saurashtra Cricket Association |Saurashtra |Jaydev Shah |West |- |32 |Services Sports Control Board |Indian Armed Forces |Varun Singh |North |- |33 |Sikkim Cricket Association |Sikkim |Tika Subba |North East |- |34 |Tamil Nadu Cricket Association |Tamil Nadu |Dr. P. Ashok Sigamani |South |- |35 |Union Territory Cricket Association<ref name=chandigarh>{{cite web |title=Cricket Association of Uttarakhand gets BCCI membership |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/cricket-association-of-uttarakhand-gets-bcci-membership-1197461 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=21 September 2022 |date=14 August 2019}}</ref> |Chandigarh |{{center|-}} |North |- |36 |Tripura Cricket Association |Tripura |Tapan Lodh |East |- |37 |Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association |Uttar Pradesh |Dr. Nidhipati Singhania |Central |- |38 |Vidarbha Cricket Association |Vidarbha |Vinay Deshpande |Central |} === Mambobin haɗin gwiwa === Dukkan mambobin da ba su cika ƙa'idojin cikakkun mambobi ba ana rarraba su a matsayin mambobin haɗin gwiwa. Sun haɗa da: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lamba !Suna !Wakilci !Shugaba !Yanki |- |1 |Association of Indian Universities |Indian Universities |Vinay Kumar Pathak |{{center|–}} |- |2 |Cricket Club of India<ref name=supremecourt2018>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court approves new BCCI constitution, with a couple of key tweaks |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/supreme-court-approves-new-bcci-constitution-with-a-couple-of-key-tweaks-1154796 |access-date=2022-09-20 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=supremecourt2022>{{cite news |title=Decoded: What does SC verdict on BCCI's new constitutional amendments mean? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/explained-supreme-court-s-verdict-on-bcci-s-new-constitutional-amendments-122091500971_1.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=Business Standard |date=15 September 2022}}</ref> |{{center|–}} |Madhumati Lele |{{center|–}} |} ==Jerin wasannin lig na jihohi da yankunan tarayya== === Lig-lig na yanzu === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Na maza |- !Jiha/Yankunan Tarayya !Lig !Farko !Matsayi !Na baya-bayan nan !ref |- |Assam |Assam Premier League |2026 |{{Active}} |- |Andhra Pradesh |Andhra Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 | |- |{{flagicon image|Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png}} Chhattisgarh |Chhattisgarh Cricket Premier League | |{{Active}} | | |- |Jharkhand |Jharkhand T20 League |2026 |{{Active}} | | |- |{{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} Kerala |Kerala Cricket League |2024 |{{Active}} | | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Karnataka.svg}} Karnataka |Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} Madhya Pradesh |Madhya Pradesh League |2024 |{{Active}} | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} Maharashtra <small>(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)</small> |Maharashtra Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2025 |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Odisha.svg}} Odisha |Odisha Pro T20 League |- |{{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}} Punjab |Sher-E-Punjab T20 League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |{{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}} Tamil Nadu |Tamil Nadu Premier League |- |Telangana |TG20 |2026 |{{Active}} |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttarakhand.svg}} Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand Premier League |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} Uttar Pradesh |UP T20 League |2023 |{{Active}} |- |West Bengal |Bengal Pro T20 League |2024 |{{Active}} |2026 |- ! colspan="6" |Lig-lig na yankunan tarayya |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}} Delhi |Delhi Premier League T20 |2024 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |{{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} Puducherry |Pondicherry Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- ! colspan="6" |Sauran lig-lig |- |Mumbai {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Mumbai na Maharashtra.}} |T20 Mumbai |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Vadodara {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vadodara na Gujarat.}} |Baroda Premier League |2025 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Vidarbha {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vidarbha na Maharashtra.}} |Vidarbha Premier League |2025 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Saurashtra {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Saurashtra na Gujarat.}} |Saurashtra Pro T20 League |- |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Na mata |- !Jiha/Yankunan Tarayya ! Lig !Matsayi !Farko !Na baya-bayan nan !ref |- |Delhi |Women's Delhi Premier League T20 |- |Madhya Pradesh |- |Maharashtra |Women's Maharashtra Premier League |- |West Bengal |Women's Bengal Pro T20 League |- ||Uttarakhand |Women's Uttarakhand Premier League |- |Vidarbha |} ===Lig na gaba=== {| class="wikitable" !Jiha !Matsayi |- |Arunachal Pradesh | |- |Bihar |- |Goa |- |Gujrat |- |Haryana |- |Himachal Pradesh |- |Manipur |- |Meghalaya |- |Mizoram |- |Nagaland |- |Rajasthan |- |Sikkim |- |Tripura |} === Lig-lig da aka daina === {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px;" width="100%;" !Lig !Jiha !Shekaru !Bayanan kula |- |Rajasthan Premier League |Rajasthan |2023 | |- |Saurashtra Premier League | |} ==Tsarin shirya wasan kurket a Indiya ta zamani== ===Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa=== Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya gabaɗaya ba ya bin tsayayyen tsari, sabanin jadawalin Ingila inda Ingila ke zuwa wasu ƙasashe a lokacin hunturu kuma ta buga wasanni a gida a lokacin bazara. Gabaɗaya, a baya-bayan nan an samu ɗabi'ar buga wasannin kwana ɗaya da yawa fiye da wasannin Test. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ce ke gudanar da wasan kurket a Indiya, kuma ita ce hukumar wasan kurket mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Complimentary passes restricted for Delhi Test|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-south-africa-2015-16/content/story/942807.html|access-date=12 December 2015|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 November 2015}}</ref> ==== Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta maza ==== Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Ƙasar Indiya tana wakiltar Indiya a wasannin kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa. [[File:Wicketkeeping kit and bat of MS Dhoni at Blades of Glory Cricket Museum, Pune.jpg|thumb|Kayan wicket-keeping da jemage da Dhoni ya yi amfani da su a lokacin Kofin Duniya na Kurket na 2011, ana nuna su a Blades of Glory Cricket Museum]] Indiya ta fara shiga wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga shekarar 1926, kuma ta fara fafatawa a gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga Kofin Duniya na Kurket na farko a shekarar 1975. Ta fafata a gasa da dama tsawon shekaru, ciki har da gasannin ACC. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasar Indiya ta kuma samar da wasu daga cikin manyan ’yan wasan kurket a duniya, wanda babban misali shi ne Sachin Tendulkar. Wasan kurket na Indiya yana da dogon tarihi. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ƙasa ta maza ta Indiya tana matsayi na 1 a Test, matsayi na 1 a ODI, da matsayi na 1 a T20I. Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket a shekarar 1983 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kapil Dev, sannan ta sake lashe shi a shekarar 2011 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mahendra Singh Dhoni, bayan shekaru 28 ba tare da lashe kofin ba. Haka kuma ta lashe World Championship of Cricket a shekarar 1985. *'''Test'''- [[File:CK Nayudu 1930s.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|C. K. Nayudu, kyaftin na farko na Indiya a wasan kurket na Test]] An gayyaci Indiya zuwa Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa a shekarar 1926, kuma ta fara buga Test a matsayin ƙasa mai buga Test a Ingila a shekarar 1932, ƙarƙashin jagorancin CK Nayudu, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan batting na Indiya a lokacin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |title=History of the Imperial Cricket Conference |work=ICC |access-date=21 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321214929/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |archive-date=21 March 2006}}</ref> An buga wasan Test ɗaya tilo tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu a Lord's da ke London. Ƙungiyar ba ta da ƙarfi wajen batting<ref>{{Cite web |title=On this day in 1932, India played its first-ever Test match |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065716/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |url-status=live}}</ref> a wannan lokacin, kuma daga baya ta sha kashi da runs 158.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/| title=India in England, 1932| work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=8 March 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225022912/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/| archive-date=25 December 2006| url-status=live}}</ref> Indiya ta karɓi bakuncin jerin wasannin Test na maza na farko a shekarar 1933. Ingila ce ƙungiyar baƙon da ta buga Test biyu a Bombay (yanzu Mumbai) da Calcutta (yanzu Kolkata). Baƙin sun lashe jerin wasannin da ci 2–0. Ƙungiyar Indiya ta ci gaba da inganta a cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, amma ba ta samu nasarar ƙasa da ƙasa ba a wannan lokacin. A farkon shekarun 1940, Indiya ba ta buga wasan kurket na Test na maza ba saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Jerin wasannin farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ya kasance a ƙarshen shekarar 1947 da ƙungiyar Australia ta Don Bradman. Wannan shi ne kuma jerin wasannin Test na farko da Indiya ta buga wanda ba da Ingila ba. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Australia ta lashe jerin wasanni biyar da ci 4–0, inda Bradman ya wahalar da ’yan wasan bowling na Indiya a lokacin bazararsa ta ƙarshe a Australia.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/| title = India in Australia, 1948| work = ESPNcricinfo| access-date = 8 March 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060509070811/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/| archive-date = 9 May 2006| url-status = live}}</ref> *'''One Day International'''- [[File:President Giani Zail Singh receiving the Indian cricket team after the World Cup victory.jpg|thumb|Dev tare da Shugaban Indiya Zail Singh bayan dawowar ƙungiyar zuwa Indiya bayan lashe Kofin Duniya. Suna riƙe da Kofin Kofin Duniya na Kurket.]] Bayyanar wasan kurket na maza na One Day International (ODI) a shekarar 1971 ya samar da sabon salo a duniyar wasan kurket. Sai dai, ba a ɗauki Indiya a matsayin ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a ODI a wannan lokacin ba, kuma an san ’yan wasan batting kamar kyaftin Gavaskar da salon taka-tsantsan wajen batting. Indiya ta fara ne a matsayin ƙungiya mai rauni a ODI, kuma ba ta samu cancantar shiga zagaye na biyu ba a bugu biyu na farko na Kofin Duniya na Kurket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html|title=Team India on the brink of ODI record at Vizag, remain torchbearers of 50-over format|access-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=live|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> Gavaskar ya shahara da toshe hanyarsa zuwa 36 not out daga cikin ƙwallaye 174 a kan Ingila a Kofin Duniya na farko a shekarar 1975; Indiya ta ci 132/3 kacal kuma ta sha kashi da runs 202.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunny's World Cup go-slow|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411|access-date=6 January 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411|url-status=live}}</ref> Akasin haka, Indiya tana da ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a wasannin Test, kuma ta fi ƙarfi musamman a gida, inda haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun ’yan wasan batting da ƙwararrun ’yan wasan spin bowling ke yin iya ƙoƙarinsu. Indiya ta kafa rikodin Test a lokacin a Test na uku da West Indies a Port-of-Spain a shekarar 1976, lokacin da ta bi target na 403 domin yin nasara, godiya ga runs 112 na Viswanath.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127|title=When India successfully chased a 400-plus target against West Indies to change world cricket forever|date=12 April 2013 |access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416091541/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 1976, ƙungiyar ta kafa wani rikodin ta hanyar ci 524/9 declared a kan New Zealand a Kanpur ba tare da wani ɗan wasan batting guda ɗaya ya ci century ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825|title=Most run-outs, and the lowest score never made|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114170548/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan innings shi ne misali na takwas kacal a wasan Test inda dukkan ’yan wasa 11 suka kai double figures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records. Test matches. Team records. Most batters reaching double figures in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html|access-date=6 January 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1980, Indiya ta samar da jerin ’yan wasan batting masu kai hari sosai, tare da ’yan wasan da suka ƙware wajen buga stroke kamar Mohammad Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar da kuma ’yan wasan da ke yin abubuwa da dama Kapil Dev da Ravi Shastri. Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket a shekarar 1983, inda ta doke West Indies, waɗanda aka fi ganin za su yi nasara kuma suka kasance zakarun kare kambunsu sau biyu, a wasan ƙarshe a Lord's, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan aikin bowling. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta yi rashin kyau a wasannin Test, ciki har da wasannin Test 28 a jere ba tare da samun nasara ba. A shekarar 1984, Indiya ta lashe Asia Cup, sannan a shekarar 1985 ta lashe World Championship of Cricket a Australia. Ban da wannan, Indiya ta kasance ƙungiya mai rauni a wajen yankin ƙasashen Indiya. Nasarar Indiya a jerin wasannin Test na shekarar 1986 a kan Ingila ita ce nasarar jerin wasannin Test ta ƙarshe da Indiya ta samu a wajen yankin ƙasashen Indiya na tsawon shekaru 19 masu zuwa. A shekarun 1980, Gavaskar da Kapil Dev (mafi kyawun ɗan wasa mai yin abubuwa da dama na Indiya har zuwa wannan lokacin) sun kasance a kololuwar sana'o'insu. Gavaskar ya kafa rikodin Test na ƙarni 34, inda ya zama mutum na farko da ya kai alamar runs 10,000. Daga baya Kapil Dev ya zama wanda ya fi kowa wickets a wasan kurket na Test, da wickets 434. *'''T20 International'''- Indiya ta buga T20 International na farko a shekarar 2006 da South Africa. A watan Satumba 2007, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na ICC Men's T20 na farko da aka gudanar a South Africa, inda ta doke Pakistan da runs biyar a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/on-this-day-in-2007-india-clinched-inaugural-icc-t20-world-cup/articleshow/94416092.cms|title=On this day in 2007, India clinched inaugural ICC T20 World Cup|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 September 2022|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427193425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/on-this-day-in-2007-india-clinched-inaugural-icc-t20-world-cup/articleshow/94416092.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A Kofin Duniya na ICC Men's World Twenty20 na shekarar 2014 da aka gudanar a Bangladesh, Indiya ta kusa sake samun wani kofin ICC, amma ta sha kashi a hannun Sri Lanka a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html|title=On This Day in 2014: Sri Lanka Won the T20 World Cup Beating India in the Final|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416035754/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta mata ==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta ƙasar Indiya tana wakiltar Indiya a wasannin kurket na mata na ƙasa da ƙasa. [[File:Mithali Raj Truro 2012.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Mithali Raj ita ce wadda ta fi yawan runs a wasan kurket na mata na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="Raj-leading">{{cite web |title=Record-setting Raj top of the women's charts |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713013557/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Raj-6000">{{cite web |title=Mithali Raj becomes leading run-scorer in women's ODI cricket; surpasses England's Charlotte Edwards |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |work=Indian Express |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713204545/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Indiya ta shiga wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga shekarar 1976, kuma ta fara fafatawa a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga bugu na biyu na Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata a shekarar 1978. Ta fafata a gasa da dama tsawon shekaru, ciki har da gasannin ACC. Ita ce ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata mafi nasara a Asiya. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ƙasa ta mata ta Indiya tana matsayi na 4 a ODI da matsayi na 3 a T20I. *'''Test International'''- Indiya ta fara buga Test a matsayin ƙasa mai buga Test a shekarar 1976 da West Indies. A baya, matan Indiya ba sa yawan buga Test kuma suna samun nasara a cikinsu. Amma a shekarun baya-bayan nan suna ƙara buga wasannin Test kuma suna samun nasara a cikinsu. *'''One Day International'''- Indiya ta buga ODI International na farko a shekarar 1978 da Ingila. Ba ta samu damar shiga bugu na farko na Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata ba. Amma a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na ODI a jere, kuma a Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata na shekarar 2017 ta kusa lashe kambun a wasan ƙarshe. *'''T20 International'''- Indiya ta buga T20 International na farko a shekarar 2006 da Ingila. Matan Indiya sun yi babban tasiri a T20 International tun farkon wannan tsarin. Sun kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na ICC na Mata a jere a bugu biyu na farko. ===Wasan kurket na cikin gida=== ====Wasan kurket na cikin gida na maza==== =====Gasa ta First-class===== * '''Ranji Trophy''' – An kafa ta da sunan 'Cricket Championship of India' a wani taro na Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya a watan Yulin 1934. Wasannin Ranji Trophy na farko sun gudana a kakar 1934–35. Syed Mohammed Hadi na Hyderabad shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da ya ci century a gasar. H. H. Sir Bhupendra Singh Mahinder Baha-dur, Maharajah na Patiala, ne ya bayar da kofin don tunawa da marigayi Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji na Nawanagar, wanda aka fi sani da Ranjitsinhji. A mafi yawancin lokuta, Ranji Trophy ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar jihohin da suka haɗa Indiya. Yawan ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa ya ƙaru tsawon shekaru. Wasu jihohi suna da ƙungiyar wasan kurket fiye da ɗaya, kamar Maharashtra da Gujarat. Haka kuma akwai ƙungiyoyin Railways da Services da ke wakiltar rundunonin tsaro. A da ana rarraba ƙungiyoyin zuwa yankuna – Arewa, Yamma, Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudu – kuma ana buga wasannin farko bisa tsarin lig a cikin yankunan. Ƙungiyoyi biyu mafiya matsayi har zuwa 1991–92, sannan ƙungiyoyi uku mafiya matsayi a kowace zone a shekarun da suka biyo baya, suna shiga gasar knockout ta ƙasa. Tun daga kakar 2002–03, an yi watsi da tsarin yankuna kuma aka amince da tsarin rukuni biyu, inda ƙungiyoyi biyu ake ɗaukaka daga plate league, sannan ƙungiyoyi biyu ake mayar da su ƙasa daga elite league. Idan ba a kammala wasannin knockout ba, ana yanke hukunci bisa jagorancin innings na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Ranji Trophy? Definition of Ranji Trophy, Ranji Trophy Meaning |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/ranji-trophy |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> *'''Duleep Trophy''' – An sanya wa Duleep Trophy suna ne bayan Duleepsinhji. Gasar Duleep Trophy, wadda gasa ce ta First-class, Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ta fara ta a shekarar 1961–62 da nufin samar da ƙarin gasa mai ƙarfi a wasan kurket na cikin gida, saboda ban da matakan knockout na Ranji Trophy, wannan gasar ta zama mai sauƙin hasashe, inda Bombay ke lashe Ranji Trophy tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar a jere. An kuma tsara Duleep Trophy domin taimaka wa masu zaɓe wajen tantance yanayin ƙwarewar manyan ’yan wasan kurket yayin da suke fafatawa da juna. Tsarin farko yana da ƙungiyoyi biyar, waɗanda aka ɗauko daga yankuna biyar (wato Arewa, Kudu, Gabas, Yamma da Tsakiya), kuma suna fafatawa da juna bisa tsarin knockout. Tun daga kakar 1993–94, an sauya gasar zuwa tsarin lig. *'''Irani Trophy''' – An tsara gasar Irani Trophy a kakar 1959–60 domin cika shekaru 25 da fara gasar Ranji Trophy, kuma an sanya mata suna bayan marigayi Z. R. Irani, wanda ya kasance tare da Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) tun kafuwarta a 1928 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1970, kuma ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan wasan. Wasan farko, tsakanin zakarun Ranji Trophy da Rest of India, an buga shi a 1959–60. A shekarun farko, ana buga shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa. Bayan an fahimci muhimmancin wasan, BCCI ta mayar da shi farkon kakar wasa. Tun daga 1965–66, ya kasance bisa al'ada yana sanar da fara sabuwar kakar wasan kurket ta cikin gida. Wasan Irani Trophy yana da babban matsayi wajen shahara da muhimmanci. Yana daga cikin ƴan wasannin cikin gida da masoyan wasan kurket a ƙasar ke bibiyar su sosai. Manyan ’yan wasa suna shiga wasan, wanda sau da yawa ya kasance kamar gwajin zaɓe domin zaɓar ƙungiyar Indiya da za ta yi balaguron ƙasashen waje. =====Gasa ta limited overs===== *'''Deodhar Trophy''' – Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ta fara ta a shekarar 1973–74, kuma gasa ce ta wasan kurket na kwana ɗaya a wasan kurket na cikin gida na Indiya. A da ƙungiyoyin yankuna biyar ne suke fafatawa – North zone, South zone, East zone, West zone da Central zone. Daga 2015–16 zuwa 2017–18, waɗanda suka fafata sun kasance waɗanda suka lashe Vijay Hazare Trophy, India A da India B. Tun daga 2018–19, tana ƙunshe da India A, India B da India C. *'''Vijay Hazare Trophy''' – An sanya wa kofin suna bayan shahararren ɗan wasan kurket na Indiya Vijay Hazare. An fara gasar a 2002–03 a ƙoƙarin kai wasan limited-overs ga mafi yawan masu kallo. Gasar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin jihohi da sauran ƙungiyoyi daga Ranji Trophy waɗanda ke fafatawa a tsarin overs 50. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, Tamil Nadu da Mumbai ne suka lashe kofin mafi yawan lokuta (5). BCCI kuma tana kiranta da Premier Cup. =====Gasa ta Twenty20===== *'''Indian Premier League''' – A matsayin martani ga ƙungiyar Indian Cricket League (ICL) mai hamayya, BCCI ta fara gasar Twenty20 da aka sani da Indian Premier League (IPL), wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙirƙirar Lalit Modi. BCCI ta ƙaddamar da wannan lig a 2007–08, kuma ta samu karɓuwa sosai a faɗin ƙasar. An zaɓi ’yan wasan ne ta hanyar gwanjon ’yan wasa, sannan aka sanya su cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar birane. An gudanar da kakar IPL ta farko daga 18 Afrilu 2008 zuwa 1 Yuni 2008, inda Rajasthan Royals, wadda Shane Warne ke jagoranta, ta lashe kambun farko a filin wasa na DY Patil Stadium da ke Navi Mumbai<ref name="cricketnext1">{{cite web|url=http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407104821/http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-07 |title=T20 History: History of T20 Cricket |publisher=Cricketnext.in.com |access-date=2012-06-16}}</ref> Bisa alaƙar yankuna, gasar ƙungiyoyi takwas tana amfani da wani tsarin gwanjon ƙungiyoyi da ’yan wasa na musamman kuma mashahuri, inda ake zaɓar wasu daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a duniya tare da haɗa su da ’yan wasan Indiya, na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, a filin wasa guda. Jimillar kuɗin kyaututtukan IPL ya kasance dala miliyan 3.<ref name="cricketnext1"/> IPL ta kuma sanya wasan kurket ya yi kama da wasannin Amurka ta hanyar ƙara masu taya ƙungiyoyi murna da kuma samar da yanayin wasan da ke cike da ci gaba da motsi kamar yadda ake gani a wasannin wasanni a Amurka. Gasar IPL ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 10 daban-daban da ke wakiltar birane.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 19, 2022 |author=Shankar Raghuraman |title=IPL Playoffs 2022: KKR knocked out, who will join GT and LSG in the final four? - All playoffs possibilities in 6 points |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-kkr-knocked-out-who-will-join-gt-in-the-final-four-all-playoffs-possibilities-in-6-points/articleshow/91653975.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> *'''Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy''' – Bayan da Indiya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobin ICC Twenty20 kuma ta buga wasanta na farko na T20 na ƙasa da ƙasa da Afirka ta Kudu, BCCI ta ƙaddamar da nata tsarin na jihohi a kakar 2006–07, inda aka raba ƙungiyoyin Ranji 27 zuwa Zones 5. An buga wasan ƙarshe tsakanin Punjab da Tamil Nadu, inda ta ƙarshe ta yi nasara da wickets 2, saura kwallaye 2, kuma ta zama ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ta taɓa lashe wannan jerin gasa. A wannan gasar, Rohit Sharma shi ma ya zama ɗan Indiya kaɗai da ya ci century a T20 a madadin Mumbai a kan Gujarat. Daga baya an maye gurbin gasar da IPL mai tsarin ƙungiyoyin franchise. An buga ta a karon farko a kakar 2008–09, kuma ita ce gasar T20 ta farko irin wannan ta yankuna da kuma ta uku gaba ɗaya a kakar wasan kurket ta Indiya, inda aka raba ƙungiyoyin Ranji bisa yankuna zuwa rukuni biyu, sannan gasar ta ƙare da wasan ƙarshe na All India T20 tsakanin waɗanda suka lashe rukunan biyu domin neman Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. An ƙaddamar da ita ne bayan nasarar IPL da kuma buƙatar BCCI na neman ƙarin ƙwarewa a yankunan da wasan kurket ke ƙaruwa. A shekarar 2020, an ga ƙarin halartar masu kallo fiye da sauran nau'o'in wasan. Jama'a sun yaba da ita sosai kuma ta samar da riba mai yawa. =====Gasa ta matasa===== *'''CK Nayudu Trophy''' - Gasa ce ta wasan kurket ta cikin gida da ake gudanarwa a Indiya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi da yankuna daban-daban. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ce ke shirya ta, kuma an sanya mata suna bayan kyaftin ɗin farko na Indiya a Test cricket, C. K. Nayudu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raiji |first=Vasant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7MyAAAAIAAJ&q=C.+K.+Nayudu+Trophy+under |title=C.K. Nayudu, the Shahenshah of Indian Cricket |date=1989 |publisher=Marine Sports |isbn=978-81-85361-00-0 |pages=62 |language=en |author-link=Vasant Raiji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhushan |first=Aditya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiTyDwAAQBAJ&q=C.+K.+Nayudu+Trophy+under |title=A Colonel Destined To Lead |date=2019 |publisher=StoryMirror |isbn=978-93-87269-27-9 |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref> Ana buga kowane wasa na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. A tsawon tarihinta, an yi amfani da iyakokin shekaru daban-daban, ciki har da ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 22, 23 da 25. Zakarun yanzu su ne Gujarat, waɗanda suka doke Mumbai a wasan ƙarshe na 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayure |first=Subodh |date=16 March 2023 |title=CK Nayudu Trophy final: Mumbai succumb to Gujarat in just 12 minutes |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/cricket/article/mumbai-succumb-to-gujarat-in-12-mins-23275511 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Mid-Day |language=en}}</ref> *'''Mens Under-23 State A Trophy''' *'''Cooch Behar Trophy''' – Gasar wasannin kwana huɗu ce ta U-19 tsakanin jihohi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DDCA |url=https://ddca.in/view-scorecard/429 |website=DDCA}}</ref> *'''Vinoo Mankad Trophy''' – Gasar kofin ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ce, don tunawa da shahararren ɗan wasan kurket Vinoo Mankad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCA :: Under-19 Vinoo Mankad Trophy 2023-2024 |url=https://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/U19_Vinoo_Mankad_Trophy_2023_2024.php |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.mumbaicricket.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association |url=https://jkca.tv/jkca-player/vinoo-mankad-trophy-u-19-one-day |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=jkca.tv}}</ref> ====Wasan kurket na cikin gida na mata==== =====Gasa ta First-class===== * '''Senior Women's Inter Zonal Multi-Day Trophy''' -Gasa ce ta wasan kurket na mata ta cikin gida ta First-class a Indiya wadda Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ke shirya ta. Gasar ta fara ne a 2014–15 a matsayin gasar kwanaki biyu, sannan gasa uku da suka biyo baya a 2015–16, 2016–17 da 2017–18 aka gudanar da su a tsarin kwanaki uku. Gasar tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi biyar, kowacce tana wakiltar wani yanki (ko "zone") na Indiya: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone da West Zone. Central Zone ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a tarihin gasar, inda ta lashe gasar uku na farko. Masu riƙe da kambun su ne North Zone, waɗanda suka lashe gasar ta baya-bayan nan a 2017–18. =====Gasa ta limited overs===== * '''Senior Women's One Day Trophy''' – An fara ta a kakar 2006–07, kuma ita ce gasar wasan kurket ta List-A ta mata. Ƙungiyar mata ta Railways ce ta fi rinjaye, inda ta lashe gasa 10 cikin 11. Ana buga ta ne bisa tsarin zagaye-zagaye a matakin yankuna, sannan ƙungiyar da ta fi yin nasara ta shiga super league. An sauya tsarin a kakar 2013–14, tun daga lokacin ana buga ta ne a matakai biyu, inda ake raba jihohi zuwa rukuni 5, biyu a elite group da uku a plate group. Masu zuwa wasan ƙarshe na plate group a ƙarshen kakar ana ɗaukaka su zuwa elite group, sannan ƙungiyoyi biyu mafi raunin sakamako a elite group ana mayar da su plate group. * '''Senior Women's One Day Inter Zonal Trophy'''- =====Gasa ta Twenty20===== * '''Women's Premier League''' – Gasar franchise ce ta wasan kurket na mata ta Twenty20 a Indiya, wadda Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ke mallaka kuma ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Women's IPL: BCCI earns Rs 4669.99 crore windfall for 5 teams |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/womens-ipl-adani-bags-ahmedabad-team-mumbai-rcb-delhi-lucknow-cricket/20230125.htm |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1618178527496634369|user=JayShah|title=The @BCCI has named the league - Women's Premier League (WPL). Let the journey begin....}}</ref> * '''Senior Women's T20 Trophy''' – Gasar wasan kurket ta mata ce ta Twenty20. Ana buga ta tsakanin cikakkun mambobin BCCI. An gudanar da gasar farko a kakar 2008–09. Tun daga lokacin ana gudanar da ita kowace shekara, inda 2015–16 ya kasance bugu na 8.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/IND.html|title = CA details}}</ref> * '''Senior Women's T20 Inter Zonal Trophy''' – =====Gasa ta matasa===== * '''Women's under 23 One Day Trophy''' * '''Women's under 23 T20 Trophy''' * '''Women's under 19 One Day Trophy''' * '''Women's under 19 T20 Trophy''' * '''Women's under 15 One Day Trophy''' ==Filayen wasa== Indiya tana da filayen wasan kurket da dama masu ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa. Filin wasan kurket mafi girma a duniya, Narendra Modi Stadium, yana cikin Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-07 |title=Motera Cricket Stadium In Ahmedabad With Seating Capacity Of Over A Lakh To Be World's Largest |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/motera-cricket-stadium-in-ahmedabad-with-seating-capacity-of-over-a-lakh-to-be-largest-in-the-world-359982.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Eden Gardens na Kolkata, wanda shi ne filin wasan kurket na uku mafi girma a duniya, yana West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI TV |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/2/eden-gardens |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003002201/https://www.bcci.tv/venues/2/eden-gardens |website=BCCI TV |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin kula da wasan kurket na cikin gida kamar Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Jiha ne ke kula da ayyukan da suka shafi wasan kurket da gasa da aka amince da su a yankunansu, don haka akwai ƙungiyoyin Ranji 38. Waɗannan hukumomin wasan kurket na cikin gida suna da alaƙa da BCCI, yayin da hukumomin wasan kurket na gundumomi a ƙasar ke da alaƙa da hukumomin jihohi. Ƙasar tana da cibiyoyin horas da wasan kurket da kulake masu zaman kansu da yawa. Ana gina filin wasan kurket na uku mafi girma a duniya a Jaipur.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-02-05 |title=World's 'third-largest' cricket stadium coming up in Jaipur |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/worlds-third-largest-cricket-stadium-coming-up-in-jaipur/article38384062.ece |access-date=2023-11-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> MRF Pace Foundation tana samar da kayan aiki da wuraren horaswa ga ’yan wasan jefa ƙwallo masu sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dinakar |first=S. |date=2020-09-05 |title=MRF Pace Foundation keeps itself relevant through innovation |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/mrf-pace-foundation-virtual-training-ipl-2020-uae-senthilnathan-mcgrath/article32532016.ece |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> ===Filayen wasa masu aiki=== {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible static-row-numbers" style="font-size: 95%" !rowspan=2|Sunan filin wasa !rowspan=2|Wuri !rowspan=2|Adadin kujeru !colspan=3|Adadin wasannin cikin gida da aka buga !colspan=3|Adadin wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa da aka buga !rowspan=2|Wasan farko !rowspan=2|Wasan baya-bayan nan |- !Test !ODI !T20I !Test !ODI !T20I |- |M. A. Chidambaram Stadium |Chennai |38,200 |34 |28 |2 |18 |11 |7 |{{dts|format=dmy|1934|2|10}} |Janairu 2025 |- |Eden Gardens |Kolkata |68,000 |42 |36 |11 |16 |21 |15 |{{dts|format=dmy|1935|1|5}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|16}} |- |Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium |Delhi |35,200 |35 |31 |7 |19 |9 |6 |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|11|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|25}} |- |Brabourne Stadium |Mumbai |50,000 |18 |9 |1 |5 |11 |10 |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|12|9}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|10|29}} |- |Green Park Stadium |Kanpur |32,000 |23 |15 |1 |4 |3 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|1952|1|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|11|25}} |- |M. Chinnaswamy Stadium |Bengaluru |40,000 |24 |31 |11 |14 |12 |8 |{{dts|format=dmy|1974|11|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|17}} |- |Wankhede Stadium |Mumbai |33,100 |26 |28 |8 |23 |17 |9 |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|1|23}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|01|02}} |- |Barabati Stadium |Cuttack |45,000 |2 |19 |3 |1 |8 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|1982|1|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|12}} |- |Sawai Mansingh Stadium |Jaipur |30,000 |1 |19 |1 |0 |9 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|1983|10|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|11|17}} |- |Narendra Modi Stadium |Ahmedabad |132,000 |15 |31 |7 |3 |4 |12 |{{dts|format=dmy|1983|11|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|19}} |- |Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium |Mohali |27,000 |14 |26 |7 |6 |5 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|1993|11|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|11}} |- |IPCL Sports Complex Ground |Vadodara |20,000 |0 |10 |0 |0 |11 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|1997|12|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|14}} |- |YS Rajasekhara Reddy Stadium |Visakhapatnam |27,500 |3 |10 |5 |4 |5 |6 |{{dts|format=dmy|2005|4|5}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|2}} |- |Rajiv Gandhi Stadium |Hyderabad |39,200 |6 |10 |3 |4 |9 |5 |{{dts|format=dmy|2005|11|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|25}} |- |Holkar Stadium |Indore |30,000 |3 |7 |4 |2 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2006|4|15}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|14}} |- |VCA Stadium |Nagpur |45,000 |7 |9 |13 |0 |3 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2008|11|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|9}} |- |Dr. DY Patil Sports Stadium |Navi Mumbai |45,300 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2009|11|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|19}} |- |MCA Stadium |Pune |42,700 |2 |12 |4 |4 |9 |8 |{{dts|format=dmy|2012|12|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|1}} |- |SCA Stadium |Rajkot |28,000 |3 |4 |5 |3 |2 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|15}} |- |JSCA Stadium |Ranchi |50,000 |3 |6 |4 |2 |3 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|19}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|23}} |- |HPCA Stadium |Dharamshala |21,200 |2 |9 |10 |2 |7 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|3|7}} |- |Greater Noida SC Ground |Greater Noida |8,000 |0 |5 |6 |1 |0 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|3|8}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2020|3|10}} |- |ACA Stadium |Guwahati |46,000 |0 |2 |5 |0 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|10|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|28}} |- |Greenfield Stadium |Thiruvananthapuram |50,000 |0 |2 |4 |0 |3 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|11|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|26}} |- |Rajiv Gandhi Stadium |Dehradun |25,000 |1 |5 |6 |0 |0 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|6|3}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|3|15}} |- |BRSAB Vajpayee Ekana Stadium |Lucknow |50,100 |1 |9 |6 |0 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|11|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|29}} |- |Lalabhai Contractor Stadium |Surat |7,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|9|24}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|4}} |- |SV Narayan Singh Stadium |Raipur |65,000 |0 |1 |1 |0 |1 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|1|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|12|1}} |- |Shrimant Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Stadium |Gwalior |50,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|6}} |- |Kotambi Stadium |Vadodara |40,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|12|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|12|27}} |} ==Gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa da aka shirya== {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;" ||'''Gasa''' ||'''Bugu''' ||'''Mai nasara''' ||'''Wasan ƙarshe''' ||'''Mai matsayi na biyu''' ||'''Matsayin Indiya''' ||'''Filayen wasa''' ||'''Filin wasan ƙarshe''' ||'''Filin wasa''' |- | colspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:orange;"|'''Gasa ta manyan maza''' |- ||ICC Men's Cricket World Cup ||1987 Cricket World Cup ||'''{{cr|AUS}}''' ||{{center|'''253/5 (50 overs) – 246/8 (50 overs)'''}} ||{{cr|ENG}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' ||21 (a ƙasashe 2) ||Eden Gardens || [[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |Asia Cup |1990–91 Asia Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''205/3 (42.1 overs) – 204/9 (45 overs)'''}} |{{cr|SRI}} |style="background:gold;" |'''Zakarun''' |3 (a birane 3) |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |1996 Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|SRI}}''' |{{center|'''241/7 (50 overs) – 245/3 (46.2 overs)'''}} |{{cr|AUS}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |26 (''a ƙasashe 3'') |Gaddafi Stadium |[[File:Gaddafi stadium lahore.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Champions Trophy |2006 ICC Champions Trophy |'''{{cr|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''116/2 (28.1 overs) - 138 (30.4 overs)'''}} |{{cr|WIN}} |Matakin rukuni |4 (''a birane 4'') |Brabourne Stadium |[[File:Cricket Club Of India Bombay.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |2011 Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''277/4 (48.2 overs) – 274/6 (50 overs)'''}} |{{cr|SRI}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |13 (''a ƙasashe 3'') |Wankhede Stadium |[[File:Wankhede ICC WCF.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's T20 World Cup |2016 ICC World Twenty20 |'''{{cr|WIN}}''' |{{center|'''161/6 (19.4 overs) – 155/9 (20 overs)'''}} |{{cr|ENG}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |7 (''a birane 7'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''241/4 (43 overs) – 240 (50 overs)'''}} |{{cr|IND}} |style="background:silver;"|'''Masu matsayi na biyu''' |10 (''a birane 10'') |Narendra Modi Stadium |[[File:Narendra Modi Stadium view from the gallery.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's T20 World Cup |2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''255/5 (20 overs) – 159 (19 overs)'''}} |{{cr|IND}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |8 (''a birane 8'') |Narendra Modi Stadium |[[File:Narendra Modi Stadium view from the gallery.jpg|120px]] |- | colspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:yellow;"|'''Gasa ta manyan mata''' |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |1978 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''100/2 (31.3 overs) – 96/8 (50 overs)'''}} |{{crw|ENG}} |Matakin rukuni |4 (''a birane 4'') |Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad |[[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |1997 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''165/5 (47.4 overs) – 164 (49.3 overs)'''}} |{{crw|NZ}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |27 (''a birane 21'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |Women's Asia Cup |2006 Women's Asia Cup |'''{{crw|IND}}''' |{{center|'''95/2 (27.5 overs) – 93 (44.1 overs)'''}} |{{crw|SRI}} |style="background:gold;" |'''Zakarun''' |1 (''a birni 1'') |Sawai Mansingh Stadium |[[File:Sawai-Mansingh-Stadium-Jaipur.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |2013 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''259/7 (50 overs) – 145 (43.1 overs)'''}} |{{crw|WIN}} |Matakin rukuni |5 (''a birane 2'') |Brabourne Stadium |[[File:Cricket Club Of India Bombay.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's T20 World Cup |2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 |'''{{cr|WIN}}''' |{{center|'''149/2 (19.3 overs) – 148/5 (20 overs)'''}} |{{cr|AUS}} |Matakin rukuni |8 (''a birane 8'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |2025 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|IND}}''' |{{center|'''298/7 (50 overs) – 246 (45.3 overs)'''}} |{{crw|RSA}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |5 (''a birane 5'') |DY Patil Stadium |[[File:D Y Patil Sports Stadium.jpg|120px]] |} ==Ayyuka a gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa== ''Akwatin ja da ke kewaye da shekarar yana nuna gasannin da aka buga a cikin Indiya'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''Maɓalli''' |style="background:gold" width="20"| |align="left"| Zakarun |- |style="background:silver" width="20"| |align="left"| Masu matsayi na biyu |- |style="background:#cc9966" width="20"| |align="left"| Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe |- |} === Ƙungiyar maza === ====ICC World Test Championship==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! rowspan=3|Lokaci ! colspan=10|Matakin lig ! colspan=4|Wasan ƙarshe |- ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! colspan=5|Wasanni ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|DED|Rage maki}} ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PC|Jimillar maki da ake fafatawa}} ! rowspan=2|Maki ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PCT|Kason maki da aka samu daga maki da aka fafata}} ! rowspan=2|Wuri ! rowspan=2|Wasan ƙarshe ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! rowspan=2|Bayani |- ! width=20|{{abbr|P|An buga}} ! width=20|{{abbr|W|An ci}} ! width=20|{{abbr|L|An sha kashi}} ! width=20|{{abbr|D|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width=20|{{abbr|T|An yi kunnen doki}} |- style="background:silver;" | 2019–2021 | 1/9 | 17 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 720 | 520 | '''72.2''' | {{flagicon|England}}Rose Bowl, England | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|NZL}} da wickets 8 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812091730/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" | 2021–2023 | 2/9 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 216 | 127 | '''58.80''' | {{flagicon|England}} The Oval, England | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|AUS}} da runs 209 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|title=ICC World Test Championship (2021–2023) Points Table|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801071654/https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:#cc9966;" | 2023–2025 | 3/9 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 228 | 114 | '''50.00''' | {{flagicon|England}} Lord's, England | Ba ta samu cancantar shiga ba | Matsayi na uku |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2023-2025-1345943|title=ICC World Test Championship 2023-25}}</ref> |} ====Kofin Duniya na ODI==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Bayani |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1975 ||Matakin rukuni||6/8||3||1||2||0||0||1975 Cricket World Cup squads|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|title=Prudential World Cup 1975|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206022506/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1979 ||Matakin rukuni||7/8||3||0||3||0||0||1979 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|title=Prudential World Cup 1979|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206024322/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 1983 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/8||8||6||2||0||0||1983 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|title=Prudential World Cup 1983|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032439/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} 1987 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/8||7||5||2||0||0||1987 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ESPN 87 88">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=Reliance World Cup 1987/88|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 1992 ||Matakin rukuni||7/9||8||2||5||0||1||1992 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ESPN 87 88" /> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1996 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/12||7||4||3||0||0||1996 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|title=Wills World Cup 1995/96|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820020900/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|IRL}} {{flagicon|NED}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{Flagicon|Wales}}1999 ||Super Six||6/12||8||4||4||0||0||1999 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=World Cup 1999|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}} 2003 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/14||11||9||2||0||0||2003 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|title=ICC World Cup 2002/03|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004033344/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2007 ||Matakin rukuni||9/16||3||1||2||0||0||2007 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|title=World Cup 2007|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930020750/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2011 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/14||9||7||1||1||0||2011 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2010/11|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095352/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 2015 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/14||8||7||1||0||0||2015 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2014/15|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095353/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2019 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/10||10||7||2||0||1||2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2019|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095358/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|url-status=live}}</ref> |-style="background:silver;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2023 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/10||11||10||1||0||0||2023 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856|title=ICC Cricket world Cup 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} 2027 || colspan="8" |''Ba a tantance ba'' || <ref name="ICC USA T20">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2031 || colspan="8" |Ta samu cancantar shiga a matsayin mai masaukin baki tare da wata ƙasa || <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !Lakabi 2 !13/13 !96 !63 !30 !1 !2 ! ! |} ====Kofin Duniya na T20==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Bayani |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2007||'''Zakarun'''||1/12||7||4||1||1||1||2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|title=ICC World Twenty20 2007/08|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211355/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2009 ||Super 8||7/12||5||2||3||0||0||2009 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2009|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2010 ||Super 8||8/12||5||2||3||0||0||2010 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2010|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2012 ||Super 8||5/12||5||4||1||0||0||2012 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|title=ICC World T20 2012|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033740/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/16||6||5||1||0||0||2014 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|title=ICC World Twenty20 2014|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033741/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2016 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||4/16||5||3||2||0||0||2016 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2016|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033742/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} 2021 ||Super 12||6/16||5||3||2||0||0||2021 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2021/22|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203063312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} 2022 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/16||6||4||2||0||0||2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- style="background:gold;" |{{cricon|West Indies}} {{flagicon|USA}} 2024 ||'''Zakarun''' |1/20 |9 |8 |0 |0 |1 |2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup squads#India |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166|title=ICC Men's T20 world Cup 2024}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SL}} 2026 || '''Zakarun''' |1/20 |9 |8 |1 |0 |0 |2026 Men's T20 World Cup squads#India |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2025-26-1502138|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} 2028 ||colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' | <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}}<br>{{flagicon|SCO}}<br>{{flagicon|IRE}} 2030 ||colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' || <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !Lakabi 3 !10/10 !62 !43 !16 !1 !2 ! ! |} ====Wasannin Olympics==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Bayani |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} 1900 |colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|USA}} 2028 |Ba a tantance ba | | | | | | | |- !Jimilla ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |} ====Kofin Zakarun==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Maj. |- style="background:#cc9966;" |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 1998||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/9||2||1||1||0||0||Ƙungiya || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|title=Wills International Cup 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140635/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|Kenya}} 2000||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/11||4||3||1||0||0||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|title=ICC KnockOut, 2000|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815142447/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="gold" |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2002|| '''Zakarun'''||1/12||5||3||0||0||2||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002/03|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816093531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor= |{{flagicon|England}} 2004||Matakin rukuni||7/12||2||1||1||0||0||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|title=2004 Champions Trophy|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170555/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|India}} 2006||Matakin rukuni|||5/10||3||1||2||0||0||Ƙungiya||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2006/07|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170552/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |{{flagicon|South Africa}} 2009||Matakin rukuni||5/8||3||1||1||0||1||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2009/10|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140648/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2013||'''Zakarun'''||1/8||5||5||0||0||0||Ƙungiya || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907065225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2017 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2/8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Ƙungiya |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2017|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025258/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|UAE}} 2025 | '''Zakarun''' | 1/8 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ƙungiya |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2025}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2029 |colspan=8|Ta samu cancantar shiga a matsayin mai masaukin baki | <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !3 Lakabi !9/9 !34 !23 !8 !0 !3 ! ! |} ====Kofin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width="50" |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1984 | '''Zakarun''' | 1/3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|title=India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka in the United Arab Emirates, 1984 ( Asia Cup )|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032028/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1986||colspan=7|''Ta kaurace gasar'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|title=Austral-Asia Cup 1985/86|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114438/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 1988 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/4||4||3||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|title=Wills Asia Cup 1988/89|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003165939/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1990/91 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/3||4||3||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Asia Cup 1990/91 |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |access-date=3 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323165830/https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1995||'''Zakarun''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1994/95|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1997|| Masu matsayi na biyu||2/4||4||1||2||0||1|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1997|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061853/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2000|| Zagaye na farko|| 3/4||3||1||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|title=2000 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2004||Masu matsayi na biyu|| 2/6||6||3||3||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|title=2004 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092346/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|PAK}} 2008||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/6||6||4||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|title=2008 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092345/https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092345/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2010|| '''Zakarun''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|title=Asia Cup 2010|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093850/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2012|| Zagaye na farko ||3/4||3||2||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|title=Asia Cup 2011/12|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092350/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014||Zagaye na farko||3/5||4||2||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|title=2014 Asia Cup|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100112/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2016||'''Zakarun''' ||1/5||5||5||0||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|title=Men's T20 Asia Cup 2015/16|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100101/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 2018 |'''Zakarun''' |1/6 |6 |5 |0 |1 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|title=2018 Asia Cup|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003171032/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2022 |Super Fours |3/6 |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|title=Asia Cup 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003034858/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{Flagicon|PAK}} {{Flagicon|SRI}} 2023 |'''Zakarun''' |1/6 |6 |4 |1 |0 |1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asia Cup 2023|access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2025 |'''Zakarun''' |1/8 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mens-asia-cup-india-bangladesh-to-host-2025-and-2027-editions-1445361|title=India, Bangladesh to host 2025 and 2027 Men's Asia Cups|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|BAN}} 2027 |colspan=7|Ba a tantance ba | |- ! Jimilla ! 9 Lakabi ! 16/17 ! 72 ! 50 ! 19 ! 1 ! 2 ! |} ====Wasannin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2010 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} 2014 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2022 |'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' | 1/14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-games-men-s-cricket-competition-2023-1398685/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition 2023|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|JPN}} 2026 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! 1 Lakabi ! 1/3 ! 3 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! |} ====Wasannin Commonwealth==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width="150" |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width="50" |Matsayi ! width="50" |P ! width="50" |W ! width="50" |L ! width="50" |T ! width="50" |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|MAS}} 1998 | Matakin rukuni | 9/16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|title=Commonwealth Games 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815115857/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|}} 2030 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! 0 Lakabi ! 1/1 ! 3 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! |- |} ====Gasannin da aka daina==== {|class="wikitable" ! colspan=8| Gasa |- ! Australian Tri-Series ! Asian Test Championship ! Austral-Asia Cup ! NatWest Series ! World Championship of Cricket ! Nehru Cup ! Hero Cup ! Nidahas Trophy |- | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1980–81: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985–86: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1991–92: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1999–2000: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2003–04: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2007–08: '''Zakarun''' * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2011–12: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2014–15: Matsayi na uku | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1999: Matakin rukuni | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1986: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1990: Matakin rukuni * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1994: Masu matsayi na biyu | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|ENG}} 2002: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1989: Wanda ya kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1993: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|SRI}} 1998: '''Zakarun''' * {{flagicon|SRI}} 2018: '''Zakarun''' |} ===Ƙungiyar mata=== ====Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Shekara !! Zagaye !! Matsayi !! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 1973 ||colspan=7| ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1978 || Matakin rukuni || 4/4 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|NZL}} 1982 || Matakin rukuni || 4/5 || 12 || 4 || 8 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|AUS}} 1988 ||colspan=7| ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 1993 || Matakin rukuni || 4/8 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1997 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 4/11 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 |-style="background:#cc9966" |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2000 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2005 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 9 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 2 |-style="background:#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} 2009 || Super 6 || 3/6 || 7 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2013 || Matakin rukuni || 7/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2017 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 9 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2022 || Matakin rukuni || 5/8 || 7 || 3 || 4 || 0 || 0 |- |-style="background:gold" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2025 ||'''Zakarun''' || 1/8 || 9 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 1 |- ! Jimilla || 10/12 || 1 Lakabi|| 81 || 42 || 34 || 1 || 4 |} ====Kofin Duniya na T20 na Mata na ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- ! Shekara !! Matsayi!! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|ENG}} 2009 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|WIN}} 2010 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|SL}} 2012 || Matakin rukuni|| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2014 || Matakin rukuni|| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2016 || Matakin rukuni || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2018 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" | {{flagicon|AUS}} 2020 || Masu matsayi na biyu|| 6 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 1 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|SAF}} 2023 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2024 || Matakin rukuni || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 2026 || || || || || || |- ! Jimilla ! 0 lakabi ! 41 ! 22 ! 18 ! 0 ! 1 |} ====Wasannin Olympics==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! Maj. |- |{{flagicon|USA}} 2028 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |} ====Gasar Mata ta ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=100 |Shekara ! width=100 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |D ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |2014-16||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Gasar cancantar Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2017.}} ||5/8||21||9||11||0||0||1 |- |2017-20||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2022.}} ||4/8||21||10||8||0||0||3 |- style="background:silver;" |2022-25||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2025.}} ||bgcolor="silver"|2/10||24||18||6||0||0||0 |- !'''Jimilla'''||3/3||0 lakabi||66||37||25||0||0||4 |- |} ====Wasannin Commonwealth==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2022||Lambar yabo ta azurfa||2/8||5||3||2||0||0 |- !0 Lakabi !1/1 !5 !3 !2 !0 !0 ! |} ====Kofin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- ! Shekara !! Zagaye !Matsayi!! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|SL}} 2004 || '''Zakarun''' |1/2|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|PAK}} 2005–06 || '''Zakarun''' |1/3|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2006 || '''Zakarun''' |1/3|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|SL}} 2008 || '''Zakarun''' |1/4|| 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|CHN}} 2012 || '''Zakarun''' |1/8|| 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|THA}} 2016 || '''Zakarun''' |1/6|| 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|MAS}} 2018 || Masu matsayi na biyu |2/6|| 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2022 || '''Zakarun''' |1/7|| 8 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|SRI}} 2024 ||Masu matsayi na biyu |2/8|| 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2026 || '''Zakarun''' |1/8|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- !Jimilla !8 lakabi !10/10 !56 !52 !4 !0 !0 |} ====Wasannin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2010|| colspan=7 | ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} 2014|| colspan=7 | ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2022||'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya'''||1/9||3||2||0||0||1 |- !Jimilla !1 Lakabi !1/1 !3 !2 !0 !0 !1 |} ====Wasannin Asiya ta Kudu==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2016 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|NEP}} 2019 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|PAK}} 2026 | colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' |- ! Jimilla ! 0 Lakabi ! 0/0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! |} ===Ƙungiyar maza ta U-19=== ====Kofin Duniya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Duniya na Cricket na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- | {{flagicon|AUS}} 1988 | Matakin rukuni | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|RSA}} 1998 | Zagaye na biyu | 5 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|LKA}} 2000 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 | {{flagicon|NZL}} 2002 | Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | 3 | 16 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2004 | Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | 3 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|LKA}} 2006 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|MYS}} 2008 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|NZL}} 2010 | Quarter-fainal | 6 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|AUS}} 2012 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2014 | Quarter-fainal | 5 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2016 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2018 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 |6 |6 |0 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|RSA}} 2020 | Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |16 |6 |5 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|WIN}} 2022 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |16 | 6 |6 |0 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|RSA}} 2024 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 |16 |7 |6 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|ZIM}}{{flagicon|NAM}} 2026 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |16 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !'''Lakabi 6''' ! ! !103 !82 !20 !0 !1 |} ====Kofin Asiya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Asiya na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 1989 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 3 |3 |3 |0 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Pakistan}} 2003 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |4 |4 |3 |1 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2012 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |3 |1 |1 | 0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2014 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2016 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |5 |0 |0 |0 |- |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2017 |Matakin rukuni | 5 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 2018 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |5 |0 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2019 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |0 |0 |1 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2021 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2023 |Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe |4 |8 |4 |2 |2 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2024 |Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |8 |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2025 |Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !8 Lakabi ! ! !54 !41 !11 !1 !1 |} ===Ƙungiyar mata ta U-19=== ====Kofin Duniya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Duniya na T20 na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2023 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |16 |7 |6 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|MAS}} 2025 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |16 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !2 Lakabi ! ! !14 !13 !1 !0 !0 |} ====Kofin Asiya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Asiya na T20 na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2024 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |6 |5 |4 |0 |0 |1 |- !Jimilla !'''1 Lakabi''' ! !6 !5 !4 !0 !0 !1 |} ===Ƙungiyar maza ta A=== ====Kofin Asiya na ACC na Ƙungiyoyi Masu Tasowa==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- !colspan=10|Tarihin Kofin Asiya na ACC na Ƙungiyoyi Masu Tasowa |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |style="background:gold;"|{{flagicon|SIN}} '''2013''' ||'''Zakarun'''|| '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''4''' || '''1''' ||'''0''' ||'''0''' |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2017 || Matakin rukuni || 5/8 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:silver;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} <br>{{flagicon|PAK}} 2018 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|BAN}} 2019 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 4/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:silver;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} 2023 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|OMA}} 2024 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|QAT}} 2025 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- !'''Jimilla'''|| '''1 Lakabi'''|| '''-''' ||'''30'''||'''21'''||'''9'''||'''0'''||'''0''' |} ===Ƙungiyar mata ta A=== ====ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- !colspan=10|Tarihin gasar T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Mataki ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|HK}} '''[[2023 ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup|2023]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-emerging-teams-cup-2023-1379666|title=ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup 2023|access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref>|| '''Zakarun gasar''' || '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''2''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''3''' |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|THA}} '''[[2026 Women's Asia Cup Rising Stars|2026]]'''||'''Zakarun gasar''' || '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''4''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''0''' |- |'''Jimilla'''|| '''Kofuna 2'''|| '''-''' ||'''10'''||'''6'''||'''1'''||'''0'''||'''3''' |} ==Watsa wasan kurket a Indiya== ===Gasa ta cikin gida=== ====Wasan kurket na ƙungiyoyin kamfani na cikin gida==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shirye na ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |[[Indian Premier League]] |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Media Rights: BCCI hits a six while Viacom18 and Star India scramble for the ball |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ipl-media-rights-bcci-hits-a-six-while-viacom18-and-star-india-scramble-for-the-ball/2566141/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Financialexpress |date=20 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="2"|[[JioStar]] | rowspan="2" |[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] | rowspan="2" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="2" |[[JioHotstar]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's IPL: Viacom 18 wins media rights, to pay INR 7.09 crore per match |date=16 January 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-womens-ipl-viacom-18-wins-media-rights-to-pay-bcci-over-inr-7-crore-per-match-for-five-years-1354084}}</ref> |} ====Wasan kurket na jihohi/yankuna na cikin gida==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shirye na ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- ! rowspan="4" | Wasan kurket na aji na farko | [[Ranji Trophy]] | rowspan="11" |2023–2028<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556034/bcci-announces-the-successful-bidder-for-acquiring-the-media-rights-for-the-bcci-international-matches-and-domestic-matches-for-september-2023-march-2028|title=BCCI announces the successful bidder for acquiring the Media Rights for the BCCI International Matches and Domestic Matches for September 2023 – March 2028|website=www.bcci.tv}}</ref> | rowspan="11" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="11" |[[Star Sports (India)|Star Sports]] | rowspan="11" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="11" |[[JioHotstar]] |- | [[Irani Cup]] |- | [[Duleep Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's Inter Zonal Multi-Day Trophy]] |- ! rowspan="4" | Wasan kurket na List A | [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]] |- | [[Deodhar Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's One-Day Trophy]] |- | [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day|Senior Women's Inter Zonal One-Day Trophy]] |- ! rowspan="3" | Wasan kurket na T20 | [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's T20 Trophy]] |- | [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20|Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20 Trophy]] |} ==== Wasan kurket na ƙungiyoyin jihohi na cikin gida ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''na yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2" |Jiha !rowspan="2" |Gasa !rowspan="2" |Lokaci !colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin !colspan="2" |Haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- !{{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} Bihar |Bihar Cricket League |2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Eurosport India acquires broadcast rights for the Bihar Cricket League (BCL) |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/eurosport-india-acquires-broadcast-rights-for-the-bihar-cricket-league-bcl-163630.html|access-date=2021-03-22 |website=MyKhel |language=en}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |- ! rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} Maharashtra <small>(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)</small> |Maharashtra Premier League |2025 |rowspan="3" |JioStar |rowspan="3" |Star Sports |rowspan="3" |JioStar |rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- |Women's Maharashtra Premier League |2025 |- !Mumbai {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Mumbai, Thane da Navi Mumbai na Maharashtra.}} |T20 Mumbai |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-04 |title=T20 Mumbai 2025, where to watch live: TV channels, live streaming and timings|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/t20-mumbai-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-live-streaming-and-timings|access-date=2025-06-06 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |- !Andhra Pradesh |Andhra Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=Andhra Premier League 2024 starts on June 30: Where to watch |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/andhra-premier-league-apl-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-06-27 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="7" |JioStar | rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="7" |Dream Sports |rowspan="7" |FanCode |- !Vadodara {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vadodara na Gujarat.}} |Baroda Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-15 |title=Baroda Premier League 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/baroda-premier-league-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-15 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} Kerala |Kerala Cricket League |2024-2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralacricketassociation.com/2024/08/kerala-cricket-league-broadcast-and-streaming-partner/|title=Kerala Cricket League: Broadcast and Streaming Partner|work=kca|access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> |Star Sports, Asianet Plus |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Karnataka.svg}} Karnataka |Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 2024 to begin on August 15 in Bengaluru - watch live|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/maharaja-trophy-t20-2024-schedule-dates-timing-telecast-live-streaming-info-301139.html#:~:text=Maharaja%20Trophy%20T20%20season%203%20will%20be%20telecast%20live%20on,via%20Fancode%20app%20or%20website.|access-date=2024-08-14|website=mykhel|language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Star Sports |- !{{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} Puducherry |Pondicherry Premier League |2025 |- !{{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}} Punjab |Sher-E-Punjab T20 Cup |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Sher-E-Punjab T20 2024: Know schedule, telecast and watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/sher-e-punjab-t20-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}} Tamil Nadu |Tamil Nadu Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-05|title=TNPL 2025, where to watch live: TV channels, live streaming and timings for Tamil Nadu Premier League|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/tnpl-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-05|website=Wisden|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Rajasthan Flag(INDIA).png}} Rajasthan |Rajasthan Premier League |2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-28 |title=Inaugural Rajasthan Premier League 2023 begins in Jodhpur - watch live streaming in India|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/rajasthan-premier-league-2023-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2023-08-28 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India | rowspan="3" |JioStar | rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|}} West Bengal |Bengal Pro T20 League |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-15 |title=Bengal Pro T20 League 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/bengal-pro-t20-league-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-15 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |JioStar | rowspan="2" |Star Sports |- |Women's Bengal Pro T20 League |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}} Delhi |Delhi Premier League T20 |rowspan="2" |2025 | rowspan="2" |None | rowspan="2" |None |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Women's Delhi Premier League T20 | | |- !rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} Madhya Pradesh |Madhya Pradesh League |2025 |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="2" |Dream Sports |rowspan="2" |FanCode |- |Women's Madhya Pradesh League |2025 |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} Uttar Pradesh |UP T20 League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-26 |title=Live streaming, Uttar Pradesh T20 League 2024 underway in Lucknow: Where to watch - full schedule |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/uttar-pradesh-up-t20-league-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-08-26 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- !Saurashtra {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Saurashtra na Gujarat.}} |Saurashtra Pro T20 League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-06 |title=Saurashtra Pro T20 League, 2025: All Squads, Full Schedule, Where To Watch, Live Streaming, Telecast, Timings In IST & Fantasy|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/saurashtra-pro-t20-league-2025-all-squads-tnpl-full-schedule-where-to-watch-live-streaming-telecast-timings-in-ist-fantasy-662025-1749179482219|access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Cricket.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Saurashtra Pro T20 League 2025 Schedule, Squad, Captains, Venue and Live Streaming|url=https://uccricket.live/cricket/t20/saurashtra-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squad-captains-venue-63107/|access-date=2025-06-05 |website=uccricket|language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="3" |Doordarshan |rowspan="3" |DD Sports |rowspan="3" |JioStar, Dream11 |rowspan="3" |JioHotstar, Fancode, [https://wavespb.com Waves] |- !rowspan="2" |Vidarbha {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vidarbha na Maharashtra.}} |Vidarbha Pro T20 League |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Vidarbha Pro T20 League 2025 Schedule, Squad, Captains, Venue and Live Streaming|url=https://uccricket.live/cricket/t20/vidarbha-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squad-captains-venue-63122/|access-date=2025-06-05 |website=uccricket|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-07 |title=Vidarbha Pro T20 League 2025: Schedule, squads and where to watch live|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/vidarbha-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squads-and-where-to-watch-live|access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Wisden|language=en}}</ref> |- |Vidarbha Pro T20 League (Women's) |- !{{flagicon image|Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png}} Chhattisgarh |Chhattisgarh Cricket Premier League |2025 |rowspan="3"|Culver Max Entertainment |rowspan="3"|Sony Sports Network |Culver Max Entertainment |SonyLIV |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttarakhand.svg}} Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand Premier League |rowspan="2" |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Sony Sports India acquires broadcast rights for the Uttarakhand Premier League (UPL) |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/news/uttarakhand-premier-league-2024-womens-schedule-date-timings-venue-and-more|access-date=2024-09-03 |website=SportsTiger |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |Dream11 |rowspan="4" |FanCode |- |Uttarakhand Premier League (Women's) |- !Arunachal Pradesh |Arunachal Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-06 |title=Arunachal Premier League 2024 to begin on September 8 - watch live streaming |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/apl-arunachal-premier-league-t20-2024-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india/|access-date=2024-09-06 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{center|Babu komai}} |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Odisha.svg}} Odisha |Odisha Cricket League |2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title=Odisha Cricket League 2023 to begin on June 12 - watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/odisha-cricket-league-2023-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2023-06-09 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |} {{Notelist}} === Gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa === ==== Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa (a gida) ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya | 2023–2028<ref name=":6"/> | rowspan="1" |JioStar | rowspan="1" |Star Sports DD Sports (FTA) | rowspan="1" |JioStar | rowspan="1" |JioHotstar |} ==== Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa (a ƙasashen waje) ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|}} International Cricket Council |2024–2027<ref>{{Cite news |title=Disney Star wins ICC media rights for Indian market |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 August 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/disney-star-wins-icc-media-rights-for-indian-market/articleshow/93823767.cms}}</ref> | rowspan="3"|JioStar | rowspan="3" |Star Sports DD Sports (FTA) (Dukkan wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I na Indiya, har da wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da na ƙarshe) | rowspan="3" |JioStar | rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu |2024–2031<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viacom18 and Cricket South Africa Announce Long-term Partnership |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/viacom18-and-cricket-south-africa-announce-long-term-partnership-6336427.html |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Ostareliya |2023-2030<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Disney Star secure Australian cricket broadcast deal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/disney-star-acquire-television-broadcast-rights-australian-cricket-india-subcontinent-sony/2022-07-24 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cricket.com.au |language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Asian Cricket Council Logo.svg}} Asian Cricket Council |2024-2031<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-22 |title=Sony Culver Max wins Asia Cup media rights at US$170, 70% hike from previous value |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/sony-culver-max-wins-asia-cup-media-rights-at-us170-70-hike-from-previous-value/articleshow/115564029.cms |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Culver Max Entertainment | rowspan="6" |Sony Sports Network DD Sports (FTA)<br>(Wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I da Indiya kawai) | rowspan="4" |Culver Max Entertainment | rowspan="4" |SonyLIV |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of England.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Ingila |2022–2028<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2018 |title=Sony Pictures acquires media rights for cricket matches in England |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/sony-pictures-networks-india-extends-broadcast-deal-with-ecb-till-2028-5726101.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=News 18}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Sri Lanka.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Sri Lanka |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony bags the SLC rights for four years |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125782/sony-bags-the-slc-rights-for-four-years |access-date=2023-06-24|language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a New Zealand |2024-2031<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/archive/nzc-sony-pictures-networks-sign-seven-year-india-broadcast-deal/|title=NZC & Sony Pictures Networks sign seven-year India broadcast deal|website=NZC}}</ref> |- |2024-2026<ref name=":8" /> |Amazon |Amazon Prime Video |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Pakistan |2025<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=Sony Sports Network secures PCB home series and PSL broadcast rights |url=https://www.adgully.com/sony-sports-network-secures-pcb-home-series-and-psl-broadcast-rights-156217.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.adgully.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Dream11 | rowspan="4" |FanCode |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Zimbabwe.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Zimbabwe | 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony Sports Network bags TV and digital rights for the upcoming India tour of Zimbabwe |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/sony-sports-network-bags-tv-and-digital-rights-for-the-upcoming-india-tour-of-zimbabwe|access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Cricbuzz |date=5 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |Prasar Bharati | rowspan="3" |DD Sports (FTA) (Wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I da Indiya kawai) |- | colspan="2" |Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a West Indies |2021-2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/fancode-picks-up-media-rights-of-west-indies-cricket-board/articleshow/81933556.cms?from=mdr |title=FanCode picks up media rights of West Indies cricket board |publisher=The Economic Times |date=6 April 2021 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Bangladesh.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Bangladesh |2025 |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Afghanistan |2024-2027<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Eurosport India acquires broadcast rights for Afghanistan Cricket Board till 2027 |date=21 February 2024 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/eurosport-india-acquires-broadcast-rights-for-afghanistan-cricket-board-till-2027}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |} ==== Cricket na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na ƙasa da ƙasa ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2" |Ƙasa<br />(ko)<br />Ƙungiyar nahiyoyi !rowspan="2" |Gasa !rowspan="2" |Lokaci !colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin !colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- !{{flag|Afghanistan}} |Afghanistan Premier League |2024-2027<ref name=":10" /> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|Australia}} |Big Bash League |rowspan="2" |2023–2030<ref name=":7" /> |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |JioHotstar |- |Women's Big Bash League |- !{{flag|Bangladesh}} |Bangladesh Premier League |2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sagar |date=2024-12-30 |title=BPL 2024-25 Live Streaming Details: Where to Watch Bangladesh Premier League 2024-25 Telecast Details in India, Date, Time, and Fixtures |url=https://cricxtasy.com/news/bpl-2024-25-live-streaming-details-where-to-watch-bangladesh-premier-league-2024-25-telecast-details-in-india-date-time-and-fixtures/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Cricxtasy |language=en-IN}}</ref> |colspan="2" |{{center|Babu}} |rowspan="6" |Dream11 |rowspan="6" |Fancode |- !{{flag|Canada}} |Global T20 Canada |2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global T20 Canada 2024: Know schedule, telecast and watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/global-t20-canada-2024-schedule-match-times-telecast-watch-live-streaming-india |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|England}} |The Hundred |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hundred 2025: Where to Watch Matches - TV Channels & Live Streaming in India |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/the-hundred-2025-where-to-watch-matches-tv-channels-live-streaming-in-india/|access-date=2025-07-21|website=CricTracker|language=English}}</ref> |rowspan="2" |Culver Max Entertainment |rowspan="2" |Sony Sports Network |- |The Women's Hundred |- !{{flag|Nepal}} |Nepal Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where to watch Nepal Premier League in India|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/nepal-premier-league-npl-2024-schedule-squads-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-11-26|website=SportsAdda |language=English}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |- !{{flag|Pakistan}} |Pakistan Super League |2025<ref name=":9" /> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |- !{{flag|South Africa}} |SA20 |2023–2033<ref>{{Cite web |title=SA20 strikes landmark broadcast deal for Indian market |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/south-africa-news-sa20-strikes-landmark-broadcast-deal-for-indian-market-1343046 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |JioStar |rowspan="4" |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|Sri Lanka}} |Lanka Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=Star Sports partners with Lanka Premier League season 5 to broadcast live action in India |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/mktg/star-sports-partners-with-lanka-premier-league-season-5-to-broadcast-live-action-in-india |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-29 |title=FanCode bags three year digital rights for Lanka Premier League |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/fancode-bags-three-year-digital-rights-for-lanka-premier-league/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> |rowspan="3" |Dream11 |rowspan="3" |FanCode |- |Lanka T10 |2024<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Disney Star secures exclusive rights for T10 global tournaments - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/disney-star-secures-exclusive-rights-for-t10-global-tournaments/articleshow/113551767.cms |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref> |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |Abu Dhabi T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |- |International League T20 |2023–2032<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Entertainment: ZEE acquires global media rights for Emirates Cricket Board's UAE T20 league for 10 years - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/zee-acquires-global-media-rights-for-emirates-cricket-boards-uae-t20-league-for-10-years/articleshow/87996595.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref> |Zee Entertainment Enterprises |Zee Network |Zee Entertainment Enterprises |ZEE5 |- !rowspan="2"|{{flag|United States}} |Major League Cricket |2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-12|title=Major League Cricket Live telecast: When and where to watch MLC 2025 live on TV and streaming in India? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/major-league-cricket-live-telecast-when-and-where-to-watch-mlc-2025-live-on-tv-and-streaming-in-india-2025-06-12-994316 |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=INDIA TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-12|title=MLC 2025 Live In India: TV Channels, Streaming Platforms & Match Timings|url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/mlc-2025-live-in-india-tv-channels-streaming-platforms-match-timings-all-you-need-to-know-2915107.html|access-date=2025-06-12 |work=ZEE news}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |JioStar |rowspan="4" |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |US Masters T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |rowspan="5" |Dream11 |rowspan="5" |FanCode |- !rowspan="3" |{{flag|West Indies}} |Caribbean Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Vijay |date=2023-09-19 |title=CPL 2024 Squads, Format, Schedule & Broadcast Options |url=https://ultimatecricketguru.com/caribbean-premier-league-cpl-schedule-team-squads-live-broadcast/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Cricket Predictions, Tips, News, Odds & Offers |language=en-GB}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Women's Caribbean Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Women's CPL 2024, Where To Watch Live: TV Channels, Live Streaming And Match Timings For Women's Caribbean Premier League |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/womens-caribbean-premier-league-2024/cricket-news/womens-cpl-2024-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-live-streaming-and-match-timings-for-womens-caribbean-premier-league |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref> |- |Global Super League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title= Global Super League T20 confirms worldwide broadcast partners for 2025 tournament |url=https://www.cricexec.com/global-super-league-t20-confirms-worldwide-broadcast-partners-for-2025-tournament/689557928/|access-date=2025-07-11 |website=cricexec.com|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |- !{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |Zim Afro T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |JioStar |Star Sports |} === Sauran gasa === Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- |World Championship of Legends |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-18 |title=World Championship of Legends, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming for WCL 2025 |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/world-championship-of-legends-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming-for-wcl-2025 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Celebrity Cricket League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-07 |title=CCL 2025 Live Streaming & Telecast |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/ccl-2025-live-streaming-telecast-how-to-watch-celebrity-cricket-league-season-11-on-tv-mobile-339495.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=mykhel.com|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |International Masters League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Masters League to onboard 9 brands as sponsors and partners |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/cricket/news/international-masters-league-to-onboard-9-brands-as-sponsors-and-partners-125022101317_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref> |JioStar |Colors Cineplex, Colors Cineplex Superhits |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |Legends League Cricket (T20) |2023-25 |JioStar |Star Sports |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Asian Legends League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=Asian Legends League 2025: Where To Watch, Schedule, Squads, Telecast, Live Streaming |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/asian-legends-league-2025-where-to-watch-schedule-squads-telecast-live-streaming-2025-03-10-980024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=INDIA TV|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Legends League Cricket (T10) |2025 |Doordarshan |DD Sports |Prasar Bharati |[https://wavespb.com Waves] |- |Indian Street Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-15 |title=ISPL 2025 Live Streaming: When and where to watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/ispl-2025-live-streaming-when-and-where-to-watch-indian-street-premier-league-season-2-final/articleshow/118264339.cms |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |Max60 Caribbean |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title=Max60 Caribbean 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/max60-caribbean-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |Dream Sports |FanCode |} == A cikin shahararriyar al'ada == An nuna wasan cricket a cikin shahararriyar al'adar Indiya a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na asalin ƙasar Indiya.<ref name="CO" /> Sau da yawa ana danganta shi da ƙaunar ƙasa da kishin ƙasa mai ƙarfi.<ref name="CO" /> === Fina-finai === An nuna wasan cricket sau da yawa a fina-finan Indiya daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun fina-finan shi ne ''M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'', fim ɗin da Arun Pandey da Fox Star Studios suka shirya, sannan Neeraj Pandey ya ba da umarni. Marigayi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Sushant Singh Rajput ne ya fito a matsayin kyaftin ɗin tawagar ƙasar Indiya Mahendra Singh Dhoni, wanda aka san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaftin da ƙwararrun masu kammala wasa a tarihin cricket. Fim ɗin na cikin nau'in fim ɗin tarihin rayuwa da wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni, kuma ya kunshi wasu sassan rayuwar Mahendra Singh Dhoni, kamar yarintarsa, dangantakar iyali, ƙalubale, aure, shugabancin tawagar cricket ta ƙasar Indiya da kuma yadda ya taimaka wa Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 2011 ta hanyar buga ƙwallon da ta kai ga maki shida. ''M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'' ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu kallo da masu suka, inda ya samu kashi 80% a Rotten Tomatoes<ref>{{Cite web |title=M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ms_dhoni_the_untold_story |access-date=2017-05-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> da maki 8 a IMDb.<ref>{{Citation |title=M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) - IMDb |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt4169250/ |access-date=2017-05-13}}</ref> ''83'' ma fim ne da Reliance Entertainment ta shirya kuma Kabir Khan ya ba da umarni. Ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ranveer Singh ne ya fito a matsayin kyaftin ɗin tawagar ƙasar Indiya Kapil Dev, wanda aka san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu jefa ƙwallo a tarihin cricket na Indiya. Fim ɗin na cikin nau'in fina-finan tarihi na Indiya, kuma ya ba da labarin nasarar da tawagar ƙasar Indiya ta samu a matsayin wadda ba a yi tsammanin za ta yi nasara ba a Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 1983. ''83'' ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu kallo da masu suka, inda ya samu kashi 80% a Rotten Tomatoes<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/83 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> da maki 7.5 a IMDb.<ref name="IM">{{Citation |title='83 (2021) - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7518786/?ref_=tt_urv |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> Bita da dama sun yaba wa fim ɗin saboda yadda ya jaddada kishin ƙasa da kuma yadda ya ba da labarin nasarar da Indiya ta samu a shekarar 1983 cikin salo mai ɗaukar hankali, duk da cewa wasu sun soki fim ɗin saboda ƙara wa wasu sassan labarin armashi fiye da kima.<ref name="IM" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Amit |last2=Sharma |first2=Abhishika |last3=Srivastava |first3=Amitabh |date=2023-01-02 |title=Making Indian cricket history: review of the film 83 (2021) |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |journal=Media Asia |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=141–144 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |issn=0129-6612 |s2cid=250659168|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Mashahurai === Ana kallon 'yan wasan cricket na ƙasar Indiya a matsayin wasu daga cikin fitattun mashahurai a Indiya, musamman Sachin Tendulkar, wanda wasu ke ɗaukar shi da matsayi mai kama da na abin bautawa.<ref name="PC">{{Cite journal |last1=Nalapat |first1=Abilash |last2=Parker |first2=Andrew |date=December 2005 |title=Sport, Celebrity and Popular Culture: Sachin Tendulkar, Cricket and Indian Nationalisms |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1012690205065750 |journal=International Review for the Sociology of Sport |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=433–446 |doi=10.1177/1012690205065750 |issn=1012-6902 |s2cid=143036248 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A ƙarshen aikinsa na wasanni, Tendulkar ya fara shiga harkar siyasa, inda aka rantsar da shi a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Rajya Sabha, wato majalisar dattawan Indiya, a shekarar 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sachin Tendulkar sworn in as MP |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/413892/amp |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> shekara guda kafin ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekarar 2013. Duk da cewa Tendulkar bai taɓa bayyana alaƙarsa a hukumance da wata jam'iyyar siyasa ba, wasu wallafe-wallafe sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya fara zama abin koyi mai karkata ga Hindu bayan farkon ƙarni na 21 a lokacin aikinsa na cricket.<ref name="PC" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kavoori |first=Anandam |title=Cricket, Media and the Nation: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Three Mediated Moments in Indian Cricket |url=https://amityuniversity.ae/gmj-ae/journals/2021/1%20Anandam%20Kavoori.pdf |journal=Global Media Journal - Arabian Edition |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=1–14 |via=Amity University Dubai}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin cricket a kafafen sada zumunta == Ƙungiyoyin cricket biyar da suka fi shahara a kafafen sada zumunta a duniya duk ƙungiyoyin Indian Premier League ne tun daga shekarar 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-25 |title=Most popular cricket clubs on social media in the world |url=https://fantasykhiladi.com/cricket/ipl/most-fan-following-ipl-team/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> {{row counter| {|class{{=}}"wikitable sortable" !#!!Ƙungiyar cricket!!Wuri!!Masu bibiyarta |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Chennai Super Kings||Chennai||40.5 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Mumbai Indians||Mumbai||36.3 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Royal Challengers Bengaluru||Bengaluru||31.9 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Kolkata Knight Riders||Kolkata||28.9 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Sunrisers Hyderabad||Hyderabad||14.2 miliyan |} }} ==Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} meurpymzhbjuzbce791ssom1lqsol4b 967074 967073 2026-10-13T06:51:45Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v3.1.1s 967074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Kurket|Wasan Kurket]] shine wasan da ya fi shahara a [[Indiya]] . Ana buga shi kusan ko'ina a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Most Watched Sports in India |url=https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/sports/7-most-watched-sports-in-india-1682687266138 |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=WION |language=en-us}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ita ce hukumar da ke kula da kurket a Indiya. Tana gudanar da dukkan gasannin cikin gida a Indiya kuma tana zaɓar 'yan wasan ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasa ta Indiya da kuma ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta ƙasa ta Indiya don wakiltar Indiya a gasar kurket ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya ba ya bin tsarin da aka saba gani kuma yana yaɗuwa a duk tsawon shekarar kalanda, sabanin ƙungiyoyin kurket na Australiya da Ingila waɗanda ke yawo a wasu ƙasashe a lokacin hunturunsu kuma suna wasa a gida a lokacin bazararsu. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket mafi nasara a duniya, bayan ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Cricket sau 2, Kofin Duniya na T20 guda 3, Kofin Zakarun Turai guda 3 kuma ta kammala a matsayi na biyu sau biyu a Gasar Gwaji ta Duniya . Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Indiya ta kuma lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta kurket . Indiya ta dauki nauyin gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket da dama, {{Efn|It hosted the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]], [[1996 Cricket World Cup|1996]], [[2011 Cricket World Cup|2011]] and [[2023 Cricket World Cup|2023]] [[Cricket World Cup]]s, the [[2006 ICC Champions Trophy|2006 Champions Trophy]] and the [[2016 ICC World Twenty20|2016 T20 World Cup]]. It also hosted [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup]].}} kuma za ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta T20 ta 2026, {{Efn|the [[2026 Men's T20 World Cup]] is scheduled to take place in India, but Sri Lanka will also serve as a co-host.<ref name=C2/>}} gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 2029, da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2031 a nan gaba. {{Efn|the [[2031 Cricket World Cup]] is scheduled to take place in India, but Bangladesh will also serve as a co-host.<ref name=C2/>}} <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=...2024–31 men's tournament hosts confirmed. |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/usa-to-stage-t20-world-cup-2024-2031-icc-mens-tournament-hosts-confirmed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=icc-cricket}}</ref> Wasan kurket muhimmin bangare ne na [[al'adun Indiya]] <ref name="CO">{{Cite journal |last=Nair |first=Nisha |date=2011-06-01 |title=Cricket obsession in India: through the lens of identity theory |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |journal=Sport in Society |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=569–580 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2011.574351 |issn=1743-0437 |s2cid=144858524 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> kuma manyan 'yan wasa, kamar Sunil Gavaskar, Mohinder Amarnath, Kapil Dev, Polly Umrigar, Bishan Singh Bedi, Lala Amarnath, Ravi Shastri, Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid, VVS Laxman, Yuvraj Singh, Gautam Gambhir, Virender Sehwag, MS Dhoni, Virat Kohli, Rohit Sharma, [[KL Rahul]], Ravichandran Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Hardik Pandya, Jasprit Bumrah, Shubman Gill da Sanju Samson galibi suna samun matsayi na shahara kuma suna daga cikin manyan mutane masu tasiri a kasar. Sau da yawa ana nuna wasan kurket a matsayin mai kishin ƙasa a cikin shahararrun fina-finan Indiya, ciki har da fim ɗin da aka zaɓa a matsayin Academy Award, ''Lagaan'', <nowiki><i id="mwWQ">da</i></nowiki> fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni na 2021 game da nasarar da Indiya ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta kurket a 1983. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana da dogon gasa da ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Pakistan, kuma wasannin Indiya da Pakistan suna daga cikin wasannin da ake sa ran za su fafata a duniya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a talabijin a duniya. Gasar wasan kurket tsakanin Indiya da Ostiraliya gasa ce mai ƙarfi da gasa a cikin wasan kurket. An san fafatawar da ke tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashe saboda ƙarfinsu. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan wasannin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. == Tarihi == An kawo wasan kurket zuwa Indiya a farkon shekarun 1700, inda aka fara buga wasan kurket a shekarar 1721. A lokacin da aka gabatar da shi, ya zama hanyar da Indiyawa za su iya shiga cikin al'adun Birtaniya. Ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin gada tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu, ya sauƙaƙa haɗakar juna. A lokacin da yake a Indiya, manyan 'yan wasan Indiya ne suka yi wasan don samun karbuwa a wurin 'yan Birtaniya. Wannan haɗin gwiwa da manyan mutane ya ƙara darajar wasanni da shahararsa a faɗin ƙasar. Duk da cewa ya fara ne a matsayin wasan ƙasashen waje, a ƙarshe wasan ya fara da alaƙa da Indiya kuma ya fara taka rawa a asalin Indiya. A ƙarshen shekarun 1800, hoton wasan kurket ya fara canzawa daga kasancewa wasa na musamman na manyan 'yan wasa yayin da 'yan wasa daga ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da al'ummomin da ba su da galihu suka fara wasa da kuma nuna alamunsu. === 1800s zuwa 1918 === [[File:Ranjitsinhji_c1900.jpg|thumb|237x237px| An ɗauki Ranjitsinhji a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan bats na zamaninsa.]] Wasan farko na wasan kurket na farko da aka buga a Indiya ya faru ne a shekarar 1864 tsakanin Calcutta da Madras (yanzu Chennai). Babu rikodin da yawa daga wasan. Tarihin wasan kurket a Indiya da kuma yankin nahiyar gaba ɗaya ya dogara ne akan wanzuwar da kuma ci gaban British Raj ta hanyar Kamfanin Gabashin Indiya . === 1918 zuwa 1945 === Indiya ta zama ta shida a cikin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ta buga wasan kurket na Test a rangadin da ta yi a Ingila a shekarar 1932 . Kyaftin CK Nayudu ne, kuma gwajin farko da suka yi ya kasance ne da Ingila a filin wasan kurket na Lord's daga ranar 25 zuwa 28 ga Yuni, amma an doke su da maki 158. === 1945 zuwa 1960 === Babban abin da ya faru a tarihin wasan kurket na Indiya a wannan lokacin shine Raba ƙasar Indiya bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya Raj a shekarar 1947. Wani abin da ya fara kawo cikas ga sauyi shi ne gasar Bombay Quadrangular, wadda ta kasance cibiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tsawon sama da shekaru 50. Sabuwar Indiya ba ta da wurin zama ga ƙungiyoyi bisa ga asalin ƙabila. Sakamakon haka, gasar Ranji ta zama ta musamman a matsayin gasar cin kofin kasa. An lashe tseren Bombay Pentangula na ƙarshe, kamar yadda ya zama, a hannun Hindu a 1945–46. Indiya ta kuma samu nasarar farko a gasar Gwaji a shekarar 1952, inda ta doke Ingila da ci daya mai ban haushi a Madras. <ref name="SC">{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service. Story of Cricket |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1157_cricket_history/page6.shtml |access-date=2012-06-16 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> === 1960 zuwa 1970 === Wata ƙungiya ta mamaye wasan kurket na Indiya gaba ɗaya a shekarun 1960. A matsayin wani ɓangare na nasarori 14 a jere a gasar Ranji Trophy daga 1958–59 zuwa 1972–73, Bombay ta lashe gasar a dukkan kakar wasa goma na wannan lokacin da ake nazari a kai. Daga cikin 'yan wasanta akwai Farokh Engineer, Dilip Sardesai, Bapu Nadkarni, Ramakant Desai, Baloo Gupte, Ashok Mankad da Ajit Wadekar . An ƙaddamar da gasar Duleep Trophy a matsayin gasar yanki a kakar wasa ta 1961-1962. An sanya masa suna ne bayan ɗan'uwan Ranji, Kumar Shri Duleepsinhji (1905–59). Ganin cewa Bombay tana cikin jerin ƙasashe masu arzikin ƙasa, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Yankin Yamma ya lashe kofuna shida daga cikin tara na farko. === 1970 zuwa 1985 === Bombay (wanda yanzu ake kira Mumbai) ta ci gaba da mamaye wasan kurket na cikin gida na Indiya, inda Karnataka, Delhi, da wasu ƙungiyoyi kaɗan ne kawai suka sami damar yin kowace irin ƙalubale a wannan lokacin. Indiya ta ji daɗin manyan abubuwan duniya guda biyu. A shekarar 1971, sun lashe gasar Test Series a Ingila a karon farko, abin mamaki sun doke wadanda suka lashe gasar Ashes ta Ray Illingworth. A shekarar 1983, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1983 a Ingila, karkashin jagorancin Kapil Dev. Kapil Dev ya kuma shahara da "Viv Richards Catch", inda ya zira kwallaye 175 ba tare da an cire shi ba, (ƙarni na farko na ODI daga wani ɗan Indiya), kuma ya karya tarihin duniya na 171 na Glenn Turner. 183 shine mafi ƙarancin maki da aka taɓa samu a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya. A shekarun 1970, ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya ta fara ganin nasara a ƙasashen waje inda ta doke New Zealand, sannan ta riƙe Ostiraliya, Afirka ta Kudu da Ingila a kunnen doki. Kashin bayan ƙungiyar shine ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Indiya masu juyawa - Bishen Bedi, EAS Prasanna, BS Chandrasekhar da Srinivas Venkataraghavan, wanda ya haifar da abin da daga baya za a kira Zamanin Zinare na tarihin wasan kurket na Indiya. A cikin wannan shekaru goma, an kuma ga fitowar manyan 'yan wasan bats guda biyu na Indiya, Sunil Gavaskar da Gundappa Vishwanath, wadanda suka jagoranci nasarorin da suka samu a jere a shekarar 1971 a gasar West Indies da kuma a Ingila, karkashin jagorancin kyaftin din Ajit Wadekar. Tawagar mata ta Indiya ta fara gwajin a shekarar 1976, inda ta zama ƙasa ta uku da ta yi hakan. Ya fara fitowa a matsayin ODI a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1978. === 1985 zuwa 2000 === A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, gidajen yanar gizo na Burtaniya sun watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na wasannin ƙasashen waje. Wannan babban abu ne da ya haifar da tsarin da yanzu ya zama wasan kurket na zamani. Fasaha ta zamani da kuma kafa cibiyoyin sadarwa na musamman na talabijin sun jawo hankalin duniya ga wasannin. ESPN da Star Sports sun ƙara wasan kurket a cikin shirye-shiryensu na tsawon awanni 24 na ci gaba da watsa shirye-shiryensu kai tsaye. Shahararriyar duniya ta ƙaru a yankin Gabas. An kafa [[Firimiyar Indiya|gasar Premier ta Indiya]], wacce aka fi sani da gasar cikin gida jim kaɗan bayan haka. A shekarun 1980, Indiya ta ƙirƙiro jerin 'yan wasan da suka fi mayar da hankali kan kai hari tare da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan jet kamar Mohammad Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar da Ravi Shastri a cikin wannan shekarun. Duk da nasarar da Indiya ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket a shekarar 1983, kungiyar ta yi rashin nasara a filin wasan Test, ciki har da wasanni 28 a jere na Test ba tare da samun nasara ba. Duk da haka, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1984 kuma ta lashe Gasar Cricket ta Duniya a Ostiraliya a shekarar 1985. An gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta shekarar 1987 a Indiya da Pakistan - karo na farko da aka buga gasar a wajen Ingila. Daga kakar wasa ta 1993-94, an sauya gasar Duleep Trophy daga gasar knockout zuwa gasar lig. An sauya sunayen ƙungiya da haruffa da dama a shekarun 1990 lokacin da aka gabatar da sunayen gargajiya na Indiya don maye gurbin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Raj na Burtaniya . Mafi mahimmanci, Bombay ya zama Mumbai kuma sanannen wurin [[Chennai|Madras]] ya zama [[Chennai]] . Duk da zuwansa a shekarun 1700, shaharar wasan kurket ta ƙaru sosai yayin da take yaɗuwa a yankuna daban-daban. Ya zama abin da ke haɗa kan ƙasar, wanda ya wuce shingayen zamantakewa da al'adu. Da farko wasan ya shahara a tsakanin fitattun mutane, amma ya fara yin fice yayin da mutane daga ƙananan kabilu suka haɗu don yin wasa, kallo, da kuma yin mu'amala da wasan. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, wasan kurket ya ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na al'ummar ƙasar, musamman a fafatawar da ta yi da ita, wanda ya fi shahara a tsakanin Indiya da Pakistan. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ta fito a matsayin wani muhimmin karfi, wanda ke jagorantar wasan zuwa ga dunkulewar duniya baki daya. Fasaha ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar ƙara yawan masu shiga gasar, kawo wasannin kurket kai tsaye cikin gidaje da kuma ƙara yawan masu shiga da kuma tasirinsu. Babban sauyi a dunkulewar duniya a wasan kurket a Indiya ya zo ne da nasara a fagen wasanni na duniya. Nasarorin da aka samu a manyan gasa sun taimaka wajen isa ga duniya baki ɗaya, amma an samu ci gaba a nasarar da aka samu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 1983. Kapil Dev ne ya jagoranci wannan gasa, inda Sunil Gavaskar da Sachin Tendulkar suma suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a cikin karuwar shaharar da wasan ya samu a wannan lokacin. Waɗannan 'yan wasan sun fito ne daga asali daga cikin manyan mutane na gargajiya, suna bayyana a matsayin shahararrun al'adu waɗanda ke wakiltar mafarkai da burin 'yan Indiya kuma suna haɓaka babban jin daɗin alfahari. Nasarar da suka samu a fagen duniya a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Indiya ta yi matukar tasiri ga Indiya yayin da ta jawo alfahari da girmamawa wanda mutane da yawa ba su ji ba tsawon lokaci. <ref name="Mustafa, Fahad 2013" /> Baya ga karuwar fahimtar kishin ƙasa wanda ya taimaka wajen dunkulewar duniya baki ɗaya, wasan kurket ya yi kama da sauyin yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa na Indiya. Ta hanyar mayar da wani wasa mai daraja zuwa wani abu da jama'a za su iya samu, wasan ya sake maimaita sauye-sauyen zamantakewa tare da karuwar matsakaicin matsayi. Kurket ya zama wani jirgin ruwa na motsa jiki na zamantakewa kuma yana ba da damammaki da bege ga mutane a faɗin Indiya ba tare da la'akari da addininsu, ƙabilarsu, ko matsayinsu na zamantakewa ba. Da karuwar shaharar da wasan ya samu a Indiya, musamman a shekarun 1980, gidajen talabijin na tauraron dan adam na duniya sun fara watsa shirye-shiryen wasan kurket saboda masu sauraronsa a duniya da kuma sabuwar kasuwar masu kallo a Indiya. Domin tabbatar da matsayinsu, waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa sun yi shawarwari kan haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye tare da Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) wanda ya bai wa BCCI dukiya mai yawa wanda ya ƙara taimakawa wajen haɓaka wasan kurket a duniya. Baya ga yaɗuwarta ta hanyar talabijin, haɗakarta ta duniya tana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙaruwar masu sayayya a Indiya. Yayin da wasan ya fara samun karbuwa a Indiya a shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, Indiya ta fuskanci karuwar tallace-tallacen talabijin da na allunan talla cikin sauri. Sakamakon haka, ya zama ruwan dare ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da 'yan wasan kurket daban-daban su tallata kayayyaki daban-daban na masu amfani wanda ya taimaka wajen haɓaka duniya. === ƙarni na 21 === [[File:Sachin_Tendulkar_at_MRF_Promotion_Event.jpg|left|thumb|199x199px| Sachin Tendulkar yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan kurket a kowane lokaci. Ana kiransa da 'Allahn Kurket'.]] Sachin Tendulkar yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan membobin ƙungiyar a tsakanin 1989 zuwa 2013 a cikin nau'ikan wasanni daban-daban. Tun daga shekarar 2000, ƙungiyar Indiya ta sami manyan ci gaba bayan naɗa John Wright, kocin ƙasar waje na farko a Indiya. Wannan naɗin ya samu nasara a duk faɗin duniya yayin da Indiya ta ci gaba da riƙe tarihinta na gida ba tare da an doke ta ba a wasanta da Australia a jerin Gwaji bayan ta doke ta a 2001 kuma ta lashe gasar ICC World Twenty20 a karon farko a 2007. Indiya ita ce kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko da ta yi nasara a gasar WACA a watan Janairun 2008 a kan Australia. Nasarar da Indiya ta samu a kan 'yan wasan Australiya a shekara ta 2001 ta nuna farkon zamanin mafarki ga ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kyaftin Sourav Ganguly, inda ta lashe wasannin Test a Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies da Ingila. Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya tare da Sri Lanka a gasar ICC Champions Cup kuma ta kai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta 2003, sai dai Australia ta doke ta. A watan Satumba na 2007, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta farko da aka gudanar a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Pakistan da ci 5 a wasan karshe mai kayatarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Final: India v Pakistan at Johannesburg, Sep 24, 2007. Cricket Scorecard |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/engine/match/287879.html |access-date=2013-10-21 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket a shekarar 2011 a karkashin jagorancin Mahendra Singh Dhoni, <ref name="SC" /> karo na farko tun 1983 (shekaru 28) - sun doke Sri Lanka a wasan karshe da aka gudanar a filin wasa na Wankhede da ke Mumbai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Team India at T20 Cricket World Cup |url=http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307022723/http://www.cricketworldcupinformation.com/2014/08/team-india-at-cricket-world-cup.html |archive-date=7 March 2018 |access-date=6 April 2018 |website=www.cricketworldcupinformation.com}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai a shekarar 2013 ta hanyar doke Ingila a Ingila. Indiya ta buga wasan gwaji na 500 da New Zealand wanda Kane Williamson ya jagoranta a Kanpur daga 22 zuwa 26 ga Satumba 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full Scorecard of India vs New Zealand 1st Test 2016/17 - Score Report .com |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/nz-tour-of-india-2016-17-1030193/india-vs-new-zealand-1st-test-1030213/full-scorecard |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> Indiya ta lashe wannan wasan da maki 197. Virat Kohli ya jagoranci Indiya a wannan gwajin. A ranar 29 ga Yuni 2024, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 ta 2024 ta hanyar doke Afirka ta Kudu a wasan karshe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India seal T20 World Cup glory after epic duel against South Africa |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629191653/https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/t20cricketworldcup/news/live-india-and-south-africa-face-off-in-t20-world-cup-final |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2024 |title=India wins men's T20 World Cup, defeating South Africa in dramatic final |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/29/sport/india-south-africa-t20-mens-world-cup-final-spt-intl/index.html |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Sun zama ƙungiya ta uku bayan Ingila da West Indies da suka lashe kofin sau biyu, kuma ita ce ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar ba tare da an doke ta ba. A ranar 9 ga Maris 2025, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Turai na 2025 ba tare da an doke ta ba. Ƙungiyar ta doke New Zealand a wasan ƙarshe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Liew |first=Jonathan |date=9 March 2025 |title=India see off New Zealand to complete clinical Champions Trophy triumph |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/mar/09/india-new-zealand-champions-trophy-final-match-report |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Wannan shi ne karo na uku a jere da Indiya ta buga wasan karshe a gasar, haka kuma karo na hudu a jere da ICC ta buga wasan karshe. Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe gasar sau uku. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Indiya ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta Cricket, inda ta doke Afirka ta Kudu da ci 52 a wasan karshe a filin wasa na DY Patil da ke Navi Mumbai . A wasan kusa da na karshe, sun bi sahun babbar manufa ta gudu 339 da Australia, wanda kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girman nasarar tsere a tarihin ODI na Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=India stun Australia in record chase to reach final |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c629qv19g0ro}}</ref> An yi bikin wannan nasara sosai a faɗin Indiya kuma an amince da ita a matsayin wani muhimmin lokaci ga wasan kurket na mata a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hit for six: why India's Women's Cricket World Cup win is victory for equality |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/nov/07/india-women-cricket-world-cup-win-victory-equality}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='We were waiting for this moment' - India wins Women's Cricket World Cup for first time |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/02/sport/india-cricket-womenn-world-cup-intl-hnk#:~:text=India%20won%20the%20Women's%20Cricket,Deepti%20Sharma%20and%20Shafali%20Verma}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta T20 ta shekarar 2026, Indiya ta doke New Zealand a wasan karshe . Wannan ya sanya Indiya ta zama ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20 a jere (2024 da 2026), kuma ta lashe kofuna uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta T20. ==Gudanarwa== '''Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya''' ('''BCCI''') ita ce babbar hukumar ƙasa da ke kula da wasan kurket a Indiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24861269/bcci-covered-india-right-information-rti-act-rules-top-appellate-body|title=BCCI covered under Australia's Right to Information Act, rules top appellate body|access-date=2 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002152001/http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24861269/bcci-covered-india-right-information-rti-act-rules-top-appellate-body|archive-date=2 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hedikwatarta tana a Cibiyar Kurket da ke Filin Wasan Wankhede, Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |title=Board of Control for Cricket in India, About us|url=https://www.bcci.tv/about/contact-us |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=www.bcci.tv |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517071725/https://www.bcci.tv/about/contact-us |url-status=live}}</ref> BCCI ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kurket mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2023 |title=Explained: ... board set to earn per ICC revenue ... |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/icc-revenue-share-model-2024-27-each-board-bcci-ecb-ca-pcb |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=23 March 2025 |website=Wisden}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI spearheading Covid-hit world? Listing revenues of top 10 richest cricket boards in 2021. |work=Times Now |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/bcci-spearheading-covid-hit-world-listing-revenues-of-top-10-richest-cricket-boards-in/763329 |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120112022/https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/bcci-spearheading-covid-hit-world-listing-revenues-of-top-10-richest-cricket-boards-in/763329 |archive-date=20 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI among the richest sporting bodies, boasts 5,300 crore revenue |newspaper=Financial Express |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/bcci-among-richest-sporting-bodies-boasts-of-rs5300-crore-revenue/1012016/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjJi-iw6Kb0AhVqwTgGHVYICCAQFnoECBYQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3xVKgKOJZn9BIpB_kOUEc5 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529175305/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/bcci-among-richest-sporting-bodies-boasts-of-rs5300-crore-revenue/1012016/%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjJi-iw6Kb0AhVqwTgGHVYICCAQFnoECBYQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3xVKgKOJZn9BIpB_kOUEc5/ |url-status=live}}</ref> BCCI tana shiga cikin bunƙasa ƙwarewar ’yan wasa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen matakin tushe da makarantun koyar da wasan kurket. Shirye-shiryenta sun haɗa da bunƙasa ababen more rayuwa, horarwa, da shirye-shiryen jin daɗin ’yan wasa waɗanda aka tsara domin kiyaye da kuma inganta matsayin Indiya na fafatawa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. An kafa BCCI a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1928 a tsohuwar Madras (yanzu Chennai) ƙarƙashin Dokar XXI ta shekarar 1860 ta Madras, sannan daga baya aka sake yi mata rajista ƙarƙashin Dokar Rajistar Ƙungiyoyin Tamil Nadu ta shekarar 1975.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://documents.bcci.tv/documents/bcci/documents/1638281851_BCCI-%20Constitution-.pdf|title=BCCI Constitution|page=16|access-date=1 November 2023}}</ref> Ƙungiya ce da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi waɗanda ke zaɓar wakilansu, waɗanda kuma ke zaɓar shugaban BCCI. Ta shiga Taron Kurket na Daular a shekarar 1926, wanda daga baya ya zama Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa (ICC). BCCI ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta ƙarƙashin ikon Ƙungiyar Wasanni ta Ƙasa ta Indiya ta Gwamnatin Indiya, kuma ba ta karɓar tallafi daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Matasa da Wasanni. BCCI tana da tasiri a wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life changing... |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/life-changing-womens-premier-league-teams-sold-for-806-million-ahead-of-inaugural-tournament/news-story/f6fe3556d127bd40ae68046f47ff0711 |website=Fox sports Australia |date=25 January 2023 |access-date=6 February 2023 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206104649/https://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/life-changing-womens-premier-league-teams-sold-for-806-million-ahead-of-inaugural-tournament/news-story/f6fe3556d127bd40ae68046f47ff0711 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Krishna B |first=Venkata |title=BCCI comes under NADA code, but not National Sports Federation yet |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/aug/10/bcci-comes-under-nada-code-but-not-national-sports-federation-yet-2016906.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129075418/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/aug/10/bcci-comes-under-nada-code-but-not-national-sports-federation-yet-2016906.html |archive-date=29 November 2021 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=The New Indian Express|date=10 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BCCI monopoly... |website=The Hindu |date=26 January 2015 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/BCCI-monopoly-and-judicial-review/article62119580.ece/ |access-date=1 October 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001072439/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/BCCI-monopoly-and-judicial-review/article62119580.ece/amp/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa tana raba mafi girman kaso na kuɗaɗen shigarta da BCCI. Gasar Premier ta Indiya (IPL), wadda BCCI ke gudanarwa, na ɗaya daga cikin gasannin wasanni mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Explained. The IPL business model and how it compares to sports leagues globally |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/explained-the-ipl-business-model-and-how-it-compares-to-sports-leagues-globally/article65547025.ece |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=The Hindu |date=24 June 2022 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415160141/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/explained-the-ipl-business-model-and-how-it-compares-to-sports-leagues-globally/article65547025.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasar Indiya tana ƙarƙashin Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI), kuma mamba ce ta Majalisar Kurket ta Asiya (ACC). Tun daga shekarar 1926, BCCI tana da alaƙa da ICC, wato hukumar ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kula da wasan kurket na duniya. A shekarar 1983, BCCI ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ACC. ===Ayyuka=== Jerin da ke ƙasa ya ƙunshi ayyukan dukkan ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na ƙasar Indiya a manyan gasa. ====Ƙungiyar manyan maza==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta Indiya tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket da suka fi samun nasara a duniya, inda ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket sau 2, Kofin Duniya na T20 sau 3, Champions Trophy sau 3, sannan ta zo matsayi na biyu sau biyu a Gasar Gwajin Duniya. [[File:Tendulkar closup.jpg|thumb|right|Tendulkar, lokacin da ya kai ƙarni na 38 a Test da Australia a Test na 2 a SCG a shekarar 2008, inda ya kammala wasan bai fita ba da runs 154]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Men's Cricket World Cup || 4 out of 13 || 2023 ||{{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (1983, 2011)}} |- | ICC Men's T20 World Cup || 4 out of 10 || 2026 || {{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (2007, 2024, 2026)}} |- | ICC Champions Trophy|| 5 out of 9 || 2025|| {{sort|2|'''Zakarun''' (2002, 2013, 2025)}} |- | ICC World Test Championship|| 2 out of 3 || 2023–25 || {{sort|2|Masu matsayi na biyu (2019–21, 2021–23)}} |- | Asia Cup || 12 out of 17 || 2025 || {{sort|9|'''Zakarun''' (1984, 1988, 1990–1991, 1995, 2010, 2016, 2018, 2023, 2025)}} |- | Commonwealth Games|| 0 out of 1 || 1998 || {{sort|1|Matakin rukuni (1998)}} |- | Asian Games|| 1 out of 3 || 2022 || {{sort|1|'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' (2022)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar manyan mata==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata sau ɗaya a shekarar 2025, sannan ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na T20 na Mata sau ɗaya a shekarar 2020. [[File:Indian Batswoman at Cricket Worlds Cup 2010.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Ɗan wasan batting na Indiya a Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata na shekarar 2010]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Women's Cricket World Cup || 3 out of 13 || 2025 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2025)}} |- | ICC Women's T20 World Cup || 1 out of 9 || 2024 || {{sort|1|Masu matsayi na biyu (2020)}} |- | Women's Asia Cup || 8 out of 10 || 2026 || {{sort|8| '''Zakarun''' (2004, 2005-2006, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2022, 2026)}} |- | Commonwealth Games || 1 out of 1 || 2022 || {{sort|1| Lambar yabo ta azurfa (2022)}} |- | Asian Games || 1 out of 3 || 2022 || {{sort|1|'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' (2022)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar maza ta A==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup || 3 out of 6 || 2024 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2013)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar mata ta A==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar<br />a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup || 1 out of 1 || 2023 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2023)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar maza 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup || 10 out of 16 || 2026 || {{sort|5|'''Zakarun''' (2000, 2008, 2012, 2018, 2022, 2026)}} |- | ACC Under-19 Asia Cup || 9 out of 11 || 2024 || {{sort|8|'''Zakarun''' (1989, 2003, 2012, 2013–14, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021)}} |} ====Ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19==== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Gasa ! data-sort-type="number"|Bayyanar a wasan ƙarshe ! Bayyanar<br />ta ƙarshe ! Mafi kyawun<br />sakamako |- | Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup || 2 out of 2 || 2025 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2023, 2025)}} |- | Under-19 Women's T20 Asia Cup || 1 out of 1 || 2024 || {{sort|1|'''Zakarun''' (2024)}} |} ==Ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi da gasa masu alaƙa== Mambobin Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya sun ƙunshi cikakkun mambobi da mambobin haɗin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite book |title=BCCI Constitution PDF Archived |url=http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127035803/http://relaunch-live.s3.amazonaws.com/cms/documents/58cd5b0aa29c3-BCCI%20Constitution%20as%20Finalized%20by%20COA.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=constitution2022>{{cite book |title=BCCI Constitution |url=https://bcciplayerimages.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/bcci/documents/1638281851_BCCI-%20Constitution-.pdf |publisher=BCCI |access-date=20 September 2022 |date=2018}}</ref> === Cikakkun mambobi === Mafi yawan cikakkun mambobin ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi ne waɗanda ke da alaƙa da BCCI. Ana ba kowace jiha damar samun wakili guda ɗaya, ban da Gujarat da Maharashtra, waɗanda ke da wakilai uku kowacce. Haka kuma akwai ƙarin wakilai daga Railways ta Indiya, Services da Jami'o'in Indiya. Sauye-sauyen da Kwamitin Lodha ya ba da shawara, kamar takaita cikakken mambanci ga ƙungiyoyin jihohi da kuma takaita kowace jiha zuwa cikakken mamba guda ɗaya (sauran su zama mambobin haɗin gwiwa)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Menon |first1=Suresh |title=Wisden India Almanack 2017 |date=23 February 2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9789385936500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqcoDgAAQBAJ}}</ref> ba BCCI ta aiwatar da su gaba ɗaya ba. Mambobin da suke da cikakken mambanci sun ci gaba da riƙe shi, ban da Cricket Club of India (Mumbai) da National Cricket Club (Kolkata).<ref name=supremecourt2018/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Lamba !Suna !Wakilci !Shugaba !Yanki |- |1 |Andhra Cricket Association |Andhra Pradesh |P. Sarath Chandra Reddy |South |- |2 |Arunachal Cricket Association |Arunachal Pradesh |T. C. Tok |North East |- |3 |Assam Cricket Association |Assam |Taranga Gogoi |East |- |4 |Baroda Cricket Association |Vadodara |Pranav Amin |West |- |5 |Bihar Cricket Association |Bihar |Rakesh Kumar Tiwary |East |- |6 |Chhattisgarh State Cricket Sangh |Chhattisgarh |Jubin Shah |Central |- |7 |Cricket Association of Bengal |West Bengal |Snehasish Ganguly |East |- |8 |Cricket Association of Mizoram |Mizoram |Lalrochhuanga Pachuau |North East |- |9 |Cricket Association of Pondicherry<ref>{{cite news |title=Cricket Association of Pondicherry is a Full Member of BCCI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/cricket-association-of-pondicherry-is-a-full-member-of-bcci/article28563744.ece |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=18 July 2019}}</ref> |Puducherry |G.M. Arunkumar |South |- |10 |Cricket Association of Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand |Jot Singh Gunsola |Central |- |11 |Delhi & District Cricket Association |Delhi |Rohan Jaitley |North |- |12 |Goa Cricket Association |Goa |Vipul Phadke |South |- |13 |Gujarat Cricket Association |Gujarat<br>{{small|(ban da Saurashtra da Vadodara)}} |Dhanraj Nathwani |West |- |14 |Haryana Cricket Association |Haryana |Paramjit Mann |North |- |15 |Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association |Himachal Pradesh |Arun Dhumal |North |- |16 |Hyderabad Cricket Association |Telangana |Jagan Mohan Rao |South |- |17 |Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association |Jammu and Kashmir |Anil Gupta |North |- |18 |Jharkhand State Cricket Association |Jharkhand |Sanjay Sahay |East |- |19 |Karnataka State Cricket Association |Karnataka |Venkatesh Prasad |South |- |20 |Kerala Cricket Association |Kerala |Jayesh George |South |- |21 |Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association |Madhya Pradesh |Abhilash Khandekar |Central |- |22 |Maharashtra Cricket Association |Maharashtra<br>{{small|(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)}} |Rohit Rajendra Pawar |West |- |23 |Manipur Cricket Association |Manipur |Nongthombam Zico Meetei |North East |- |24 |Meghalaya Cricket Association |Meghalaya |Danny Marak |North East |- |25 |Mumbai Cricket Association |Mumbai |Amol Kale |West |- |26 |Nagaland Cricket Association |Nagaland |Kechangulie Rio |North East |- |27 |Odisha Cricket Association |Odisha |Pranab Prakash Das |East |- |28 |Punjab Cricket Association |Punjab |Gulzar Inder Chahal |North |- |29 |Railways Sports Promotion Board |Indian Railways |D. K. Gayen |Central |- |30 |Rajasthan Cricket Association |Rajasthan |Vaibhav Gahlot |Central |- |31 |Saurashtra Cricket Association |Saurashtra |Jaydev Shah |West |- |32 |Services Sports Control Board |Indian Armed Forces |Varun Singh |North |- |33 |Sikkim Cricket Association |Sikkim |Tika Subba |North East |- |34 |Tamil Nadu Cricket Association |Tamil Nadu |Dr. P. Ashok Sigamani |South |- |35 |Union Territory Cricket Association<ref name=chandigarh>{{cite web |title=Cricket Association of Uttarakhand gets BCCI membership |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/cricket-association-of-uttarakhand-gets-bcci-membership-1197461 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=21 September 2022 |date=14 August 2019}}</ref> |Chandigarh |{{center|-}} |North |- |36 |Tripura Cricket Association |Tripura |Tapan Lodh |East |- |37 |Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association |Uttar Pradesh |Dr. Nidhipati Singhania |Central |- |38 |Vidarbha Cricket Association |Vidarbha |Vinay Deshpande |Central |} === Mambobin haɗin gwiwa === Dukkan mambobin da ba su cika ƙa'idojin cikakkun mambobi ba ana rarraba su a matsayin mambobin haɗin gwiwa. Sun haɗa da: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Lamba !Suna !Wakilci !Shugaba !Yanki |- |1 |Association of Indian Universities |Indian Universities |Vinay Kumar Pathak |{{center|–}} |- |2 |Cricket Club of India<ref name=supremecourt2018>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court approves new BCCI constitution, with a couple of key tweaks |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/supreme-court-approves-new-bcci-constitution-with-a-couple-of-key-tweaks-1154796 |access-date=2022-09-20 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name=supremecourt2022>{{cite news |title=Decoded: What does SC verdict on BCCI's new constitutional amendments mean? |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/sports/explained-supreme-court-s-verdict-on-bcci-s-new-constitutional-amendments-122091500971_1.html |access-date=20 September 2022 |work=Business Standard |date=15 September 2022}}</ref> |{{center|–}} |Madhumati Lele |{{center|–}} |} ==Jerin wasannin lig na jihohi da yankunan tarayya== === Lig-lig na yanzu === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Na maza |- !Jiha/Yankunan Tarayya !Lig !Farko !Matsayi !Na baya-bayan nan !ref |- |Assam |Assam Premier League |2026 |{{Active}} |- |Andhra Pradesh |Andhra Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 | |- |{{flagicon image|Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png}} Chhattisgarh |Chhattisgarh Cricket Premier League | |{{Active}} | | |- |Jharkhand |Jharkhand T20 League |2026 |{{Active}} | | |- |{{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} Kerala |Kerala Cricket League |2024 |{{Active}} | | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Karnataka.svg}} Karnataka |Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} Madhya Pradesh |Madhya Pradesh League |2024 |{{Active}} | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} Maharashtra <small>(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)</small> |Maharashtra Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2025 |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Odisha.svg}} Odisha |Odisha Pro T20 League |- |{{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}} Punjab |Sher-E-Punjab T20 League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |{{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}} Tamil Nadu |Tamil Nadu Premier League |- |Telangana |TG20 |2026 |{{Active}} |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttarakhand.svg}} Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand Premier League |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} Uttar Pradesh |UP T20 League |2023 |{{Active}} |- |West Bengal |Bengal Pro T20 League |2024 |{{Active}} |2026 |- ! colspan="6" |Lig-lig na yankunan tarayya |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}} Delhi |Delhi Premier League T20 |2024 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |{{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} Puducherry |Pondicherry Premier League |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- ! colspan="6" |Sauran lig-lig |- |Mumbai {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Mumbai na Maharashtra.}} |T20 Mumbai |2023 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Vadodara {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vadodara na Gujarat.}} |Baroda Premier League |2025 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Vidarbha {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vidarbha na Maharashtra.}} |Vidarbha Premier League |2025 |{{Active}} |2026 |- |Saurashtra {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Saurashtra na Gujarat.}} |Saurashtra Pro T20 League |- |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Na mata |- !Jiha/Yankunan Tarayya ! Lig !Matsayi !Farko !Na baya-bayan nan !ref |- |Delhi |Women's Delhi Premier League T20 |- |Madhya Pradesh |- |Maharashtra |Women's Maharashtra Premier League |- |West Bengal |Women's Bengal Pro T20 League |- ||Uttarakhand |Women's Uttarakhand Premier League |- |Vidarbha |} ===Lig na gaba=== {| class="wikitable" !Jiha !Matsayi |- |Arunachal Pradesh | |- |Bihar |- |Goa |- |Gujrat |- |Haryana |- |Himachal Pradesh |- |Manipur |- |Meghalaya |- |Mizoram |- |Nagaland |- |Rajasthan |- |Sikkim |- |Tripura |} === Lig-lig da aka daina === {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px;" width="100%;" !Lig !Jiha !Shekaru !Bayanan kula |- |Rajasthan Premier League |Rajasthan |2023 | |- |Saurashtra Premier League | |} ==Tsarin shirya wasan kurket a Indiya ta zamani== ===Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa=== Wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya gabaɗaya ba ya bin tsayayyen tsari, sabanin jadawalin Ingila inda Ingila ke zuwa wasu ƙasashe a lokacin hunturu kuma ta buga wasanni a gida a lokacin bazara. Gabaɗaya, a baya-bayan nan an samu ɗabi'ar buga wasannin kwana ɗaya da yawa fiye da wasannin Test. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ce ke gudanar da wasan kurket a Indiya, kuma ita ce hukumar wasan kurket mafi arziki a duniya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Complimentary passes restricted for Delhi Test|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india-v-south-africa-2015-16/content/story/942807.html|access-date=12 December 2015|work=ESPNcricinfo|date=21 November 2015}}</ref> ==== Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta maza ==== Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Ƙasar Indiya tana wakiltar Indiya a wasannin kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa. [[File:Wicketkeeping kit and bat of MS Dhoni at Blades of Glory Cricket Museum, Pune.jpg|thumb|Kayan wicket-keeping da jemage da Dhoni ya yi amfani da su a lokacin Kofin Duniya na Kurket na 2011, ana nuna su a Blades of Glory Cricket Museum]] Indiya ta fara shiga wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga shekarar 1926, kuma ta fara fafatawa a gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga Kofin Duniya na Kurket na farko a shekarar 1975. Ta fafata a gasa da dama tsawon shekaru, ciki har da gasannin ACC. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta ƙasar Indiya ta kuma samar da wasu daga cikin manyan ’yan wasan kurket a duniya, wanda babban misali shi ne Sachin Tendulkar. Wasan kurket na Indiya yana da dogon tarihi. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ƙasa ta maza ta Indiya tana matsayi na 1 a Test, matsayi na 1 a ODI, da matsayi na 1 a T20I. Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket a shekarar 1983 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kapil Dev, sannan ta sake lashe shi a shekarar 2011 ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mahendra Singh Dhoni, bayan shekaru 28 ba tare da lashe kofin ba. Haka kuma ta lashe World Championship of Cricket a shekarar 1985. *'''Test'''- [[File:CK Nayudu 1930s.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|C. K. Nayudu, kyaftin na farko na Indiya a wasan kurket na Test]] An gayyaci Indiya zuwa Majalisar Kurket ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa a shekarar 1926, kuma ta fara buga Test a matsayin ƙasa mai buga Test a Ingila a shekarar 1932, ƙarƙashin jagorancin CK Nayudu, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan batting na Indiya a lokacin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |title=History of the Imperial Cricket Conference |work=ICC |access-date=21 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060321214929/http://www.icc-cricket.com/about/1909-1963.html |archive-date=21 March 2006}}</ref> An buga wasan Test ɗaya tilo tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu a Lord's da ke London. Ƙungiyar ba ta da ƙarfi wajen batting<ref>{{Cite web |title=On this day in 1932, India played its first-ever Test match |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=20 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320065716/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/on-this-day-in-1932-india-played-its-first-ever-test-match20220625101205/ |url-status=live}}</ref> a wannan lokacin, kuma daga baya ta sha kashi da runs 158.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/| title=India in England, 1932| work=ESPNcricinfo| access-date=8 March 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061225022912/http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1930S/1932/IND_IN_ENG/| archive-date=25 December 2006| url-status=live}}</ref> Indiya ta karɓi bakuncin jerin wasannin Test na maza na farko a shekarar 1933. Ingila ce ƙungiyar baƙon da ta buga Test biyu a Bombay (yanzu Mumbai) da Calcutta (yanzu Kolkata). Baƙin sun lashe jerin wasannin da ci 2–0. Ƙungiyar Indiya ta ci gaba da inganta a cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, amma ba ta samu nasarar ƙasa da ƙasa ba a wannan lokacin. A farkon shekarun 1940, Indiya ba ta buga wasan kurket na Test na maza ba saboda Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Jerin wasannin farko na ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta ya kasance a ƙarshen shekarar 1947 da ƙungiyar Australia ta Don Bradman. Wannan shi ne kuma jerin wasannin Test na farko da Indiya ta buga wanda ba da Ingila ba. Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta maza ta Australia ta lashe jerin wasanni biyar da ci 4–0, inda Bradman ya wahalar da ’yan wasan bowling na Indiya a lokacin bazararsa ta ƙarshe a Australia.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/| title = India in Australia, 1948| work = ESPNcricinfo| access-date = 8 March 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060509070811/http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1940S/1947-48/IND_IN_AUS/| archive-date = 9 May 2006| url-status = live}}</ref> *'''One Day International'''- [[File:President Giani Zail Singh receiving the Indian cricket team after the World Cup victory.jpg|thumb|Dev tare da Shugaban Indiya Zail Singh bayan dawowar ƙungiyar zuwa Indiya bayan lashe Kofin Duniya. Suna riƙe da Kofin Kofin Duniya na Kurket.]] Bayyanar wasan kurket na maza na One Day International (ODI) a shekarar 1971 ya samar da sabon salo a duniyar wasan kurket. Sai dai, ba a ɗauki Indiya a matsayin ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a ODI a wannan lokacin ba, kuma an san ’yan wasan batting kamar kyaftin Gavaskar da salon taka-tsantsan wajen batting. Indiya ta fara ne a matsayin ƙungiya mai rauni a ODI, kuma ba ta samu cancantar shiga zagaye na biyu ba a bugu biyu na farko na Kofin Duniya na Kurket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html|title=Team India on the brink of ODI record at Vizag, remain torchbearers of 50-over format|access-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/team-india-on-the-brink-of-odi-record-at-vizag-remain-torchbearers-of-50-over-format/story-B1DIaBOhWX4DP2chPHzk6M.html|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=live|date=23 October 2018}}</ref> Gavaskar ya shahara da toshe hanyarsa zuwa 36 not out daga cikin ƙwallaye 174 a kan Ingila a Kofin Duniya na farko a shekarar 1975; Indiya ta ci 132/3 kacal kuma ta sha kashi da runs 202.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sunny's World Cup go-slow|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411|access-date=6 January 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/sunil-gavaskar-s-indian-world-cup-go-slow-500411|url-status=live}}</ref> Akasin haka, Indiya tana da ƙungiya mai ƙarfi a wasannin Test, kuma ta fi ƙarfi musamman a gida, inda haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun ’yan wasan batting da ƙwararrun ’yan wasan spin bowling ke yin iya ƙoƙarinsu. Indiya ta kafa rikodin Test a lokacin a Test na uku da West Indies a Port-of-Spain a shekarar 1976, lokacin da ta bi target na 403 domin yin nasara, godiya ga runs 112 na Viswanath.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127|title=When India successfully chased a 400-plus target against West Indies to change world cricket forever|date=12 April 2013 |access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416091541/https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/when-india-successfully-chased-a-400-plus-target-against-the-west-indies-to-change-world-cricket-forever-25127|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 1976, ƙungiyar ta kafa wani rikodin ta hanyar ci 524/9 declared a kan New Zealand a Kanpur ba tare da wani ɗan wasan batting guda ɗaya ya ci century ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825|title=Most run-outs, and the lowest score never made|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114170548/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/most-run-outs-and-the-lowest-score-never-made-139825|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan innings shi ne misali na takwas kacal a wasan Test inda dukkan ’yan wasa 11 suka kai double figures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Records. Test matches. Team records. Most batters reaching double figures in an innings|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html|access-date=6 January 2022|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106022910/https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283056.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1980, Indiya ta samar da jerin ’yan wasan batting masu kai hari sosai, tare da ’yan wasan da suka ƙware wajen buga stroke kamar Mohammad Azharuddin, Dilip Vengsarkar da kuma ’yan wasan da ke yin abubuwa da dama Kapil Dev da Ravi Shastri. Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Kurket a shekarar 1983, inda ta doke West Indies, waɗanda aka fi ganin za su yi nasara kuma suka kasance zakarun kare kambunsu sau biyu, a wasan ƙarshe a Lord's, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan aikin bowling. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta yi rashin kyau a wasannin Test, ciki har da wasannin Test 28 a jere ba tare da samun nasara ba. A shekarar 1984, Indiya ta lashe Asia Cup, sannan a shekarar 1985 ta lashe World Championship of Cricket a Australia. Ban da wannan, Indiya ta kasance ƙungiya mai rauni a wajen yankin ƙasashen Indiya. Nasarar Indiya a jerin wasannin Test na shekarar 1986 a kan Ingila ita ce nasarar jerin wasannin Test ta ƙarshe da Indiya ta samu a wajen yankin ƙasashen Indiya na tsawon shekaru 19 masu zuwa. A shekarun 1980, Gavaskar da Kapil Dev (mafi kyawun ɗan wasa mai yin abubuwa da dama na Indiya har zuwa wannan lokacin) sun kasance a kololuwar sana'o'insu. Gavaskar ya kafa rikodin Test na ƙarni 34, inda ya zama mutum na farko da ya kai alamar runs 10,000. Daga baya Kapil Dev ya zama wanda ya fi kowa wickets a wasan kurket na Test, da wickets 434. *'''T20 International'''- Indiya ta buga T20 International na farko a shekarar 2006 da South Africa. A watan Satumba 2007, Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na ICC Men's T20 na farko da aka gudanar a South Africa, inda ta doke Pakistan da runs biyar a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/on-this-day-in-2007-india-clinched-inaugural-icc-t20-world-cup/articleshow/94416092.cms|title=On this day in 2007, India clinched inaugural ICC T20 World Cup|newspaper=The Times of India|date=24 September 2022|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=27 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427193425/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-mens-t20-world-cup/on-this-day-in-2007-india-clinched-inaugural-icc-t20-world-cup/articleshow/94416092.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A Kofin Duniya na ICC Men's World Twenty20 na shekarar 2014 da aka gudanar a Bangladesh, Indiya ta kusa sake samun wani kofin ICC, amma ta sha kashi a hannun Sri Lanka a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html|title=On This Day in 2014: Sri Lanka Won the T20 World Cup Beating India in the Final|access-date=16 April 2023|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416035754/https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/on-this-day-in-2014-sri-lanka-won-the-t20-world-cup-beating-india-in-the-final-4942574.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta mata ==== Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta ƙasar Indiya tana wakiltar Indiya a wasannin kurket na mata na ƙasa da ƙasa. [[File:Mithali Raj Truro 2012.jpg|thumb|233x233px|Mithali Raj ita ce wadda ta fi yawan runs a wasan kurket na mata na ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref name="Raj-leading">{{cite web |title=Record-setting Raj top of the women's charts |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713013557/http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-womens-world-cup-2017/content/story/1110610.html |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Raj-6000">{{cite web |title=Mithali Raj becomes leading run-scorer in women's ODI cricket; surpasses England's Charlotte Edwards |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |work=Indian Express |date=12 July 2017 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713204545/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/mithali-raj-becomes-leading-run-scorer-in-womens-odi-cricket-surpasses-englands-charlotte-edwards-4747402/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Indiya ta shiga wasan kurket na ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga shekarar 1976, kuma ta fara fafatawa a gasar ƙasa da ƙasa tun daga bugu na biyu na Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata a shekarar 1978. Ta fafata a gasa da dama tsawon shekaru, ciki har da gasannin ACC. Ita ce ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata mafi nasara a Asiya. A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ƙasa ta mata ta Indiya tana matsayi na 4 a ODI da matsayi na 3 a T20I. *'''Test International'''- Indiya ta fara buga Test a matsayin ƙasa mai buga Test a shekarar 1976 da West Indies. A baya, matan Indiya ba sa yawan buga Test kuma suna samun nasara a cikinsu. Amma a shekarun baya-bayan nan suna ƙara buga wasannin Test kuma suna samun nasara a cikinsu. *'''One Day International'''- Indiya ta buga ODI International na farko a shekarar 1978 da Ingila. Ba ta samu damar shiga bugu na farko na Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata ba. Amma a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na ODI a jere, kuma a Kofin Duniya na Kurket na Mata na shekarar 2017 ta kusa lashe kambun a wasan ƙarshe. *'''T20 International'''- Indiya ta buga T20 International na farko a shekarar 2006 da Ingila. Matan Indiya sun yi babban tasiri a T20 International tun farkon wannan tsarin. Sun kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin Duniya na ICC na Mata a jere a bugu biyu na farko. ===Wasan kurket na cikin gida=== ====Wasan kurket na cikin gida na maza==== =====Gasa ta First-class===== * '''Ranji Trophy''' – An kafa ta da sunan 'Cricket Championship of India' a wani taro na Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya a watan Yulin 1934. Wasannin Ranji Trophy na farko sun gudana a kakar 1934–35. Syed Mohammed Hadi na Hyderabad shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da ya ci century a gasar. H. H. Sir Bhupendra Singh Mahinder Baha-dur, Maharajah na Patiala, ne ya bayar da kofin don tunawa da marigayi Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji na Nawanagar, wanda aka fi sani da Ranjitsinhji. A mafi yawancin lokuta, Ranji Trophy ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar jihohin da suka haɗa Indiya. Yawan ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa ya ƙaru tsawon shekaru. Wasu jihohi suna da ƙungiyar wasan kurket fiye da ɗaya, kamar Maharashtra da Gujarat. Haka kuma akwai ƙungiyoyin Railways da Services da ke wakiltar rundunonin tsaro. A da ana rarraba ƙungiyoyin zuwa yankuna – Arewa, Yamma, Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudu – kuma ana buga wasannin farko bisa tsarin lig a cikin yankunan. Ƙungiyoyi biyu mafiya matsayi har zuwa 1991–92, sannan ƙungiyoyi uku mafiya matsayi a kowace zone a shekarun da suka biyo baya, suna shiga gasar knockout ta ƙasa. Tun daga kakar 2002–03, an yi watsi da tsarin yankuna kuma aka amince da tsarin rukuni biyu, inda ƙungiyoyi biyu ake ɗaukaka daga plate league, sannan ƙungiyoyi biyu ake mayar da su ƙasa daga elite league. Idan ba a kammala wasannin knockout ba, ana yanke hukunci bisa jagorancin innings na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Ranji Trophy? Definition of Ranji Trophy, Ranji Trophy Meaning |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/ranji-trophy |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=The Economic Times |language=en}}</ref> *'''Duleep Trophy''' – An sanya wa Duleep Trophy suna ne bayan Duleepsinhji. Gasar Duleep Trophy, wadda gasa ce ta First-class, Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ta fara ta a shekarar 1961–62 da nufin samar da ƙarin gasa mai ƙarfi a wasan kurket na cikin gida, saboda ban da matakan knockout na Ranji Trophy, wannan gasar ta zama mai sauƙin hasashe, inda Bombay ke lashe Ranji Trophy tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar a jere. An kuma tsara Duleep Trophy domin taimaka wa masu zaɓe wajen tantance yanayin ƙwarewar manyan ’yan wasan kurket yayin da suke fafatawa da juna. Tsarin farko yana da ƙungiyoyi biyar, waɗanda aka ɗauko daga yankuna biyar (wato Arewa, Kudu, Gabas, Yamma da Tsakiya), kuma suna fafatawa da juna bisa tsarin knockout. Tun daga kakar 1993–94, an sauya gasar zuwa tsarin lig. *'''Irani Trophy''' – An tsara gasar Irani Trophy a kakar 1959–60 domin cika shekaru 25 da fara gasar Ranji Trophy, kuma an sanya mata suna bayan marigayi Z. R. Irani, wanda ya kasance tare da Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) tun kafuwarta a 1928 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1970, kuma ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan wasan. Wasan farko, tsakanin zakarun Ranji Trophy da Rest of India, an buga shi a 1959–60. A shekarun farko, ana buga shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa. Bayan an fahimci muhimmancin wasan, BCCI ta mayar da shi farkon kakar wasa. Tun daga 1965–66, ya kasance bisa al'ada yana sanar da fara sabuwar kakar wasan kurket ta cikin gida. Wasan Irani Trophy yana da babban matsayi wajen shahara da muhimmanci. Yana daga cikin ƴan wasannin cikin gida da masoyan wasan kurket a ƙasar ke bibiyar su sosai. Manyan ’yan wasa suna shiga wasan, wanda sau da yawa ya kasance kamar gwajin zaɓe domin zaɓar ƙungiyar Indiya da za ta yi balaguron ƙasashen waje. =====Gasa ta limited overs===== *'''Deodhar Trophy''' – Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ta fara ta a shekarar 1973–74, kuma gasa ce ta wasan kurket na kwana ɗaya a wasan kurket na cikin gida na Indiya. A da ƙungiyoyin yankuna biyar ne suke fafatawa – North zone, South zone, East zone, West zone da Central zone. Daga 2015–16 zuwa 2017–18, waɗanda suka fafata sun kasance waɗanda suka lashe Vijay Hazare Trophy, India A da India B. Tun daga 2018–19, tana ƙunshe da India A, India B da India C. *'''Vijay Hazare Trophy''' – An sanya wa kofin suna bayan shahararren ɗan wasan kurket na Indiya Vijay Hazare. An fara gasar a 2002–03 a ƙoƙarin kai wasan limited-overs ga mafi yawan masu kallo. Gasar ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin jihohi da sauran ƙungiyoyi daga Ranji Trophy waɗanda ke fafatawa a tsarin overs 50. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, Tamil Nadu da Mumbai ne suka lashe kofin mafi yawan lokuta (5). BCCI kuma tana kiranta da Premier Cup. =====Gasa ta Twenty20===== *'''Indian Premier League''' – A matsayin martani ga ƙungiyar Indian Cricket League (ICL) mai hamayya, BCCI ta fara gasar Twenty20 da aka sani da Indian Premier League (IPL), wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin ƙirƙirar Lalit Modi. BCCI ta ƙaddamar da wannan lig a 2007–08, kuma ta samu karɓuwa sosai a faɗin ƙasar. An zaɓi ’yan wasan ne ta hanyar gwanjon ’yan wasa, sannan aka sanya su cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke wakiltar birane. An gudanar da kakar IPL ta farko daga 18 Afrilu 2008 zuwa 1 Yuni 2008, inda Rajasthan Royals, wadda Shane Warne ke jagoranta, ta lashe kambun farko a filin wasa na DY Patil Stadium da ke Navi Mumbai<ref name="cricketnext1">{{cite web|url=http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407104821/http://cricketnext.in.com/foxhistory/t20_history.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-07 |title=T20 History: History of T20 Cricket |publisher=Cricketnext.in.com |access-date=2012-06-16}}</ref> Bisa alaƙar yankuna, gasar ƙungiyoyi takwas tana amfani da wani tsarin gwanjon ƙungiyoyi da ’yan wasa na musamman kuma mashahuri, inda ake zaɓar wasu daga cikin fitattun ’yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa a duniya tare da haɗa su da ’yan wasan Indiya, na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, a filin wasa guda. Jimillar kuɗin kyaututtukan IPL ya kasance dala miliyan 3.<ref name="cricketnext1"/> IPL ta kuma sanya wasan kurket ya yi kama da wasannin Amurka ta hanyar ƙara masu taya ƙungiyoyi murna da kuma samar da yanayin wasan da ke cike da ci gaba da motsi kamar yadda ake gani a wasannin wasanni a Amurka. Gasar IPL ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 10 daban-daban da ke wakiltar birane.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 19, 2022 |author=Shankar Raghuraman |title=IPL Playoffs 2022: KKR knocked out, who will join GT and LSG in the final four? - All playoffs possibilities in 6 points |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2022-kkr-knocked-out-who-will-join-gt-in-the-final-four-all-playoffs-possibilities-in-6-points/articleshow/91653975.cms |access-date=2022-05-23 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> *'''Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy''' – Bayan da Indiya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mambobin ICC Twenty20 kuma ta buga wasanta na farko na T20 na ƙasa da ƙasa da Afirka ta Kudu, BCCI ta ƙaddamar da nata tsarin na jihohi a kakar 2006–07, inda aka raba ƙungiyoyin Ranji 27 zuwa Zones 5. An buga wasan ƙarshe tsakanin Punjab da Tamil Nadu, inda ta ƙarshe ta yi nasara da wickets 2, saura kwallaye 2, kuma ta zama ƙungiya ɗaya tilo da ta taɓa lashe wannan jerin gasa. A wannan gasar, Rohit Sharma shi ma ya zama ɗan Indiya kaɗai da ya ci century a T20 a madadin Mumbai a kan Gujarat. Daga baya an maye gurbin gasar da IPL mai tsarin ƙungiyoyin franchise. An buga ta a karon farko a kakar 2008–09, kuma ita ce gasar T20 ta farko irin wannan ta yankuna da kuma ta uku gaba ɗaya a kakar wasan kurket ta Indiya, inda aka raba ƙungiyoyin Ranji bisa yankuna zuwa rukuni biyu, sannan gasar ta ƙare da wasan ƙarshe na All India T20 tsakanin waɗanda suka lashe rukunan biyu domin neman Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. An ƙaddamar da ita ne bayan nasarar IPL da kuma buƙatar BCCI na neman ƙarin ƙwarewa a yankunan da wasan kurket ke ƙaruwa. A shekarar 2020, an ga ƙarin halartar masu kallo fiye da sauran nau'o'in wasan. Jama'a sun yaba da ita sosai kuma ta samar da riba mai yawa. =====Gasa ta matasa===== *'''CK Nayudu Trophy''' - Gasa ce ta wasan kurket ta cikin gida da ake gudanarwa a Indiya tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙungiyoyin wasan kurket na jihohi da yankuna daban-daban. Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ce ke shirya ta, kuma an sanya mata suna bayan kyaftin ɗin farko na Indiya a Test cricket, C. K. Nayudu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raiji |first=Vasant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s7MyAAAAIAAJ&q=C.+K.+Nayudu+Trophy+under |title=C.K. Nayudu, the Shahenshah of Indian Cricket |date=1989 |publisher=Marine Sports |isbn=978-81-85361-00-0 |pages=62 |language=en |author-link=Vasant Raiji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhushan |first=Aditya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eiTyDwAAQBAJ&q=C.+K.+Nayudu+Trophy+under |title=A Colonel Destined To Lead |date=2019 |publisher=StoryMirror |isbn=978-93-87269-27-9 |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref> Ana buga kowane wasa na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. A tsawon tarihinta, an yi amfani da iyakokin shekaru daban-daban, ciki har da ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 22, 23 da 25. Zakarun yanzu su ne Gujarat, waɗanda suka doke Mumbai a wasan ƙarshe na 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mayure |first=Subodh |date=16 March 2023 |title=CK Nayudu Trophy final: Mumbai succumb to Gujarat in just 12 minutes |url=https://www.mid-day.com/sports/cricket/article/mumbai-succumb-to-gujarat-in-12-mins-23275511 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=Mid-Day |language=en}}</ref> *'''Mens Under-23 State A Trophy''' *'''Cooch Behar Trophy''' – Gasar wasannin kwana huɗu ce ta U-19 tsakanin jihohi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DDCA |url=https://ddca.in/view-scorecard/429 |website=DDCA}}</ref> *'''Vinoo Mankad Trophy''' – Gasar kofin ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 ce, don tunawa da shahararren ɗan wasan kurket Vinoo Mankad.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MCA :: Under-19 Vinoo Mankad Trophy 2023-2024 |url=https://www.mumbaicricket.com/mca/U19_Vinoo_Mankad_Trophy_2023_2024.php |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=www.mumbaicricket.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Jammu & Kashmir Cricket Association |url=https://jkca.tv/jkca-player/vinoo-mankad-trophy-u-19-one-day |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=jkca.tv}}</ref> ====Wasan kurket na cikin gida na mata==== =====Gasa ta First-class===== * '''Senior Women's Inter Zonal Multi-Day Trophy''' -Gasa ce ta wasan kurket na mata ta cikin gida ta First-class a Indiya wadda Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya ke shirya ta. Gasar ta fara ne a 2014–15 a matsayin gasar kwanaki biyu, sannan gasa uku da suka biyo baya a 2015–16, 2016–17 da 2017–18 aka gudanar da su a tsarin kwanaki uku. Gasar tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi biyar, kowacce tana wakiltar wani yanki (ko "zone") na Indiya: Central Zone, East Zone, North Zone, South Zone da West Zone. Central Zone ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi samun nasara a tarihin gasar, inda ta lashe gasar uku na farko. Masu riƙe da kambun su ne North Zone, waɗanda suka lashe gasar ta baya-bayan nan a 2017–18. =====Gasa ta limited overs===== * '''Senior Women's One Day Trophy''' – An fara ta a kakar 2006–07, kuma ita ce gasar wasan kurket ta List-A ta mata. Ƙungiyar mata ta Railways ce ta fi rinjaye, inda ta lashe gasa 10 cikin 11. Ana buga ta ne bisa tsarin zagaye-zagaye a matakin yankuna, sannan ƙungiyar da ta fi yin nasara ta shiga super league. An sauya tsarin a kakar 2013–14, tun daga lokacin ana buga ta ne a matakai biyu, inda ake raba jihohi zuwa rukuni 5, biyu a elite group da uku a plate group. Masu zuwa wasan ƙarshe na plate group a ƙarshen kakar ana ɗaukaka su zuwa elite group, sannan ƙungiyoyi biyu mafi raunin sakamako a elite group ana mayar da su plate group. * '''Senior Women's One Day Inter Zonal Trophy'''- =====Gasa ta Twenty20===== * '''Women's Premier League''' – Gasar franchise ce ta wasan kurket na mata ta Twenty20 a Indiya, wadda Hukumar Kula da Wasan Kurket a Indiya (BCCI) ke mallaka kuma ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Women's IPL: BCCI earns Rs 4669.99 crore windfall for 5 teams |url=https://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/womens-ipl-adani-bags-ahmedabad-team-mumbai-rcb-delhi-lucknow-cricket/20230125.htm |website=Rediff}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1618178527496634369|user=JayShah|title=The @BCCI has named the league - Women's Premier League (WPL). Let the journey begin....}}</ref> * '''Senior Women's T20 Trophy''' – Gasar wasan kurket ta mata ce ta Twenty20. Ana buga ta tsakanin cikakkun mambobin BCCI. An gudanar da gasar farko a kakar 2008–09. Tun daga lokacin ana gudanar da ita kowace shekara, inda 2015–16 ya kasance bugu na 8.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/IND.html|title = CA details}}</ref> * '''Senior Women's T20 Inter Zonal Trophy''' – =====Gasa ta matasa===== * '''Women's under 23 One Day Trophy''' * '''Women's under 23 T20 Trophy''' * '''Women's under 19 One Day Trophy''' * '''Women's under 19 T20 Trophy''' * '''Women's under 15 One Day Trophy''' ==Filayen wasa== Indiya tana da filayen wasan kurket da dama masu ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa. Filin wasan kurket mafi girma a duniya, Narendra Modi Stadium, yana cikin Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-07 |title=Motera Cricket Stadium In Ahmedabad With Seating Capacity Of Over A Lakh To Be World's Largest |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/motera-cricket-stadium-in-ahmedabad-with-seating-capacity-of-over-a-lakh-to-be-largest-in-the-world-359982.html |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> Eden Gardens na Kolkata, wanda shi ne filin wasan kurket na uku mafi girma a duniya, yana West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BCCI TV |url=https://www.bcci.tv/venues/2/eden-gardens |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003002201/https://www.bcci.tv/venues/2/eden-gardens |website=BCCI TV |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=3 October 2023}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin kula da wasan kurket na cikin gida kamar Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Jiha ne ke kula da ayyukan da suka shafi wasan kurket da gasa da aka amince da su a yankunansu, don haka akwai ƙungiyoyin Ranji 38. Waɗannan hukumomin wasan kurket na cikin gida suna da alaƙa da BCCI, yayin da hukumomin wasan kurket na gundumomi a ƙasar ke da alaƙa da hukumomin jihohi. Ƙasar tana da cibiyoyin horas da wasan kurket da kulake masu zaman kansu da yawa. Ana gina filin wasan kurket na uku mafi girma a duniya a Jaipur.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2022-02-05 |title=World's 'third-largest' cricket stadium coming up in Jaipur |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/worlds-third-largest-cricket-stadium-coming-up-in-jaipur/article38384062.ece |access-date=2023-11-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> MRF Pace Foundation tana samar da kayan aiki da wuraren horaswa ga ’yan wasan jefa ƙwallo masu sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dinakar |first=S. |date=2020-09-05 |title=MRF Pace Foundation keeps itself relevant through innovation |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/mrf-pace-foundation-virtual-training-ipl-2020-uae-senthilnathan-mcgrath/article32532016.ece |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref> ===Filayen wasa masu aiki=== {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible static-row-numbers" style="font-size: 95%" !rowspan=2|Sunan filin wasa !rowspan=2|Wuri !rowspan=2|Adadin kujeru !colspan=3|Adadin wasannin cikin gida da aka buga !colspan=3|Adadin wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa da aka buga !rowspan=2|Wasan farko !rowspan=2|Wasan baya-bayan nan |- !Test !ODI !T20I !Test !ODI !T20I |- |M. A. Chidambaram Stadium |Chennai |38,200 |34 |28 |2 |18 |11 |7 |{{dts|format=dmy|1934|2|10}} |Janairu 2025 |- |Eden Gardens |Kolkata |68,000 |42 |36 |11 |16 |21 |15 |{{dts|format=dmy|1935|1|5}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|16}} |- |Arun Jaitley Cricket Stadium |Delhi |35,200 |35 |31 |7 |19 |9 |6 |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|11|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|25}} |- |Brabourne Stadium |Mumbai |50,000 |18 |9 |1 |5 |11 |10 |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|12|9}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|10|29}} |- |Green Park Stadium |Kanpur |32,000 |23 |15 |1 |4 |3 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|1952|1|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|11|25}} |- |M. Chinnaswamy Stadium |Bengaluru |40,000 |24 |31 |11 |14 |12 |8 |{{dts|format=dmy|1974|11|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|17}} |- |Wankhede Stadium |Mumbai |33,100 |26 |28 |8 |23 |17 |9 |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|1|23}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|01|02}} |- |Barabati Stadium |Cuttack |45,000 |2 |19 |3 |1 |8 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|1982|1|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2022|6|12}} |- |Sawai Mansingh Stadium |Jaipur |30,000 |1 |19 |1 |0 |9 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|1983|10|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2021|11|17}} |- |Narendra Modi Stadium |Ahmedabad |132,000 |15 |31 |7 |3 |4 |12 |{{dts|format=dmy|1983|11|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|19}} |- |Inderjit Singh Bindra Stadium |Mohali |27,000 |14 |26 |7 |6 |5 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|1993|11|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|11}} |- |IPCL Sports Complex Ground |Vadodara |20,000 |0 |10 |0 |0 |11 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|1997|12|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|14}} |- |YS Rajasekhara Reddy Stadium |Visakhapatnam |27,500 |3 |10 |5 |4 |5 |6 |{{dts|format=dmy|2005|4|5}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|2}} |- |Rajiv Gandhi Stadium |Hyderabad |39,200 |6 |10 |3 |4 |9 |5 |{{dts|format=dmy|2005|11|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|25}} |- |Holkar Stadium |Indore |30,000 |3 |7 |4 |2 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2006|4|15}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|1|14}} |- |VCA Stadium |Nagpur |45,000 |7 |9 |13 |0 |3 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2008|11|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|2|9}} |- |Dr. DY Patil Sports Stadium |Navi Mumbai |45,300 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2009|11|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|19}} |- |MCA Stadium |Pune |42,700 |2 |12 |4 |4 |9 |8 |{{dts|format=dmy|2012|12|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|1}} |- |SCA Stadium |Rajkot |28,000 |3 |4 |5 |3 |2 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|15}} |- |JSCA Stadium |Ranchi |50,000 |3 |6 |4 |2 |3 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|19}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|2|23}} |- |HPCA Stadium |Dharamshala |21,200 |2 |9 |10 |2 |7 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2013|1|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|3|7}} |- |Greater Noida SC Ground |Greater Noida |8,000 |0 |5 |6 |1 |0 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|3|8}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2020|3|10}} |- |ACA Stadium |Guwahati |46,000 |0 |2 |5 |0 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|10|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|28}} |- |Greenfield Stadium |Thiruvananthapuram |50,000 |0 |2 |4 |0 |3 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2017|11|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|11|26}} |- |Rajiv Gandhi Stadium |Dehradun |25,000 |1 |5 |6 |0 |0 |0 |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|6|3}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|3|15}} |- |BRSAB Vajpayee Ekana Stadium |Lucknow |50,100 |1 |9 |6 |0 |2 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2018|11|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|10|29}} |- |Lalabhai Contractor Stadium |Surat |7,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|9|24}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2019|10|4}} |- |SV Narayan Singh Stadium |Raipur |65,000 |0 |1 |1 |0 |1 |2 |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|1|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2023|12|1}} |- |Shrimant Madhavrao Scindia Cricket Stadium |Gwalior |50,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|10|6}} |- |Kotambi Stadium |Vadodara |40,000 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|12|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2024|12|27}} |} ==Gasa ta ƙasa da ƙasa da aka shirya== {| class="wikitable" |- style="text-align:center; background:lightblue;" ||'''Gasa''' ||'''Bugu''' ||'''Mai nasara''' ||'''Wasan ƙarshe''' ||'''Mai matsayi na biyu''' ||'''Matsayin Indiya''' ||'''Filayen wasa''' ||'''Filin wasan ƙarshe''' ||'''Filin wasa''' |- | colspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:orange;"|'''Gasa ta manyan maza''' |- ||ICC Men's Cricket World Cup ||1987 Cricket World Cup ||'''{{cr|AUS}}''' ||{{center|'''253/5 (50 overs) – 246/8 (50 overs)'''}} ||{{cr|ENG}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' ||21 (a ƙasashe 2) ||Eden Gardens || [[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |Asia Cup |1990–91 Asia Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''205/3 (42.1 overs) – 204/9 (45 overs)'''}} |{{cr|SRI}} |style="background:gold;" |'''Zakarun''' |3 (a birane 3) |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |1996 Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|SRI}}''' |{{center|'''241/7 (50 overs) – 245/3 (46.2 overs)'''}} |{{cr|AUS}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |26 (''a ƙasashe 3'') |Gaddafi Stadium |[[File:Gaddafi stadium lahore.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Champions Trophy |2006 ICC Champions Trophy |'''{{cr|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''116/2 (28.1 overs) - 138 (30.4 overs)'''}} |{{cr|WIN}} |Matakin rukuni |4 (''a birane 4'') |Brabourne Stadium |[[File:Cricket Club Of India Bombay.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |2011 Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''277/4 (48.2 overs) – 274/6 (50 overs)'''}} |{{cr|SRI}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |13 (''a ƙasashe 3'') |Wankhede Stadium |[[File:Wankhede ICC WCF.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's T20 World Cup |2016 ICC World Twenty20 |'''{{cr|WIN}}''' |{{center|'''161/6 (19.4 overs) – 155/9 (20 overs)'''}} |{{cr|ENG}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |7 (''a birane 7'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup |'''{{cr|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''241/4 (43 overs) – 240 (50 overs)'''}} |{{cr|IND}} |style="background:silver;"|'''Masu matsayi na biyu''' |10 (''a birane 10'') |Narendra Modi Stadium |[[File:Narendra Modi Stadium view from the gallery.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Men's T20 World Cup |2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup |'''{{cr|IND}}''' |{{center|'''255/5 (20 overs) – 159 (19 overs)'''}} |{{cr|IND}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |8 (''a birane 8'') |Narendra Modi Stadium |[[File:Narendra Modi Stadium view from the gallery.jpg|120px]] |- | colspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:yellow;"|'''Gasa ta manyan mata''' |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |1978 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''100/2 (31.3 overs) – 96/8 (50 overs)'''}} |{{crw|ENG}} |Matakin rukuni |4 (''a birane 4'') |Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium, Hyderabad |[[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |1997 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''165/5 (47.4 overs) – 164 (49.3 overs)'''}} |{{crw|NZ}} |style="background:#cc9966"|'''Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe''' |27 (''a birane 21'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |Women's Asia Cup |2006 Women's Asia Cup |'''{{crw|IND}}''' |{{center|'''95/2 (27.5 overs) – 93 (44.1 overs)'''}} |{{crw|SRI}} |style="background:gold;" |'''Zakarun''' |1 (''a birni 1'') |Sawai Mansingh Stadium |[[File:Sawai-Mansingh-Stadium-Jaipur.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |2013 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|AUS}}''' |{{center|'''259/7 (50 overs) – 145 (43.1 overs)'''}} |{{crw|WIN}} |Matakin rukuni |5 (''a birane 2'') |Brabourne Stadium |[[File:Cricket Club Of India Bombay.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's T20 World Cup |2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 |'''{{cr|WIN}}''' |{{center|'''149/2 (19.3 overs) – 148/5 (20 overs)'''}} |{{cr|AUS}} |Matakin rukuni |8 (''a birane 8'') |Eden Gardens |[[File:ইডেন গার্ডেনে বাংলাদেশ ও পাকিস্তানের খেলা ৫.jpg|120px]] |- |ICC Women's Cricket World Cup |2025 Women's Cricket World Cup |'''{{crw|IND}}''' |{{center|'''298/7 (50 overs) – 246 (45.3 overs)'''}} |{{crw|RSA}} |style="background:gold;"|'''Zakarun''' |5 (''a birane 5'') |DY Patil Stadium |[[File:D Y Patil Sports Stadium.jpg|120px]] |} ==Ayyuka a gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa== ''Akwatin ja da ke kewaye da shekarar yana nuna gasannin da aka buga a cikin Indiya'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+'''Maɓalli''' |style="background:gold" width="20"| |align="left"| Zakarun |- |style="background:silver" width="20"| |align="left"| Masu matsayi na biyu |- |style="background:#cc9966" width="20"| |align="left"| Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe |- |} === Ƙungiyar maza === ====ICC World Test Championship==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- ! rowspan=3|Lokaci ! colspan=10|Matakin lig ! colspan=4|Wasan ƙarshe |- ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! colspan=5|Wasanni ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|DED|Rage maki}} ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PC|Jimillar maki da ake fafatawa}} ! rowspan=2|Maki ! rowspan=2|{{abbr|PCT|Kason maki da aka samu daga maki da aka fafata}} ! rowspan=2|Wuri ! rowspan=2|Wasan ƙarshe ! rowspan=2|Matsayi ! rowspan=2|Bayani |- ! width=20|{{abbr|P|An buga}} ! width=20|{{abbr|W|An ci}} ! width=20|{{abbr|L|An sha kashi}} ! width=20|{{abbr|D|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width=20|{{abbr|T|An yi kunnen doki}} |- style="background:silver;" | 2019–2021 | 1/9 | 17 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 720 | 520 | '''72.2''' | {{flagicon|England}}Rose Bowl, England | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|NZL}} da wickets 8 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|title=ICC World Test Championship 2019–2021 Table|access-date=29 August 2021|work=ESPNcricinfo|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812091730/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2019-2021-1195334/points-table-standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" | 2021–2023 | 2/9 | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 216 | 127 | '''58.80''' | {{flagicon|England}} The Oval, England | An sha kashi a hannun {{Cr|AUS}} da runs 209 | Masu matsayi na biyu | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|title=ICC World Test Championship (2021–2023) Points Table|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801071654/https://www.icc-cricket.com/world-test-championship/standings|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:#cc9966;" | 2023–2025 | 3/9 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 228 | 114 | '''50.00''' | {{flagicon|England}} Lord's, England | Ba ta samu cancantar shiga ba | Matsayi na uku |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-test-championship-2023-2025-1345943|title=ICC World Test Championship 2023-25}}</ref> |} ====Kofin Duniya na ODI==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Bayani |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1975 ||Matakin rukuni||6/8||3||1||2||0||0||1975 Cricket World Cup squads|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|title=Prudential World Cup 1975|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206022506/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1975-60793|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 1979 ||Matakin rukuni||7/8||3||0||3||0||0||1979 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|title=Prudential World Cup 1979|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206024322/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1979-60806|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 1983 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/8||8||6||2||0||0||1983 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|title=Prudential World Cup 1983|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032439/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/prudential-world-cup-1983-60832|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} 1987 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/8||7||5||2||0||0||1987 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ESPN 87 88">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=Reliance World Cup 1987/88|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 1992 ||Matakin rukuni||7/9||8||2||5||0||1||1992 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ESPN 87 88" /> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1996 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/12||7||4||3||0||0||1996 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|title=Wills World Cup 1995/96|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=20 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820020900/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-world-cup-1995-96-60981|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|IRL}} {{flagicon|NED}} {{flagicon|SCO}} {{Flagicon|Wales}}1999 ||Super Six||6/12||8||4||4||0||0||1999 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|title=World Cup 1999|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114752/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/reliance-world-cup-1987-88-60876|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|KEN}} 2003 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/14||11||9||2||0||0||2003 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|title=ICC World Cup 2002/03|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004033344/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2002-03-61124|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2007 ||Matakin rukuni||9/16||3||1||2||0||0||2007 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|title=World Cup 2007|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930020750/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-cup-2006-07-125929|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SRI}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2011 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/14||9||7||1||1||0||2011 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2010/11|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095352/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2010-11-381449|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZL}} 2015 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/14||8||7||1||0||0||2015 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2014/15|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095353/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2014-15-509587|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2019 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/10||10||7||2||0||1||2019 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|title=ICC Cricket World Cup 2019|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004095358/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019-1144415|url-status=live}}</ref> |-style="background:silver;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2023 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/10||11||10||1||0||0||2023 Cricket World Cup squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2023-24-1367856|title=ICC Cricket world Cup 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SA}} {{flagicon|ZIM}} {{flagicon|NAM}} 2027 || colspan="8" |''Ba a tantance ba'' || <ref name="ICC USA T20">{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|title=USA to stage T20 World Cup: 2024–2031 ICC Men's tournament hosts confirmed|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205110854/https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2354682|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|BAN}} 2031 || colspan="8" |Ta samu cancantar shiga a matsayin mai masaukin baki tare da wata ƙasa || <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !Lakabi 2 !13/13 !96 !63 !30 !1 !2 ! ! |} ====Kofin Duniya na T20==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Bayani |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2007||'''Zakarun'''||1/12||7||4||1||1||1||2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|title=ICC World Twenty20 2007/08|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208211355/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-world-twenty20-2007-08-286109|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2009 ||Super 8||7/12||5||2||3||0||0||2009 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2009|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/437/icc-world-t20-2009/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|WIN}} 2010 ||Super 8||8/12||5||2||3||0||0||2010 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2010|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206031655/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/454/icc-world-t20-2010/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2012 ||Super 8||5/12||5||4||1||0||0||2012 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|title=ICC World T20 2012|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033740/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2114/icc-world-t20-2012/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014 ||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/16||6||5||1||0||0||2014 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|title=ICC World Twenty20 2014|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033741/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2243/icc-world-twenty20-2014/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2016 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||4/16||5||3||2||0||0||2016 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|title=ICC World T20, 2016|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206033742/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/2263/icc-world-t20-2016/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|UAE}} {{flagicon|OMA}} 2021 ||Super 12||6/16||5||3||2||0||0||2021 ICC World Twenty20 squads#India|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2021/22|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203063312/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2021-22-1267897|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} 2022 ||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/16||6||4||2||0||0||2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup squads#India|| <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- style="background:gold;" |{{cricon|West Indies}} {{flagicon|USA}} 2024 ||'''Zakarun''' |1/20 |9 |8 |0 |0 |1 |2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup squads#India |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2024-1411166|title=ICC Men's T20 world Cup 2024}}</ref> |- style="background:gold;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|SL}} 2026 || '''Zakarun''' |1/20 |9 |8 |1 |0 |0 |2026 Men's T20 World Cup squads#India |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-men-s-t20-world-cup-2025-26-1502138|title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|AUS}} {{flagicon|NZ}} 2028 ||colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' | <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- |{{flagicon|ENG}} {{flagicon|WAL}}<br>{{flagicon|SCO}}<br>{{flagicon|IRE}} 2030 ||colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' || <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !Lakabi 3 !10/10 !62 !43 !16 !1 !2 ! ! |} ====Wasannin Olympics==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Bayani |- |{{flagicon|FRA}} 1900 |colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|USA}} 2028 |Ba a tantance ba | | | | | | | |- !Jimilla ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |} ====Kofin Zakarun==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Ƙungiya ! width=50 |Maj. |- style="background:#cc9966;" |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 1998||Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe||3/9||2||1||1||0||0||Ƙungiya || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|title=Wills International Cup 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140635/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-international-cup-1998-99-61033|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|Kenya}} 2000||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/11||4||3||1||0||0||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|title=ICC KnockOut, 2000|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815142447/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/745/icc-knockout-2000/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor="gold" |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2002|| '''Zakarun'''||1/12||5||3||0||0||2||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2002/03|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816093531/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2002-03-61114|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor= |{{flagicon|England}} 2004||Matakin rukuni||7/12||2||1||1||0||0||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|title=2004 Champions Trophy|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170555/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/829/icc-champions-trophy-2004/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|India}} 2006||Matakin rukuni|||5/10||3||1||2||0||0||Ƙungiya||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2006/07|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003170552/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2006-07-232694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- style="background:;" |{{flagicon|South Africa}} 2009||Matakin rukuni||5/8||3||1||1||0||1||Ƙungiya|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2009/10|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=29 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929140648/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2009-10-374074|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2013||'''Zakarun'''||1/8||5||5||0||0||0||Ƙungiya || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2013|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=7 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907065225/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2013-566910|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|England}} {{flagicon|WAL}} 2017 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2/8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Ƙungiya |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2017|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025258/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2017-1022345|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|UAE}} 2025 | '''Zakarun''' | 1/8 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ƙungiya |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/icc-champions-trophy-2024-25-1459031|title=ICC Champions Trophy 2025}}</ref> |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2029 |colspan=8|Ta samu cancantar shiga a matsayin mai masaukin baki | <ref name="ICC USA T20" /> |- !Jimilla !3 Lakabi !9/9 !34 !23 !8 !0 !3 ! ! |} ====Kofin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=200 |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width="50" |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1984 | '''Zakarun''' | 1/3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|title=India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka in the United Arab Emirates, 1984 ( Asia Cup )|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206032028/https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-series/511/india-pakistan-sri-lanka-in-united-arab-emirates-1984-asia-cup/matches|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1986||colspan=7|''Ta kaurace gasar'' || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|title=Austral-Asia Cup 1985/86|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815114438/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/austral-asia-cup-1985-86-60863|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 1988 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/4||4||3||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|title=Wills Asia Cup 1988/89|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003165939/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wills-asia-cup-1988-89-60889|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1990/91 ||'''Zakarun'''||1/3||4||3||1||0||0 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Asia Cup 1990/91 |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |access-date=3 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323165830/https://www.wisden.com/series/asia-cup-1990-91/live-cricket-scores-schedule-fixtures-results |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 1995||'''Zakarun''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1994/95|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 1997|| Masu matsayi na biyu||2/4||4||1||2||0||1|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|title=Pepsi Asia Cup 1997|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005061853/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1997-61008|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2000|| Zagaye na farko|| 3/4||3||1||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|title=2000 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093852/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2000-61067|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2004||Masu matsayi na biyu|| 2/6||6||3||3||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|title=2004 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092346/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2004-61152|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=silver |{{flagicon|PAK}} 2008||Masu matsayi na biyu||2/6||6||4||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|title=2008 Asia Cup|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092345/https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092345/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2008-298014|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|SRI}} 2010|| '''Zakarun''' ||1/4||4||3||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|title=Asia Cup 2010|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005093850/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2010-424694|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2012|| Zagaye na farko ||3/4||3||2||1||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|title=Asia Cup 2011/12|access-date=5 October 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005092350/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2011-12-524504|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2014||Zagaye na farko||3/5||4||2||2||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|title=2014 Asia Cup|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100112/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2013-14-671665|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2016||'''Zakarun''' ||1/5||5||5||0||0||0|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|title=Men's T20 Asia Cup 2015/16|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004100101/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2015-16-966595|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|UAE}} 2018 |'''Zakarun''' |1/6 |6 |5 |0 |1 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|title=2018 Asia Cup|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003171032/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2018-1153237|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2022 |Super Fours |3/6 |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|title=Asia Cup 2022|access-date=3 October 2022|archive-date=3 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003034858/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2022-1327237|url-status=live}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{Flagicon|PAK}} {{Flagicon|SRI}} 2023 |'''Zakarun''' |1/6 |6 |4 |1 |0 |1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asia-cup-2023-1388374/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asia Cup 2023|access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref> |-bgcolor=gold |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2025 |'''Zakarun''' |1/8 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/mens-asia-cup-india-bangladesh-to-host-2025-and-2027-editions-1445361|title=India, Bangladesh to host 2025 and 2027 Men's Asia Cups|access-date=29 July 2024}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|BAN}} 2027 |colspan=7|Ba a tantance ba | |- ! Jimilla ! 9 Lakabi ! 16/17 ! 72 ! 50 ! 19 ! 1 ! 2 ! |} ====Wasannin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2010 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} 2014 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2022 |'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya''' | 1/14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-games-men-s-cricket-competition-2023-1398685/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results|title=Asian Games Men's Cricket Competition 2023|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|JPN}} 2026 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! 1 Lakabi ! 1/3 ! 3 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! |} ====Wasannin Commonwealth==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width="150" |Shekara ! width="150" |Zagaye ! width="50" |Matsayi ! width="50" |P ! width="50" |W ! width="50" |L ! width="50" |T ! width="50" |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|MAS}} 1998 | Matakin rukuni | 9/16 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|title=Commonwealth Games 1998/99|access-date=15 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815115857/https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/commonwealth-games-1998-99-460200|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|}} 2030 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! 0 Lakabi ! 1/1 ! 3 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 1 ! |- |} ====Gasannin da aka daina==== {|class="wikitable" ! colspan=8| Gasa |- ! Australian Tri-Series ! Asian Test Championship ! Austral-Asia Cup ! NatWest Series ! World Championship of Cricket ! Nehru Cup ! Hero Cup ! Nidahas Trophy |- | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1980–81: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985–86: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1991–92: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1999–2000: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2003–04: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2007–08: '''Zakarun''' * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2011–12: Matsayi na uku * {{flagicon|AUS}} 2014–15: Matsayi na uku | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} {{flagicon|PAK}} {{flagicon|SRI}} 1999: Matakin rukuni | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1986: Masu matsayi na biyu * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1990: Matakin rukuni * {{flagicon|UAE}} 1994: Masu matsayi na biyu | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|ENG}} 2002: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|AUS}} 1985: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1989: Wanda ya kai matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|IND}} 1993: '''Zakarun''' | style="vertical-align:top;"| * {{flagicon|SRI}} 1998: '''Zakarun''' * {{flagicon|SRI}} 2018: '''Zakarun''' |} ===Ƙungiyar mata=== ====Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Shekara !! Zagaye !! Matsayi !! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 1973 ||colspan=7| ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1978 || Matakin rukuni || 4/4 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|NZL}} 1982 || Matakin rukuni || 4/5 || 12 || 4 || 8 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|AUS}} 1988 ||colspan=7| ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 1993 || Matakin rukuni || 4/8 || 7 || 4 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 1997 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 4/11 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 |-style="background:#cc9966" |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2000 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2005 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 9 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 2 |-style="background:#cc9966" |{{flagicon|AUS}} 2009 || Super 6 || 3/6 || 7 || 5 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2013 || Matakin rukuni || 7/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2017 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 9 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2022 || Matakin rukuni || 5/8 || 7 || 3 || 4 || 0 || 0 |- |-style="background:gold" |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2025 ||'''Zakarun''' || 1/8 || 9 || 5 || 3 || 0 || 1 |- ! Jimilla || 10/12 || 1 Lakabi|| 81 || 42 || 34 || 1 || 4 |} ====Kofin Duniya na T20 na Mata na ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- ! Shekara !! Matsayi!! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|ENG}} 2009 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|WIN}} 2010 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|SL}} 2012 || Matakin rukuni|| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2014 || Matakin rukuni|| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2016 || Matakin rukuni || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2018 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |-style="background:silver;" | {{flagicon|AUS}} 2020 || Masu matsayi na biyu|| 6 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 1 |-style="background:#cc9966" | {{flagicon|SAF}} 2023 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe|| 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2024 || Matakin rukuni || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- | {{flagicon|ENG}} 2026 || || || || || || |- ! Jimilla ! 0 lakabi ! 41 ! 22 ! 18 ! 0 ! 1 |} ====Wasannin Olympics==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! Maj. |- |{{flagicon|USA}} 2028 | | | | | | | | |- ! Jimilla ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! |} ====Gasar Mata ta ICC==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! width=100 |Shekara ! width=100 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |D ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |2014-16||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Gasar cancantar Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2017.}} ||5/8||21||9||11||0||0||1 |- |2017-20||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2022.}} ||4/8||21||10||8||0||0||3 |- style="background:silver;" |2022-25||Matakin rukuni{{efn|Ta samu damar shiga Kofin Duniya na Wasan Kurket na Mata na 2025.}} ||bgcolor="silver"|2/10||24||18||6||0||0||0 |- !'''Jimilla'''||3/3||0 lakabi||66||37||25||0||0||4 |- |} ====Wasannin Commonwealth==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |- style="background:silver;" |{{flagicon|ENG}} 2022||Lambar yabo ta azurfa||2/8||5||3||2||0||0 |- !0 Lakabi !1/1 !5 !3 !2 !0 !0 ! |} ====Kofin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" |- ! Shekara !! Zagaye !Matsayi!! An buga !! An ci !! An sha kashi !! An tashi kunnen doki !! NR |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|SL}} 2004 || '''Zakarun''' |1/2|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|PAK}} 2005–06 || '''Zakarun''' |1/3|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold |style="border: 3px solid red"|{{flagicon|IND}} 2006 || '''Zakarun''' |1/3|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|SL}} 2008 || '''Zakarun''' |1/4|| 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|CHN}} 2012 || '''Zakarun''' |1/8|| 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|THA}} 2016 || '''Zakarun''' |1/6|| 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|MAS}} 2018 || Masu matsayi na biyu |2/6|| 6 || 4 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2022 || '''Zakarun''' |1/7|| 8 || 7 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|SRI}} 2024 ||Masu matsayi na biyu |2/8|| 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2026 || '''Zakarun''' |1/8|| 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 |- !Jimilla !8 lakabi !10/10 !56 !52 !4 !0 !0 |} ====Wasannin Asiya==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |GP ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2010|| colspan=7 | ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|South Korea}} 2014|| colspan=7 | ''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|CHN}} 2022||'''Lambar yabo ta zinariya'''||1/9||3||2||0||0||1 |- !Jimilla !1 Lakabi !1/1 !3 !2 !0 !0 !1 |} ====Wasannin Asiya ta Kudu==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR ! width=50 |Maj. |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2016 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|NEP}} 2019 | colspan=8|''Ba ta shiga ba'' |- |{{flagicon|PAK}} 2026 | colspan=8|''Ba a tantance ba'' |- ! Jimilla ! 0 Lakabi ! 0/0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! |} ===Ƙungiyar maza ta U-19=== ====Kofin Duniya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Duniya na Cricket na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- | {{flagicon|AUS}} 1988 | Matakin rukuni | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|RSA}} 1998 | Zagaye na biyu | 5 | 16 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|LKA}} 2000 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 | {{flagicon|NZL}} 2002 | Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | 3 | 16 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2004 | Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe | 3 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|LKA}} 2006 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|MYS}} 2008 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|NZL}} 2010 | Quarter-fainal | 6 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|AUS}} 2012 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- | {{flagicon|UAE}} 2014 | Quarter-fainal | 5 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|BAN}} 2016 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|NZL}} 2018 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 16 |6 |6 |0 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|RSA}} 2020 | Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |16 |6 |5 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|WIN}} 2022 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |16 | 6 |6 |0 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver | {{flagicon|RSA}} 2024 | Masu matsayi na biyu | 2 |16 |7 |6 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|ZIM}}{{flagicon|NAM}} 2026 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |16 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !'''Lakabi 6''' ! ! !103 !82 !20 !0 !1 |} ====Kofin Asiya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Asiya na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 1989 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' | 3 |3 |3 |0 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Pakistan}} 2003 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |4 |4 |3 |1 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2012 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |3 |1 |1 | 0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2014 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2016 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |5 |0 |0 |0 |- |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2017 |Matakin rukuni | 5 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} 2018 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |5 |0 |0 |0 |-bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} 2019 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |0 |0 |1 |-bgcolor=gold | {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2021 | '''Zakarun''' | '''1''' |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=cc9966 |{{Flagicon|UAE}} 2023 |Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe |4 |8 |4 |2 |2 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2024 |Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |8 |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=silver |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} 2025 |Masu matsayi na biyu |2 |8 |5 |4 |1 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !8 Lakabi ! ! !54 !41 !11 !1 !1 |} ===Ƙungiyar mata ta U-19=== ====Kofin Duniya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Duniya na T20 na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|RSA}} 2023 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |16 |7 |6 |1 |0 |0 |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|MAS}} 2025 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |16 |7 |7 |0 |0 |0 |- !Jimilla !2 Lakabi ! ! !14 !13 !1 !0 !0 |} ====Kofin Asiya na U19==== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#0889e6; color:#FF8800; text-align:center;" colspan=9|Tarihin Indiya a Kofin Asiya na T20 na U19 |- ! width="90" |Shekara ! Sakamako ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Mats.|Matsayi}} ! width="40" |{{Abbr|Ƙungiyoyi|Adadin ƙungiyoyi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An buga|Wasannin da aka buga}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An ci|An ci}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|An sha kashi|An sha kashi}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|Dokin|An tashi kunnen doki}} ! width="20" |{{Abbr|NR|Ba a samu sakamako ba}} |- |- bgcolor=gold |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} 2024 |'''Zakarun''' |'''1''' |6 |5 |4 |0 |0 |1 |- !Jimilla !'''1 Lakabi''' ! !6 !5 !4 !0 !0 !1 |} ===Ƙungiyar maza ta A=== ====Kofin Asiya na ACC na Ƙungiyoyi Masu Tasowa==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- !colspan=10|Tarihin Kofin Asiya na ACC na Ƙungiyoyi Masu Tasowa |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Zagaye ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- |style="background:gold;"|{{flagicon|SIN}} '''2013''' ||'''Zakarun'''|| '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''4''' || '''1''' ||'''0''' ||'''0''' |- |{{flagicon|BAN}} 2017 || Matakin rukuni || 5/8 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:silver;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} <br>{{flagicon|PAK}} 2018 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|BAN}} 2019 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 4/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:silver;"|{{flagicon|SRI}} 2023 || Masu matsayi na biyu || 2/8 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|OMA}} 2024 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 0 |- |style="background:#cc9966"|{{flagicon|QAT}} 2025 || Matakin kusa da na ƙarshe || 3/8 || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 |- !'''Jimilla'''|| '''1 Lakabi'''|| '''-''' ||'''30'''||'''21'''||'''9'''||'''0'''||'''0''' |} ===Ƙungiyar mata ta A=== ====ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width:85%" |- !colspan=10|Tarihin gasar T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup |- ! width=150 |Shekara ! width=150 |Mataki ! width=50 |Matsayi ! width=50 |P ! width=50 |W ! width=50 |L ! width=50 |T ! width=50 |NR |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|HK}} '''[[2023 ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup|2023]]'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/asian-cricket-council-women-s-emerging-teams-cup-2023-1379666|title=ACC Women's T20 Emerging Teams Asia Cup 2023|access-date=21 June 2023}}</ref>|| '''Zakarun gasar''' || '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''2''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''3''' |- style="background:gold;" |{{flagicon|THA}} '''[[2026 Women's Asia Cup Rising Stars|2026]]'''||'''Zakarun gasar''' || '''1/8''' || '''5''' || '''4''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''0''' |- |'''Jimilla'''|| '''Kofuna 2'''|| '''-''' ||'''10'''||'''6'''||'''1'''||'''0'''||'''3''' |} ==Watsa wasan kurket a Indiya== ===Gasa ta cikin gida=== ====Wasan kurket na ƙungiyoyin kamfani na cikin gida==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shirye na ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |[[Indian Premier League]] |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL Media Rights: BCCI hits a six while Viacom18 and Star India scramble for the ball |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/brandwagon/ipl-media-rights-bcci-hits-a-six-while-viacom18-and-star-india-scramble-for-the-ball/2566141/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Financialexpress |date=20 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="2"|[[JioStar]] | rowspan="2" |[[Star Sports (Indian TV network)|Star Sports]] | rowspan="2" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="2" |[[JioHotstar]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's IPL: Viacom 18 wins media rights, to pay INR 7.09 crore per match |date=16 January 2023 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/india-womens-ipl-viacom-18-wins-media-rights-to-pay-bcci-over-inr-7-crore-per-match-for-five-years-1354084}}</ref> |} ====Wasan kurket na jihohi/yankuna na cikin gida==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shirye na ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin ! colspan="2" |Haƙƙin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- ! rowspan="4" | Wasan kurket na aji na farko | [[Ranji Trophy]] | rowspan="11" |2023–2028<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2023/news/55556034/bcci-announces-the-successful-bidder-for-acquiring-the-media-rights-for-the-bcci-international-matches-and-domestic-matches-for-september-2023-march-2028|title=BCCI announces the successful bidder for acquiring the Media Rights for the BCCI International Matches and Domestic Matches for September 2023 – March 2028|website=www.bcci.tv}}</ref> | rowspan="11" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="11" |[[Star Sports (India)|Star Sports]] | rowspan="11" |[[JioStar]] | rowspan="11" |[[JioHotstar]] |- | [[Irani Cup]] |- | [[Duleep Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's Inter Zonal Multi-Day Trophy]] |- ! rowspan="4" | Wasan kurket na List A | [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]] |- | [[Deodhar Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's One-Day Trophy]] |- | [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal One Day|Senior Women's Inter Zonal One-Day Trophy]] |- ! rowspan="3" | Wasan kurket na T20 | [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]] |- | [[Senior Women's T20 Trophy]] |- | [[Women's Senior Inter Zonal T20|Senior Women's Inter Zonal T20 Trophy]] |} ==== Wasan kurket na ƙungiyoyin jihohi na cikin gida ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''na yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2" |Jiha !rowspan="2" |Gasa !rowspan="2" |Lokaci !colspan="2" |Haƙƙin Talabijin !colspan="2" |Haƙƙin watsa shirye-shirye kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfani !Dandali |- !{{flagicon image|Bihar Government Banner.png}} Bihar |Bihar Cricket League |2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-22 |title=Eurosport India acquires broadcast rights for the Bihar Cricket League (BCL) |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/eurosport-india-acquires-broadcast-rights-for-the-bihar-cricket-league-bcl-163630.html|access-date=2021-03-22 |website=MyKhel |language=en}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |- ! rowspan="2" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} Maharashtra <small>(ban da Mumbai da Vidarbha)</small> |Maharashtra Premier League |2025 |rowspan="3" |JioStar |rowspan="3" |Star Sports |rowspan="3" |JioStar |rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- |Women's Maharashtra Premier League |2025 |- !Mumbai {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Mumbai, Thane da Navi Mumbai na Maharashtra.}} |T20 Mumbai |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-04 |title=T20 Mumbai 2025, where to watch live: TV channels, live streaming and timings|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/t20-mumbai-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-live-streaming-and-timings|access-date=2025-06-06 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |- !Andhra Pradesh |Andhra Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=Andhra Premier League 2024 starts on June 30: Where to watch |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/andhra-premier-league-apl-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-06-27 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="7" |JioStar | rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="7" |Dream Sports |rowspan="7" |FanCode |- !Vadodara {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vadodara na Gujarat.}} |Baroda Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-15 |title=Baroda Premier League 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/baroda-premier-league-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-15 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Kerala Flag(INDIA).png}} Kerala |Kerala Cricket League |2024-2030<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralacricketassociation.com/2024/08/kerala-cricket-league-broadcast-and-streaming-partner/|title=Kerala Cricket League: Broadcast and Streaming Partner|work=kca|access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> |Star Sports, Asianet Plus |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Karnataka.svg}} Karnataka |Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-14 |title=Maharaja Trophy KSCA T20 2024 to begin on August 15 in Bengaluru - watch live|url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/maharaja-trophy-t20-2024-schedule-dates-timing-telecast-live-streaming-info-301139.html#:~:text=Maharaja%20Trophy%20T20%20season%203%20will%20be%20telecast%20live%20on,via%20Fancode%20app%20or%20website.|access-date=2024-08-14|website=mykhel|language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Star Sports |- !{{flagicon image|Banner of Puducherry.png}} Puducherry |Pondicherry Premier League |2025 |- !{{flagicon image|..Punjab Flag(INDIA).png}} Punjab |Sher-E-Punjab T20 Cup |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=Sher-E-Punjab T20 2024: Know schedule, telecast and watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/sher-e-punjab-t20-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Tamil Nadu Flag(INDIA).png}} Tamil Nadu |Tamil Nadu Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-05|title=TNPL 2025, where to watch live: TV channels, live streaming and timings for Tamil Nadu Premier League|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/tnpl-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-05|website=Wisden|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- !{{flagicon image|..Rajasthan Flag(INDIA).png}} Rajasthan |Rajasthan Premier League |2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-28 |title=Inaugural Rajasthan Premier League 2023 begins in Jodhpur - watch live streaming in India|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/rajasthan-premier-league-2023-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2023-08-28 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India | rowspan="3" |JioStar | rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|}} West Bengal |Bengal Pro T20 League |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-15 |title=Bengal Pro T20 League 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/bengal-pro-t20-league-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming|access-date=2025-06-15 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |JioStar | rowspan="2" |Star Sports |- |Women's Bengal Pro T20 League |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Delhi Capital Territory.svg}} Delhi |Delhi Premier League T20 |rowspan="2" |2025 | rowspan="2" |None | rowspan="2" |None |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Women's Delhi Premier League T20 | | |- !rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Madhya Pradesh.svg}} Madhya Pradesh |Madhya Pradesh League |2025 |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="2" |Dream Sports |rowspan="2" |FanCode |- |Women's Madhya Pradesh League |2025 |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg}} Uttar Pradesh |UP T20 League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-26 |title=Live streaming, Uttar Pradesh T20 League 2024 underway in Lucknow: Where to watch - full schedule |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/uttar-pradesh-up-t20-league-2024-schedule-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-08-26 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- !Saurashtra {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Saurashtra na Gujarat.}} |Saurashtra Pro T20 League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-06 |title=Saurashtra Pro T20 League, 2025: All Squads, Full Schedule, Where To Watch, Live Streaming, Telecast, Timings In IST & Fantasy|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/saurashtra-pro-t20-league-2025-all-squads-tnpl-full-schedule-where-to-watch-live-streaming-telecast-timings-in-ist-fantasy-662025-1749179482219|access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Cricket.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Saurashtra Pro T20 League 2025 Schedule, Squad, Captains, Venue and Live Streaming|url=https://uccricket.live/cricket/t20/saurashtra-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squad-captains-venue-63107/|access-date=2025-06-05 |website=uccricket|language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="3" |Doordarshan |rowspan="3" |DD Sports |rowspan="3" |JioStar, Dream11 |rowspan="3" |JioHotstar, Fancode, [https://wavespb.com Waves] |- !rowspan="2" |Vidarbha {{efn|Ba jiha ba ce, amma akwai wata ƙungiya ta daban da ke kula da wasan kurket a Vidarbha na Maharashtra.}} |Vidarbha Pro T20 League |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-05 |title=Vidarbha Pro T20 League 2025 Schedule, Squad, Captains, Venue and Live Streaming|url=https://uccricket.live/cricket/t20/vidarbha-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squad-captains-venue-63122/|access-date=2025-06-05 |website=uccricket|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-07 |title=Vidarbha Pro T20 League 2025: Schedule, squads and where to watch live|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/vidarbha-pro-t20-league-2025-schedule-squads-and-where-to-watch-live|access-date=2025-06-07 |website=Wisden|language=en}}</ref> |- |Vidarbha Pro T20 League (Women's) |- !{{flagicon image|Chhattisgarh Flag(INDIA).png}} Chhattisgarh |Chhattisgarh Cricket Premier League |2025 |rowspan="3"|Culver Max Entertainment |rowspan="3"|Sony Sports Network |Culver Max Entertainment |SonyLIV |- ! rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Uttarakhand.svg}} Uttarakhand |Uttarakhand Premier League |rowspan="2" |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Sony Sports India acquires broadcast rights for the Uttarakhand Premier League (UPL) |url=https://www.sportstiger.com/news/uttarakhand-premier-league-2024-womens-schedule-date-timings-venue-and-more|access-date=2024-09-03 |website=SportsTiger |language=en}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |Dream11 |rowspan="4" |FanCode |- |Uttarakhand Premier League (Women's) |- !Arunachal Pradesh |Arunachal Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-06 |title=Arunachal Premier League 2024 to begin on September 8 - watch live streaming |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/apl-arunachal-premier-league-t20-2024-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india/|access-date=2024-09-06 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{center|Babu komai}} |- !{{flagicon image|Flag of Odisha.svg}} Odisha |Odisha Cricket League |2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-09 |title=Odisha Cricket League 2023 to begin on June 12 - watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/odisha-cricket-league-2023-schedule-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2023-06-09 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |} {{Notelist}} === Gasannin ƙasa da ƙasa === ==== Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa (a gida) ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Indiya | 2023–2028<ref name=":6"/> | rowspan="1" |JioStar | rowspan="1" |Star Sports DD Sports (FTA) | rowspan="1" |JioStar | rowspan="1" |JioHotstar |} ==== Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa (a ƙasashen waje) ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|}} International Cricket Council |2024–2027<ref>{{Cite news |title=Disney Star wins ICC media rights for Indian market |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 August 2022 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/disney-star-wins-icc-media-rights-for-indian-market/articleshow/93823767.cms}}</ref> | rowspan="3"|JioStar | rowspan="3" |Star Sports DD Sports (FTA) (Dukkan wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I na Indiya, har da wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da na ƙarshe) | rowspan="3" |JioStar | rowspan="3" |JioHotstar |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu |2024–2031<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viacom18 and Cricket South Africa Announce Long-term Partnership |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/viacom18-and-cricket-south-africa-announce-long-term-partnership-6336427.html |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Ostareliya |2023-2030<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Disney Star secure Australian cricket broadcast deal |url=https://www.cricket.com.au/news/disney-star-acquire-television-broadcast-rights-australian-cricket-india-subcontinent-sony/2022-07-24 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=cricket.com.au |language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Asian Cricket Council Logo.svg}} Asian Cricket Council |2024-2031<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-22 |title=Sony Culver Max wins Asia Cup media rights at US$170, 70% hike from previous value |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/sony-culver-max-wins-asia-cup-media-rights-at-us170-70-hike-from-previous-value/articleshow/115564029.cms |access-date=2024-11-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> | rowspan="6" |Culver Max Entertainment | rowspan="6" |Sony Sports Network DD Sports (FTA)<br>(Wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I da Indiya kawai) | rowspan="4" |Culver Max Entertainment | rowspan="4" |SonyLIV |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of England.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Ingila |2022–2028<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2018 |title=Sony Pictures acquires media rights for cricket matches in England |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/sony-pictures-networks-india-extends-broadcast-deal-with-ecb-till-2028-5726101.html |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=News 18}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Sri Lanka.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Sri Lanka |2023–2027<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony bags the SLC rights for four years |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/125782/sony-bags-the-slc-rights-for-four-years |access-date=2023-06-24|language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a New Zealand |2024-2031<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/archive/nzc-sony-pictures-networks-sign-seven-year-india-broadcast-deal/|title=NZC & Sony Pictures Networks sign seven-year India broadcast deal|website=NZC}}</ref> |- |2024-2026<ref name=":8" /> |Amazon |Amazon Prime Video |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Pakistan |2025<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=Sony Sports Network secures PCB home series and PSL broadcast rights |url=https://www.adgully.com/sony-sports-network-secures-pcb-home-series-and-psl-broadcast-rights-156217.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=www.adgully.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |Dream11 | rowspan="4" |FanCode |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Zimbabwe.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Zimbabwe | 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sony Sports Network bags TV and digital rights for the upcoming India tour of Zimbabwe |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/sony-sports-network-bags-tv-and-digital-rights-for-the-upcoming-india-tour-of-zimbabwe|access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Cricbuzz |date=5 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="3" |Prasar Bharati | rowspan="3" |DD Sports (FTA) (Wasannin TEST, ODI da T20I da Indiya kawai) |- | colspan="2" |Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a West Indies |2021-2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/fancode-picks-up-media-rights-of-west-indies-cricket-board/articleshow/81933556.cms?from=mdr |title=FanCode picks up media rights of West Indies cricket board |publisher=The Economic Times |date=6 April 2021 |access-date=3 March 2023}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Bangladesh.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Bangladesh |2025 |- | colspan="2" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan.svg}} Cricket na ƙasa da ƙasa a Afghanistan |2024-2027<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Eurosport India acquires broadcast rights for Afghanistan Cricket Board till 2027 |date=21 February 2024 |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/eurosport-india-acquires-broadcast-rights-for-afghanistan-cricket-board-till-2027}}</ref> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |} ==== Cricket na ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru na ƙasa da ƙasa ==== Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2" |Ƙasa<br />(ko)<br />Ƙungiyar nahiyoyi !rowspan="2" |Gasa !rowspan="2" |Lokaci !colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin !colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- !{{flag|Afghanistan}} |Afghanistan Premier League |2024-2027<ref name=":10" /> |WBD India |Eurosport India |WBD India |Discovery+ |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|Australia}} |Big Bash League |rowspan="2" |2023–2030<ref name=":7" /> |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |Star Sports |rowspan="2" |JioStar |rowspan="2" |JioHotstar |- |Women's Big Bash League |- !{{flag|Bangladesh}} |Bangladesh Premier League |2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Sagar |date=2024-12-30 |title=BPL 2024-25 Live Streaming Details: Where to Watch Bangladesh Premier League 2024-25 Telecast Details in India, Date, Time, and Fixtures |url=https://cricxtasy.com/news/bpl-2024-25-live-streaming-details-where-to-watch-bangladesh-premier-league-2024-25-telecast-details-in-india-date-time-and-fixtures/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=Cricxtasy |language=en-IN}}</ref> |colspan="2" |{{center|Babu}} |rowspan="6" |Dream11 |rowspan="6" |Fancode |- !{{flag|Canada}} |Global T20 Canada |2024<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global T20 Canada 2024: Know schedule, telecast and watch live streaming in India |url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/global-t20-canada-2024-schedule-match-times-telecast-watch-live-streaming-india |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=SportsAdda |language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|England}} |The Hundred |rowspan="2" |2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hundred 2025: Where to Watch Matches - TV Channels & Live Streaming in India |url=https://www.crictracker.com/cricket-news/the-hundred-2025-where-to-watch-matches-tv-channels-live-streaming-in-india/|access-date=2025-07-21|website=CricTracker|language=English}}</ref> |rowspan="2" |Culver Max Entertainment |rowspan="2" |Sony Sports Network |- |The Women's Hundred |- !{{flag|Nepal}} |Nepal Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where to watch Nepal Premier League in India|url=https://www.sportsadda.com/cricket/news/nepal-premier-league-npl-2024-schedule-squads-telecast-watch-live-streaming-match-times-india|access-date=2024-11-26|website=SportsAdda |language=English}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |- !{{flag|Pakistan}} |Pakistan Super League |2025<ref name=":9" /> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |- !{{flag|South Africa}} |SA20 |2023–2033<ref>{{Cite web |title=SA20 strikes landmark broadcast deal for Indian market |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/south-africa-news-sa20-strikes-landmark-broadcast-deal-for-indian-market-1343046 |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |JioStar |rowspan="4" |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|Sri Lanka}} |Lanka Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-25 |title=Star Sports partners with Lanka Premier League season 5 to broadcast live action in India |url=https://www.afaqs.com/news/mktg/star-sports-partners-with-lanka-premier-league-season-5-to-broadcast-live-action-in-india |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=afaqs! |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-29 |title=FanCode bags three year digital rights for Lanka Premier League |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/fancode-bags-three-year-digital-rights-for-lanka-premier-league/ |access-date=2024-07-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> |rowspan="3" |Dream11 |rowspan="3" |FanCode |- |Lanka T10 |2024<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Disney Star secures exclusive rights for T10 global tournaments - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/disney-star-secures-exclusive-rights-for-t10-global-tournaments/articleshow/113551767.cms |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref> |- !rowspan="2" |{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} |Abu Dhabi T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |- |International League T20 |2023–2032<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Entertainment: ZEE acquires global media rights for Emirates Cricket Board's UAE T20 league for 10 years - The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/zee-acquires-global-media-rights-for-emirates-cricket-boards-uae-t20-league-for-10-years/articleshow/87996595.cms |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=m.economictimes.com}}</ref> |Zee Entertainment Enterprises |Zee Network |Zee Entertainment Enterprises |ZEE5 |- !rowspan="2"|{{flag|United States}} |Major League Cricket |2025<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-12|title=Major League Cricket Live telecast: When and where to watch MLC 2025 live on TV and streaming in India? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/major-league-cricket-live-telecast-when-and-where-to-watch-mlc-2025-live-on-tv-and-streaming-in-india-2025-06-12-994316 |access-date=2025-06-12 |work=INDIA TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-12|title=MLC 2025 Live In India: TV Channels, Streaming Platforms & Match Timings|url=https://zeenews.india.com/cricket/mlc-2025-live-in-india-tv-channels-streaming-platforms-match-timings-all-you-need-to-know-2915107.html|access-date=2025-06-12 |work=ZEE news}}</ref> |rowspan="4" |JioStar |rowspan="4" |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |US Masters T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |rowspan="5" |Dream11 |rowspan="5" |FanCode |- !rowspan="3" |{{flag|West Indies}} |Caribbean Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roy |first=Vijay |date=2023-09-19 |title=CPL 2024 Squads, Format, Schedule & Broadcast Options |url=https://ultimatecricketguru.com/caribbean-premier-league-cpl-schedule-team-squads-live-broadcast/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Cricket Predictions, Tips, News, Odds & Offers |language=en-GB}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Women's Caribbean Premier League |2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-21 |title=Women's CPL 2024, Where To Watch Live: TV Channels, Live Streaming And Match Timings For Women's Caribbean Premier League |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/womens-caribbean-premier-league-2024/cricket-news/womens-cpl-2024-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-live-streaming-and-match-timings-for-womens-caribbean-premier-league |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref> |- |Global Super League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title= Global Super League T20 confirms worldwide broadcast partners for 2025 tournament |url=https://www.cricexec.com/global-super-league-t20-confirms-worldwide-broadcast-partners-for-2025-tournament/689557928/|access-date=2025-07-11 |website=cricexec.com|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |- !{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |Zim Afro T10 |2024<ref name=":11" /> |JioStar |Star Sports |} === Sauran gasa === Jerin masu watsa shirye-shiryen ''yanzu'': {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" |Gasa ! rowspan="2" |Lokaci ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin talabijin ! colspan="2" |Hakkokin yawo kai tsaye |- !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Cibiyar sadarwa !Ƙungiyar kamfanoni !Dandali |- |World Championship of Legends |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-18 |title=World Championship of Legends, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming for WCL 2025 |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/world-championship-of-legends-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming-for-wcl-2025 |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Celebrity Cricket League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-07 |title=CCL 2025 Live Streaming & Telecast |url=https://www.mykhel.com/cricket/ccl-2025-live-streaming-telecast-how-to-watch-celebrity-cricket-league-season-11-on-tv-mobile-339495.html |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=mykhel.com|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |International Masters League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Masters League to onboard 9 brands as sponsors and partners |url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/international-masters-league-to-onboard-9-brands-as-sponsors-and-partners-125022101317_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref> |JioStar |Colors Cineplex, Colors Cineplex Superhits |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |Legends League Cricket (T20) |2023-25 |JioStar |Star Sports |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Asian Legends League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-10 |title=Asian Legends League 2025: Where To Watch, Schedule, Squads, Telecast, Live Streaming |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/sports/cricket/asian-legends-league-2025-where-to-watch-schedule-squads-telecast-live-streaming-2025-03-10-980024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=INDIA TV|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |Dream Sports |FanCode |- |Legends League Cricket (T10) |2025 |Doordarshan |DD Sports |Prasar Bharati |[https://wavespb.com Waves] |- |Indian Street Premier League |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-15 |title=ISPL 2025 Live Streaming: When and where to watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/ispl-2025-live-streaming-when-and-where-to-watch-indian-street-premier-league-season-2-final/articleshow/118264339.cms |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref> |JioStar |Star Sports |JioStar |JioHotstar |- |Max60 Caribbean |2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-16 |title=Max60 Caribbean 2025, where to watch live: TV channels and live streaming |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/max60-caribbean-2025-where-to-watch-live-tv-channels-and-live-streaming |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=WISDEN|language=en}}</ref> |Culver Max Entertainment |Sony Sports Network |Dream Sports |FanCode |} == A cikin shahararriyar al'ada == An nuna wasan cricket a cikin shahararriyar al'adar Indiya a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na asalin ƙasar Indiya.<ref name="CO" /> Sau da yawa ana danganta shi da ƙaunar ƙasa da kishin ƙasa mai ƙarfi.<ref name="CO" /> === Fina-finai === An nuna wasan cricket sau da yawa a fina-finan Indiya daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun fina-finan shi ne ''M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'', fim ɗin da Arun Pandey da Fox Star Studios suka shirya, sannan Neeraj Pandey ya ba da umarni. Marigayi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Sushant Singh Rajput ne ya fito a matsayin kyaftin ɗin tawagar ƙasar Indiya Mahendra Singh Dhoni, wanda aka san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan kyaftin da ƙwararrun masu kammala wasa a tarihin cricket. Fim ɗin na cikin nau'in fim ɗin tarihin rayuwa da wasan kwaikwayo na wasanni, kuma ya kunshi wasu sassan rayuwar Mahendra Singh Dhoni, kamar yarintarsa, dangantakar iyali, ƙalubale, aure, shugabancin tawagar cricket ta ƙasar Indiya da kuma yadda ya taimaka wa Indiya ta lashe Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 2011 ta hanyar buga ƙwallon da ta kai ga maki shida. ''M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story'' ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu kallo da masu suka, inda ya samu kashi 80% a Rotten Tomatoes<ref>{{Cite web |title=M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ms_dhoni_the_untold_story |access-date=2017-05-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> da maki 8 a IMDb.<ref>{{Citation |title=M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016) - IMDb |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt4169250/ |access-date=2017-05-13}}</ref> ''83'' ma fim ne da Reliance Entertainment ta shirya kuma Kabir Khan ya ba da umarni. Ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ranveer Singh ne ya fito a matsayin kyaftin ɗin tawagar ƙasar Indiya Kapil Dev, wanda aka san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu jefa ƙwallo a tarihin cricket na Indiya. Fim ɗin na cikin nau'in fina-finan tarihi na Indiya, kuma ya ba da labarin nasarar da tawagar ƙasar Indiya ta samu a matsayin wadda ba a yi tsammanin za ta yi nasara ba a Kofin Duniya na Cricket na 1983. ''83'' ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu kallo da masu suka, inda ya samu kashi 80% a Rotten Tomatoes<ref>{{Cite web |title=83 - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/83 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> da maki 7.5 a IMDb.<ref name="IM">{{Citation |title='83 (2021) - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7518786/?ref_=tt_urv |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref> Bita da dama sun yaba wa fim ɗin saboda yadda ya jaddada kishin ƙasa da kuma yadda ya ba da labarin nasarar da Indiya ta samu a shekarar 1983 cikin salo mai ɗaukar hankali, duk da cewa wasu sun soki fim ɗin saboda ƙara wa wasu sassan labarin armashi fiye da kima.<ref name="IM" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Verma |first1=Amit |last2=Sharma |first2=Abhishika |last3=Srivastava |first3=Amitabh |date=2023-01-02 |title=Making Indian cricket history: review of the film 83 (2021) |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |journal=Media Asia |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=141–144 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2022.2099637 |issn=0129-6612 |s2cid=250659168|url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Mashahurai === Ana kallon 'yan wasan cricket na ƙasar Indiya a matsayin wasu daga cikin fitattun mashahurai a Indiya, musamman Sachin Tendulkar, wanda wasu ke ɗaukar shi da matsayi mai kama da na abin bautawa.<ref name="PC">{{Cite journal |last1=Nalapat |first1=Abilash |last2=Parker |first2=Andrew |date=December 2005 |title=Sport, Celebrity and Popular Culture: Sachin Tendulkar, Cricket and Indian Nationalisms |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1012690205065750 |journal=International Review for the Sociology of Sport |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=433–446 |doi=10.1177/1012690205065750 |issn=1012-6902 |s2cid=143036248 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A ƙarshen aikinsa na wasanni, Tendulkar ya fara shiga harkar siyasa, inda aka rantsar da shi a matsayin ɗan Majalisar Rajya Sabha, wato majalisar dattawan Indiya, a shekarar 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sachin Tendulkar sworn in as MP |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/413892/amp |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> shekara guda kafin ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekarar 2013. Duk da cewa Tendulkar bai taɓa bayyana alaƙarsa a hukumance da wata jam'iyyar siyasa ba, wasu wallafe-wallafe sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya fara zama abin koyi mai karkata ga Hindu bayan farkon ƙarni na 21 a lokacin aikinsa na cricket.<ref name="PC" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kavoori |first=Anandam |title=Cricket, Media and the Nation: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Three Mediated Moments in Indian Cricket |url=https://amityuniversity.ae/gmj-ae/journals/2021/1%20Anandam%20Kavoori.pdf |journal=Global Media Journal - Arabian Edition |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=1–14 |via=Amity University Dubai}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin cricket a kafafen sada zumunta == Ƙungiyoyin cricket biyar da suka fi shahara a kafafen sada zumunta a duniya duk ƙungiyoyin Indian Premier League ne tun daga shekarar 2024:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-25 |title=Most popular cricket clubs on social media in the world |url=https://fantasykhiladi.com/cricket/ipl/most-fan-following-ipl-team/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> {{row counter| {|class{{=}}"wikitable sortable" !#!!Ƙungiyar cricket!!Wuri!!Masu bibiyarta |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Chennai Super Kings||Chennai||40.5 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Mumbai Indians||Mumbai||36.3 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Royal Challengers Bengaluru||Bengaluru||31.9 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Kolkata Knight Riders||Kolkata||28.9 miliyan |- |style{{=}}"text-align:center;"|_row_count||Sunrisers Hyderabad||Hyderabad||14.2 miliyan |} }} ==Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} 7tarq3pp1nve9rfo3lnnccmps4sd7ux 0 172702 967037 962867 2026-10-13T01:46:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Michelle Yvette Busha''' ta kasance wacce ba a san ta da kisan kai ba a shekarar 1980 a Blue Earth, Minnesota. An warware kisan ta a shekarar 1989, amma ba a san ta ba har tsawon shekaru bayan ikirarin Robert Leroy Nelson, wanda tsohon Sojojin Jihar Minnesota ne. An gano gawar Busha a cikin shekara ta 2015 bayan an sami bayanan DNA bayan an gano gawar ta. An ruwaito cewa mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta masu cin zarafi sun tsare Busha a ware ta. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci tana zaune a matsayin matashiya mai gudu a [[Colorado]], ta koma gidan mahaifinta, ta yi abokai, kuma ta sami aiki a gidan kula da tsofaffi na gida. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ranar haihuwarta ta 18, ta shiga ƙungiyar abokai da ke kan hanyar zuwa [[Louisiana]]. A bayyane yake ta ci gaba da tafiyarta ta hanyar ziyartar [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] da [[Indiana|Indiya]]. Ba ta sake komawa gidan mahaifiyarta ba An sauke Busha a Minnesota ta hanyar abin hawa da ba a sani ba, kuma wani Sojojin Jihar Minnesota ne ya ba ta tafiya. Sojojin Jiha sun ci gaba da fyade, doke, azabtarwa, da kuma kashe ta ta hanyar maƙurewa. Ya cire [[Ƙumba|yatsunsu]] yayin da take da rai, kuma ya aske kanta. Mai kisan ya bar jikinta tsirara a cikin rami, amma ruwan sama mai yawa ya kai jikinta zuwa gonar [[masara]]. Wani manomi ne ya gano gawar Busha. == Rashin == Busha da ƙanwarta mahaifiyarsu da mahaifin su ne suka girma kuma suka yi karatu a gida. Sakamakon haka, 'yan'uwa mata sun kasance "da nisa sosai".Michelle ta gudu daga gida lokacin da take da shekaru 17 saboda mummunar rikici na iyali da cin zarafin mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta. Daga nan sai ta ƙare a jihar Colorado a watan Yulin shekara ta 1979, kewaye da mutane waɗanda suka yi amfani da rashin fahimta, shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma cin zarafin ta. Bayan gano inda take, mahaifin Michelle Don Busha Sr. nan da nan ya tashi zuwa Colorado don dawo da ita tare da shi da iyalinsa a Bay City, Texas. Michelle ta kwashe watanni masu zuwa a Bay City tare da mahaifinta, mahaifiyarta, uku daga cikin 'yan uwanta, da ƙanwarta. Rayuwarta tana ingantawa, yayin da take jin daɗin lokaci tare da dangi, ta yi abokai, kuma ta sami aiki a gidan kula da tsofaffi na gida. Ta kasance a Bay City har zuwa jim kadan bayan ranar haihuwarta ta 18. Bayan ranar haihuwar Michelle ta 18, a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 1979, ita da ƙungiyar abokai daga Bay City sun yanke shawarar tafiya a fadin ƙasar. An gan ta karshe a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1979 yayin da take tafiya tare da abokai zuwa Louisiana. Ta yi kira ga iyalinta daga Mississippi da Indiana tsakanin Janairu da Mayu 1980. Michelle za ta kira iyalinta gida a Bay City kowane mako zuwa biyu kuma ta sanar da su inda take, da kuma abin da ke faruwa a rayuwarta.<ref name="MBCA">{{Cite web |last=Schultz |first=George |date=27 June 2014 |title=Michelle Busha Investigative File I |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2299395-michelle-busha-investigative-file-i.html |access-date=9 December 2018 |website=www.documentcloud.org |publisher=Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210063442/https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2299395-michelle-busha-investigative-file-i.html |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Koyaya, bayan kiran ya tsaya, ƙaunatattun ta ji tsoron tsaronta. A ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1980, an ruwaito ta bace. Iyalin Michelle a Bay City sun ci gaba da lambar waya da adireshin, suna fatan za ta koma gida ko aƙalla ta sake tuntuɓar su. == Kisan kai == Sojojin Jihar Minnesota Robert Leroy Nelson, yayin da yake aiki, ya ba Busha tafiya a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1980, bayan ya ga abin hawa ya sauke ta kusa da hanyar Bricelyn tare da Interstate 90 . Ya yi wa Busha fyade, ya buge shi, ya [[Gallazawa|azabtarwa]] da shi kuma ya maƙure shi da ɗaurewa shi. An cire [[Ƙumba|yatsunsu]] yayin da take da rai kuma an aske kanta, sai dai wani yanki a bayan kanta, wanda aka bar kusan inci daya.<ref name="MBCA" /> Bayan kisan ta, an tura gawar zuwa rami tare da Interstate 90 kuma an cire tufafinta da abubuwan kansa kuma an zubar da su.<ref name="dn">{{Cite web |date=22 July 2000 |title=Case File 183UFMN |url=http://www.doenetwork.org/cases/183ufmn.html |access-date=9 December 2018 |website=www.doenetwork.org |publisher=[[The Doe Network]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210063444/http://www.doenetwork.org/cases/183ufmn.html |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An gano jikin da ya ruɓe, tsirara kimanin kwana uku zuwa mako guda bayan mutuwarta. Ruwan sama mai yawa ya wanke jikinta zuwa wani yanki mai ganuwa, inda wani manomi ya gano shi a tsakanin tsire-tsire masu fashewa. An kiyasta wanda ba a san shi ba yana tsakanin shekaru 20 zuwa 35. Ya bayyana cewa ta kasance mai wuce gona da iri, saboda ƙafafunta sun kasance mai cike da damuwa".Tana da tsayi 5 ft 1.60 kuma tana da nauyin {{Convert|128|lb|kg}} . Kunnen hagu, aƙalla, an soke shi kuma tana da ciwo mai yawa.<ref name="dn" /> Kusa da wurin, an sami tufafi masu jini da lasisin direba na Texas. Daga baya aka gano jinin na dabba ne kuma lasisin ya zama karya. Daga baya aka binne gawar a Kabari na Riverside a Blue Earth a cikin wani kabari mara alama. == Bincike == Bayan da aka ruwaito Busha ta ɓace a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar 1980, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don gano ta.<ref name="MBCA" /> A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1984, an lura da yiwuwar wasa tare da saitin ragowar da aka gano a New York.na ƙasar Amurka A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1984, an kwatanta bayanan haƙoranta da na wata mace da ba a san ta ba, wacce aka sani da Cheerleader in the Trunk, wacce aka gano a Maryland a shekarar 1982. An cire ta a matsayin mai yuwuwa a lokuta biyu. An kwatanta yatsan yatsa da bayanan haƙori da wadanda ba a san su ba da mutanen da suka ɓace daga Colorado da Minnesota amma ba su haɗa kai da kowane ɗayan yiwuwar wasa ba.<ref name="MBCA" /> An rarraba takardun da ke kwatanta lamarin a cikin ƙasa. Henry Lee Lucas ya furta cewa ya kashe wata budurwa a kan Interstate 90 a yankin, amma lokacin da aka tambaye shi a kurkuku a lokacin 1983, ya ba da cikakkun bayanai da ba su dace da kisan ba kuma an cire shi a matsayin wanda ake zargi. A watan Yunin 1988, yayin da yake hannun 'yan sanda a Smith County, Texas, tsohon Sojan Jihar Minnesota Robert Leroy Nelson ya furta cewa ya kashe wanda aka azabtar yayin aiki. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa bai san sunanta ba, amma a bayyane yake tana tafiya zuwa Idaho ko Oregon kuma ta kwashe lokaci a yankin Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Ya yarda ya ɗaure ta don hana ta tserewa. 'Yan sanda sun sami ikirarinsa gaskiya ne, yayin da ya bayyana cewa ya cire yatsunsu, gaskiyar da ba a sake ta a bainar jama'a ba a lokacin. Ya yi ikirarin aikata kisan kai na farko, yayin da ya riga ya yi wa hukuncin rai biyu saboda fyade a Texas.<ref name="how" /> An yanke masa hukuncin karin watanni 86 a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, 1989.<ref name="MBCA" /> Nelson ya bar Minnesota bayan ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar addini.<ref name="who" /> Mazaunin Blue Earth Deborah Anderson ya yi sha'awar lamarin a shekarar 2002 kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kawo kisan a idon jama'a. Anderson ya sadu da jami'ai kuma ya gabatar da wani shiri na tara kudade don fitar da gawawwakin wanda aka azabtar, wanda daga ƙarshe aka shirya don ƙarshen Yuli 2014.<ref name="MBCA" /> A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 2014, an gano jikin don bayanan DNA, wanda aka samu nasarar. Dukan tsari zai kashe kusan $ 10,000, amma an yi fitar da gawa ba tare da farashi ba ta gidan jana'izar gida da kamfanonin gine-gine, inda suka bar kawai farashin $ 1,000 don gwajin DNA na ainihi. A shekara ta 2004, an bincika gashi daga jiki kuma an haɓaka bayanin DNA na mitochondrial (ko da yaushe ba shi da ƙayyadaddun bayanai fiye da bayanin DNA na nukiliya saboda ƙananan kwayoyin halitta da ke cikin DNA na mito chondrial).<ref name="MBCA" /> Hukumomi a baya sun dauki bayanan haƙoranta kuma sun sami yatsan hannu guda ɗaya daga ragowar don kwatanta da yiwuwar dacewa.<ref name="dn" /> Bayan ganowar, Cibiyar Kula da Yara da suka Rubuce da An yi amfani da su ta hanyar MRI ta kirkiro sabon gyare-gyaren fuska.<ref name="MBCA" /> An kuma yi gwajin isotope a kan haƙori ta Cibiyar Smithsonian don gano yankuna inda wanda aka azabtar ya rayu kafin mutuwarta.<ref name="father" /> Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa wanda aka azabtar yana da shekaru 17 zuwa 23 kuma mai yiwuwa fari ne tare da yiwuwar cakuda Afirka.<ref name="MBCA" /> A ranar 5 ga watan Maris,a shekara ta 2015, samfurori da aka samu daga iyalinta a 2007 sun dace da gawar ta. An kuma kwatanta bayanan haƙori. An gano gawar a hukumance a ranar 13 ga watan Maris. Daga nan aka ƙone gawarwakin kuma aka saki ga iyalin Busha a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu,a shekarar 2015 . <ref name="MBCA" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h5k606fdv842y3y2x2sh9ro1mja7lek 0 172769 966809 955624 2026-10-12T13:17:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eimear E. Kenny''' mai bincike ne a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta da kuma ilmin kwayoyin halitta na fassara, kuma shine Daraktan Kafa Cibiyar Lafiyar Kwayoyin Halitta, kuma Shugaba kuma Farfesa na Lafiyar Kwayoyin Halitta a Makarantar Magunguna ta Icahn da ke Mount Sinai . An san ta da sabbin hanyoyin bincike a fannin kwayoyin halitta, inda take ci gaba da nazarin bambancin kwayoyin halittar dan adam da kuma alaƙarsa da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka da kuma gano su. Bincikenta ya kafa harsashin haɗa [[Kirkirar Basira|fasahar wucin gadi]] (AI) da ilimin halittar jiki cikin ingantaccen magani da kuma kulawar asibiti ta yau da kullun. Ta hanyar haɗa ilimin halittar jiki, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da magani, aikinta yana amfani da fasahar tsara kwayoyin halitta da kuma tsarin koyon injin don gano fahimta da ke inganta kulawar marasa lafiya, haɓaka nazarin bayanan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma ba da damar makomar kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da AI. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eimear Kenny |url=https://www.agbt.org/speaker/eimear-kenny-2/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=AGBT |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta jagoranci gwaje-gwajen asibiti da dama da suka dogara da kwayoyin halitta, inda ta yi amfani da ilmin lissafi da kuma AI a wuraren asibiti don inganta maganin kwayoyin halitta da kuma kula da lafiya daidai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.popgenhealth.com/test |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=Population Genomic Health |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bincike == Wanda ya karɓi kyautar Farko-Sana'a daga Ƙungiyar Nazarin Halittar Dan Adam ta Amurka (Amurka), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=William |date=2022-07-20 |title=ASHG Honors Eimear Kenny, PhD with the 2022 Early-Career Award |url=https://www.ashg.org/publications-news/ashg-news/202207-early-career-award/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=ASHG |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610151704/https://www.ashg.org/publications-news/ashg-news/202207-early-career-award/ |archive-date=2024-06-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Award Recipients |url=https://www.ashg.org/membership/awards/past-recipients/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=ASHG |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenny, tun daga shekarar 2024, yana jagorantar wata ƙungiya a fannin ilimin kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar kwamfuta, da magani, yana mai da hankali kan asalin kwayoyin halitta, manyan kwayoyin halitta, gwaje-gwajen asibiti, da kuma maganin kwayoyin halitta a Cibiyar Lafiyar Kwayoyin Halitta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Sinai Hospital – EMERGE |url=https://emerge.study/mount-sinai/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dakin gwaje-gwajen yana aiki don haɓaka fahimtar asalin kwayoyin halitta da tasirinsa ga lafiya domin ya sanar da ingantattun samfuran magungunan asibiti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eimear E. Kenny, Assistant Professor – eMedEvents |url=https://www.emedevents.com/speaker-profile/eimear-e-kenny |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=www.emedevents.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Eimear Kenny – H3Africa |url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/consortium/independent-expert-committee/dr-eimear-kenny/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> An san ta da aikinta na amfani da biobanks don nazarin kwayoyin halitta na fassara da kuma haɓaka sabbin gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta, dabarun kula da lafiya. A wani bincike, ita da abokan aikinta sun yi bincike kan cututtukan kwayoyin halitta da ba a gano su sosai ba saboda rashin isasshen bayanai, kuma sun gano wani bambanci a cikin kwayar halittar collagen da ke da alaƙa da [[Steel syndrome|ciwon ƙarfe]] . Wannan ciwo yana haifar da gajeriyar jiki da matsalolin ƙashi da haɗin gwiwa kuma ana tsammanin ba kasafai ake samunsa ba. Duk da haka, binciken ya nuna cewa yana da yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da asalin Puerto Rica . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |date=2023-10-26 |title=Improving diversity in the genomics field |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/program-in-quantitative-genomics-conference-improving-diversity-in-the-genomics-field/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Harvard School of Public Health |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eimear Kenny, PhD – AMP2022 |url=https://amp22.amp.org/program/speakers/eimear-kenny/ |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=amp22.amp.org |archive-date=2024-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609165817/https://amp22.amp.org/program/speakers/eimear-kenny/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje uku na likitancin genomic na Kenny sun tantance yadda ake kawo sabbin fasahohi, kamar manhajojin dijital, ko bayanai, kamar makin haɗarin polygenic, cikin kulawar asibiti ta yau da kullun. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekarun 2010, Kenny ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manyan nazarin jerin abubuwa, ciki har da Aikin Genomes 1000, Aikin Exome Sequencing, Aikin Genome Sequencing, da kuma Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine. A shekarar 2012, ta jagoranci aikin da ya gano nau'in gashin da ke da alhakin launin ruwan kasa a Melanesia, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |last3= |date=2024-05-19 |title=The History of Black People with Blond Hair |url=https://newsone.com/4487980/black-people-with-blonde-hair-explained/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Newsone |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-07 |title=Blond Hair of Melanesians Evolved Differently Than Those of Europeans |url=https://scitechdaily.com/blond-hair-of-melanesians-evolved-differently-than-those-of-europeans/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=SciTechDaily |language=en-US}}</ref> aikin da aka nuna a cikin Smithsonian NGHRI Human Genome Exhibition a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] A cikin 2017, ƙungiyarta ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da suka nuna cewa maki na haɗarin polygenic da aka samo daga yawancin al'ummomin [[Turai]] sun ragu da daidaito lokacin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin al'ummomin da yanzu aka amince da su a matsayin babban ƙalubale a fannin hasashen haɗarin kwayoyin halitta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=A. R. |last2=Gignoux |first2=C. R. |last3=Walters |first3=R. K. |last4=Wojcik |first4=G. L. |last5=Neale |first5=B. M. |last6=Gravel |first6=S. |last7=Daly |first7=M. J. |last8=Bustamante |first8=C. D. |last9=Kenny |first9=E. E. |date=2023-05-10 |title=Human Demographic History Impacts Genetic Risk Prediction across Diverse Populations |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |language=en |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=635–649 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.03.004 |pmc=5384097 |pmid=28366442}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Martin |first=Alicia R. |last2=Gignoux |first2=Christopher R. |last3=Walters |first3=Raymond K. |last4=Wojcik |first4=Genevieve L. |last5=Neale |first5=Benjamin M. |last6=Gravel |first6=Simon |last7=Daly |first7=Mark J. |last8=Bustamante |first8=Carlos D. |last9=Kenny |first9=Eimear E. |date=2017-04-06 |title=Human Demographic History Impacts Genetic Risk Prediction across Diverse Populations |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=635–649 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.03.004 |issn=1537-6605 |pmc=5384097 |pmid=28366442}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Bincike a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama da NIH ke ɗaukar nauyinsu, waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan ilimin kwayoyin halitta da kuma maganin kwayoyin halitta, gami da Bayanan Lafiya na Lantarki da Genomics, Hanyoyin Haɗarin Polygenic a cikin Al'umma Mabambanta, da kuma Ƙungiyar Tunanin Pangenome ta Dan Adam . In 2023, Kenny played a key role in a groundbreaking advancement in genomics research by helping to map a diverse human pangenome—a major shift from reliance on a single reference genome. Unlike the earlier genetic map, based on one man of mixed European and African ancestry in Buffalo, this new pangenome project captures far greater human genetic diversity. As reported by ''The Washington Post'', Kenny's work demonstrates how a more inclusive human genome can drive discoveries in rare genetic diseases, improve genomic medicine, and accelerate the future of precision healthcare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-10 |title=Scientists announce rough draft of human pangenome |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/scientists-announce-rough-draft-human-pangenome-rcna83120 |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=LAURA UNGAR Associated |date=2023-05-10 |title='Pangenome,' a new DNA reference, will reflect human diversity |url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2023-05-10/dna-reference-guide-expanded-to-reflect-human-diversity |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> == Education and career == Kenny ya kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Trinity Dublin da digirin BA a fannin Biochemistry a shekarar 1999, sannan ya yi digirin masters a fannin Bioinformatics a Jami'ar Leeds . Ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta na kwamfuta (Computeral Genomics) a Jami'ar Rockefeller, kuma ta yi aikin digirin digirgir a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Dr. Carlos D. Bustamante a [[Jami'ar Stanford]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=STAGE ISSS: Eimear Kenny |url=https://canssiontario.utoronto.ca/event/stage-isss-eimear-kenny/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=canssiontario.utoronto.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-05 |title=Eimear Kenny {{!}} Irish America |url=https://www.irishamerica.com/honoree/eimear-kenny-2/ |access-date=2024-06-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Academic appointments === Ya zuwa shekarar 2024, a Dutsen Sinai, tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar da aka ba ta kuma Farfesa a fannin Lafiyar Kwayoyin Halitta, Farfesa a Sashen Magunguna da Farfesa a Sashen Kwayoyin Halitta da Kimiyyar Kwayoyin Halitta. Tun daga shekarar 2018 ta yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Kafa Cibiyar Lafiyar Kwayoyin Halitta, kuma tun daga shekarar 2022, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halittar Halitta. Ita ce kuma Daraktar Binciken Fassara, Sashen Magungunan Halitta. Former appointments include Assistant Professor at the Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Member at The Charles Bronfman Institute of Personalized Medicine, both at Mount Sinai. She was also Bioinformatics Programmer at the California Institute of Technology, and research assistant at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ORCID |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-759X |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=orcid.org}}</ref> == Publications == As of 2024, Kenny is an advisor to Cell Genomics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory Board, Cell Genomics |url=https://www.cell.com/cell-genomics/advisory-board |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=Cell Genomics}}</ref> Google Scholar reports 50,623 citations, an h-index of 66 and an i10-index of 130. The five most-cited articles she contributed to are: * {{Cite journal |last=Auton |first=A |last2=Brooks |first2=LD |last3=Durbin |first3=RM |last4=Garrison |first4=EP |last5=Kang |first5=HM |last6=Korbel |first6=JO |last7=Marchini |first7=JL |last8=McCarthy |first8=S |last9=McVean |first9=GA |last10=Abecasis |first10=GR |year=2015 |title=A global reference for human genetic variation |journal=Nature |volume=526 |issue=7571 |pages=68–74 |bibcode=2015Natur.526...68T |doi=10.1038/nature15393 |pmc=4750478 |pmid=26432245}}. Cited by 14847<ref>{{Cite web |title=A global reference for human genetic variation |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=ObdsXj8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=ObdsXj8AAAAJ:86PQX7AUzd4C |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * {{Cite journal |last=Abecasis |first=GR |last2=Auton |first2=A |last3=Brooks |first3=LD |last4=DePristo |first4=MA |last5=Durbin |first5=RM |last6=Handsaker |first6=RE |last7=Kang |first7=HM |last8=Marth |first8=GT |last9=McVean |first9=GA |year=2012 |title=An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-11-01_491_7422/page/56 |journal=Nature |volume=491 |issue=7422 |pages=56–65 |bibcode=2012Natur.491...56T |doi=10.1038/nature11632 |pmc=3498066 |pmid=23128226}}. Cited by 8287<ref>{{Cite web |title=An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=ObdsXj8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=ObdsXj8AAAAJ:qxL8FJ1GzNcC |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * Jacob A. Tennessen et al. ''Evolution and Functional Impact of Rare Coding Variation from Deep Sequencing of Human Exomes''.Science337,64–69(2012).DOI:10.1126/science.1219240 Cited by 1886<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tennessen |first=Jacob A. |last2=Bigham |first2=Abigail W. |last3=O'Connor |first3=Timothy D. |last4=Fu |first4=Wenqing |last5=Kenny |first5=Eimear E. |last6=Gravel |first6=Simon |last7=McGee |first7=Sean |last8=Do |first8=Ron |last9=Liu |first9=Xiaoming |last10=Jun |first10=Goo |last11=Kang |first11=Hyun Min |last12=Jordan |first12=Daniel |last13=Leal |first13=Suzanne M. |last14=Gabriel |first14=Stacey |last15=Rieder |first15=Mark J. |date=2012-07-06 |title=Evolution and Functional Impact of Rare Coding Variation from Deep Sequencing of Human Exomes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-07-06_337_6090/page/64 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=337 |issue=6090 |pages=64–69 |bibcode=2012Sci...337...64T |doi=10.1126/science.1219240 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=3708544 |pmid=22604720}}</ref> * {{Cite journal |last=Taliun |first=D. |last2=Harris |first2=D.N. |last3=Kessler |first3=M.D. |display-authors=etal |year=2021 |title=Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program |url= |journal=Nature |volume=590 |issue=7845 |pages=290–299 |bibcode=2021Natur.590..290T |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03205-y |pmc=7875770 |pmid=33568819}}. Cited by 1369<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sequencing of 53,831 diverse genomes from the NHLBI TOPMed Program |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=ObdsXj8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=ObdsXj8AAAAJ:1sJd4Hv_s6UC |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> * {{Cite journal |last=Vilhjálmsson |first=BJ |last2=Yang |first2=J |last3=Finucane |first3=HK |last4=Gusev |first4=A |last5=Lindström |first5=S |last6=Ripke |first6=S |last7=Genovese |first7=G |last8=Loh |first8=PR |last9=Bhatia |first9=G |last10=Do |first10=R |last11=Hayeck |first11=T |last12=Won |first12=HH |last13=Kathiresan |first13=S |last14=Pato |first14=M |last15=Pato |first15=C |display-authors=1 |year=2015 |title=Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-human-genetics_2015-10-01_97_4/page/576 |journal=Am J Hum Genet |volume=97 |issue=4 |pages=576–92 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.001 |pmc=4596916 |pmid=26430803}}. Cited by 1327<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modeling linkage disequilibrium increases accuracy of polygenic risk scores |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=ObdsXj8AAAAJ&citation_for_view=ObdsXj8AAAAJ:R3hNpaxXUhUC |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 98rkbt8lfmsvd1gjdwjklinvdjnbpjl 0 172936 967008 962787 2026-10-12T22:15:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kasuwancin Highlands da Tsibiri''' ita ce hukumar ci gaba ta tsaunukan da tsibiran [[Scotland]], wata hukuma mai zaman kanta ta gwamnati mai zaman kanta wacce ba ta da ma'aikata a gwamnatin Scotland, wacce ke da rawar da za ta taka wajen "taimakawa wajen gina tattalin arziki mai wadata, mai dorewa da kuma hada kan jama'a a fadin tsaunukan da tsibiran, tare da jawo hankalin mutane da yawa don zama, aiki, karatu, zuba jari da kuma ziyarta a can." <ref>{{Cite web |title=How we work |url=https://www.hie.co.uk/support/how-we-work/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise}}</ref> == Tarihi == HIE ita ce hukumar da ta gaji '''Hukumar Ci Gaban Tsibirai da Tsaunuka''' (HIDB), wadda aka ƙaddamar a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1965, kuma ita ce ke da alhakin rarraba tallafin gwamnati don ci gaban tattalin arziki da al'adu na tsaunukan. Shugaban farko na HIDB shine Farfesa Robert Grieve . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: 1960's |url=https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1960s/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829124401/https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1960s/ |archive-date=29 August 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jami'in diflomasiyya mai ritaya Sir Andrew Gilchrist ne shugaban ƙungiyar daga 1970 zuwa 1976. Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin aikinta shine haɓaka haɗin gwiwar al'umma. A shekarar 1991, an maye gurbin HIDB da Highlands and Islands Enterprise, wanda shi ma ya karɓi nauyin daga Hukumar Horarwa don kafa HIE. Iain Robertson, wanda aka naɗa a matsayin Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na HIDB a shekarar 1990, ya ci gaba da jagorantar sabuwar hukumar. Sabuwar ƙungiyar ta yi niyyar zama mai raba iko, inda za a mayar da hankali kan yanke shawara da kuma kula da kasafin kuɗi zuwa ga hanyar sadarwa ta Kamfanonin Kasuwanci na Gida 10, kowannensu yana da nasa Shugaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: 1990's |url=https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1990s/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wani babban sauyi a ƙungiyar a shekarar 1993 ya sa aka rage yawan sassan ƙungiyar daga bakwai zuwa biyar. A shekara ta 2008, an sake yin wani babban sake fasalin, inda aka mayar da shawarwarin aiki da shirye-shiryen horarwa na ƙasa zuwa sabuwar hukumar ƙasa &#x2013; Ci gaban Ƙwarewa a Scotland . A shekarar 2014, HIE ta samar da kuɗaɗen gina kamfanin sarrafa giya na Harris . An naɗa Charlotte Wright a matsayin babbar jami'a a watan Yunin 2017, bayan ta riƙe muƙamin babbar jami'a ta riƙo tun watan Agustan da ya gabata. == Yankin da HIE ta rufe == [[File:NUTS_3_regions_of_Scotland_map.svg|thumb| Yankin da HIE ta rufe ya yi daidai da matakin ƙasa da ƙasa na UKM6 (wuraren kore a taswira)]] HIDB da farko ta rufe yankin da aka ayyana a matsayin yankuna masu tasowa: Shetland, Orkney, Caithness, Sutherland, Ross-shire, Inverness-shire da Argyll . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution, Functions and Administration of the HIDB |url=https://timeline.hie.co.uk/media/1383/constitution-functions-and-administration-of-the-hidb.pdf |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627230355/http://timeline.hie.co.uk/media/1383/constitution-functions-and-administration-of-the-hidb.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1975 an fadada yankin da aka rufe don haɗawa da tsibirin Arran da Bute da waɗancan sassan sabon yankin majalisar Highland da ba su riga sun kasance cikin ikonsa ba. A shekara ta 1979 yankin HIDB ya kara ya hada da tsibirin Clyde na Great da Little Cumbrae, kuma a shekara ta 1986 an sake tsawaita shi don rufe Moray.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: 1970's |url=https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1970s/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829124403/https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1970s/ |archive-date=29 August 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline: 1980's |url=https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1980s/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829132229/https://timeline.hie.co.uk/timeline/1980s/ |archive-date=29 August 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yankunan da HIE ta rufe a yanzu sune: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our region |url=https://www.hie.co.uk/our-region/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Highlands and Islands Enterprise}}</ref> * Argyll da Tsibiran, waɗanda suka mamaye Argyll da Bute ban da yankin Helensburgh da Lomond, da kuma Arran da Cumbraes a Arewacin Ayrshire * Babban Tsauni : ** Caithness da Sutherland ** Inner Moray Firth (gami da Inverness ) ** Lochaber, Skye da Wester Ross * Moray * Shetland * Orkney * Gebrides na waje == dabarun == Tsarin '''Highlands and Islands Enterprise na''' cibiyoyin ci gaban tattalin arziki da al'umma kan aiki don gina ci gaban tattalin arziki mai dorewa a dukkan sassan yankin. Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Gwamnatin Scotland ne ke jagorance su a wannan, da kuma Tsarin Farfado da Tattalin Arziki na Scotland. HIE tana aiki a ofisoshinta guda 13 a duk faɗin tsaunuka da tsibirai, ciki har da ofisoshin yanki guda 10, daga Benbecula zuwa Forres da Lerwick zuwa Lochgilphead. Manufar HIE ita ce ta samar da Tsarin Tattalin Arziki na Gwamnatin Scotland wanda ke da nufin ƙirƙirar ƙasa mafi nasara, tare da damarmaki ga dukkan Scotland don bunƙasa, ta hanyar ƙara ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa. Dabarar ta kafa manufofi guda biyar na dabaru, domin Scotland ta zama: * Mai arziki da adalci * Mai Wayo * Lafiyayye * Mafi aminci da ƙarfi * Mai kore Tsarin Aiki na HIE ya bayyana muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi saka hannun jari a kasafin kudinta na shekara-shekara bisa ga dabarun tattalin arzikin kasa. Tsarin dabarun gwamnatin Scotland, Skills for Scotland, shi ma yana sanar da HIE aikinta. Tsarin dabarun ya nuna muhimmancin ci gaban tattalin arziki na samar wa mutane ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa da ilimi, da kuma tabbatar da amfaninsu da kyau da kuma amfani. Duk da cewa Ci gaban Ƙwarewa a Scotland ita ce babbar hukuma a wannan fanni, HIE ta ci gaba da sha'awar fannoni na ƙwarewa a yankin. Musamman ma, yana tallafawa ci gaban ma'aikata. HIE ta kuma taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar kayayyakin more rayuwa na ilmantarwa da kuma taimakawa Cibiyar UHI Millennium wajen zama Jami'ar Highlands and Islands . HIE yanzu haka tana kan sabuwar harabar jami'a a An Lochrann. Kungiyar da ta dace da yankin tsakiya da gabashin Scotland ita ce Scottish Enterprise ; hukumar ci gaban kudancin kasar ita ce South of Scotland Enterprise . Hukumomin ci gaba uku suna aiki tare da Scottish Development International, wanda ke neman tallafawa kamfanonin Scotland don haɓaka fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who we work with |url=https://www.scottish-enterprise.com/our-organisation/about-us/who-we-work-with |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228054015/https://www.scottish-enterprise.com/our-organisation/about-us/who-we-work-with |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=Scottish Enterprise}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3vwxck2iz2j23fchrl53a0etvr9cpgj 0 172994 967035 941819 2026-10-13T01:35:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''kisan Jesse Valencia''' ya faru ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 2004, a harabar Jami'ar Missouri a Columbia, Amurka. Jami'in 'yan sanda na Columbia, Steven Rios, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa na Valencia a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004. == Wanda aka azabtar == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Jesse James Wade Valencia''' 22 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 1981 zuwa 5 ga watan Yuni,a shekara ta 2004 an haife shi ne a yankin Boyle, Kentucky . Yana daya daga cikin yara uku, yana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. Bayan makarantar sakandare, Valencia ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Valencia ya kasance ƙarami mai shekaru 23 a Jami'ar Missouri a Columbia, Boone County, Missouri . Yayinda yake a jami'a, Valencia ya yi karatun shari'a da aikin jarida; ya kuma yi aiki a Campus Inn Motel . An binne Valencia a gonar iyali a Perryville, Kentucky . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maneater &#124; Rios sentenced to life for 2004 slaying |url=https://www.themaneater.com/stories/outlook/rios-sentenced-life-2004-slaying |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520092236/https://www.themaneater.com/stories/outlook/rios-sentenced-life-2004-slaying |archive-date=20 May 2020 |access-date=22 June 2021 |website=www.themaneater.com}}</ref> == Mai aikata laifin == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Steven Arthur Rios''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1977), jami'in 'yan sanda na Columbia wanda ƙungiyarsa ta ɗauka da kyau kuma tare da matarsa da jariri a lokacin kisan, an same shi da laifin kisan Valencia a watan Satumbar shekara ta 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN.com - Police officer convicted of killing gay lover - May 23, 2005 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/23/rios/ |access-date=22 June 2021 |website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> An yanke wa Rios hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai ba tare da izini ba saboda kisan kai da kuma hukuncin shekaru goma a jere don tuhumar da ta shafi (don amfani da makami yayin aikata laifin). Daga baya aka soke hukuncinsa bayan da alƙali ya yanke hukuncin cewa an shigar da jita-jita a cikin shaida a lokacin shari'arsa ta farko. Wani sake shari'a ya haifar da hukuncin Rios na kisan kai na biyu da kuma aikata laifuka, wanda ya haifar da wani ɗaurin rai da rai da kuma ƙarin shekaru ashirin da uku. == Tarihi == Valencia ya kasance ɗan luwaɗi a bayyane a kwalejinsa, wanda mutanen da yake ƙauna suka goyi bayan, kuma zai kasance tare kuma yana da dangantaka ta kusa a lokacin da yake kwaleji. An kira Rios don ya raba wata ƙungiya watanni biyu kafin kisan Valencia. Valencia ta halarci kuma ta yi adawa da harin, don haka Rios ya kama shi. Bayan ya tambayi tambayoyin sirri da yawa na Valencia a kan tafiyar zuwa tashar, Rios ya ziyarci Valencia washegari kuma daga baya suka fara yin jima'i. Rios zai ci gaba da isa ba tare da sanarwa ba a sararin samaniya na Valencia ba tare da gargadi ba, inda musayar jima'i za ta faru kafin Rios ya ɓace a kowane lokaci. Ɗaya daga cikin abokan hulɗa na Valencia, Andy Schermerhorn, ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin ziyarar kuma ya tilasta masa shiga cikin ayyukan jima'i, tare da Valencia ya rantse shi ya yi shiru. Valencia ya yi magana da mahaifiyarsa, Linda, game da cin hanci da rashawa kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin ƙaddamarwa duk da haka bai san komai game da Rios ba, watakila ciki har da sunansa. Kamar yadda ba a sauke tuhumar ba, Valencia ta kasance a shirye don bayar da rahoton Rios ga sashen sa, wanda ya gaya wa abokinsa Joan Sheridan.<ref name="The Murder of Jesse Valencia">{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2020 |title=The Murder of Jesse Valencia |url=https://www.talkmurderwithme.com/blog/2020/7/22/jesse-valencia |access-date=November 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126064900/https://www.talkmurderwithme.com/blog/2020/7/22/jesse-valencia |archive-date=November 26, 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kisan kai == Valencia ya bar aikinsa a motel, sannan ya tafi wani biki na harabar. Ya sha a wurin liyafar kuma yana dawowa da ƙafa, bayan ya kira ɗaya daga cikin abokansa a daren da ake tambaya. Wani rukuni na dalibai ya sami Valencia ya mutu tsakanin gine-ginen harabar biyu da safe, an kiyasta an kashe shi wani lokaci jim kadan kafin asuba. An yanke makogwaronsa da wuka mai laushi, mai zurfi don ya kwashe kashin baya. Ba shi da raunuka na karewa, amma alamun maƙurewa a makogwaronsa sun nuna cewa an maƙure shi kafin a yanke shi. Rios na ɗaya daga cikin jami'an farko da suka gano Valencia bayan ya mutu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raphael |first=Shannon |date=April 27, 2020 |title=The 2004 Slaying of College Student Jesse Valencia Will Be Featured on 'Dateline' |url=https://www.distractify.com/p/what-happened-to-jesse-valencia |access-date=November 26, 2022}}</ref> == Ci gaban shari'a == Schermerhorn ya ba da rahoton ga 'yan sanda shirye-shiryen Valencia tare da Rios, amma kawai ya san cewa shi dan sanda ne. Duk da mamakin sashen, an kawo Schermerhorn don duba hotunan littafin shekara na sashen don ganowa. Lokacin da Schermerhorn ya wuce Rios lokacin da aka kawo shi dakin da ake tafiya zuwa, sai ya gaya wa jami'an da zarar ya shiga ciki cewa Rios shine mutumin da ya gani tare da Valencia kuma ya sa maza biyu su yi jima'i da shi. Rios ya musanta kisan, amma ya yarda cewa shi da Valencia suna da alaƙa da jima'i lokacin da aka kawo Schermerhorn a matsayin shaida. Da yake ba da samfurin DNA, an gano DNA na Rios a ƙarƙashin ƙusa na Valencia, amma an sake shi tunda wannan bai ɗaure shi da kisan ba kuma ba a daidaita haɗin kai da kowane ka'idojin doka da za a caje shi.<ref name="The Murder of Jesse Valencia" /> Rios ya kira kyaftin dinsa, Zim Schwartze, yana nuna laifi game da wasu mummunan aiki, har ma ya ce ya sayi bindiga kuma yana da niyyar kashe kansa. Kyaftin din yana da Rios a karkashin jajircewar gaggawa don tsaron kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayden |first=Aly Vander |date=December 23, 2019 |title=Missouri Police Officer Murders College Student After He Threatens To Expose Their Affair |url=https://www.oxygen.com/an-unexpected-killer/crime-news/patrolman-steven-rios-kills-lover-jesse-valencia-affair |access-date=November 26, 2022}}</ref> Rios ya tsere kuma ya sake yin barazanar kashe kansa ta hanyar tsalle daga wurin ajiye motoci, amma an tsare shi kuma an sake sanya shi a asibiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dade |first=Caroline |date=April 24, 2020 |title=Revisiting the Steven Rios murder case |url=https://www.komu.com/news/revisiting-the-steven-rios-murder-case/article_827118fd-3be7-5ac2-acb3-41481caa9419.html |access-date=November 26, 2022}}</ref> Mai binciken ya kalli Valencia na biyu, ya sami rauni a kirjinsa da baya. 'Yan sanda sun amince da cewa ta hanyar fasaha ta musamman, amma Valencia ya kara rauni saboda ya yi yaƙi. Saboda Rios ya kasa horar da kansa, wanda zai bayyana rashin nasarar da aka yi, kuma gashin hannayen Rios yana kan kirji na Valencia lokacin da aka fitar da su don kare kansu, an kama Rios kuma an tuhume shi da kisan Valencia.<ref name="The Murder of Jesse Valencia" /> Masu gabatar da kara sun yi jayayya cewa Valencia ta bukaci a kawo karshen lamarin a lokacin ganawarsa ta gaba da Rios, yayin da ya gano cewa yana da danginsa. Rios ya yi fushi, ya kori Valencia a waje, kuma ya kashe shi a cikin halaye da aka gano. Rahotanni daga baya sun kuma bayyana cewa Rios ya ba da shawarar wasu mutane, musamman mata, don jin daɗin jima'i bayan an kama su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vanapalli |first=Viswa |date=August 30, 2021 |title=Jesse Valencia Murder: Where is Steven Rios Now? |url=https://thecinemaholic.com/jesse-valencia-murder-where-is-steven-rios-now/ |access-date=November 26, 2022}}</ref> Tsaron Rios ya yi ƙoƙari ya jefa shakku ta hanyar bayyana halin Valencia a matsayin wanda ba a amince da shi ba kuma yana jayayya da abokan hulɗa da yawa na Valencia sun ba da lissafin Rios ba shi da alhakin. Har yanzu ana tuhumar Rios, na farko da kisan kai a karo na farko, sannan kisan kai na biyu a cikin sake shari'a, kuma ya kasance a kurkuku har zuwa shekara ta 2022. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j9q9hhu2lamckf6rquxem1ai6o1oxq0 0 173096 967094 942174 2026-10-13T10:24:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jolie Gabor, Countess de Szigethy (an haife ta '''Jama'a Tilleman'''; Satumba 30, 1896 - Afrilu 1, 1997) ta kasance 'yar asalin Hungary ce kuma mai ba da kayan ado, kuma mahaifiyar' yan wasan kwaikwayo da 'yan uwanta Magda, Zsa Zsa da Eva Gabor . == Iyali == [[File:Birth_Record_for_Jolie_Gabor_(born_Jancsi_Tilleman).jpg|left|thumb|Rubuce-rubucen haihuwa ga Janka Tilleman]] An haifi Gabor Janka Tilleman a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1896, a [[Budapest]], Austria-Hungary . Iyayenta sune Jona (ko Jónás) Hersch Tilleman (ɗan Schie Tilleman da Scheindel Grossman) da Chawe Feige (daga baya Franceska) Tilleman (née Reinharz, Reinharcz, ko Reinhartz; 'yar Eiseg Reinharz da Dorottya Stein); duka iyayen Jolie sun kasance daga asalin [[Yahudawa]] na Galician (Galicia na lokacin wani ɓangare na Daular Austriya, daga baya [[Poland]] sannan [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]]). Tillemans masu kayan ado ne waɗanda ke da shagon kayan ado da aka sani da "The Diamond House". Mahaifinta ya canza sunansa zuwa József . Wani likitan tiyata, Dokta Laszlo Tauber, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Paul |date=July 31, 2002 |title=Laszlo Tauber Dies at 87; A Patron in War and Peace |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/31/us/laszlo-tauber-dies-at-87-a-patron-in-war-and-peace.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> shi ma Bayahude ne kuma aboki da maƙwabcin Gabors a Budapest. Iyalin Reinharz na mahaifiyar Gabor sun kafa shagunan kayan ado a Vienna; kawun mahaifiyarta ya taimaka wa Tillemans su bude kasuwancin kayan ado, "The Diamond House", wanda ke Rákóczi utca 54. a Budapest. Franceska (gwauruwar Joseph Tilleman), ta ɗan yi aure da likita kuma babban likita, Dokta Miksa Kende (née Kohn), ɗan Mór Lipót Kohn da Resi Kohn . Gabor ita ce kawun Annette Tilleman (an haife ta a shekara ta 1931), 'yar ɗan'uwan Jolie Sebestyén Tilleman, kuma matar wakilin Amurka na Hungary Tom Lantos (an haifi Lantos Tamás Péter, a Budapest), na farko, kuma har zuwa yau kawai, wanda ya tsira daga Holocaust don yin aiki a kowane gida na Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. Szebasztian Tilleman (ko Tillemann a matsayin reshe na salon iyali da kansu) da mahaifiyarsa, mai suna Tilleman matriarch Franceska, an kashe su a lokacin wani hari na Allied a [[Budapest]] a cikin 1944. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Warner |first=Joel |date=July 10, 2008 |title=Denver's Own Royal Tenenbaums |url=http://www.westword.com/2008-07-10/news/denver-s-own-royal-tannenbaums/3 |publisher=Denver Westword |page=3}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Da yake magana game da sunan haihuwarta, yawanci ana ajiye shi ga mazajen Hungary, Gabor ya ce, "Iyayina suna da sha'awar samun ɗa sun ba ni suna Jancsi, wanda aka fassara ya fito da Little John ko Johnny".[1] Takardar shaidar haihuwarta, duk da haka, ta nuna sunanta na haihuwa "Janka". Ko da yake an haife ta a shekara ta 1896, Gabor ta yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a shekara ta 1900, sau ɗaya ta yi ba'a cewa ta yi ƙarya sosai game da shekarunta ba ta tuna ainihin ranar haihuwarta ba.[2][3] Labarin mutuwarta a cikin The New York Times ya ba da shekara ta haihuwa ta 1900. [4] A kan fasinja na jirgin ruwa mai kwanan wata 30 ga Disamba, 1945, Gabor ta ba da shekarunta a matsayin shekaru 45 da watanni biyu, wanda zai sanya shekarar haihuwarta 1900. Takardar shaidar haihuwarta, duk da haka, ta tabbatar da shekarar haihuwarta ta zama 1896.[5] Marubucin Dominick Dunne ya bayyana, a cikin 1995, cewa an yi imanin cewa Gabor yana da shekaru 109, wanda zai nufin shekara ta haihuwa kusan 1886. [6] Shekarar haihuwar 1900 duk da haka, za ta sanya ta 13 a lokacin aurenta na farko. Littafin 1987 na Biographical Dictionary, ya ambaci cikakken ranar haihuwar Jolie Gabor a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1896, kamar yadda aka yi a 1959 International Celebrity Register . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fransiska Reinhartz 1879 {sic} - 1944 |url=http://records.ancestry.com/fransiska_reinhartz_records.ashx?pid=189275688 |access-date=December 23, 2016 |publisher=ancestry.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A cikin shekarun 1930, Gabor ta buɗe Crystello, shagon da ke sayar da lu'ulu'u da porcelain a Budapest, da kuma ''Jolie's'', shagon kayan ado da kayan ado a 4 Kígyó utca a Budapest; ta kuma kafa wani reshe na wannan shagon a Győr. A ƙarshe akwai irin waɗannan shaguna guda biyar a yankin Budapest. Har ila yau, kayan ado na kamfanin sun haɗa da duwatsu masu daraja kuma ana sha'awar su saboda saitunan tsohuwarsu da aikin su. "Kamar yadda aka san Bulgari a Roma, wannan shine yadda aka san ni sosai a Budapest", in ji Jolie sau ɗaya. "Jolie ta yi kyau sosai cewa a lokacin hutu suna tsaye a waje a layi suna jira har sai wani ya fita daga ciki. "Haɓakar Nazism a Jamus ta tilasta mata ta rage kasuwancin ta, Gabor ta tuna, "Kowa ya ce, 'Jima'i ta haukace don zuwa yanzu zuwa Berlin da Leipzig don kayan ado.' Ba na sake tafiya ba. An tilasta mata rufe shagunan lokacin da 'yan Jamus suka mamaye Hungary, a wannan lokacin ita da sauran danginta suka gudu zuwa Portugal. Carlos Sampaio Garrido ne ya taimaka musu, jakadan Portugal a Hungary - 'yar Gabor Magda an ruwaito ta kasance mataimakiyarta ko uwargidansa - wanda ya ba da mafaka ga Yahudawa da yawa na Hungary a cikin 1944 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Carlos Almeida Afonseca de Sampayo Garrido |url=http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/saviors/diplomats/list/dr-carlos-almeida-afonseca-de |access-date=December 23, 2016 |publisher=raoulwallenberg.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1996 |title=The Most Wives Club |url=http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/December-1996/The-Most-Wives-Club |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529222934/http://www.palmspringslife.com/Palm-Springs-Life/December-1996/The-Most-Wives-Club/ |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |access-date=December 31, 2011 |publisher=Palm Springs Life}}</ref> Wani labarin a cikin Vanity Fair ya bayyana a cikin 2001 cewa a karkashin jagorancin Sampaio ne aka fitar da iyalin "... daga kasar ..."Ɗan'uwanta, Sebestyén (ko Sebastian), wanda shi ma mai kayan ado ne, ya shafe wani ɓangare na yaƙin a sansanonin aiki, tun daga 1942, har sai an kashe shi da mahaifiyarsu gwauruwa, Franceska, daga baya a wani hari na [[Budapest]]. Gabor ya isa Amurka a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1945, yana da shekaru 49. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolie Gabor Jewels |url=http://imageevent.com/queensjewels/joliegaborjewels |access-date=December 23, 2016 |publisher=imageevent.com}}</ref> Ta bude kasuwancin kayan ado mai cin nasara (wanda ake kira kawai Jolie Gabor) a Birnin New York a 1946, tare da $ 7,200 da aka aro daga 'ya'yanta mata. Daga baya ya koma 699 Madison Avenue. Gabor ya kuma kafa reshe na kamfanin a Palm Springs, California. Daga cikin masu zanen kamfanin sun kasance Elsa Beck da Stephen Kelen d'Oxylion, da kuma 'yarta, Magda. <ref name="San Antonio Light 1950, p. 16" /> Ɗaya daga cikin masu siyarwa ita ce Evangelia Callas, mahaifiyar diva mai zuwa [[Maria Callas]] . A shekara ta 1953 shagon ya gabatar da yatsun yatsun ƙarfe masu ban sha'awa da aka shafa da rhinestones. A shekara ta 1975, kusan shekaru 80, Jolie ta sanya hannu tare da Ofishin Lecture na Keene a matsayin mai magana mai ban sha'awa. Ta zagaya kasar tana magana game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin kyakkyawa da karfafa mata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3sbwyq3izh5qat9ozr476iubvfu3cer 0 173132 967039 942233 2026-10-13T02:10:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''[[Kisan Kiyashi|kisan kiyashi]] na Villatina''' kisan kiyashi ne na yara takwas da matashi daya da 'yan sanda na [[Kolombiya|Colombian]] suka yi a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1992 a birnin [[Medellín]] . 'Yan sanda na Colombia sun kashe su ne daga ƙungiyoyi matasa kafin kisan kiyashi ya faru, kuma' yan sanda na Colombia suna ƙoƙarin ɗaukar fansa a kan kungiyoyin ta hanyar aiwatar da kisan kiyashin. Babu wani daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan kiyashi da 'yan daba ne; dukansu mambobi ne na kungiyar [[Protestan bangaskiya|Kirista na Furotesta]]. == Tarihi == A cikin yakin basasa da ke gudana a ƙasar [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], matasa da yawa sun shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin titi da 'yan bindiga daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, matasa a Colombia sun yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun yi niyya ba tare da la'akari da ko suna da hannu a ayyukan haramtacciya ba. Masu gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan niyya ramuwar gayya ce ga kisan jami'an 'yan sanda. A cewar wadannan masu gwagwarmaya, kungiyoyin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Colombia za su ba da kyauta don kisan wani jami'in 'yan sanda, kuma saboda matasa da ke zaune a talauci ana ɗaukar su masu laifi ne, 'yan sanda galibi suna niyya da su don ramawa ga ayyukan kungiyoyin. == Kisan kiyashi == A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba,a shekarar 1992, da misalin karfe 9:00 na yamma, yara takwas da babba daya, duk mambobi ne na ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Kirista]], suna tsaye a kusurwar titi a gabashin [[Medellín]]. Motoci uku sun ja zuwa kusurwa, kuma mutane goma sha biyu sun fita dauke da makamai na 'yan sanda. Ganin wannan, matasa sun fara fitar da katunan tantancewa, amma maza sun umarce su da su kwanta a ƙasa. Da zarar sun kwanta, mutanen sun bude musu wuta.<ref name="IAC" /> A wani lokaci maza sun yi muhawara game da kare rayuwar Johana Mazo Ramírez mai shekaru takwas, wanda kafafunsa ke cikin simintin, amma daya daga cikin lambobin su ya kashe ta bayan sun yi jayayya, Yaya za mu iya barin su da rai idan su ne wadanda suka kashe mu.<ref name="hrc" />Takwas daga cikin mutane tara da aka kai hari an kashe su, kuma 'yan bindigar sun tsere daga wurin bayan da wani sintiri daga Sojojin Colombia ya isa. Ɗaya daga cikin wadanda aka azabtar ya ji rauni kuma ya tsira na ɗan lokaci kafin shi ma ya mutu. Sunayen da shekarun wadanda abin ya shafa sune Johana Mazo Ramírez (8), Johny Alexander Cardona Ramírez (17), Ricardo Alexander Hernández (17), Giovanny Alberto Vallejo Restrepo (15), Oscar Andrés Ortiz Toro (17), Ángel Alberto Barón Miranda (16), Marlon Alberto Álvarez (17), Nelson Duban Flórez Villa (17), da Mauricio Antonio Higuita Ramírez (22).<ref name="IAC">{{Cite court|date=2005-10-27}}</ref> == Kyauta == Kafin ya mutu, wanda aka azabtar wanda ya ji rauni kuma aka tura shi asibiti ya gaya wa mahaifiyarsa cewa daya daga cikin 'yan bindigar memba ne na Sashen leken asiri na' yan sanda na Colombia, wanda ake kira F-2. <ref name="IAC" /> Tattaunawar da ta biyo bayan kisan kiyashi ta mayar da hankali kan jami'an 'yan sanda da yawa da ke zaune a yankin, mambobin F-2 da na' yan sanda na shari'a. Saboda wadanda abin ya shafa matasa ne ko kuma masu fafutuka, a bayyane yake cewa wannan ba harbi ba ne. Ra'ayoyi da yawa game da dalilin aikata laifuka sun bayyana a cikin makonni bayan haka; cewa harin ramuwar gayya ce ta 'yan sanda don kisan jami'an' yan sanda biyu a farkon wannan rana, cewa an yi kuskuren wadanda abin ya shafa a matsayin ƙungiyar matasa kuma an kashe su ta hanyar haɗari, ko kuma an yi niyya ga wadanda abin ya rutsa da su saboda da yawa daga cikinsu masu gwagwarmaya ne.<ref name="hrc" /> Daga baya gwaje-gwaje na ballistics sun tabbatar da cewa harsasai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kisan kai sune wadanda 'yan sanda na Colombia da Sojojin Colombia suka yi amfani da ita.<ref name="IAC" /> Iyaye, dangi, da abokai na wadanda abin ya shafa sun yi magana game da laifin, kuma sun bukaci adalci a fili. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa an tsoratar da su nan da nan bayan laifin a gidan ajiye gawa. Yayin da binciken ya ci gaba, wannan tsoratar, a cewar wadanda ke da alaƙa da wadanda abin ya shafa, ya karu. A ranar da binciken hukuma ya kammala cewa an yi mummunan aiki kuma an ba da sunayen waɗanda ake zargi da aikata kisan gilla ga kotunan farar hula, maza masu rufe fuska sun ratsa unguwar suna neman mutane da yawa. An sanar da sansanin Sojojin Colombia na yankin, kuma bayan da aka yi yaƙi da mutanen da ke rufe fuska, biyu daga cikinsu sun ji rauni kuma an kama su. Su mambobi ne na 'yan sanda na shari'a waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri takardun bincike don farautar shaidu. Wadanda suka halarci shari'ar da ta biyo baya sun sami barazanar mutuwa da yawa. A sakamakon haka, an tura shari'ar da bincike zuwa [[Bogotá]]. Babu wani hukunci na laifi a cikin shari'ar, kuma Colonel Hernandez, mutumin da ake zargi da ba da umarnin harin, ya kasance a matsayinsa tare da 'yan sanda. An tura wasu maza da ake zargi da kasancewa da hannu. A shekara ta 1996, gwamnatin Colombia ta amince a fili cewa jami'an 'yan sanda sun kai harin, kuma sun nemi gafara ga iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa. A shekara ta 1998, yunkurin farko na cimma matsaya na farar hula da ke da alaƙa da shari'ar ya gaza. Wani yunkuri na biyu, wanda Hukumar Inter-American Commission on Human Rights ta jagoranta, ya yi nasarar samar da sasantawa a shekara ta 2002. A ciki, gwamnati ta amince da biyan wadanda abin ya shafa, ta biya don gina abin tunawa a gare su a wani wurin shakatawa, da kuma bin zarge-zargen aikata laifuka a kan masu aikata laifukan. Ana ci gaba da tunawa da kisan kiyashi, kuma an gina abin tunawa ga wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin Parque del Periodista, Park of Journalists . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Villa Isaza |first=Berta Lucia |date=2008-11-14 |title=Villatina massacre still unpunished |url=http://www.ecbloguer.com/globalnewsroom/?p=2451 |access-date=2009-10-25 |publisher=elColombiano.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == 5mqd3tg4e7wio78m4b8v856vyl7028m 0 173562 967097 943731 2026-10-13T10:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shirin H-Prize jerin kyaututtuka ne da aka nufa don karfafa bincike game da amfani da Hydrogen a matsayin Mai ɗaukar makamashi a cikin Tattalin arzikin hydrogen. [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] ce ke daukar nauyin shirin kuma Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Hydrogen ce ke gudanar da shi. A cikin shekara ta 2014, an ƙaddamar da gasar H-Prize don haɓaka ƙaramin ƙarni na hydrogen da tashar mai don motocin lantarki na hydrogen. Kyautar, mai suna H2 Refuel H-Prize kuma mai daraja $ 1 miliyan, an ba da ita a watan Janairun 2017, ga ƙungiyar "SimpleFuel". == Halitta == Dokokin kyautar, wanda Rep. Bob Inglis ya gabatar, ya wuce Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a watan Mayu 2006 a matsayin H.R. 5143, amma bai sami kuri'a a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka ba. Bayan da Rep. Dan Lipinski ya sake gabatar da shi a farkon sabon wa'adi a watan Janairun 2007, daga ƙarshe an ninka shi cikin Dokar Independence da Security ta 2007, wanda ya wuce duka Majalisar Wakilai da Majalisar Dattijai sannan aka sanya hannu a cikin doka a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007. Kudin ya ba da izini dala miliyan 50 a cikin kyautar kuɗi, don lokacin daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa shekara ta 2017. Koyaya, don a kashe su, dole ne a haɗa waɗannan kudade a cikin takardun kudi na shekara-shekara na Majalisa. Dokar ta samar da nau'o'i uku na kyaututtuka: * Kyaututtuka huɗu har zuwa dala miliyan 1, ana ba da su a kowace shekara biyu don ci gaba a cikin samar da hydrogen, ajiya, rarrabawa da amfani; * Kyauta ɗaya har zuwa dala miliyan 4, wanda aka ba da shekaru biyu ga samfuran aiki na motocin hydrogen waɗanda suka cika burin aiki mai ban sha'awa; da * Babban kyautar dala miliyan 10, wanda aka bayar sau ɗaya kawai a lokacin shirin don babban ci gaban fasaha. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2008, an zaɓi [[Hydrogen Education Foundation|Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Hydrogen]] ta [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], DC don gudanar da H-Prize tare da SCRA, tushen bincike na Kudancin Carolina. == Kyaututtuka == A watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, [[Ofishin Inganta Makamashi da Sabunta Makamashi|Ofishin Ingancin Makamashi da Makamashi Mai Sabuntawa]] (EERE) Ofishin Fasahar Fasahar Fuel Cell (FCTO) na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta ba da kyautar dala miliyan 1 don sabbin kayan ajiyar hydrogen wanda za a ba da kyautar a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2009 |title=Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 164 / Wednesday, August 26, 2009 / Notices |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2009/08/26/E9-20552/initial-h-prize-competition-for-breakthrough-advances-in-materials-for-hydrogen-storage |access-date=21 January 2010}}</ref> Koyaya, ba a taɓa ba da kyautar ba saboda babu mai fafatawa da ya cika bukatun gasar. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, EERE FCTO ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen dala miliyan 1 na H2 Refuel H-Prize, kuma an ƙaddamar da gasar kyautar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014. Gasar ta mayar da hankali kan bunkasa kananan tashoshin man fetur na hydrogen wanda zai iya samar da hydrogen daga wutar lantarki ko iskar gas kuma ya rarraba shi ga motoci aƙalla 1 kg a lokaci guda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunita Satyapal |date=27 March 2014 |title=Interested in Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies? Help Shape the H2 Refuel H-Prize Competition |url=http://energy.gov/eere/articles/interested-hydrogen-and-fuel-cell-technologies-help-shape-h2-refuel-h-prize |access-date=8 April 2014 |publisher=[[Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy]]}}</ref> Wanda ya ci nasara, SimpleFuel, an sanar da shi a watan Janairun 2017, bayan gina tsarin samfurin kuma ya sami nasarar kammala lokacin gwaji. SimpleFuel ƙungiya ce ta kamfanoni uku, PDC Machines, Ivys, Inc, da McPhy Energy North America. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sunita Satyapal |date=19 January 2017 |title=Energy Department Announces SimpleFuel Winner of the $1 Million H2 Refuel H-Prize |url=https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/articles/energy-department-announces-simplefuel-winner-1-million-h2-refuel-h-prize |access-date=23 January 2018 |publisher=[[Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124011310/https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/articles/energy-department-announces-simplefuel-winner-1-million-h2-refuel-h-prize |archive-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=Hydrogen Education |title=Consortium SimpleFuel Wins $1 Million in U.S. Department of Energy's H-Prize |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/consortium-simplefuel-wins-1-million-in-us-department-of-energys-h-prize-300394924.html |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == lqmjuejg0jjkbpnac129vulnlfu1o5f 0 173635 967093 943887 2026-10-13T10:20:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hope Cement Works''' is a cement plant located near to the village of Hope in Derbyshire, England. The plant is mostly self-contained with its own shale and limestone quarries adjacent, with only fuel and small amounts of additives needing to be brought in. The site is located inside the Peak District National Park, and so is subject to tighter planning restrictions than other cement plants in the United Kingdom. It is now the largest cement plant in the United Kingdom (in terms of tonnages of cement), and is also one of the largest emitters of CO2 within the national park. == Tarihi == Shuka ta fara shekara ta farko ta samarwa a 1929, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rendel |first=Simon |date=March 1991 |title=Hope cement works 1943–89 |journal=Landscape Research |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=31–40 |doi=10.1080/01426399108706328}}</ref> kuma da farko tana samar da tan 50,000 (ton 55,000) na siminti a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=Breedon Group's Hope Cement plant |url=https://www.globalcement.com/magazine/articles/1069-breedon-group-s-hope-cement-plant |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.globalcement.com}}</ref> An faɗaɗa shuka a cikin 1935, 1948, 1961, da 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hope Cement Works |url=https://her.derbyshire.gov.uk/MDR8824 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Derbyshire Historic Environment Record}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shuka ta kasance a Hope, saboda tana gefen inda dutse mai laushi na Monsal Dale Group, ya haɗu da shale (Edale Shale), manyan abubuwan da suka dace da siminti.{{Sfn|Elbah|2002}}Gidajen shale suna arewa da gabas na ayyukan, yayin da dutse mai laushi yana kudu.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Richard}}</ref> Binciken ilimin ƙasa da aka gudanar a cikin 1927-1928 ya tabbatar da dacewa da ajiyar dutse da shale don samar da siminti.<ref name="p821">{{Cite journal |last=Fearnsides |first=W. G. |last2=Templeman |first2=A. |date=1932 |title=A BORING THROUGH EDALE SHALES TO CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE AND PILLOW LAVAS, AT HOPE CEMENT WORKS, NEAR CASTLETON, DERBYSHIRE |url=https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/pygs.22.2.100 |journal=Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=100–121 |doi=10.1144/pygs.22.2.100 |issn=0044-0604 |access-date=6 September 2026}}</ref> Wani samfurin tsarin dutsen lemun tsami shine ma'adinai mai suna fluorspar, wanda ake amfani dashi azaman sinadarai. Da farko, an yi siminti tare da tsarin 'ruwa', wanda ya yi amfani da murhu biyu, tare da wasu biyu da aka kara a cikin shekarun 1930 da na biyar a cikin 1952. A cikin shekarun 1960, haɓakar shuka ya haifar da canza shi zuwa tsarin 'bushe', wanda ya fara a cikin 1970 tare da murhu biyu, amma tare da fitarwa mafi girma a cikin tonnage, tare da adadin man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi.{{Sfn|Elbah|2002}} Tun daga shekara ta 1951, lokacin da aka kirkiro Gundumar Peak, yawancin zirga-zirgar da ke fitowa daga shuka an fitar da su ta hanyar dogo. Wannan buƙata har yanzu yana aiki a cikin karni na 21, tare da hukumomi suna ci gaba da sha'awar su na dogo don sarrafa rabon zaki na zirga-zirga zuwa da daga shuka. Halitta wurin shakatawa na kasa ya kuma shafi fadadawa da wuraren dutse kamar yadda ka'idojin izinin tsarawa suka fi tsananin gaske a cikin wurin shakatawa.{{Sfn|Elbah|2002}} Lafarge ne ya sayi shuka a shekara ta 2001, bayan da suka karɓi Blue Circle Cement. An ba da izinin haɗuwa da Lafarge da Tarmac Group a kan yanayin da za a sayar da wasu abubuwa na kungiyoyin biyu don hana sabon kamfanin samun iko a wasu yankuna. Wannan yana nufin aikin siminti a Hope ya zama mallakar Mittal Group, kuma an sake masa suna Hope Construction Materials a cikin 2013. A cikin 2016, Breedon ta sayi kayan aikin gini na Hope don fam miliyan 336, wanda ya haɗa da tashoshin tarawa daban-daban da siminti da tsire-tsire na kankare. &nbsp;Bayan rufe wasu tsire-tsire na siminti yanzu shine mafi girman mai samar da siminti ta hanyar tonnage a cikin Ƙasar Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cement {{!}} Breedon Group |url=https://www.breedongroup.com/products/cement#:~:text=Breedon%20operates%20two%20cement%20plants,the%20most%20modern%20in%20Europe. |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=www.breedongroup.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Minerals & Aggregate Extraction in High Peak & Derbyshire Dales |url=https://www.highpeak.gov.uk/media/2674/Minerals--Aggregate-Extraction-in-High-Peak--Derbyshire-Dales---Draft-Report/pdf/Minerals___Aggregate_Extraction_in_High_Peak___Derbyshire_Dales_-_Draft_Report.pdf |access-date=18 December 2020 |website=highpeak.gov.uk |page=7}}</ref> [[File:Hope_Quarry_-_geograph.org.uk_-_209727.jpg|left|thumb|Fitar da Bege]] Kimanin kashi 66% na ayyukan da aka fitar (1,000,000 ton (1,100,000 ton)) ana jigilar su daga shafin ta hanyar hanyar hanyar jirgin kasa da ke haɗi zuwa Hope Valley Line.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Falconer |first=Words and Photos: Robert |title=90 years of the Hope Valley Cement Works |url=https://www.derbyshirelife.co.uk/out-about/places/hope-valley-cement-works-1-6241333 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=derbyshirelife.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Layin jirgin kasa yana gudana na sarkar (2.7 kuma yana haɗawa da hanyoyi bakwai da ake kira Earle's Sidings . Wuraren da aka yi amfani da su a baya sun haɗa da Northenden ([[Manchester]]), Dewsbury a Yammacin Yorkshire, Tanhouse Lane a Widnes, da kuma siminti zuwa Carlisle. A zamanin masu zaman kansu, sabbin wuraren da Hope ta yi amfani da su sun zo ne saboda daidaitawa a cikin masana'antun siminti da jirgin ƙasa; an maye gurbin tashoshin da ke Northenden da Widnes da ɗaya a Weaste, kuma Hope ta aika siminti zuwa Theale, Colnbrook da Moorswater a Cornwall. A cikin 2020, an sami wuraren ajiya don ci gaba da jigilar siminti ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa a Dewsbury, Walsall, Reading (Theale), da Dagenham. Wani bincike a shekarar 2020 ya tabbatar da cewa masana'antar ta goyi bayan ayyukan yi 270 kuma ta kawo sama da fam miliyan 60 cikin tattalin arzikin yankin.&nbsp; A cikin 2024 an maye gurbin babban mai murkushe shafin, wanda ke aiki tun 1952, a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban haɓakawa.<ref name="y463">{{Cite web |last=Lloyd-Perks |first=Alfie |date=14 March 2025 |title=QMS replaces primary crusher at Breedon's Hope Cement Works |url=https://www.worldcement.com/europe-cis/14032025/qms-replaces-primary-crusher-at-breedons-hope-cement-works/ |access-date=6 September 2026 |publisher=World Cement}}</ref><ref name="f280">{{Cite web |last=Woodford |first=Guy |date=10 March 2025 |title=QMS replaces primary crusher at Breedon's Hope Cement Works |url=https://www.aggbusiness.com/qms-replaces-primary-crusher-at-breedons-hope-cement-works |access-date=6 September 2026 |website=Aggregates Business}}</ref> ==manazarta== m5jd0rjtxoq8fvzmzfzj0obcengkaf2 0 173650 967083 943948 2026-10-13T09:37:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwamitin '''Helsinki na Bulgaria''' ( Bulgarian ) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta kare [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] da aka kafa a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1992 a [[Sofiya|Sofia]], [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] . Manyan manufofinta sune kariya da kuma inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Bulgaria. Tare da ma'aikata sama da 30, Kwamitin Helsinki na Bulgaria shine babban [[wiktionary:watchdog|mai sa ido kan]] kare hakkin dan adam a kasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bghelsinki.org/en/ |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=www.bghelsinki.org, Български хелзинкски комитет}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Институт за изследване на близкото минало |trans-title=Institute for the Study of the Recent Past |url=http://minaloto.bg/ |access-date=2019-06-04 |website=Институт за изследване на близкото минало |language=bg-BG}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1975, kasashe da yawa sun sanya hannu kan Dokar Ƙarshe ta Helsinki, gami da kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai, a Helsinki, Finland. Da farko a shekara ta 1976, an kafa kungiyoyin masu tsaron Helsinki da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasashen Gabas ta Gabas. A shekara ta 1982, an kafa Tarayyar Helsinki ta Duniya don daidaita kwamitocin Helsinki. <ref name="orgHis">{{Cite web |title=История |trans-title=History |url=https://bghelsinki.org/istoriya/ |access-date=April 5, 2026 |website=Български хелзинкски комитет |language=bg}}</ref> An kafa kwamitin Helsinki na [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1992 tare da hedikwatar a [[Sofiya|Sofia]], Bulgaria. Kungiyar ta kasance memba na Tarayyar Helsinki ta Duniya da ke Vienna har zuwa lokacin da Tarayyar ta fadi a 2007. A zamanin yau kungiya ce mai zaman kanta. Kwamitin ya yi rajista tare da rajistar tsakiya na Bulgarian na kungiyar da ba ta da riba a cikin amfanin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Begränsa din sökning |trans-title=Narrow your search |url=http://ihf-hr.org/Statement.07December2007.pdf |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=he.org}}</ref> == Manufofin == Manufofin Kwamitin Helsinki na Bulgarian sune kariya da ingantawa tare da mayar da hankali ga haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru da kungiyoyi masu rauni. Kungiyar tana da hannu sosai don sauye-sauyen majalisa a fagen haƙƙin ɗan adam; tana da hannu a cikin muhawara ta jama'a game da batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa kuma tana ba da shawara don kare haƙƙin ɗanɗano. Kwamitin kuma yana da hannu a cikin ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam, taron taro da ƙungiyar bita, ayyukan jama'a da sauran ayyukan jama'ar tare da mai da hankali kan haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-03 |title=Bulgaria - Bulgarian Helsinki Committee Disappointed Over Prosecutor-General Election - Standart |url=http://paper.standartnews.com/en/article.php?d=2012-12-22&article=40927 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103122035/http://paper.standartnews.com/en/article.php?d=2012-12-22&article=40927 |archive-date=2013-11-03 |access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulgarian Helsinki Committee Sends Open Letter to DW - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency |url=https://www.novinite.com/articles/153921/Bulgarian+Helsinki+Committee+Sends+Open+Letter+to+DW |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=www.novinite.com}}</ref> == Tsarinsa == Kwamitin Helsinki na Bulgarian yana karkashin kulawar ƙungiyoyi biyu: Kwamitin Babban Taron da Kwamitin Gudanarwa. Babban Taron shine babban bangare na kungiyar kuma ya hada da dukkan mambobin kwamitin (members 25 a farkon 2013). Kwamitin Gudanarwa ne Babban Taron ke nada shi, kuma yana da ayyukan zartarwa. == Shirye-shiryen == Kwamitin Helsinki na Bulgaria yana aiki ta hanyar shirye-shirye biyar: Shirye-shirye da gudanarwa, Tsaro na Shari'a, Kulawa da bincike, Kamfen da sadarwa da kariya ta Shari'a ga 'yan gudun hijira da baƙi. Kungiyar tana buga mujallar kowane wata. == Kudin == Kwamitin kungiya ce mai zaman kanta kuma an ba da gudummawa gaba ɗaya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan manyan masu ba da gudummawa sun kasance ƙungiyoyin jama'a da masu zaman kansu, kamar su Gidauniyar Leon Levy, Gidauniyoyin Open Society, Gidauriyar Oak, Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira, Hukumar Kare Hakki ta Tarayyar Turai, Hukumar Tarayyar Tarayyar, Hukumar Amurka ta Ci Gaban Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funding |url=http://www.bghelsinki.org/en/about-us/funding/ |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=www.bghelsinki.org, Български хелзинкски комитет}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual report of the BHC activity |url=https://issuu.com/bghelsinki/docs/activity-report-2010-en |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224112232/https://issuu.com/bghelsinki/docs/activity-report-2010-en |archive-date=2023-02-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 618qcxp9m1pyvx3ysqx72z89wrc3th8 0 174002 967041 945037 2026-10-13T02:35:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kofin Kungiyar Mata ta FA''' gasar cin kofin [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata|kwallon kafa]] ce ta Ingila ta shekara-shekara, wacce Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata (WFA) ta kafa a shekarar 1991. Wasan farko na Kofin ya hada da kungiyoyi daga 1991-92 WFA National League Premier Division kuma masu nasara sun kasance Arsenal na biyu, wanda ya doke Millwall 1-0 tare da burin Naz Ball. [[The Football Association|Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa]] ta dauki nauyin gudanar da gasar a 1994-95. Kungiyoyi daga matakan league 1 da 2 sun fafata a gasar cin kofin Firimiya ta Mata a kowace shekara har zuwa 2009-10, tare da Arsenal mafi yawan masu nasara, a cikin yanayi goma.<ref name="RSSSF">{{Cite web |title=England – List of Women League Cup Winners |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/eng-womleagcuphist.html |access-date=25 May 2012 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> Daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa gaba, manyan kungiyoyin sun taka leda a gasar cin kofin [[Kungiyar Mata ta Super League|FA WSL]] a maimakon haka. Tun daga shekara ta 2011, kungiyoyin da suka fi cin nasara a gasar cin kofin Premier / National League sun kasance Tottenham da Blackburn tare da nasarori biyu na karshe kowannensu. Kofin Kungiyar Mata ta yanzu yana buɗewa ga ƙungiyoyi 72 a cikin Kungiyar Mata na Ƙasar FA - ƙungiyoyin Arewa da Kudancin, tare da ƙungiyoyi huɗu na yanki na Division One.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FA women's football leagues and competitions |url=http://www.thefa.com/womens-girls-football/leagues-and-competitions/introduction-to-womens-leagues-and-competitions}}</ref> Wasan kwallon kafa ne na mata daidai da gasar EFL ta maza na kungiyoyi na uku da na huɗu, kodayake kungiyoyi masu mulki daban-daban ne ke shirya gasar. Canji ga tsarin gasar daga kakar 2025-26 zuwa gaba ya ga shigar da bangarorin Kwalejin Wasanni na Kwararru a karon farko.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FA Women's National League announces key dates and changes to promotion for 2025/26 season |url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/en/Article/FA-WNL-Key-Dates-Changes-Promotion-2025-26-20250630 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tsari == Tsarin gasa ya canza a cikin shekaru, tare da wasu lokutan da suka hada da matakin rukuni na baya kafin zagaye na knockout. Bayan sake fasalin gasar Premier League ta mata a shekarar 2015 har zuwa kungiyoyi 72 sun cancanci shiga. Da farko duk kungiyoyi suna fuskantar juna a zagaye na ƙayyadewa. Kungiyoyin da suka ci nasara ana jawo su cikin ko dai zagaye na farko ko kai tsaye cikin zagaye na biyu na kofin. Don haka kungiyoyi 32 suna wasa a zagaye na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2014 |title=Premier League Cup and Plate Preliminary rounds |url=http://www.shekicks.net/news/view/10534 |access-date=1 September 2014 |publisher=shekicks.net}}</ref> Wadanda suka yi hasara a zagaye na farko suna buga zagaye na biyu sannan kuma zagaye na 32 zuwa gaba don FA Women's National League Plate, wanda aka fara buga a 2015-16. Shekarar 2025-26 ta ga canji ga tsarin Kofin League, tare da gabatar da matakin rukuni da shigar da bangarorin Kwalejin Wasanni na Kwararru a karon farko. Da farko an zana ƙungiyoyi zuwa ƙungiyoyi 22 na ƙungiyoyi huɗu, daga cikinsu masu cin nasara 22 da 10 mafi kyawun masu cin gaba sun ci gaba zuwa matakan knockout na Kofin. Sauran 12 da suka zo na biyu, da kuma 20 mafi kyawun kungiyoyi na uku sun ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout na National League Plate. Daga can, duka Kofin da Plate sun gudanar da zagaye hudu kafin wasan karshe na kowane gasa. <ref name=":0" /> == 1993 Wembley karshe == [[File:Wembley_Stadium_Twin_Towers.jpg|thumb|Tsohon filin wasa na Wembley]] Gasar 1992-93 ta ƙare tare da wasan karshe a Filin wasa na Wembley . Kafin taron jama'a, Arsenal ta doke Knowsley United 3-0 don riƙe kofin. Wannan yana daya daga cikin wasannin kulob din mata da aka sani da aka gudanar a tsohuwar filin wasa na Wembley; Har ila yau, ya kasance kawai wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin mata da za a buga a Wembley. An gudanar da wasan ne kafin wasan karshe na gasar kwallon kafa ta uku ta 1993. Kocin Arsenal [[Vic Akers]] ya tuna cewa ba a ba wa kungiyoyin mata damar amfani da manyan ɗakunan tufafi ba. == Jerin lokutan da na karshe == '''Mataki na 1 da 2 gasar cin kofin league''': <ref name="RSSSF" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokacin ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya ci nasara ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya zo na biyu !Sakamakon !Wurin da ake ciki |- |1991–92 |Arsenal |Zaki mata na Millwall | align="center" |1–0 |Alt Park, Huyton |- |1992–93 |Arsenal |Knowsley United | align="center" |3–0 |Wembley, London |- |1993–94 |Arsenal |Doncaster kyakkyawa | align="center" |4–0 |Filin wasa na Abbey, Cambridge |- |1994–95 |Wimbledon |Villa Aztecs | align="center" |2–0 |Hanyar Butlin, Rugby |- |1995–96 |Wembley |Doncaster kyakkyawa | align="center" |2-2 (5-3 alkalami.) |Filin wasa na Underhill, Chipping Barnet |- |1996–97 |Zaki mata na Millwall |Everton | align="center" |2–1 |Filin wasa na Underhill, Chipping Barnet |- |1997–98 |Arsenal |Croydon | align="center" |0-0 (4-3 alkalami.) |Filin wasa na Underhill, Chipping Barnet |- |1998–99 |Arsenal |Everton | align="center" |3–1 |Gidan shakatawa na Prenton, Birkenhead |- |1999–2000 |Arsenal |Croydon | align="center" |4–1 |Filin wasa na Underhill, Chipping Barnet |- |2000–01 |Arsenal |Masu tafiya na Tranmere | align="center" |3–0 |Filin wasa na Deva, Chester |- |2001–02 |Fulham |Birnin Birmingham | align="center" |7–1 |Adams Park, Wycombe |- |2002–03 |Fulham |Arsenal | align="center" |1-1 a.e.t. (3-2 alkalami.) |Gundumar Gundumar, Swindon |- |2003–04 |Charlton Athletic |Fulham | align="center" |1–0 |Filin wasa na Underhill, Chipping Barnet |- |2004–05 |Arsenal |Charlton Athletic | align="center" |3–0 |Griffin Park, Brentford |- |2005–06 |Charlton Athletic |Arsenal | align="center" |2–1 |Adams Park, Wycombe |- |2006–07 |Arsenal |Leeds United | align="center" |1–0 |Glanford Park, Scunthorpe |- |2007–08 |Everton |Arsenal | align="center" |1–0 |Hanyar Brisbane, Leyton |- |2008–09 |Arsenal |Doncaster Rovers Kyakkyawan | align="center" |5–0 |Glanford Park, Scunthorpe |- |2009–10 |Leeds Carnegie |Everton | align="center" |3–1 |A cikin garin Rochdale |} '''Mataki na 2 da 3 gasar cin kofin:''' {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokacin ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya ci nasara ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya zo na biyu !Sakamakon !Wurin da ake ciki |- |2010–11 |Barnet |Dajin Nottingham | align="center" |0-0 a.e.t. (4-3 alkalami.) |Adams Park, Wycombe |- |2011–12 |Sunderland |Leeds United | align="center" |2–1 |Filin wasa na Sixfields, Northampton |- |2012–13 |Aston Villa |Leeds United | align="center" |0-0 a.e.t. (5-4 alkalami.) |Bootham Crescent, York |} '''Mataki na 3 da 4 gasar cin kofin''' (Kofin Firimiya na Mata, wanda aka sake masa suna Kofin Kofin Kasa a 2018-19): {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lokacin ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya ci nasara ! style="width: 120px;" |Wanda ya zo na biyu !Sakamakon !Wurin da ake ciki |- |2013–14 |Sheffield |Birnin Cardiff | align="center" |6–2 |Filin wasa na Pirelli, Burton a kan Trent |- |2014–15 |Charlton Athletic |Sheffield | align="center" |0-0 a.e.t. (4-2 alkalami.) |Hanyar 'Yanci, Nuneaton |- |2015–16 |Tottenham Hotspur |Birnin Cardiff | align="center" |2-1 a.e.t. |Aggborough, Kidderminster |- |2016–17 |Tottenham Hotspur |Charlton Athletic | align="center" |0-0 a.e.t. (4-3 alkalami.) |Hanyar Broadhall, Stevenage |- |2017–18 |Blackburn Rovers |Birnin Leicester | align="center" |3–1 |Filin wasa na Proact, Chesterfield |- |2018–19<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apr 28, Crawley Wasps Ladies 0 Blackburn Rovers Ladies 3 &#124; the FA Women's National League |url=http://fulltime-league.thefa.com/DisplayFixture.do?id=19347837}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Blackburn Rovers |Crawley Wasps | align="center" |3–0 |Filin wasa na Pirelli, Burton a kan Trent |- |2019–20 | colspan="4" |An soke Stoke City-Sunderland saboda annobar COVID-19 |- |2020–21 | colspan="4" |An soke gasar saboda annobar COVID-19 |- |2021–22<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Saints secure league and cup double |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/women/matches/2021-22/fa-wnl-cup/saints-vs-huddersfield-town-2022-04-24 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=Southampton F.C.}}</ref> |Southampton |Garin Huddersfield | align="center" |3–0 |Damson Park, Solihull |- |2022–23<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2023 |title=Nottingham Forest: Reds focused on title hopes after Women's National League Cup win |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65405435 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> |Dajin Nottingham |Watford | align="center" |3-2 a.e.t. |Filin wasa na Pirelli, Burton a kan Trent |- |2023–24 |Hashtag United |Newcastle United | align="center" |2–1 |Hanyar Kenilworth, Luton |- |2024–25 |Dajin Nottingham |Birnin Stoke | align="center" |3–1 |Filin wasa na Bescot, Walsall |- |2025–26 |AFC Bournemouth |Plymouth Argyle | align="center" |1-0 |Hanyar Loftus, Shuka na Makiyayi |} == Ayyukan kulob == Har zuwa shekara ta 2010 ita ce babbar gasar cin kofin Ingila, lokacin da aka maye gurbin ta da FA Women's League Cup a shekara ta 2011. <ref name="RSSSF" /> {| class="wikitable" !Kungiyar !Wadanda suka ci nasara !Masu gudu !Shekaru masu cin nasara |- |Arsenal |{{Center|10}} |{{Center|3}} |1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2000–01, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09 |- |Croydon / Charlton Athletic |{{Center|3}} |{{Center|3}} |2003–04, 2005–06, 2014–15 |- |Fulham |{{Center|2}} |{{Center|1}} |2001–02, 2002–03 |- |Dajin Nottingham |{{Center|2}} |{{Center|1}} |2022–23, 2024–25 |- |Wembley / Barnet |{{Center|2}} |{{Center|-}} |1995–96, 2010–11 |- |Blackburn Rovers |{{Center|2}} |{{Center|-}} |2017–18, 2018–19 |- |Tottenham Hotspur |{{Center|2}} |{{Center|-}} |2015–16, 2016–17 |- |Leeds United |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|3}} |2009–2010 |- |Everton |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|2}} |2007–08 |- |Zaki mata na Millwall |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|1}} |1996–97 |- |Villa Aztecs / Aston Villa |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|1}} |2012–13 |- |Sheffield |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|1}} |2013–14 |- |Wimbledon |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|-}} |1994–95 |- |Sunderland |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|-}} |2011–12 |- |Southampton |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|-}} |2021–22 |- |Hashtag United |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|-}} |2023–24 |- |AFC Bournemouth |{{Center|1}} |{{Center|-}} |2025-26 |- |Doncaster Belles / Doncaster Rovers Belles<nowiki><br id="mwAos"></nowiki> |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|3}} | |- |Birnin Cardiff |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|2}} | |- |Knowsley United |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Birnin Birmingham |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Masu tafiya na Tranmere |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Birnin Leicester |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Crawley Wasps |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Garin Huddersfield |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Watford |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Newcastle United |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Birnin Stoke |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |- |Plymouth Argyle |{{Center|-}} |{{Center|1}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b7c9de353d6a89h740lupka81j79k1r 0 174046 967057 956017 2026-10-13T05:18:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata a Iraki''' ('''OWFI'''; Larabci) kungiya ce da ke yakin neman 'yancin mata a Iraki, da kuma adawa da Islama ta siyasa da kuma mamayewar Iraki da Amurka da Ingila. An kafa shi a shekara ta 2003. Daraktan ta har zuwa 2026 [[Yanar Mohammed]] ne, wanda shi ma ya kasance co-kafa kungiyar. OWFI tana aiki tare da mata da kungiyoyin siyasa na hagu don karewa da karfafa mata a [[Iraƙi|Iraki]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carsten Kofoed: Lackeys of the occupation disguise as progressives, 28.10.04 |url=http://www.fritirak.dk/artikler/english/articles/2004/1028-ck.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219063342/http://www.fritirak.dk/artikler/english/articles/2004/1028-ck.htm |archive-date=2007-02-19 |access-date=2007-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraqi Women Face Double Jeopardy |url=http://www.socialism.com/whatsnew/iraqisistersolidarity.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428021420/http://www.socialism.com/whatsnew/iraqisistersolidarity.html |archive-date=2007-04-28 |access-date=2007-03-08}}</ref> == Tarihi == Daga shekarun 1950 har zuwa shekarun 1970 matan Iraqi suna da ikon yin amfani da hakkoki da yawa kamar haƙƙin aiki, samun ilimi, fara aure da saki, da kuma yin ado kyauta. An soke waɗannan haƙƙoƙin lokacin da Iraki ta gabatar da hukuncin Shari'a ga wasu nau'ikan laifuka a cikin 1995. Yanzu ana buƙatar mata su bi ƙa'idar tufafi mai tawali'u kuma an ɗauke mafi yawan haƙƙoƙinsu na jama'a da na zamantakewa. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Fighting for women's rights in Iraq - CNN.com |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/06/26/pysk.mohammed/index.html |access-date=2007-10-11 |website=www.cnn.com |language=en}}</ref> Kashe-kashen girmamawa ya zama mafi yawa, saboda Iraki a halin yanzu ba ta da wata doka da ke riƙe da maza da alhakin waɗannan mutuwar, wanda ke barin matan Iraki cikin rauni kuma ba tare da kariya mai yawa ba.<ref name=":1" /> Dangane da bayanan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta tattara, tashin hankali ga mata a Iraki ya karu, yana mai da su cikin kisan kai, fyade, da kuma sace su.<ref name=":1" /> Bugu da ƙari, bayan mamayewar Iraki ta Amurka a shekara ta 2003 kariya daga waɗannan ayyukan ta ragu.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Ismael |date=2019 |title=Captured by the Quagmire: Iraq's Lost Generation and the Prospects for Children across the Arab Region Today |journal=Arab Studies Quarterly |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=221 |doi=10.13169/arabstudquar.41.3.0221 |issn=0271-3519 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An kafa Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata a Iraki a matsayin hanyar yin kira ga waɗannan batutuwan da kuma samar da kariya ga mata masu rauni da masu haɗari. Don taimakawa mata da ke cikin haɗari na kisan kai, iyakance zaɓuɓɓukan aiki, iyakantaccen damar samun kiwon lafiya <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Chynoweth |first=Sarah K |date=January 2008 |title=The Need for Priority Reproductive Health Services for Displaced Iraqi Women and Girls |journal=Reproductive Health Matters |volume=16 |issue=31 |pages=93–102 |doi=10.1016/s0968-8080(08)31348-2 |issn=0968-8080 |pmid=18513611 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ko kariya ta farar hula, <ref name=":7" /> da sauran ayyukan tashin hankali, kungiyar ta haɓaka mafaka ga waɗannan mata don samun mafaka da aminci. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Ensler |first=Eve |date=2015-10-19 |title=An Interview With Iraqi Women's Leader Yanar Mohammed of the Organization for Women's Freedom in Iraq |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/eve-ensler/an-interview-with-iraqi-w_b_8332170.html |access-date=2017-10-11 |website=Huffington Post |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da kari, OWFI tana ba da shawara don ƙarin wakilci na mata a cikin ikon siyasa, don ƙirƙirar murya ga mata da fara canji.<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Mojab |first=Shahrzad |date=2001 |title=Theorizing the Politics of 'Islamic Feminism' |journal=Feminist Review |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=124–146 |doi=10.1080/01417780110070157 |issn=0141-7789 |s2cid=143067473}}</ref> Gidan farko da za a kafa yana cikin [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]].<ref name=":2" /> Daga baya, an kafa wasu mafaka guda hudu. == Gudanarwa da karbuwa == Kungiyar 'Yancin Mata a Iraki ta ba da rahoton cewa sun ceci rayukan mata talatin da aka yi niyya don kisan kai a cikin shekaru na farko bayan kafawa.<ref name=":1" /> Ya zuwa 2020, yawan matan da OWFI ta ceci kuma ta kare su ya kai mata 890.A cikin 2024, adadin ya kai 1400. Kungiyar ta sami babban nasara tare da jaridarsu ''Al Mousawat'' . Suna rarraba kwafi kowane wata kuma suna da mashahuri sosai a rediyo. Bugu da ƙari, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Dutch ta sabunta haɗin gwiwar su don taimakawa tare da aikin shekaru da yawa don aiwatar da matakan da suka dace don samun daidaito ga mata a Iraki. NORAD, Hukumar Kula da Haɗin Kai ta Norway, ta kuma taimaka wa OWFI tare da kudade don taimakawa mata da iyalansu a yankuna kamar Mosul inda suke fuskantar tashin hankali na siyasa. Wannan kungiyar kuma tana samun tallafin kudi daga Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Gidauniyar Oak, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kula da mafaka, ƙirƙirar sabbin, da aiwatar da ayyukan don karfafa mata.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=OWFI {{!}} Organization of Women's Freedom in Iraq (OWFI) |url=http://www.owfi.info/ |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=OWFI |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321205734/http://www.owfi.info/ |archive-date=2020-03-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugaban OWFI [[Yanar Mohammed]] an ba shi lambar yabo ta Gruber Human Rights Award a 2007 da kuma lambar yabo ta Rafto Foundation a 2018 a [[Norway]]. <ref name=":8" /> == Muhimmancinsa == OWFI tana da mahimmanci ga matan Iraki saboda kungiyar tana gwagwarmaya don kare hakkin mata a Iraki. OWFI tana daya daga cikin kungiyoyin kare hakkin mata na Iraki, kodayake wasu kungiyoyin kare lafiyar mata sun zaɓi nisanta kansu saboda masu sukar suna kallon kungiyar a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu tsattstsauran ra-tsattsauran hali. A watan Janairun 2020, Majalisar Ministoci ta shigar da kara a kan OWFI da manufar rushe ta saboda aikinta na mafaka na mata, da kuma saboda goyon bayanta ga tashin hankali wanda ya fara a watan Oktoba 2019. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na yunkurin kare hakkin mata na jihar inda kungiyoyin ba su dogara da sa hannun Amurka ko Burtaniya don 'yantar da su ko yin yaƙi don hakkinsu ba. OWFI tana da ajanda mai zaman kanta don yin gwagwarmaya don adalci da kuma taimaka wa mata da suka sha wahala daga tashin hankali. OWFI tana da cibiyar sadarwa da aka kafa a Iraki da kuma a duniya don ba da shawarar gwamnatocin da suka hada da jinsi. Wasu daga cikin burinsu sun hada da kawo karshen wariyar launin fata a makarantu a kan batun jima'i, ba mata karin 'yanci da' yanci ga tufafinsu, samar da sararin siyasa ga mata, raba masallaci da jihar, da kuma samar da kundin tsarin mulki inda maza da mata ke da daidaito. Ainihin, suna da niyyar ƙirƙirar manufofin abokantaka na mata inda za a iya kawar da nuna bambanci ga mata. OWFI kuma tana ba da tallafin jin kai ga matan da iyalansu suka ware su ko kuma wadanda ayyukan Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) suka shafi su. Suna yin hakan ta hanyar samar musu da abinci, mafaka, magani, da tufafi a cikin mafakarsu.<ref name=":3" /> OWFI tana ba wa waɗannan mata da iyalansu kayan aiki da kayan aiki waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-12 |title=Bread Baking Stoves and Supplies Empower Women in IDP Camp to Feed and Support Many Others |url=https://www.owfi.info/EN/activities/bread-baking-stoves-and-supplies-empower-women-in-idp-camp-to-feed-and-support-many-others/ |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=OWFI |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Jaridar == OWFI tana da shafin yanar gizon da ke dauke da sabuntawa game da abubuwan da suka shirya. Har ila yau, yana aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da abin da ke faruwa a gwamnatin Iraqi da kuma matsayin mata a Iraki. Jaridar ta nuna kokarin da suke yi a gwagwarmayar samun daidaito da kuma matsayin doka. Gidan yanar gizon su ya haɗa da labaran da ke ba da sabuntawa game da sabbin ayyukan, kamfen, da kuma sanarwar manema labarai da suka shafi ƙungiyarsu da haƙƙin mata. Har ila yau, yana ba da bayanan yadda kungiyar ta kasance, abin da suke ba da shawara, da kuma dalilin da ya sa aikin su yake da mahimmanci. Gidan yanar gizon ya haɗa da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafin su na Facebook inda suke sanya bidiyo na abubuwan da ke cikin gidan rediyo.<ref name=":8" /> A cikin jaridar da suka buga a watan Yunin 2018, sun gano cewa [[Dimokuradiyya a Iraki]] ba ta aiki, saboda zaɓen da aka yi kwanan nan sun kasa sanar da sakamakon ƙarshe daga zaɓen su. Sun shirya wani taron kuma sun tattauna nuna bambanci da ke akwai a Iraki ga matan Black Iraqi. A shafin yanar gizon su Yanar Mohammed ya ce, "A wannan shekarar musamman muna yin alkawarin yin gyare-gyare na tsarin da na doka don haƙƙin mata a Iraki".<ref name=":8" /> == Ayyuka da fataucin jima'i / karuwanci == Akwai rashin aiki da damar samun ilimi a Iraki. A Iraki ma'aikata maza ne kuma suna kula da yara da iyalai kuma galibi aikin mata ne. Koyaya, matan da za su iya aiki suna neman aiki a kusa da Damascus, Siriya, saboda karancin aiki a Iraki.<ref name=":5" /> Abin takaici ga mata, akwai masu fataucin mutane da ke yaudarar su cikin aikin jima'i ta hanyar gaya musu cewa za su yi aiki a masana'antun masana'antu inda za su iya karɓar $ 300 a wata. Wannan sabon abu ya kawo mata da 'yan mata da yawa tun suna da shekaru 12 zuwa Damascus saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki da iyalan Iraki suka fuskanta a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da ƙari, tunda akwai iyakantaccen damar aiki ga mata, da yawa daga cikinsu suna juyawa zuwa karuwanci don samun kudin shiga. Don ci gaba da farashin rayuwa ga kansu da iyalansu aikin jima'i yana daya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan su kawai. Koyaya, aikin jima'i bai dace ba bisa ga imanin da yawancin Iraki ke da shi. Iyalai da yawa sun musanta wadannan mata kuma ba su da gidaje saboda ba sa bin addinin Islama. Koyaya, OWFI tana taimaka wa mata da wannan ta hanyar hana su fadawa ga waɗannan dabarun fataucin jima'i da samar da gidaje ga waɗanda ke fama da fataucin lalata da waɗanda iyalansu suka ƙi. == Kashewa da girmamawa == Kashe-kashen girmamawa wani aiki ne a Iraki inda ake kashe mace saboda rashin bin dabi'un Islama, kamar ka'idojin tufafi da halayyar jima'i. Mata da suka fita daga waɗannan lambobin ana kashe su don maido da girmamawa ga dangin jini. A cikin birnin Basra, kisan gilla na girmamawa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari cewa shugaban iyali na iya hayar "masu kisan gashin kansu" don dawo da girmamawa da 'yan uwansu mata zasu iya lalatawa. Tun da Iraki tana ƙarƙashin dokar Shari'a waɗanda ke aikata kisan gilla ba a hukunta su da wuya. A cikin 1990 jam'iyyar da ke kula da sashin Kurdawa na arewa a Iraki tana taka rawa sosai a cikin waɗannan kisan gilla. Kudancin Iraqi na tilasta bin doka ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba su da ikon saka idanu da hana kashe-kashen girmamawa. Kwanan nan, a cikin 2007, a Kwamitin Tsaro na Basra, wani lauya ya bayyana yadda 'yan sanda a Basra ba sa daukar matakai don hana masu aikata laifin da aka yanke musu hukunci kan kisan kai. A cikin wannan shekarar akwai akalla kashe-kashen 40 da kungiyoyin addinai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suka ruwaito a birnin Basra, da kuma kashe-kisan 15 da kungiyoyin da ake kira "Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice" ba tare da kusan wani martani daga 'yan sanda ko gwamnati ba. A shekara ta 2008, an sami karuwar kashi 70% a cikin kisan gillar addini. A wannan shekarar, kuma a birnin Basra, an kashe mata 81 amma mutane biyar ne kawai aka yanke musu hukunci. Ba wai kawai ƙungiyoyin addini masu tsattsauran ra'ayi suna shiga cikin waɗannan kisan gilla ba amma iyalan waɗannan mata ma suna yin hakan. Musamman lokacin da ya shafi mace da ke yin jima'i da namiji ba tare da izinin iyali ba, har ma ta hanyar [[fyade]]. Iyalai na iya daukar mataki da kansu ko hayar mai kisan kai don aiwatar da waɗannan kashe-kashen girmamawa don farashi kamar $ 100. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan laifuka ba a bincika su ba sai dai idan wanda ya aikata laifin ya furta. OWFI tana gwagwarmaya don canza waɗannan dokoki da kawo adalci ga matan da ake kashewa. Bugu da ƙari, mafakarsu suna ba da mafaka ga mata waɗanda ake nema don kashewa. == Cin zarafin mata a Iraki == Mata a Iraki sun fi fuskantar ayyukan tashin hankali da kuma karɓar tashin hankali na gida. Matsakaicin kashi 63% na matan Iraqi sun yarda cewa mazajen su bugawa ko bugawa ya dace. Bayan da aka hambarar da [[Saddam Hussein]], an kara rikici tsakanin Musulmai [[Mabiya Sunnah|Sunni]] da Shi'a. Ba da daɗewa ba, ƙungiyoyin 'yan bindiga na Shi'a da Sunni sun yi niyya ga mata na ɗayan ƙungiyar ta hanyar sace, duka, fyade, kisan kai, fataucin mutane, da kuma kashe waɗancan mata. == Yunkurin Amurka == Tun lokacin da Amurka ta mamaye Iraki a shekara ta 2003, kasar ba ta iya komawa yanayin da ta kasance kafin yakin ba. Akwai rashin kariya ta hukuma da zamantakewa daga gwamnati. Kafin aikin ya sami gwauraye tallafin kuɗi da kuma gidaje daga gwamnati amma tun lokacin yakin ba a ba da wannan ba. Mata da yaransu sun fuskanci matsaloli da yawa saboda wannan. Sun kasance kashi 80% na Iraki waɗanda suka rasa gidaje ko kuma ba su da albarkatun kuɗi saboda yaƙin. Akwai iyakantaccen damar aiki ga mata, musamman wadanda suka mutu saboda yakin. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar talauci da rashin gida ga mata da yaransu a Iraki.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":4" /> Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da cibiyoyin jama'a suma sun rushe kuma ba su iya murmurewa ba tun farkon yakin. Saboda yakin kasar ma tana fuskantar bama-bamai ba tare da tsayawa ba, wanda ke shafar samun ruwa mai tsabta da wutar lantarki. Ya kuma lalata asibitoci, wanda ya haifar da rashin samun damar samun kulawa. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala musamman ga mata masu juna biyu da / ko mata da ke neman kulawar haihuwa. Mata da ke buƙatar kulawa kafin haihuwa, wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin jima'i, sun kamu da STD, da dai sauransu suna da wahalar samun taimako saboda lalacewar kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da cibiyoyin. Tun da rashin aiki ga mata ya tura da yawa daga cikinsu cikin aikin jima'i, cin zarafin jima'i da kwangila na STDs ya zama ruwan dare. Kimanin kashi 15% na mata a Iraki waɗanda suka mutu saboda yaƙin suna neman aikin jima'i don tallafin kuɗi. Bugu da ƙari, kimanin matan Iraqi 50,000 waɗanda suka kasance 'yan gudun hijira na yaƙi yanzu suna aiki a matsayin karuwanci, a cewar Independent (UK). Mata kuma suna fuskantar karuwar tashin hankali na jima'i saboda wannan yaƙin saboda ana amfani dashi azaman makami na yaƙi. Wannan ya kara yawan mata da ke buƙatar kula da lafiyar haihuwa amma ba za su iya karɓar shi ba saboda tasirin yaƙin.<ref name=":4" /> Rikicin da cutar da aka yi wa mata ya karu tun lokacin da Amurka ta mamaye Iraki. OWFI ta yi la'akari da cewa kusan mata 4,000 sun ɓace tun lokacin yakin, mai yiwuwa saboda an yi fataucin jima'i zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Har ila yau, matan Iraki sun fuskanci karuwar kashe-kashen girmamawa, 350 daga cikin wadannan kashe-kisan an bayar da rahoton a Yankin Kurdistan na Iraki watanni shida zuwa shekara ta 2007. An kuma bayar da rahoton cewa an sace mata sama da 400 kuma an yi musu fyade na jima'i watanni hudu a cikin mamayar Amurka. Kuma sama da rabin waɗancan matan da aka yi musu fyade sun kashe su ta hanyar kisan girmamawa.<ref name=":4" /> Ba wai kawai suna fuskantar karin kisan gilla ba amma an sami karuwar kashe-kashen mata. A cikin 2007 a cikin Kurdawa Iraki, akalla mata 95 sun kashe kansu ta hanyar ƙone kansu.<ref name=":9" /> Don yaki da tasirin da yaƙin ya yi wa mata OWFI ta ɗauki mata da ke tserewa daga haɗarin yaƙi, kisan kai na girmamawa, tashin hankali, da talauci a cikin mafakarsu kuma tana kare su daga waɗannan a kan barazanar da ke gudana.<ref name=":8" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2s19ypwe9ilkidvhp2r73fn2feylgd9 0 174217 966951 954378 2026-10-12T21:06:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox }} '''Karfafawa''' shine matakin [[Samun cin gashin kai|cin gashin kai]] da [[Ƙaddamar da kai]] a cikin mutane da al'ummomi. Wannan yana ba su damar wakiltar bukatunsu ta hanyar da ta dace da kuma ƙaddamar da kansu, suna aiki a kan ikon kansu. Shirin zama mai ƙarfi da kuma amincewa, musamman a sarrafa rayuwar mutum da kuma da'awar haƙƙin mutum. Karfafawa a matsayin aiki yana nufin tsarin karfafawa da kuma goyon bayan kwararru ga mutane, wanda ke ba su damar shawo kan rashin iko da rashin tasiri, da kuma ganewa da amfani da albarkatun su. A matsayin kalma, karfafawa ta samo asali ne daga ilimin halayyar al'umma na Amurka kuma tana da alaƙa da masanin kimiyyar zamantakewa Julian Rappaport (1981). In social work, empowerment forms a practical approach of resource-oriented intervention. In the field of [[Ilimi na ɗan ƙasa (batun)|citizenship education]] and [[Ilimi na dimokuradiyya|democratic education]], empowerment is seen  as a tool to increase the responsibility of the citizen. Empowerment is a key concept in the discourse on promoting civic engagement. Empowerment as a concept, which is characterized by a move away from a [[wiktionary:deficit|deficit]]-oriented towards a more strength-oriented perception, can increasingly be found in management concepts, as well as in the areas of continuing education and self-help.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2016}} == Ma'anar == Robert Adams ya nuna iyakokin kowane ma'anar'ƙarfi', da haɗarin cewa ma'anar ilimi ko ƙwararru na iya cire kalmar da ayyukan da aka haɗa daga mutanen da suka kamata su kasance. Duk da haka, ya ba da ƙaramin ma'anar kalmar: 'Ƙarfafawa: ikon mutane, ƙungiyoyi da / ko al'ummomi don sarrafa yanayinsu, yin amfani da iko da cimma burinsu, da kuma tsarin da, ɗai-ɗai da kuma gaba ɗaya, za su iya taimaka wa kansu da sauransu don haɓaka ingancin rayuwarsu. ' Ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar kalmar shine "wani tsari da gangan, mai gudana wanda ke cikin al'ummar yankin, wanda ya haɗa da girmama juna, tunani mai mahimmanci, kulawa, da kuma shiga cikin rukuni, ta hanyar da mutanen da ba su da daidaitattun rabon albarkatun suna samun damar samun dama da sarrafawa akan waɗannan albarkatun. " Ma'anar Rappaport (1984) ta haɗa da: "Ana kallon karfafawa a matsayin tsari: hanyar da mutane, kungiyoyi, da al'ummomi ke samun iko akan rayuwarsu". Karfafawar zamantakewa sau da yawa yana magana da membobin kungiyoyin da hanyoyin nuna bambanci na zamantakewa suka cire daga hanyoyin yanke shawara ta hanyar - misali - nuna bambanci bisa ga nakasa, launin fata, kabilanci, addini, ko jinsi. Karfafawa a matsayin hanyar da ake amfani da ita yana da alaƙa da [[Feminism|mata]]. == Tsarin == Karfafawa shine tsari na samun dama ta asali ga mutanen da aka ware, ko dai kai tsaye daga waɗancan mutane, ko kuma ta hanyar taimakon wasu wadanda ba a ware ba waɗanda ke raba nasu damar zuwa waɗannan damar. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin hana waɗannan damar. Karfafawa kuma ya haɗa da ƙarfafawa, da sadaka ƙwarewa don, wadatar kai, tare da mai da hankali kan kawar da buƙatar agaji ko jin dadin mutane a cikin ƙungiyar. Wannan tsari na iya zama da wahala a fara da kuma aiwatarwa yadda ya kamata. === Dabarun === Ɗaya daga cikin dabarun karfafawa shine don taimakawa mutanen da aka ware su kirkiro nasu kungiya mai zaman kanta, ta amfani da hujja cewa kawai mutanen da aka keɓe, da kansu, zasu iya sanin abin da mutanensu ke buƙata mafi yawa, kuma cewa kula da kungiyar ta hanyar baƙi na iya taimakawa wajen kara karfafawa. Kungiyoyin agaji suna jagorantar daga waje da al'umma, alal misali, na iya lalata al'umma ta hanyar kafa agaji ko jin dadin jama'a. Kungiyar da ba ta da riba na iya yin niyya da dabarun da ke haifar da canje-canje na tsari, rage buƙatar ci gaba da dogaro. [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]], alal misali, na iya mai da hankali kan inganta lafiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar, amma ba shi da iko a cikin sashin sa don shigar da tsarin isar da ruwa da tsarkakewa, duk da cewa rashin irin wannan tsarin yana da tasiri sosai, kai tsaye da kuma mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar. Ƙungiyar da ba ta da riba da ta ƙunshi 'yan asalin ƙasar, duk da haka, za ta iya tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyarsu tana da irin wannan iko kuma za ta iya saita nasu ajanda, yin nasu tsare-tsaren, neman albarkatun da ake buƙata, yin yawancin aikin da za su iya, kuma su ɗauki alhakin - da kuma bashi - don nasarar ayyukansu (ko sakamakon, idan sun kasa). Tsarin da ke ba da damar mutane / ƙungiyoyi su sami cikakken ikon mutum ko na rukuni, iko da tasiri, da kuma amfani da wannan ƙarfin yayin yin hulɗa da wasu mutane, cibiyoyi ko al'umma. A wasu kalmomi, "Ƙarfafawa ba ya ba mutane iko, mutane sun riga sun sami isasshen iko, a cikin wadatar iliminsu da motsawa, don yin ayyukansu da kyau. Muna bayyana ƙarfafawa kamar barin wannan iko. "Yana ƙarfafa mutane su sami ƙwarewa da ilimi wanda zai ba su damar shawo kan cikas a rayuwa ko yanayin aiki kuma a ƙarshe, taimaka musu su bunkasa a cikin kansu ko a cikin al'umma. Don karfafa mace "...ya yi kama da muna korar ko yin watsi da maza, amma gaskiyar ita ce, maza da mata suna buƙatar karfafawa daidai. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2012 |title=Encouraging and Empowering Girls - Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association |url=http://www.ccpa-accp.ca/blog/?p=2273 |access-date=30 October 2017 |website=Ccpa-accp.ca}}</ref>Karfafawa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar inganta yanayi, ka'idoji, abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma hangen nesa na rayuwa a duniya. === Rashin amincewa === Kafin a sami binciken cewa wani rukuni yana buƙatar karfafawa kuma saboda haka ana buƙatar karfafa girman kansu bisa ga wayar da kan jama'a game da ƙarfin su, ana buƙatar samun ƙarancin ganewar asali wanda masana ke tantance matsalolin wannan rukuni ke gudanarwa. Babban asymmetry na dangantakar tsakanin masana da abokan ciniki yawanci ba a tambaya ta hanyar hanyoyin karfafawa. Har ila yau, yana buƙatar a yi la'akari da shi sosai, a yadda tsarin karfafawa ya dace da duk marasa lafiya / abokan ciniki. Yana da matukar shakku ko mutanen da ke cikin mawuyacin hali suna cikin halin da za su iya yanke shawara. A cewar Albert Lenz, mutane suna nuna halin koma baya a cikin mawuyacin hali kuma suna barin alhakin ga masu sana'a. Dole ne a ɗauka, sabili da haka, cewa aiwatar da manufar karfafawa yana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin matakin sadarwa da tunani na mutanen da ke da hannu. Wani zargi shi ne cewa karfafawa yana nuna cewa motsawar canji ta fito ne daga mutum na waje. Misali, a cikin kiwon lafiya, mai haƙuri da likitan su ke ƙarfafawa don bin diddigin alamun su kuma su daidaita magungunan su daidai zai zama karfafawa, inda a matsayin mai haƙuri ya yanke shawara da kansa cewa suna so su inganta tsarin maganin su kuma ta haka ne suka fara bin diddigirinta zai zama misali na karfafa kansu. Kalmar da aka kirkira kwanan nan, ikon kai "ya bayyana ikon marasa lafiya da masu kula da su na al'ada don yin ayyukan da ba a ba da izini ta hanyar kiwon lafiya ba da kuma karɓar iko kan rayuwarsu da gudanar da kai tare da karuwar ingancin kai da amincewa". == A cikin aikin zamantakewa da ilimin halayyar al'umma == [[File:Altenheim_12.jpg|thumb|Karfafawa a cikin aiki ga tsofaffi a cikin gida mai zama a Jamus]] A cikin aikin zamantakewa, karfafawa yana ba da hanyar da ke bawa ma'aikatan zamantakewa damar kara karfin taimakon kansu na abokan cinikin su. Misali, wannan yana bawa abokan ciniki damar kada a gan su a matsayin 'masu azabtarwa' marasa taimako amma a maimakon haka a matsayin mutum mai karfin kansa yana yaki da cin zarafi / zalunci; yaƙi, inda ma'aikacin zamantakewa ke ɗaukar matsayin mai ba da gudummawa, maimakon matsayin 'mai ceto'. Mutanen da aka ware waɗanda ba su da isasshen kansu sun zama, aƙalla, masu dogaro da sadaka, ko jin dadin jama'a. Sun rasa amincewarsu saboda ba za su iya tallafa wa kansu ba. Hanyoyin da suka hana su kuma sun hana su girman kai na nasarar da wasu, wadanda ke da waɗannan damar, zasu iya bunkasa kansu. Wannan kuma na iya haifar da matsalolin tunani, zamantakewa har ma da lafiyar kwakwalwa. "Marginalized" a nan yana nufin bayyane ko ɓoye a cikin al'ummomi inda waɗanda aka ɗauka ba su da halaye masu kyau ko karkatarwa daga ka'idodin rukuni An ware su ta hanyar al'umma da yawa kuma ana fitar da su a matsayin marasa kyau. === A cikin aikin inganta kiwon lafiya da bincike === A matsayin ra'ayi, da kuma samfurin aiki, ana amfani da karfafawa a cikin bincike da aiki na inganta kiwon lafiya. Maɓallin ka'idar ita ce ga mutane su sami ƙarin iko akan abubuwan da ke tasiri ga yanayin lafiyarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Promotion Glossary - World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/about/HPR%20Glossary%201998.pdf |access-date=4 Nov 2018 |website=WHO.int}}</ref> Don karfafa mutane da kuma samun karin daidaito a cikin kiwon lafiya, yana da mahimmanci a magance halayen da suka shafi kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Promotion Glossary - World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/about/HPR%20Glossary%201998.pdf |access-date=4 Nov 2018 |website=WHO.int}}</ref> Bincike ya nuna cewa sa hannun jarin inganta kiwon lafiya da nufin karfafa matasa ya kamata ya ba da damar ayyukan ilmantarwa, amfani da kayan aikin gani don sauƙaƙe tunani, da kuma ba da damar matasa su rinjayi ayyukan shiga tsakani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holmberg |first=Christopher |last2=Larsson |first2=Christel |last3=Korp |first3=Peter |last4=Lindgren |first4=Eva-Carin |last5=Jonsson |first5=Linus |last6=Fröberg |first6=Andreas |last7=Chaplin |first7=John E. |last8=Berg |first8=Christina |date=2018-07-04 |title=Empowering aspects for healthy food and physical activity habits: adolescents' experiences of a school-based intervention in a disadvantaged urban community |journal=International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being |volume=13 |issue=sup 1 |doi=10.1080/17482631.2018.1487759 |pmc=6032021 |pmid=29972679}}</ref> == A cikin tattalin arziki == A cewar Robert Adams, akwai doguwar al'ada a Burtaniya da Amurka bi da bi don ci gaba da hanyoyin taimakon kai waɗanda suka haɓaka kuma suka ba da gudummawa ga ra'ayoyin karfafawa na baya-bayan nan. Misali, ka'idodin tattalin arziki na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na [[Milton Friedman]] sun rungumi taimakon kai a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arziki. Dukkanin 'yan Republican a Amurka da gwamnatin Conservative ta [[Margaret Thatcher]] sun gina a kan waɗannan ra'ayoyin. 'A lokaci guda, bangarorin taimakon juna na manufar taimakon kai sun riƙe wasu kudade tare da masu gurguzu da 'yan dimokuradiyya. ' A cikin Ci gaban tattalin arziki, tsarin karfafawa yana mai da hankali kan tattara kokarin taimakon kai na matalauta, maimakon samar musu da jin dadin jama'a. Ƙarfafa tattalin arziki kuma shine karfafawa ga ɓangarorin da suka kasance marasa galihu a baya, alal misali, a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka da aka mallaka a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to MicroEmpowering! |url=https://www.microempowering.org |access-date=2012-08-24 |publisher=Microempowering.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818195900/http://www.microempowering.org/ |archive-date=2012-08-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ƙarfafa masu amfani === gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta 2010-2015 ta sanya dabarun karfafawa a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Next steps making midata a reality – GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/next-steps-making-midata-a-reality--2 |access-date=27 April 2017 |website=gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Dabarun, wanda Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci, Innovation da Skills da Kungiyar Bayani ta Halin a Ofishin Ma'aunin Burtaniya suka samar, sun nemi gabatar da matakan son rai da "ƙuƙwalwa" wanda zai iya taimaka wa masu amfani "nemma da karɓar mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don yanayinsu da bukatunsu". Ayyukan da dabarun ke ingantawa sun haɗa da shirin ''midata'' a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Farfesa Nigel Shadbolt, bayanan amfani da katin kiredit na shekara-shekara, tsarin sayen rukuni, da aikin gabatarwa akan Takaddun Ayyukan Makamashi, wallafe-wallafen sayar da motoci da ƙididdigar tsabtace abinci, don masu amfani su iya yin amfani da bayanan da suke ƙunshe.<ref name="bc" />{{Rp|Annex}} === Ƙarfafawa ga abokan ciniki === Kamfanonin da ke karfafa abokan cinikin su suna da damar kirkirar samfuran da suka fi dacewa a rage farashi da haɗari, idan dai abokan ciniki suna shirye kuma suna iya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a cikin sabon tsarin ci gaban samfurin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lilien |first=Gary L. |last2=Morrison |first2=Pamela D. |last3=Searls |first3=Kathleen |last4=Sonnack |first4=Mary |last5=Hippel |first5=Eric von |date=August 2002 |title=Performance Assessment of the Lead User Idea-Generation Process for New Product Development |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mnsc.48.8.1042.171 |journal=Management Science |language=en |volume=48 |issue=8 |pages=1042–1059 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.48.8.1042.171 |issn=0025-1909 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dahan |first=Ely |last2=Hauser |first2=John R. |date=September 2002 |title=The virtual customer |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1540-5885.1950332 |journal=Journal of Product Innovation Management |language=en |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=332–353 |doi=10.1111/1540-5885.1950332 |issn=0737-6782 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogawa |first=Susumu |last2=Piller |first2=Frank T. |date=2006-01-01 |title=Reducing the Risks of New Product Development |url=https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/reducing-the-risks-of-new-product-development/ |journal=MIT Sloan Management Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sawhney |first=Mohanbir |last2=Verona |first2=Gianmario |last3=Prandelli |first3=Emanuela |date=November 2005 |title=Collaborating to create: The Internet as a platform for customer engagement in product innovation |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1002/dir.20046 |journal=Journal of Interactive Marketing |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=4–17 |doi=10.1002/dir.20046 |issn=1094-9968 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kasuwancin da suka shafi da kuma karfafa abokan ciniki a cikin aiwatar da ƙirƙirar sabbin samfuran na iya samun fa'ida a wasu lokuta akan kamfanonin gargajiya waɗanda ba sa ba abokan cinikin su irin wannan shiga. Wannan fa'idar ta bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa masu amfani gabaɗaya sun fi son tsohon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Christoph |last2=Schreier |first2=Martin |date=January 2011 |title=Customer Empowerment in New Product Development*: Customer Empowerment in New Product Development |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00778.x |journal=Journal of Product Innovation Management |language=en |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00778.x |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Lokacin da kwastomomi ke da ikon zaɓar waɗanne samfuran da aka kawo kasuwa, suna nuna karuwar buƙata ga samfuran da zaɓa, koda kuwa suna da inganci iri ɗaya. Wannan abu mai abin mamaki zai iya bayyanawa ta hanyar karuwar ikon mallakar tunanin mutum wanda masu amfani ke bunkasa don samfuran da aka zaɓa. Yanayi guda biyu suna iyakance wannan tasirin: (1) yana raguwa lokacin da sakamakon yanke shawara na hadin gwiwa bai dace da Abubuwan da masu amfani suka fi so ba kuma (2) lokacin da masu amfani ba su da amincewa da ikon su na yin yanke shawara mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Christoph |last2=Prandelli |first2=Emanuela |last3=Schreier |first3=Martin |date=2010 |orig-date=2010 |title=The Psychological Effects of Empowerment Strategies on Consumers' Product Demand |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-marketing_2010-01_74_1/page/65 |journal=Journal of Marketing |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=65–79 |doi=10.1509/jmkg.74.1.65}}</ref> === Daraktocin kamfanoni masu ƙaruwa === Majalisar Fensho ta Duniya (WPC) ta yi jayayya cewa manyan masu saka hannun jari na ma'aikata kamar kudaden fansho da Kyauta suna da tasiri sosai a kan tsarin ƙarawa da maye gurbin daraktocin kamfanoni - kamar yadda membobin kwamitin su (masu kula da fensho) ke jagoranta su yin hakan. Wannan zai iya sanya ƙarin matsin lamba ga Shugabannin kamfanonin da aka jera a fili, kamar yadda "fiye da kowane lokaci, yawancin [Amurka ta Arewa], Masu kula da fansho na Tarayyar Turai suna magana da ƙwazo game da karkatar da tsokoki na aminci don Manufofin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya", da sauran ayyukan saka hannun jari na ESG == Shari'a == Karfafawa ta shari'a tana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane ko kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ke amfani da tarurruka na shari'a watau, doka, tsarin shari'a da hanyoyin adalci don inganta ko canza yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa ko tattalin arziki. Hanyoyin karfafawa na shari'a suna da sha'awar fahimtar yadda za su iya amfani da [[doka]] don inganta bukatun da fifiko na waɗanda aka ware.<ref name="odi">{{Cite web |title=The politics of legal empowerment: legal mobilisation strategies and implications for development |url=http://www.odi.org/publications/8485-legal-empowerment-mobilisation |access-date=24 November 2014 |website=Odi.org}}</ref> A cewar 'Open society foundations' (wani NGO) "Ƙarfafa doka game da ƙarfafa ikon dukkan mutane don yin amfani da hakkinsu, ko dai a matsayin mutane ko a matsayin membobin al'umma. Karfafawa ta shari'a game da adalci na tushen ciyawa ne, game da tabbatar da cewa [[doka]] ba ta iyakance ga littattafai ko kotuna ba, amma a maimakon haka tana samuwa kuma tana da ma'ana ga talakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Legal Empowerment? |url=http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/projects/legal-empowerment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724014511/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/projects/legal-empowerment |archive-date=24 July 2018 |access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> Lorenzo Cotula a cikin littafinsa 'Legal Empowerment for Local Resource Control' ya bayyana gaskiyar cewa [[Doka|kayan aikin shari'a]] don tabbatar da haƙƙin albarkatun gida suna cikin tsarin shari'a, ba lallai ba ne cewa masu amfani da albarkatun cikin gida suna cikin matsayi don amfani da su kuma su amfana daga gare su. tsarin shari'a na jihar yana da iyaka ta hanyar dalilai daban-daban - daga rashin albarkatu zuwa al'adun al'adu. Daga cikin wadannan dalilai na tattalin arziki, ƙasa, harshe da sauran ƙuntatawa kan samun dama ga kotuna, ''rashin Sanin shari'a da taimakon shari'a'' sun zama matsalolin maimaitawa. A cikin mahallin da yawa, ƙungiyoyin da aka ware ba su amince da tsarin shari'a ba saboda yaduwar magudi da aka yi wa shi a tarihi ta hanyar mafi iko. 'Har yaya mutum ya san [[doka]], kuma ya sa ta yi aiki ga kansu tare da 'don kayan aikin shari'a', shine karfafawa ta shari'a; taimakawa ta amfani da sababbin hanyoyin kamar ilimin shari'a da horar da wayar da kan jama'a, watsa shirye-shiryen shari'a, gudanar da jawabai na shari'a na shiga tsakani, tallafawa mai amfani da albarkatun gida a tattaunawar tare da sauran hukumomi da masu riƙe da hannun jari da kuma dabarun hada amfani da hanyoyin shari'a tare da shiga cikin kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma tarurruka. Wani lokaci al'umma ta ware kungiyoyi gabaɗaya, tare da gwamnatoci da ke shiga cikin tsarin warewa. Dokokin daidaito waɗanda ke adawa da irin wannan warewa, ya kamata su ba da damar karfafawa. Wadannan dokoki sun sanya shi ba bisa ka'ida ba don ƙuntata shiga makarantu da wuraren jama'a bisa ga launin fata. Hakanan ana iya ganinsu a matsayin alamar karfafawa ta 'yan tsiraru da mata ta hanyar lobbying. == Jima'i == [[Karfafawa tsakanin jinsi]] a al'ada yana nufin karfafawa ga mata, wanda shine muhimmin batun tattaunawa game da ci gaba da tattalin arziki a zamanin yau. Har ila yau, yana nuna hanyoyin da suka shafi wasu [[jinsi]] da aka ware a cikin wani yanayi na siyasa ko zamantakewa. Wannan hanyar da za a ba da izini ta hanyar [[Feminism|mata]] kuma ta yi amfani da izini na doka ta hanyar gina kan haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya. Karfafawa yana daya daga cikin manyan damuwa na tsari yayin magance haƙƙin ɗan adam da ci gaba. Tsarin Ci gaban Dan Adam da Capabilities, Manufofin Ci gaban Millennium, da sauran hanyoyin / manufofi masu inganci suna nuna karfafawa da shiga a matsayin matakin da ya dace idan ƙasa ta shawo kan cikas da ke tattare da talauci da ci gaba. Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SDG 5) suna da niyya ga daidaito tsakanin jinsi da karfafa mata don ajanda na ci gaban duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations: Gender equality and women's empowerment |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/gender-equality/ |access-date=30 October 2017 |website=Un.org}}</ref> == A cikin gudanar da wurin aiki == A cewar Thomas A. Potterfield, yawancin masu ilimin ƙungiyoyi da masu aiki suna ɗaukar karfafa ma'aikata a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ra'ayoyin gudanarwa na zamani. A fannin gudanarwa da ka'idar ƙungiya, "ƙarfi" sau da yawa yana nufin hanyoyin da za a ba da ma'aikata (ko ma'aikata gabaɗaya) mafi girman hankali da albarkatu: rarraba iko don ingantawa ga abokan ciniki da bukatun ƙungiyoyin masu aiki. Har ila yau, yana ba ma'aikata ikon yin shawarwari, yin nasu yanke shawara, neman da aiwatar da mafita. Bayanai daga Binciken bincike ta amfani da bincike mai tabbatarwa, ana iya kamawa ta hanyar nau'o'i huɗu, wato ma'ana, ƙwarewa, ƙaddamar da kai, da tasiri; yayin da wasu bincike na bincike ya gano nau'o-nau'i uku kawai, wato maɓallin, ƙwarewar, da tasiri (haɗin ƙaddamar da kansa da tasiri). === Juyin Halitta === Tun daga shekarun 1980 da 1990, karfafawa ya zama abin sha'awa ga ra'ayoyin gudanarwa da gudanar da kasuwanci. A cikin wannan mahallin, karfafawa ya haɗa da hanyoyin da suka yi alkawarin shiga da haɗin kai ga ma'aikaci don magance ayyukansu da kansu kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma yana da alhakin. Hanyar da aka fi sani da "ƙirar ƙarfi" ta zama kayan aiki na ci gaban ƙungiya. Kungiyoyin karfafawa na fannoni da yawa suna da niyyar ci gaba da ingantattun wurare don inganta al'adun ƙungiyoyi, ƙarfafa motsawa da ƙwarewar ma'aikata. Ana bin manufa ta gamsar da aikin ma'aikata ta hanyar matsayi mai laushi, shiga cikin yanke shawara, buɗe ƙoƙarin kirkira, al'adun ƙungiya masu kyau, godiya, kimanta kai, ɗaukar alhakin (don sakamako), ƙarin ƙaddamar da kai da ci gaba da koyo. Amfani mafi kyau na iyawa da iyawa na yanzu ana zaton zai fi dacewa da ma'aikata masu gamsuwa da aiki. A nan, Gudanar da ilimi yana ba da gudummawa sosai don aiwatar da sa hannun ma'aikaci a matsayin ƙa'idar jagora, misali ta hanyar kirkirar al'ummomin aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goldsmith |first=Marshall |date=2010-04-23 |title=Empowering Your Employees to Empower Themselves |url=https://hbr.org/2010/04/empowering-your-employees-to-e |journal=Harvard Business Review |publisher=hbr.org |access-date=2015-09-17}}</ref> Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da cewa kowane ma'aikaci yana da ƙwarewa don biyan nauyin da aka ba su kuma tsarin kamfanin ya kafa abubuwan da suka dace ga ma'aikata don ba da lada ga ɗaukar nauyin su. In ba haka ba akwai haɗarin zama mai cinyewa ko ma zama mai barci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Argyris |first=Chris |date=May 1998 |title=Empowerment: The Emperor's New Clothes |url=https://hbr.org/1998/05/empowerment-the-emperors-new-clothes |journal=Harvard Business Review |publisher=hbr.org |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=98–105 |pmid=10179657 |access-date=2015-09-17}}</ref> === Tasiri ga al'adun kamfanoni === Karfafa ma'aikata yana buƙatar al'adun amincewa a cikin ƙungiyar da kuma tsarin bayanai da sadarwa da ya dace. Manufar waɗannan ayyukan ita ce adana farashin sarrafawa, wanda ya zama mara amfani lokacin da ma'aikata ke aiki da kansu kuma a cikin hanyar motsa kansu. A cikin littafin Empowerment Takes More Than a Minute, marubutan sun kwatanta maɓalli uku da kungiyoyi za su iya amfani da su don buɗe ilimin, gogewa, da ikon motsawa da mutane suka riga sun samu. Makullin guda uku da manajoji dole ne su yi amfani da su don karfafa ma'aikatansu sune: # Raba bayanai tare da kowa # Samar da ikon [[Samun cin gashin kai|cin gashin kai]] ta hanyar iyakoki # Sanya tsohuwar matsayi tare da Kungiyoyin aiki masu kai tsaye A cewar Stewart, don tabbatar da yanayin aiki mai nasara, manajoji suna buƙatar yin amfani da "nau'in iko" (shafi na 6). &nbsp;Don taƙaitawa, "ƙarfi shine kawai amfani da ikon manajan", kuma daga baya, hanya ce mai amfani don kara yawan aikin aiki. Wadannan maɓallan suna da wuyar sanyawa kuma tafiya ce don samun karfafawa a wurin aiki. Yana da mahimmanci a horar da ma'aikata kuma a tabbatar da cewa suna da amincewa da abin da karfafawa zai kawo wa kamfani. === Tattaunawa === An soki aiwatar da manufar karfafawa a cikin gudanarwa saboda rashin cika da'awarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marquet |first=David |date=2015-05-27 |title=6 Myths About Empowering Employees |url=https://hbr.org/2015/05/6-myths-about-empowering-employees |journal=Harvard Business Review |publisher=hbr.org |access-date=2015-09-17}}</ref> Masanin falsafa na Amurka Joanne Ciulla ta tattauna batun karfafawa na ƙarya. == A cikin hankali na wucin gadi == Karfafawa a cikin nazarin hankali na wucin gadi shine adadi mai yawa wanda ke auna ikon da aka fahimta na wakili don rinjayar mahallinsa. Karfafawa wata hanya ce ta tsara ainihin motsawa inda wakili ke zaɓar ayyuka masu fa'ida tare da sanin tsarin muhalli kawai, maimakon gamsar da buƙatun da aka ɗora a waje kamar yadda yake a cikin homeostasis. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa wakilai na wucin gadi da ke aiki don kara karfin su, ba tare da wani manufa ba, suna nuna halayyar bincike mai fa'ida wanda, a cikin kewayon yanayin da aka tsara, yayi kama da halayyar basira a cikin abubuwa masu rai. == "Age na Ƙarfafawa" == Marshall McLuhan ya nace cewa ci gaban Kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki zai raunana tsarin Matsayi wanda ke tallafawa gwamnatocin tsakiya, manyan kamfanoni, ilimi kuma, gabaɗaya, tsananin, "linear-Cartesian" siffofin ƙungiyar zamantakewa. Daga wannan hangen nesa, sabon, "nau'ikan lantarki na wayar da kan jama'a" wanda [[fasahar bayanai]] ke jagoranta zai ba da ƙarfi ga ɗan ƙasa, ma'aikata da ɗalibai ta hanyar yada bayanai masu yawa a kusa da ainihin lokacin da aka tanada wa ƙwararrun masana da ƙwararru. Dole ne 'yan ƙasa su nemi karin magana a cikin gudanar da harkokin gwamnati, samarwa, amfani, da ilimi <ref name="youtube1977" /> Masanin tattalin arziki na Majalisar Fensho ta Duniya (WPC) Nicolas Firzli ya yi jayayya cewa saurin haɓaka al'adu, musamman sababbin nau'ikan haɗin kan layi da karuwar buƙatun manufofin jama'a da yanke shawara na gudanarwa suna canza hanyar da gwamnatoci da kamfanoni ke hulɗa da 'yan ƙasa a cikin "Age of Empowerment" == Dubi kuma == {{Columns-list|* [[Citizen science#Plastics and pollution|Citizen Science]] * [[Decentralization]] * [[Delegation]] * [[Learned helplessness]] * [[Learned optimism]] * [[Popular education]] * [[Self-help]] * [[Capacity building]] * [[Positive psychology]] * [[Self-ownership]] * [[Employee engagement]] * [[Power (social and political)]] * [[Youth empowerment]] * [[Black economic empowerment]] * [[Angela Rose]] * [[Minority rights]] * [[Women's rights]] * [[Gender empowerment]] * [[Legal awareness]] * [[Legal mobilisation]]}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Al'ada]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j6h9evefl2n5mnl9rexlb67oe2ghf7d 0 175215 967029 948684 2026-10-13T00:48:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kian Hendrik Blignaut''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2008) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Zimbabwe . Mai ba da gudummawa, shi mai buga kwallo ne na hannun dama kuma mai kunna kwallo na hagu. == Ayyuka == Blignaut ya fara bugawa tawagar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Zimbabwe a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2025, a cikin wasan ƙwallaye na matasa na rana ɗaya da Ireland. Ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye, Michael, ya fara buga wa Zimbabwe U19 wasa a wannan wasan. A wasan da ya yi a lokacin wannan jerin a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, ya zira kwallaye a Zimbabwe tare da 68 daga kwallaye 98 yayin da yake bugawa a No.3 .[1][2] Daga baya a wannan watan, ya fara buga wasan farko na Zimbabwe A a kan Scotland, inda ya zira kwallaye 47.[3][4] Blignaut da ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye sun zama tagwaye na farko na kungiyar Takashinga Cricket Club da ke [[Harare]] a watan Yunin 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2025 |title=Blignaut twins recently made history at Takashinga |url=https://3-mob.com/sport/blignaut-twins-recently-made-history-at-takashinga/ |access-date=26 Jan 2026 |website=3-mob.com}}</ref> An sanya masa suna a cikin tawagar Zimbabwe U19 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta Cricket ta maza ta 2026 yana da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 Jan 2026 |title=Blignaut twins ready for their moment |url=https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/blignaut-twins-ready-for-their-moment/ |access-date=26 Jan 2026 |website=Herald Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 Dec 2025 |title=Sons of former all-rounder in Zimbabwe U19 World Cup squad |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/sons-of-former-all-rounder-in-zimbabwe-u19-world-cup-squad |access-date=26 Jan 2026 |website=icc-cricket.com}}</ref> A cikin wasan dumi don gasar, ya zira kwallaye 110 wanda ba a ci nasara ba wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwar ƙarni tare da ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye, Michael, a kan Mid West Rhinos . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Nov 2025 |title=Kian Blignaut century guides Zim U19 to thrilling victory |url=https://3-mob.com/sport/kian-blignaut-century-guides-zim-u19-to-thrilling-victory/ |access-date=26 Jan 2026 |website=3-Mob}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya Andy Blignaut . Ɗan'uwansa ɗan tagwaye Michael shi ma ɗan wasan cricket ne.<ref name="lewis">{{Cite web |date=Apr 10, 2025 |title=Twin sons of former Zimbabwe all-rounder strike half-centuries for U19 side |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/twin-sons-of-former-zimbabwe-all-rounder-strike-half-centuries-for-u19-side |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Wisden}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 10, 2025 |title=Ex-allrounder's sons Michael and Kian named in Zimbabwe U19 WC squad |url=https://www.thehawk.in/news/sports/ex-allrounders-sons-michael-and-kian-named-in-zimbabwe-u19-wc-squad |access-date=26 Jan 2026 |website=The Hawk}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Cornwall Hill a Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Blignaut’s bat Cornwall to victory, CSA Hubs XI claims another massive scalp |url=https://ssschoolsplus.co.za/blignauts-bat-cornwall-to-victory-csa-hub-xi-claims-another-massive-scalp/}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sdkxjgfr6h7v1636fnybxgv9zoetci0 0 175305 966854 948913 2026-10-12T14:58:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''John Mark Deutch''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1938) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne na ƙasar Amurka kuma masanin kimiyyar jiki. Ya kasance Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro na Amurka daga shekarar 1994 zuwa shekara ta 1995 kuma Darakta na Leƙen Asiri na Tsakiya (DCI) daga ranar 10 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1995, har zuwa ranar 15 ga watan Disambar shekarar 1996. <ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web |title=John Deutch — Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613233700/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> Ya kasance Farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) kuma yana aiki a kan allon daraktocin Citigroup, Cummins, Raytheon, da Schlumberger. Deutch kuma memba ne na Hukumar Trilateral . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Trilateral Commission, September 2015 [membership list] |url=http://trilateral.org/download/files/NA%20members%20SEPTEMBER%202015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418083723/http://trilateral.org/download/files/NA%20members%20SEPTEMBER%202015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=22 March 2018 |publisher=The Trilateral Commission}}</ref> == Tarihi == An haifi Deutch a Brussels, Belgium, ɗan Rachel Felicia (Fischer) da Michael Joseph Deutch . Ya fito ne daga jinsin Yahudawa na Rasha, kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a shekara ta 1945.<ref name="cia.gov" /> Ya kammala karatu daga Sidwell Friends School a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma ya sami digiri na farko a tarihi da tattalin arziki daga Kwalejin Amherst . A shekara ta 1961, Deutch ya sami digiri na Master of Science a fannin Injiniyan sinadarai kuma, a cikin shekarar 1966, ya sami digiri ya biyu a fannin [[Kimiyya|ilmin sunadarai]], duka daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT). Yana da digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Amherst, Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell, da Jami'ar Arewa maso Gabas. Daga shekarar 1977 zuwa shekara ta 1980, ya yi aiki a wurare da yawa a [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] (DOE), gami da darektan binciken makamashi, mukaddashin mataimakin sakatare na fasahar makamashi. A shekara ta 1978, Deutch ya buga takardu biyu na ilmin sunadarai na jiki (a cikin Combustion and Flame, a shekarar 1978, shafi na 231 shafi na 215-221 da 223-229) kan yin samfurin tsarin man fetur / iska. &nbsp;Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban MIT daga shekarar 1985 zuwa shekara ta 1990. A matsayinsa na Dean na kimiyya da provost na MIT, Deutch ya kula da rushewar sashen kimiyyar halittu, gami da ɓangaren ilimin toxicology. Bugu da ƙari, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, an zaɓe shi a cikin Kwamitin Amintattun Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta MIT-Russia Skolkovo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology |url=https://www.skoltech.ru/sites/default/files/Sk_newsletter_print_version5.pdf#page=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507232738/https://www.skoltech.ru/sites/default/files/Sk_newsletter_print_version5.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> == Daraktan leken asiri na tsakiya == A shekara ta 1995, Shugaba [[Bill Clinton]] ya naɗa shi Darakta na Leƙen Asiri na Tsakiya. Kamar yadda Deutch da farko ya yi jinkirin karɓar naɗin, an ba da matsayin tare da matsayin majalisar ministoci, abin da ya zama dole wanda magajin George Tenet ya riƙe har zuwa ƙarshen gwamnatin Clinton. A lokacin da aka naɗa shi, The New York Times ya ambaci mai fafutuka [[Noam Chomsky]], sanannen mai sukar manufofin ƙasashen waje na ƙasar Amurka da [[C.I.A|CIA]], yana cewa, "Yana da gaskiya da mutunci fiye da duk wanda na taɓa saduwa da shi a rayuwar ilimi, ko wani rayuwa... Idan wani ya kasance yana gudanar da CIA, ina farin ciki shi ne". A matsayinsa na shugaban CIA, Deutch ya ci gaba da manufofin magajinsa R. James Woolsey don bayyana bayanan da suka shafi ayyukan ɓoye na ƙasar Amurka a lokacin [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] . <ref name="deutchpolicy">{{Cite web |title="CIA's Historical Review Program", National Archives (NARA) electronic collections |url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/special_collections.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230103930/http://www.foia.cia.gov/special_collections.asp |archive-date=December 30, 2007}}</ref> A shekara ta 1996, Deutch ya ɗauki mataki mai ban mamaki na tafiya zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Locke a [[Los Angeles]] don magance rahotanni cewa CIA ta sauƙaƙa gabatar da crack cocaine a cikin Los Angeles.<ref name="latimes">{{Cite web |date=16 November 1996 |title=CIA Head Speaks in L.A. To Counter Crack Claims |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-11-16-mn-65300-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Da yake magana da taron jama'a masu adawa, Deutch ya musanta duk wata alaƙa tsakanin CIA da fataucin cocaine a Los Angeles kuma ya yi alkawarin bude bincike.<ref name="latimes" /><ref name="nytimes" /> Taron ya samo asali ne daga zargin da ɗan jarida Gary Webb ya buga wanda ya haɗa CIA da kasuwancin cocaine na California da mai fataucin Danilo Blandón . <ref name="latimes" /> <ref name="nytimes" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierce |first=Charles P. |date=June 18, 2013 |title=Gary Webb And The Limits Of Vindication |url=http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/gary-webb-cia-drug-running-story-061813 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223023349/http://www.esquire.com/blogs/politics/gary-webb-cia-drug-running-story-061813 |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2018 |website=Esquire}}</ref> Deutch ya faɗi daga tagomashi tare da gwamnatin Clinton saboda shaidar jama'a da ya ba Majalisa kan [[Iraƙi|Iraki]]. Musamman, Deutch ya shaida cewa [[Saddam Hussein]] ya fi ƙarfin da ya kasance shekaru huɗu da suka gabata kuma cewa CIA bazai iya magance matsalar ba. Bayan ya sake lashe zaɓen, Clinton ya maye gurbin Deutch. [[File:President_Clinton_and_CIA_Director_John_Deutch_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency.jpg|left|thumb|Taron Deutch tare da Shugaba Clinton don tattauna Bosnia a cikin shekarar 1996]] Deutch ya bar CIA a ranar 15 ga Disambar shekarar 1996. <ref name="cia.gov" /> Ba da daɗewa ba, an bayyana cewa yawancin kwamfutocin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka sun ƙunshi bayanan da aka rarraba ba bisa ka'ida ba. A watan Janairun shekarar 1997, CIA ta fara bincike na tsaro game da lamarin. Babban gudanarwa a CIA ya ki bin cikakken keta dokar tsaro. Fiye da shekaru biyu bayan tafiyarsa, an tura batun zuwa Ma'aikatar Shari'a, inda Babban Lauyan Janet Reno ya ki gurfanar da shi. Ta yi, duk da haka, ta ba da shawarar bincike don sanin ko Deutch ya kamata ya riƙe izinin tsaro. Deutch ya amince da yin ikirarin aikata laifi saboda rashin kula da asirin gwamnati a ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2001, amma Shugaba Clinton ya gafarta masa a ranar ƙarshe a ofis, kwana biyu kafin Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta iya gabatar da ƙarar a kansa. [[File:JohnDeutch-EnergySeminar-Jan2020.png|thumb|Koyarwa a M.I.T., 2020.]] == Membobin kwamitin da zumunci == An zaɓi Deutch a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a cikin shekarar 1978 da kuma American Philosophical Society a cikin shekarar 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Mark Deutch |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/john-mark-deutch |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=John+Deutch&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Man Fetur ta Kasa tun daga shekarar 2008 kuma Sakataren Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta DOE tun daga shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=John M. Deutch |url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/5/john_m_deutch.html |access-date=24 Apr 2014 |website=Harvard.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424203907/http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/5/john_m_deutch.html |archive-date=24 April 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1988, an zaɓi Deutch a matsayin ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Gudanar da Gwamnati ta Kasa. . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Incorporated |first=Prime |title=National Academy of Public Administration |url=https://napawash.org/fellow/14375 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=National Academy of Public Administration |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.<ref>{{Cite web |title=John M. Deutch – MIT Department of Chemistry |url=https://chemistry.mit.edu/profile/john-m-deutch/ |access-date=16 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=John Deutch: Philanthropy Profile {{!}} Museum of Fine Arts Boston |url=https://patronview.com/patrons/john-deutch |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Patron View |language=en}}</ref> == See also == * Jerin mutanen da shugaban Amurka ya gafarta musu ko ya ba su gafarta == Manazarta l == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == * [http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/deutch/biography.html Tarihin Deutch na MIT] * [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]].org/catalog/V_6C71FD2938E14A07B7F0C2CA0E417F23" id="mwAaQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Yaƙi da Zaman Lafiya a Zamanin Nukiliya; Reagan's Shield: Tattaunawa da John Deutch, WGBH Disamba 1987 * "Nora Slatkin's Mission Impossible: The CIA," BusinessWeek[link cire] Fabrairu 26, 1996 - Game da babban darektan da Deutch ya hayar don inganta bambancin a CIA. * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3bnygdclzbrbbm6tvxtvvxte0lr1scs 0 175391 966952 962780 2026-10-12T21:08:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Phone Power kamfani ne na kasuwanci mai zaman kansa na Amurka akan IP (VoIP), wanda ke zaune a Winnetka, California wanda ke ba da sabis na tarho akan Intanet ta hanyar haɗin band. == Tarihi == Kamfanin mai zaman kansa wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2005, Phone Power yana ba da sabis na sadarwa a cikin jihohi 48 a cikin Amurka. Sabis ɗin abokin ciniki na Phone Power yana cikin Amurka. Abokan ciniki na Phone Power sun bambanta daga sabis na zama guda ɗaya zuwa cibiyoyin kira na kamfanoni da SIP Trunking. Kamfanin yana inganta kansa tare da taken "sadarwa ta samo asali" a Amurka. An kafa shi a Canoga Park, CA, Phone Power yanzu yana cikin Winnetka, CA. Kamfanin a halin yanzu yana ba da sabis a duk faɗin Amurka da Kanada. A Amurka yana daya daga cikin shahararrun masu samarwa, mafi girman mai ba da VoIP mai zaman kansa da kuma gasa kai tsaye ga masu aiki. A Kanada Phone Power yana da ƙaruwa mai biyan kuɗi, tare da ƙaruwa a cikin shahararren Phone Power. == A cikin labarai == A watan Satumbar 2009, Phone Power ta ba da sanarwar sayen duk abokan cinikin Broadvox Direct VoIP. Tare da wannan saye, Phone Power ya fadada ɗaukar hoto zuwa Kanada. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009 Best Buy da Phone Power sun ba da sanarwar samun Phone Power Retail Combo Pack a duk shagunan Best Buy a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-23 |title=Phone Power Expands Brand into Best Buy Stores Nationwide |url=http://www.voipmonitor.net/2009/11/23/Phone+Power+Expands+Brand+Into+Best+Buy+Stores+Nationwide.aspx |access-date=2011-06-13 |publisher=VoIP Monitor}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2010 Phone Power da Fry's Electronics sun ba da sanarwar yarjejeniyar rarrabawa don rarraba samfuran Phone Power a cikin shagunan Fry a duk faɗin ƙasar <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Phone Power Expands Coast-to-Coast by Partnering with Fry's Electronics |url=http://www.telephonyworld.com/news/phone-power-expands-coast-to-coast-by-partnering-with-frys-electronics |access-date=2011-06-13 |publisher=Telephony World |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001133454/http://www.telephonyworld.com/news/phone-power-expands-coast-to-coast-by-partnering-with-frys-electronics |archive-date=2011-10-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Acme Packet ya ambaci Phone Power a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan ciniki na gaba da ke amfani da masu kula da iyakar Net-Net 4250 a cikin Q4 2009 Earnings Call tare da masu saka hannun jari.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Acme Packet Inc. Q4 2009 Earnings Call Transcript |url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/186170-acme-packet-inc-q4-2009-earnings-call-transcript |access-date=2011-06-13 |publisher=Seeking Alpha}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2010, Acme Packet ta ba da rahoton cewa Phone Power ta tura manyan masu kula da iyakar Net-Net 4500 don kauce wa sauyawar Class 4 na gargajiya. A watan Agustan 2010, Metaswitch ya nuna Phone Power a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan cinikin IP na farko <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phone Power Energizes Broadband Voice Revolution |url=http://www.metaswitch.com/news/phone-power-energizes-broadband-voice-revolution.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723061815/http://www.metaswitch.com/news/phone-power-energizes-broadband-voice-revolution.aspx |archive-date=2011-07-23 |access-date=2011-06-13 |publisher=Metaswitch.com}}</ref> kuma ya nuna su a daya daga cikin bidiyon talla na farko na "Built On Metaswitcher". A watan Oktoban 2010, kamfanin Phone Power ya sanar da karɓar kwastomomin VOIP.com. Alamar kasuwanci ta VOIP.com tana ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai zaman kanta tare da alamar Phone Power. A watan Agustan 2011, Innomedia ta ba da sanarwar babban sayan kayan aikin VoIP daga Phone Power . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-16 |title=Innomedia Announces Large Purchase Order |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/InnoMedia-Announces-Large-bw-110507337.html |access-date=2011-08-16 |publisher=Finance.yahoo.com}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2012, Phone Power ta faɗakar da abokan ciniki cewa suna fuskantar wani hari na Denial-of-service a shafin yanar gizon su. An katse sabis ɗin na ɗan lokaci ga abokan ciniki, amma an dawo da shi gaba ɗaya a wannan rana. Sun bayar da rahoton a shafin su na [[Twitter]] cewa matsalar ta ruwaito wa FBI. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, Fasahar Obihai ta shawarci abokan ciniki ta amfani da masu daidaita tarho na Obihai analog tare da Google Voice cewa ya kamata su sauya zuwa masu siyar da wayar waya ko [[Anveo]] a karkashin OBiTALK da aka amince da shi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obihai Announces OBiTALK Approved Service Provider Program |url=http://blog.obihai.com/2014/03/obihai-announces-obitalk-approved_18.html |access-date=2026-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029192849/http://blog.obihai.com/2014/03/obihai-announces-obitalk-approved_18.html |archive-date=2014-10-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kamar yadda cire Google na tallafin XMPP zai rushe amfani da ATA tare da wannan sabis ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obihai Offers New Low-Cost Home Phone Options as Technology Change at Google Ends Free Service |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/18/obihai-offers-new-low-cost-home-phone-options-as-technology-change-at-google-ends-free-service/}}</ref> Tallafin hukuma na Obihai don Google Voice ya dawo Satumba 11, 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Voice and Obihai Update |url=http://blog.obihai.com/2014/09/google-voice-and-obihai-update.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914003651/http://blog.obihai.com/2014/09/google-voice-and-obihai-update.html |archive-date=2014-09-14 |access-date=2014-11-03}}</ref> == Kayayyakin == A cikin shekara ta 2009, Phone Power ta gabatar da "minti 60 na kira na kasa da kasa kyauta" don zaɓar wuraren da ke cikin kowane shirin da ya ba da minti 3,000 ko fiye. A cikin shekara ta 2010, Phone Power ta gabatar da shirin Global Plus Add On don kiran kasa da kasa. Wannan ya ba da damar ƙarin minti 1200 ga waɗannan ƙasashe. A watan Janairun 2011, Phone Power ta ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen iPhone kyauta, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=PCWorld AppGuide |url=http://www.pcworld.com/appguide/app.html?id=805538 |access-date=2011-06-14 |publisher=PC World}}</ref> yana bawa kwastomomi damar amfani da kiran da aka haɗa na duniya akan wayoyin hannu. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya ba da "Zippy" USB adapter wanda za'a iya amfani dashi ban da na gida, yana ba da damar amfani da sabis ɗin yayin tafiya (An dakatar da "Zeppy" USB adaftan). An maye gurbin mai daidaita USB na "Zippy" tare da Softphone mai zaman kansa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi daga kowane kwamfuta na Windows ko Apple tare da makirufo da masu magana. Wayar taushi kyauta ce. == Bukatar VoIP == Don amfani da gida, abokan ciniki suna amfani da "Phone Power" "VoIP router" (ko kayan aikin da suka bayar) wanda ke haɗawa da babban mai ba da hanya ko modem mai zurfi. Saurin lodawa na 128 kbps da saurin saukewa na 768 kbit / s shine mafi ƙarancin buƙata don ingancin sabis ba tare da ingancin kira ba.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Samun lambar tarho da ɗaukar hoto == Masu biyan kuɗi suna zaɓar lamba a Amurka don layin farko, a cikin lambar yanki da ba ta da alaƙa da ainihin wurin zama. Masu biyan kuɗi na iya samun ƙarin "lambobin kama-da-wane" don kuɗin wata-wata. Duk da cewa kamfanin yana goyon bayan jigilar lambar wayar Amurka ta hanyar ɗaukar lambar gida ta Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta Amurka, ba kowace lambar waya ake samu a kowace lambar yanki ba. Mazauna Amurka da Kanada na iya yin rajista don Wayar Salula ta katin kiredit, katin zare kuɗi, ko katin kiredit da aka riga aka biya. == Kira na gaggawa == Bambanci ɗaya tsakanin Sabis ɗin Wayar Salula na Tsohon Zamani (POTS), da kuma Voice Over IP shine yadda ake yin rijistar su don Ayyukan Gaggawa na 9-1-1. Tare da POTS, lambar wayar tana da alaƙa da adireshi ɗaya har abada kuma wannan adireshin an yi masa rijista da rumbun adana bayanai na yanki mai dacewa na 9-1-1. Voice Over IP yana ba da damar motsi fiye da POTS, tunda lambar ku za a iya haɗa ta da ƙaramin kayan aiki ko software wanda zai iya tafiya daga wuri zuwa wuri. Ana magance wannan motsi tare da E911, ko Enhanced 9-1-1. Wutar Lantarki tana ba abokin ciniki damar canza adireshin su don 9-1-1 ta intanet, wanda ke ba da damar kusan sabunta rumbun adana bayanai na yanki na 9-1-1 nan take. Ikon Wayar yana da fasalin Lambar Rashin Tsaro wanda zai tura kira mai shigowa zuwa lambar Wayar Wayar Wayara zuwa wani lamari na daban a yayin da tsarin su ba zai iya aika waɗannan kiran zuwa na'urar Wayar Wayarta ba. (misali, kashe Intanet na abokin ciniki, kashe wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu) == Dubi kuma == * SIP Trunking * Wayar hannu * Wayar IP * G711 * G.722 * T.38 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1yo5zajtbza7e4ijlx81oj2ueyqpc28 0 175636 967033 949694 2026-10-13T01:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Christian de Graaff (1953 - 9 Nuwamba 2025) <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2004 |title="I will work hard to win"- De Graaf |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/2004/May/Tuesday4/105189481147.html |publisher=}}</ref> ya kasance Ministan Noma na [[Botswana]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2013-08-01 |title=Christian de Graaff : behind the aff able façade |url=https://www.thegazette.news/opinion/christian-de-graaff-behind-the-aff-able-facade/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Botswana Gazette |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-21 |title=De Graff says only Khama can fire him over collapse of BMC {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/de-graff-says-only-khama-can-fire-him-over-collapse-of-bmc/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221124851/https://www.sundaystandard.info/de-graff-says-only-khama-can-fire-him-over-collapse-of-bmc/ |archive-date=2025-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> daga 2011 zuwa 2015 kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar [[Ghanzi South|Ghanzi ta Kudu]] daga 2007-2014 Ya kasance kabilanci [[Al'ummar Afrikaner|Afrikaner]] daga Ghanzi, wanda a tarihi yana da yawan mutanen Boer. De Graaff ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2025 biyo bayan yunkurin kashe kansa a watan da ya gabata.[1][2][3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] t6fwit8nnrw8914zuo82yanq1dxmian 0 175856 966818 950531 2026-10-12T13:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Loch Fleet''' wani [[Loch|yanki]] ne na teku a gabashin gabar tekun [[Scotland]], dake tsakanin Golspie da Dornoch . Tana samar da mashigar '''Kogin''', wani ƙaramin kogi mai faɗi wanda ke tashi a tsaunukan gabashin Lairg . An sanya wa wurin suna a matsayin wurin ajiyar namun daji na ƙasa (NNR) a shekarar 1998, kuma haɗin gwiwa tsakanin [[NatureScot]], Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) da Sutherland Estates ne ke kula da shi. NNR ya kai hekta 1058, ciki har da kwarin ruwa na Loch Fleet, tuddan yashi, tuddan shingle da kuma dazuzzukan pine da ke kusa, ciki har da Balbair Wood da Ferry Wood. Ruwan ruwan da ke cikin tafkin ya mamaye sama da murabba'in kilomita 630&nbsp;ha, kuma shine mafi girman mazaunin da ke kan NNR. == Labarin ƙasa da ilimin ƙasa == Loch Fleet wani bakin teku ne mai zurfi wanda aka gina a mashaya tare da manyan filayen yashi da kuma filayen laka da ke da bayan ƙasa mai gishiri da kuma tuddai. Loch ɗin yana haɗuwa da Dornoch Firth ta hanyar wata kunkuntar hanyar da ke tsakanin Coul Links da Ferry Links. A ƙarƙashin duwatsun yashi akwai wani babban dutse na tsohon dutsen Red Sandstone, wanda aka lulluɓe shi da duwatsun shingle, waɗanda suka miƙe daga iyakar yammacin NNR zuwa gabar tekun da ke yanzu da kuma arewa daga Littleferry zuwa Golspie . A ƙarshen [[Shekarar kankara|zamanin kankara]] na ƙarshe, Loch Fleet ya zama wani babban fili mai faɗi tare da raƙuman ruwa da ke kaiwa cikin ƙasa har zuwa Rogart. Ruwa a hankali yana jan shingle a bakin ƙofar bakin teku, yana samar da wani kwarin ruwa da aka haɗa da teku ta hanyar wata kunkuntar hanyar ruwa. == Tsirrai da dabbobi == Laka tana da matukar muhimmanci ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye da yawa, kuma an samu nau'ikan tsuntsaye sama da 100 a wurin ajiyar, inda aka samu adadi mafi yawa a lokacin hijirar bazara da kaka. Nau'in da ke yin hunturu a Loch sun haɗa da bar-tailed godwit, greylag goose, wigeon, curlew, dunlin, da kuma teal . Kimanin kashi 2% na dukkan al'ummar greylag geese na Burtaniya suna amfani da faɗin Dornoch Firth da Loch Fleet SPA, tare da Loch Fleet yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin kaka: yayin da hunturu ke ci gaba da tafiya da yawa daga cikin geese suna ƙaura zuwa Dornoch Firth. Kaza suna yin bazara a arewa, wasu suna kan hanyarsu ta zuwa [[Ayislan|Iceland]] wasu kuma suna nan a cikin Scotland a wurare a Caithness da Sutherland. Tsuntsayen da ke kiwo a Loch Fleet sun haɗa da Arctic terns, common terns, oystercatchers, ringed plovers, wheatears, European stonechats, cuckoos, meadow pipits da skylarks, waɗannan nau'ikan suna fifita mazaunin mahalli . Itacen [[Dajin Caledonia|pine]] yana ɗauke da nau'ikan crossbills, siskin, common redstart, treecreeper, great spotted woodpecker, buzzard da sparrowhawk . Loch Fleet wuri ne mai kyau don ganin kamun kifi na osprey, kuma a farkon shekarun 1990 akwai nau'ikan kiwo guda 10 a cikin babban filin SPA. <ref name="citation">{{Cite web |title=Loch Fleet SSSI Citation |url=https://apps.snh.gov.uk/sitelink-api/v1/sites/984/documents/1 |access-date=26 February 2019 |publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226234140/https://apps.snh.gov.uk/sitelink-api/v1/sites/984/documents/1 |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dabbobin da suka fi shahara a Loch Fleet sune hatimin ruwa: ana iya ganin hatimin ruwa daga titin jama'a a Skelbo duk shekara, kuma hatimin ruwa mai launin toka suna zuwa a lokacin hunturu. Ana kuma samun jemage na Eurasian otter da pipistrelle a nan, tare da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa na ƙasar Scotland kamar barewa, jajayen fata, pine marten, da weasel . An yi rikodin jan squirrels da kuma kuliyoyi na Scotland a yankin, amma ba a gan su ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A shekarar 2023, an wanke wani kifin humpback a bakin teku a Loch Fleet. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire masu jijiyoyin jini guda 265, nau'ikan lichen sama da 110, da kuma nau'ikan fungi sama da 50 da aka samu a Loch Fleet NNR. Mafi kyawun shuke-shuke shine na itacen pine da ke Balblair Wood, inda ake samun nau'in shuke-shuken hunturu masu furanni ɗaya, furanni biyu da kuma shuke-shuken mata masu rarrafe . Ana samun wasu nau'ikan halittu da aka saba samu a dazuzzukan pine na asali amma ba a saba gani ba a Scotland kamar su wintergreen da ƙananan twayblade . Dazuzzukan alder da ke kusa da bakin kogin a Mound suma suna da mahimmanci.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2019}} == Tarihi == Burbushin Gidan Skelbo suna gefen kudu na Loch. An yi Yaƙin Littleferry kwanaki kaɗan kafin Yaƙin Culloden a shekara ta 1746. Sojojin Sutherland sun sauko daga tsaunukan da ke saman Golspie suka kuma ci karo da kimanin mutane 500 karkashin jagorancin Earl of Cromarty. An killace mutanen Cromarty a yankin Littleferry da ke arewa maso gabashin yankin Loch, kuma ko dai an kashe su, an kama su, ko kuma an nutsar da su a cikin yankin Loch. Gina hanyar Mound, wadda Thomas Telford ya tsara kuma aka gina tsakanin 1814 da 1818 don ɗaukar abin da yanzu ake kira [[A9 roadArticle stub box|A9 road Akwatin tabo na kayan aiki]], ya rage girman loch ɗin. Titin, wanda kusan 1 ne&nbsp;Tsawon kilomita, yana aiki a matsayin shingen ruwa, yana dakatar da teku kimanin 2.5&nbsp;kilomita ƙasa da iyakar magudanar ruwa ta baya. Magudanar ruwa a cikin hanyar jirgin ruwa tana ba wa kifin salmon da kifi mai kifi damar ci gaba da ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ake kiwon dabbobi, haka kuma tana ba da damar kwararar ruwa ga rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Kogin. == Tsarin kiyayewa == Loch Fleet ta zama wurin ajiyar namun daji a ƙarƙashin kulawar Scottish Wildlife Trust a shekarar 1970 ta hanyar yarjejeniya da masu filaye, Sutherland da Cambusmore Estates. A shekarar 1975 aka ayyana shi a matsayin Wurin Sha'awar Kimiyya ta Musamman (SSSI): Rundunar Loch SSSI ta ɗan fi NNR girma, a 1232.&nbsp;ha, kuma yana rufe Coul Links. <ref name="SSSI">{{Cite web |title=Loch Fleet SSSI |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/984 |access-date=21 September 2020 |publisher=NatureScot}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Maris 1997, an kafa yankin kariya na musamman na Dornoch Firth da Loch Fleet (SPA) don kiyaye namun daji. SPA ta ƙunshi {{Convert|7836.33|ha|acres|0}} na Loch Fleet, Dornoch Firth, Morrich More, Mound Alderwoods da Tarbat Ness, kuma an lissafa ta a matsayin [[Wajen Ramsar|wurin Ramsar]] a wannan shekarar. [[Kwamitin Kula da Yanayi na hadin gwiwa|Kwamitin Kula da Yanayi na Hadin gwiwa]] ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalai a arewa maso yammacin Turai na babban maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai rikitarwa wanda ci gaban masana'antu bai shafe shi ba". An sanya Loch Fleet a matsayin wurin ajiyar yanayi na ƙasa (NNR) a shekarar 1998: Ƙungiyar Kare Yanayi ta Duniya ta ware NNR a matsayin [[Yankin kariya|yanki mai kariya]] daga [[Yankin kariya|Nau'i na IV]] . <ref name="planet">{{Cite web |title=Loch Fleet |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/169619 |access-date=14 February 2021 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4569o13wotztz74ovdz770fmw6g8qjm 0 175970 967045 950836 2026-10-13T03:02:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hanyar Loch nan Uamh''' wata hanyar jirgin ƙasa ce a Scotland wadda ke ɗauke da layin West Highland. == Zane == Viaduct ɗin yana da baka takwas na siminti mai {{Convert|50|ft}} tsawon, huɗu a kowane gefe na babban pylon na siminti na tsakiya. Ba a san dalilin wannan ƙirar ba. Hanyar jirgin ruwa ta ratsa Allt a' Mhama, ko Mama Burn, kafin ta kwarara zuwa Loch nan Uamh, wani yanki na teku da ke arewacin yankin Ardnish. Nan da nan a arewacin hanyar jirgin ruwa akwai wani ɗan gajeren rami. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Nan Uamh Viaduct |url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/rcahms/22716/loch-nan-uamh-viaduct/rcahms |access-date=30 December 2014 |publisher=scotlandsplaces.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230124358/http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/rcahms/22716/loch-nan-uamh-viaduct/rcahms |archive-date=30 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Dokin da aka binne a cikin kabari == A shekarar 1987, Roland Paxton, daga Jami'ar Heriot-Watt, ya binciki tatsuniyar cewa wani doki ya faɗa cikin wani matukin jirgi yayin gina hanyar jirgin ruwa ta Glenfinnan a shekarar 1898 ko 1899. <ref name="moi">{{Cite web |title=The Horse in the Viaduct - a tale of Victorian engineering |url=http://www.moidart.org.uk/justoutside/horseinviaduct/horseinviaduct.htm |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=moidart.org.uk}}</ref> Duk da haka, bayan an saka kyamarar fisheye a cikin ramukan da aka yi a cikin ramuka biyu kawai da suka isa girman doki, ba a sami wani abu da ya rage ga dabba ba. <ref name="moi" /> A shekarar 1997, bisa ga jita-jitar da aka ji daga yankin, Paxton ya yi bincike kan hanyar Loch nan Uamh viaduct ta amfani da wannan hanyar amma ya gano tarkace kawai. <ref name="high" /> <ref name="moi" /> A shekara ta 2001, ya koma Loch nan Uamh da kayan aikin [[radar]] kuma ya sami ragowar doki da keken hawa a cikin babban pylon na viaduct. <ref name="moi" /> == Manazarta == 2cmb4z42jqi68tv70smehbtzopeh9il 0 175983 966865 950901 2026-10-12T15:44:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jordan Marshall''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka wanda ke gudu a baya ga Michigan Wolverines . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marshall a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2005, ɗan Jarelle Marshall da Amy Allphin, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Moeller a Cincinnati, Ohio. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a cikin 2022, an zaba shi a matsayin [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] Gatorade Player of the Year, yana ƙididdige yadudduka 1,951, yadudduka masu karɓa 364 da jimlar touchdowns 33.<ref name="com" /> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, a wasanni 13 ya yi sauri don yadudduka 1,550 da 17 touchdowns, tare da samun karɓar 30 don yaduddusa 394 da ƙarin touchdowns hudu. Bayan kakar, ya karbi lambar yabo ta 2023 Ohio Mr. Football Award.<ref>{{cite news|title=Moeller's Jordan Marshall Takes Home Mr. Football|newspaper=The Marion Star|author=Mike Dyer|date=December 2, 2023|page=B1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-marion-star-jordan-marshall/161973476/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Ya gama aikinsa na makarantar sakandare tare da jimlar yadudduka 4,787.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2023 |title=Moeller’s Jordan Marshall is Ohio Mr. Football |url=https://www.ohsaa.org/news-media/moellers-jordan-marshall-is-ohio-mr-football |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=ohsaa.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dyer |first=Mike |date=November 30, 2023 |title=Moeller High School senior running back Jordan Marshall named Ohio Mr. Football |url=https://www.wcpo.com/sports/high-school-sports/moeller-high-school-senior-running-back-jordan-marshall-named-ohio-mr-football |access-date=December 31, 2024 |website=wcpo.com}}</ref> Ya kasance mai tara taurari huɗu, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin No. 4 mai gudu da kuma No. 78 a cikin ƙasar a cikin matsayi na 247Sports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Marshall Recruiting Profile |url=https://247sports.com/player/jordan-marshall-46128683/high-school-273941/ |website=247Sports}}</ref> Yana da tayin daga makarantu da yawa, gami da Jihar Ohio, Jihar Michigan, Tennessee da Wisconsin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, ya sanar da jajircewarsa na buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Michigan Wolverines .<ref name=com>{{cite news|title=Wolverines add four-star Ohio RB Jordan Marsahll for 2024|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|author=Ryan Ford|date=March 22, 2024|page=B2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-marshall/161972878/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> == Jami'ar Michigan == === Farko (2024) === A watan Yunin 2024, Marshall ya shiga Jami'ar Michigan. A lokacinsa na farko, yana da takwas don yadudduka 20 a cikin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun. A kan Arewa maso Yamma a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, ya kuma mayar da raga 63 yadudduka. A ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2024, Marshall ya fara aikinsa na farko a cikin ReliaQuest Bowl da No. 11 Alabama, ya tara yadudduka 100 a kan 23 da aka ɗauka.<ref>{{cite news|title=No Mullings or Edwards? No worries as Michigan's Marshall rushes for 100 vs. Alabama|author=Angelique S. Chengelis|newspaper=The Detroit News|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/college/university-michigan/2024/12/31/no-mullings-or-edwards-no-worries-as-michigans-marshall-rushes-for-100-vs-alabama/77349108007/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan RB Jordan Marshall has coming out party in bowl win over Alabama|newspaper=[[Mlive.com]]|author=Aaron McCann|date=January 1, 2025|url=https://www.mlive.com/wolverines/2025/01/michigan-rb-jordan-marshall-has-coming-out-party-in-bowl-win-over-alabama.html}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, ya sami lambar yabo mafi mahimmanci.<ref name="a474">{{Cite web |last=Knoop |first=Trent |date=December 31, 2024 |title=Michigan football true freshman earns ReliaQuest Bowl MVP |url=https://www.si.com/college/michigan/football/michigan-football-true-freshman-jordan-marshall-wins-mvp-award |access-date=February 3, 2025 |website=SI.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425101125/https://www.si.com/college/michigan/football/michigan-football-true-freshman-jordan-marshall-wins-mvp-award |archive-date=April 25, 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan wasan kofin, kocin Michigan Sherrone Moore ya kira Marshall "wani baya na musamman" wanda aiki tuƙuru "ya sa ya bambanta".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brock Heilig |date=December 31, 2024 |title=Sherrone Moore lauds MVP Jordan Marshall: 'Gonna be a special back' |url=https://michigan.rivals.com/news/sherrone-moore-lauds-mvp-jordan-marshall-gonna-be-a-special-back- |publisher=Michigan Rivals}}</ref> === Sophomore (2025) === A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta 2025, Marshall ya fara kakar wasa a matsayin na biyu mai gudu, yana raba lokaci a bayan Mai Shari'a Haynes. A wasan uku da ya yi da Central Michigan, Marshall ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko na kakar, ya yi sauri sau goma don yadudduka 52. A wasan hudu da ya yi da Nebraska, yana da shida don yadudduka 80, ciki har da touchdown na 54. A wasan bakwai da Washington, Marshall ya fara farawa na farko na kakar, ya gama da 25 da aka ɗauka don yadudduka 133 da kuma touchdown. A wasan takwas da ya yi da Jihar Michigan, ya yi sauri sau 16 don yadudduka 110 da kuma touchdown yayin da Wolverines suka ci abokin hamayyar su.<ref name="JM23">{{Cite web |title=Jordan Marshall 2025 Game Log |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/player/gamelog/_/id/5079574/jordan-marshall |website=[[ESPN.com]]}}</ref> A wasan tara da ya yi da Purdue, an ɗaga Marshall a matsayin mai farawa bayan Haynes ya yi tiyata a ƙafafunsa, kuma ya yi gaggawar wasan sa na uku a jere na 100-yard. Marshall yana da 25 carries don aiki-high 185 yadudduka da uku touchdowns, kammala tare da 210 jimlar yadudduka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2025 |title=Jordan Marshall runs for 185 yards and 3 TDs to help No. 21 Michigan hold off Purdue for 21-16 win |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap/_/gameId/401752890 |website=[[ESPN.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hole |first=Isaiah |date=November 2, 2025 |title=Michigan football RB Justice Haynes to undergo foot surgery, still hopes to return |url=https://wolverineswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/wolverines/football/2025/11/02/michigan-football-rb-justice-haynes-to-have-surgery/87055845007/ |access-date=November 2, 2025 |website=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> An ba shi suna Big Ten Co-Offensive Player of the Week bayan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2025 |title=Illinois, Michigan, Ohio State and USC Earn Weekly Football Honors |url=https://bigten.org/fb/article/58807/ |access-date=November 3, 2025 |website=BigTen.org |publisher=Big Ten Conference}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A wasan goma da ya yi da Northwestern, Marshall ya yi gaggawar zuwa wasan sa na uku na 100-yard, yana ɗauke da kwallon sau 19 don yadudduka 142 da kuma touchdowns biyu kafin ya bar wasan tare da raunin kafada.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2025 |title=Postgame Notes: #18 Michigan 24, Northwestern 22 |url=https://mgoblue.com/news/2025/11/15/football-postgame-notes-michigan-at-northwestern |access-date=November 15, 2025 |website=University of Michigan Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2025 |title=Zvada's 31-yard field goal as time expires lifts No. 18 Michigan over Northwestern 24-22 |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap/_/gameId/401752905 |website=[[ESPN.com]]}}</ref> === Junior (2026) === A cikin 2026, abokan aikinsa sun zabi Marshall a matsayin kyaftin, girmamawa da aka tanada ga tsofaffi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leonard, Drew |date=August 20, 2026 |title=Captains Moore, Underwood embracing opposite places in Michigan history |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/sports/football/captains-moore-underwood-embracing-opposite-places-in-michigan-history/ |website=The Michigan Daily}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://mgoblue.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-marshall/25752 Tarihin Michigan Wolverines] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] toyz4hsl2wnse4suazf5adwxnajmiip 0 176449 967034 952901 2026-10-13T01:32:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frank Morris''' 30 ga watan Oktoba a shekarar 1914 zuwa 14 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1964 ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka wanda ya mutu sakamakon ƙone shagon takalminsa a Ferriday, Louisiana, birni mai tarihin tashin hankali na launin fata. An yi zargin tsoratar da shaidu, lalata shaidu, da kuma shiga cikin tilasta bin doka ta gida. Ba a gabatar da tuhuma ba duk da bincike uku na FBI. == Rayuwa == Mahaifiyar Frank Morris, Charlotte, ta mutu jim kadan bayan haihuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Sullivan, yana gudanar da shagon takalma a Natchez, Mississippi. Frank Morris ya haifi ɗa ɗaya, kuma yana da jikoki biyu. Morris opened Frank's Shoes Service in the late 1930s, in his hometown of Ferriday, Louisiana. This business serviced both black and white customers. His daily tasks included repairing shoes and saddles, selling jewellery, hats, and clothing, and dyeing purses. The shop was very successful and was known by the tag line, "Open every day and half the night", in its ads in the Concordia ''Sentinel''.{{Page needed|date=February 2019}} The shop was also his residence. The building was burned down in the early morning of December 10, 1964. == Kashewa == On December 10, 1964, two unidentified white men set fire to the shoe repair shop owned by Frank Morris. At approximately 1:00&nbsp;a.m., Morris was awakened in a back room of the shop by the sound of glass breaking. Morris opened the front door of the shop, where he was met by two men in their thirties, one of whom was armed with a shotgun. The men broke multiple shop windows and proceeded to "spread a flammable liquid around the outside of the shop, and evidence indicates that the subjects may have spread the flammable liquid inside of the shop".<ref name="justice.gov1">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2016 |title=Frank Morris - Notice to Close File |url=https://www.justice.gov/crt/case-document/frank-morris-notice-close-file |website=www.justice.gov}}</ref> After one of the subjects lit a match, the shop caught fire; Morris was still present in the building. He was able to escape the shop but sustained burns on 100% of his body. Morris was taken to the hospital by two Ferriday police officers and was able to speak to FBI investigators. In three interviews conducted by FBI investigators, Morris stated that "he saw a man pouring gasoline around the place [...] another man had a shotgun and told him 'to get back in there, nigger'".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> Morris entered a coma two days later, and died on December&nbsp;14.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2019}} == Tsarin kisan kai == Ferriday tana cikin Concordia Parish, Louisiana, a fadin Kogin Mississippi daga Adams County, Mississippi. A cikin shekarun 1960s, yankin ya kasance al'umma mai rarrabe sosai. Jama'ar Adams County sun kasu kusan rabi tsakanin baƙi da fari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1970 Census: Population & Housing, Procedural History |url=https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1976/dec/phcr-1.html |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Kamar sauran yankunan Mississippi, fararen fata ne ke gudanar da tilasta bin doka da kotuna. Jihar Mississippi a zamanin [[Dokokin Jim Crow|Jim Crow]] ta kasance sananniya ce ga kisan gilla. Concordia Parish yana da kisan kai 14 da aka rubuta tsakanin 1964 da 1967.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Stanley |date=27 December 2007 |title=Cold Case: Silver Dollar Group linked to attacks — Edwards, Morris, Jackson, Metcalfe |url=http://www.hannapub.com/concordiasentinel/frank_morris_murder/cold-case-silver-dollar-group-linked-to-attacks-edwards-morris/article_a5be4652-41a5-11e3-a644-0019bb30f31a.html |website=Hanna Newspapers |access-date=22 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802055343/https://www.hannapub.com/concordiasentinel/frank_morris_murder/cold-case-silver-dollar-group-linked-to-attacks-edwards-morris/article_a5be4652-41a5-11e3-a644-0019bb30f31a.html |archive-date=2 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayyukan Ku Klux Klan (KKK) sun kasance masu girma sosai a lokacin [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Zamanin 'yancin bil'adama]]. Kungiyar Silver Dollar (SDG) ta kasance mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai tsattstsauran ra-tsattsauran ri'ayi na Klan wanda ke aiki a Adams County tsakanin 1964 da 1967. SDG ta yi ƙonewa, bama-bamai, da kisan kai a kai. [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) ya ɗauki SDG a matsayin ƙungiyar ta'addanci ta cikin gida mai haɗari sosai, kuma ya gudanar da bincike da yawa game da ayyukanta.<ref name="auto1" /> Rashin da yawa da kisan kai a yankin Natchez, Mississippi, an haɗa su da KKK da SDG. == Binciken FBI == === Bincike na farko (1965) === Binciken farko na FBI ya fara nan da nan bayan konewar; burinsa shine ƙayyade idan an keta dokokin tarayya, musamman ko Morris ya shiga cikin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a ko wasu ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma ko wasu batutuwa suna da alaƙa da kowane ƙungiya mai wariyar launin fata".<ref name="justice.gov1" />FBI ta tattara shaidu a wurin aikata laifuka kuma ta gudanar da tambayoyi tare da masu tilasta bin doka na gida, shugabannin Klan na gida, da shaidu. An yi hira da Morris sau uku; duk da haka, an yi masa magani sosai. Morris ya gaya wa FBI cewa mutanen sun fito ne daga Natchez, Mississippi, suna tsakanin shekaru 30 zuwa 35, kuma "mutum ɗaya matashi ne mai launin toka ɗayan kuma fari ne sosai".[man]<ref name="justice.gov1" /> Masu binciken FBI sun yi imanin cewa Morris ya san wadanda suka kai masa hari, amma bai so ya bayyana sunayensu ba. Binciken farko ya kammala cewa Morris bai shiga cikin kowane aikin wariyar launin fata ba. Cikakken bincike na farko game da kisan Frank Morris ya fara ne a watan Janairun 1965, bisa buƙatar Mataimakin Babban Lauyan Sashen Kare Hakkin Bil'adama, Burke Marshall . <ref name="justice.gov1" /> FBI ta sami bayanai cewa jami'an tilasta bin doka na cikin gida sun shiga. FBI daga baya ta kammala cewa Klan na cikin gida na iya shiga, amma asusun rikice-rikice, babu batutuwa masu yiwuwa, da rashin dalili ya haifar da rufe binciken a watan Mayu shekara ta 1965.&nbsp; === Bincike na biyu (1967) === A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1967, [[Kisan Wharlest Jackson|Wharlest Jackson]], ma'aikaci a kamfanin Armstrong Tire & Rubber Company a Natchez, Mississippi, an kashe shi lokacin da bam ya fashe a ƙarƙashin motar motarsa yayin da yake tuki gida.<ref name="justice.gov">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title=Wharlest Jackson - Notice to Close File |url=https://www.justice.gov/crt/case-document/wharlest-jackson-notice-close-file |website=www.justice.gov}}</ref> Kwanan nan an inganta Jackson zuwa matsayin da ba a taɓa riƙe shi ba. SDG ce ta yi niyya da shi. FBI ta bude cikakken bincike game da kisan da ya yi saboda tasirin haƙƙin jama'a, yayin da Jackson ya kasance mai ba da kuɗi na sashen NAACP na gida. Kamar shari'ar Morris, asusun shaidu ba su tabbatar da hakan ba, kuma a watan Agustan 1968, an rufe binciken.<ref name="justice.gov" /> Bayan fashewar bam din, FBI ta kaddamar da aikin "WHARBOM" <ref name="justice.gov" /> kuma ta sanya masu ba da labari da yawa a cikin kungiyoyin Klan da ke kewaye da Natchez. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan mai ba da labari, wanda aka sani da Orvin C. "Coonie" Poissot, wani Klansman ne daga Texas wanda ke da alaƙa da mataimakin sheriff na gida mai suna Frank Delaughter, wanda Poissot ya haɗa shi a matsayin mai makirci a kisan Frank Morris. Koyaya, an kawar da Poisott a matsayin mai shaidar yiwuwar saboda amfani da [[amphetamine]] da matsalolin da ke bambanta tsakanin ilimin mutum da jita-jita.<ref name="justice.gov1" /> A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 1967, wani mai ba da labari na sirri, wanda ya kasance babban jami'in KKK, ya gaya wa FBI cewa 'yan kwanaki kafin konewar Morris, E. D. Morace ya kusanci mai ba da bayani game da wani Ba'amurke Ba'amurki, wanda ake kira "Tsohon Frank", wanda Morace ya ce "ya kasance mai kwarkwasa da fararen mata".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> &nbsp;Morace ya nemi mambobin Klan daga Mississippi "ba su buge shi". Daga baya a wannan makon, Morace ya kira mai ba da labari yana cewa, "Binciken zomo ya ƙare - manta da shi". Kashegari aka kai hari kan shagon Morris.<ref name="justice.gov1" /> Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan konewar, Morace ya kusanci mai ba da labari wanda ya bayyana cewa idan aka kama shi, Jones, Torgersen, da Scarborough, ya kamata tushen ya fitar da su daga kurkuku. " <ref name="justice.gov1" /> Mai ba da labari, yana tsoron rayuwarsa, bai raba wannan bayanin tare da FBI ba har sai shekaru biyu bayan konewar. Masu ba da labari guda biyu na WHARBOM sun ba da rahoton bayani game da kisan Morris, kuma FBI ta sake buɗe binciken Morris a watan Agustan 1967. <ref name="justice.gov1" /> A farkon shekara ta 1967, E. D. Morace, Tommie Lee Jones, Thor Lee Torgersen, da James Lee Scarborough sune manyan wadanda ake zargi da kisan Frank Morris.<ref name="justice.gov1" /> &nbsp;Dukkanin maza huɗu an yi musu tambayoyi kuma sun musanta duk wani shiga cikin konewa da kisan kai. Lokacin da aka yi hira da Jones a ranar 22 ga Satumba, ya bayyana cewa "idan aka kama shi saboda wannan laifi, jami'ai ma za su kama DeLaughter". &nbsp;Wannan ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga FBI, kamar yadda masu ba da labari da yawa suka bayyana cewa Sashen Sheriff na Concordia Parish yana da masaniya game da harin da ke zuwa a kan Morris, kuma an gaya masa ya "zama a wancan gefen Ikklisiya".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> Scarborough, yayin da yake karkashin bincike game da kisan Jackson da Morris, ya musanta duk wani shiga, yana mai cewa "kowane lokacin da wani abu ya faru da Negro nan da nan ana zargin fararen mutane".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> A ranar 19-20, 1967, majiyoyi biyu sun bayyana wannan taron Nuwamba inda Morace, Jones, Torgersen, da Scarborough suka shiga cikin kisan Morris. Sun kuma bayyana cewa Morace ya bayyana na'urar da ke amfani da batir wanda zai iya "yaduwa lita biyar na man fetur a cikin minti biyar".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> A cewar wadannan masu ba da labari, Morace shine babban mai makirci a kisan Morris; duk da haka, FBI ba ta iya samun wata shaida ta zahiri da ke tabbatar da shaidun su ba. A watan Fabrairun 1968, an rufe binciken na biyu lokacin da FBI ta yanke shawarar cewa babu isasshen shaida don cajin kowane ɗayan waɗanda ake zargi.<ref name="justice.gov1" />&nbsp; === Bincike na uku (2007) === FBI ta sake buɗe binciken Frank Morris a cikin 2007, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Bil'adama ta Cold Case. <ref name="justice.gov1" /> A lokacin wannan binciken, FBI ta sake yin hira da shaidu masu rai waɗanda ke da bayanan farko game da ƙonewar, da kuma "membobin iyali, masu kasuwanci da maƙwabta a kusa da shagon takalma, jami'an tilasta bin doka, membobin al'umma, da tsoffin mambobin KKK".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> A shekara ta 2008, FBI, ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida, ta sanar da jama'a cewa suna ba da lada na $ 10,000 don bayanan da ke haifar da kamawa a cikin shari'ar Morris.<ref name="justice.gov1" /> An gano sabbin batutuwa guda uku, amma masu binciken ba su gano wata hujja ta zahiri da ke goyan bayan zarge-zargen ba. Binciken ya nuna sabbin zarge-zargen cewa jami'an 'yan sanda na cikin gida suna lalata binciken ta hanyar barazanar shaidu. 'Yan sanda na Ferriday, ciki har da "DeLaughter, Bill Ogden, da kuma Shugaban' yan sanda na Feriday Bob Warren", sun umarci wani mai shaida da ba a san shi ba ya "tsare bakinsa", kuma daga baya ya gaya masa ya "fita daga garin".<ref name="justice.gov1" /> Wannan shaidar ta kuma sami barazanar kisa, kuma an harbe gidansa a lokuta da yawa. FBI ta kammala binciken a shekarar 2016 lokacin da masu bincike suka tabbatar da cewa babu isasshen shaida don tuhumar kowane mutum da duk wani laifukan tarayya; Bugu da ƙari, muhimman shaidu, wadanda ake zargi, da masu ba da labari sun mutu.<ref name="justice.gov1" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qvb5nepm4ndouc23qe8igx2qks5tewi 0 176456 966802 953323 2026-10-12T12:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jessica Marie Alba''' (/ˈælbə/ AL-bə; an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1981) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma 'yar kasuwa ta Amurka. Ta tashi zuwa shahararriya tana da shekaru 19 don nuna Max Guevara, jagorancin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Dark Angel (2000-2002), wanda ta sami kyautar Golden Globe. Nasarar fim dinta ta zo ba da daɗewa ba tare da rawar da ta taka a Honey (2003). Alba ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo tana da shekaru 13 a Camp Nowhere, sannan The Secret World of Alex Mack (duka 1994). Ba da daɗewa ba ta kafa kanta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Hollywood, kuma ta fito a cikin ofisoshin akwatuna da yawa a duk lokacin da take aiki, ciki har da Fantastic Four (2005), Fantastic hudu: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Good Luck Chuck (2007), The Eye (2008), Valentine's Day (2010), Little Fockers (2010), da Mechanic: Resurrection (2016). <ref name="theage">{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2007 |title=Look at me |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/look-at-me/2007/06/21/1182019240554.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621165339/http://www.theage.com.au/news/film/look-at-me/2007/06/21/1182019240554.html |archive-date=June 21, 2016 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=The Age}}</ref> Tana aiki tare da darektan Robert Rodriguez, bayan da ta fito a Sin City (2005), ''Machete'' (2010), Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011), Machete Kills (2013), da Sin City: A Dame to Kill For (2014). Daga 2019 zuwa 2020, Alba ta fito a cikin jerin laifuka na Spectrum na LA Finest . A cikin 2011, Alba ta kafa Kamfanin Honest, kamfanin kayan masarufi wanda ke sayar da jariri, na mutum, da kayan gida. Da yake zaune a Los Angeles, kamfanin ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 550 a watan Fabrairun 2022, kuma a halin yanzu (kamar Mayu 2026) yana da kimantawa kusan dala miliyan 380.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Honest Company, Inc. (HNST) Stock Price, News, Quote & History - Yahoo Finance |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HNST/ |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Mujallu da yawa, ciki har da Men's Health, Vanity Fair da ''FHM'', sun haɗa da Alba a cikin jerin sunayen mata mafi kyau a duniya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jessica Marie Alba a Pomona, California, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba Biography |url=https://www.biography.com/actor/jessica-alba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525014621/https://www.biography.com/actor/jessica-alba |archive-date=May 25, 2021 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=[[Biography (TV program)|Biography]]}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1981, ga Catherine Louisa Alba (née Jensen) da Mark David Alba . Mahaifiyarta tana da asalin Danish, Ingilishi, Faransanci, Jamusanci, da Welsh; yayin da mahaifinta na asalin Mexico da Sephardic Yahudawa ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2021 |title=Jessica Alba Is an Actress, Billion Dollar Founder, and So Much More |url=https://hispanicexecutive.com/profiles/20091008371/jessica-alba/ |access-date=May 1, 2026 |website=Hispanic Executive}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Nichola |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Jessica Alba - Biography |url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/20091008371/jessica-alba/ |access-date=May 1, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Ishani |date=September 4, 2024 |title=Who are Jessica Alba's supportive parents, Mark and Catherine? The Sin City actress' folks have been married for 43 years ... and she just surprised her dad by buying his childhood house in California |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertaiment/article/3277115/who-are-jessica-albas-supportive-parents-mark-and-catherine-sin-city-actress-folks-have-been-married |access-date=May 1, 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title='Finding Your Rotts' explores Jewish genealogy |url=https://jewishjournal.com/culture/134378/ |access-date=May 1, 2026}}</ref> Tana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa, Joshua . Ita ce dan uwan na biyu na masu sana'a Steve da Micke Alba . Dan uwanta na uku, da zarar an cire shi, marubuci ne Gustavo Arellano . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2010 |title=Gustavo Arellano Related to Jessica Alba! |url=http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/01/gustavo_related_to_jessica_alb.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229180853/http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/01/gustavo_related_to_jessica_alb.php |archive-date=December 29, 2014 |access-date=August 21, 2015 |website=[[OC Weekly]]}}</ref> Ayyukan [[United States Air Force|Sojojin Sama]] na mahaifinta ya kai iyalin zuwa Biloxi, Mississippi, da Del Rio, Texas, kafin su zauna a Claremont, California, lokacin da take da shekaru tara. Alba ta bayyana iyalinta a matsayin "masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sosai... iyali na gargajiya, Katolika, Latin Amurka", kuma kanta a matsayin mai sassaucin ra'ayi; ta ce ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mata" tun tana 'yar shekara biyar.<ref name="elle-changeling">{{Cite web |last=Bullock |first=Maggie |date=February 4, 2009 |title=The Changeling |url=http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/The-Changeling2/Jessica-Alba2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601141912/http://www.elle.com/Entertainment/Cover-Shoots/The-Changeling2/Jessica-Alba2 |archive-date=June 1, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]}}</ref> Rayuwar Alba ta farko ta kasance alama ce ta cututtukan jiki da yawa. A lokacin yarinya, ta sha wahala daga cutar huhu sau hudu zuwa biyar a shekara kuma tana da wani ɓangare na huhu sau biyu, da kuma fashewar appendix da tonsillar cyst. Ta kuma kamu da [[Cutar Asthma|asma]] tun tana yarinya. Ta kasance a ware daga wasu yara a makaranta saboda an kwantar da ita a asibiti sau da yawa; babu wanda ya san ta sosai don yin abokantaka da ita.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 3, 2005 |title=OK! |journal=[[OK!]] |pages=34–39}}</ref> Ta ce yawan tafiyar iyalinta ya ba da gudummawa ga warewa daga takwarorinta.<ref name="elle-changeling" /> Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Claremont tana da shekaru 16 kuma daga baya ta halarci Kamfanin Wasanni na Atlantic . == Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo == === 1992-1999: Farawa === [[File:Jessica_Alba_Cropped2.png|right|thumb|Alba a cikin 2007]] Alba ta nuna sha'awar yin wasan kwaikwayo tun tana 'yar shekara biyar. A shekara ta 1992, Alba mai shekaru goma sha ɗaya ta shawo kan mahaifiyarta ta kai ta gasar wasan kwaikwayo a Beverly Hills, inda babban kyautar ta kasance karatun wasan kwaikwayo kyauta. Ta lashe babban kyautar kuma ta dauki darussan wasan kwaikwayo na farko. Wani wakili ya sanya mata hannu watanni tara bayan haka.<ref name="peoplealba">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba |url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621154012/http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba |archive-date=June 21, 2016 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Fim dinta na farko ya kasance karamin rawar da ta taka a cikin fim din Camp Nowhere na 1994 a matsayin Gail . Da farko an hayar ta na makonni biyu, amma rawar da ta taka ta zama aiki na watanni biyu lokacin da daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ta fita.<ref name="cbs">{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2005 |title=Jessica Alba Goes To 'Sin City' |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jessica-alba-goes-to-sin-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113163214/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/03/28/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main683508.shtml |archive-date=January 13, 2008 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=[[CBS]]}}</ref> Alba ta bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace na talabijin na kasa guda biyu don Nintendo da J. C. Penney tun tana yarinya. Daga baya aka nuna ta a fina-finai masu zaman kansu da yawa. Ta shiga cikin talabijin a cikin 1994 tare da rawar da ta taka akai-akai a matsayin Jessica a cikin abubuwan da suka faru uku na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Nickelodeon]] The Secret World of Alex Mack . <ref name="peoplebio">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba: Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621154128/http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography |archive-date=June 21, 2016 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]] |publisher=Time Inc}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta taka rawar Maya a cikin lokutan farko biyu na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na 1995 ''Flipper'' . <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="cbs" /> A karkashin kulawar mahaifiyarta mai tsaron rai, Alba ta koyi yin iyo kafin ta iya tafiya, kuma tana da ƙwarewar nutsewa ta PADI wanda aka yi amfani da shi a wasan kwaikwayon, wanda aka yi fim a Ostiraliya. <ref name="peoplebio" /> <ref name="daily">{{Cite web |date=October 16, 2005 |title=Water babe Jess in big screen splash |url=http://iworks.factiva.com/du/iworksarticledisplay.aspx?napc=v&acc=DAISTA0020051018e1ag0008j |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219185343/http://iworks.factiva.com/du/iworksarticledisplay.aspx?napc=v&acc=DAISTA0020051018e1ag0008j |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=Daily Star |format=paid registration required}}</ref> A shekara ta 1998, ta bayyana a matsayin Melissa Hauer a cikin wani labari na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Steven Bochco na aikata laifuka na Brooklyn South, a matsayin Leanne a cikin ɓangarori biyu na ''Beverly Hills, 90210'', kuma a matsayin Layla a cikin wani ɓangare na Love Boat: The Next Wave . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Love Boat: The Next Wave Episodes on UPN |url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/love-boat-the-next-wave-1998/episode-2-season-1/remember/202782 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903182748/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/love-boat-the-next-wave-1998/episode-2-season-1/remember/202782 |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |access-date=August 7, 2013 |publisher=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1999, ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Randy Quaid ''P.U.N.K.S.''. <ref name="cbs" />Bayan da Alba ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo tare da William H. Macy da matarsa, [[Felicity Huffman]], a Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlantic, wanda Macy da Pulitzer suka kirkiro wanda ya lashe kyautar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma darektan fim, David Mamet .<ref name="peoplealba" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Featured alumni |url=https://atlanticactingschool.org/alumni/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610214735/https://atlanticactingschool.org/alumni/ |archive-date=June 10, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=atlanticactingschool.org}}</ref> Alba ta tashi zuwa mafi girma a Hollywood a cikin 1999 bayan ta bayyana a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar makarantar sakandare mai girman kai da ke azabtar da editan kwafin da ba shi da tabbas a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya Never Been Kissed, a gaban Drew Barrymore, kuma a matsayin jagorar mace a cikin fim mai ban tsoro mai ban tsoro Idle Hands, tare da Devon Sawa.<ref name="theage" /> === 2000-2006: Sanarwar Duniya === Babbar hutu ta zo ne lokacin da James Cameron ya zaɓi Alba daga cikin 'yan takara sama da 1000 don rawar da aka yi wa injiniyan injiniya mai suna Max Guevara a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] na Dark Angel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snierson |first=Dan |title=ARTICLE James Cameron's ''Dark Angel'' premieres tonight |url=https://ew.com/article/2000/10/03/james-camerons-dark-angel-premieres-tonight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082746/http://ew.com/article/2000/10/03/james-camerons-dark-angel-premieres-tonight/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 24, 2017 |publisher=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> Jerin ya gudana na yanayi biyu, har zuwa shekara ta 2002, kuma ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci na Alba, gabatarwa ta Golden Globe, Kyautar Zaɓin Matasa don Zaɓin Actress, da Kyautar Saturn don Mafi Kyawun Actress.<ref name="theage" /><ref name="seattletimes">{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Terry |date=December 8, 2003 |title=Look at me |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2001805635_jessicaalba03.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605041855/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2001805635_jessicaalba03.html |archive-date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref> An ambaci rawar da ta taka a matsayin halin mata kuma an dauke ta alama ce ta Ƙarfafa mata. A rubuce-rubuce ga Jami'ar Melbourne, Bronwen Auty ta ɗauki Max " jarumi na mata na zamani - budurwa da aka ba ta ikon amfani da jikinta sosai don cimma burin", inda ta yi nuni da ƙin Max ya yi amfani da bindigogi kuma a maimakon haka ta yi amfani da zane-zane da ilimi a matsayin makamai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Auty |first=Bronwen |title=Dark Angel: Kicking Ass Without A Gun – Justification for Max Guevera as a Modern Feminist Superhero |url=http://www.ahcca.unimelb.edu.au/Superheroes/abstracts-full-A-E.html#auty |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050618113318/http://www.ahcca.unimelb.edu.au/Superheroes/abstracts-full-A-E.html |archive-date=June 18, 2005 |website=[[University of Melbourne]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Max ya kasance a matsayi na # 17 a cikin jerin TV Guide na "25 Mafi Girma Sci-Fi Legends".<ref>{{Cite journal |date=August 1, 2004 |title=25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends |journal=[[TV Guide]]}}</ref> Matsayinta na Dark Angel ya haifar da muhimman ayyuka a fina-finai. Ta sami babban ci gabanta a cikin shekara ta 2003 lokacin da ta fito a matsayin mai rawa-mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo a Honey . Rotten Tomatoes ta mahimman yarjejeniya ita ce: "Jessica Alba mai kyau da lambobin rawa masu ƙarfi suna ba da ɗagawa ga wannan fim din mai laushi da tsari".<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2003 |title=Honey |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/honey/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112605/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/honey |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=August 2, 2016 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Flixster]]}}</ref> An tsara shi a dala miliyan 18, fim din ya sami dala miliyan 6.2.2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honey (2003) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=honey.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005931/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=honey.htm |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018}}</ref> Alba ta biyo baya ta buga dan wasan rawa mai suna Nancy Callahan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dogon rukuni, a cikin fim din aikata laifuka na Neo-noir Sin City (2005), wanda Robert Rodriguez da Frank Miller suka rubuta, suka samar, kuma suka ba da umarni. Ya samo asali ne daga littafin Miller mai suna iri ɗaya.<ref name="PM">{{Cite web |last=J.C. Maçek III |date=August 2, 2012 |title='American Pop'... Matters: Ron Thompson, the Illustrated Man Unsung |url=https://www.popmatters.com/160872-american-pop-matters-ron-thompson-the-illustrated-man-unsung-2495833587.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824143210/http://www.popmatters.com/pm/column/160872-american-pop-matters-ron-thompson-the-illustrated-man-unsung/ |archive-date=August 24, 2013 |access-date=March 29, 2021 |website=PopMatters.com}}</ref> Ba ta taɓa jin labarin littafin ba kafin ta shiga cikin fim ɗin, amma tana da sha'awar yin aiki tare da Rodriguez.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba Interview: Sin City |url=http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/jessica_alba/interview01.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005633/http://www.radiofree.com/profiles/jessica_alba/interview01.shtml |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.radiofree.com}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance mai matukar sha'awa kuma ya tara dala miliyan 158.8. Ta sami lambar yabo ta fim din MTV don Ayyukan Sexiest . <ref name="maxim">{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Maxim Top 100 for 2007 |url=http://www.maximonline.com/Girls/Jessicaalba/slideshow/1126/47.aspx?src=GM7070:MD |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605083030/http://www.maximonline.com/Girls/Jessicaalba/slideshow/1126/47.aspx?src=GM7070%3AMD |archive-date=June 5, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]}}</ref><ref name="askmenprofile">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba |url=http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_60/61_jessica_alba.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080901002329/http://uk.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_60/61_jessica_alba.html |archive-date=September 1, 2008 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |website=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref> [[File:Jessica-Alba-The-Eye.JPG|left|thumb|Alba a lokacin nunawa don The Eye (2008) ]] Alba ta nuna halin Marvel Comics Invisible Woman a cikin Fantastic Four (kuma 2005), tare da Ioan Gruffudd, [[Chris Evans]], Michael Chiklis, da [[Julian McMahon]] . ''The Guardian'', a cikin bita ga fim din, ya lura: "Masu mata da wadanda ba mata ba dole ne su shawo kan rikice-rikice na Fantastic Four: bayan an shigar da su cikin labarin saboda kyakkyawa, ikon [Alba] ya zama marar ganuwa". Fim din ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci duk da bita mara kyau, ya tara dala miliyan 333.5 a duk duniya. A 2006 MTV Movie Awards, Alba ta sami gabatarwa don Kyautattun Jarumi da Kyautattun Kwararrun. Fim dinta na karshe na shekara ta 2005 shi ne mai ban tsoro Into the Blue, inda ta nuna, a gaban [[Paul Walker]], rabin ma'aurata da suka sami kansu cikin matsala tare da mai kula da miyagun ƙwayoyi bayan sun sami kaya na haramtacciyar jirgin sama. Fim din ya ga matsakaicin dawowar ofishin jakadancin, tare da dala miliyan 44.4 a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Into the Blue (2005) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=intotheblue.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005644/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=intotheblue.htm |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ta dauki bakuncin 2006 MTV Movie Awards kuma ta yi zane-zane da ke lalata fina-finai King Kong, Mission: Impossible III da The ''Da Vinci Code'' . <ref name="mtvmovie">{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2006 |title=2006 MTV Movie Awards |url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/archive/year.jhtml?year=2006#summary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107045111/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/movieawards/2007/#summary |archive-date=January 7, 2012 |access-date=April 24, 2008 |publisher=MTV}}</ref> === 2007-2010: Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya === Alba ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a cikin ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'', wanda aka saki a watan Yunin 2007. A cewar Alba, jagorancin Tim Story a lokacin wani yanayi na motsin rai kusan ya sa ta daina yin wasan kwaikwayo. "[Ya gaya mini] 'Yana da gaske sosai. Yana da zafi sosai. Za ku iya zama mafi kyau lokacin da kuka yi kuka? Kyakkyawan kuka, Jessica.' Ya kasance kamar, 'Kada ku yi wannan abu da fuskarka. Kawai mu sanya shi kwance. Za mu iya CGI hawaye a ciki. "A cewar Alba, wannan gogewa ta cika ta da shakku game da kai: "Sa'an nan kuma duk abin da ya sa na yi tunani: Shin ba ni da kyau? Shin dabi'ata da motsin zuciyarta ba su da kyau? Mutane sun ƙi su sosai har ba sa son in zama mutum? Ba a yarda ni zama mutum a cikin aikina? Don haka kawai na ce, 'Fuck it. Ba na kula da wannan kasuwancin kuma". <ref name="2010-11-23 Vulture">{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Kyle |date=November 23, 2010 |title=Don't Ever Ask Jessica Alba to 'Cry Pretty' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2010/11/dont_ever_ask_jessica_alba_to.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822022831/https://www.vulture.com/2010/11/dont_ever_ask_jessica_alba_to.html |archive-date=2021-08-22 |access-date=August 22, 2021 |website=[[Vulture.com|Vulture]]}}</ref> Fim din ya tara dala miliyan 290 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasticfour2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006100952/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fantasticfour2.htm |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> A cikin Good Luck Chuck (kuma 2007), Alba ta nuna sha'awar soyayya na likitan hakora. Ta yi hoton daya daga cikin hotuna na wasan kwaikwayo na Good Luck Chuck wanda ke nuna sanannen murfin Rolling Stone wanda Annie Leibovitz ta ɗauka tare da [[John Lennon]] da Yoko Ono a cikin irin wannan matsayi. Duk da yake masu sukar sun yi watsi da fim din sosai, ya kai kusan dala miliyan 60 a lokacin da aka saki shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Good Luck Chuck Box Office Data |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2007/GLUCH.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920220132/http://the-numbers.com/movies/2007/GLUCH.php |archive-date=September 20, 2011 |access-date=October 8, 2011 |website=The Numbers |publisher=Nash Information Services}}</ref> Motarta ta uku a cikin shekara ta 2007 ita ce mai ban tsoro na tunani Awake, wanda ke nuna budurwa ta wani mutum mai arziki wanda ke gab da samun bugun zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba & Hayden Christensen (Awake) Interview 2007 |url=https://www.tribute.ca/interviews/jessica-alba-hayden-christensen-awake/star/27431/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082854/https://www.tribute.ca/interviews/jessica-alba-hayden-christensen-awake/star/27431/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 24, 2017 |publisher=Tribute.cu}}</ref> Bincike ya kasance mai dumi, amma [[Roger Ebert]] ya yaba da aikinta, kuma ya ba da kasafin kuɗi a kusan dala miliyan 8, fim din ya sami dala miliyan 32.7. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |title=Awake Movie Review & Film Summary (2007) - Roger Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/awake-2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401080006/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/awake-2007 |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.rogerebert.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Awake (2007) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=awake.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005933/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=awake.htm |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2008, ta dauki bakuncin Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Kimiyya da Fasaha. Alba ta yi canjin wasan kwaikwayo zuwa nau'in tsoro a cikin fim din The Eye, wani remake na asalin Hong Kong, inda ta sami rawar da ta yi a cikin violin gargajiya wanda ke karɓar ido wanda ke ba ta damar gani cikin duniyar allahntaka. Kodayake masu sukar ba su karɓi fim ɗin da kyau ba, aikinta da kansa ya sami ra'ayoyi masu rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=The Eye |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008606-eye/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201025954/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/10008606-eye/ |archive-date=February 1, 2008 |access-date=February 2, 2008 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> Ta sami Zaɓin Matasa don Zaɓin Fim ɗin Actress: Horror-Thriller da kuma Razzie Award ga Mafi Girma Actress (wanda aka raba tare da The Love Guru). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |title=Announcing the Winners: The 2008 Teen Choice Awards |url=https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/2008-Teen-Choice-Awards-Winners-1840099 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729063207/https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/2008-Teen-Choice-Awards-Winners-1840099 |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=POPSUGAR Entertainment |publisher=Pop Sugar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Monica |title=Cameron Diaz, Jessica Alba and Eva Mendes Nominated for Razzie Awards |url=http://www.latina.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-diaz-jessica-alba-and-eva-mendes-nominated-razzie-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082925/http://www.latina.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-diaz-jessica-alba-and-eva-mendes-nominated-razzie-awards |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=November 14, 2017}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, ta kuma taka rawar mai siyarwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kansa Meet Bill, tare da Logan Lerman da Elizabeth Banks, kuma ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayon The Love Guru, a matsayin mace da ta gaji ƙungiyar hockey ta Toronto Maple Leafs, a gaban Mike Myers da [[Justin Timberlake]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rich |first=Joshua |title=Mike Myers, Jessica Alba introduce 'The Love Guru' at ShoWest |url=https://ew.com/article/2008/03/12/love-guru-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082750/http://ew.com/article/2008/03/12/love-guru-3/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref> Mick LaSalle, na San Francisco Chronicle, yana mai lura da cewa ta kasance "mai daraja" a cikin fim ɗin, ta ji cewa "a ƙarshe tana da kwanciyar hankali a kan kyamara".<ref>{{Cite web |last=LaSalle |first=Mick |date=June 20, 2008 |title=Movie review: Mike Myers as 'The Love Guru' |url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Movie-review-Mike-Myers-as-The-Love-Guru-3280049.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005659/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Movie-review-Mike-Myers-as-The-Love-Guru-3280049.php |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=SFGate}}</ref> The Love Guru ya kasance mai mahimmanci da cinikayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Weekend Cinema Box Office Chart 1st August 2008 - 25thframe |url=https://www.25thframe.co.uk/charts/chart.php?chart=20080801 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113332/https://www.25thframe.co.uk/charts/chart.php?chart=20080801 |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.25thframe.co.uk}}</ref> [[File:Jessica_Alba_2010.jpg|thumb|Alba a cikin 2010]] Duk da yake Alba ba ta da wani fim a cikin shekara ta 2009, fina-finai biyar da aka fitar a cikin shekara a cikin shekara na 2010 sun nuna ta a cikin manyan matsayi. Matsayinta na farko a cikin shekara shine na karuwa a cikin The Killer Inside Me, karbuwa da littafin mai suna, a gaban [[Kate Hudson]] da Casey Affleck, wanda aka fara a bikin fina-finai na Sundance don amsawa daga masu sukar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 17, 2008 |title='Killer Inside Me' Finds New Director and Cast |url=https://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/14372 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210153218/http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/14372 |archive-date=February 10, 2009 |access-date=June 26, 2009 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Killer Inside Me |url=http://www.themovieinsider.com/m4128/the-killer-inside-me/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717102654/http://www.themovieinsider.com/m4128/the-killer-inside-me |archive-date=July 17, 2009 |access-date=June 26, 2009 |website=The Movie Insider |publisher=The Movie Insider LLC}}</ref> Fim dinta na gaba shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na ''Ranar soyayya'', inda ta taka rawar budurwa ta mai sayar da furanni a matsayin wani ɓangare na dogon rukuni wanda ya kunshi Jessica Biel, [[Bradley Cooper]], Taylor Lautner da [[Julia Roberts]], da sauransu. Duk da bita mara kyau, fim din ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci, tare da jimlar dala miliyan 216.5 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Valentine's Day (2010) |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=valentinesday.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120175142/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=valentinesday.htm |archive-date=January 20, 2013 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]}}</ref> A cikin fim din ''Machete'', Alba ta sake haɗuwa da darektan Robert Rodriguez, ta ɗauki matsayin jami'in shige da fice da ya rabu tsakanin aiwatar da doka da yin abin da ya shahara a idanun iyalinta. ''Machete'' ya sami sama da dala miliyan 44 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Machete (2010) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=machete.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005935/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=machete.htm |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo An Invisible Sign of My Own, wanda Alba ta yi fim a ƙarshen 2008, an fara shi a bikin fina-finai na Hamptons . A ciki, ta nuna wata budurwa mai raɗaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2010 |title=HIFF 2010 Program Announced |url=http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/2010/09/2010hiffprogra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924211810/http://hamptonsfilmfest.org/2010/09/2010hiffprogra/ |archive-date=September 24, 2010 |access-date=May 28, 2012 |publisher=hamptonsfilmfest.org}}</ref> Fim dinta na karshe na 2010 shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na Little Fockers, inda ta taka rawar wakilin miyagun ƙwayoyi, tare da [[Robert De Niro]], wanda shi ma yana cikin ''Machete''. Duk da bita mara kyau daga masu sukar, fim din ya tara sama da dala miliyan 310 a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Fockers (2010) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meetthefockerssequel.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016173318/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meetthefockerssequel.htm |archive-date=October 16, 2011 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Ga dukkan rawar da ta taka a shekarar 2010, ta sami lambar yabo ta Razzie don Mafi Girma Mai Taimako.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2011 |title='Sex And The City 2' Ladies Named Worst Actresses Of The Year! |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/golden-raspberry-awards-2010_n_828706 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505034357/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/golden-raspberry-awards-2010_n_828706 |archive-date=May 5, 2019 |access-date=May 5, 2019 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> === 2011-yanzu: aiki da samar da kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu === A shekara ta 2011, Alba ta yi aiki a karo na uku tare da Robert Rodriguez a fim din Spy Kids: All the Time in the World, inda ta nuna ɗan leƙen asiri da ya yi ritaya wanda aka kira zuwa aiki. Don haɗuwa da sabbin 'ya'yanta, ta gayyace su tare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=August 15, 2011 |title=Jessica Alba Interview SPY KIDS: ALL THE TIME IN THE WORLD |url=https://collider.com/jessica-alba-spy-kids-4-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217134201/https://collider.com/jessica-alba-spy-kids-4-interview/ |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |publisher=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> Fim din ya ragu a ofishin akwatin idan aka kwatanta da fina-finai da suka gabata a cikin ikon mallakar, amma har yanzu yana da matsakaiciyar nasara, yana ɗaukar dala miliyan 85 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spy Kids: All the Time in the World (2011) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spykids4.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921191220/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spykids4.htm |archive-date=September 21, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> Alba ta gaba ta bayyana tare da Adam Scott, Richard Jenkins, [[Jane Lynch]], Mary Elizabeth Winstead, da Catherine O'Hara a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''A.C.O.D.'' (2013), suna nuna abin da ''Washington Post'' ta bayyana a matsayin "ɗan saki", wanda halin Scott "kusan yaudari" budurwarta. Mai sukar ''ScreenRant'' Ben Kendrick ya rubuta: "[Winstead] da [Alba] suma sun ba da gudummawarsu - kodayake duka halayensu an tsara su ne don zama madubai ga Carter don bincika rayuwarsa da zaɓin. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben Kendrick |date=October 18, 2013 |title=A.C.O.D. Review |url=https://screenrant.com/acod-movie-reviews-2013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008173915/https://screenrant.com/acod-movie-reviews-2013/ |archive-date=October 8, 2020 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |website=Screen Rant}}</ref>''A.C.O.D.'' ta sami iyakantaccen wasan kwaikwayo a Arewacin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A.C.O.D. (2013) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=acod.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626221928/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=acod.htm |archive-date=June 26, 2019 |access-date=April 16, 2020 |website=boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Alba ta kuma fara yin muryarta a cikin fim din mai cin nasara mai suna Escape from Planet Earth . <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2, 2011 |title=Sarah Jessica Parker, Jessica Alba Join 'Escape from Planet Earth' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/sarah-jessica-parker-jessica-alba-218117 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201123020/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/sarah-jessica-parker-jessica-alba-218117 |archive-date=December 1, 2011 |access-date=May 28, 2012 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Alba ta sake aiki tare da darektan Rodriguez don jerin fina-finai guda biyu. Ta sake taka rawar da ta taka a matsayin Jami'in Shige da Fice, a cikin wani bayyanar da ba a san shi ba, a cikin Machete Kills (2013), wanda ya fadi tare da masu sukar da masu sauraro, <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2012 |title='Machete Kills' Casting News |url=http://www.planetfury.com/content/machete-kills-casting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022090507/http://www.planetfury.com/content/machete-kills-casting |archive-date=October 22, 2012 |access-date=May 28, 2012 |publisher=Planet Fury}}</ref> da kuma rawar da ta fi girma na mai tsalle Nancy Callahan, tana neman rama marigayi mai kare ta, a cikin Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, wanda aka saki a watan Agusta 2014, a kan 2D da 3D <ref name="PressRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Matt |date=May 17, 2012 |title=Release Date Announced for SIN CITY: A DAME TO KILL FOR; Jessica Alba to Return; Film Will Be in 3D |url=https://collider.com/sin-city-2-release-date-jessica-alba/166990 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520030603/http://collider.com/sin-city-2-release-date-jessica-alba/166990 |archive-date=May 20, 2012 |access-date=May 17, 2012 |publisher=Collider.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2013 |title=Theatrical Movie Schedule Additions and Changes |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/schedule/?view=changes&p=.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217132401/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/calendar/changes/ |archive-date=December 17, 2021 |access-date=September 2, 2013 |publisher=Boxofficemojo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sin City 2: A Dame to Kill For |url=http://sincity-2.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227202319/http://sincity-2.com/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |access-date=February 18, 2014 |publisher=Weinstein Company}}</ref> Ba kamar fim na farko ba, A Dame to Kill For ya kasance gazawar kasuwanci, ya tara dala miliyan 39 a kan kasafin kudin samar da dala miliyan 65, kuma ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar fim. ''Bambancin'' ya ji cewa "ƙoƙarin marigayi ne, mai laushi don juya halin Alba daga wani adadi da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa wanda aka ba da iko".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=Justin |date=August 20, 2014 |title=Film Review: 'Frank Miller's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For' |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/film-review-sin-city-a-dame-to-kill-for-1201286847/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821210547/http://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/film-review-sin-city-a-dame-to-kill-for-1201286847/ |archive-date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2018}}</ref> Daga bisani ta ɗauki matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na cabaret a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Dear Eleanor (2014), budurwa mai wasan kwaikwayo ta farfesa mai cin nasara da girmamawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon soyayya Some Kind of Beautiful (2014), mai karɓar bakuncin a kamfanin limo a cikin wasan Stretch (kuma 2014), mai fataucin makamai mai rauni a cikin wasan wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka Barely Lethal (2015), da kuma na mai yin fim din fim mai ban tsoro The Veil (2016); duk fina-finai an fitar da su ne don iyakantaccen wasan kwaikwayo da VOD <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 7, 2016 |title=Boulder County gets its close-up with 'Dear Eleanor' debut |url=http://www.dailycamera.com/ci_29863052/boulder-county-gets-its-close-up-dear-eleanor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230916002114/https://www.dailycamera.com/2016/05/07/boulder-county-gets-its-close-up-with-dear-eleanor-debut/ |archive-date=September 16, 2023 |access-date=May 5, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lincoln |first=Ross A. |date=July 17, 2015 |title='Some Kind Of Beautiful' Trailer – Pierce Brosnan's Charming Mid Life Crisis |url=https://deadline.com/2015/07/some-kind-of-beautiful-pierce-brosnan-romantic-comedy-1201479783/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106001117/https://deadline.com/2015/07/some-kind-of-beautiful-pierce-brosnan-romantic-comedy-1201479783/ |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Calautti |first=Katie |title=This 'Stretch' Trailer Is Headed To Crazy Town, And Patrick Wilson Is Driving |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1945906/stretch-trailer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203850/http://www.mtv.com/news/1945906/stretch-trailer/ |archive-date=November 11, 2020 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=MTV News}}</ref> A cikin fim din Mechanic: Resurrection (2016), tare da [[Jason Statham]], Alba ta taka rawar budurwa ta wani mai kisan gilla da ya yi ritaya. Ta yi Krav Maga don samun tsari don fim din, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba Reveals How She Stayed in Shape for 'Mechanic: Resurrection,' and Her Guilty Food Pleasures - ExtraTV.com |url=http://extratv.com/2016/08/22/jessica-alba-reveals-how-she-stayed-in-shape-for-mechanic-resurrection-and-her-guilty-food-pleasures/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126051002/http://extratv.com/2016/08/22/jessica-alba-reveals-how-she-stayed-in-shape-for-mechanic-resurrection-and-her-guilty-food-pleasures/ |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=Extra}}</ref> kuma an jawo ta ga ƙarfin halinta da aka nuna, tana mai cewa: "Ina tsammanin waɗannan nau'ikan fina-finai ba sau da yawa za ku ga mata masu jagorancin soyayya. Ina nufin, yawanci mutumin ne ke ceton ta, don haka yana da kyau cewa na zo teburin tare da tsananin gaske, da kuma ainihin zuciya". <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2016 |title=Jessica Alba Talks Mechanic: Resurrection Role & Jason Statham |url=https://screenrant.com/mechanic-resurrection-interview-jessica-alba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005716/https://screenrant.com/mechanic-resurrection-interview-jessica-alba/ |archive-date=November 26, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=ScreenRant}}</ref> Fim din ya samu dala miliyan 125.7 a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mechanic: Resurrection (2016) - Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mechanic2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125042950/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mechanic2.htm |archive-date=November 25, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2018 |website=www.boxofficemojo.com}}</ref> A cikin 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa Alba za ta fito da kuma samar da sabon jerin shirye-shirye don Disney+ da ake kira Parenting Without Borders (sunan aiki), wanda zai mai da hankali kan iyalai a duniya da kuma imanin su da al'adunsu, ba a sake shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=2020-03-04 |title=Jessica Alba To Star In 'Parenting Without Borders' Docu Series For Disney+ |url=https://deadline.com/2020/03/jessica-alba-star-ep-parenting-without-borders-docu-series-disney-plus-1202873877/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407091421/https://deadline.com/2020/03/jessica-alba-star-ep-parenting-without-borders-docu-series-disney-plus-1202873877/ |archive-date=April 7, 2020 |access-date=2021-01-14 |website=Deadline}}</ref> == Sauran kokarin == === Kamfanin Mai Gaskiya === A watan Janairun 2012, Alba da abokin kasuwanci Christopher Gavigan sun ƙaddamar da Kamfanin Honest, suna sayar da tarin kayan gida, diapers, da samfuran kula da jiki.<ref name="People">{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Jessica Alba Launches The Honest Company |url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2012/01/19/jessica-alba-launches-the-honest-company/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321125950/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2012/01/19/jessica-alba-launches-the-honest-company/ |archive-date=March 21, 2012 |access-date=March 20, 2012 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Kamfanin ya ci nasara, kuma an kimanta shi da dala biliyan 1 tun daga shekarar 2014. A farkon shekara ta 2013, Alba ta fitar da littafinta, The Honest Life, bisa ga abubuwan da ta samu ta haifar da rayuwa ta halitta, ba mai guba ga iyalinta ba. Littafin ya zama ''New York Times'' Best Seller . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2013 |title=Jessica Alba's First Book 'The Honest Life' Becomes New York Times Best Seller |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/jessica-albas-first-book-nytimes-bestseller_n_3015243.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410223121/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/jessica-albas-first-book-nytimes-bestseller_n_3015243.html |archive-date=April 10, 2013 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2012 |title=Jessica Alba to Release Her First Book |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20579896,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320025318/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20579896,00.html |archive-date=March 20, 2012 |access-date=March 20, 2012 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2015, Alba ta ƙaddamar da tarin kayan kula da fata da kayan ado da ake kira Honest Beauty .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Alene |date=October 27, 2015 |title=Actress-mogul Jessica Alba expands her Honest Company empire to include skin care and beauty products |url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ar-jessica-alba-launches-honest-beauty-20151026-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401080314/https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ar-jessica-alba-launches-honest-beauty-20151026-story.html |archive-date=April 1, 2022 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Apatoff |first=Alex |title=Jessica Alba Launches Line of Beauty Products for The Honest Company |url=http://people.com/style/jessica-alba-launches-line-of-beauty-products-for-the-honest-company/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015340/http://people.com/style/jessica-alba-launches-line-of-beauty-products-for-the-honest-company/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=People}}</ref> Ya zuwa Afrilu 2022, Alba ta mallaki kashi 6.5 cikin 100 na kamfanin. An yi mata aiki a matsayin babban jami'in kirkirar kamfanin, tana karɓar albashi na shekara-shekara na $ 700,000 da ƙuntataccen hannun jari mai daraja a $ 1,500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honest Company, April 14, 2022 - DEF 14A: Other definitive proxy statements |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1530979/000153097922000037/honest-2022agmproxystateme.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612154221/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1530979/000153097922000037/honest-2022agmproxystateme.htm |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |access-date=June 12, 2022}}</ref> Alba ya sauka a matsayin babban jami'in kirkirar a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zee |first=Michaela |date=2024-04-10 |title=Jessica Alba Steps Down as The Honest Company's Chief Creative Officer |url=https://variety.com/2024/biz/news/jessica-alba-steps-down-the-honest-company-1235965784/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410005434/https://variety.com/2024/biz/news/jessica-alba-steps-down-the-honest-company-1235965784/ |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=Variety}}</ref> === Ayyukan sadaka da gwagwarmaya === Alba ta tsaya don kamfen ɗin talla na bugawa mai taken Bautar da Declare Yourself, kamfen ɗin da ke ƙarfafa rajistar masu jefa kuri'a tsakanin matasa don zaben shugaban Amurka na 2008. Tallace-tallace, wanda Mark Liddell ya ɗauka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Malkin |first=Marc |date=September 20, 2008 |title=Jessica Alba's kinky photo shoot |url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b28294_jessica_albas_kinky_photo_shoot.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115063320/http://www.eonline.com/news/28294/jessica-alba-s-kinky-photo-shoot |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=December 28, 2008}}</ref> sun nuna Alba an lulluɓe shi kuma an rufe shi da baƙar fata, kuma ya jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa. Alba ta ce game da yin tallace-tallace cewa "bai tsoratar da ni kwata-kwata ba".Alba ta kuma ce, "Ina tsammanin yana da mahimmanci ga matasa su san bukatar da muke da ita a wannan ƙasa don sa su zama masu aiki a siyasa...Mutane suna amsawa ga abubuwa masu ban tsoro".<ref name="people2">{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2008 |title=Jessica Alba's 'Shocking' Ad for Declare Yourself |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20224589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103011827/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20224589,00.html |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=December 28, 2008 |website=People}}</ref> Alba ta amince kuma ta goyi bayan dan takarar shugaban kasa na Democrat [[Barack Obama]] a lokacin kakar firamare ta 2008. <ref name="topnews">{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2008 |title=Jessica Alba, Ryan Phillippe support Obama in new will.i.am video |url=http://www.topnews.in/light/jessica-alba,-ryan-phillippe-support-obama-new-will.i.am-video-27376 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122052638/http://www.topnews.in/light/jessica-alba,-ryan-phillippe-support-obama-new-will.i.am-video-27376 |archive-date=November 22, 2012 |access-date=April 25, 2008 |website=Top News Light Reading}}</ref> Ta kuma goyi bayan yakin neman zaben [[Hillary Clinton]] na shugaban kasa. [[File:Jessica_Alba_@_Declare_Yourself_Inauguration_Ball_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Alba a cikin 2009]] A watan Yunin 2009, yayin da take yin fim din The Killer Inside Me a Birnin Oklahoma, Alba ta shiga cikin gardama tare da mazauna lokacin da ta rataye hotunan sharks a kusa da garin. Alba ta ce tana ƙoƙarin jawo hankali ga raguwar yawan manyan fararen sharks. Kafofin yada labarai sun yi hasashen cewa za a bi Alba kuma a tuhume shi da lalata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma City Police Probe Alba Link to Vandalism |url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2266701_Oklahoma_City_police_probe_Alba_link_to_vandalism |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613012452/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2266701_Oklahoma_City_police_probe_Alba_link_to_vandalism |archive-date=June 13, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=The Insider}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2009, 'yan sanda na Oklahoma City sun ce ba za su bi zargin aikata laifuka a kan Alba ba, saboda babu wani daga cikin masu mallakar da ke son bi shi.<ref name="vandalism">{{Cite web |last=Meadows |first=Bob |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Jessica Alba Won't Face Vandalism Charges for Her Shark Crusade |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20285362,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120210109/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20285362,00.html |archive-date=November 20, 2012 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2009 |title=Jessica Alba Apologizes for Ill Advised Decision |url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2265200_Jessica_Alba_Apologizes_for_Ill_Advised_Decision |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614081320/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2265200_Jessica_Alba_Apologizes_for_Ill_Advised_Decision |archive-date=June 14, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=The Insider}}</ref> Alba ta nemi gafara a cikin wata sanarwa ga mujallar People kuma ta ce ta yi nadamar ayyukanta.<ref name="vandalism" /> Daga baya ta ba da gudummawar kuɗi da ba a bayyana ba (sama da US $ 500) ga United Way, wanda ta rufe allon talla da ɗaya daga cikin hotunan shark. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2009 |title=Jessica Alba Donates After Controversy |url=http://www.theinsider.com/news/2290507_Jessica_Alba_Donates_After_Shark_Controversy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622081541/http://www.theinsider.com/news/2290507_Jessica_Alba_Donates_After_Shark_Controversy |archive-date=June 22, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=The Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 2009 |title=Jessica Alba Sends Checks United Way |url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b130063_jessica_alba_sends_check_uniteds_way.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629202615/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b130063_jessica_alba_sends_check_uniteds_way.html |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=E Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2009 |title=Jessica Alba Donates To United Way Of Central Oklahoma |url=http://blog.newsok.com/bamsblog/2009/06/20/jessica-alba-donates-to-united-way-of-central-oklahoma/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703072429/http://blog.newsok.com/bamsblog/2009/06/20/jessica-alba-donates-to-united-way-of-central-oklahoma/ |archive-date=July 3, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=NewsOk.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2009 |title=Alba Makes Donation After Shark Incident |url=http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/06/19/Alba-makes-donation-after-shark-incident/UPI-48391245440824/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622030012/http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2009/06/19/Alba-makes-donation-after-shark-incident/UPI-48391245440824/ |archive-date=June 22, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2009 |website=Entertainment News}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2011, Alba ta shiga cikin yunkurin lobbying na kwana biyu a Washington, DC don tallafawa Dokar Tsaro ta Chemicals, sake fasalin Dokar Kula da Magunguna ta 1976 . Alba ta koma Capitol Hill a shekarar 2015 ga 'yan majalisa yayin da suka sake yin muhawara game da maye gurbin Dokar Kula da Abubuwa ta 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Devaney |first=Tim |date=June 18, 2015 |title=Jessica Alba lobbies Congress for stronger chemical protections |url=https://thehill.com/regulation/energy-environment/245437-jessica-alba-lobbying-congress-for-stronger-chemical/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115083132/http://thehill.com/regulation/energy-environment/245437-jessica-alba-lobbying-congress-for-stronger-chemical |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=The Hill}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance mai goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi kuma a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2013, ta nuna farin cikinta da shawarar [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yanke na kashe [[Dokar Tsaron Aure|DOMA]] a shafinta na Twitter. Ta wallafa "#daidaita #ƙauna".<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |title=39 celebs who are super psyched about marriage equality |url=http://www.glamour.com/weddings/blogs/save-the-date/2013/06/39-more-celebs-who-are-super-p.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701075724/http://www.glamour.com/weddings/blogs/save-the-date/2013/06/39-more-celebs-who-are-super-p.html |archive-date=July 1, 2013 |access-date=June 27, 2013 |publisher=Glamour}}</ref> Ayyukan agaji na Alba sun haɗa da shiga tare da Clothes Off Our Back, Habitat for Humanity, Cibiyar Kasa don Yara da suka ɓace da An yi amfani da su, Project HOME, RADD, Revlon Run / Walk for Women, SOS Children's Villages, Soles4Souls, Step Up da Baby2Baby . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassadors |url=http://baby2baby.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029114726/http://baby2baby.org/ |archive-date=October 29, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Baby2Baby}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba's Charity Work |url=http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/95-jessica-alba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123142300/http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/jessica-alba |archive-date=January 23, 2013 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=Celebrity Charity}}</ref> Alba jakada ce ga ƙungiyar 1Goal don samar da ilimi ga yara a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2010 |title=Jessica Alba on Motherhood, Turning 30, and Her Sex Symbol Status |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news/alba-gets-sporty-in-south-africa_1135987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205132113/http://www.contactmusic.com/news/alba-gets-sporty-in-south-africa_1135987 |archive-date=February 5, 2013 |access-date=April 14, 2012}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jakadan Baby2Baby "mala'ika", tana ba da gudummawa da taimakawa wajen rarraba abubuwa kamar diapers da tufafi ga iyalai a Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pener |first=Degen |date=August 10, 2017 |title=How Jessica Alba, Kate Hudson and More Stars Are Helping L.A. Moms |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-jessica-alba-kate-hudson-more-stars-are-helping-la-moms-1027551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025084749/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/how-jessica-alba-kate-hudson-more-stars-are-helping-la-moms-1027551 |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Alba da Kamfanin Honest sun dauki nauyin dakin gwaje-gwaje a asibitin Mount Sinai a Birnin New York. An sanar da dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zama ɗaki na musamman wanda aka tsara don hana ƙura da barbashi, inda ƙungiyar masu ilimin cututtukan cututtuka za su bincika alaƙar tsakanin sunadarai na gida da autism.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clare |first=O'Connor |title=Jessica Alba's Honest Co. Funding Research On Chemical Link To Autism |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/06/02/jessica-albas-honest-co-funding-research-on-chemical-link-to-autism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115020638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2015/06/02/jessica-albas-honest-co-funding-research-on-chemical-link-to-autism/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == [[File:Jessica_Alba_at_Fantastic_Four-_Rise_London_Premiere_5.jpg|alt=Smiling young woman with wavy hair pulled up in a loose bun, wearing a gold low-cut dress and accompanied by a man. She is signing autographs.|thumb|Alba a cikin 2007 a farkon London na ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'']] Alba ta sami kulawa saboda kamaninta a tsawon shekaru kuma an haɗa ta cikin jerin wallafe-wallafen da yawa na shahararrun shahararrun mutane na lokacin. An haɗa ta a cikin jerin Hot 100 na mujallar ''Maxim'' sau da yawa daga 2001 zuwa 2014.<ref name="maxim" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2009 |title=2009 Hot 100 |url=http://www.maxim.com/Girls/34JessicaAlba/slideshow/24847/2463.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110153355/http://www.maxim.com/Girls/34JessicaAlba/slideshow/24847/2463.aspx |archive-date=January 10, 2009 |access-date=June 25, 2009 |website=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Maxim 2014 Hot 100 |url=http://www.maxim.com/hot100/2014 |url-status=dead |journal=Maxim |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023231017/http://www.maxim.com/hot100/2014 |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2005 |title=2005 Hot 100 List |url=https://www.maxim.com/women/2005-hot-100-post |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308015516/https://www.maxim.com/women/2005-hot-100-post |archive-date=March 8, 2021 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Maxim}}</ref> A kan wannan ta ce, "Dole ne in je wasu matakan yin amfani da jima'i don amfanin ni, yayin da nake jagorantar mutane suyi tunanin yadda nake so su".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba Biography |url=http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography/0,,20005720_10,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310031506/http://www.people.com/people/jessica_alba/biography/0%2C%2C20005720_0%2C00.html |archive-date=March 10, 2008 |access-date=June 25, 2009 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref>A shekara ta 2002, an zabe ta a matsayin ta biyar mafi kyawun mata a cikin zaben Hollywood.com.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2002 |title=Hollywood's Sexiest Stars 2002 Poll Results |url=http://www.hollywood.com/general/hollywoods-sexiest-stars-2002-poll-results-57163442/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115083130/http://www.hollywood.com/general/hollywoods-sexiest-stars-2002-poll-results-57163442/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Hollywood.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an lasafta ta daya daga cikin ''Mutane'' 50 mafi kyau na People Magazine, kuma ta bayyana a cikin jerin 100 mafi kyau na mujallar a shekara ta 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PEOPLE's 50 Most Beautiful People |url=http://people.com/tbd/peoples-50-most-beautiful-people/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082804/http://people.com/tbd/peoples-50-most-beautiful-people/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barrymore tops People '100 Most Beautiful' list |url=http://www.today.com/id/18316269/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/barrymore-tops-people-most-beautiful-list/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015330/http://www.today.com/id/18316269/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/barrymore-tops-people-most-beautiful-list/ |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Today.com}}</ref> An kuma ambaci sunanta a cikin jerin mata masu lalata na FHM.<ref name="FHM">{{Cite web |title=The 100 Sexiest Women In The World, 2016 |url=http://www.fhm.com/posts/the-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2016-122032/photos/jessica-alba-fhm-sexiest-2016-221948 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308162306/http://www.fhm.com/posts/the-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-2016-122032/photos/jessica-alba-fhm-sexiest-2016-221948 |archive-date=March 8, 2018 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=FHM}}</ref> An ambaci Alba a cikin Mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwA2s">Playboy</i></nowiki> ta "25 Sexiest Celebrities" a cikin 2006, kuma ta bayyana a kan murfinta a wannan shekarar. Ta shiga cikin shari'a da ''Playboy'' saboda amfani da hotonta a wannan murfin (daga harbi na gabatarwa don Into the Blue) ba tare da yardar ta ba, wanda ta yi jayayya ya ba da ra'ayi cewa an nuna ta a cikin fitowar a cikin "nude pictorial". Daga baya ta watsar da karar bayan ta sami gafara daga mai gidan ''Playboy'' Hugh Hefner, wanda ya amince da bayar da gudummawa ga kungiyoyi biyu da Alba ta goyi bayan.<ref name="playboy">{{Cite web |last=Silverman |first=Stephen M. |title=Playboy Apologizes to Jessica Alba |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1180254,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306020459/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1180254,00.html |archive-date=March 6, 2012 |access-date=September 21, 2010 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2006, masu karatu na AskMen.com sun zabi Alba # 1 a cikin jerin sunayen "99 Mafi Kyawun Mata".<ref name="askmenalba2">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Jessica Alba (profile) |url=http://www.askmen.com/specials/2006_top_99/jessica-alba-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060203044438/http://www.askmen.com/specials/2006_top_99/jessica-alba-1.html |archive-date=February 3, 2006 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[AskMen.com]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, Alba ta kasance No.4 a cikin Mujallar Empire ta "100 Sexiest Movie Stars".<ref name="Popcrunch">{{Cite web |last=Castina |title=Empire Magazine 100 Sexiest Movie Stars Ever; Angelina Jolie Named Sexiest Movie Star Ever |url=http://www.popcrunch.com/empire-magazine-100-sexiest-movie-stars-ever-angelina-jolie-named-sexiest-movie-star-ever/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230809/http://www.popcrunch.com/empire-magazine-100-sexiest-movie-stars-ever-angelina-jolie-named-sexiest-movie-star-ever/ |archive-date=September 25, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |publisher=Popcrunch}}</ref> Dukansu ''GQ'' da ''InStyle'' suna da Alba a kan murfin su na Yuni 2008. <ref name="menstyle">{{Cite web |title=GQ: The Jessica Alba Video |url=http://video.men.style.com/?fr_story=6d59b836ad0746f01d5e61f3986e4825313460a5&rf=bm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415143206/http://video.men.style.com/?fr_story=6d59b836ad0746f01d5e61f3986e4825313460a5&rf=bm |archive-date=April 15, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[Style.com]]}}</ref><ref name="instyle">{{Cite web |title=In Style June 2007 |url=http://www.instyle.com/instyle/products/productfinder/issue/0,,1625011,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222193705/http://www.instyle.com/instyle/products/productfinder/issue/0%2C%2C1625011%2C00.html |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[InStyle]]}}</ref> Ta bayyana a cikin kalandar Campari ta 2009, wanda ke nuna hotuna na matsayinta; Campari ta buga kwafin 9,999 na kalandar.<ref name="Jessica Alba Bares Body After Baby for Calendar">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Alba Bares Body After Baby For Calendar |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20243751,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192223/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20243751,00.html |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |access-date=June 25, 2009 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref name="Campari Popsugar">{{Cite web |last=Kty |title=jessica alba 2009 Campari calendar |url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/photo-gallery/3236746/image/3236753/jessica-alba-2009-Campari-calendar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015556/https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/photo-gallery/3236746/image/3236753/jessica-alba-2009-Campari-calendar |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=POPSUGAR Celebrity |publisher=Popsugar}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, an lasafta ta daya daga cikin "Mata 100 mafi zafi na Duk Lokaci" ta hanyar Lafiya ta Maza, kuma a cikin 2012 ''Mutane'' sun ba ta suna daya daga cikin shekara ta "Mafi Kyau a Kowane Shekara". <ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time |url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815165801/http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |access-date=January 3, 2012 |website=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karen J. Quan |date=April 20, 2012 |title=2012 Most Beautiful at Every Age – Jessica Alba |url=http://www.people.com/people/package/gallery/0,,20360857_20360861,00.html#20612529 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625070730/http://www.people.com/people/package/gallery/0%2C%2C20360857_20360861%2C00.html#20612529 |archive-date=June 25, 2016 |access-date=April 25, 2012 |website=People}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, rahotanni sun bayyana cewa wata yarinya 'yar kasar Sin mai shekaru 21 tana neman tiyata ta filastik don kama da Alba don dawo da tsohon saurayi; tauraron ya yi magana game da bukatar canza bayyanar mutum don soyayya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2010 |title=Jessica Alba Makeover (Photos) – Plastic Surgery to Look Like Actress |url=http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerpop/article_272630303.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409025241/http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerpop/article_272630303.shtml |archive-date=April 9, 2010 |access-date=February 10, 2010 |website=National Ledger}}</ref>   Alba ta yi sharhi game da tsoronta na kasancewa a matsayin ɗan jima'i bisa ga yawancin sassan da aka ba ta. A cikin wata hira, Alba ta ce tana so a dauki ta da muhimmanci a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo amma ta yi imanin cewa tana bukatar yin fina-finai wanda in ba haka ba ba ba za ta kasance da sha'awar gina aikinta ba, tana mai cewa a ƙarshe tana fatan zama mafi zaɓaɓɓu a cikin ayyukan fim dinta.<ref name="afwt">{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2005 |title=Alba Fears Whore Typecast |url=http://www.moono.com/news/news01099.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112014520/http://www.moono.com/news/news01099.html |archive-date=January 12, 2006 |access-date=July 31, 2007 |website=WEEN |publisher=Moono}}</ref> An nakalto Alba tana cewa ba za ta yi tsirara ba don rawar.<ref name="Popsugar, Sorry Boys">{{Cite web |last=Celebrity |date=October 12, 2006 |title=Sorry Boys, Jessica Alba Won't Get Naked |url=https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Sorry-Boys-Jessica-Alba-Wont-Get-Naked-46121 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015538/https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/Sorry-Boys-Jessica-Alba-Wont-Get-Naked-46121 |archive-date=November 15, 2017 |access-date=October 25, 2017 |website=POPSUGAR Celebrity |publisher=Popsugar}}</ref> Daraktocin fim din, Frank Miller da Robert Rodriguez, sun ba ta zaɓi ta bayyana tsirara a Sin City, amma ta ki tayin, tana cewa, "Ba na yin tsirara. Wataƙila wannan ya sa ni zama mummunar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Wataƙila ba za a hayar ni a wasu abubuwa ba. <ref name="Elle2006">{{Cite web |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |title=Jessica Alba – ELLE |url=http://www.elle.com/coverstory/9917/jessica-alba.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107104150/http://www.elle.com/coverstory/9917/jessica-alba.html |archive-date=November 7, 2006 |access-date=December 12, 2007 |publisher=Elle.com}}</ref> Ta yi magana game da harbi na ''GQ'' wanda ba ta da tufafi sosai, "Ba sa son in sa pantalon kakarta, amma na ce, 'Idan zan kasance ba tare da sutura ba ina buƙatar sa pantalon kakanta".<ref name="christian">{{Cite web |last=Gardetta |first=Dave |date=March 23, 2005 |title=Alba Turns Her Back on Christian Pals Who Made Her Feel Ashamed |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/alba%20turns%20her%20back%20on%20christian%20pals%20who%20made%20her%20feel%20ashamed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620004249/http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/alba%20turns%20her%20back%20on%20christian%20pals%20who%20made%20her%20feel%20ashamed |archive-date=June 20, 2009 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[GQ]] |publisher=[[Contactmusic.com]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[File:Jessica_Alba_2024.jpg|thumb|Alba a cikin 2024 a [[White House|Fadar White House]]]] Alba ta girma a matsayin Katolika a duk lokacin da take matashiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2010 |title=Jessica Alba says she'll never do a nude scene |url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=458443&gt1=28101 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603130259/http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=458443&gt1=28101 |archive-date=June 3, 2012 |access-date=September 2, 2012 |publisher=Movies.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardetta |first=Dave |date=April 2005 |title=The Sinner |url=http://men.style.com/gq/features/full?id=content_847 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416165610/http://men.style.com/gq/features/full?id=content_847 |archive-date=April 16, 2008 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[GQ]] |publisher=[[Style.com]]}}</ref> Bayan shekaru hudu a matsayin Kirista da aka sake haifa, sai ta koma baya daga addini saboda ta ji ana yin mata shari'a saboda bayyanarta, tana bayanin cewa, "Mutumin maza za su buge ni, kuma matasan fasto na sun ce saboda ina sanye da tufafi masu tayar da hankali, lokacin da ba na kasance ba. Ya sa na ji kamar dai ina da kyau ga kishiyar jima'i, cewa ni ne, kuma ya sa ni jin kunyar jiki da mace. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2006 |title=Alba Alters Religious Beliefs |url=http://www.moono.com/news/news03203.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117110830/http://www.moono.com/news/news03203.html |archive-date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=May 14, 2009 |publisher=moono.com}}</ref> Alba kuma tana da ƙiyayya ga la'akari da cocin game da jima'i kafin aure da luwadi, da kuma abin da ta gani a matsayin rashin kyawawan mata a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, tana bayanin cewa: "Na yi tunanin jagora ne mai kyau, amma tabbas ba yadda zan rayu rayuwata ba".<ref name="Elle2006" />"Bautar addinin ta [ta fara] raguwa" tana da shekaru 15 lokacin da ta yi baƙo a matsayin matashiya da ke fama da [[Ciwon sanyi|gonorrhea]] a makogwaro a cikin wani labari na 1996 na jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Chicago Hope . Abokanta a coci sun yi mummunar martani ga rawar da ta taka, wanda ya sa ta rasa bangaskiya a cikin Cocin. Koyaya, ta bayyana cewa har yanzu tana da imani da Allah.<ref name="new">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Glamour's October Cover Girl – Dark Angel Jessica Alba Reveals Her Obsessions, Love, and God – p.256; October issue on newsstands Sept. 11, 2001 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_10/ai_78019584 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528000712/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2001_Sept_10/ai_78019584 |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=May 18, 2008 |website=Glamour Magazine}}</ref> Yayinda take yin fim din Dark Angel a watan Janairun 2000, Alba ta fara dangantaka ta shekaru uku tare da abokin aikinta Michael Weatherly . Weatherly ta miƙa wa Alba a ranar haihuwarta ta 20, wanda ta yarda. A watan Agustan shekara ta 2003, sun sanar da cewa sun kawo karshen dangantakarsu.<ref name="peoplebio" /> A watan Yulin 2007, Alba ya yi magana game da rabuwa, yana cewa, "Ban san [me ya sa na yi alkawari ba]. Ni budurwa ce. Ya fi ni shekaru 12. Na yi tunanin ya fi ni girma. Iyayena ba su da farin ciki. Sun yi imanin cewa Allah ba zai bari a rubuta Littafi Mai-Tsarki ba idan ba abin da ya kamata su yi imani ba. Ina da bambanci gaba ɗaya.<ref name="starpulse">{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2007 |title=Jessica Alba's Parental Relationship Was Strained By Engagement |url=http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/07/11/jessica_alba_s_parental_relationship_was/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713223603/http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2007/07/11/jessica_alba_s_parental_relationship_was |archive-date=July 13, 2007 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=Starpulse}}</ref> Alba ta sadu da Cash Warren, ɗan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Michael Warren, yayin yin fim na Fantastic Four a shekara ta 2004. <ref name="peopleengaged">{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=Julie |date=December 27, 2007 |title=Jessica Alba Engaged! |url=https://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-engaged/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023083532/http://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-engaged/ |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref name="eonline">{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Natalie |date=December 27, 2007 |title=Jessica Alba Engaged! |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=fd542a5d-6126-4059-ab62-9df839abe451&sid=fd-news |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824033137/http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=fd542a5d-6126-4059-ab62-9df839abe451&sid=fd-news |archive-date=August 24, 2011 |access-date=April 23, 2008 |website=[[E!]] Online}}</ref> Sun yi aure a Los Angeles a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=Julie |date=May 20, 2008 |title=Jessica Alba Gets Married to Cash Warren! |url=https://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-gets-married-to-cash-warren/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621183434/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20201377,00.html |archive-date=June 21, 2016 |access-date=May 20, 2008 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya uku: 'ya' ya'ya mata biyu da ɗa.<ref name="Jessica Alba Welcomes Baby Girl">{{Cite web |date=June 7, 2008 |title=Jessica Alba Welcomes a Baby Girl |url=https://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-gets-married-to-cash-warren/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205181812/http://people.com/celebrity/jessica-alba-gets-married-to-cash-warren/ |archive-date=December 5, 2016 |access-date=June 7, 2008 |website=People}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juneau, Jen |date=January 1, 2018 |title=Jessica Alba and Cash Warren Welcome Son Hayes Alba |url=http://people.com/babies/jessica-alba-cash-warren-welcome-third-child-son-hayes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101220258/http://people.com/babies/jessica-alba-cash-warren-welcome-third-child-son-hayes/ |archive-date=January 1, 2018 |access-date=January 1, 2018 |website=People}}</ref> Hotuna na farko na 'yarta ta fari, wanda ya bayyana a cikin fitowar Yuli 2008 na OK! mujallar, an ruwaito cewa Alba ta sami dala miliyan 1.5 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Ten Most Expensive Baby Photos |url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/top-ten-most-expensive-baby-photos_gallery_1458/image_77021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723143059/http://www.accesshollywood.com/top-ten-most-expensive-baby-photos_gallery_1458/image_77021 |archive-date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=September 2, 2009 |website=Access Hollywood}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2025, Alba ta sanar da cewa sun rabu sannan suka nemi saki a watan da ke zuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson, KiMi |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Jessica Alba reveals separation from husband Cash Warren after 16 years: 'A new chapter' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2025/01/16/jessica-alba-husband-cash-warren-separation-breakup/77753592007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124131032/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2025/01/16/jessica-alba-husband-cash-warren-separation-breakup/77753592007/ |archive-date=January 24, 2025 |access-date=February 24, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=VanHoose |first=Benjamin |date=February 7, 2025 |title=Jessica Alba Officially Files for Divorce from Husband Cash Warren After 16 Years of Marriage |url=https://people.com/jessica-alba-files-divorce-husband-cash-warren-8779928 |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=People.com}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2025, Alba tana soyayya da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Danny Ramirez . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drury |first=Sharareh |date=July 31, 2025 |title=Jessica Alba and Danny Ramirez Share a Passionate Kiss in L.A. as Their Relationship Heats Up |url=https://people.com/jessica-alba-and-danny-ramirez-kiss-in-los-angeles-11782172 |access-date=August 1, 2025 |website=People.com}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Alba ta bayyana a cikin jerin asalin Henry Louis Gates Jr. Finding Your Roots, wanda ya rubuta iliminta game da zuriyarta, wanda aka gano shi zuwa wayewar Maya ta dā.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Gerri |date=September 22, 2014 |title='Finding Your Roots' fills the gaps of the family tree |url=http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/finding-your-roots-fills-the-gaps-of-the-family-tree |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923162950/http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/stories/finding-your-roots-fills-the-gaps-of-the-family-tree |archive-date=September 23, 2014 |access-date=September 24, 2014 |website=Mnn.com}}</ref> Binciken wasan kwaikwayon ya nuna cewa ba a gaji sunanta daga wani Mutanen Espanya ba, tunda mahaifin mahaifinta (Y-DNA) shine Haplogroup Q-M3, kasancewar asalin asalin Amurka ne. Layin mahaifiyarsa (mtDNA) Bayahude ne kuma ya bayyana cewa lauya Alan Dershowitz dangi ne na kwayar halitta. Haɗin duniya na Alba ya kasance 72.7% na Turai, 22.5% 'yan asalin Amurka ("Gabas ta Asiya da' yan asalin Amurka"), 2% na Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, 0.3% Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Arewacin Afirka]], 0.1% na Asiya ta Kudu da 2.4% "babu wasa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |1994 |''Sansanin Babu A Wuri'' |Gail | |- |1995 |''Venus Rising'' |Matashi Hauwa'u | |- | rowspan="3" |1999 |''P.U.N.K.S.'' |Samantha Swoboda | |- |''Ba a taɓa Saki Ba'' |Kirsten Liosis | |- |''Hannun da ba su da amfani'' |Molly | |- |2000 |''Paranoid'' |Chloe | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''Littafin Barci'' |Selima | |- |''Zuma'' |Daniels na zuma | |- | rowspan="3" |2005 |''Birnin Zunubi'' |Nancy Callahan | |- |''Hudu Masu Kyau'' |Susan Storm / Mace marar ganuwa | |- |''A cikin Blue'' |Sam | |- | rowspan="6" |2007 |''Goma'' |Liz Anne Blazer | |- |''An buga shi'' |Shi da kansa |Ba a san shi ba |- |''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer'' |Susan Storm / Mace marar ganuwa | |- |''Sa'a Mai Kyau Chuck'' |Cam Wexler | |- |''Ganawa da Bill'' |Lucy | |- |''Farkawa'' |Sam Lockwood | |- | rowspan="2" |2008 |''Idanu'' |Sydney Wells | |- |''Guru na Ƙauna'' |Jane Bullard | |- | rowspan="6" |2010 |''Mai kisan kai a cikin Ni'' |Joyce Lakeland | |- |''Ranar soyayya'' |Morley Clarkson | |- | rowspan="2" |''Machete'' |Wakilin Musamman Sartana Rivera | |- |Marissa Rivera |Yanayin da aka share |- |''Alamar da ba a gani ba'' |Mona Gray | |- |''Ƙananan Ƙwararrun'' |Andi Garcia | |- |2011 |''Yara masu leken asiri: Duk Lokaci a Duniya'' |Marissa Wilson (an haife ta Cortez) | |- |2012 |''Martin Scorsese Yana cin kuki'' |Shi da kansa | |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''A.C.O.D.'' |Michelle | |- |''Tserewa daga Duniyar Duniya'' |Lena (murya) | |- |''Kashe-kashen da aka yi'' |Sartana Rivera |Ba a san shi ba |- | rowspan="3" |2014 |''Sin City: Dame da za a kashe don'' |Nancy Callahan | |- |''Yankin da aka shimfiɗa'' |Charlie | |- |''Wani nau'i na Kyakkyawan'' |Kate | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Kadan Mai Mutuwa'' |Victoria Knox | |- |''Yanayin da ke kewaye da shi'' |Shi da kansa |Cameo |- | rowspan="3" |2016 |''Rufin Rufin Ruwan Ruwan Ruwar Ruwan Ruwa'' |Maggie Price | |- |''ƙaunatacciyar Eleanor'' |Aunty Daisy Wax | |- |''Mechanical: Tashin matattu'' |Gina Thornton | |- |2017 |''Hanyar Kirsimeti'' |Fure na Beth | |- |2019 |''Masu kisan kai Anonymous'' |Jade | |- |2021 |[[Dubai Presents: Mission|Dubai Bayani: Aikin]] |Matar |Gajeren fim |- |2024 |''Gargadi na Trigger'' |Parker Calvo | |- |TBA| {{pending film|[[Maserati: The Brothers]]}} |Sandra |Bayan samarwa |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |1994 |''Duniya ta Asirin Alex Mack'' |Jessica |Abubuwa 3 |- |1995–1997 |''Flipper'' |Maya Graham |Babban rawar; 44 episodes |- | rowspan="2" |1996 |''ABC Bayan Makarantar Musamman'' |Kristi |Fim: "Ba da daɗewa ba ga Jeff" |- |''Birnin Chicago Hope'' |Florie Hernandez |Fim: "Jima'i na Jima'i a Birnin Chicago" |- | rowspan="3" |1998 |''Brooklyn ta Kudu'' |Melissa Hauer |Fim: "Bayyana Johnson" |- |''Beverly Hills, 90210'' |Leanne |Abubuwa 2 |- |''Jirgin soyayya: Wave na gaba'' |Layla |Kashi: "Ka tuna?" |- |2000–2002 |''Mala'ika Mai Duhu'' |Max Guevara / X5-452 |Matsayin jagora (42 episodes) |- |2003 |''MADtv'' |Jessica Simpson |Fim: "Fim #9.5" |- |2004 |''Yanayin da ke kewaye da shi'' | rowspan="2" |Shi da kansa |Fim: "Binciken" |- |2005 |''Abin da ya faru'' |Abubuwa 2 |- |2009 |''Ofishin'' |Sophie |Fim: "Rashin Rashin Rashin |- |2010 |''Hanyar Gudanarwa'' |Shi da kansa (alƙali mai baƙo) |Fim: "Matsi Mai Girma" |- |2013 |''Wasan kwaikwayoBang! Bang!'' |Shi da kansa |Fim: "Jessica Alba tana sanye da jaket tare da famfo na fata" |- |2014 |''Abin da aka yi wa Babila'' |Dixie Mellonworth |Abubuwa 4 |- |2015 |''Rashin Gudanar da RuPaul'' |Shi da kansa (alƙali mai baƙo) |Fim: "Spoof! (Akwai) " |- |2017 |''Duniyar Aikace-aikacen'' | rowspan="2" |Shi da kansa |Mai ba da shawara |- |2018 |''Babu Ayyuka'' |Fim: "The Actress" |- |2019–2020 |''Mafi Kyawun LA'' |Nancy McKenna |Babban rawar da take takawa |- |2023 |''StoryBots: Lokacin Amsa'' |Ms. Pizza Delivery Lady |Fim: "Lokaci da Nisa" |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Masu zane-zane !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2008 |"Mu ne" |will.i.am |Shi da kansa |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=29 February 2008 |title=Will.i.am Drafts Jessica Alba, Ryan Phillippe for Second Obama Video |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/will-i-am-drafts-jessica-alba-ryan-phillippe-for-second-obama-video-77208/ |website=Rolling Stone}}</ref> |- |2010 |"Na Yi Jima'i Kawai" |Tsibirin Mai kaɗaici |Sha'awar soyayya ta Jorma Taccone |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paiella |first=Gabriella |date=27 July 2021 |title=The Story Behind “I Just Had Sex” By The Lonely Island |url=https://www.gq.com/story/i-just-had-sex-lonely-island-oral-history |website=GQ}}</ref> |- |2015 |"Rashin Jinin" |[[Taylor Swift]] tare da Kendrick Lamar |Domino |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Katie |date=12 May 2015 |title=Jessica Alba Is in Taylor Swift's 'Bad Blood' Video |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/taylor-swift-bad-blood-video-jessica-alba-poster-6561376/ |website=Billboard}}</ref> |- |2025 |"Gabriela" |Katseye |Shugaba na Gabriela Enterprises |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Ju-yeon |date=19 June 2025 |title=New Katseye music video to feature twists, gowns and Jessica Alba |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2025-06-19/entertainment/kpop/New-Katseye-music-video-to-feature-twists-gowns-and-Jessica-Alba/2334029 |website=Korea JoongAng Daily |language=en}}</ref> |} === Wasannin bidiyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2002 |''Mala'ika Mai Duhu'' |Max Guevara <ref name="VGSource">{{Cite web |last=TECH |date=June 18, 2007 |title=Jessica Alba Talks About Being A Video Game Character |url=http://www.popsugar.com/tech/Jessica-Alba-Talks-About-Being-Video-Game-Character-319677#photo-319677 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621165529/https://www.popsugar.com/tech/Jessica-Alba-Talks-About-Being-Video-Game-Character-319677#photo-319677 |archive-date=June 21, 2019 |access-date=December 22, 2015 |website=POPSUGAR Tech}}</ref> |Bisa ga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na wannan sunan |- |2005 |''Hudu Masu Kyau'' |Sue Storm / Invisible Woman <ref name="VGSource" /> |Bisa ga fim din mai suna |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyaututtuka !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="3" |2001 |Kyautar ALMA<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2011 |title=The 2011 ALMA Award Winners |url=http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/the-2011-alma-award-winners.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406082803/http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/the-2011-alma-award-winners.html |archive-date=April 6, 2019 |access-date=September 10, 2012 |website=latingossip.com}}</ref> |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo ta shekara | -| {{Won}} |- |Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a |Mata da aka fi so a Sabon Shirye-shiryen Talabijin | rowspan="3" |''Mala'ika Mai Duhu''| rowspan=3 {{Nom}} |- |Kyautar Golden Globe |Mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin - Drama |- |2002 |Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards |Jarumi na Mata da aka fi so |- |2005 |Kyautar Matasan Hollywood |Superstar na Gobe | -| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" |2006 |Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards |'Yar fim din da ta fi so |''Hudu Masu Kyau''| rowspan=3 {{Nom}} |- |Kyautar Raspberry ta Zinariya |Mafi munin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Fantastic Four / ''A cikin Blue'' |- | rowspan="2" |2007 |Kyautar TV Land |Little Screen / Big Screen Star (Mata) | rowspan="2" | - |- |Kyautar Zaɓin Mutanen TV na Spike |Jessica mafi zafi| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |2008 | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Raspberry ta Zinariya |Mafi munin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Tashi / Good Luck Chuck / ''Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer''|rowspan=4 {{Nom}} |- |Ma'aurata mafi munin allo |Tashi / Good Luck Chuck / Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer '' (wanda aka raba tare da Hayden Christensen, Dane Cook, da Ioan Gruffud) '' |- | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a |Tauraruwar Ayyuka ta Mata da ta fi so | rowspan="2" | - |- |Uwargidan da ta fi so |- |Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards |Tauraruwar fim din mata da ta fi so |''Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer''| {{Won}} |- |2009 | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Raspberry ta Zinariya |Mafi munin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Ido / ''Guru na Ƙauna''|{{Nom}} |- |2011 |Mafi munin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |Mai kisan kai a ciki / Little Fockers / ''Machete'' / ''Ranar soyayya''|{{Won}} |- |2012 |Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards |Buttkicker da ya fi so |''<nowiki/>'Yan leƙen asiri: Duk Lokaci a Duniya a cikin 4D''|rowspan=2 {{Nom}} |- |2019 |Kyautar Zaɓin Matasa |Zaɓin Aiki na TV |''Mafi Kyawun LA'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hdsgocbtfuz0tkq4c2r2i0ls1sojpz0 0 176488 967046 953491 2026-10-13T03:25:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Hierogamia_de_Los_Casares.gif|right|thumb|275x275px| Ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan siffofi masu yawa na Los Casares, wanda ke wakiltar aikin jima'i.]] '''Cueva de los Casares''' wani kogo ne a Riba de Saelices ( Lardin Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] ). An gano shi a shekarar 1933, yana ɗauke da [[Hoton kogon|zane-zane da dama na kogon]] Paleolithic, kuma ya fi shahara saboda jerin zane-zanen da ke nuna abin da wasu suka yi jayayya a kai shine wakilcin farko na fahimtar ɗan adam game da tsarin haihuwa, wanda ke nuna hotunan saduwa (watakila ta hanyar wani mutum mai ban mamaki), ciki, haihuwa, da rayuwar iyali. Dabbobin mammoth da sauran dabbobi suna yawan bayyana a cikin zane-zanen. An ayyana ''Bien de Interés Cultural'' a cikin 1935. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Consulta a la base de datos de bienes inmuebles |url=https://www.mecd.gob.es/bienes/buscarDetalleBienesInmuebles.do?brscgi_DOCN=000005297&brscgi_BCSID=b5c753d7&language=es&prev_layout=bienesInmueblesResultado&layout=bienesInmueblesResultado |access-date=2 June 2018 |website=Gobierno de España |language=es}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akwai wakilcin dabbobi da yawa, siffofin ɗan adam (sifofi irin na ɗan adam), da kuma ra'ayoyi (gami da azzakari, farji, kayan aiki, da ƙarin hotuna marasa tsari). Masana a wajen Spain ba su san kogon da zane-zanensa ba sosai.<ref>Consulta a la base de datos de bienes inmuebles". Gobierno de España (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 June 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == rhsf9djro18xbkqd85zvww81oirk3g4 0 176634 967085 956370 2026-10-13T09:53:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Castilleja victoriae''''' wani nau'in shuka ne na fure a cikin dangin broomrape wanda aka fi sani da sunaye da aka fi sani da '''Victoria's owl-clover''' da '''Victoria's paint brush''' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fairbarns |first=Matt |last2=Egger |first2=J. Mark |date=2007 |title=Castilleja Victoriae (orobanchaceae): A New Rare Species from Southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and the Adjacent San Juan Islands, Washington, U.s.a. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41426369 |journal=Madroño |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=334–342 |doi=10.3120/0024-9637(2007)54[334:CVOANR]2.0.CO;2 |issn=0024-9637 |jstor=41426369}}</ref> <ref name="inaturalist-Castilleja victoriae">{{Cite web |title=Castilleja victoriae (Victoria's Paintbrush) |url=https://inaturalist.ca/taxa/160227-Castilleja-victoriae |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=iNaturalist Canada |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128091323/https://inaturalist.ca/taxa/160227-Castilleja-victoriae |archive-date=2024-01-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da kewayon == ''Castilleja victoriae'' tana da yawan jama'a a wani ƙaramin yanki na kudu maso gabashin [[Vancouver Island|Tsibirin Vancouver]] a [[British Columbia]] (kusa da birnin Victoria mai suna) da kuma wani wuri guda a Tsibirin San Juan na [[Washington (jiha)|Jihar Washington]] . Akwai mutane huɗu ko ƙasa da haka da ke wanzuwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=2002-07-01 |title=COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Victoria's Owl-clover, Castilleja victoriae, in Canada .: CW69-14/610-2010E-PDF - Government of Canada Publications - Canada.ca |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.567459/publication.html |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=publications.gc.ca}}</ref> [[File:Castilleja_victoriae.jpg|left|thumb|267x267px| Kusa da furannin ''Castilleja victoriae'']] == Bayani == Ganyen tushe suna da siffar lanƙwasa, masu siffar lobes, kuma masu gashi, ba tare da wani rosette na basal ba. Ganyen sama suna da zurfi sosai, suna zama furanni masu launin shunayya. Furen suna samar da fure mai lobe biyar, tare da furanni masu lebe biyu waɗanda tsawonsu ya kai mm 10-18. Leben ƙasan calyx suna da launin rawaya tare da fararen fata, kuma leben sama suna da launin ruwan tsami. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da kapsul masu launin ruwan kasa tare da ƙwayoyin halitta guda biyu waɗanda ke rabewa lokacin da suka nuna don bayyana iri 30-70. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Species at risk registry |url=https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/species/1084-749 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=species-registry.canada.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=E-Flora BC Atlas Page - Castilleja victoriae |url=https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Castilleja+victoriae |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=linnet.geog.ubc.ca}}</ref> == Mazauni == Ana samun ''Castilleja victoriae'' ne kawai a cikin [[Tafkin Vernal|tafkuna]] da ramukan ruwa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin bishiyoyin oak na Garry a cikin [[mita]] 50 daga bakin teku . <ref name=":0" /> An kawar da abubuwa huɗu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi tun farkon ƙarni na ƙarshe saboda [[Rashin mazaunin|asarar muhalli]] da [[Rashin lalacewar muhalli|lalacewar muhalli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BC Conservation Data Centre: Conservation Status Report {{!}} Castilleja victoriae |url=https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/esr.do?id=23344 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=a100.gov.bc.ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h8us8vwzwc1boy2f2l9loyibvu2o392 0 177034 966803 958388 2026-10-12T12:30:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jessica Amy Barden''' (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1992) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila. Ta fara aikinta a matsayin yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta sami shahara ta hanyar rawar da ta taka a cikin Channel 4 comedy-drama '''The End of the Fing World''' (2017-2019). Ta sami kyautar Kyautar Fim Mai Zaman Kanta ta Burtaniya saboda rawar da ta taka a ''Scarborough'' (2018). Sauran fina-finai na Barden sun hada da (2010), ''Hanna'' (2011), The ''Lobster'' (2015), The New Romantic (2018) da Pink Skies Ahead (2020). A talabijin, tun lokacin da ta fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Foxtel Lambs of God (2019), [[Netflix]] mai ban tsoro Pieces of Her (2022) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na ITV You & Me (2023). == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Barden a ranar 21 ga watan Yulin na shekarar 1992 <ref name="BBCTwitterDOB">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2016 |title=Happy birthday Jessica Barden! Here she is with Carey Mulligan as 'Liddy' in last year's #FarFromTheMaddingCrowd. |url=https://twitter.com/BBCFilms/status/756073149653979136 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=Twitter}}</ref> a Northallerton, North Yorkshire .<ref name="MrsRatcliffeDoc">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mrs Ratcliffe's Revolution |url=http://www.hoytsdistribution.co.nz/main/zip_ratcliffes/ratcliffes_pronotes.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015053618/http://www.hoytsdistribution.co.nz/main/zip_ratcliffes/ratcliffes_pronotes.doc |archive-date=15 October 2008 |access-date=19 May 2017 |publisher=Hoyts Distribution / UK Film Council |format=DOC}}</ref> Ta fito ne daga asalin ma'aikata.<ref name="instyle 21">{{Cite journal |last=Truong |first=Kimberly |date=15 June 2021 |title=Jessica Barden Goes Big On "Every Single Emotion" |url=https://www.instyle.com/celebrity/jessica-barden-goes-big-on-every-single-emotion |journal=InStyle |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> Mahaifinta jami'in kurkuku ne, kuma mahaifiyarta mai lissafi ce; tana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara uku, iyalin suka koma Wetherby, West Yorkshire.<ref name="MrsRatcliffeDoc" /> Barden ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wetherby . <ref name="MrsRatcliffeDoc" /> Ta gano wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar makaranta da kuma ƙaunar mahaifinta ga fim. Ta fara karatun a kulob din wasan kwaikwayo na gida kuma tana aiki a matsayin karin talabijin.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=21 October 2017 |title=Interview: Jessica Barden |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/film-and-tv/interview-jessica-barden-1437726 |journal=The Scotsman |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett |first=Devin |date=9 December 2019 |title=V Girls: Jessica Barden |url=https://vmagazine.com/article/v-girls-jessica-barden/ |url-status=dead |journal=V Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103120408/https://vmagazine.com/article/v-girls-jessica-barden/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> Ta bar makaranta tana da shekara 15.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams |first=Holly |date=6 November 2018 |title=Jessica Barden on Pinter and the return of 'The End of the F***ing World': 'I struggle with anxiety. Being on stage can be terrible' |url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/jessica-barden-pinter-four-theatre-the-end-of-the-fucking-world-218613 |journal=INews |access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Barden ta fara aikinta a matsayin ƴar wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a shekarar 1999 tare da rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen '''CITV My Parents Are Aliens''' . <ref name="MyParents...BroadwayWorld">{{Cite web |date=19 July 2013 |title=Mark Quartley and Jessica Barden to Star in Finborough Theatre's Armstrong's War; Full Cast Announced! |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Mark-Quartley-and-Jessica-Barden-to-Star-in-Finborough-Theatres-ARMSTRONGS-WAR-Full-Cast-Announced-20130719 |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=broadwayworld}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Barden CV |url=https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/jessica-barden/cv |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Curtis Brown}}</ref> Daga baya ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen '''No Angels''' <ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> da The Chase . <ref name="NoAngelsHarrogateAd">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2005 |title=Wetherby youngster makes acting debut in TV |url=http://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/wetherby-youngster-makes-acting-debut-in-tv-1-2678291 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826044032/https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/wetherby-youngster-makes-acting-debut-in-tv-1-2678291 |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Harrogate Advertiser}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> Barden tana da shekaru 14 <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Jessica Barden - Actress |url=https://www.bafta.org/supporting-talent/breakthrough-brits/jessica-barden-actress |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=BAFTA}}</ref> lokacin da ta shiga aikin wasan kwaikwayo na ITV Coronation Street, tana wasa da Kayleigh Morton daga watan Maris 2007 <ref name="CorrieWetherbyNews">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2007 |title=Jessica set to join 'Corrie' cast |url=http://www.wetherbynews.co.uk/ViewArticle.aspx?SectionID=19&ArticleID=2091906 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128222834/http://www.wetherbynews.co.uk/wetherby-news/Jessica-set-to-join-39Corrie39.2091906.jp |archive-date=28 January 2008 |access-date=2 September 2007 |publisher=Wetherby News}}</ref> har zuwa lokacin da iyalin Morton suka tashi daga sabulu a watan Satumba na shekarar 2008. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Jade |date=6 April 2015 |title=The Scousers that shone on Coronation Street – looking back at the characters who made their mark in Weatherfield |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/scousers-shone-coronation-street---8991393 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2010 |title=Coronation Street 50 Years: Who has lived where in Weatherfield |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/film-and-tv/coronation-street-50-years-who-899821 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> Barden ta fara fim a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Mrs Ratcliffe na shekarar 2007. <ref name="EllenHarrogate">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2007 |title=Wetherby's young film star |url=http://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/wetherby-s-young-film-star-1-2638593 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826044003/https://www.harrogateadvertiser.co.uk/news/wetherby-s-young-film-star-1-2638593 |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=19 May 2017 |website=Harrogate Advertiser}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta buga Pea a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Urushalima'' a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Royal Court a London, wanda daga nan aka sauya shi zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Apollo a West End.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2009 |title=Jerusalem, Starring Tony Winner Mark Rylance, Transfers to the West End |url=http://www.theatre.com/buzz/134523/jerusalem-starring-tony-winner-mark-rylance-transfers-to-the-west-end/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091131/http://www.theatre.com/buzz/134523/jerusalem-starring-tony-winner-mark-rylance-transfers-to-the-west-end/ |archive-date=6 September 2017 |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=theatre.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2010 |title=Theatre Review: Jerusalem at the Apollo Theatre London |url=http://www.lastminute.com/blog/theatre-review-jerusalem-at-the-apollo-theatre-london/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115084724/https://www.lastminute.com/blog/theatre-review-jerusalem-at-the-apollo-theatre-london |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=lastminute.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, Barden ya bayyana a fim din ''Tamara Drewe'', <ref name="TamaraReview2">{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=Anthony |date=10 September 2010 |title=Tamara Drewe (15) |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/tamara-drewe-15-2075107.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/reviews/tamara-drewe-15-2075107.html |archive-date=8 June 2022 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=The Independent}}</ref> wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan, wanda aka zabi Barden a matsayin Matashi na Burtaniya na Shekara ta London Film Critics' Circle. A shekara mai zuwa, ta buga Sophie a cikin ''Hanna'' na Joe Wright.<ref name="HannaSalon">{{Cite web |last=O'Hehir |first=Andrew |date=8 April 2011 |title="Hanna": A ruthless, arty "Sucker Punch" |url=http://www.salon.com/2011/04/07/hanna_2/ |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=Salon}}</ref> Daga 2012 zuwa 2014, tana da rawar fim a cikin tsoro Comedown, wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki In the Dark Half, mai ban tsoro na tunani Mindscape, da kuma indie Lullaby .<ref name="ComedownHollywoodNews">{{Cite web |last=Baldock |first=Luke Ryan |date=8 March 2013 |title=Comedown DVD Review |url=http://www.thehollywoodnews.com/2013/03/08/comedown-dvd-review/ |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=The Hollywood News}}</ref><ref name="ComedownScifinow">{{Cite web |last=Hoare |first=James |date=1 March 2013 |title=COMEDOWN DVD REVIEW |url=https://www.scifinow.co.uk/reviews/king-of-pigs-dvd-review/ |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=SciFiNow}}</ref><ref name="InTheDarkHalfCinevue">{{Cite web |last=Gamble |first=Patrick |date=August 2012 |title=Film Review: 'In the Dark Half' |url=http://www.cine-vue.com/2012/08/film-review-in-dark-half.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091824/http://www.cine-vue.com/2012/08/film-review-in-dark-half.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=CineVue}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /><ref name="LullabyIndieWire">{{Cite web |last=Grozdanovic |first=Nikola |date=10 June 2014 |title=Review: 'Lullaby' |url=http://www.indiewire.com/2014/06/review-lullaby-starring-garrett-hedlund-amy-adams-richard-jenkins-terrence-howard-jennifer-hudson-more-84978/ |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=Indie Wire}}</ref> An ba Barden suna 2015 Screen International Star of Tomorrow . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=5 October 2015 |title=Jessica Barden, Stars of Tomorrow 2015 |url=https://www.screendaily.com/stars-of-tomorrow/jessica-barden-stars-of-tomorrow-2015/5094634.article |journal=Screen Daily |access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ta buga Kit Carmichael a cikin sashi biyu na littafin farko na Sadie Jones The Outcast a BBC One da Liddy a cikin fim na Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding Crowd . <ref name="TheOutcastBBC">{{Cite web |title=BBC One: The Outcast: Episode 1 credits |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b062vqcx/credits |access-date=20 July 2015 |website=[[BBC Online]]}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> A cikin 2016, Barden ya taka rawar gani na fim din talabijin na Channel 4 ''Ellen'' da kuma Jasmine a cikin fim din ban dariya ''Mindhorn'' da Justine a cikin jerin na uku na Penny Dreadful a kan Sky Atlantic . <ref name="EllenRT">{{Cite web |last=Lazarus |first=Susanna |date=1 September 2016 |title=Ellen: a searing piece of drama with a brutal final punch |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-09-01/ellen-a-searing-piece-of-drama-with-a-brutal-final-punch |access-date=19 May 2017 |publisher=[[Radio Times]]}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> Ta fito a fim din ban tsoro na 2017 Habit . <ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> Har ila yau, a cikin 2017, Barden ta fara fitowa a cikin Channel 4 da [[Netflix]] mai duhu mai ban dariya The End of the F***ing World a matsayin Alyssa, rawar da za ta taka a duka jerin. Ta fito a fina-finai na 2018 The New Romantic, <ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> da ''Scarborough''. <ref name="bifa">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2019 |title=2019 British Indie Film Awards Nominations: 'David Copperfield,' Zellweger, and More |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/10/2019-british-independent-film-awards-nominations-1202186060/ |access-date=2019-11-26 |website=IndieWire}}</ref> Ga wannan karshen, an zabi ta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a British Independent Film Awards, da kuma National Film Awards UK.<ref name="bifa" /><ref name="nfa">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2020 |title=Renee Zellweger, Ricky Gervais, Dev Patel, Chiwetel Ejiofor and Olivia Coleman are among stars nominated at 2020 National Film Awards UK |url=https://www.nationalfilmawards.org/renee-zellweger-ricky-gervais-rowan-aitkinson-kate-beckinsale-david-tenant-eddie-redmayne-and-liam-neeson-are-among-stars-nominated-at-2020-national-film-awards-uk/ |access-date=2020-02-26 |website=nationalfilmawards.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216123506/https://www.nationalfilmawards.org/renee-zellweger-ricky-gervais-rowan-aitkinson-kate-beckinsale-david-tenant-eddie-redmayne-and-liam-neeson-are-among-stars-nominated-at-2020-national-film-awards-uk/ |archive-date=2023-02-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar yabo ta [[IMDb]] Breakout Star, kuma an ba ta suna 2018 BAFTA Breakthrough Brit . <ref name="brit">{{Cite web |last=White |first=Peter |date=1 November 2018 |title='The End of the F**king World' Star Jessica Barden Leads BAFTA's Breakthrough Brits |url=https://deadline.com/2018/11/jessica-barden-baftas-breakthrough-brits-1202493715/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Deadline}}</ref> Barden ya bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na 2019 na Conan Gray "Maniac" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roth |first=Madeline |title=Conan Gray's 'Maniac' Video Is A 'Night Of The Living Exes' Spookfest |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/3143831/conan-gray-maniac-video/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026125527/http://www.mtv.com/news/3143831/conan-gray-maniac-video/ |archive-date=26 October 2019 |access-date=2019-10-28 |website=[[MTV News]] |language=en}}</ref> da Ozzy Osbourne "A ƙarƙashin Kabari", da kuma fim din Jungleland da jerin Foxtel na Australia Lambs of God . Tana da matsayi na farko a cikin fina-finai na 2020 ''Holler'' da Pink Skies Ahead . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Erbland |first=Kate |date=9 June 2021 |title='Holler' Review: Jessica Barden Shines in Better, More Honest Version of 'Hillbilly Elegy' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/06/holler-review-jessica-barden-nicole-riegel-1234643367/ |journal=IndieWire |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref><ref name="CurtisBrownCV" /> A watan Janairun 2021, an sanar da cewa an jefa Barden a matsayin Jane a cikin fim din [[Netflix]] na 2022 Pieces of Her, wanda ya dace da littafin Karin Slaughter na wannan sunan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=28 January 2021 |title=Omari Hardwick, Jessica Barden, Joe Dempsie Among Five Cast in Netflix Series 'Pieces of Her' |url=https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/pieces-of-her-netflix-cast-1234894235/ |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=Variety}}</ref> Tana da matsayi mai zuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na ITV You & Me da fim din kwallon kafa An Unsuitable Game . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=Harry Lawtey, Jessica Barden and Sophia Brown to star in You & Me |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/tv/news/6912/you-and-me-itv-comedy-drama-cast/ |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=British Comedy Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ntim |first=Zac |date=30 August 2022 |title=Jessica Barden To Star In Women's Football Feature From Mandie Fletcher; WestEnd Films Launches Sales |url=https://deadline.com/2022/08/jessica-barden-to-star-in-womens-football-feature-tiff-1235102862/ |journal=Deadline |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2024, an jefa Barden a matsayin Young Valya Harkonnen (wanda Emily Watson ta buga daga baya a rayuwa) a cikin jerin HBO ''Dune: Annabci'' . <ref name="barden">{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=15 May 2024 |title=''Dune: Prophecy'' Casts ''End of the F—ing World'' Star Jessica Barden |url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/dune-prequel-series-cast-jessica-barden-1236004517/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Barden ya nuna Victoria Wood a cikin fim din fim na 2026 Becoming Victoria Wood . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Actor Jessica Barden joins Becoming Victoria Wood - U&GOLD's feature-length documentary celebrating the life of Victoria Wood |url=https://corporate.uktv.co.uk/newsroom/actor-jessica-barden-joins-becoming-victoria-wood-uandgolds-feature-length-documentary-celebrating-the-life-of-victoria-wood |access-date=4 November 2025 |website=corporate.uktv.co.uk}}</ref> Barden ya ba da murya a kan waƙar "Finding Money" a cikin kundin 2025 We Will Annihilate Our Enemies ta ƙungiyar London Real Lies . <ref>{{Cite web |title=“My List of Enemies Grows Longer”: How Real Lies Doom-Scrolled Their Way to a New Album |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/how-real-lies-doom-scrolled-their-way-to-a-new-album |access-date=1 January 2026 |publisher=Interview Magazine}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Barden ya auri darektan Jungleland Max Winkler a watan Maris na shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jessica Barden is married to director Max Winkler |url=https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/jessica-barden/husband-max-winkler/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103114102/https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/jessica-barden/husband-max-winkler/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=PopBuzz}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Oktoba 2021, Barden ta sanar da cewa ta haifi ɗansu na farko, 'yar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2021 |title=End of the F***ing World star Jessica Barden reveals she was pregnant in lockdown and recently gave birth |url=https://metro.co.uk/2021/10/20/end-of-the-fing-worlds-jessica-barden-shocks-fans-with-baby-news-15453125/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=Metro}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Disamba 2024, Barden ta sanar da haihuwar ɗansu na biyu. Barden ta bayyana game da abubuwan da ta samu tare da damuwa da magani.<ref name="instyle 21" /> A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a 2023 tare da The Daily Telegraph, Barden ya yi magana game da "yawon shakatawa na aiki" a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na tsakiya da na sama waɗanda ke kusantar matsayi na ma'aikata tare da halin da ba su da kyau ko jahilci, musamman suna kiran Emma Corrin don son yin fim din "mai tsananin fushi" tare da "harki mai banƙyama". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2007 |''Juyin Juya Halin Mrs Ratcliffe'' |Mary Ratcliffe | |- |2010 |''Tamara Drewe'' |Jody Long | |- |2011 |''Hanna'' |Sophie | |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |''Kashewa'' |Kelly | |- |''A cikin Dark Half'' |Maryamu | |- |2013 |''Yanayin tunani'' |Tsuntsu | |- |2014 |''Rarrabawar'' |Meredith | |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Daga Taron da ke Ruwa'' |Liddy | |- |''Lobster'' |Mace Mai zubar da jini a hanci | |- |2016 |''Mindhorn'' |Jasmine | |- |2017 |''Halin da ake yi'' |Lee | |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |''Sabon Romantic'' |Blake Conway | |- |''Scarborough'' |Beth | |- |2019 |''Yankin daji'' |Sama | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''Holler'' |Ruut | |- |''Pink Skies A gaba'' |Winona | |- |2024 |''Zuciya ta Dutse'' |Agatha |Gajeren fim |- |2026 |''Kasancewa Victoria Wood'' |Itacen Victoria |[[Documentary film|Fim din]] |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |1999 |''Iyayena Baƙi ne'' |Yarinya a Makaranta |Kashi: "Ranar" |- |2005 |''Babu Mala'iku'' |Lucy |Kashi na #2.3 |- |2006 |''Gudanar da'' |Amy |Kashi #1.2 |- |2007–2008 |''Hanyar Coronation'' |Kayleigh Morton |Jerin yau da kullun |- |2011 |''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy'' |Ma'aikacin Bar |Fim: "Kokuna" |- |2012 |''Vera'' |Stella Macken |Fim: "Matsayin Ghost" |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Zuwa'' |Ruby |Fim: "Yaƙin Sammy" |- |''Kayan kaji'' |Ma'aikacin Barma / Penny |Abubuwa 3 |- |2015 |''Wadanda aka fitar da su'' |Kit Carmichael |Abubuwa 2 |- |2016 |''Kisan kai'' |Jess |Fim: "Babban Bang" |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |''Ellen'' |Ellen |Fim din talabijin |- |''Penny mai ban tsoro'' |Justine |Abubuwa 6 |- |2017–2019 |''Ƙarshen Duniya ta F***'' |Alyssa |Babban rawar da take takawa |- |2019 |''Ɗan rago na Allah'' |'Yar'uwa Carla |Abubuwa 4 |- |2020 |''Abubuwa Mafi Kyau'' |Shi da kansa |Abubuwa 2 |- |2020 |''Labaran Birane'' |Barbra Streisand |Fim: "Lokacin da Joan ta sumbace Barbra" |- |2021 |''Kayan kaza na robot'' |Rey, Sarkin haruffa |Matsayin murya; Abubuwa 4 |- |2022 |''Yankin ta'' |Jane |Babban rawar da take takawa |- |2023 |''Kai da Ni'' |Emma |Babban rawar da take takawa |- | rowspan="3" |2023–2024 | rowspan="3" |''Labaran Tsoro na Amurka'' |Dabbobi |Kashi: "Dabba" |- |Shugabar jefawa |Fim: "Tapeworm" |- |Hailey Doherty |Fim: "Leprechaun" |- |2024 |''Dune: Annabci'' |Matashi Valya Harkonnen | |- |2026 |''Monster: Labarin Lizzie Borden'' |Nance O'Neil |Abubuwa 4 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Murderous Cast of Monster: The Lizzie Borden Story |url=https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/monster-the-lizzie-borden-story-cast-guide |url-status=live |access-date=17 September 2026 |website=Tudum Netflix}}</ref> |- |2027 |''Cadburys''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toby Regbo, Harry Gilby and Jessica Barden lead cast for The Cadburys - the true story of the Cadbury family - with filming now underway in Birmingham |url=https://corporate.uktv.co.uk/newsroom/toby-regbo-harry-gilby-jessica-barden-lead-cast-the-cadburys |access-date=29 July 2026 |website=corporate.uktv.co.uk}}</ref> |Maria | |} === Rediyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2021 |''SteelHeads'' |Joleen |Babban rawar da take takawa |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Mai zane !Waƙar |- |2019 |Conan Gray |"Maniac" |- |2019 |Ozzy Osbourne |"A ƙarƙashin Kabari" |- |} == Mataki == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2018 |''Makarantar Dare'' |Sally |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Harold Pinter, London |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="95%" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyukan da aka zaba !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- |2011 |Kyautar Fim ta London Critics' Circle |Matashi na Burtaniya na Shekara |''Tamara Drewe''| {{Nom}} |<ref name="awards">{{Cite web |title=Jessica Barden Awards |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1875238/awards/?ref_=nm_awd |access-date=24 October 2022 |website=IMDb (Index source only)}}</ref><ref name="31st London Critics’ Circle nominations">{{Cite web |date=20 December 2010 |title=31st London Critics' Circle nominations |url=http://www.awardsdaily.com/2010/12/31st-london-critics-circle-film-awards-nominations// |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329124738/http://www.awardsdaily.com/2010/12/31st-london-critics-circle-film-awards-nominations/ |archive-date=29 March 2012 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=awardsdaily.com}}</ref> |- |2015 |Fitowa ta Duniya | colspan="2" |Taurari na Gobe| {{Won}} |<ref name="awards" /> |- |2018 |BAFTA | colspan="2" |Ci gaban Britaniya| {{Won}} |<ref name="brit" /> |- |2018 |[[IMDb|Kyautar IMDb]] |Kyautar Taurari Masu Fitowa |Ƙarshen Duniya, ''Scarborough'', ''Sabon Romantic''| {{Won}} |<ref name="awards" /> |- |2019 |Kyautar Fim Mai Zaman Kanta ta Burtaniya (BIFA) | rowspan="2" |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin | rowspan="2" |''Scarborough''| {{Nom}} |<ref name="awards" /><ref name="bifa" /> |- |2020 |Kyautar Fim ta Kasa ta Burtaniya| {{Nom}} |<ref name="awards" /><ref name="nfa" /> |- |2020 |Kyautar NME 2020 | colspan="2" |Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin| {{Won}} |<ref name="nme">{{Cite web |last=Will Richards |date=12 February 2020 |title=Jessica Barden wins Best TV Actor at NME Awards 2020 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/tv/jessica-barden-wins-best-tv-actor-at-nme-awards-2020-2609848 |website=nme.com}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0hhzqvv97ueeh43k57k38qvcdly408m 0 177074 966798 965485 2026-10-12T12:07:16Z Nura Bello 24854 966798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carlos Alcaraz Garfia''' {{Efn|{{IPA|es|ˈkaɾlos alkaˈɾaθ ˈɣaɾfja|lang}};<ref>{{cite web |title=The pronunciation by Carlos Alcaraz himself |url=https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |work=ATPWorldTour.com |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412223748/https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |url-status=live}} </ref>}} (an haife shi ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[tennis]] ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. An sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a duniya a gasar maza marasa aure ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Tennis (ATP) tsawon makonni 66, kuma ya kammala a matsayin na 1 a ƙarshen shekara a 2022 da [[Tafiya ta ATP ta 2025|2025]] . Alcaraz ya lashe kofuna 26 na matakin ATP Tour, ciki har da manyan gasa bakwai da kuma kofuna takwas na ATP Masters 1000 . Shi ne mutum na tara kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a cikin 'yan wasa marasa aure. Alcaraz, wanda matashi ne, ya lashe gasar karshe ta Next Gen ATP kuma ya lashe kyautar sabon shiga na ATP na shekarar 2020. A shekarar 2022, Alcaraz ya lashe babban kambunsa na farko a gasar US Open . Ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a Zamanin Buɗewa da aka sanya shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya, a 19 shekaru, 130 kwanaki da suka wuce, kuma sun kammala shekarar a matsayin mafi ƙarancin shekaru a ƙarshen shekara a tarihin ATP . Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Wimbledon a shekarar 2023, inda ya doke zakaran gasar [[Novak Djokovic]] sau bakwai a wasan karshe . A shekarar 2024, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar French Open ta farko kuma ya kare kambunsa a Wimbledon, inda ya zama matashin da ya lashe gasar " Channel Slam ". A shekarar 2025, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan karshe na tarihi don lashe gasar French Open, da kuma gasar US Open, sannan ya kare a matsayin lamba 1 a duniya a karo na biyu. A shekarar 2026, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Grand Slam ta bakwai a gasar Australian Open, kuma ya zama matashin da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a shekarar. 22 shekaru, 272 kwanaki da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes Career Grand Slam &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2026-career-grand-slam |access-date=6 July 2026 |website=Atptour.com}}</ref> An san shi da salon wasansa na faɗa da kuma nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri. == Farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Carlos Alcaraz Garfia a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003, a El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, ga iyaye Carlos Alcaraz González da Virginia Garfia Escandón. Alcaraz yana da babban ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Álvaro, da ƙannensa biyu, Sergio da Jaime. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz's Family: All About the Tennis Champion's Parents and Siblings |url=https://people.com/all-about-carlos-alcaraz-family-parents-siblings-7814256 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara buga wasan tennis yana da shekaru huɗu a Real Sociedad Club de Campo de Murcia, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance kocin wasan tennis kuma mai kula da kulob. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar tallace-tallace a IKEA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Se Destapa En Vogue |url=http://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifin Alcaraz ya taɓa buga wasan tennis amma ya daina neman sana'arsa ta ƙwararru tun yana matashi, domin ba zai iya biyan kuɗin sa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moya |first=Francisco J. |date=6 April 2022 |title=El abuelo de Carlos Alcaraz, de la receta de las tres 'C' a la "alegría, el orgullo y el alivio" |url=https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021526/https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=La Verdad |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Mi padre tenía muchas raquetas y el club estaba al lado de casa" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.amp.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=www.lavanguardia.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko da Babolat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=28 October 2025 |title=Who are Carlos Alcaraz's big sponsors? Massive Nike deal and stripping to his underwear for Calvin Klein |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-features/carlos-alcarazs-sponsors-20m-nike-deal-chief-progress-officer |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya kalli yadda yake fafatawa yana da shekaru 11, wakilin IMG Albert Molina ya gane Carlos a matsayin fitaccen mai baiwa kuma ya nemi shawo kan iyayensa su yi aiki tare da shi; mahaifinsa ya amince a ƙarshe lokacin da Carlos yake da shekaru 12. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signed At 12, Carlos Alcaraz Investment Now Paying Rich Dividends {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/how-carlos-alcaraz-has-built-a-winning-team |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2025 |title=Who Sits in Carlos Alcaraz's Player's Box? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/articles/sits-carlos-alcarazs-players-box-130000828.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Yahoo Life |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title="Carlos and I are almost the same person, we think the same way" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/exclusive-interview-with-alcaraz-coach-juan-carlos-ferrero-carlos-and-i-are-almost-the-same-person-we-think-the-same-way-670345.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz yakan kasance tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Álvaro, wanda ke aiki a matsayin abokin wasansa na bugun ƙwallo kuma mataimakin kocinsa. A lokacin hutun kakar wasa ta tennis, yana zaune a gidan iyayensa da ke Murcia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz is already training on the clay in Murcia with his sights set on Paris 2024 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/07/18/alcaraz-is-already-training-on-the-clay-in-murcia-with-his-sights-set-on-paris-2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Abokansa da iyalansa suna kiransa "Carlitos" ko "Charly". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=1 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals the nickname has given himself |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-nickname-carlitos-interview-press-conference |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Shi [[Cocin katolika|ɗan Katolika]] ne, kuma ya sami albarka daga firistoci kafin manyan gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz makes time for blessing amid US Open pressure |url=https://aleteia.org/2025/08/25/heres-the-catholic-way-carlos-alcaraz-prepares-for-us-open/ |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Macken: The athletic side of the newest saints |url=https://bccatholic.ca/voices/pat-macken-bccath/macken-the-athletic-side-of-the-newest-saints |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=The B.C. Catholic |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙarami == A lokacin yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya fafata a wajen Spain a karon farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 10 a Croatia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz – the Birth of One Boy's Dreams, the Death of One Man's Hopes {{!}} InsideTennis.com |url=https://www.insidetennis.com/2023/06/carlos-alcaraz-the-birth-of-one-boys-dreams-the-death-of-one-mans-hopes/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya sha kashi a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=The 'brutal charisma' and staggering game of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/33944927/heir-apparent-carlos-alcaraz-ready-complete-tennis-takeover-2022-french-open |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya zama memba na hukuma a ƙungiyar Babolat, daga baya ya shiga jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da suka fi shahara a duniya tun yana ɗan shekara 13. A shekarar 2015, Alcaraz ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 12 ta Rafa Nadal Tour Masters, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=James |date=1 August 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's little brother notches a win on Rafa Nadal Tour |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcarazs-little-brother-jaime-notches-win-rafa-nadal-tour |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Alcaraz ta ji daɗin kakar wasa mai ban mamaki a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14. Ya lashe XIV Taça Internacional Maia Jovem, ya doke Daniel Rincón a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz and Radulova reign on clay in Maia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F111601%2FAlcaraz-and-Radulova-reign-on-clay-in-Maia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya kama Babolat Cup. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U12 Babolat Cup International Masters Finals – Roberta Gaskell Crowned Champion – Yorkshire Tennis |url=https://www.yorkshiretennis.org.uk/u12-babolat-cup-international-masters-finals-roberta-gaskell-crowned-champion/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wannan bazarar, ya taimaka wa Spain lashe Kofin bazara na Turai na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=10 July 2017 |title=Spain and Ukraine win 14&U European Summer Cups |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/45284/spain-and-ukraine-win-14ampu-european-summer-cups/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar Sipaniya da ta zo ta biyu zuwa Switzerland a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa na Duniya ta ITF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's younger brother is now set to follow in his footsteps this year |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcarazs-younger-brother-is-now-set-to-follow-in-his-footsteps-this-year/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da haɓɓakarsa a shekarar 2018. A watan Yuli, ya lashe gasar Dutch Junior Open, inda ya doke Filip Kolasinski a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TC Bakkum Dutch Junior Open 2018 |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/tc-bakkum-dutch-junior-open-2018/ned/2018/j-g2-ned-01a-2018/draws-and-results/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma makonni bayan haka ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta hanyar doke Elmer Møller . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz & Bartone victorious at European 16&U Championships |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/121329/Alcaraz-Bartone-victorious-at-European-16U-Championships |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar a gasar cin kofin Junior Davis da aka yi a Budapest, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar cin kofin Spain, inda ya ceci maki a wasa yayin da yake bin Harold Mayot a wasanni daya-daya kafin ya dawo ya lashe wasan da ya fi daukar hankali bayan Faransa ta fara jagoranci. <ref name="ChildhoodCoach">{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 May 2023 |title='This boy was born to be No 1': the making of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601065251/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moran |first=Tom |date=30 September 2018 |title=SPAIN WINS 2018 JUNIOR DAVIS CUP AFTER COMEBACK VICTORY |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/spain-wins-junior-davis-cup-after-comeback-victory/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2019, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar J300 Villena, inda ya doke Illya Beloborodko a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena \ Trofeo Juan Carlos Ferrero (Villena), J300 Boys, 2019-03-26 Tennis Results |url=https://www.coretennis.net/majic/pageServer/0r0100000c/en/tid/73829/Tournament-Rounds.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.coretennis.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/j300-villena/esp/2025/j-j300-esp-2025-001/champions/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a gasar Tennis Europe Junior Tour a shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From European Junior Champion to record breaker: Carlos Alcaraz Garfia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/127560/From-European-Junior-Champion-to-record-breaker-Carlos-Alcaraz-Garfia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ƙarami, ya samu matsayi mafi girma a duniya a fannin aiki na lamba 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia 2025: biography, Career, Net Worth, earnings and titles |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis-player/1348/carlos-alcaraz-garfia/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tennisworldusa.org}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwararru == === 2018–2020: Farawar farko ta ƙwararren ɗan wasa === A watan Fabrairun 2018, yana da shekaru 14, Alcaraz ya buga wasan tennis na farko na ƙwararru a matsayin wanda zai fafata a gasar Spain F5 ITF Futures da ke Murcia. Ya fitar da Federico Gaio, ɗan wasa na biyu kuma ɗan wasa na duniya mai lamba 292 a zagayen farko, kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata. Ya tattara maki biyu na farko na ATP daga wannan gasa, kuma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa na duniya na 1414 a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: How Covid has kept a lid on this mercurial talent |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-how-covid-has-kept-a-lid-on-this-mercurial-talent/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2019, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 15, ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar Challenger wasa a JC Ferrero Challenger da ke Villena. Ya yi nasara a zagayen farko da wani matashi mai suna [[Jannik Sinner]] mai shekaru 17, wanda ya yi nasara a wasanni goma sha shida a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenger TV: Watch Carlos Alcaraz & Jannik Sinner's first meeting ahead of French Open clash |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/watch-alcaraz-sinner-first-meeting-alicante-2019#:~:text=A%2015-year-old%20Alcaraz,one%20hour%20and%2050%20minutes. |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasan Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=3 April 2024 |title=Five Years of Fire: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Jannik Sinner's First Encounter |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/143738/five-years-of-fire-carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner-s-first-encounter/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu da Lukáš Rosol, ɗan wasa na takwas. Mako guda bayan haka a gasar Murcia Open, ya doke Pedro Martínez na biyar a matsayi na biyar kuma na duniya mai lamba 140 a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Addicott |first=Adam |date=10 April 2019 |title=Emulating Nadal, 15-year-old Carlos Alcaraz Stuns Top 150 Player On Challenger Tour |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2019/04/emulating-nadal-15-year-old-carlos-alcaraz-stuns-top-150-player-challenger-tour/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=UBITENNIS |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da lashe kofuna hudu na Challenger, uku daga cikinsu kafin ya kai shekara 18. Shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya kai wasan cin kofin Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Challenger Trieste: 17-year-old Alcaraz wins first title |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/atp-challenger-trieste-17-year-old-alcaraz-wins-first-title |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, yana da shekaru 16, Alcaraz ya fara buga babban wasansa na ATP a Rio Open bayan ya sami katin gargadi na babban wasan guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Carlos Alcaraz grabs 2020 Rio Open wild card for an ATP debut |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215222514/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |archive-date=15 February 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Ya doke Albert Ramos Viñolas, ɗan wasa na duniya na 41, a tseren marathon mai tsawon sa'o'i uku da mintuna 37. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz, 16, Wins ATP Tour Debut In Rio |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/garin-andujar-alcaraz-rio-2020-monday |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe gasar ATP Tour, kuma ya cimma wannan nasarar kafin a haifi kowa a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=18 February 2020 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia, the first player born in 2003 to win an ATP Tour match! |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/ATP_Tennis/84227/carlos-alcaraz-garfia-the-first-player-born-in-2003-to-win-an-atp-tour-match/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=16 April 2025 |title=Diego Dedura-Palomero celebrates wildly after emulating Sinner, Alcaraz, Fonseca |url=https://www.tennis365.com/atp-tour/first-player-born-each-year-win-atp-match-featuring-carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-diego-dedura-palomero |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu ta hannun Federico Coria . A watan Satumba na 2020, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 17, ya buga zagaye na farko na cancantar shiga gasar French Open da aka dage. Ya riƙe maki biyu a wasanni don kayar da Aleksandar Vukic a jere, amma ya ƙare da rashin nasara a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vukic saves two match points in Roland Garros win |url=https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121112837/https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=Tennis Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> === 2021: Gasar ATP ta farko, Zakaran Next Gen === Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a babban wasan da aka buga a gasar Australian Open ta 2021 . Shi ne mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya cancanci shiga gasar tun bayan [[Novak Djokovic]] a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":023">{{Cite web |title=Parallels with Rafa mean no escape for Alcaraz |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/features/parallels-rafa-mean-no-escape-alcaraz |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ausopen.com |language=en}}</ref> Yayin da aka dage babban jadawalin wasannin saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Alcaraz ya buga gasar Great Ocean Road Open a farkon watan Fabrairu, inda Thiago Monteiro ya kayar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiago Monteiro vs. Carlos Alcaraz Melbourne 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/8998/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da aka yi canjaras a gasar Australian Open, Alcaraz ya doke Botic van de Zandschulp a jere. Shi ne kaɗai matashi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka wuce zagaye na farko, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasa a babban wasa. <ref name=":023" /> A zagaye na biyu, Mikael Ymer ya kayar da Alcaraz. [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2021]] Alcaraz ya buga gasannin Challenger da ATP Tour a duk lokacin bazara, ciki har da Gran Canaria Challenger II da Open Occitanie . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco Trungelliti vs. Carlos Alcaraz Gran Canaria 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9458/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallon Griekspoor vs. Carlos Alcaraz Montpellier 2021 1st Round Qualifying &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/375/qs013 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya samu kyaututtuka a gasar Mexican Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun zakaran da ya lashe Alexander Zverev a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Zverev vs. Carlos Alcaraz Acapulco 2021 Round of 32 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/807/ms031 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> a gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Frances Tiafoe a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frances Tiafoe vs. Carlos Alcaraz Barcelona 2021 Round of 64 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/425/ms041 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> da kuma a gasar Andalucía Open, inda ya doke Nikola Milojevic, Feliciano Lopez, da kuma Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na uku a gasar ATP, inda ya shiga gasar ATP mafi zurfi a rayuwarsa. Ya sha kashi a hannun ɗan ƙasarsa Jaume Munar a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaume Munar vs. Carlos Alcaraz Marbella 2021 Semi-Finals &#124; Estadísticas de Partido |url=https://www.atptour.com/es/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9462/ms003 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami nasara a gasar Miami Open, inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na farko a hannun Emil Ruusuvuori . Wannan shine farkon bayyanarsa a gasar ATP Masters 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emil Ruusuvuori vs. Carlos Alcaraz Miami 2021 Round of 128 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/403/ms081 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> An sake ba shi wani kyautar ATP 1000 a gasar Madrid Open . Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar a tarihin gasar bayan ya sha kaye a zagaye na farko a hannun Adrian Mannarino, inda ya karya tarihin da [[Rafael Nadal]] ya kafa a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ya haɗu da Nadal a karon farko da suka haɗu a fagen wasa, kuma ya sha kashi a hannun sa a wasanni biyu a ranar da ya cika shekaru goma sha takwas da haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz on 'Dream' Nadal Clash: 'It's the Best Birthday Present' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504040630/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar Challenger Oeiras III a matsayin ɗan wasa mara matsayi, kuma ya doke Facundo Bagnis a wasan ƙarshe don lashe kambun Challenger na huɗu a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Claims Historic Fourth Challenger Crown |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601170732/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Alcaraz Triumphs at Oeiras Open Challenger |url=https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175712/https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, ya tashi daga matsayi na 114 zuwa na 94 a cikin jerin 'yan wasa na ATP. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 100, da kuma ƙaramin ɗan wasa a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz moves into the top 100 with a Challenger win in Oeiras |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-moves-into-the-top-100-with-a-challenger-win-in-oeiras |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":133">{{Cite web |last=Battersby |first=Kate |date=29 June 2021 |title=Alcaraz making a name |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-06-29/teenager_alcaraz_making_name_for_himself.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> Alcaraz ya samu damar shiga gasar French Open cikin sauƙi, kuma ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Jan-Lennard Struff ya kayar da shi. Shi ne mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai zagaye na uku a Roland Garros cikin shekaru 29, kuma shi ne mafi ƙarami da ya kai wannan matsayi a kowace babbar gasa tun bayan Nadal a 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest man to reach third round in Paris in 29 years |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/alcaraz-becomes-youngest-man-to-reach-third-round-in-paris-in-29-years/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a Wimbledon ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. A zagaye na farko, ya doke Yasutaka Uchiyama a wasan farko na zagaye biyar a rayuwarsa. <ref name=":133" /> Daniil Medvedev, mai lamba 2 a duniya, ya sha kaye a zagaye na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=Alix |date=1 July 2021 |title=Medvedev too strong for teenager |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-07-01/medvedev_too_strong_for_teenager_alcaraz.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Umag Open, inda ya doke Richard Gasquet don lashe gasar ATP ta farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2021 |title=No escaping Carlos Alcaraz: 18-year-old becomes youngest ATP champion since 2008 in Umag |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/umag-atp-250-atp/no-escaping-carlos-alcaraz-18-year-old-becomes-youngest-atp-champion-since-2008-in-umag-436105.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne zakaran ATP mafi ƙarami tun Kei Nishikori a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joao Fonseca makes history in Buenos Aires, wins first ATP Tour title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/cerundolo-fonseca-buenos-aires-2025-final |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A zagaye na uku na gasar US Open, Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas na duniya na 3 a wasan da suka buga a filin wasa na Arthur Ashe a zagaye na biyar. Yana da shekaru 18 da watanni huɗu, Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya doke ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa uku a gasar US Open tun lokacin da aka fara gasar ATP a shekarar 1973. Ya kuma zama mafi ƙarancin mutum a babban zagaye na huɗu tun bayan Andrei Medvedev mai shekaru 17 a gasar French Open ta 1992, kuma mafi ƙarancin mutum a zagaye na huɗu na gasar US Open tun bayan Michael Chang mai shekaru 17 a 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Records Biggest Career Win, Shocks Stefanos Tsitsipas in US Open Thriller |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904001025/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=Alcaraz, 18, stuns Tsitsipas; Tiafoe tops Rublev |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904010845/https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata fainal ta hanyar doke Peter Gojowczyk wanda ya yi nasara a wasan share fage. Ya zama ɗan wasan kwata-kwata na maza na US Open a Zamanin Buɗe Ido, mafi ƙarancin shekaru tun Thomaz Koch a 1963, kuma mafi ƙarami a kowane babban gasa tun Michael Chang a Gasar French Open ta 1990 . Ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da Félix Auger-Aliassime a zagayen kwata-kwata bayan ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Latest: Alcaraz says leg muscle made him stop at Open |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611083455/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, an zabi Alcaraz a matsayi na 30 a gasar ATP Masters 1000, amma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko a hannun [[Andy Murray]] . A gasar Vienna Open makonni biyu bayan haka, Alcaraz ya haɗu da Murray don sake fafatawa kuma ya kayar da shi. Daga nan ya doke Matteo Berrettini, ɗan wasa na 7 a duniya, inda ya lashe gasar a matsayi na biyu a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 a rayuwarsa, sannan ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 35 a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=In his win over Matteo Berrettini, Carlos Alcaraz showed that blurring speed and crisp technique can still prevail against a bigger opponent |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/in-his-win-over-matteo-berrettini-carlos-alcaraz-showed-that-blurring-speed-and- |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=On-song Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final %%page%% – Tennis Majors Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/on-song-zverev-outguns-alcaraz-to-reach-vienna-final-509336.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Paris Masters, Alcaraz ta yi nasara ta uku a kan [[Jannik Sinner|Jannik Sinner,]] ɗan wasa na takwas a gasar ATP a karon farko da suka fafata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigal |first=Joseph |date=3 November 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz stuns Jannik Sinner to open ATP Finals door for Hubert Hurkacz and Cameron Norrie |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-stuns-jannik-sinner-to-open-atp-finals-door-for-hubert-hurkacz-and-cameron-norrie/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennishead |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da haka, a zagaye na 16, Alcaraz bai iya jurewa da jama'ar gida masu cike da tashin hankali suna goyon bayan ɗan Faransa Hugo Gaston ba kuma ya sha kashi a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=5 November 2021 |title=Alcaraz blown away by the most remarkable set of tennis seen in 2021 |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-gaston-paris-comeback |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kammala kakar wasa a gasar Next Gen ATP Finals ; ya cancanci zama na uku a bayan Sinner da Auger-Alissime, amma ya zama na farko bayan sun janye. Ya mamaye zagayen da aka yi don lashe kambun, inda ya fadi wasa daya kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz leaves NextGen behind with Milan magic – Roland-Garros – The official site |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/magic-carlos-alcaraz-wins-nextgen-2021-milan |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us}}</ref> === 2022: Zakaran gasar US Open, lamba 1 a duniya === An zabi Alcaraz a karon farko a wani babban gasa a gasar Australian Open . Ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Matteo Berrettini ya sha kashi a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Carlos Alcaraz Has Done Quicker Than the Big Three |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053743/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=19 January 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan daga baya zai zama wani tabo na musamman a tarihin nasarar da Alcaraz ya samu a jere a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-30 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals how he kept five-set streak alive in Australian Open epic |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-australian-open-five-set-record-zverev-b2910771.html |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A gasar Rio Open, Alcaraz ya lashe kambunsa na farko na ATP 500 ta hanyar doke Diego Schwartzman a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rises to Career-High After Rio de Janeiro Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221233858/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan ƙaramin wanda ya lashe gasar ATP 500 tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri rukunin a shekarar 2009. Ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 mafiya hazaka a gasar ATP a karon farko a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2022. A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran kare kambun Cameron Norrie inda ya kai zagayen farko na wasan kusa da na karshe na ATP Masters 1000, wanda ya sha kashi a hannun [[Rafael Nadal]] . Makonni biyu bayan haka, a gasar Miami Open, Alcaraz ya doke Casper Ruud don lashe kambunsa na farko na 1000. Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar tseren gudu ta maza a tarihin gasar, haka kuma shi ne zakaran tseren gudu ta ATP Masters 1000 na maza mafi ƙaranci tun bayan [[Rafael Nadal]] a Monte-Carlo a 2005. Shi ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Spain na farko da ya lashe gasar Miami. A Monte-Carlo, Alcaraz ya fusata da Sebastian Korda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz exits in windy Monte Carlo against unseeded Sebastian Korda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909091103/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a zagayen kwata na karshe na gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 10 mafiya kwarewa a duniya a karon farko a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=ATP Barcelona: Carlos Alcaraz downs Stefanos Tsitsipas and writes history |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612145924/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas in Barcelona Open thriller to guarantee spot in world's top-10 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-barcelona/2022/carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-in-barcelona-open-thriller-to-guarantee-spot-in-world-s-top-_sto8896118/story.shtml |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya zama mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 tun bayan Nadal a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2005, daidai shekaru 17 da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Alcaraz Downs Tsitsipas Again, Reaches Barcelona Semis |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611054850/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=7 May 2022 |publisher=Tennis Now}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Straight-A Student' Carlos Alcaraz Makes Historic Top 10 Breakthrough |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620021504/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Pablo Carreño Busta inda ya lashe kofin Barcelona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Amazing Alcaraz Wins Barcelona Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=24 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Kwana bayan cikarsa shekaru 19, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran duniya sau biyar, mai lamba 4 a duniya kuma na uku [[Rafael Nadal]] a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar Madrid Open . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Takes Out Rafael Nadal in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506172936/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan ita ce nasarar farko da Alcaraz ya samu a kan Nadal, kuma ita ce haduwarsu ta ƙarshe a matakin Tour. Washegari, Alcaraz ya fuskanci [[Novak Djokovic|Novak Djokovic,]] ɗan wasan duniya na 1, a karon farko da ya haɗu. Bayan sa'o'i uku da mintuna talatin da shida, Alcaraz ya yi nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na uku. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya ci nasara a wasa da lamba 1 a duniya tun bayan Nadal a 2004, kuma ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo da ya taɓa kayar da Nadal da Djokovic a jere a kan yumbu. A wasan ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya wargaza zakaran kare kambun kuma ɗan wasa na 3 a duniya Alexander Zverev cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna huɗu. Ya zama zakara mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin gasar a 19 shekaru, 3 kwanaki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=History-Maker: Alcaraz Continues Rewriting The History Books |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702192848/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, Alcaraz ya hau matsayi mafi girma a duniya a matsayi na 6. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Defeats Alexander Zverev for Madrid Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509071148/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa Alcaraz zai zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so a gasar French Open . A wasan zagaye na biyu da ya yi da Albert Ramos Viñolas, an kai shi zagaye biyar kuma an tilasta masa ya ceci maki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=22 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Londero: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055351/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=28 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Korda: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055352/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz Breaks New Ground With Khachanov Win In Paris |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530163456/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar Wimbledon, Alcaraz ta sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a zagaye na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2022: Jannik Sinner holds on to sink Carlos Alcaraz to make quarter-finals at SW19 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/wimbledon/2022/wimbledon-2022-jannik-sinner-holds-on-to-down-carlos-alcaraz-to-make-quarter-finals-at-sw19_sto9017773/story.shtml |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> A gasar Hamburg Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a karon farko a wasan karshe na ATP da Lorenzo Musetti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2022 |title=Musetti Stuns Alcaraz In Hamburg For His First ATP Tour Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724210823/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, wannan sakamakon ya kai shi ga wani sabon matsayi a duniya a matsayi na 5 a duniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli; ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 5 tun bayan Nadal a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top-5 Alcaraz Sets All-Next Gen Final with Musetti |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724073733/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=24 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Alcaraz Makes History, Cracks Top 5: 'It's Pretty Amazing' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727133536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe na biyu a jere a gasar Croatia Open Umag, a wani rashin nasara da [[Jannik Sinner]] ya yi. Ya zama lamba 4 a duniya a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rides Hot Start into Umag SFS |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730055941/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Beats Giulio Zeppieri to Reach Umag Final |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730195301/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022]] Saurin Alcaraz na Arewacin Amurka bai fara da kyau ba: ya fusata da Tommy Paul a karon farko a gasar Canadian Open, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TNT Sports is not available in your region |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=www.tntsports.co.uk}}</ref> da Cameron Norrie a wasan kwata-kwata na Cincinnati Open . Kafin gasar US Open, Alcaraz, [[Rafael Nadal]], Casper Ruud, Daniil Medvedev, da Stefanos Tsitsipas duk suna fafatawa don lashe matsayi na 1 a duniya . A zagaye na huɗu, Alcaraz ya doke tsohon zakaran Marin Čilić a zagaye biyar, kuma ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata na US Open a lokacin Open Era . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=usopen|title=Carlitos is finding success in New York at a young age. https://t.co/fOpdx9ncC2|date=6 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907041535/https://twitter.com/usopen/status/1567035942849888259|archive-date=7 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A zagayen kwata na ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ceci maki a wasa a zagaye na huɗu kafin ya murmure ya yi nasara a zagaye biyar da [[Jannik Sinner]] . Wasan ya ɗauki awanni biyar da mintuna goma sha biyar, kuma ya sami nasarar ƙarshe a tarihin gasar da ƙarfe 2:50 na safe EST. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Open: Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jannik Sinner in five-hour epic to reach semi-finals |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12692535/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-jannik-sinner-in-five-hour-epic-to-reach-semi-finals |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasa na uku a jere da ci biyar a jere inda ya doke Frances Tiafoe . [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz,_Swiss_Indoors_Basel_2022.jpg|thumb| Carlos Alcaraz, ɗan wasan Switzerland na cikin gida Basel 2022.]] Daga nan Alcaraz ya hadu da Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na biyar a jerin 'yan wasa na ƙarshe a babban wasansa na farko, wasan da ya ninka a matsayin bugun fenariti ga matsayi na 1 a duniya. Alcaraz ya lashe wasan a zagaye hudu inda ya lashe babban kofi na farko. Ya zama ƙarami a lamba 1 a tarihin ATP Rankings a 19 shekaru, 130 Kwanaki, sun karya tarihin Lleyton Hewitt, kuma na biyu mafi karancin shekaru bayan Lew Hoad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz wins US Open title & rises to world No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912002152/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name="ATPWorldNo1">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest world No. 1 in Pepperstone ATP rankings history |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912000636/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Youngest Year-End ATP No. 1 Presented By Pepperstone In History |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116111255/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya kuma zama zakaran gasar maza mafi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Nadal a gasar French Open ta 2005, mafi ƙanƙanta zakaran US Open tun bayan Pete Sampras a 1990, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarun 2000 da ya lashe babban kambun 'yan wasa ɗaya. Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta ƙare cikin sauƙi. Ya sha kashi a wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na ɗaya a duniya a hannun Félix Auger-Aliassime a gasar cin kofin Davis Cup ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz loses debut as world No. 1 to Félix Auger-Aliassime in Davis Cup Finals meeting |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020537/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun David Goffin a zagayen farko na gasar Astana Open, sannan ya sake shan kashi a hannun Auger-Aliassime a Basel . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2022 |title=In-Form Felix Flies Past Alcaraz In Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030165358/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe na gasar Paris Masters, amma ya yi ritaya bayan ya koma Holger Rune . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2022 |title=Rune into Paris semis after Alcaraz retires, Djokovic advances |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020525/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Kwana guda bayan haka, ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni a cikin ciki wanda ya tilasta masa korar makwanni shida, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa kammala kakar wasa da wuri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livie |first=Alex |date=6 November 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz facing six weeks out with injury, will miss ATP Finals and Davis Cup in 'tough and painful' blow |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115070641/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A lokacin yana da shekaru 19 da kwanaki 214, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar a matsayin ƙarami kuma matashi na farko a duniya a matsayin lamba 1 a zamanin ATP, kuma na biyu mafi ƙarami a tarihin duniya bayan Hoad. <ref name=":0" /> === 2023: Zakaran Wimbledon === [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Roland_Garros_2023_cropped2.jpg|right|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2023]] A ranar 7 ga Janairu, Alcaraz ya sanar da janyewarsa daga gasar Australian Open saboda raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa ta dama yayin atisaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Australian Open 2023: World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Grand Slam tournament due to leg injury |url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107033406/https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayi na ɗaya a duniya tsawon makonni 20, amma ya sha kaye bayan gasar ga zakaran [[Novak Djokovic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Djokovic Returns To No. 1, Mover Of Week |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208002730/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |access-date=8 February 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa a gasar Argentina Open, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko. Ya doke Cameron Norrie a wasan ƙarshe a jere, inda ya lashe kofinsa na farko tun bayan gasar US Open ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2023 |title=Tennis, ATP – Argentina Open 2023: Alcaraz wins the final against Norrie |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/argentina-open-alcaraz-wins-the-title-661801.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar Rio Open, inda yake kare kambun, shi ma da Norrie; duk da haka, ya ƙara masa rauni a ƙafarsa a lokacin wasan kuma ya sha kashi a wasanni uku. Alcaraz ya janye daga gasar Mexican Open, yana mai cewa raunin da ya samu kenan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Both Alcaraz and Norrie withdraw from Acapulco |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/both-alcaraz-and-norrie-withdraw-from-acapulco-663856.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi nasarar cin nasara ta 100 a rayuwarsa da Tallon Griekspoor, wanda shi ne ɗan wasa na 31 a gasar a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗan wasa na biyu mafi sauri da ya kai wannan matsayi bayan John McEnroe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz 'really proud' to reach milestone before Djokovic, Nadal and Federer |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315145121/https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer/ |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=tennishead.net}}</ref> Ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe da kuma Daniil Medvedev a wasan karshe don daukar kofin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=SF Preview: Alcaraz, Sinner Renew Rivalry In Indian Wells |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2023-sf-preview |access-date=25 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe gasar Indian Wells ba tare da ya faɗi ko ɗaya ba tun bayan [[Roger Federer]] a shekarar 2017, kuma shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Sunshine Double a duka ƙungiyoyin biyu. Sakamakon haka, ya sake samun matsayi na 1 a duniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Alcaraz Wins Indian Wells, Returns To World No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320085101/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya yi fatan kammala gasar Sunshine Double a Miami, inda ya kasance zakaran da ke kare kambun. Ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe ba tare da ya fadi ko da wasa daya ba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Jannik Sinner a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinner Storms Back To Beat Alcaraz In Miami SF, Ending Spaniard's No. 1 Reign |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-miami-2023-sf |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Da rashin maki na kambunsa, Alcaraz ya koma matsayi na 2 a jerin 'yan wasa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2023 |title=Jannik Sinner wins the point of the year, then ends Carlos Alcaraz's hopes for a Sunshine Double |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402045713/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> An shirya Alcaraz zai buga wasa a Monte-Carlo Masters a mako mai zuwa, amma ya janye saboda raunin da ya samu a hannunsa na hagu da kuma rashin jin daɗin tsoka a kashin bayansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Rafael Nadal, Carlos Alcaraz pull out of Monte Carlo Masters |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524225356/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a wasan ƙarshe na gasar Barcelona Open don kare kambunsa ba tare da ya faɗi ko da wasa ɗaya ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas to retain title |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524235345/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kare kambunsa a gasar Madrid Open, inda ya doke Jan-Lennard Struff don lashe kambunsa na goma a rayuwarsa, sannan ya ƙara rinjayensa a kan yumbun Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Makes History with 10th Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508000728/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> A gasar Italian Open, Alcaraz ya dawo da matsayi na 1 daga hannun Djokovic ta hanyar buga wasansa na zagaye na biyu. Duk da haka, ya fusata a zagaye na uku da Fabian Marozsan, wanda ya zo na 135 a duniya a jere, a cikin abin da Jon Wertheim ya kira babban tashin hankali na shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabian Marozsan Beats Carlos Alcaraz in Rome Upset |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522152536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday/ |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> Alcaraz ya faɗi wasa ɗaya kacal kafin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Roland-Garros, inda ya haɗu da [[Novak Djokovic]] a karo na biyu na wasansu na aiki. Wannan fafatawa ce da ake sa ran yi, domin mutanen biyu ba su buga wasa ba sama da shekara guda duk da ci gaba da fafatawar da suke yi a matsayi na 1 a duniya. Wasan ya kasance mai gasa har sai da Alcaraz ya yi kasa a gwiwa a farkon saitin na uku saboda ciwon baya da matsin lamba na kwakwalwa da kuma karfin jiki; Djokovic ya yi nasara a zagaye hudu, inda ya ci gasar kuma ya sake samun matsayi na 1. <ref name="CrampVsDjokovic">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Djokovic beats cramping Alcaraz, into French final |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/37826198/novak-djokovic-beats-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-french-open-final |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_2023_Gentlemen's_Singles_Trophy.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz yana riƙe da Kofin Kalubalen 'Yan Wasan Gentlemen bayan ya lashe Gasar Wimbledon ta 2023]] A gasar Queen's Club, Alcaraz ya lashe kofinsa na farko a kan ciyawa a gasarsa ta uku da aka yi a matakin Tour, inda ya doke Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe. Wannan nasarar ta kuma mayar da shi matsayin lamba 1 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Sean |date=26 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Queen's and declares himself a 'favourite' for Wimbledon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225946/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |archive-date=6 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Duk da cewa Alcaraz bai yi wani abin a zo a gani ba a gasar Wimbledon, ya yi kasa da seti biyu kacal a wasan karshe, inda ya fafata da Djokovic, wanda ya lashe kofi sau bakwai da kuma Djokovic, wanda ya kare sau hudu. Alcaraz ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa a farkon saitin amma ya riƙe ƙarfin gwiwarsa don lashe wasan a cikin seti biyar. Ya ɗauki awanni huɗu da mintuna arba'in da biyu, kuma nan take aka yaba masa a matsayin wani labari na zamani. Wannan shine kofinsa na farko a Wimbledon, kuma shine karo na biyu da ya lashe babban kofi gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Novak Djokovic to win Wimbledon title in final for the ages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/16/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final-singles-men-tennis |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ya zama mutum ɗaya tilo da ba a cikin Big Four ba da ya lashe gasar Wimbledon ta 'yan wasa tun daga shekarar 2002, kafin a haife shi da kansa. <ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |last=Gharib |first=Anthony |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Wimbledon, denies Novak Djokovic record 24th Grand Slam singles title |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717061050/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na Toronto a hannun Tommy Paul . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Rory |date=12 August 2023 |title=Alcaraz stunned by Paul in Toronto quarters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/de-minaur-shocks-medvedev-reach-semis-toronto-2023-08-11/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Daga nan ya sake haɗuwa da Djokovic a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati . Alcaraz ya sha kashi a zagaye uku, duk da cewa ya samu maki a gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe. Shi ne mafi tsayin daka a tarihin gasar ATP Masters 1000, kuma shine mafi tsayi a tarihin gasar, a cikin awanni 3 da mintuna 49; Djokovic ya yaba da hakan a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi wahala a rayuwarsa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrogan |first=Ed |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic saves championship point in thrilling Cincinnati final win over Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821015125/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic overcomes Carlos Alcaraz to win Cincinnati title in instant classic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar US Open a matsayin zakaran kare kambun, kuma ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe saboda rashin nasara a wasa daya kacal. Duk da haka, ya sha kashi a can a hannun zakaran 2021 Daniil Medvedev a zagaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=9 September 2023 |title=Daniil Medvedev stuns Carlos Alcaraz to set up US Open final showdown with Novak Djokovic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909040451/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Alcaraz ya sake rasa matsayi na 1 a hannun Djokovic, wanda ya kare maki ba tare da ya kare ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Djokovic's Devastating Start To US Open |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829074008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga kakar wasa ta kaka da hunturu da nufin samun matsayi na 1 a ƙarshen shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'No. 1 Is One Of The Main Goals' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022031/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz On No. 1 Battle: 'Djokovic Is On My Mind In Every Practice' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053710/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, kamar shekarar 2022, ya fuskanci koma baya a ƙarshen shekara yayin da yawon shakatawa ya koma filin wasa mai ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na Beijing, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Grigor Dimitrov a zagaye na 16 a Shanghai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2023 |title=Sinner powers past Alcaraz to book Beijing final with Medvedev |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107055215/https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=11 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz suffers shock defeat to Grigor Dimitrov in latest Shanghai Masters upset – 'I knew what I had to do' |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022028/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Ya janye daga Basel saboda rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz Withdraws From Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> kuma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko na gasar Paris Masters a hannun Roman Safiullin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'A Lot Of Things To Improve' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-reaction-paris-2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar ATP da aka yi a [[Torino|Turin]], Alcaraz ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev amma ya doke Andrey Rublev da Daniil Medvedev a zagayen zagaye. Ya cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic, wanda daga baya ya zama zakara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=19 November 2023 |title='I'm not at his level' – Carlos Alcaraz admits 'unbelievable' Novak Djokovic is superior indoors after ATP Finals defeat |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119135056/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar da ta zo ta 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=Ferrero On Alcaraz's 'Extremely Good' Year |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> ===2024: Nasarar Channel Slam da lambar azurfa ta Olympics=== [[File:Carlos Alcaraz - Vainqueur Roland Garros 2024.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana riƙe da kofin Coupe des Mousquetaires bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 French Open]]]] Alcaraz ya fara wasanninsa na shekarar 2024 a [[2024 Australian Open – Men's singles|Australian Open]]. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a wasansa da [[Miomir Kecmanović|Miomir Kecmanovic]], inda ya kai matakin wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta wasan tennis;<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz joins illustrious quarterfinal club|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|website=ausopen.com|language=en}}</ref> sai dai ya sha kashi a wannan mataki a hannun [[Alexander Zverev]] da ci 3–1 a rukuni-rukuni.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2024|title=Alcaraz wiped out in quarterfinal loss to Zverev|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051155/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairu, Alcaraz ya zaɓi sake buga wasanni a filayen laka na Kudancin Amurka a karo na uku a jere. Ya shiga [[2024 Argentina Open – Singles|Argentina Open]] a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Nicolás Jarry]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2024|title=Alcaraz moves on, gets Jarry in Argentina semis|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051721/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2024|title=Alcaraz upset by Jarry in Argentina Open semifinals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref> A mako na gaba, ya janye daga [[2024 Rio Open|Rio Open]] bayan mintuna kaɗan da fara wasansa na farko, sakamakon karkacewar idon sawunsa na dama.<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2">{{cite news |date=21 February 2024|title=Alcaraz rolls ankle, exits Rio Open after 2 points.|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022036/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni na karkacewar jijiyar gefen idon sawunsa, amma zai rasa horo na "kwanaki kaɗan" kawai kafin [[2024 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|Indian Wells]].<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2" /> A matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma a wasu filayen da yake matuƙar so a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya dawo cikin ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2024|title=Alcaraz buzzing after seeing off bee invasion, Zverev in 'most unusual match'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022548/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=15 March 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]], inda ya kawo ƙarshen wasanni 19 da Sinner ya ci a jere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives bee invasion to set up Indian Wells semi-final with Jannik Sinner |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022556/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |url-status=live|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="atptour.com2">{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |title=Carlos Alcaraz snaps Jannik Sinner's winning streak in Indian Wells SFs |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074750/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |url-status=live|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke [[Daniil Medvedev]] a wasan ƙarshe, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko cikin watanni takwas.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins second straight Indian Wells title with victory over Medvedev in final|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317234703/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|archive-date=17 March 2024|access-date=17 March 2024|work=[[tennis.com]]}}</ref> A [[2024 Miami Open – Men's singles|Miami Open]], Alcaraz ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba, amma [[Grigor Dimitrov]] ya doke shi a wannan mataki.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2024|title=Miami Showtime Alcaraz ousts Musetti; Dimitrov buries his Miami 'kryptonite'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022552/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2024|title=Grigor Dimitrov stuns Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets to reach Miami Open semis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022551/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, ya sauka zuwa matsayi na 3 a duniya, a bayansu [[Novak Djokovic]] da Sinner, wanda ya lashe Miami Open. [[File:2024 Summer Olympics men's singles tennis tournament's podium, 2024-08-04 (59) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana karɓar lambar azurfarsa bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 Summer Olympics]]]] Rauni ya kawo cikas ga kakar wasannin laka ta Alcaraz. Ya janye daga [[2024 Monte-Carlo Masters|Monte-Carlo Masters]] da [[2024 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell|Barcelona Open]] saboda matsala a hannunsa na dama, musamman yankin gabansa.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Monte Carlo Masters with right forearm injury|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022555/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz: Spaniard withdraws from the Barcelona Open with injury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/68812339|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A [[Madrid Open (tennis)|Madrid Open]], Alcaraz ya ci gaba da fama da wannan rauni, wanda ya hana shi buga bugun forehand ɗinsa na musamman da cikakken ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun [[Andrey Rublev]], wanda daga baya ya lashe gasar,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner joins Carlos Alcaraz on the on sidelines ahead of Italian Open in Rome|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=7 May 2024|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref> sannan ya janye daga [[2024 Italian Open (tennis)|Rome Open]].<ref name=":14" /> Duk da haka, Alcaraz ya murmure a kan lokaci domin ya buga [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|French Open]] a watan Yuni. Duk da wasu wasannin farko da ba su yi masa sauƙi ba, ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ya doke mai matsayi na biyu, [[Jannik Sinner]], a cikin rukuni biyar masu tsauri, ya kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na Roland Garros a karon farko. Alcaraz ya doke [[Alexander Zverev]] a wani wasa na rukuni biyar, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko na Roland Garros. Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 35, ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya lashe babban kambu a filaye iri uku daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay|first=George|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins third major title with five-set victory at the French Open over Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elbaba|first=Julia|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest man in complete the Surface Slam|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|archive-date=7 June 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|publisher=NBC Los Ángeles.com|language=EN}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya kare kambunsa na [[2024 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] ta hanyar doke [[Novak Djokovic]] da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, a sake fafatawa da juna bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2023 Wimbledon Championships|2023]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz crushes Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wimbledon: Carlos Alcaraz bullies Novak Djokovic to win his second straight title at All England Club|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023055/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|work=Sky Sports}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 70, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a zamanin Open Era da ya kammala nasarar [[Channel Slam]] (lashe French Open da Wimbledon a kakar wasa ɗaya).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roopanarine|first=Les|date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz sweeps past Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.lovegametennis.com/carlos-alcaraz-sweeps-past-novak-djokovic-to-retain-wimbledon-title-tennis/|access-date=19 July 2024|website=Love Game Tennis|language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya shiga [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar Olympics]] a wasannin ninkaya da na mutum ɗaya. Yana haɗin gwiwa da Rafael Nadal, ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a ninkaya. A gasar mutum ɗaya, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba. Ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda ake sa ran zai lashe lambar zinare; duk da haka, ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic a rukuni biyu masu tsauri, inda babu ɗayansu da ya rasa wasansa na hidima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2024|title=Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to win Olympic tennis gold and seal 'Golden Slam'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/cjk33v1n8n4o|access-date=5 August 2024|website=[[BBC Sport]]|language=}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya taɓa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mutum ɗaya. Alcaraz bai shiga [[2024 National Bank Open – Men's singles|Canadian Open na 2024]] ba, inda ya bayyana gajiya a matsayin dalili. Ya buga [[2024 Cincinnati Open – Men's singles|Cincinnati Open na 2024]], amma [[Gaël Monfils]] ya yi nasarar doke shi a zagayen farko.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=Monfils stuns Alcaraz in Cincinnati|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-monfils-cincinnati-2024-friday|access-date=16 August 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Wannan wasa ya kasance karo na farko da Alcaraz ya fasa raket a filin wasa, lamarin da ya jawo ɗaukar hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai sosai kuma ya sa ya bayar da uzurin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=El monumental cabreo de Alcaraz: destroza su raqueta tras perder en Cincinnati|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/tenis/2024/08/16/66bfaa02e85ecea4598b459a.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=ELMUNDO|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez|first=Diego Fonseca|date=17 August 2024|title=Alcaraz: primera raqueta reventada, perdón público y foco en el US Open|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-08-17/alcaraz-primera-raqueta-reventada-perdon-publico-y-foco-en-el-us-open.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="RacquetSmash">{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/17/sport/carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-open-racket-spt-intl/index.html |title=Carlos Alcaraz apologizes for smashing and breaking racket in 'worst match' of his career |date=17 August 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024 |last=Ronald|first=Issy|last2=Schlachter|first2=Thomas|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya buga [[2024 US Open – Men's singles|US Open na 2024]], inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu da ci 3–0 a hannun [[Botic van de Zandschulp]], lamarin da ya ba mutane mamaki. Wannan shi ne karon farko da aka fitar da shi daga babbar gasa tun Wimbledon ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hansen|first1=James|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|title=Carlos Alcaraz knocked out of U.S. Open by Botic van de Zandschulp in major upset|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5733308/2024/08/30/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-result-van-de-zandschulp/|access-date=30 August 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya dawo da kwarin gwiwarsa ta hanyar samun nasarori a gasannin ƙungiyoyi na [[2024 Davis Cup|Davis Cup]] da [[2024 Laver Cup|Laver Cup]]. Bayan haka, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 China Open – Men's singles|China Open]]. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da Alcaraz ya haɗu da Sinner a shekarar 2024, kuma ya sake samun nasara a karo na uku.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media|first=P. A.|date=2 October 2024|title=Alcaraz ends Sinner's winning streak to land China Open|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/oct/02/carlos-alcaraz-ends-jannik-sinner-winning-streak-in-pulsating-encounter-to-land-china-open-tennis|access-date=24 October 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Da wannan nasara, Alcaraz ya sake karɓar matsayi na 2 a duniya daga [[Alexander Zverev]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brugnoli|first=Simone|date=30 September 2024|title=BREAKING: Carlos Alcaraz leapfrogs Zverev to No.2 in ATP ranking|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/148635/breaking-carlos-alcaraz-leapfrogs-zverev-to-no2-in-atp-ranking/|access-date=24 October 2024|website=Tennis World USA|language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihin ATP Tour da ya lashe kambun gasar mutum ɗaya ta [[ATP 500]] a kowane irin fili – [[Clay court|laka]], [[Grass court|ciyawa]] da [[hardcourt|filin ƙasa mai tauri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza|first=Alejandro|date=2 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz vence a Jannik Sinner y conquista el torneo de Pekín|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-10-02/carlos-alcaraz-vence-a-jannik-sinner-y-conquista-el-torneo-de-pekin.html|access-date=2 October 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="ChinaOpenSinner">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024|title=China Open: Carlos Alcaraz recovers to beat Jannik Sinner in dramatic final|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8v6560lnro|access-date=15 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sai dai, ya sake samun sakamako marasa daidaito a sauran gasannin kaka, kamar yadda ya faru a shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe na [[2024 Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] a hannun [[Tomáš Macháč]], sannan ya sha kashi a zagaye na 16 na [[2024 Rolex Paris Masters|Paris Masters]] a hannun [[Ugo Humbert]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz stunned by Tomas Machac at Shanghai Masters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c5y0vjye5gpo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on Ugo Humbert defeat: 'I gave everything'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paris-2024-thursday-reaction|access-date=7 December 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Bai ji daɗin ƙoshin lafiya ba a lokacin [[2024 ATP Finals|ATP Finals]], amma bai janye daga gasar ba. Ya doke [[Andrey Rublev]], amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Casper Ruud]] da Alexander Zverev da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, inda ya fita daga gasar a matakin zagayen rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024|title=ATP Finals: Carlos Alcaraz exits after losing to Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c3deml3xng2o|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake haɗuwa da [[Spain Davis Cup team|ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Spain]] a [[Málaga]] domin buga wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe. [[Netherlands Davis Cup team|Ƙungiyar Netherlands]] ta fitar da su daga gasar, lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwar [[Rafael Nadal]] a wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024|title=Rafael Nadal: Retiring superstar's career over after Spain lose to the Netherlands at Davis Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0k82v4n25vo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa namiji na farko da ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na 3 a duniya duk da lashe manyan kambuna biyu. ===2025: Lakubban Faransa da US Open, komawa matsayi na 1=== Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2025 a Australian Open ta 2025, inda yake kokarin zama mafi karancin shekaru da zai kammala Grand Slam na Aiki (Career Grand Slam).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/carlos-quest-history-making-crown-ao-2025 |title=Carlos' quest for a history-making crown at AO 2025 |date=18 January 2025 |access-date=16 March 2025 |last=Ridge|first=Patric|website=ausopen.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Zagoria|first=Adam|date=6 January 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz Eyeing Career Slam At Australian Open: 'My Main Goal' For The Season|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2025/01/06/carlos-alcaraz-eyeing-career-slam-at-australian-open-my-main-goal-for-the-season/|access-date=16 March 2025|work=Forbes}}</ref> Sai dai, Novak Djokovic ya kayar da shi a zagayen daf da na kusa da karshe (quarterfinals), a wasan da aka daure wa guda a matsayin wanda ya gudanar da shi cikin fargaba daga bangarensa na raga.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025">{{Cite web |last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan|date=21 January 2025|title=Djokovic overcomes injury to stun Alcaraz in Melbourne|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cvg8nz90xkjo|website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2025-01-21 |title=Novak Djokovic defies injury to stun Carlos Alcaraz at Australian Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jan/21/novak-djokovic-defies-injury-to-stun-carlos-alcaraz-at-australian-open-tennis |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zabi ya gudanar da wasanni a filayen taurin Turai (European hardcourts) a watan Fabrairu a karorinsa na farko a rayuwarsa. Ya lashe kofin farko na filin gida me tauri (indoor hardcourt) na rayuwarsa a Rotterdam Open, inda ya kayar da Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Rotterdam Open for first indoor title|url=https://www.espn.com.au/tennis/story/_/id/43765633/carlos-alcaraz-wins-rotterdam-open-first-indoor-title|access-date=16 March 2025|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A gasar Qatar Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a zagayen quarterfinals a hannun Jiří Lehečka, duk da cewa shi ne ya fara karye sajin Lehečka a kowane saiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiri Lehecka shocks Carlos Alcaraz in Doha|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-doha-2025-thursday|access-date=16 March 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na wanda yake kare kofinsa sau biyu a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jack Draper a zagayen semifinal duk da ya doke shi 6-0 (bagel) a saiti na biyu. Wannan shi ne rashin nasara na farko da Alcaraz ya yi bayan zagayen quarterfinals a wata gasa a cikin tsawon shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John|first=Andrew|title=BNP Paribas Open: Jack Draper stuns Carlos Alcaraz to reach first Indian Wells final|url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2025/03/15/jack-draper-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-reach-indian-wells-final/82452718007/|access-date=16 March 2025|website=The Desert Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Cikin rashin kyakkyawan yanayi, daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Miami a hannun lamba 55 na duniya, David Goffin, wanda hakan ya zama rashin nasararsa ta uku kacal a zagayen farko na rayuwarsa a gasar ATP 1000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2025|title=Goffin upsets Alcaraz with stunning Miami comeback|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-goffin-miami-2025-friday}}</ref> File:Carlos Alcaraz - Roland Garros 2025 - serving (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana yin sabis a French Open ta 2025 Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta filin laka (clay season) ta kasance me nasara sosai. Ya fara ta ne a Monte-Carlo Masters, wata gasa da a baya bai taba lashe ko da wasa guda daya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on clay: 100 matches and a legacy of greatness|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-clay-feature-monte-carlo-2025|access-date=13 April 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ko da yake har yanzu yana cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa a farko, Alcaraz ya yi kazar-kazar ta tsakiyar saiti uku masu tsanani tare da Arthur Fils a quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one has 'missed clay' after reaching semi-finals with win over Arthur Fils|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ckgr41p941no|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan karshe, ya doke Lorenzo Musetti domin samun lakabin ATP Masters 1000 na farko a cikin watanni goma sha uku. Alcaraz ya isa wasan karshe na Barcelona Open cikin sauki, inda ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Holger Rune. Biyan bayan wasan karshe, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a kafafunsa biyu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2025|title=Holger Rune stuns Carlos Alcaraz to win Barcelona Open title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/44766918/holger-rune-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-win-barcelona-open-title|access-date=21 April 2025|website=espn.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare|first=Charlie|date=24 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid Open with muscle injury|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6295860/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-madrid-open-out-injury/|access-date=26 April 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke lamba 1 na duniya Jannik Sinner domin lashe kofinsa na farko na Italian Open. Ya zama mutum na uku da ya lashe kowani babban kofi na zamani a filin laka (French Open, Monte-Carlo, Madrid, da Rome) bayan Rafael Nadal da Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=West|first=Ewan|date=18 May 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz emulates Rafael Nadal & Novak Djokovic as he claims maiden Italian Open title|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-italian-open-clay-feat-rafael-nadal-novak-djokovic|access-date=18 May 2025|website=Tennis365|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake saduwa da Sinner a wasan karshe na biyu a jere a French Open. Bayan lashe saiti biyu na farko, Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a kan sabis din Alcaraz a saiti na hudu. Alcaraz ya kare kansa daga 0–40 sannan ya karye sabis din Sinner da kansa domin lashe saitin. Wannan ya tilasta saiti na biyar, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe tare da mamaya a super tiebreak, ta haka ya sami lakabinsa na biyar na Grand Slam. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 29, wannan shi ne wasan karshe na French Open mafi tsawo da aka taba yi, kuma wasan karshe na babban kofi (major final) na biyu mafi tsawo a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2025|title=French Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jannik Sinner in classic Roland Garros final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c0eqjpzq972o|access-date=8 June 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma shi ne karon farko da Alcaraz ya dawo bayan an bahi ratar saiti biyu ba tare da ya ci ko guda ba,<ref name="ATPRG2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz joins this list of players to rally from two sets down in a Grand Slam final...|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-roland-garros-2025-final-two-set-comeback|access-date=8 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zama dan wasa maza na tara da ya cimma wannan nasarar domin lashe wasan karshe na babban kofi guda daya.<ref name="ATPRG2025" />. Marubuta da dama da masu sharhin wasanni sun ayyana shirin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girman wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com|title=Was the Carlos Alcaraz-Jannik Sinner Roland Garros match the best ever played?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-2025-roland-garros-best-match-ever|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=I saw Alcaraz and Sinner's epic final – and it changed tennis forever|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-final-rivalry-b2766292.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=Alcaraz vs Sinner: Was this the greatest tennis match of the decade?|url=https://www.shortlist.com/sport/alcarez-vs-sinner-was-this-the-greatest-tennis-match-of-the-decade|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Shortlist|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=How Alcaraz broke his own limits – and Sinner – to win astonishing French Open final|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-result-report-b2766076.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flink|first=Steve|date=9 June 2025|title=Steve Flink: Alcaraz Somehow Stops Sinner in a Roland Garros Epic|url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2025/06/steve-flink-alcaraz-somehow-stops-sinner-in-a-roland-garros-epic/|access-date=3 October 2025|website=UBITENNIS|language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa na filin ciyawa (grass season) a Queen's Club Championships. Nasarar da ya samu a semifinals a kan Roberto Bautista Agut ita ce nasararsa ta 250 a ATP; ya zama namiji na uku mafi sauri da ya cimma wannan nasara a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims 250th win, surges into Queen's Club final|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bautista-agut-london-2025-saturday|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Jiří Lehečka a wasan karshe domin samun lakabinsa na uku a jere, kuma lakabinsa na biyar a kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jiri Lehecka for second Queen's Club title|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-london-2025-final|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A zagayen farko na Wimbledon, Alcaraz ya fuskanci kalubalen saiti biyar ba tsammani daga Fabio Fognini, wanda tuni ya sanar da yin murabus dinsa kuma bai lashe ko wasa guda ba a tsawon kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives five-set scare from Fabio Fognini in Wimbledon opener|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fognini-wimbledon-2025-monday|access-date=11 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya rasa saiti guda kowanne a hannun Jan-Lennard Struff, Andrey Rublev, da Taylor Fritz, amma a karshe har yanzu ya kai wasansa na karshe na hudu a jere. Ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jannik Sinner a saiti hudu, wanda shi ne rashin nasararsa ta farko a wasan karshe na Grand Slam kuma rashin nasararsa ta farko a hannun Sinner tun shekarar 2023. Wannan kuma ya kawo karshen nasarori 24 a jere na Alcaraz, mafi tsawo a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2025-07-13 |title=Wimbledon 2025 results: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to win first All England Club title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c5ykw5n0p7no |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> File:P20250907DT-0983 President Donald Trump attends the U.S. Open Men’s Championship.jpg|left|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz a wasan karshe na US Open ta 2025 Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wani babban wasan karshe kuma a Cincinnati Open. Sinner ya sha wahala ta fuskar jiki, sannan ya janye yayin da Alcaraz ke gaba da 5–0 a saiti na farko. Saboda haka Alcaraz ya sami lakabinsa na uku na ATP 1000 a kakar wasan.<ref name="ATPCincinnati2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims first Cincinnati crown after Jannik Sinner retires|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-alcaraz-cincinnati-2025-final|access-date=19 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A US Open, Alcaraz ya wuce ta zagayen farko guda shida na gasar tare da samun nasarar 6-0 (bagelling) a kan Mattia Bellucci da Luciano Darderi a hanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz cruises through to fourth round of US Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c15ljzy3dqjo|access-date=30 August 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A semifinal, ya sami nasararsa ta farko a kan Novak Djokovic a fili me tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025">{{Cite news |last1=Futterman|first1=Matthew|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|date=5 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz overpowers Novak Djokovic to reach U.S. Open final|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6601703/2025/09/05/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-us-open-result-analysis/|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi hakan a US Open tun Roger Federer a 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar|first=Rana|date=6 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz follows Federer's 2015 path to US Open final, beats Djokovic without dropping a set|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/carlos-alcaraz-follows-federers-2015-path-to-us-open-final-beats-djokovic-without-dropping-a-set/articleshow/123728168.cms?from=mdr|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Wannan shi ne wasansa na karshe na takwas a jere a matakin yawon shakatawa (tour-level final), kuma a karo na uku a jere a wasan karshe na Grand Slam, ya fuskanci Jannik Sinner. Alcaraz ya doke shi a saiti hudu domin samun lakabinsa na shida na Grand Slam a cikin daya daga cikin tsawon tafiye-tafiye mafi kyau a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: How Carlos Alcaraz produced 'faultless' performance to beat Jannik Sinner and win title|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c9v7nld4we2o|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama namiji na hudu kuma mafi karancin shekaru a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era) da ya lashe lakubban Grand Slam da dama a kowane irin fili.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=Alcaraz bests Sinner to win US Open, sixth Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46190196/carlos-alcaraz-defeats-rival-jannik-sinner-us-open|access-date=8 September 2025|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya kuma sake karbe matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a karon farko a cikin shekaru biyu.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz returns to World No. 1 following US Open triumph|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-no-1-return-september-2025|access-date=7 September 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara fitowarsa ta farko a Japan Open Tennis Championships. A saiti na farko na wasansa na zagayen farko da Sebastián Báez, ya murde idon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz says he was "scared" after hurting ankle in first-round win at Japan Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ce8467zl778o|access-date=28 September 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da raunin, ya ci gaba da taka leda har ya kai wasansa na karshe na tara a jere, inda ya fuskanci Taylor Fritz. Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Fritz a Laver Cup kwanaki 10 kawai da suka gabata, Alcaraz ya wuce ta kansa domin karkare kofinsa na takwas na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz exacts quick Taylor Fritz revenge, captures Tokyo title on debut |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fritz-tokyo-2025-final |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Shanghai Masters saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of Shanghai Masters just hours after winning Japan Open |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-shanghai-masters-injury-withdraw-b2836573.html |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en|date=30 September 2025}}</ref> Ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Paris Masters a hannun Cameron Norrie a saiti uku, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen nasarorinsa na jere a wasannin karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz first player to qualify for 2025 Nitto ATP Finals {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-nitto-atp-finals-2025-qualification |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A ATP Finals, Alcaraz ya doke Alex de Minaur, Taylor Fritz, da Lorenzo Musetti domin zama na farko a rukuninsa na round robin. Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Musetti, ya tabbatar da matsayin lamba 1 na karshen shekara a karo na biyu. Alcaraz ya doke Félix Auger-Aliassime a semifinal, inda ya yi kurakurai uku kacal marasa karfi (unforced errors) a saiti na farko. Ya ci gaba zuwa wani wasan karshe kuma da Jannik Sinner, wanda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=ATP Finals: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to defend title in Turin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c05147lz7g9o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Davis Cup saboda raunin tsokar cinyarsa (hamstring), ta haka ya kammala kakar wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one withdraws from Spain's Davis Cup Finals team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8z53330g6o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===2026: Lakabin Australia, Kammala Career Grand Slam, Rauni=== A lokacin shirye-shiryen tunkarar kakar wasa na watan Disamba, Alcaraz ya rabu da kocin da suka daɗe tare, Juan Carlos Ferrero.<ref name="Jurejko">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-17 |title=Carlos Alcaraz splits with coach Juan Carlos Ferrero after long partnership |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0mpj8427pzo |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB|last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2026 a Australian Open ta 2026, inda ya kai zagayen semifinal ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Australian Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz storms past Alex de Minaur and into semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8rm8jg5507o |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal da ya buga da Alexander Zverev, ya lashe saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a saiti na uku da na hudu a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), ya dawo da kaimi domin lashe saiti na karshe. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open kuma wasa na uku mafi tsawo gaba ɗaya a tarihin gasar.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026">{{cite web |date=30 January 2026|title=Alcaraz downs Zverev in Melbourne marathon, reaches maiden Australian Open final|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-australian-open-2026-sf|access-date=30 January 2026|website=atptour.com|publisher=ATPTour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru a Zamanin Buɗewa (Open Era) da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), inda ya karya rikodin da Jim Courier ya kafa a shekarar 1993.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tennis.com|date=30 January 2026|title=Carlos Alcaraz battles into first Australian Open final with marathon win over Zverev|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-battles-into-first-australian-open-final-with-marathon-win-over-alexander-zverev-five-sets-cramping|access-date=30 January 2026|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke Novak Djokovic domin lashe lakabinsa na farko na Australian Open, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala Career Grand Slam a wasan maza marasa abokin tarayya (singles).<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes youngest player to complete Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/carlos-alcaraz-becomes-youngest-player-to-complete-career-grand-slam |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=KhelWire |date=1 February 2026}}</ref>File:Carlos Alcaraz US Open 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Carlos Alcaraz yana motsa jiki a US Open ta 2026Alcaraz ya janye jikinsa daga Rotterdam Open sakamakon gajiya, sannan ya koma gudanar da kakar wasansa a Qatar Open. Ya rasa saiti guda kacal a hannun Karen Khachanov a zagayen quarterfinals, yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz rallies past Karen Khachanov in Doha {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-doha-2026-qf|access-date=2026-02-21|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ya lallasa Arthur Fils a cikin mintuna 50, wasa mafi sauri da ya kammala a rayuwarsa zuwa wannan lokacin, domin samun lakabinsa na biyu na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Qatar Open: Carlos Alcaraz demolishes Arthur Fils in 50 minutes to win title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cx28lxv7gedo |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya koma Indian Wells. Nasararsa a zagayen quarterfinals da Cameron Norrie ita ce nasararsa ta 34 a jere a filin waje mai tauri (outdoor hardcourts) - jerin nasarori na uku mafi tsawo irinsa a Zamanin Buɗewa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Pete Sampras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Peter |date=2026-03-08 |title=The seven biggest outdoor hardcourt winning streaks in ATP history as Carlos Alcaraz joins the list |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/the-seven-biggest-outdoor-hardcourt-winning-streaks-in-atp-history-as-carlos-alcaraz-joins-the-list/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal, Alcaraz ya sake karawa da Daniil Medvedev a matsayin maimaitawar wasannin karshe na 2023 da 2024, inda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniil Medvedev ends Carlos Alcaraz's perfect start to 2026 to reach Indian Wells final {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2026-sf |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A Miami Open, Sebastian Korda ya doke Alcaraz ba tsammani a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya kammala bajinta mai ban takaici a gasannin Sunshine Double.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Miami Open: World number one Carlos Alcaraz suffers surprise defeat to American Sebastian Korda in third round |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cg73g9m21n8o |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe a gasarsa ta farko a filin laka (clay court) na shekarar a Monte Carlo, inda ya yi rashin nasarar wasan da kuma matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a hannun abokin hamayyarsa Jannik Sinner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-12 |title=Monte Carlo Masters: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to return to world top spot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8dl5qge2r8o |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki ya buga wasansa na farko a Barcelona Open, inda aka ba shi hutun likita domin duba gantsar hannunsa (forearm). Bayan wasan ya janye jikinsa daga gasar, sakamakon raunin hannu da ba a bayyana takamaiman irinsa ba wanda daga baya aka gano tenosynovitis ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-15|title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of tournament with wrist injury|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cly0037eg1xo|access-date=2026-04-20|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-20 |title=Carlos Alcaraz confirms U.S. Open return via soccer transfer figure Fabrizio Romano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7527126/2026/08/20/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-comeback-us-open-romano/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ya kuma janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A karshen watan Afirilu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Italian Open da French Open, dukkan gasannin biyu da yake kare kofunansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz to miss Rome & Roland Garros: 'We will come out of it stronger' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-rome-roland-garros-2026-withdrawal |website=ATP Tour |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref> A watan Mayu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Queen's Club Championships da Wimbledon, inda a dukkaninsu shi ne ke kare kofin da kuma wanda ya zo na biyu (runner-up).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Alcaraz withdraws from Wimbledon & Queen's Club |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-queens-club-wimbledon-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=atptour.com}}</ref> Bai shiga Canadian Open ba, kuma ya janye jikinsa daga Cincinnati Open, inda shi ne ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-10 |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Cincinnati Open, with U.S. Open title defense in doubt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7492918/2026/08/04/carlos-alcaraz-out-cincinnati-open/ |access-date=2026-08-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Agusta, Alcaraz ya sanar da cewa zai koma gasar gogayya a US Open, inda shi ma ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: Fabrizio Romano breaks news US Open champion is to make comeback from wrist injury at Flushing Meadows |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/33694/13575157/carlos-alcaraz-fabrizio-romano-breaks-news-us-open-champion-is-to-make-comeback-from-wrist-injury-at-flushing-meadows |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Ya shiga gasar ma'aurata gauraye (mixed doubles) tare da haɗin gwiwa mai muhimmanci da Serena Williams; sun yi rashin nasara a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-25 |title=Williams-Alcaraz fall in US Open mixed quarter-finals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260825-williams-alcaraz-fall-in-us-open-mixed-quarter-finals |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasansa na farko guda ɗaya (singles) a cikin watanni biyar da Roman Safiullin inda ya sami nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa, kodayake saurin sabis ɗinsa ya ragu sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz eases past Roman Safiullin on return at US Open {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-safiullin-us-open-2026-monday |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da sauri ya watsar da rashin sabo sannan ya kai wasan quarterfinals dinsa na biyar na rayuwarsa a US Open, inda ya rasa saiti guda kacal a kanti, a hannun Jaime Faria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2026-09-03 |title=US Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jaime Faria as injury comeback in New York continues |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cqjkdnv729jo |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tsawanta jerin nasarorinsa a manyan gasassaki (majors) zuwa 18, mafi kyau a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes his Grand Slam set vs. Tommy Paul, reaches US Open QFs {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paul-us-open-2026-sunday-r4 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Ben Shelton a quarterfinals a saiti biyar, inda Shelton ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu bayan Matteo Berrettini da ya doke Alcaraz a saiti biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouquette |first=Cédric |date=2026-09-09 |title=Shelton ends Alcaraz’s US Open reign in late-night thriller |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/us-open-news/history-made-past-3am-shelton-ends-alcarazs-us-open-reign-at-the-latest-finish-the-tournament-has-ever-seen-860615.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Gagayya (Rivalries)== === Jannik Sinner === Carlos Alcaraz da Jannik Sinner sun fuskanci juna har sau 17 a gasar ATP Tour, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 10–7.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner/a0e2/s0ag |title=Jannik Sinner VS Carlos Alcaraz {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=6 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |title=Closing Power: Alcaraz Fights off Sinner in Five for First French Open Final |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023057/https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Wasanni masu muhimmanci na farko sun haɗa da zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2022, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti biyar bayan ya kare maki guda na nasara (match point) har ya kai ga lashe lakabin gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=P. A. |date=8 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz prevails over Jannik Sinner in latest ever US Open finish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/08/carlos-alcaraz-prevails-over-jannik-sinner-in-latest-ever-us-open-finish-tennis |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Su biyun sun fuskanci juna sau uku a shekarar 2024, inda Alcaraz ya lashe dukkan wasannin uku, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe mai tsananin gogayya na China Open.<ref name="ChinaOpenSinner" /> Sinner ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a shekarar 2024 adadin da ya yi daidai da rashin nasarar da ya yi a hannun dukkan sauran 'yan wasan tour baki ɗaya. A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasassaki (majors) guda uku a jere. Alcaraz ya lashe wasansu na ƙarshe na farko a babban kofi a French Open, duk da cewa Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a saiti na hudu. Mujallar ''The Guardian'' ta yaba da wasan a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wasannin ƙarshe da aka taba yi a kowane irin wasan motsa jiki."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Daniel |date=8 June 2025 |title=Alcaraz fights back to beat Sinner in all-time classic French Open men's final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/jun/08/french-open-2025-mens-final-jannik-sinner-v-carlos-alcaraz-tennis-live |access-date=8 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun sake saduwa a Wimbledon, inda Sinner ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Alcaraz; sannan a US Open, inda Alcaraz ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Sinner.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025" /> A karo na biyu a jere, sun raba manyan kofunan shekarar biyu-biyu. Sun kuma fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu na ATP Masters 1000 a shekarar 2025, a Italian Open da Cincinnati Open, wanda duka Alcaraz ne ya lashe su;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner on Rome run: 'I am closer than expected' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-rome-2025-final-reaction |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ATPCincinnati2025" /> da kuma wasan ƙarshe na ATP Finals na 2025, inda Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun lakabin gasar Monte-Carlo Masters a karon farko da suka fuskanci juna a shekarar 2026. An bayyana gagayyarsu a matsayin "wata gogayya mai yiwuwa za ta ayyana wani zamani da kanta".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klosok |first1=Aleks |title=Friendly rivals Jannik Sinner and Carlos Alcaraz look set to dominate men's tennis. Is it time to call them the 'Big Two?' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/sport/jannik-sinner-carlos-alcaraz-atp-finals-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en |date=12 November 2024}}</ref> === Alexander Zverev === Carlos Alcaraz da Alexander Zverev sun fuskanci juna har sau goma sha uku, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 7–6.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-alexander-zverev/a0e2/z355 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Alexander Zverev {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=15 March 2026 }}</ref> Sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2021, inda Zverev ya lallasa Alcaraz mai shekaru 17–18 a dukkanin wasannin biyu. Wasan farko mai muhimmanci a tsakaninsu shi ne wasan ƙarshe na Madrid Open a shekarar 2022, inda Alcaraz ya lallasa zakara mai kare kofinsa Zverev a cikin sa'a ɗaya da mintuna hudu.<ref name="BBCMadrid2022" /> Bayan 'yan makonni, sun yi wasansu na farko a babban kofi (major) a zagayen quarterfinals na French Open, inda Zverev ya doke Alcaraz a saiti hudu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2022-05-31 |title=Zverev eases into second French Open semi-final with win against Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/31/zverev-eases-into-second-french-open-semi-final-with-win-against-alcaraz |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun kara gudanar da wasanni masu muhimmanci a zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2023, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe, da kuma quarterfinals na Australian Open ta 2024, wanda Zverev ya lashe. A shekarar 2024 sun fuskanci juna a wasan ƙarshe na French Open, inda Zverev ke neman samun lakabinsa na farko na babban kofi. Zverev ya samu ratar saiti biyu zuwa ɗaya, amma Alcaraz ya jure har ya doke shi a saiti biyar domin samun lakabinsa na farko na French Open.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2024-06-09 |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Alex Zverev in five-set thriller to win French Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/09/carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-alex-zverev-in-five-set-thriller-to-win-french-open |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A wasan semifinals na Australian Open ta 2026, Alcaraz ya samu ratar saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Zverev ya lashe saiti biyu na gaba a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), amma Alcaraz ya dawo da kaimi a tsaye domin lashe saiti na biyar, yana ci gaba zuwa wasansa na ƙarshe na farko a Australian Open. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026" /> === Novak Djokovic === File:2023 Wimbledon Men's singles final (3).jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic bayan wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023 Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic sun fuskanci juna har sau goma; duk da tazarar shekaru 16 a tsakaninsu, gogayyar tasu ta kasance mai cike da harkar gogayya ta daidaito, inda sakamakon fuskantar juna ke kunnen doki a 5–5.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-novak-djokovic/a0e2/d643 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Novak Djokovic {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=16 November 2025 }}</ref> Wasanni tara daga cikin goma da suka buga sun kasance a zagayen semifinals ko finals na "manya" gasassaki: a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), Masters 1000 guda biyu na ATP, ATP Finals da Wasannin Olimpic. Saduwarsu ta farko ita ce a semifinals na Madrid Open ta 2022, inda Alcaraz ya samu nasara a saiti na karshe mai kayyade sakamako (deciding set tiebreaker), inda ya zama mutum guda tilos a tarihi da ya samu nasarori a jere a kan Nadal da Djokovic a filin laka (clay). Duk da gwagwarmayarsu ta neman matsayin lamba 1 na duniya, ba su sake fuskantar juna ba har na tsawon fiye da shekara guda. Daga karshe sun sake fuskantar juna a semifinals na French Open ta 2023, wanda ya kasance wasan da aka zuba idanu a kansa da kafofin labarai suka yi ta yayatawa.<ref name="SiDjokovicSemi" /><ref name="GuardianDjokovicSemi" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapetanakis |first=Arthur |date=8 June 2023 |title=SF Preview: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Novak Djokovic In Clash For The Ages |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094747/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cambers |first=Simon |date=8 June 2023 |title=Alcaraz v Djokovic: Where the match can be won |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602182743/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |url-status=live}}</ref> Djokovic ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yayin da wasan ke cike da gogayya har zuwa lokacin da Alcaraz ya samu tangarda a farkon saiti na uku saboda ciwon tsoka (cramps).<ref name="CrampVsDjokovic" /> Ba da jimawa ba biyu sun sake saduwa domin sake fuskantar juna a wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023, inda Alcaraz ya doke Djokovic wanda ya lashe kofin sau hudu a jere a cikin wasa mai cike da tarihi na saiti biyar wanda ya dauki sa'o'i 4 da mintuna 42.<ref name="NYTimesWimbledon" /> Wata guda bayan haka, sun yi wata gogayyar mai matukar girma a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati Open ta 2023, inda Djokovic ya samu nasara a saiti uku masu matukar matsin lamba bayan ya kare maki guda na nasarar kofin (championship point). A tsawon sa'o'i 3 da mintuna 49, wannan shi ne wasan ƙarshe na ATP Tour mafi tsawo a saiti biyu cikin uku a tarihi, kuma wasa mafi tsawo a tarihin gasar, wanda kuma aka yaba masa nan take a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic outlasts Alcaraz to win instant-classic final in Cincinnati |url=https://www.thescore.com/atp/news/2696096 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=theScore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Malinowski |first=Scoop |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic and Carlos Produce the Highest Level of Tennis Ever Witnessed In Cincy – Tennis-Prose.com |url=https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023607/https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Daga nan sun buga wasan da ba shi da wata babbar gogayya a ATP Finals, inda Djokovic ya lallasa Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=ATP Finals results 2023: Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to set up Jannik Sinner final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/67461418 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a bazaran shekarar 2024, duka a wasannin ƙarshe masu muhimmanci gaske. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, Alcaraz ya sami nasara cikin sauki a saiti babu kakkautawa a kan Djokovic a karawa ta biyu na wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon na shekarar baya. Makonni uku bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Agusta, Djokovic ya doke Alcaraz a wasan ƙarshe na Wasannin Olimpic a filin Court Philippe Chatrier. Ba a karye sabis ɗin ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ba a saiti biyun, inda Djokovic ya lashe zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks) duka guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novak Djokovic defeats Carlos Alcaraz for first Olympic gold medal |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-alcaraz-paris-olympics-2024-gold-medal-match |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Masanin tarihin wasanni Steve Flink ya kira shi "wasa mafi kyau na saiti biyu da na taba gani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=manfred |date=4 August 2024 |title="The Best Two-Set Match I Have Ever Seen" – Steve Flink On Novak Djokovic – Carlos Alcaraz Olympic Final |url=https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=World Tennis Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181305/https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujallar ''Tennis.com'' ta jera wasan a matsayin wasan ATP na shekara na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tignor |first=Steve |date=20 December 2024 |title=TENNIS.com's 2024 ATP Match of the Year: Novak Djokovic conquers Carlos Alcaraz at the Olympics, and finally wins gold |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/2024-tennis-atp-match-of-the-year-novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-olympics-paris |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2025. A saduwarsu ta farko a matakin quarterfinals a Australian Open, Djokovic ya sami nasara a saiti hudu domin ci gaba da kare rikodinsa na rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a filin tauri (hardcourt) da kuma rushe burinsa na samun Career Grand Slam.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025" /> Sun sake saduwa a semifinals na US Open, inda Alcaraz ya ɗauki pansa a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun nasararsa ta farko a kan Djokovic a filin tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025" /> Tikitin shiga kalle wasan sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin US Open.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAM |date=4 September 2025 |title=US Open ticket prices soar to unprecedented level: How much does it cost to watch Carlos Alcaraz vs Novak Djokovic? |url=https://www.marca.com/en/tennis/us-open/2025/09/04/68b9f44146163fdd7c8b4581.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan wasan, Alcaraz da Djokovic sun kammala saduwa a kowace daya daga cikin manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), wani abu da gagayyar Federer–Nadal ba ta taba cimmawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=3 September 2025 |title=Djokovic-Alcaraz rivalry set for Grand Slam milestone that Federer and Nadal failed to achieve |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-achieve-feat-eluded-roger-federer-rafael-nadal |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau ɗaya a shekarar 2026, a wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti hudu domin kawo ƙarshen rikodin cikakkiyar nasara na Djokovic 10–0 a wasannin ƙarshe na Australian Open kuma ya zama mai wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala Career Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alcaraz dents Djokovic's Melbourne final perfection, wins first Australian Open title|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-australian-open-2026-final|website=ATPTour|date=1 February 2026|access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> Musamman ma, Alcaraz (tare da Stan Wawrinka) na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis guda biyu da suke da cikakken rikodin nasara a wasannin ƙarshe na babban kofi (major final) a kan Djokovic. ==Sallon Wasa (Playing style)== Alcaraz ɗan wasan tennis ne mai amfani da [[All-court player|ko ina a fili]], amma da farko yana amfani da salo mai kai hari daga baya (baseline). An san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta rufe fili da ikon samun ƙwallo a matsayin tsaro, sau da yawa yana mai da matsayin tsaro zuwa damar kai hari yayin karawa. Harbinsa na [[forehand]] mai madaidaicin hannu shine harbi mafi ƙarfi: yana iya buga shi a faɗace da sauri don samun maki na nasara (winners) daga kowane matsayi na fili, ko kuma ya ƙara adadin topspin mai yawa da tazara a saman ragar. Yana wasa da [[backhand]] na hannu biyu mai faɗi kuma ƙasa-ƙasa. Saboda harinsa, Alcaraz yawanci yana samar da babban adadin [[Glossary of tennis terms#winner|winners]] da [[Glossary of tennis terms#unforced error|kuskuren da ba a tilasta masa ba (unforced errors)]] daga harbin ƙasa, musamman na forehand ɗinsa. Alcaraz yana da sabis na farko mai ƙarfi dangane da tsawonsa; yawanci tsakanin mile 115 zuwa 120 a sa'a guda (mph) kuma yakan kai mile 135 a sa'a guda, amma ana buga shi da matsakaicin wurin da aka sa gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Alcaraz's Scintillating Serve Toppled Djokovic's Return In The Wimbledon Final &#124; |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818230616/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |archive-date=18 August 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The story behind his new & improved serve |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-serve-feature-wimbledon-2024 |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yawanci yana ƙara topspin ga sabis ɗinsa na biyu domin samar da tsalle mai tsawo na ƙwallo, wanda ke tura abokan karawarsa baya ko kuma tilasta musu maido ƙwallo mai rauni. Wannan sabis yawanci yana kaiwa km/h 150 zuwa 170 (mile 93 zuwa 106 a sa'a guda).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CARLOS ALCARAZ VS. ALEX DE MINAUR &#124; LONDON 2023 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205433/https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Mafi yawancin lokuta saboda rashin ainihin wurin da ake sa gaba, ana bayyana sabis na Alcaraz a matsayin mafi rauni a wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Alcaraz says new serve still a work in progress as he targets Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/alcaraz-says-new-serve-still-a-work-in-progress-as-he-targets-career-grand-slam-803085.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ƙwararre ne wajen maido da sabis (returner), musamman na sabis na farko. A shekarar 2024, ya lashe kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na wasannin sabis na abokan karawarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaderboard &#124; ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/stats/leaderboard?boardType=return&timeFrame=52week&surface=all&versusRank=all&formerNo1=false |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yana da wasan raga mai burge mutane tare da kyakkyawan drop volleys da drive volleys, sannan yakan yi serve-and-volley a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title='Carlos Alcaraz can serve and volley at...', says former ATP ace |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205432/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Harbinsa na boje ƙwallo a kusa da raga ([[drop shot]]) mai cike da baje fasaha shine mabudin wasansa. Nauyin harbin ƙasarsa yana tura abokan karawarsa zuwa bayan fili, wanda hakan ke sa drop shots ɗinsa ke da wuyar kaiwa. An lura da 'yar fifikonsa na amfani da forehand drop shots fiye da backhand a matsayin wani abu da ba a saba gani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Shot Has Carlos Alcaraz Popularised? |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/forehand-drop-shot-success-alcaraz-2023 |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> [[Andy Roddick]] ya bayyana cewa drop shot na Alcaraz shine "mafi kyau a tarihin tennis".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Callum |date=14 July 2024 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz has one shot that is the best in the history of tennis ahead of Wimbledon final |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-has-one-shot-that-is-the-best-in-the-history-of-tennis-ahead-of-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasu 'yan wasa da masu sharhi sun yaba wa Alcaraz a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin karuwar amfani da drop shot a tsakanin dukkanin gasassakin kwararru a 'yan shekarun nan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 May 2025 |title=Drop by drop: Carlos Alcaraz leads shift back to the most deft shot in tennis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/21/drop-shot-tennis-carlos-alcaraz-clay-french-open |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=28 May 2025 |title=Drop shots in tennis go from eccentric to essential, with some help from Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6384608/2025/05/28/tennis-drop-shot-how-why-best-players/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami yabo saboda halayensa na motsa jiki da na jiki. Musamman ma, gudu na kai tsaye, ikon maida hari, da babban saurin ƙafafunsa sun sa ana kwatanta shi da [[Rafael Nadal]]. An kwatanta shi da [[Novak Djokovic]] saboda motsin gefensa mai ƙarfi da rufe fili, wanda tsaga ƙafafu na jiki (splits) da sulbi a cikin fili lokacin tsaro ke taimaka masa, musamman a bangaren backhand. Kamar [[Roger Federer]], taɓawa mai ban mamaki da hari na musamman sun kasance masu muhimmanci ga nasararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rouquette |first1=Cédric |last2=Bourrières |first2=Rémi |last3=Cambers |first3=Simon |date=17 October 2022 |title=From Carlitos to Alcaraz, Episode 3: Attack, defence, power, touch – Alcaraz the pioneer of "total tennis" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidov |first=Liya |date=13 July 2023 |title=TECH Talk: If the Big 3 had a baby, his name would be Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic ya bayyana cewa Alcaraz yana haɗa "mafi kyau daga dukkanin duniyoyi uku" na wasansa, na Federer, da kuma na Nadal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wimbledon: Novak Djokovic praises 'complete' champion Carlos Alcaraz as blend of Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and himself after epic final |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723081913/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025 |work=Sky Sports |language=en-GB |url-status=live}}</ref> Rashin nasarar Alcaraz yana samuwa akai-akai a gajeren wasanni, musamman a tsarin saiti biyu cikin uku (best-of-three). A wani lokaci ana sukarsa saboda rashin daidaiton sakamako, a dukkanin wasanni da lokutan gasar (seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilander's honest diagnosis of Alcaraz's problem: "He is going to be quite inconsistent" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2025/04/01/wilanders-honest-diagnosis-of-alcarazs-problem-he-is-going-to-be-quite-inconsistent |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz da kansa ya yi ikirarin cewa ba ya iya yin wasa mai kyau ba tare da yana jin dadin kansa a fili ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza |first=Alejandro |date=26 April 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the last great virtuoso of tennis |url=https://english.elpais.com/sports/2023-04-26/carlos-alcaraz-the-last-great-virtuoso-of-tennis.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref> Amsar Alcaraz sau da yawa ana yaba mata saboda kirkirar fasaha a fili da kyan gani na wasansa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is the most exciting player in men's tennis and he will only get better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/27/carlos-alcaraz-is-the-best-in-the-world-and-he-is-only-going-to-get-better |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=10 June 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is already remarkable but has plenty of improvement still to come |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/10/tennis-french-open-carlos-alcaraz |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin "mutum mai samar da bidiyoyi masu kayatarwa" (human highlight reel).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Simon |last2=Amako |first2=Uche |date=2 September 2023 |title=Human highlight reel Carlos Alcaraz and Dan Evans entertain fans in thrilling US Open battle |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/09/02/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-dan-evans-live-score-updates-norrie/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=13 January 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, tennis highlight reel, exits ATP Tour Finals knowing how to improve |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5924985/2024/11/15/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-highlights-atp-tour-finals-result/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=1 July 2023 |title='He's a human highlight reel': the star power of tennis player Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/star-power-tennis-player-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya ce, "A fili yake, ina son lashe kowane wasa da nake bugawa, amma a lokaci guda, ina son jin dadi, in gwada abubuwa daban-daban, in sa mutane su ji dadin kallon tennis da kallon wasannina. Wani lokaci ina magana da kaina game da abin da ya fi muhimmanci: ko in yi nasara ko kuma in yi abubuwa masu kyau."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |date=4 September 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's attitude is as transfixing as his tennis |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/09/04/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-style/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> == Masu horarwa da tawaga (Coaches and team) == Masu horar da Alcaraz a lokacin yarinta sune Kiko Navarro da Carlos Santos.<ref name="ChildhoodCoach"/> A watan Satumban 2018, Alcaraz mai shekaru goma sha biyar ya koma [[Villena]] domin fara horo a [[Ferrero Tennis Academy]] a karkashin Jagorancin [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]], wanda ya zama kocin kansa.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Juan Carlos Ferrero será el nuevo coach de Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626171617/https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Equelite JC Ferrero Sport Academy |language=es}}</ref> Ferrero ya ƙi amincewa da buƙatun horarwa da yawa daga manyan 'yan wasa domin kawai ya horar da Alcaraz.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Ferrero enjoying life as coach of rising star Alcaraz |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/ferrero-enjoying-life-as-coach-of-rising-star-alcaraz/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cascales: "La clave es que Alcaraz no pierda la ambición" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/2024/11/14/cascales-clave-alcaraz-no-pierda-ambicion |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=es}}</ref> Haɗin gwiwartu ta sami yabo sosai: Ferrero ya lashe lambar yabo ta [[ATP Awards|ATP Coach of the Year Award]] a shekarar 2022 da 2025. A watan Disamba na 2025, Alcaraz ba tare da tsammani ba ya sanar da cewa shi da Ferrero sun raba jiha bayan shekaru bakwai.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2025 |title=Alcaraz splits with Ferrero, who says 'I wish I could have continued' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-split-december-2025 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=atptour.com |publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, an sanar da cewa [[Samuel López (tennis coach)|Samuel López]], tsohon mamban tawagar horarwa ta Ferrero, zai shiga tawagar Alcaraz domin yin aiki a karkashin Ferrero a matsayin kochi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Alcaraz adds Samuel Lopez to his coaching team |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/alcaraz-adds-samuel-lopez-to-his-coaching-team-798371.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan tashi daga aikin na Ferrero, ya zama babban kocin Alcaraz na lokacin gasar 2026.<ref name="Jurejko" /> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ma'aikata iri ɗaya kusan tun lokacin da ya zo tour. Tawagarsa ta haɗa da mai horar da motsa jiki Alberto Lledó, mai maganin gargajiya/taimakon jiki (physiotherapist) Juanjo Moreno, likita Juanjo López, da kuma wakili Albert Molina. Ɗan uwansa Álvaro yana aiki a matsayin mai taya shi [[hitting partner|horon harbi]] na tsawon lokaci kuma, tun daga 2026, kocin taimakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is how Carlos Alcaraz's team looks ahead to 2025 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/12/13/this-is-how-carlos-alcarazs-team-looks-ahead-to-2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals why brother Alvaro will 'take on more prominence' in his team|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-reveals-brother-will-take-on-more-prominence-as-new-team-role-emerges|website=Tennis365|date=2026-01-23|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Oli Dickson|last=Jefford}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz ya naɗa abokinsa na ƙuruciya Fran Rubio a matsayin ƙarin physiotherapist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=5 February 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz adds close friend and trusted figure to his team |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-adds-close-friend-and-trusted-figure-to-his-coaching-team |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma yana aiki da masanin halayyar dan adam na wasanni Isabel Balaguer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz sees psychologist in bid to beat Novak Djokovic on Centre Court |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/07/15/carlos-alcaraz-psychologist-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Waje da filin wasa (Off the court) == === Yarjejeniyar tallata samfura (Endorsements) === Nike ke ɗaukar nauyin Alcaraz wajen sutura da takalma, sannan Babolat yana ɗaukar nauyinsa wajen raket na wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |title=Brands That Sponsor Carlos Alcaraz |date=8 September 2021 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403192832/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Yana yin wasa da raket din Babolat Pure Aero 98, tare da zare na RPM Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |title='There will never be another Rafa. I am Carlos.' |work=Babolat.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052956/https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin Rolex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |title=Tennis – Rolex Timeless Luxury Watches |work=Rolex.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516181416/https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Now a Rolex Ambassador |date=23 January 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521225311/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, ya fito a cikin yakin tallata tufafin cikin gida na kamfanin kera sutura na Amurka Calvin Klein na shekarar 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bein |first=Kat |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Strips Down For Calvin Klein Underwear Campaign |url=http://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311171114/https://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |magazine=Gotham Magazine}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, ya zama ambassadan alamar Louis Vuitton.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hess |first=Liam |date=28 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is Louis Vuitton's Newest Ambassador |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703164528/https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=Vogue}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ambassada ne na bankin Brazil Itaú Unibanco,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz estrela nova campanha de Itaú Personnalité sobre tênis |url=https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=propmark |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626122423/https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |archive-date=26 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kamfanin kayan kwalliyar fata na kasar Sifaniya Isdin,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the new tennis star |publisher=Isdin.com |date=12 September 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194358/https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> kamfanin abinci na Sifaniya ElPozo,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Brand Ambassador for ELPOZO |work=ElPozo Alimentación – |publisher=Elpozo.com |date=13 June 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232420/https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus BMW a karkashin reshensu na BMW Spain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |title=Carlos Alcaraz talks with the youngest in his official presentation with BMW Spain |newspaper=BMW Group Pressclub |publisher=BMW Group |date= |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194405/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2025, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin abinci na kasa da kasa Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone X Alcaraz |url=https://www.danone.com/newsroom/press-releases/danone-x-alcaraz.html |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=www.danone.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan kuma, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar ruwan kwalba na Faransa Evian, wanda yake karkashin kamfanin Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Evian snaps up Carlos Alcaraz as brand ambassador |url=https://www.marketing-beat.co.uk/2025/06/26/carlos-alcaraz-evian-brand/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2025, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar YoPRO, alamar yogurt mai dauke da sinadarin gina jiki mai yawa wadda ita ma ke karkashin Danone, tare da 'yar uwar alamar Oikos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandelwal |first=Aashay |date=16 July 2025 |title=YoPRO fortifies active lifestyles with Carlos Alcaraz's partnership |url=https://sportsmintmedia.com/yopro-fortifies-active-lifestyles-with-carlos-alcaraz-partnership/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=SportsMint Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oster |first=Danielle |title=Oikos Names Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/408374/oikos-names-tennis-star-carlos-alcaraz-global-bran.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=www.mediapost.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, kamfanin Babolat wanda ya dade yana daukar nauyin Alcaraz ya sanar da fitar da jerin raket da jakunkuna na kasuwanci na "Carlitos Junior" domin matasan 'yan wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Europa |date=2026-02-17 |title=Babolat lanza la primera gama Carlitos junior inspirada en Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.europapress.es/deportes/tenis-00166/noticia-babolat-lanza-primera-gama-carlitos-junior-inspirada-carlos-alcaraz-20260217131949.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.europapress.es}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2026, Alcaraz ya zama ambassada na Sunreef Yachts, kuma ya sayi jirgin ruwa na Ultima 88 catamaran, biyo bayan shawara daga abokin ambassadanci Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-25 |title=Tennis player Carlos Alcaraz buys Sunreef Ultima 88 catamaran |url=https://www.superyachttimes.com/yacht-news/carlos-alcaraz-buys-sunreef-ultima-88-catamaran |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=SYT}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2026, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassada na kamfanin fasaha na kasa da kasa na Indiya Infosys, wanda kuma yake samar da bayanan tennis ga ATP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Infosys |title=7-Time Grand Slam Champion Carlos Alcaraz is Infosys Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/7-time-grand-slam-champion-carlos-alcaraz-is-infosys-global-brand-ambassador-302743087.html |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2026, ya zama ambassada na Ant International, reshen biyan kudi da fasahar kudi (fintech) na kasar Singapore wanda ke karkashin kamfanin Ant Group na kasar Sinar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Ant International Names Tennis World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.financemagnates.com/fintech/ant-international-names-tennis-world-no-1-carlos-alcaraz-global-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=Financial and Business News {{!}} Finance Magnates |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, Forbes ta yi iyakar kimanta cewa Alcaraz shi ne ɗan wasan tennis mai fafatawa mafi samun kudin shiga, ta hanyar hada kudin tallace-tallace da kudaden kyaututtukan nasara, a shekara ta biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Brett |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2024/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2024/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2025">{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Brett |date=22 August 2025 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2025/08/22/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2025/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Sportico ta yi kiyasin cewa Alcaraz shi ne dan wasan motsa jiki na goma a duniya mafi samun kudi daga tallata samfura (ba a tsallake kudaden kyaututtuka ba) a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badenhausen |first=Kurt |date=2026-01-14 |title=Highest-Paid Athletes in the World: Ronaldo Leads Top 100 With $260M |url=https://www.sportico.com/personalities/athletes/2026/worlds-highest-paid-athletes-cristiano-ronaldo-1234880803/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Sportico.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === A cikin kafafen yanar gizo da al'adu da aka sani (In the media and popular culture) === Alcaraz ya bayyana a lokuta biyu na shirin docuseries na Netflix na Break Point,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |title=What happened after Carlos Alcaraz and Holger Rune's Wimbledon clash on 'Break Point' Season 2? |website=[[tennis.com]] |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023609/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |url-status=live}}</ref> kuma ya fafata da Rafael Nadal a The Netflix Slam, wani wasan tennis na kai tsaye da MGM Resorts International ta shirya a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Donelly |first=Matt |date=March 4, 2024 |title=The Netflix Slam Gave Great Live Tennis – And Even Better Streaming Marketing |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304204808/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Alcaraz shine mauduyu na shirin Netflix Carlos Alcaraz: My Way, wanda ya nadar da lokacin wasansa na shekarar 2024 kuma aka fitar da shi a ranar 23 ga Afirilu, 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz Sets Netflix Docuseries, Promises "Everything You Don't See on a Tennis Court" |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=14 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314171436/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin mai kashi uku ya maida hankali ne kan saɓani tsakanin Alcaraz da tawagarsa yayin da yake kokarin daidaita burinsa na kafa tarihi a wasan tennis da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum ta saurayi mai shekaru 21. Ya haɗa da fitowar Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Garbiñe Muguruza, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Björn Borg, da John McEnroe tare da sauran gwanayen wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |date=24 April 2025 |title=What Carlos Alcaraz's 'My Way' Netflix docuseries says about his tennis present and future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6304336/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-my-way-netflix-review-analysis/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2025, Barney Ronay na jaridar The Guardian ya bayyana Alcaraz a matsayin "dan wasa mai ban sha'awa a duniya a halin yanzu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=5 April 2025 |title=Glazed Carlos Alcaraz perfect for the online world but still jarringly human |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/apr/05/glazed-carlos-alcaraz-perfect-for-the-online-world-but-still-jarringly-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An san shi da murmushi mai faɗi da kuma kwarjini a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz looks unbeatable – and has never lost his smile |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/37794353/carlos-alcaraz-looks-unbeatable-never-lost-smile |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The smile, grit & history-making |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-it-all-adds-up |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami kulawar kafafen yanar gizo sosai a waje da filin wasa saboda rayuwarsa ta sirri, musamman tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Ibiza.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=15 June 2025 |title=Buoyant Carlos Alcaraz to continue with his mid-season party breaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/15/carlos-alcaraz-french-open-ibiza-queens-club-tennis |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 June 2025 |title=A year after angering his boss with a session in Ibiza, Carlos Alcaraz is at it again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2025/06/15/carlos-alcaraz-ibiza-party-celebrate-french-open-win/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Zabubbukan askin gashinsa na Alcaraz, musamman askinsa na ras (buzz cut) da bai tsara ba a gasar US Open ta 2025 da kuma fenti rawaya da ya sa wa gashinsa daga baya, sun dauki hankalin kafofin yada labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-26 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's shaved head makes its US Open debut in his first-round win |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-open-2025-carlos-alcaraz-haircut-f051897769c252a05629f2d020572d89 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-24 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Debuts His Boldest Haircut Yet at Rolex Paris Masters |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/serve/style/carlos-alcaraz-debuts-his-boldest-haircut-yet-at-rolex-paris-masters |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Serve On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da yin zanen jiki (tattoo) domin tunawa da nasarorin gasar Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Australian Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz plans kangaroo tattoo, Novak Djokovic wins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cj65576e66ko |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Jaridar The New York Times ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mutane mafi gayu" na shekarar 2025, kuma GQ ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis maza mafi gayu a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Styles Desk |date=2025-12-07 |title=The 67 Most Stylish People of 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/07/style/best-dressed-people-2025.html |access-date=2025-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Remsen |first=Nick |date=2026-08-20 |title=The 18 Most Stylish Men’s Tennis Players of All Time |url=https://www.gq.com/story/most-stylish-male-tennis-players-ever |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar US Open ta 2026, Nike ta kaddamar da tarin tufafin wasa na Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Performance Collection tare da hadin gwiwar Alcaraz da Travis Scott, wanda Alcaraz ya sanya a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Buy: Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Nike Performance Collection |url=https://houseofheat.co/nike/travis-scott-x-nike-zoom-vapor-12-hc-jj2180-100 |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=House of Heat° |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an samu muhawara a kafofin yada labarai lokacin da Alcaraz ya fasa raket dinsa a bainar jama'a a karon farko a lokacin wasa a Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Alcaraz sorry for overreaction, destroying racket |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/40895640/carlos-alcaraz-apologizes-smashing-racket-tough-loss |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya gabatar da hakuri a bainar jama'a.<ref name="RacquetSmash" /> Alcaraz kuma an san shi da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da kafofin yada labarai. Bayan rashin nasararsa a gasar US Open ta 2024, ya bayyana cewa, "Na dauki matakai baya, kamar ban komai da kyau a bangaren lafiyar kwakwalwa, ba ni da karfi. Ban san yadda zan sarrafa kaina ba yayin da nake fuskantar matsaloli kuma ban san yadda zan bi da shi ba."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: 'I feel like I've gone backwards mentally' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-us-open-2024-r2-reaction-spanish |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Biyo bayan rashin nasara a Indian Wells a shekarar 2025, ya amince cewa ya ji "rashin natsuwa a duk tsawon ranar", kuma bayan nasara a Monte Carlo bayan wata daya, ya ce ya kasance yana "fuskantar matsaloli wajen shiga filin wasa" har ma ya yi tunanin daukar dogon hutu daga wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nervous Carlos Alcaraz: I worried more about Draper than my own game |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2025-semifinal-reaction |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Montegan |first=Christian |date=14 April 2025 |title='I was struggling': Alcaraz wins Monte Carlo after 'tough month', sends mental health reminder |url=https://www.thefirstserve.com.au/post/i-was-struggling-alcaraz-wins-monte-carlo-tough-month-sends-reminder-that-players-are-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The First Serve |language=en}}</ref> Masu sharhi daban-daban, ciki har da Andy Roddick, Boris Becker, da Andrea Petkovic, sun jaddada irin gaskiyarsa ta musamman game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=Liam |date=23 April 2025 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz is currently doing something which no tennis player before him ever has |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-is-currently-doing-something-which-no-tennis-player-before-him-ever-has/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Ethan |date=19 March 2025 |title=Roddick Questions Alcaraz's Openness About Mental Insecurity Following Indian Wells Loss |url=https://motorcyclesports.net/roddick-questions-alcarazs-openness-about-mental-insecurity-following-indian-wells-loss/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=M Sports |language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Ewan |date=25 April 2025 |title=Boris Becker warns Carlos Alcaraz's team they are 'demanding too much' of him |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/boris-becker-warning-carlos-alcaraz-mental-health-advice |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An saka Alcaraz a cikin jerin sunaye na Time 100 Next a shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next: Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2022/6213921/carlos-alcaraz/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunaye na ''50 Names in the Boardroom''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=The List: 50 Names In The Boardroom |url=https://boardroom.tv/2025-the-list-cover-story/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Boardroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ayyukan jin ƙai === A watan Afrilun 2024, Alcaraz ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da gidauniyar Carlos Alcaraz Garfia Foundation, da nufin inganta rayuwar yara marasa galihu. Gidauniyar tana da hedkwatarta a El Palmar kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da makarantun yankin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |title=Alcaraz launches foundation to support children in need |date=26 April 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090834/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |language=spanish |title=Fundación Alcaraz |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090836/https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Gidauniyar Alcaraz ta samar da motocin bas don sufurin masu aikin sa-kai bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta gaggawa a Valencia a shekara ta 2024, inda a lokacin guda Alcaraz da Juan Carlos Ferrero suka gudanar da gwanjon sadaka domin tara kuɗaɗe ga waɗanda lamarin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=6 November 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz and coach Ferrero help Valencians hit by dramatic flood |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/149583/carlos-alcaraz-and-coach-ferrero-help-valencians-hit-by-dramatic-flood/ |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2024, Alcaraz ya ƙaddamar da baje koli na gidauniyarsa mai taken "Los Pies en la Tierra" a Murcia, yana mai fito da muhimmancin ba da daidaiton damammaki ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Carlos Alcaraz Foundation inaugurates its Los Pies en la Tierra exhibition |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-foundation-exhibition-inauguration |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Baje kolin ya zagaya zuwa sauran yankunan ƙasar Sifaniya, gami da Madrid da Seville, a shekarun 2025 da 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los tesoros de Alcaraz darán el salto de Murcia a toda España |url=https://castellonplaza.com/castellonplaza/deportes4966/los-tesoros-de-alcaraz-daran-el-salto-de-murcia-a-toda-espana |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Castellón Plaza |language=es}}</ref> === Sa hannu a sauran wasanni === Alcaraz masoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke goyon bayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sifaniya ta Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Madrid Stars Support Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-real-madrid-vini-rodrygo-madrid-2023 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2026, ya gabatar da kofin duniya na FIFA a madadin Louis Vuitton kafin wasan ƙarshe na tsakanin Sifaniya da Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waller |first=Thomas |date=2026-07-20 |title=Louis Vuitton Sets the Stage for Spain’s World Cup Victory |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/louis-vuitton-trophy-trunk-spains-world-cup-2026-victory-1239076049/ |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi sosai wajen nuna goyon baya na fili ga sauran 'yan wasan Sifaniya da dama, ciki har da matuƙin motar Formula One Fernando Alonso da kuma ɗan wasan MMA ɗan asalin Jojiya da Sifaniya Ilia Topuria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz's Passion For F1: 'What Fernando Alonso Is Doing Is Crazy!' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-formula-one-miami-2023-feature |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz meets Ilia Topuria in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2024-ilia-topuria-meeting |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma gwanin taka leda ne a wasannin golf da na ciki (chess). A shekara ta 2023, dandalin Chess.com ya ƙira wani na'urar robot (bot) na Carlos Alcaraz wanda kowane mai amfani da dandalin zai iya ƙalubalanta a shafin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz The Chess Player |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-chess-feature-november-2023 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Timelines na sakamakon gasar Grand Slam === {{Performance key|short=yes}} ''Zuwa gasar [[2026 US Open – Men's singles|2026 US Open]].'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!SR!!W–L!!Rabon Nasara % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Australian Open |A |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=eaecf0|1 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|18–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=18|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|French Open |style=background:#ecf2ff|Q1 |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|25–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=25|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Wimbledon |style=color:#767676|NH |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |style=background:thistle|F |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|24–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=24|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|US Open |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 6 |bgcolor=eaecf0|28–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=28|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" |style=textalign:left|Nasara–Kaye |0–0 |8–4 |16–3 |17–2 |19–2 |24–2 |11–1 |7 / 21 |95–14 |{{tennis win percentage|won=95|lost=14|integer=yes}} |} === Wasan karshe na gasar Grand Slam === ==== Guda daya: 8 (7 kofuna, 1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="sortable wikitable nowrap" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !class=unsortable|Maki |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2022 |style=background:#ccf|US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|NOR}} Casper Ruud |6–4, 2–6, 7–6^(7–1), 6–3 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2023 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |1–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–1, 3–6, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open |Clay |{{flagicon|GER}} Alexander Zverev |6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–2, 6–2, 7–6^(7–4) |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |{{nowrap|4–6, 6–7^(4–7), 6–4, 7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(10–2)}} |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 4–6 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ccf|US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |2–6, 6–2, 6–3, 7–5 |} === Timeline din samun nasara a ATP Finals === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:96%;" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!width=35| SR !! width=35| W–L !!width=35|Rabon Nasara % |- |style="background:#efefef;" align=left|ATP Finals |colspan=2 style=color:#767676|DNQ |A{{Efn|Ya samu nasarar shiga amma bai sa mu damar bugawa ba saboda rauni}} |style=background:yellow|SF |style=background:#afeeee|RR |style=background:thistle|F | |bgcolor=efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=efefef|7–5 |bgcolor=efefef|{{tennis win percentage|won=7|lost=5|integer=yes}} |} === ATP Finals === ==== Guda daya: 1 (1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Sakamako ! Shekara ! Gasar ! Sama ! Abokin karawa ! class="unsortable" | Maki |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#ffffcc|ATP Finals |Hard (i) |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |} === Gasar Wasannin Olimpic na Bazara === ==== Guda daya: 1 (Lambar azurfa) ==== {|class="wikitable" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !width=140 class="unsortable"| Maki |- |bgcolor=FFA07A |Kaye |2024 |style=background:#ffea5c|Paris Olympics |Clay |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–7^(3–7), 6–7^(2–7) |} == Tarihi da Rahotanni == === Tarihin duk lokaci === {| class="wikitable" !Lamari !Tun daga !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- | rowspan="2" |'''Grand Slam tournaments''' | rowspan="2" |1877 |Samun nasarar manyan kofuna biyu bayan ceto maki 1+ na match points |Rod Laver <br />Novak Djokovic |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |} === Tarihin zamanin Open Era === * Waɗannan rahotannin an same su ne a zamanin Open Era na wasan tennis da kuma cikin gasar ATP Masters 1000 tun daga shekara ta 1990. * Tarihin da ke da rubutu na '''baki mai kauri''' yana nuna nasarorin da babu wanda ya taba samun irinsu. {| class="wikitable" !Tsawon lokaci !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- |2021 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai matakin quarterfinal a US Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2021|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="5" |2022 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar ATP 500 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|2|21}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Miami Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|4|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Wins First ATP Masters 1000 Title In Miami |work=ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404162129/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Madrid Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|5|8}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest player to win the Madrid Open title |url=https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110826/https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya zama ATP world No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|9|12}}<ref name="ATPWorldNo1" /> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala shekara a matsayin ATP No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|11|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="1" |2023 |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a gasar mafi kyawun saiti uku (awanni 3, mintuna 49) |Novak Djokovic |- |rowspan="4" |2024 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofunan guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|6|9}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Joyce |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is the Youngest Man To Win Grand Slam Titles on All Three Surfaces Following French Open Win |url=https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Hype Beast |date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610110339/https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |url-status=live}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar Channel Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|7|14}} <br /> ''Lasa gasar French Open da Wimbledon a shekara guda'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe na naɗin lambar yabo a gasar Olympic – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|8|2}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="8" |2025 |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida (indoor), da na waje (outdoor hard court) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe kofunan ATP guda ɗaya a filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida, da na waje – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|2|9}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ceto maki 3+ na neman nasara (championship points) domin lashe manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ya samu nasara a manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) daga rashin nasara a saiti biyu na farko |Björn Borg<br />Ivan Lendl<br />Andre Agassi<br />Gastón Gaudio<br />Dominic Thiem<br />Novak Djokovic<br />Rafael Nadal<br />Jannik Sinner |- |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a French Open da aka taɓa yi (awanni 5, mintuna 29) |Jannik Sinner |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe dukkan Big American Titles – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|8|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-breaks-pete-sampras-31-year-old-world-record-article-152485225 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Creates History; Breaks Pete Sampras' 31-Year-Old World Record |website=Times Now |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=5 September 2025}}</ref> <br /> ''Lashe US Open, Indian Wells, Miami Open, da Cincinnati Open a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau uku a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala double career Surface Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|7}} <br /> ''Lashe kofuna masu yawa akan dukkan samfurin filaye a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="4" |2026 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasannin kofuna (major tournament) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau 4 a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofuna bakwai guda ɗaya – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major milestone: Alcaraz completes Slam set with AO 2026 title {{!}} AO|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/major-milestone-alcaraz-completes-slam-set-ao-2026-title|website=ausopen.com|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Alcaraz ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa kamar haka: '''Kyaututtukan ƙwararru''' *ATP Newcomer of the Year – 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz On Winning Newcomer Of The Year: 'I'm So Happy' {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-newcomer-of-the-year-2020 |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe ATP Player of the Year – 2022, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz headlines 2025 ATP Awards; Jannik Sinner, Valentin Vacherot among winners |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/atp-awards-2025-all-winners |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Most Improved Player – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Named Most Improved Player Of The Year In 2022 ATP Awards {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-awards-2022-most-improved-player-of-the-year |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award – 2023, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=9 December 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins prestigious ATP award for second time |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-picks-up-prestigious-award-stefan-edberg |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Hot Shot of the Year – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins 2025 Hot Shot of the Year |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-best-of-2025-hot-shot |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ITWA Player Ambassador Award – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Clay |date=26 August 2025 |title=Van Tuinen and Varela Nahmías received awards at the ITWA 2025 Gala in New York, which also honoured Alcaraz and Gauff |url=https://www.claytenis.com/cov/itwa-gala-new-york-van-tuinen-varela-nahmias-alcaraz-gauff/ |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=CLAY |language=en}}</ref> '''Kyaututtukan kafofin sada zumunta da watsa labarai''' *Best Tennis Player ESPY Award – 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2026 |title=ESPYs 2026 Winners: See the Complete List |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1433939/espys-2026-winners-see-the-complete-list-live-updates |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=E! Online}}</ref> *Sau 3 ya lashe Sports Press Association na yankin Murcia — Zakaran ɗan wasa na shekara – 2021,{{efn|Ya raba kyautar da Pedro Acosta.}} 2024, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Acosta and tennis star Alcaraz share top athlete award |url=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/180601 |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The Official Home of MotoGP |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Talking about 2024 is complicated for me: ups and downs, hard moments of injuries and doubts" |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/tennis/2171213-carlos-alcaraz-talking-about-2024-is-complicated-for-me-ups-and-downs-hard-moments-of-injuries-and-doubts |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=28 November 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz named region's best athlete for 2025 – Murcia's finest |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/161784/carlos-alcaraz-named-region-s-best-athlete-for-2025-murcia-s-finest/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> *Spanish Sportsman of the Year – 2022{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Breakthrough of the Year – 2023{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Sportsman of the Year – 2026<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-laureus-world-sportsman-of-the-year-2026 |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> '''Girmamawa''' *Lambar Yabo ta Zinare ta Yankin Murcia (''Medalla d'Or de la Región de Murcia'') – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Hot Shots: Rafael Nadal and Carlos Alcaraz celebrate in Spain |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-06-10/hot_shots_rafael_nadal_and_carlos_alcaraz_celebrate_in_spain.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=US Open}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Time'' 100 Next (Phenoms) – 2022<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next |url=https://time.com/collections/time100-next-2022/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Time}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Forbes'' 30 Under 30 (Turai - Wasanni da Wasannin Motsa Jiki) – 2023<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 March 2023 |title=30 Under 30 Europe 2023 - Sports & Games |url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2023/europe/sports-games |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> *Kyautar Sarki Felipe (''Premio Rey Felipe'') – 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title= Alcaraz receives King Felipe Award |url= https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-king-felipe-award-april-2024 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> *Jerin ''Forbes'' na 'yan wasan tennis 10 mafi samun kudin shiga a duniya – 2025 (#1)<ref name="Forbes2025" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o8ljjxrom5ejq1i3f4rl5959tf82rwo 966799 966798 2026-10-12T12:08:42Z Nura Bello 24854 966799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carlos Alcaraz Garfia''' {{Efn|{{IPA|es|ˈkaɾlos alkaˈɾaθ ˈɣaɾfja|lang}};<ref>{{cite web |title=The pronunciation by Carlos Alcaraz himself |url=https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |work=ATPWorldTour.com |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412223748/https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |url-status=live}} </ref>}} (an haife shi ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[tennis]] ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. An sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a duniya a gasar maza marasa aure ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Tennis (ATP) tsawon makonni 66, kuma ya kammala a matsayin na 1 a ƙarshen shekara ta 2022 da [[Tafiya ta ATP ta 2025|2025]] . Alcaraz ya lashe kofuna 26 na matakin ATP Tour, ciki har da manyan gasa bakwai da kuma kofuna takwas na ATP Masters 1000 . Shi ne mutum na tara kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a cikin 'yan wasa marasa aure. Alcaraz, wanda matashi ne, ya lashe gasar karshe ta Next Gen ATP kuma ya lashe kyautar sabon shiga na ATP na shekarar 2020. A shekarar 2022, Alcaraz ya lashe babban kambunsa na farko a gasar US Open . Ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a Zamanin Buɗewa da aka sanya shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya, a 19 shekaru, 130 kwanaki da suka wuce, kuma sun kammala shekarar a matsayin mafi ƙarancin shekaru a ƙarshen shekara a tarihin ATP . Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Wimbledon a shekarar 2023, inda ya doke zakaran gasar [[Novak Djokovic]] sau bakwai a wasan karshe . A shekarar 2024, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar French Open ta farko kuma ya kare kambunsa a Wimbledon, inda ya zama matashin da ya lashe gasar " Channel Slam ". A shekarar 2025, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan karshe na tarihi don lashe gasar French Open, da kuma gasar US Open, sannan ya kare a matsayin lamba 1 a duniya a karo na biyu. A shekarar 2026, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Grand Slam ta bakwai a gasar Australian Open, kuma ya zama matashin da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a shekarar. 22 shekaru, 272 kwanaki da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes Career Grand Slam &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2026-career-grand-slam |access-date=6 July 2026 |website=Atptour.com}}</ref> An san shi da salon wasansa na faɗa da kuma nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri. == Farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Carlos Alcaraz Garfia a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003, a El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, ga iyaye Carlos Alcaraz González da Virginia Garfia Escandón. Alcaraz yana da babban ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Álvaro, da ƙannensa biyu, Sergio da Jaime. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz's Family: All About the Tennis Champion's Parents and Siblings |url=https://people.com/all-about-carlos-alcaraz-family-parents-siblings-7814256 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara buga wasan tennis yana da shekaru huɗu a Real Sociedad Club de Campo de Murcia, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance kocin wasan tennis kuma mai kula da kulob. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar tallace-tallace a IKEA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Se Destapa En Vogue |url=http://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifin Alcaraz ya taɓa buga wasan tennis amma ya daina neman sana'arsa ta ƙwararru tun yana matashi, domin ba zai iya biyan kuɗin sa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moya |first=Francisco J. |date=6 April 2022 |title=El abuelo de Carlos Alcaraz, de la receta de las tres 'C' a la "alegría, el orgullo y el alivio" |url=https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021526/https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=La Verdad |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Mi padre tenía muchas raquetas y el club estaba al lado de casa" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.amp.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=www.lavanguardia.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko da Babolat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=28 October 2025 |title=Who are Carlos Alcaraz's big sponsors? Massive Nike deal and stripping to his underwear for Calvin Klein |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-features/carlos-alcarazs-sponsors-20m-nike-deal-chief-progress-officer |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya kalli yadda yake fafatawa yana da shekaru 11, wakilin IMG Albert Molina ya gane Carlos a matsayin fitaccen mai baiwa kuma ya nemi shawo kan iyayensa su yi aiki tare da shi; mahaifinsa ya amince a ƙarshe lokacin da Carlos yake da shekaru 12. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signed At 12, Carlos Alcaraz Investment Now Paying Rich Dividends {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/how-carlos-alcaraz-has-built-a-winning-team |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2025 |title=Who Sits in Carlos Alcaraz's Player's Box? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/articles/sits-carlos-alcarazs-players-box-130000828.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Yahoo Life |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title="Carlos and I are almost the same person, we think the same way" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/exclusive-interview-with-alcaraz-coach-juan-carlos-ferrero-carlos-and-i-are-almost-the-same-person-we-think-the-same-way-670345.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz yakan kasance tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Álvaro, wanda ke aiki a matsayin abokin wasansa na bugun ƙwallo kuma mataimakin kocinsa. A lokacin hutun kakar wasa ta tennis, yana zaune a gidan iyayensa da ke Murcia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz is already training on the clay in Murcia with his sights set on Paris 2024 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/07/18/alcaraz-is-already-training-on-the-clay-in-murcia-with-his-sights-set-on-paris-2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Abokansa da iyalansa suna kiransa "Carlitos" ko "Charly". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=1 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals the nickname has given himself |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-nickname-carlitos-interview-press-conference |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Shi [[Cocin katolika|ɗan Katolika]] ne, kuma ya sami albarka daga firistoci kafin manyan gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz makes time for blessing amid US Open pressure |url=https://aleteia.org/2025/08/25/heres-the-catholic-way-carlos-alcaraz-prepares-for-us-open/ |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Macken: The athletic side of the newest saints |url=https://bccatholic.ca/voices/pat-macken-bccath/macken-the-athletic-side-of-the-newest-saints |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=The B.C. Catholic |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙarami == A lokacin yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya fafata a wajen Spain a karon farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 10 a Croatia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz – the Birth of One Boy's Dreams, the Death of One Man's Hopes {{!}} InsideTennis.com |url=https://www.insidetennis.com/2023/06/carlos-alcaraz-the-birth-of-one-boys-dreams-the-death-of-one-mans-hopes/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya sha kashi a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=The 'brutal charisma' and staggering game of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/33944927/heir-apparent-carlos-alcaraz-ready-complete-tennis-takeover-2022-french-open |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya zama memba na hukuma a ƙungiyar Babolat, daga baya ya shiga jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da suka fi shahara a duniya tun yana ɗan shekara 13. A shekarar 2015, Alcaraz ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 12 ta Rafa Nadal Tour Masters, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=James |date=1 August 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's little brother notches a win on Rafa Nadal Tour |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcarazs-little-brother-jaime-notches-win-rafa-nadal-tour |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Alcaraz ta ji daɗin kakar wasa mai ban mamaki a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14. Ya lashe XIV Taça Internacional Maia Jovem, ya doke Daniel Rincón a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz and Radulova reign on clay in Maia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F111601%2FAlcaraz-and-Radulova-reign-on-clay-in-Maia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya kama Babolat Cup. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U12 Babolat Cup International Masters Finals – Roberta Gaskell Crowned Champion – Yorkshire Tennis |url=https://www.yorkshiretennis.org.uk/u12-babolat-cup-international-masters-finals-roberta-gaskell-crowned-champion/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wannan bazarar, ya taimaka wa Spain lashe Kofin bazara na Turai na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=10 July 2017 |title=Spain and Ukraine win 14&U European Summer Cups |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/45284/spain-and-ukraine-win-14ampu-european-summer-cups/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar Sipaniya da ta zo ta biyu zuwa Switzerland a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa na Duniya ta ITF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's younger brother is now set to follow in his footsteps this year |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcarazs-younger-brother-is-now-set-to-follow-in-his-footsteps-this-year/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da haɓɓakarsa a shekarar 2018. A watan Yuli, ya lashe gasar Dutch Junior Open, inda ya doke Filip Kolasinski a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TC Bakkum Dutch Junior Open 2018 |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/tc-bakkum-dutch-junior-open-2018/ned/2018/j-g2-ned-01a-2018/draws-and-results/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma makonni bayan haka ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta hanyar doke Elmer Møller . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz & Bartone victorious at European 16&U Championships |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/121329/Alcaraz-Bartone-victorious-at-European-16U-Championships |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar a gasar cin kofin Junior Davis da aka yi a Budapest, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar cin kofin Spain, inda ya ceci maki a wasa yayin da yake bin Harold Mayot a wasanni daya-daya kafin ya dawo ya lashe wasan da ya fi daukar hankali bayan Faransa ta fara jagoranci. <ref name="ChildhoodCoach">{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 May 2023 |title='This boy was born to be No 1': the making of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601065251/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moran |first=Tom |date=30 September 2018 |title=SPAIN WINS 2018 JUNIOR DAVIS CUP AFTER COMEBACK VICTORY |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/spain-wins-junior-davis-cup-after-comeback-victory/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2019, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar J300 Villena, inda ya doke Illya Beloborodko a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena \ Trofeo Juan Carlos Ferrero (Villena), J300 Boys, 2019-03-26 Tennis Results |url=https://www.coretennis.net/majic/pageServer/0r0100000c/en/tid/73829/Tournament-Rounds.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.coretennis.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/j300-villena/esp/2025/j-j300-esp-2025-001/champions/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a gasar Tennis Europe Junior Tour a shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From European Junior Champion to record breaker: Carlos Alcaraz Garfia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/127560/From-European-Junior-Champion-to-record-breaker-Carlos-Alcaraz-Garfia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ƙarami, ya samu matsayi mafi girma a duniya a fannin aiki na lamba 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia 2025: biography, Career, Net Worth, earnings and titles |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis-player/1348/carlos-alcaraz-garfia/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tennisworldusa.org}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwararru == === 2018–2020: Farawar farko ta ƙwararren ɗan wasa === A watan Fabrairun 2018, yana da shekaru 14, Alcaraz ya buga wasan tennis na farko na ƙwararru a matsayin wanda zai fafata a gasar Spain F5 ITF Futures da ke Murcia. Ya fitar da Federico Gaio, ɗan wasa na biyu kuma ɗan wasa na duniya mai lamba 292 a zagayen farko, kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata. Ya tattara maki biyu na farko na ATP daga wannan gasa, kuma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa na duniya na 1414 a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: How Covid has kept a lid on this mercurial talent |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-how-covid-has-kept-a-lid-on-this-mercurial-talent/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2019, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 15, ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar Challenger wasa a JC Ferrero Challenger da ke Villena. Ya yi nasara a zagayen farko da wani matashi mai suna [[Jannik Sinner]] mai shekaru 17, wanda ya yi nasara a wasanni goma sha shida a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenger TV: Watch Carlos Alcaraz & Jannik Sinner's first meeting ahead of French Open clash |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/watch-alcaraz-sinner-first-meeting-alicante-2019#:~:text=A%2015-year-old%20Alcaraz,one%20hour%20and%2050%20minutes. |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasan Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=3 April 2024 |title=Five Years of Fire: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Jannik Sinner's First Encounter |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/143738/five-years-of-fire-carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner-s-first-encounter/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu da Lukáš Rosol, ɗan wasa na takwas. Mako guda bayan haka a gasar Murcia Open, ya doke Pedro Martínez na biyar a matsayi na biyar kuma na duniya mai lamba 140 a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Addicott |first=Adam |date=10 April 2019 |title=Emulating Nadal, 15-year-old Carlos Alcaraz Stuns Top 150 Player On Challenger Tour |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2019/04/emulating-nadal-15-year-old-carlos-alcaraz-stuns-top-150-player-challenger-tour/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=UBITENNIS |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da lashe kofuna hudu na Challenger, uku daga cikinsu kafin ya kai shekara 18. Shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya kai wasan cin kofin Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Challenger Trieste: 17-year-old Alcaraz wins first title |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/atp-challenger-trieste-17-year-old-alcaraz-wins-first-title |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, yana da shekaru 16, Alcaraz ya fara buga babban wasansa na ATP a Rio Open bayan ya sami katin gargadi na babban wasan guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Carlos Alcaraz grabs 2020 Rio Open wild card for an ATP debut |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215222514/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |archive-date=15 February 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Ya doke Albert Ramos Viñolas, ɗan wasa na duniya na 41, a tseren marathon mai tsawon sa'o'i uku da mintuna 37. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz, 16, Wins ATP Tour Debut In Rio |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/garin-andujar-alcaraz-rio-2020-monday |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe gasar ATP Tour, kuma ya cimma wannan nasarar kafin a haifi kowa a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=18 February 2020 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia, the first player born in 2003 to win an ATP Tour match! |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/ATP_Tennis/84227/carlos-alcaraz-garfia-the-first-player-born-in-2003-to-win-an-atp-tour-match/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=16 April 2025 |title=Diego Dedura-Palomero celebrates wildly after emulating Sinner, Alcaraz, Fonseca |url=https://www.tennis365.com/atp-tour/first-player-born-each-year-win-atp-match-featuring-carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-diego-dedura-palomero |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu ta hannun Federico Coria . A watan Satumba na 2020, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 17, ya buga zagaye na farko na cancantar shiga gasar French Open da aka dage. Ya riƙe maki biyu a wasanni don kayar da Aleksandar Vukic a jere, amma ya ƙare da rashin nasara a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vukic saves two match points in Roland Garros win |url=https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121112837/https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=Tennis Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> === 2021: Gasar ATP ta farko, Zakaran Next Gen === Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a babban wasan da aka buga a gasar Australian Open ta 2021 . Shi ne mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya cancanci shiga gasar tun bayan [[Novak Djokovic]] a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":023">{{Cite web |title=Parallels with Rafa mean no escape for Alcaraz |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/features/parallels-rafa-mean-no-escape-alcaraz |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ausopen.com |language=en}}</ref> Yayin da aka dage babban jadawalin wasannin saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Alcaraz ya buga gasar Great Ocean Road Open a farkon watan Fabrairu, inda Thiago Monteiro ya kayar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiago Monteiro vs. Carlos Alcaraz Melbourne 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/8998/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da aka yi canjaras a gasar Australian Open, Alcaraz ya doke Botic van de Zandschulp a jere. Shi ne kaɗai matashi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka wuce zagaye na farko, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasa a babban wasa. <ref name=":023" /> A zagaye na biyu, Mikael Ymer ya kayar da Alcaraz. [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2021]] Alcaraz ya buga gasannin Challenger da ATP Tour a duk lokacin bazara, ciki har da Gran Canaria Challenger II da Open Occitanie . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco Trungelliti vs. Carlos Alcaraz Gran Canaria 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9458/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallon Griekspoor vs. Carlos Alcaraz Montpellier 2021 1st Round Qualifying &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/375/qs013 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya samu kyaututtuka a gasar Mexican Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun zakaran da ya lashe Alexander Zverev a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Zverev vs. Carlos Alcaraz Acapulco 2021 Round of 32 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/807/ms031 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> a gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Frances Tiafoe a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frances Tiafoe vs. Carlos Alcaraz Barcelona 2021 Round of 64 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/425/ms041 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> da kuma a gasar Andalucía Open, inda ya doke Nikola Milojevic, Feliciano Lopez, da kuma Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na uku a gasar ATP, inda ya shiga gasar ATP mafi zurfi a rayuwarsa. Ya sha kashi a hannun ɗan ƙasarsa Jaume Munar a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaume Munar vs. Carlos Alcaraz Marbella 2021 Semi-Finals &#124; Estadísticas de Partido |url=https://www.atptour.com/es/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9462/ms003 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami nasara a gasar Miami Open, inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na farko a hannun Emil Ruusuvuori . Wannan shine farkon bayyanarsa a gasar ATP Masters 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emil Ruusuvuori vs. Carlos Alcaraz Miami 2021 Round of 128 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/403/ms081 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> An sake ba shi wani kyautar ATP 1000 a gasar Madrid Open . Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar a tarihin gasar bayan ya sha kaye a zagaye na farko a hannun Adrian Mannarino, inda ya karya tarihin da [[Rafael Nadal]] ya kafa a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ya haɗu da Nadal a karon farko da suka haɗu a fagen wasa, kuma ya sha kashi a hannun sa a wasanni biyu a ranar da ya cika shekaru goma sha takwas da haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz on 'Dream' Nadal Clash: 'It's the Best Birthday Present' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504040630/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar Challenger Oeiras III a matsayin ɗan wasa mara matsayi, kuma ya doke Facundo Bagnis a wasan ƙarshe don lashe kambun Challenger na huɗu a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Claims Historic Fourth Challenger Crown |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601170732/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Alcaraz Triumphs at Oeiras Open Challenger |url=https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175712/https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, ya tashi daga matsayi na 114 zuwa na 94 a cikin jerin 'yan wasa na ATP. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 100, da kuma ƙaramin ɗan wasa a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz moves into the top 100 with a Challenger win in Oeiras |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-moves-into-the-top-100-with-a-challenger-win-in-oeiras |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":133">{{Cite web |last=Battersby |first=Kate |date=29 June 2021 |title=Alcaraz making a name |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-06-29/teenager_alcaraz_making_name_for_himself.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> Alcaraz ya samu damar shiga gasar French Open cikin sauƙi, kuma ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Jan-Lennard Struff ya kayar da shi. Shi ne mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai zagaye na uku a Roland Garros cikin shekaru 29, kuma shi ne mafi ƙarami da ya kai wannan matsayi a kowace babbar gasa tun bayan Nadal a 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest man to reach third round in Paris in 29 years |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/alcaraz-becomes-youngest-man-to-reach-third-round-in-paris-in-29-years/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a Wimbledon ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. A zagaye na farko, ya doke Yasutaka Uchiyama a wasan farko na zagaye biyar a rayuwarsa. <ref name=":133" /> Daniil Medvedev, mai lamba 2 a duniya, ya sha kaye a zagaye na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=Alix |date=1 July 2021 |title=Medvedev too strong for teenager |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-07-01/medvedev_too_strong_for_teenager_alcaraz.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Umag Open, inda ya doke Richard Gasquet don lashe gasar ATP ta farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2021 |title=No escaping Carlos Alcaraz: 18-year-old becomes youngest ATP champion since 2008 in Umag |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/umag-atp-250-atp/no-escaping-carlos-alcaraz-18-year-old-becomes-youngest-atp-champion-since-2008-in-umag-436105.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne zakaran ATP mafi ƙarami tun Kei Nishikori a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joao Fonseca makes history in Buenos Aires, wins first ATP Tour title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/cerundolo-fonseca-buenos-aires-2025-final |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A zagaye na uku na gasar US Open, Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas na duniya na 3 a wasan da suka buga a filin wasa na Arthur Ashe a zagaye na biyar. Yana da shekaru 18 da watanni huɗu, Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya doke ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa uku a gasar US Open tun lokacin da aka fara gasar ATP a shekarar 1973. Ya kuma zama mafi ƙarancin mutum a babban zagaye na huɗu tun bayan Andrei Medvedev mai shekaru 17 a gasar French Open ta 1992, kuma mafi ƙarancin mutum a zagaye na huɗu na gasar US Open tun bayan Michael Chang mai shekaru 17 a 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Records Biggest Career Win, Shocks Stefanos Tsitsipas in US Open Thriller |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904001025/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=Alcaraz, 18, stuns Tsitsipas; Tiafoe tops Rublev |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904010845/https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata fainal ta hanyar doke Peter Gojowczyk wanda ya yi nasara a wasan share fage. Ya zama ɗan wasan kwata-kwata na maza na US Open a Zamanin Buɗe Ido, mafi ƙarancin shekaru tun Thomaz Koch a 1963, kuma mafi ƙarami a kowane babban gasa tun Michael Chang a Gasar French Open ta 1990 . Ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da Félix Auger-Aliassime a zagayen kwata-kwata bayan ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Latest: Alcaraz says leg muscle made him stop at Open |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611083455/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, an zabi Alcaraz a matsayi na 30 a gasar ATP Masters 1000, amma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko a hannun [[Andy Murray]] . A gasar Vienna Open makonni biyu bayan haka, Alcaraz ya haɗu da Murray don sake fafatawa kuma ya kayar da shi. Daga nan ya doke Matteo Berrettini, ɗan wasa na 7 a duniya, inda ya lashe gasar a matsayi na biyu a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 a rayuwarsa, sannan ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 35 a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=In his win over Matteo Berrettini, Carlos Alcaraz showed that blurring speed and crisp technique can still prevail against a bigger opponent |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/in-his-win-over-matteo-berrettini-carlos-alcaraz-showed-that-blurring-speed-and- |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=On-song Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final %%page%% – Tennis Majors Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/on-song-zverev-outguns-alcaraz-to-reach-vienna-final-509336.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Paris Masters, Alcaraz ta yi nasara ta uku a kan [[Jannik Sinner|Jannik Sinner,]] ɗan wasa na takwas a gasar ATP a karon farko da suka fafata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigal |first=Joseph |date=3 November 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz stuns Jannik Sinner to open ATP Finals door for Hubert Hurkacz and Cameron Norrie |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-stuns-jannik-sinner-to-open-atp-finals-door-for-hubert-hurkacz-and-cameron-norrie/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennishead |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da haka, a zagaye na 16, Alcaraz bai iya jurewa da jama'ar gida masu cike da tashin hankali suna goyon bayan ɗan Faransa Hugo Gaston ba kuma ya sha kashi a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=5 November 2021 |title=Alcaraz blown away by the most remarkable set of tennis seen in 2021 |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-gaston-paris-comeback |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kammala kakar wasa a gasar Next Gen ATP Finals ; ya cancanci zama na uku a bayan Sinner da Auger-Alissime, amma ya zama na farko bayan sun janye. Ya mamaye zagayen da aka yi don lashe kambun, inda ya fadi wasa daya kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz leaves NextGen behind with Milan magic – Roland-Garros – The official site |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/magic-carlos-alcaraz-wins-nextgen-2021-milan |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us}}</ref> === 2022: Zakaran gasar US Open, lamba 1 a duniya === An zabi Alcaraz a karon farko a wani babban gasa a gasar Australian Open . Ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Matteo Berrettini ya sha kashi a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Carlos Alcaraz Has Done Quicker Than the Big Three |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053743/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=19 January 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan daga baya zai zama wani tabo na musamman a tarihin nasarar da Alcaraz ya samu a jere a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-30 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals how he kept five-set streak alive in Australian Open epic |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-australian-open-five-set-record-zverev-b2910771.html |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A gasar Rio Open, Alcaraz ya lashe kambunsa na farko na ATP 500 ta hanyar doke Diego Schwartzman a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rises to Career-High After Rio de Janeiro Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221233858/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan ƙaramin wanda ya lashe gasar ATP 500 tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri rukunin a shekarar 2009. Ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 mafiya hazaka a gasar ATP a karon farko a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2022. A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran kare kambun Cameron Norrie inda ya kai zagayen farko na wasan kusa da na karshe na ATP Masters 1000, wanda ya sha kashi a hannun [[Rafael Nadal]] . Makonni biyu bayan haka, a gasar Miami Open, Alcaraz ya doke Casper Ruud don lashe kambunsa na farko na 1000. Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar tseren gudu ta maza a tarihin gasar, haka kuma shi ne zakaran tseren gudu ta ATP Masters 1000 na maza mafi ƙaranci tun bayan [[Rafael Nadal]] a Monte-Carlo a 2005. Shi ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Spain na farko da ya lashe gasar Miami. A Monte-Carlo, Alcaraz ya fusata da Sebastian Korda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz exits in windy Monte Carlo against unseeded Sebastian Korda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909091103/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a zagayen kwata na karshe na gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 10 mafiya kwarewa a duniya a karon farko a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=ATP Barcelona: Carlos Alcaraz downs Stefanos Tsitsipas and writes history |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612145924/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas in Barcelona Open thriller to guarantee spot in world's top-10 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-barcelona/2022/carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-in-barcelona-open-thriller-to-guarantee-spot-in-world-s-top-_sto8896118/story.shtml |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya zama mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 tun bayan Nadal a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2005, daidai shekaru 17 da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Alcaraz Downs Tsitsipas Again, Reaches Barcelona Semis |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611054850/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=7 May 2022 |publisher=Tennis Now}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Straight-A Student' Carlos Alcaraz Makes Historic Top 10 Breakthrough |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620021504/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Pablo Carreño Busta inda ya lashe kofin Barcelona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Amazing Alcaraz Wins Barcelona Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=24 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Kwana bayan cikarsa shekaru 19, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran duniya sau biyar, mai lamba 4 a duniya kuma na uku [[Rafael Nadal]] a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar Madrid Open . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Takes Out Rafael Nadal in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506172936/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan ita ce nasarar farko da Alcaraz ya samu a kan Nadal, kuma ita ce haduwarsu ta ƙarshe a matakin Tour. Washegari, Alcaraz ya fuskanci [[Novak Djokovic|Novak Djokovic,]] ɗan wasan duniya na 1, a karon farko da ya haɗu. Bayan sa'o'i uku da mintuna talatin da shida, Alcaraz ya yi nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na uku. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya ci nasara a wasa da lamba 1 a duniya tun bayan Nadal a 2004, kuma ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo da ya taɓa kayar da Nadal da Djokovic a jere a kan yumbu. A wasan ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya wargaza zakaran kare kambun kuma ɗan wasa na 3 a duniya Alexander Zverev cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna huɗu. Ya zama zakara mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin gasar a 19 shekaru, 3 kwanaki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=History-Maker: Alcaraz Continues Rewriting The History Books |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702192848/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, Alcaraz ya hau matsayi mafi girma a duniya a matsayi na 6. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Defeats Alexander Zverev for Madrid Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509071148/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa Alcaraz zai zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so a gasar French Open . A wasan zagaye na biyu da ya yi da Albert Ramos Viñolas, an kai shi zagaye biyar kuma an tilasta masa ya ceci maki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=22 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Londero: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055351/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=28 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Korda: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055352/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz Breaks New Ground With Khachanov Win In Paris |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530163456/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar Wimbledon, Alcaraz ta sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a zagaye na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2022: Jannik Sinner holds on to sink Carlos Alcaraz to make quarter-finals at SW19 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/wimbledon/2022/wimbledon-2022-jannik-sinner-holds-on-to-down-carlos-alcaraz-to-make-quarter-finals-at-sw19_sto9017773/story.shtml |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> A gasar Hamburg Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a karon farko a wasan karshe na ATP da Lorenzo Musetti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2022 |title=Musetti Stuns Alcaraz In Hamburg For His First ATP Tour Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724210823/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, wannan sakamakon ya kai shi ga wani sabon matsayi a duniya a matsayi na 5 a duniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli; ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 5 tun bayan Nadal a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top-5 Alcaraz Sets All-Next Gen Final with Musetti |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724073733/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=24 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Alcaraz Makes History, Cracks Top 5: 'It's Pretty Amazing' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727133536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe na biyu a jere a gasar Croatia Open Umag, a wani rashin nasara da [[Jannik Sinner]] ya yi. Ya zama lamba 4 a duniya a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rides Hot Start into Umag SFS |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730055941/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Beats Giulio Zeppieri to Reach Umag Final |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730195301/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022]] Saurin Alcaraz na Arewacin Amurka bai fara da kyau ba: ya fusata da Tommy Paul a karon farko a gasar Canadian Open, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TNT Sports is not available in your region |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=www.tntsports.co.uk}}</ref> da Cameron Norrie a wasan kwata-kwata na Cincinnati Open . Kafin gasar US Open, Alcaraz, [[Rafael Nadal]], Casper Ruud, Daniil Medvedev, da Stefanos Tsitsipas duk suna fafatawa don lashe matsayi na 1 a duniya . A zagaye na huɗu, Alcaraz ya doke tsohon zakaran Marin Čilić a zagaye biyar, kuma ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata na US Open a lokacin Open Era . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=usopen|title=Carlitos is finding success in New York at a young age. https://t.co/fOpdx9ncC2|date=6 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907041535/https://twitter.com/usopen/status/1567035942849888259|archive-date=7 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A zagayen kwata na ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ceci maki a wasa a zagaye na huɗu kafin ya murmure ya yi nasara a zagaye biyar da [[Jannik Sinner]] . Wasan ya ɗauki awanni biyar da mintuna goma sha biyar, kuma ya sami nasarar ƙarshe a tarihin gasar da ƙarfe 2:50 na safe EST. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Open: Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jannik Sinner in five-hour epic to reach semi-finals |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12692535/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-jannik-sinner-in-five-hour-epic-to-reach-semi-finals |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasa na uku a jere da ci biyar a jere inda ya doke Frances Tiafoe . [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz,_Swiss_Indoors_Basel_2022.jpg|thumb| Carlos Alcaraz, ɗan wasan Switzerland na cikin gida Basel 2022.]] Daga nan Alcaraz ya hadu da Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na biyar a jerin 'yan wasa na ƙarshe a babban wasansa na farko, wasan da ya ninka a matsayin bugun fenariti ga matsayi na 1 a duniya. Alcaraz ya lashe wasan a zagaye hudu inda ya lashe babban kofi na farko. Ya zama ƙarami a lamba 1 a tarihin ATP Rankings a 19 shekaru, 130 Kwanaki, sun karya tarihin Lleyton Hewitt, kuma na biyu mafi karancin shekaru bayan Lew Hoad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz wins US Open title & rises to world No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912002152/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name="ATPWorldNo1">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest world No. 1 in Pepperstone ATP rankings history |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912000636/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Youngest Year-End ATP No. 1 Presented By Pepperstone In History |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116111255/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya kuma zama zakaran gasar maza mafi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Nadal a gasar French Open ta 2005, mafi ƙanƙanta zakaran US Open tun bayan Pete Sampras a 1990, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarun 2000 da ya lashe babban kambun 'yan wasa ɗaya. Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta ƙare cikin sauƙi. Ya sha kashi a wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na ɗaya a duniya a hannun Félix Auger-Aliassime a gasar cin kofin Davis Cup ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz loses debut as world No. 1 to Félix Auger-Aliassime in Davis Cup Finals meeting |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020537/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun David Goffin a zagayen farko na gasar Astana Open, sannan ya sake shan kashi a hannun Auger-Aliassime a Basel . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2022 |title=In-Form Felix Flies Past Alcaraz In Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030165358/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe na gasar Paris Masters, amma ya yi ritaya bayan ya koma Holger Rune . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2022 |title=Rune into Paris semis after Alcaraz retires, Djokovic advances |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020525/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Kwana guda bayan haka, ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni a cikin ciki wanda ya tilasta masa korar makwanni shida, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa kammala kakar wasa da wuri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livie |first=Alex |date=6 November 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz facing six weeks out with injury, will miss ATP Finals and Davis Cup in 'tough and painful' blow |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115070641/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A lokacin yana da shekaru 19 da kwanaki 214, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar a matsayin ƙarami kuma matashi na farko a duniya a matsayin lamba 1 a zamanin ATP, kuma na biyu mafi ƙarami a tarihin duniya bayan Hoad. <ref name=":0" /> === 2023: Zakaran Wimbledon === [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Roland_Garros_2023_cropped2.jpg|right|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2023]] A ranar 7 ga Janairu, Alcaraz ya sanar da janyewarsa daga gasar Australian Open saboda raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa ta dama yayin atisaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Australian Open 2023: World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Grand Slam tournament due to leg injury |url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107033406/https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayi na ɗaya a duniya tsawon makonni 20, amma ya sha kaye bayan gasar ga zakaran [[Novak Djokovic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Djokovic Returns To No. 1, Mover Of Week |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208002730/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |access-date=8 February 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa a gasar Argentina Open, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko. Ya doke Cameron Norrie a wasan ƙarshe a jere, inda ya lashe kofinsa na farko tun bayan gasar US Open ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2023 |title=Tennis, ATP – Argentina Open 2023: Alcaraz wins the final against Norrie |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/argentina-open-alcaraz-wins-the-title-661801.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar Rio Open, inda yake kare kambun, shi ma da Norrie; duk da haka, ya ƙara masa rauni a ƙafarsa a lokacin wasan kuma ya sha kashi a wasanni uku. Alcaraz ya janye daga gasar Mexican Open, yana mai cewa raunin da ya samu kenan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Both Alcaraz and Norrie withdraw from Acapulco |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/both-alcaraz-and-norrie-withdraw-from-acapulco-663856.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi nasarar cin nasara ta 100 a rayuwarsa da Tallon Griekspoor, wanda shi ne ɗan wasa na 31 a gasar a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗan wasa na biyu mafi sauri da ya kai wannan matsayi bayan John McEnroe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz 'really proud' to reach milestone before Djokovic, Nadal and Federer |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315145121/https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer/ |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=tennishead.net}}</ref> Ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe da kuma Daniil Medvedev a wasan karshe don daukar kofin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=SF Preview: Alcaraz, Sinner Renew Rivalry In Indian Wells |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2023-sf-preview |access-date=25 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe gasar Indian Wells ba tare da ya faɗi ko ɗaya ba tun bayan [[Roger Federer]] a shekarar 2017, kuma shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Sunshine Double a duka ƙungiyoyin biyu. Sakamakon haka, ya sake samun matsayi na 1 a duniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Alcaraz Wins Indian Wells, Returns To World No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320085101/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya yi fatan kammala gasar Sunshine Double a Miami, inda ya kasance zakaran da ke kare kambun. Ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe ba tare da ya fadi ko da wasa daya ba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Jannik Sinner a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinner Storms Back To Beat Alcaraz In Miami SF, Ending Spaniard's No. 1 Reign |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-miami-2023-sf |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Da rashin maki na kambunsa, Alcaraz ya koma matsayi na 2 a jerin 'yan wasa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2023 |title=Jannik Sinner wins the point of the year, then ends Carlos Alcaraz's hopes for a Sunshine Double |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402045713/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> An shirya Alcaraz zai buga wasa a Monte-Carlo Masters a mako mai zuwa, amma ya janye saboda raunin da ya samu a hannunsa na hagu da kuma rashin jin daɗin tsoka a kashin bayansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Rafael Nadal, Carlos Alcaraz pull out of Monte Carlo Masters |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524225356/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a wasan ƙarshe na gasar Barcelona Open don kare kambunsa ba tare da ya faɗi ko da wasa ɗaya ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas to retain title |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524235345/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kare kambunsa a gasar Madrid Open, inda ya doke Jan-Lennard Struff don lashe kambunsa na goma a rayuwarsa, sannan ya ƙara rinjayensa a kan yumbun Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Makes History with 10th Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508000728/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> A gasar Italian Open, Alcaraz ya dawo da matsayi na 1 daga hannun Djokovic ta hanyar buga wasansa na zagaye na biyu. Duk da haka, ya fusata a zagaye na uku da Fabian Marozsan, wanda ya zo na 135 a duniya a jere, a cikin abin da Jon Wertheim ya kira babban tashin hankali na shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabian Marozsan Beats Carlos Alcaraz in Rome Upset |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522152536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday/ |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> Alcaraz ya faɗi wasa ɗaya kacal kafin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Roland-Garros, inda ya haɗu da [[Novak Djokovic]] a karo na biyu na wasansu na aiki. Wannan fafatawa ce da ake sa ran yi, domin mutanen biyu ba su buga wasa ba sama da shekara guda duk da ci gaba da fafatawar da suke yi a matsayi na 1 a duniya. Wasan ya kasance mai gasa har sai da Alcaraz ya yi kasa a gwiwa a farkon saitin na uku saboda ciwon baya da matsin lamba na kwakwalwa da kuma karfin jiki; Djokovic ya yi nasara a zagaye hudu, inda ya ci gasar kuma ya sake samun matsayi na 1. <ref name="CrampVsDjokovic">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Djokovic beats cramping Alcaraz, into French final |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/37826198/novak-djokovic-beats-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-french-open-final |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_2023_Gentlemen's_Singles_Trophy.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz yana riƙe da Kofin Kalubalen 'Yan Wasan Gentlemen bayan ya lashe Gasar Wimbledon ta 2023]] A gasar Queen's Club, Alcaraz ya lashe kofinsa na farko a kan ciyawa a gasarsa ta uku da aka yi a matakin Tour, inda ya doke Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe. Wannan nasarar ta kuma mayar da shi matsayin lamba 1 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Sean |date=26 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Queen's and declares himself a 'favourite' for Wimbledon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225946/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |archive-date=6 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Duk da cewa Alcaraz bai yi wani abin a zo a gani ba a gasar Wimbledon, ya yi kasa da seti biyu kacal a wasan karshe, inda ya fafata da Djokovic, wanda ya lashe kofi sau bakwai da kuma Djokovic, wanda ya kare sau hudu. Alcaraz ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa a farkon saitin amma ya riƙe ƙarfin gwiwarsa don lashe wasan a cikin seti biyar. Ya ɗauki awanni huɗu da mintuna arba'in da biyu, kuma nan take aka yaba masa a matsayin wani labari na zamani. Wannan shine kofinsa na farko a Wimbledon, kuma shine karo na biyu da ya lashe babban kofi gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Novak Djokovic to win Wimbledon title in final for the ages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/16/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final-singles-men-tennis |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ya zama mutum ɗaya tilo da ba a cikin Big Four ba da ya lashe gasar Wimbledon ta 'yan wasa tun daga shekarar 2002, kafin a haife shi da kansa. <ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |last=Gharib |first=Anthony |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Wimbledon, denies Novak Djokovic record 24th Grand Slam singles title |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717061050/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na Toronto a hannun Tommy Paul . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Rory |date=12 August 2023 |title=Alcaraz stunned by Paul in Toronto quarters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/de-minaur-shocks-medvedev-reach-semis-toronto-2023-08-11/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Daga nan ya sake haɗuwa da Djokovic a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati . Alcaraz ya sha kashi a zagaye uku, duk da cewa ya samu maki a gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe. Shi ne mafi tsayin daka a tarihin gasar ATP Masters 1000, kuma shine mafi tsayi a tarihin gasar, a cikin awanni 3 da mintuna 49; Djokovic ya yaba da hakan a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi wahala a rayuwarsa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrogan |first=Ed |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic saves championship point in thrilling Cincinnati final win over Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821015125/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic overcomes Carlos Alcaraz to win Cincinnati title in instant classic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar US Open a matsayin zakaran kare kambun, kuma ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe saboda rashin nasara a wasa daya kacal. Duk da haka, ya sha kashi a can a hannun zakaran 2021 Daniil Medvedev a zagaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=9 September 2023 |title=Daniil Medvedev stuns Carlos Alcaraz to set up US Open final showdown with Novak Djokovic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909040451/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Alcaraz ya sake rasa matsayi na 1 a hannun Djokovic, wanda ya kare maki ba tare da ya kare ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Djokovic's Devastating Start To US Open |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829074008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga kakar wasa ta kaka da hunturu da nufin samun matsayi na 1 a ƙarshen shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'No. 1 Is One Of The Main Goals' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022031/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz On No. 1 Battle: 'Djokovic Is On My Mind In Every Practice' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053710/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, kamar shekarar 2022, ya fuskanci koma baya a ƙarshen shekara yayin da yawon shakatawa ya koma filin wasa mai ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na Beijing, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Grigor Dimitrov a zagaye na 16 a Shanghai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2023 |title=Sinner powers past Alcaraz to book Beijing final with Medvedev |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107055215/https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=11 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz suffers shock defeat to Grigor Dimitrov in latest Shanghai Masters upset – 'I knew what I had to do' |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022028/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Ya janye daga Basel saboda rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz Withdraws From Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> kuma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko na gasar Paris Masters a hannun Roman Safiullin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'A Lot Of Things To Improve' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-reaction-paris-2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar ATP da aka yi a [[Torino|Turin]], Alcaraz ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev amma ya doke Andrey Rublev da Daniil Medvedev a zagayen zagaye. Ya cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic, wanda daga baya ya zama zakara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=19 November 2023 |title='I'm not at his level' – Carlos Alcaraz admits 'unbelievable' Novak Djokovic is superior indoors after ATP Finals defeat |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119135056/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar da ta zo ta 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=Ferrero On Alcaraz's 'Extremely Good' Year |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> ===2024: Nasarar Channel Slam da lambar azurfa ta Olympics=== [[File:Carlos Alcaraz - Vainqueur Roland Garros 2024.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana riƙe da kofin Coupe des Mousquetaires bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 French Open]]]] Alcaraz ya fara wasanninsa na shekarar 2024 a [[2024 Australian Open – Men's singles|Australian Open]]. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a wasansa da [[Miomir Kecmanović|Miomir Kecmanovic]], inda ya kai matakin wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta wasan tennis;<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz joins illustrious quarterfinal club|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|website=ausopen.com|language=en}}</ref> sai dai ya sha kashi a wannan mataki a hannun [[Alexander Zverev]] da ci 3–1 a rukuni-rukuni.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2024|title=Alcaraz wiped out in quarterfinal loss to Zverev|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051155/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairu, Alcaraz ya zaɓi sake buga wasanni a filayen laka na Kudancin Amurka a karo na uku a jere. Ya shiga [[2024 Argentina Open – Singles|Argentina Open]] a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Nicolás Jarry]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2024|title=Alcaraz moves on, gets Jarry in Argentina semis|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051721/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2024|title=Alcaraz upset by Jarry in Argentina Open semifinals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref> A mako na gaba, ya janye daga [[2024 Rio Open|Rio Open]] bayan mintuna kaɗan da fara wasansa na farko, sakamakon karkacewar idon sawunsa na dama.<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2">{{cite news |date=21 February 2024|title=Alcaraz rolls ankle, exits Rio Open after 2 points.|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022036/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni na karkacewar jijiyar gefen idon sawunsa, amma zai rasa horo na "kwanaki kaɗan" kawai kafin [[2024 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|Indian Wells]].<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2" /> A matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma a wasu filayen da yake matuƙar so a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya dawo cikin ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2024|title=Alcaraz buzzing after seeing off bee invasion, Zverev in 'most unusual match'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022548/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=15 March 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]], inda ya kawo ƙarshen wasanni 19 da Sinner ya ci a jere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives bee invasion to set up Indian Wells semi-final with Jannik Sinner |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022556/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |url-status=live|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="atptour.com2">{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |title=Carlos Alcaraz snaps Jannik Sinner's winning streak in Indian Wells SFs |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074750/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |url-status=live|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke [[Daniil Medvedev]] a wasan ƙarshe, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko cikin watanni takwas.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins second straight Indian Wells title with victory over Medvedev in final|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317234703/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|archive-date=17 March 2024|access-date=17 March 2024|work=[[tennis.com]]}}</ref> A [[2024 Miami Open – Men's singles|Miami Open]], Alcaraz ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba, amma [[Grigor Dimitrov]] ya doke shi a wannan mataki.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2024|title=Miami Showtime Alcaraz ousts Musetti; Dimitrov buries his Miami 'kryptonite'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022552/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2024|title=Grigor Dimitrov stuns Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets to reach Miami Open semis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022551/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, ya sauka zuwa matsayi na 3 a duniya, a bayansu [[Novak Djokovic]] da Sinner, wanda ya lashe Miami Open. [[File:2024 Summer Olympics men's singles tennis tournament's podium, 2024-08-04 (59) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana karɓar lambar azurfarsa bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 Summer Olympics]]]] Rauni ya kawo cikas ga kakar wasannin laka ta Alcaraz. Ya janye daga [[2024 Monte-Carlo Masters|Monte-Carlo Masters]] da [[2024 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell|Barcelona Open]] saboda matsala a hannunsa na dama, musamman yankin gabansa.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Monte Carlo Masters with right forearm injury|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022555/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz: Spaniard withdraws from the Barcelona Open with injury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/68812339|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A [[Madrid Open (tennis)|Madrid Open]], Alcaraz ya ci gaba da fama da wannan rauni, wanda ya hana shi buga bugun forehand ɗinsa na musamman da cikakken ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun [[Andrey Rublev]], wanda daga baya ya lashe gasar,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner joins Carlos Alcaraz on the on sidelines ahead of Italian Open in Rome|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=7 May 2024|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref> sannan ya janye daga [[2024 Italian Open (tennis)|Rome Open]].<ref name=":14" /> Duk da haka, Alcaraz ya murmure a kan lokaci domin ya buga [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|French Open]] a watan Yuni. Duk da wasu wasannin farko da ba su yi masa sauƙi ba, ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ya doke mai matsayi na biyu, [[Jannik Sinner]], a cikin rukuni biyar masu tsauri, ya kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na Roland Garros a karon farko. Alcaraz ya doke [[Alexander Zverev]] a wani wasa na rukuni biyar, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko na Roland Garros. Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 35, ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya lashe babban kambu a filaye iri uku daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay|first=George|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins third major title with five-set victory at the French Open over Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elbaba|first=Julia|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest man in complete the Surface Slam|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|archive-date=7 June 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|publisher=NBC Los Ángeles.com|language=EN}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya kare kambunsa na [[2024 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] ta hanyar doke [[Novak Djokovic]] da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, a sake fafatawa da juna bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2023 Wimbledon Championships|2023]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz crushes Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wimbledon: Carlos Alcaraz bullies Novak Djokovic to win his second straight title at All England Club|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023055/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|work=Sky Sports}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 70, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a zamanin Open Era da ya kammala nasarar [[Channel Slam]] (lashe French Open da Wimbledon a kakar wasa ɗaya).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roopanarine|first=Les|date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz sweeps past Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.lovegametennis.com/carlos-alcaraz-sweeps-past-novak-djokovic-to-retain-wimbledon-title-tennis/|access-date=19 July 2024|website=Love Game Tennis|language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya shiga [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar Olympics]] a wasannin ninkaya da na mutum ɗaya. Yana haɗin gwiwa da Rafael Nadal, ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a ninkaya. A gasar mutum ɗaya, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba. Ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda ake sa ran zai lashe lambar zinare; duk da haka, ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic a rukuni biyu masu tsauri, inda babu ɗayansu da ya rasa wasansa na hidima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2024|title=Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to win Olympic tennis gold and seal 'Golden Slam'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/cjk33v1n8n4o|access-date=5 August 2024|website=[[BBC Sport]]|language=}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya taɓa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mutum ɗaya. Alcaraz bai shiga [[2024 National Bank Open – Men's singles|Canadian Open na 2024]] ba, inda ya bayyana gajiya a matsayin dalili. Ya buga [[2024 Cincinnati Open – Men's singles|Cincinnati Open na 2024]], amma [[Gaël Monfils]] ya yi nasarar doke shi a zagayen farko.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=Monfils stuns Alcaraz in Cincinnati|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-monfils-cincinnati-2024-friday|access-date=16 August 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Wannan wasa ya kasance karo na farko da Alcaraz ya fasa raket a filin wasa, lamarin da ya jawo ɗaukar hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai sosai kuma ya sa ya bayar da uzurin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=El monumental cabreo de Alcaraz: destroza su raqueta tras perder en Cincinnati|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/tenis/2024/08/16/66bfaa02e85ecea4598b459a.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=ELMUNDO|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez|first=Diego Fonseca|date=17 August 2024|title=Alcaraz: primera raqueta reventada, perdón público y foco en el US Open|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-08-17/alcaraz-primera-raqueta-reventada-perdon-publico-y-foco-en-el-us-open.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="RacquetSmash">{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/17/sport/carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-open-racket-spt-intl/index.html |title=Carlos Alcaraz apologizes for smashing and breaking racket in 'worst match' of his career |date=17 August 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024 |last=Ronald|first=Issy|last2=Schlachter|first2=Thomas|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya buga [[2024 US Open – Men's singles|US Open na 2024]], inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu da ci 3–0 a hannun [[Botic van de Zandschulp]], lamarin da ya ba mutane mamaki. Wannan shi ne karon farko da aka fitar da shi daga babbar gasa tun Wimbledon ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hansen|first1=James|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|title=Carlos Alcaraz knocked out of U.S. Open by Botic van de Zandschulp in major upset|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5733308/2024/08/30/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-result-van-de-zandschulp/|access-date=30 August 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya dawo da kwarin gwiwarsa ta hanyar samun nasarori a gasannin ƙungiyoyi na [[2024 Davis Cup|Davis Cup]] da [[2024 Laver Cup|Laver Cup]]. Bayan haka, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 China Open – Men's singles|China Open]]. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da Alcaraz ya haɗu da Sinner a shekarar 2024, kuma ya sake samun nasara a karo na uku.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media|first=P. A.|date=2 October 2024|title=Alcaraz ends Sinner's winning streak to land China Open|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/oct/02/carlos-alcaraz-ends-jannik-sinner-winning-streak-in-pulsating-encounter-to-land-china-open-tennis|access-date=24 October 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Da wannan nasara, Alcaraz ya sake karɓar matsayi na 2 a duniya daga [[Alexander Zverev]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brugnoli|first=Simone|date=30 September 2024|title=BREAKING: Carlos Alcaraz leapfrogs Zverev to No.2 in ATP ranking|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/148635/breaking-carlos-alcaraz-leapfrogs-zverev-to-no2-in-atp-ranking/|access-date=24 October 2024|website=Tennis World USA|language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihin ATP Tour da ya lashe kambun gasar mutum ɗaya ta [[ATP 500]] a kowane irin fili – [[Clay court|laka]], [[Grass court|ciyawa]] da [[hardcourt|filin ƙasa mai tauri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza|first=Alejandro|date=2 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz vence a Jannik Sinner y conquista el torneo de Pekín|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-10-02/carlos-alcaraz-vence-a-jannik-sinner-y-conquista-el-torneo-de-pekin.html|access-date=2 October 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="ChinaOpenSinner">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024|title=China Open: Carlos Alcaraz recovers to beat Jannik Sinner in dramatic final|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8v6560lnro|access-date=15 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sai dai, ya sake samun sakamako marasa daidaito a sauran gasannin kaka, kamar yadda ya faru a shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe na [[2024 Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] a hannun [[Tomáš Macháč]], sannan ya sha kashi a zagaye na 16 na [[2024 Rolex Paris Masters|Paris Masters]] a hannun [[Ugo Humbert]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz stunned by Tomas Machac at Shanghai Masters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c5y0vjye5gpo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on Ugo Humbert defeat: 'I gave everything'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paris-2024-thursday-reaction|access-date=7 December 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Bai ji daɗin ƙoshin lafiya ba a lokacin [[2024 ATP Finals|ATP Finals]], amma bai janye daga gasar ba. Ya doke [[Andrey Rublev]], amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Casper Ruud]] da Alexander Zverev da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, inda ya fita daga gasar a matakin zagayen rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024|title=ATP Finals: Carlos Alcaraz exits after losing to Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c3deml3xng2o|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake haɗuwa da [[Spain Davis Cup team|ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Spain]] a [[Málaga]] domin buga wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe. [[Netherlands Davis Cup team|Ƙungiyar Netherlands]] ta fitar da su daga gasar, lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwar [[Rafael Nadal]] a wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024|title=Rafael Nadal: Retiring superstar's career over after Spain lose to the Netherlands at Davis Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0k82v4n25vo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa namiji na farko da ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na 3 a duniya duk da lashe manyan kambuna biyu. ===2025: Lakubban Faransa da US Open, komawa matsayi na 1=== Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2025 a Australian Open ta 2025, inda yake kokarin zama mafi karancin shekaru da zai kammala Grand Slam na Aiki (Career Grand Slam).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/carlos-quest-history-making-crown-ao-2025 |title=Carlos' quest for a history-making crown at AO 2025 |date=18 January 2025 |access-date=16 March 2025 |last=Ridge|first=Patric|website=ausopen.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Zagoria|first=Adam|date=6 January 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz Eyeing Career Slam At Australian Open: 'My Main Goal' For The Season|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2025/01/06/carlos-alcaraz-eyeing-career-slam-at-australian-open-my-main-goal-for-the-season/|access-date=16 March 2025|work=Forbes}}</ref> Sai dai, Novak Djokovic ya kayar da shi a zagayen daf da na kusa da karshe (quarterfinals), a wasan da aka daure wa guda a matsayin wanda ya gudanar da shi cikin fargaba daga bangarensa na raga.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025">{{Cite web |last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan|date=21 January 2025|title=Djokovic overcomes injury to stun Alcaraz in Melbourne|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cvg8nz90xkjo|website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2025-01-21 |title=Novak Djokovic defies injury to stun Carlos Alcaraz at Australian Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jan/21/novak-djokovic-defies-injury-to-stun-carlos-alcaraz-at-australian-open-tennis |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zabi ya gudanar da wasanni a filayen taurin Turai (European hardcourts) a watan Fabrairu a karorinsa na farko a rayuwarsa. Ya lashe kofin farko na filin gida me tauri (indoor hardcourt) na rayuwarsa a Rotterdam Open, inda ya kayar da Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Rotterdam Open for first indoor title|url=https://www.espn.com.au/tennis/story/_/id/43765633/carlos-alcaraz-wins-rotterdam-open-first-indoor-title|access-date=16 March 2025|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A gasar Qatar Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a zagayen quarterfinals a hannun Jiří Lehečka, duk da cewa shi ne ya fara karye sajin Lehečka a kowane saiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiri Lehecka shocks Carlos Alcaraz in Doha|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-doha-2025-thursday|access-date=16 March 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na wanda yake kare kofinsa sau biyu a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jack Draper a zagayen semifinal duk da ya doke shi 6-0 (bagel) a saiti na biyu. Wannan shi ne rashin nasara na farko da Alcaraz ya yi bayan zagayen quarterfinals a wata gasa a cikin tsawon shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John|first=Andrew|title=BNP Paribas Open: Jack Draper stuns Carlos Alcaraz to reach first Indian Wells final|url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2025/03/15/jack-draper-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-reach-indian-wells-final/82452718007/|access-date=16 March 2025|website=The Desert Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Cikin rashin kyakkyawan yanayi, daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Miami a hannun lamba 55 na duniya, David Goffin, wanda hakan ya zama rashin nasararsa ta uku kacal a zagayen farko na rayuwarsa a gasar ATP 1000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2025|title=Goffin upsets Alcaraz with stunning Miami comeback|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-goffin-miami-2025-friday}}</ref> File:Carlos Alcaraz - Roland Garros 2025 - serving (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana yin sabis a French Open ta 2025 Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta filin laka (clay season) ta kasance me nasara sosai. Ya fara ta ne a Monte-Carlo Masters, wata gasa da a baya bai taba lashe ko da wasa guda daya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on clay: 100 matches and a legacy of greatness|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-clay-feature-monte-carlo-2025|access-date=13 April 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ko da yake har yanzu yana cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa a farko, Alcaraz ya yi kazar-kazar ta tsakiyar saiti uku masu tsanani tare da Arthur Fils a quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one has 'missed clay' after reaching semi-finals with win over Arthur Fils|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ckgr41p941no|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan karshe, ya doke Lorenzo Musetti domin samun lakabin ATP Masters 1000 na farko a cikin watanni goma sha uku. Alcaraz ya isa wasan karshe na Barcelona Open cikin sauki, inda ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Holger Rune. Biyan bayan wasan karshe, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a kafafunsa biyu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2025|title=Holger Rune stuns Carlos Alcaraz to win Barcelona Open title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/44766918/holger-rune-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-win-barcelona-open-title|access-date=21 April 2025|website=espn.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare|first=Charlie|date=24 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid Open with muscle injury|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6295860/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-madrid-open-out-injury/|access-date=26 April 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke lamba 1 na duniya Jannik Sinner domin lashe kofinsa na farko na Italian Open. Ya zama mutum na uku da ya lashe kowani babban kofi na zamani a filin laka (French Open, Monte-Carlo, Madrid, da Rome) bayan Rafael Nadal da Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=West|first=Ewan|date=18 May 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz emulates Rafael Nadal & Novak Djokovic as he claims maiden Italian Open title|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-italian-open-clay-feat-rafael-nadal-novak-djokovic|access-date=18 May 2025|website=Tennis365|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake saduwa da Sinner a wasan karshe na biyu a jere a French Open. Bayan lashe saiti biyu na farko, Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a kan sabis din Alcaraz a saiti na hudu. Alcaraz ya kare kansa daga 0–40 sannan ya karye sabis din Sinner da kansa domin lashe saitin. Wannan ya tilasta saiti na biyar, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe tare da mamaya a super tiebreak, ta haka ya sami lakabinsa na biyar na Grand Slam. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 29, wannan shi ne wasan karshe na French Open mafi tsawo da aka taba yi, kuma wasan karshe na babban kofi (major final) na biyu mafi tsawo a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2025|title=French Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jannik Sinner in classic Roland Garros final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c0eqjpzq972o|access-date=8 June 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma shi ne karon farko da Alcaraz ya dawo bayan an bahi ratar saiti biyu ba tare da ya ci ko guda ba,<ref name="ATPRG2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz joins this list of players to rally from two sets down in a Grand Slam final...|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-roland-garros-2025-final-two-set-comeback|access-date=8 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zama dan wasa maza na tara da ya cimma wannan nasarar domin lashe wasan karshe na babban kofi guda daya.<ref name="ATPRG2025" />. Marubuta da dama da masu sharhin wasanni sun ayyana shirin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girman wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com|title=Was the Carlos Alcaraz-Jannik Sinner Roland Garros match the best ever played?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-2025-roland-garros-best-match-ever|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=I saw Alcaraz and Sinner's epic final – and it changed tennis forever|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-final-rivalry-b2766292.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=Alcaraz vs Sinner: Was this the greatest tennis match of the decade?|url=https://www.shortlist.com/sport/alcarez-vs-sinner-was-this-the-greatest-tennis-match-of-the-decade|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Shortlist|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=How Alcaraz broke his own limits – and Sinner – to win astonishing French Open final|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-result-report-b2766076.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flink|first=Steve|date=9 June 2025|title=Steve Flink: Alcaraz Somehow Stops Sinner in a Roland Garros Epic|url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2025/06/steve-flink-alcaraz-somehow-stops-sinner-in-a-roland-garros-epic/|access-date=3 October 2025|website=UBITENNIS|language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa na filin ciyawa (grass season) a Queen's Club Championships. Nasarar da ya samu a semifinals a kan Roberto Bautista Agut ita ce nasararsa ta 250 a ATP; ya zama namiji na uku mafi sauri da ya cimma wannan nasara a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims 250th win, surges into Queen's Club final|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bautista-agut-london-2025-saturday|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Jiří Lehečka a wasan karshe domin samun lakabinsa na uku a jere, kuma lakabinsa na biyar a kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jiri Lehecka for second Queen's Club title|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-london-2025-final|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A zagayen farko na Wimbledon, Alcaraz ya fuskanci kalubalen saiti biyar ba tsammani daga Fabio Fognini, wanda tuni ya sanar da yin murabus dinsa kuma bai lashe ko wasa guda ba a tsawon kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives five-set scare from Fabio Fognini in Wimbledon opener|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fognini-wimbledon-2025-monday|access-date=11 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya rasa saiti guda kowanne a hannun Jan-Lennard Struff, Andrey Rublev, da Taylor Fritz, amma a karshe har yanzu ya kai wasansa na karshe na hudu a jere. Ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jannik Sinner a saiti hudu, wanda shi ne rashin nasararsa ta farko a wasan karshe na Grand Slam kuma rashin nasararsa ta farko a hannun Sinner tun shekarar 2023. Wannan kuma ya kawo karshen nasarori 24 a jere na Alcaraz, mafi tsawo a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2025-07-13 |title=Wimbledon 2025 results: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to win first All England Club title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c5ykw5n0p7no |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> File:P20250907DT-0983 President Donald Trump attends the U.S. Open Men’s Championship.jpg|left|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz a wasan karshe na US Open ta 2025 Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wani babban wasan karshe kuma a Cincinnati Open. Sinner ya sha wahala ta fuskar jiki, sannan ya janye yayin da Alcaraz ke gaba da 5–0 a saiti na farko. Saboda haka Alcaraz ya sami lakabinsa na uku na ATP 1000 a kakar wasan.<ref name="ATPCincinnati2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims first Cincinnati crown after Jannik Sinner retires|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-alcaraz-cincinnati-2025-final|access-date=19 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A US Open, Alcaraz ya wuce ta zagayen farko guda shida na gasar tare da samun nasarar 6-0 (bagelling) a kan Mattia Bellucci da Luciano Darderi a hanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz cruises through to fourth round of US Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c15ljzy3dqjo|access-date=30 August 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A semifinal, ya sami nasararsa ta farko a kan Novak Djokovic a fili me tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025">{{Cite news |last1=Futterman|first1=Matthew|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|date=5 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz overpowers Novak Djokovic to reach U.S. Open final|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6601703/2025/09/05/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-us-open-result-analysis/|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi hakan a US Open tun Roger Federer a 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar|first=Rana|date=6 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz follows Federer's 2015 path to US Open final, beats Djokovic without dropping a set|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/carlos-alcaraz-follows-federers-2015-path-to-us-open-final-beats-djokovic-without-dropping-a-set/articleshow/123728168.cms?from=mdr|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Wannan shi ne wasansa na karshe na takwas a jere a matakin yawon shakatawa (tour-level final), kuma a karo na uku a jere a wasan karshe na Grand Slam, ya fuskanci Jannik Sinner. Alcaraz ya doke shi a saiti hudu domin samun lakabinsa na shida na Grand Slam a cikin daya daga cikin tsawon tafiye-tafiye mafi kyau a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: How Carlos Alcaraz produced 'faultless' performance to beat Jannik Sinner and win title|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c9v7nld4we2o|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama namiji na hudu kuma mafi karancin shekaru a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era) da ya lashe lakubban Grand Slam da dama a kowane irin fili.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=Alcaraz bests Sinner to win US Open, sixth Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46190196/carlos-alcaraz-defeats-rival-jannik-sinner-us-open|access-date=8 September 2025|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya kuma sake karbe matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a karon farko a cikin shekaru biyu.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz returns to World No. 1 following US Open triumph|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-no-1-return-september-2025|access-date=7 September 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara fitowarsa ta farko a Japan Open Tennis Championships. A saiti na farko na wasansa na zagayen farko da Sebastián Báez, ya murde idon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz says he was "scared" after hurting ankle in first-round win at Japan Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ce8467zl778o|access-date=28 September 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da raunin, ya ci gaba da taka leda har ya kai wasansa na karshe na tara a jere, inda ya fuskanci Taylor Fritz. Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Fritz a Laver Cup kwanaki 10 kawai da suka gabata, Alcaraz ya wuce ta kansa domin karkare kofinsa na takwas na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz exacts quick Taylor Fritz revenge, captures Tokyo title on debut |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fritz-tokyo-2025-final |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Shanghai Masters saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of Shanghai Masters just hours after winning Japan Open |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-shanghai-masters-injury-withdraw-b2836573.html |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en|date=30 September 2025}}</ref> Ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Paris Masters a hannun Cameron Norrie a saiti uku, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen nasarorinsa na jere a wasannin karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz first player to qualify for 2025 Nitto ATP Finals {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-nitto-atp-finals-2025-qualification |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A ATP Finals, Alcaraz ya doke Alex de Minaur, Taylor Fritz, da Lorenzo Musetti domin zama na farko a rukuninsa na round robin. Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Musetti, ya tabbatar da matsayin lamba 1 na karshen shekara a karo na biyu. Alcaraz ya doke Félix Auger-Aliassime a semifinal, inda ya yi kurakurai uku kacal marasa karfi (unforced errors) a saiti na farko. Ya ci gaba zuwa wani wasan karshe kuma da Jannik Sinner, wanda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=ATP Finals: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to defend title in Turin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c05147lz7g9o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Davis Cup saboda raunin tsokar cinyarsa (hamstring), ta haka ya kammala kakar wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one withdraws from Spain's Davis Cup Finals team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8z53330g6o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===2026: Lakabin Australia, Kammala Career Grand Slam, Rauni=== A lokacin shirye-shiryen tunkarar kakar wasa na watan Disamba, Alcaraz ya rabu da kocin da suka daɗe tare, Juan Carlos Ferrero.<ref name="Jurejko">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-17 |title=Carlos Alcaraz splits with coach Juan Carlos Ferrero after long partnership |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0mpj8427pzo |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB|last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2026 a Australian Open ta 2026, inda ya kai zagayen semifinal ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Australian Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz storms past Alex de Minaur and into semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8rm8jg5507o |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal da ya buga da Alexander Zverev, ya lashe saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a saiti na uku da na hudu a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), ya dawo da kaimi domin lashe saiti na karshe. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open kuma wasa na uku mafi tsawo gaba ɗaya a tarihin gasar.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026">{{cite web |date=30 January 2026|title=Alcaraz downs Zverev in Melbourne marathon, reaches maiden Australian Open final|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-australian-open-2026-sf|access-date=30 January 2026|website=atptour.com|publisher=ATPTour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru a Zamanin Buɗewa (Open Era) da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), inda ya karya rikodin da Jim Courier ya kafa a shekarar 1993.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tennis.com|date=30 January 2026|title=Carlos Alcaraz battles into first Australian Open final with marathon win over Zverev|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-battles-into-first-australian-open-final-with-marathon-win-over-alexander-zverev-five-sets-cramping|access-date=30 January 2026|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke Novak Djokovic domin lashe lakabinsa na farko na Australian Open, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala Career Grand Slam a wasan maza marasa abokin tarayya (singles).<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes youngest player to complete Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/carlos-alcaraz-becomes-youngest-player-to-complete-career-grand-slam |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=KhelWire |date=1 February 2026}}</ref>File:Carlos Alcaraz US Open 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Carlos Alcaraz yana motsa jiki a US Open ta 2026Alcaraz ya janye jikinsa daga Rotterdam Open sakamakon gajiya, sannan ya koma gudanar da kakar wasansa a Qatar Open. Ya rasa saiti guda kacal a hannun Karen Khachanov a zagayen quarterfinals, yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz rallies past Karen Khachanov in Doha {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-doha-2026-qf|access-date=2026-02-21|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ya lallasa Arthur Fils a cikin mintuna 50, wasa mafi sauri da ya kammala a rayuwarsa zuwa wannan lokacin, domin samun lakabinsa na biyu na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Qatar Open: Carlos Alcaraz demolishes Arthur Fils in 50 minutes to win title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cx28lxv7gedo |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya koma Indian Wells. Nasararsa a zagayen quarterfinals da Cameron Norrie ita ce nasararsa ta 34 a jere a filin waje mai tauri (outdoor hardcourts) - jerin nasarori na uku mafi tsawo irinsa a Zamanin Buɗewa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Pete Sampras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Peter |date=2026-03-08 |title=The seven biggest outdoor hardcourt winning streaks in ATP history as Carlos Alcaraz joins the list |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/the-seven-biggest-outdoor-hardcourt-winning-streaks-in-atp-history-as-carlos-alcaraz-joins-the-list/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal, Alcaraz ya sake karawa da Daniil Medvedev a matsayin maimaitawar wasannin karshe na 2023 da 2024, inda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniil Medvedev ends Carlos Alcaraz's perfect start to 2026 to reach Indian Wells final {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2026-sf |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A Miami Open, Sebastian Korda ya doke Alcaraz ba tsammani a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya kammala bajinta mai ban takaici a gasannin Sunshine Double.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Miami Open: World number one Carlos Alcaraz suffers surprise defeat to American Sebastian Korda in third round |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cg73g9m21n8o |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe a gasarsa ta farko a filin laka (clay court) na shekarar a Monte Carlo, inda ya yi rashin nasarar wasan da kuma matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a hannun abokin hamayyarsa Jannik Sinner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-12 |title=Monte Carlo Masters: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to return to world top spot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8dl5qge2r8o |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki ya buga wasansa na farko a Barcelona Open, inda aka ba shi hutun likita domin duba gantsar hannunsa (forearm). Bayan wasan ya janye jikinsa daga gasar, sakamakon raunin hannu da ba a bayyana takamaiman irinsa ba wanda daga baya aka gano tenosynovitis ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-15|title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of tournament with wrist injury|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cly0037eg1xo|access-date=2026-04-20|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-20 |title=Carlos Alcaraz confirms U.S. Open return via soccer transfer figure Fabrizio Romano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7527126/2026/08/20/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-comeback-us-open-romano/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ya kuma janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A karshen watan Afirilu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Italian Open da French Open, dukkan gasannin biyu da yake kare kofunansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz to miss Rome & Roland Garros: 'We will come out of it stronger' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-rome-roland-garros-2026-withdrawal |website=ATP Tour |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref> A watan Mayu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Queen's Club Championships da Wimbledon, inda a dukkaninsu shi ne ke kare kofin da kuma wanda ya zo na biyu (runner-up).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Alcaraz withdraws from Wimbledon & Queen's Club |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-queens-club-wimbledon-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=atptour.com}}</ref> Bai shiga Canadian Open ba, kuma ya janye jikinsa daga Cincinnati Open, inda shi ne ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-10 |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Cincinnati Open, with U.S. Open title defense in doubt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7492918/2026/08/04/carlos-alcaraz-out-cincinnati-open/ |access-date=2026-08-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Agusta, Alcaraz ya sanar da cewa zai koma gasar gogayya a US Open, inda shi ma ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: Fabrizio Romano breaks news US Open champion is to make comeback from wrist injury at Flushing Meadows |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/33694/13575157/carlos-alcaraz-fabrizio-romano-breaks-news-us-open-champion-is-to-make-comeback-from-wrist-injury-at-flushing-meadows |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Ya shiga gasar ma'aurata gauraye (mixed doubles) tare da haɗin gwiwa mai muhimmanci da Serena Williams; sun yi rashin nasara a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-25 |title=Williams-Alcaraz fall in US Open mixed quarter-finals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260825-williams-alcaraz-fall-in-us-open-mixed-quarter-finals |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasansa na farko guda ɗaya (singles) a cikin watanni biyar da Roman Safiullin inda ya sami nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa, kodayake saurin sabis ɗinsa ya ragu sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz eases past Roman Safiullin on return at US Open {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-safiullin-us-open-2026-monday |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da sauri ya watsar da rashin sabo sannan ya kai wasan quarterfinals dinsa na biyar na rayuwarsa a US Open, inda ya rasa saiti guda kacal a kanti, a hannun Jaime Faria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2026-09-03 |title=US Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jaime Faria as injury comeback in New York continues |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cqjkdnv729jo |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tsawanta jerin nasarorinsa a manyan gasassaki (majors) zuwa 18, mafi kyau a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes his Grand Slam set vs. Tommy Paul, reaches US Open QFs {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paul-us-open-2026-sunday-r4 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Ben Shelton a quarterfinals a saiti biyar, inda Shelton ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu bayan Matteo Berrettini da ya doke Alcaraz a saiti biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouquette |first=Cédric |date=2026-09-09 |title=Shelton ends Alcaraz’s US Open reign in late-night thriller |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/us-open-news/history-made-past-3am-shelton-ends-alcarazs-us-open-reign-at-the-latest-finish-the-tournament-has-ever-seen-860615.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Gagayya (Rivalries)== === Jannik Sinner === Carlos Alcaraz da Jannik Sinner sun fuskanci juna har sau 17 a gasar ATP Tour, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 10–7.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner/a0e2/s0ag |title=Jannik Sinner VS Carlos Alcaraz {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=6 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |title=Closing Power: Alcaraz Fights off Sinner in Five for First French Open Final |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023057/https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Wasanni masu muhimmanci na farko sun haɗa da zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2022, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti biyar bayan ya kare maki guda na nasara (match point) har ya kai ga lashe lakabin gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=P. A. |date=8 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz prevails over Jannik Sinner in latest ever US Open finish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/08/carlos-alcaraz-prevails-over-jannik-sinner-in-latest-ever-us-open-finish-tennis |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Su biyun sun fuskanci juna sau uku a shekarar 2024, inda Alcaraz ya lashe dukkan wasannin uku, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe mai tsananin gogayya na China Open.<ref name="ChinaOpenSinner" /> Sinner ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a shekarar 2024 adadin da ya yi daidai da rashin nasarar da ya yi a hannun dukkan sauran 'yan wasan tour baki ɗaya. A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasassaki (majors) guda uku a jere. Alcaraz ya lashe wasansu na ƙarshe na farko a babban kofi a French Open, duk da cewa Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a saiti na hudu. Mujallar ''The Guardian'' ta yaba da wasan a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wasannin ƙarshe da aka taba yi a kowane irin wasan motsa jiki."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Daniel |date=8 June 2025 |title=Alcaraz fights back to beat Sinner in all-time classic French Open men's final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/jun/08/french-open-2025-mens-final-jannik-sinner-v-carlos-alcaraz-tennis-live |access-date=8 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun sake saduwa a Wimbledon, inda Sinner ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Alcaraz; sannan a US Open, inda Alcaraz ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Sinner.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025" /> A karo na biyu a jere, sun raba manyan kofunan shekarar biyu-biyu. Sun kuma fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu na ATP Masters 1000 a shekarar 2025, a Italian Open da Cincinnati Open, wanda duka Alcaraz ne ya lashe su;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner on Rome run: 'I am closer than expected' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-rome-2025-final-reaction |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ATPCincinnati2025" /> da kuma wasan ƙarshe na ATP Finals na 2025, inda Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun lakabin gasar Monte-Carlo Masters a karon farko da suka fuskanci juna a shekarar 2026. An bayyana gagayyarsu a matsayin "wata gogayya mai yiwuwa za ta ayyana wani zamani da kanta".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klosok |first1=Aleks |title=Friendly rivals Jannik Sinner and Carlos Alcaraz look set to dominate men's tennis. Is it time to call them the 'Big Two?' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/sport/jannik-sinner-carlos-alcaraz-atp-finals-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en |date=12 November 2024}}</ref> === Alexander Zverev === Carlos Alcaraz da Alexander Zverev sun fuskanci juna har sau goma sha uku, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 7–6.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-alexander-zverev/a0e2/z355 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Alexander Zverev {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=15 March 2026 }}</ref> Sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2021, inda Zverev ya lallasa Alcaraz mai shekaru 17–18 a dukkanin wasannin biyu. Wasan farko mai muhimmanci a tsakaninsu shi ne wasan ƙarshe na Madrid Open a shekarar 2022, inda Alcaraz ya lallasa zakara mai kare kofinsa Zverev a cikin sa'a ɗaya da mintuna hudu.<ref name="BBCMadrid2022" /> Bayan 'yan makonni, sun yi wasansu na farko a babban kofi (major) a zagayen quarterfinals na French Open, inda Zverev ya doke Alcaraz a saiti hudu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2022-05-31 |title=Zverev eases into second French Open semi-final with win against Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/31/zverev-eases-into-second-french-open-semi-final-with-win-against-alcaraz |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun kara gudanar da wasanni masu muhimmanci a zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2023, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe, da kuma quarterfinals na Australian Open ta 2024, wanda Zverev ya lashe. A shekarar 2024 sun fuskanci juna a wasan ƙarshe na French Open, inda Zverev ke neman samun lakabinsa na farko na babban kofi. Zverev ya samu ratar saiti biyu zuwa ɗaya, amma Alcaraz ya jure har ya doke shi a saiti biyar domin samun lakabinsa na farko na French Open.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2024-06-09 |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Alex Zverev in five-set thriller to win French Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/09/carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-alex-zverev-in-five-set-thriller-to-win-french-open |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A wasan semifinals na Australian Open ta 2026, Alcaraz ya samu ratar saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Zverev ya lashe saiti biyu na gaba a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), amma Alcaraz ya dawo da kaimi a tsaye domin lashe saiti na biyar, yana ci gaba zuwa wasansa na ƙarshe na farko a Australian Open. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026" /> === Novak Djokovic === File:2023 Wimbledon Men's singles final (3).jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic bayan wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023 Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic sun fuskanci juna har sau goma; duk da tazarar shekaru 16 a tsakaninsu, gogayyar tasu ta kasance mai cike da harkar gogayya ta daidaito, inda sakamakon fuskantar juna ke kunnen doki a 5–5.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-novak-djokovic/a0e2/d643 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Novak Djokovic {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=16 November 2025 }}</ref> Wasanni tara daga cikin goma da suka buga sun kasance a zagayen semifinals ko finals na "manya" gasassaki: a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), Masters 1000 guda biyu na ATP, ATP Finals da Wasannin Olimpic. Saduwarsu ta farko ita ce a semifinals na Madrid Open ta 2022, inda Alcaraz ya samu nasara a saiti na karshe mai kayyade sakamako (deciding set tiebreaker), inda ya zama mutum guda tilos a tarihi da ya samu nasarori a jere a kan Nadal da Djokovic a filin laka (clay). Duk da gwagwarmayarsu ta neman matsayin lamba 1 na duniya, ba su sake fuskantar juna ba har na tsawon fiye da shekara guda. Daga karshe sun sake fuskantar juna a semifinals na French Open ta 2023, wanda ya kasance wasan da aka zuba idanu a kansa da kafofin labarai suka yi ta yayatawa.<ref name="SiDjokovicSemi" /><ref name="GuardianDjokovicSemi" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapetanakis |first=Arthur |date=8 June 2023 |title=SF Preview: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Novak Djokovic In Clash For The Ages |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094747/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cambers |first=Simon |date=8 June 2023 |title=Alcaraz v Djokovic: Where the match can be won |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602182743/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |url-status=live}}</ref> Djokovic ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yayin da wasan ke cike da gogayya har zuwa lokacin da Alcaraz ya samu tangarda a farkon saiti na uku saboda ciwon tsoka (cramps).<ref name="CrampVsDjokovic" /> Ba da jimawa ba biyu sun sake saduwa domin sake fuskantar juna a wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023, inda Alcaraz ya doke Djokovic wanda ya lashe kofin sau hudu a jere a cikin wasa mai cike da tarihi na saiti biyar wanda ya dauki sa'o'i 4 da mintuna 42.<ref name="NYTimesWimbledon" /> Wata guda bayan haka, sun yi wata gogayyar mai matukar girma a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati Open ta 2023, inda Djokovic ya samu nasara a saiti uku masu matukar matsin lamba bayan ya kare maki guda na nasarar kofin (championship point). A tsawon sa'o'i 3 da mintuna 49, wannan shi ne wasan ƙarshe na ATP Tour mafi tsawo a saiti biyu cikin uku a tarihi, kuma wasa mafi tsawo a tarihin gasar, wanda kuma aka yaba masa nan take a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic outlasts Alcaraz to win instant-classic final in Cincinnati |url=https://www.thescore.com/atp/news/2696096 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=theScore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Malinowski |first=Scoop |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic and Carlos Produce the Highest Level of Tennis Ever Witnessed In Cincy – Tennis-Prose.com |url=https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023607/https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Daga nan sun buga wasan da ba shi da wata babbar gogayya a ATP Finals, inda Djokovic ya lallasa Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=ATP Finals results 2023: Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to set up Jannik Sinner final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/67461418 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a bazaran shekarar 2024, duka a wasannin ƙarshe masu muhimmanci gaske. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, Alcaraz ya sami nasara cikin sauki a saiti babu kakkautawa a kan Djokovic a karawa ta biyu na wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon na shekarar baya. Makonni uku bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Agusta, Djokovic ya doke Alcaraz a wasan ƙarshe na Wasannin Olimpic a filin Court Philippe Chatrier. Ba a karye sabis ɗin ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ba a saiti biyun, inda Djokovic ya lashe zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks) duka guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novak Djokovic defeats Carlos Alcaraz for first Olympic gold medal |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-alcaraz-paris-olympics-2024-gold-medal-match |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Masanin tarihin wasanni Steve Flink ya kira shi "wasa mafi kyau na saiti biyu da na taba gani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=manfred |date=4 August 2024 |title="The Best Two-Set Match I Have Ever Seen" – Steve Flink On Novak Djokovic – Carlos Alcaraz Olympic Final |url=https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=World Tennis Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181305/https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujallar ''Tennis.com'' ta jera wasan a matsayin wasan ATP na shekara na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tignor |first=Steve |date=20 December 2024 |title=TENNIS.com's 2024 ATP Match of the Year: Novak Djokovic conquers Carlos Alcaraz at the Olympics, and finally wins gold |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/2024-tennis-atp-match-of-the-year-novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-olympics-paris |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2025. A saduwarsu ta farko a matakin quarterfinals a Australian Open, Djokovic ya sami nasara a saiti hudu domin ci gaba da kare rikodinsa na rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a filin tauri (hardcourt) da kuma rushe burinsa na samun Career Grand Slam.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025" /> Sun sake saduwa a semifinals na US Open, inda Alcaraz ya ɗauki pansa a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun nasararsa ta farko a kan Djokovic a filin tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025" /> Tikitin shiga kalle wasan sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin US Open.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAM |date=4 September 2025 |title=US Open ticket prices soar to unprecedented level: How much does it cost to watch Carlos Alcaraz vs Novak Djokovic? |url=https://www.marca.com/en/tennis/us-open/2025/09/04/68b9f44146163fdd7c8b4581.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan wasan, Alcaraz da Djokovic sun kammala saduwa a kowace daya daga cikin manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), wani abu da gagayyar Federer–Nadal ba ta taba cimmawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=3 September 2025 |title=Djokovic-Alcaraz rivalry set for Grand Slam milestone that Federer and Nadal failed to achieve |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-achieve-feat-eluded-roger-federer-rafael-nadal |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau ɗaya a shekarar 2026, a wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti hudu domin kawo ƙarshen rikodin cikakkiyar nasara na Djokovic 10–0 a wasannin ƙarshe na Australian Open kuma ya zama mai wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala Career Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alcaraz dents Djokovic's Melbourne final perfection, wins first Australian Open title|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-australian-open-2026-final|website=ATPTour|date=1 February 2026|access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> Musamman ma, Alcaraz (tare da Stan Wawrinka) na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis guda biyu da suke da cikakken rikodin nasara a wasannin ƙarshe na babban kofi (major final) a kan Djokovic. ==Sallon Wasa (Playing style)== Alcaraz ɗan wasan tennis ne mai amfani da [[All-court player|ko ina a fili]], amma da farko yana amfani da salo mai kai hari daga baya (baseline). An san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta rufe fili da ikon samun ƙwallo a matsayin tsaro, sau da yawa yana mai da matsayin tsaro zuwa damar kai hari yayin karawa. Harbinsa na [[forehand]] mai madaidaicin hannu shine harbi mafi ƙarfi: yana iya buga shi a faɗace da sauri don samun maki na nasara (winners) daga kowane matsayi na fili, ko kuma ya ƙara adadin topspin mai yawa da tazara a saman ragar. Yana wasa da [[backhand]] na hannu biyu mai faɗi kuma ƙasa-ƙasa. Saboda harinsa, Alcaraz yawanci yana samar da babban adadin [[Glossary of tennis terms#winner|winners]] da [[Glossary of tennis terms#unforced error|kuskuren da ba a tilasta masa ba (unforced errors)]] daga harbin ƙasa, musamman na forehand ɗinsa. Alcaraz yana da sabis na farko mai ƙarfi dangane da tsawonsa; yawanci tsakanin mile 115 zuwa 120 a sa'a guda (mph) kuma yakan kai mile 135 a sa'a guda, amma ana buga shi da matsakaicin wurin da aka sa gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Alcaraz's Scintillating Serve Toppled Djokovic's Return In The Wimbledon Final &#124; |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818230616/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |archive-date=18 August 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The story behind his new & improved serve |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-serve-feature-wimbledon-2024 |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yawanci yana ƙara topspin ga sabis ɗinsa na biyu domin samar da tsalle mai tsawo na ƙwallo, wanda ke tura abokan karawarsa baya ko kuma tilasta musu maido ƙwallo mai rauni. Wannan sabis yawanci yana kaiwa km/h 150 zuwa 170 (mile 93 zuwa 106 a sa'a guda).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CARLOS ALCARAZ VS. ALEX DE MINAUR &#124; LONDON 2023 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205433/https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Mafi yawancin lokuta saboda rashin ainihin wurin da ake sa gaba, ana bayyana sabis na Alcaraz a matsayin mafi rauni a wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Alcaraz says new serve still a work in progress as he targets Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/alcaraz-says-new-serve-still-a-work-in-progress-as-he-targets-career-grand-slam-803085.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ƙwararre ne wajen maido da sabis (returner), musamman na sabis na farko. A shekarar 2024, ya lashe kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na wasannin sabis na abokan karawarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaderboard &#124; ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/stats/leaderboard?boardType=return&timeFrame=52week&surface=all&versusRank=all&formerNo1=false |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yana da wasan raga mai burge mutane tare da kyakkyawan drop volleys da drive volleys, sannan yakan yi serve-and-volley a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title='Carlos Alcaraz can serve and volley at...', says former ATP ace |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205432/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Harbinsa na boje ƙwallo a kusa da raga ([[drop shot]]) mai cike da baje fasaha shine mabudin wasansa. Nauyin harbin ƙasarsa yana tura abokan karawarsa zuwa bayan fili, wanda hakan ke sa drop shots ɗinsa ke da wuyar kaiwa. An lura da 'yar fifikonsa na amfani da forehand drop shots fiye da backhand a matsayin wani abu da ba a saba gani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Shot Has Carlos Alcaraz Popularised? |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/forehand-drop-shot-success-alcaraz-2023 |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> [[Andy Roddick]] ya bayyana cewa drop shot na Alcaraz shine "mafi kyau a tarihin tennis".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Callum |date=14 July 2024 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz has one shot that is the best in the history of tennis ahead of Wimbledon final |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-has-one-shot-that-is-the-best-in-the-history-of-tennis-ahead-of-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasu 'yan wasa da masu sharhi sun yaba wa Alcaraz a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin karuwar amfani da drop shot a tsakanin dukkanin gasassakin kwararru a 'yan shekarun nan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 May 2025 |title=Drop by drop: Carlos Alcaraz leads shift back to the most deft shot in tennis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/21/drop-shot-tennis-carlos-alcaraz-clay-french-open |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=28 May 2025 |title=Drop shots in tennis go from eccentric to essential, with some help from Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6384608/2025/05/28/tennis-drop-shot-how-why-best-players/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami yabo saboda halayensa na motsa jiki da na jiki. Musamman ma, gudu na kai tsaye, ikon maida hari, da babban saurin ƙafafunsa sun sa ana kwatanta shi da [[Rafael Nadal]]. An kwatanta shi da [[Novak Djokovic]] saboda motsin gefensa mai ƙarfi da rufe fili, wanda tsaga ƙafafu na jiki (splits) da sulbi a cikin fili lokacin tsaro ke taimaka masa, musamman a bangaren backhand. Kamar [[Roger Federer]], taɓawa mai ban mamaki da hari na musamman sun kasance masu muhimmanci ga nasararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rouquette |first1=Cédric |last2=Bourrières |first2=Rémi |last3=Cambers |first3=Simon |date=17 October 2022 |title=From Carlitos to Alcaraz, Episode 3: Attack, defence, power, touch – Alcaraz the pioneer of "total tennis" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidov |first=Liya |date=13 July 2023 |title=TECH Talk: If the Big 3 had a baby, his name would be Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic ya bayyana cewa Alcaraz yana haɗa "mafi kyau daga dukkanin duniyoyi uku" na wasansa, na Federer, da kuma na Nadal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wimbledon: Novak Djokovic praises 'complete' champion Carlos Alcaraz as blend of Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and himself after epic final |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723081913/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025 |work=Sky Sports |language=en-GB |url-status=live}}</ref> Rashin nasarar Alcaraz yana samuwa akai-akai a gajeren wasanni, musamman a tsarin saiti biyu cikin uku (best-of-three). A wani lokaci ana sukarsa saboda rashin daidaiton sakamako, a dukkanin wasanni da lokutan gasar (seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilander's honest diagnosis of Alcaraz's problem: "He is going to be quite inconsistent" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2025/04/01/wilanders-honest-diagnosis-of-alcarazs-problem-he-is-going-to-be-quite-inconsistent |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz da kansa ya yi ikirarin cewa ba ya iya yin wasa mai kyau ba tare da yana jin dadin kansa a fili ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza |first=Alejandro |date=26 April 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the last great virtuoso of tennis |url=https://english.elpais.com/sports/2023-04-26/carlos-alcaraz-the-last-great-virtuoso-of-tennis.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref> Amsar Alcaraz sau da yawa ana yaba mata saboda kirkirar fasaha a fili da kyan gani na wasansa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is the most exciting player in men's tennis and he will only get better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/27/carlos-alcaraz-is-the-best-in-the-world-and-he-is-only-going-to-get-better |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=10 June 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is already remarkable but has plenty of improvement still to come |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/10/tennis-french-open-carlos-alcaraz |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin "mutum mai samar da bidiyoyi masu kayatarwa" (human highlight reel).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Simon |last2=Amako |first2=Uche |date=2 September 2023 |title=Human highlight reel Carlos Alcaraz and Dan Evans entertain fans in thrilling US Open battle |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/09/02/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-dan-evans-live-score-updates-norrie/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=13 January 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, tennis highlight reel, exits ATP Tour Finals knowing how to improve |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5924985/2024/11/15/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-highlights-atp-tour-finals-result/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=1 July 2023 |title='He's a human highlight reel': the star power of tennis player Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/star-power-tennis-player-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya ce, "A fili yake, ina son lashe kowane wasa da nake bugawa, amma a lokaci guda, ina son jin dadi, in gwada abubuwa daban-daban, in sa mutane su ji dadin kallon tennis da kallon wasannina. Wani lokaci ina magana da kaina game da abin da ya fi muhimmanci: ko in yi nasara ko kuma in yi abubuwa masu kyau."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |date=4 September 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's attitude is as transfixing as his tennis |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/09/04/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-style/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> == Masu horarwa da tawaga (Coaches and team) == Masu horar da Alcaraz a lokacin yarinta sune Kiko Navarro da Carlos Santos.<ref name="ChildhoodCoach"/> A watan Satumban 2018, Alcaraz mai shekaru goma sha biyar ya koma [[Villena]] domin fara horo a [[Ferrero Tennis Academy]] a karkashin Jagorancin [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]], wanda ya zama kocin kansa.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Juan Carlos Ferrero será el nuevo coach de Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626171617/https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Equelite JC Ferrero Sport Academy |language=es}}</ref> Ferrero ya ƙi amincewa da buƙatun horarwa da yawa daga manyan 'yan wasa domin kawai ya horar da Alcaraz.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Ferrero enjoying life as coach of rising star Alcaraz |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/ferrero-enjoying-life-as-coach-of-rising-star-alcaraz/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cascales: "La clave es que Alcaraz no pierda la ambición" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/2024/11/14/cascales-clave-alcaraz-no-pierda-ambicion |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=es}}</ref> Haɗin gwiwartu ta sami yabo sosai: Ferrero ya lashe lambar yabo ta [[ATP Awards|ATP Coach of the Year Award]] a shekarar 2022 da 2025. A watan Disamba na 2025, Alcaraz ba tare da tsammani ba ya sanar da cewa shi da Ferrero sun raba jiha bayan shekaru bakwai.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2025 |title=Alcaraz splits with Ferrero, who says 'I wish I could have continued' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-split-december-2025 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=atptour.com |publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, an sanar da cewa [[Samuel López (tennis coach)|Samuel López]], tsohon mamban tawagar horarwa ta Ferrero, zai shiga tawagar Alcaraz domin yin aiki a karkashin Ferrero a matsayin kochi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Alcaraz adds Samuel Lopez to his coaching team |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/alcaraz-adds-samuel-lopez-to-his-coaching-team-798371.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan tashi daga aikin na Ferrero, ya zama babban kocin Alcaraz na lokacin gasar 2026.<ref name="Jurejko" /> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ma'aikata iri ɗaya kusan tun lokacin da ya zo tour. Tawagarsa ta haɗa da mai horar da motsa jiki Alberto Lledó, mai maganin gargajiya/taimakon jiki (physiotherapist) Juanjo Moreno, likita Juanjo López, da kuma wakili Albert Molina. Ɗan uwansa Álvaro yana aiki a matsayin mai taya shi [[hitting partner|horon harbi]] na tsawon lokaci kuma, tun daga 2026, kocin taimakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is how Carlos Alcaraz's team looks ahead to 2025 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/12/13/this-is-how-carlos-alcarazs-team-looks-ahead-to-2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals why brother Alvaro will 'take on more prominence' in his team|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-reveals-brother-will-take-on-more-prominence-as-new-team-role-emerges|website=Tennis365|date=2026-01-23|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Oli Dickson|last=Jefford}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz ya naɗa abokinsa na ƙuruciya Fran Rubio a matsayin ƙarin physiotherapist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=5 February 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz adds close friend and trusted figure to his team |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-adds-close-friend-and-trusted-figure-to-his-coaching-team |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma yana aiki da masanin halayyar dan adam na wasanni Isabel Balaguer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz sees psychologist in bid to beat Novak Djokovic on Centre Court |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/07/15/carlos-alcaraz-psychologist-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Waje da filin wasa (Off the court) == === Yarjejeniyar tallata samfura (Endorsements) === Nike ke ɗaukar nauyin Alcaraz wajen sutura da takalma, sannan Babolat yana ɗaukar nauyinsa wajen raket na wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |title=Brands That Sponsor Carlos Alcaraz |date=8 September 2021 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403192832/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Yana yin wasa da raket din Babolat Pure Aero 98, tare da zare na RPM Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |title='There will never be another Rafa. I am Carlos.' |work=Babolat.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052956/https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin Rolex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |title=Tennis – Rolex Timeless Luxury Watches |work=Rolex.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516181416/https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Now a Rolex Ambassador |date=23 January 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521225311/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, ya fito a cikin yakin tallata tufafin cikin gida na kamfanin kera sutura na Amurka Calvin Klein na shekarar 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bein |first=Kat |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Strips Down For Calvin Klein Underwear Campaign |url=http://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311171114/https://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |magazine=Gotham Magazine}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, ya zama ambassadan alamar Louis Vuitton.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hess |first=Liam |date=28 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is Louis Vuitton's Newest Ambassador |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703164528/https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=Vogue}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ambassada ne na bankin Brazil Itaú Unibanco,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz estrela nova campanha de Itaú Personnalité sobre tênis |url=https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=propmark |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626122423/https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |archive-date=26 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kamfanin kayan kwalliyar fata na kasar Sifaniya Isdin,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the new tennis star |publisher=Isdin.com |date=12 September 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194358/https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> kamfanin abinci na Sifaniya ElPozo,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Brand Ambassador for ELPOZO |work=ElPozo Alimentación – |publisher=Elpozo.com |date=13 June 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232420/https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus BMW a karkashin reshensu na BMW Spain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |title=Carlos Alcaraz talks with the youngest in his official presentation with BMW Spain |newspaper=BMW Group Pressclub |publisher=BMW Group |date= |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194405/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2025, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin abinci na kasa da kasa Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone X Alcaraz |url=https://www.danone.com/newsroom/press-releases/danone-x-alcaraz.html |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=www.danone.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan kuma, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar ruwan kwalba na Faransa Evian, wanda yake karkashin kamfanin Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Evian snaps up Carlos Alcaraz as brand ambassador |url=https://www.marketing-beat.co.uk/2025/06/26/carlos-alcaraz-evian-brand/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2025, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar YoPRO, alamar yogurt mai dauke da sinadarin gina jiki mai yawa wadda ita ma ke karkashin Danone, tare da 'yar uwar alamar Oikos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandelwal |first=Aashay |date=16 July 2025 |title=YoPRO fortifies active lifestyles with Carlos Alcaraz's partnership |url=https://sportsmintmedia.com/yopro-fortifies-active-lifestyles-with-carlos-alcaraz-partnership/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=SportsMint Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oster |first=Danielle |title=Oikos Names Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/408374/oikos-names-tennis-star-carlos-alcaraz-global-bran.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=www.mediapost.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, kamfanin Babolat wanda ya dade yana daukar nauyin Alcaraz ya sanar da fitar da jerin raket da jakunkuna na kasuwanci na "Carlitos Junior" domin matasan 'yan wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Europa |date=2026-02-17 |title=Babolat lanza la primera gama Carlitos junior inspirada en Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.europapress.es/deportes/tenis-00166/noticia-babolat-lanza-primera-gama-carlitos-junior-inspirada-carlos-alcaraz-20260217131949.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.europapress.es}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2026, Alcaraz ya zama ambassada na Sunreef Yachts, kuma ya sayi jirgin ruwa na Ultima 88 catamaran, biyo bayan shawara daga abokin ambassadanci Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-25 |title=Tennis player Carlos Alcaraz buys Sunreef Ultima 88 catamaran |url=https://www.superyachttimes.com/yacht-news/carlos-alcaraz-buys-sunreef-ultima-88-catamaran |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=SYT}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2026, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassada na kamfanin fasaha na kasa da kasa na Indiya Infosys, wanda kuma yake samar da bayanan tennis ga ATP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Infosys |title=7-Time Grand Slam Champion Carlos Alcaraz is Infosys Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/7-time-grand-slam-champion-carlos-alcaraz-is-infosys-global-brand-ambassador-302743087.html |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2026, ya zama ambassada na Ant International, reshen biyan kudi da fasahar kudi (fintech) na kasar Singapore wanda ke karkashin kamfanin Ant Group na kasar Sinar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Ant International Names Tennis World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.financemagnates.com/fintech/ant-international-names-tennis-world-no-1-carlos-alcaraz-global-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=Financial and Business News {{!}} Finance Magnates |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, Forbes ta yi iyakar kimanta cewa Alcaraz shi ne ɗan wasan tennis mai fafatawa mafi samun kudin shiga, ta hanyar hada kudin tallace-tallace da kudaden kyaututtukan nasara, a shekara ta biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Brett |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2024/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2024/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2025">{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Brett |date=22 August 2025 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2025/08/22/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2025/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Sportico ta yi kiyasin cewa Alcaraz shi ne dan wasan motsa jiki na goma a duniya mafi samun kudi daga tallata samfura (ba a tsallake kudaden kyaututtuka ba) a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badenhausen |first=Kurt |date=2026-01-14 |title=Highest-Paid Athletes in the World: Ronaldo Leads Top 100 With $260M |url=https://www.sportico.com/personalities/athletes/2026/worlds-highest-paid-athletes-cristiano-ronaldo-1234880803/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Sportico.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === A cikin kafafen yanar gizo da al'adu da aka sani (In the media and popular culture) === Alcaraz ya bayyana a lokuta biyu na shirin docuseries na Netflix na Break Point,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |title=What happened after Carlos Alcaraz and Holger Rune's Wimbledon clash on 'Break Point' Season 2? |website=[[tennis.com]] |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023609/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |url-status=live}}</ref> kuma ya fafata da Rafael Nadal a The Netflix Slam, wani wasan tennis na kai tsaye da MGM Resorts International ta shirya a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Donelly |first=Matt |date=March 4, 2024 |title=The Netflix Slam Gave Great Live Tennis – And Even Better Streaming Marketing |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304204808/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Alcaraz shine mauduyu na shirin Netflix Carlos Alcaraz: My Way, wanda ya nadar da lokacin wasansa na shekarar 2024 kuma aka fitar da shi a ranar 23 ga Afirilu, 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz Sets Netflix Docuseries, Promises "Everything You Don't See on a Tennis Court" |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=14 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314171436/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin mai kashi uku ya maida hankali ne kan saɓani tsakanin Alcaraz da tawagarsa yayin da yake kokarin daidaita burinsa na kafa tarihi a wasan tennis da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum ta saurayi mai shekaru 21. Ya haɗa da fitowar Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Garbiñe Muguruza, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Björn Borg, da John McEnroe tare da sauran gwanayen wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |date=24 April 2025 |title=What Carlos Alcaraz's 'My Way' Netflix docuseries says about his tennis present and future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6304336/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-my-way-netflix-review-analysis/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2025, Barney Ronay na jaridar The Guardian ya bayyana Alcaraz a matsayin "dan wasa mai ban sha'awa a duniya a halin yanzu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=5 April 2025 |title=Glazed Carlos Alcaraz perfect for the online world but still jarringly human |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/apr/05/glazed-carlos-alcaraz-perfect-for-the-online-world-but-still-jarringly-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An san shi da murmushi mai faɗi da kuma kwarjini a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz looks unbeatable – and has never lost his smile |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/37794353/carlos-alcaraz-looks-unbeatable-never-lost-smile |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The smile, grit & history-making |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-it-all-adds-up |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami kulawar kafafen yanar gizo sosai a waje da filin wasa saboda rayuwarsa ta sirri, musamman tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Ibiza.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=15 June 2025 |title=Buoyant Carlos Alcaraz to continue with his mid-season party breaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/15/carlos-alcaraz-french-open-ibiza-queens-club-tennis |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 June 2025 |title=A year after angering his boss with a session in Ibiza, Carlos Alcaraz is at it again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2025/06/15/carlos-alcaraz-ibiza-party-celebrate-french-open-win/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Zabubbukan askin gashinsa na Alcaraz, musamman askinsa na ras (buzz cut) da bai tsara ba a gasar US Open ta 2025 da kuma fenti rawaya da ya sa wa gashinsa daga baya, sun dauki hankalin kafofin yada labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-26 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's shaved head makes its US Open debut in his first-round win |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-open-2025-carlos-alcaraz-haircut-f051897769c252a05629f2d020572d89 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-24 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Debuts His Boldest Haircut Yet at Rolex Paris Masters |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/serve/style/carlos-alcaraz-debuts-his-boldest-haircut-yet-at-rolex-paris-masters |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Serve On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da yin zanen jiki (tattoo) domin tunawa da nasarorin gasar Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Australian Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz plans kangaroo tattoo, Novak Djokovic wins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cj65576e66ko |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Jaridar The New York Times ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mutane mafi gayu" na shekarar 2025, kuma GQ ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis maza mafi gayu a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Styles Desk |date=2025-12-07 |title=The 67 Most Stylish People of 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/07/style/best-dressed-people-2025.html |access-date=2025-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Remsen |first=Nick |date=2026-08-20 |title=The 18 Most Stylish Men’s Tennis Players of All Time |url=https://www.gq.com/story/most-stylish-male-tennis-players-ever |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar US Open ta 2026, Nike ta kaddamar da tarin tufafin wasa na Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Performance Collection tare da hadin gwiwar Alcaraz da Travis Scott, wanda Alcaraz ya sanya a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Buy: Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Nike Performance Collection |url=https://houseofheat.co/nike/travis-scott-x-nike-zoom-vapor-12-hc-jj2180-100 |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=House of Heat° |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an samu muhawara a kafofin yada labarai lokacin da Alcaraz ya fasa raket dinsa a bainar jama'a a karon farko a lokacin wasa a Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Alcaraz sorry for overreaction, destroying racket |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/40895640/carlos-alcaraz-apologizes-smashing-racket-tough-loss |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya gabatar da hakuri a bainar jama'a.<ref name="RacquetSmash" /> Alcaraz kuma an san shi da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da kafofin yada labarai. Bayan rashin nasararsa a gasar US Open ta 2024, ya bayyana cewa, "Na dauki matakai baya, kamar ban komai da kyau a bangaren lafiyar kwakwalwa, ba ni da karfi. Ban san yadda zan sarrafa kaina ba yayin da nake fuskantar matsaloli kuma ban san yadda zan bi da shi ba."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: 'I feel like I've gone backwards mentally' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-us-open-2024-r2-reaction-spanish |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Biyo bayan rashin nasara a Indian Wells a shekarar 2025, ya amince cewa ya ji "rashin natsuwa a duk tsawon ranar", kuma bayan nasara a Monte Carlo bayan wata daya, ya ce ya kasance yana "fuskantar matsaloli wajen shiga filin wasa" har ma ya yi tunanin daukar dogon hutu daga wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nervous Carlos Alcaraz: I worried more about Draper than my own game |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2025-semifinal-reaction |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Montegan |first=Christian |date=14 April 2025 |title='I was struggling': Alcaraz wins Monte Carlo after 'tough month', sends mental health reminder |url=https://www.thefirstserve.com.au/post/i-was-struggling-alcaraz-wins-monte-carlo-tough-month-sends-reminder-that-players-are-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The First Serve |language=en}}</ref> Masu sharhi daban-daban, ciki har da Andy Roddick, Boris Becker, da Andrea Petkovic, sun jaddada irin gaskiyarsa ta musamman game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=Liam |date=23 April 2025 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz is currently doing something which no tennis player before him ever has |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-is-currently-doing-something-which-no-tennis-player-before-him-ever-has/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Ethan |date=19 March 2025 |title=Roddick Questions Alcaraz's Openness About Mental Insecurity Following Indian Wells Loss |url=https://motorcyclesports.net/roddick-questions-alcarazs-openness-about-mental-insecurity-following-indian-wells-loss/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=M Sports |language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Ewan |date=25 April 2025 |title=Boris Becker warns Carlos Alcaraz's team they are 'demanding too much' of him |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/boris-becker-warning-carlos-alcaraz-mental-health-advice |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An saka Alcaraz a cikin jerin sunaye na Time 100 Next a shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next: Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2022/6213921/carlos-alcaraz/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunaye na ''50 Names in the Boardroom''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=The List: 50 Names In The Boardroom |url=https://boardroom.tv/2025-the-list-cover-story/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Boardroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ayyukan jin ƙai === A watan Afrilun 2024, Alcaraz ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da gidauniyar Carlos Alcaraz Garfia Foundation, da nufin inganta rayuwar yara marasa galihu. Gidauniyar tana da hedkwatarta a El Palmar kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da makarantun yankin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |title=Alcaraz launches foundation to support children in need |date=26 April 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090834/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |language=spanish |title=Fundación Alcaraz |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090836/https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Gidauniyar Alcaraz ta samar da motocin bas don sufurin masu aikin sa-kai bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta gaggawa a Valencia a shekara ta 2024, inda a lokacin guda Alcaraz da Juan Carlos Ferrero suka gudanar da gwanjon sadaka domin tara kuɗaɗe ga waɗanda lamarin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=6 November 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz and coach Ferrero help Valencians hit by dramatic flood |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/149583/carlos-alcaraz-and-coach-ferrero-help-valencians-hit-by-dramatic-flood/ |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2024, Alcaraz ya ƙaddamar da baje koli na gidauniyarsa mai taken "Los Pies en la Tierra" a Murcia, yana mai fito da muhimmancin ba da daidaiton damammaki ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Carlos Alcaraz Foundation inaugurates its Los Pies en la Tierra exhibition |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-foundation-exhibition-inauguration |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Baje kolin ya zagaya zuwa sauran yankunan ƙasar Sifaniya, gami da Madrid da Seville, a shekarun 2025 da 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los tesoros de Alcaraz darán el salto de Murcia a toda España |url=https://castellonplaza.com/castellonplaza/deportes4966/los-tesoros-de-alcaraz-daran-el-salto-de-murcia-a-toda-espana |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Castellón Plaza |language=es}}</ref> === Sa hannu a sauran wasanni === Alcaraz masoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke goyon bayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sifaniya ta Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Madrid Stars Support Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-real-madrid-vini-rodrygo-madrid-2023 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2026, ya gabatar da kofin duniya na FIFA a madadin Louis Vuitton kafin wasan ƙarshe na tsakanin Sifaniya da Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waller |first=Thomas |date=2026-07-20 |title=Louis Vuitton Sets the Stage for Spain’s World Cup Victory |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/louis-vuitton-trophy-trunk-spains-world-cup-2026-victory-1239076049/ |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi sosai wajen nuna goyon baya na fili ga sauran 'yan wasan Sifaniya da dama, ciki har da matuƙin motar Formula One Fernando Alonso da kuma ɗan wasan MMA ɗan asalin Jojiya da Sifaniya Ilia Topuria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz's Passion For F1: 'What Fernando Alonso Is Doing Is Crazy!' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-formula-one-miami-2023-feature |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz meets Ilia Topuria in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2024-ilia-topuria-meeting |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma gwanin taka leda ne a wasannin golf da na ciki (chess). A shekara ta 2023, dandalin Chess.com ya ƙira wani na'urar robot (bot) na Carlos Alcaraz wanda kowane mai amfani da dandalin zai iya ƙalubalanta a shafin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz The Chess Player |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-chess-feature-november-2023 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Timelines na sakamakon gasar Grand Slam === {{Performance key|short=yes}} ''Zuwa gasar [[2026 US Open – Men's singles|2026 US Open]].'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!SR!!W–L!!Rabon Nasara % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Australian Open |A |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=eaecf0|1 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|18–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=18|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|French Open |style=background:#ecf2ff|Q1 |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|25–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=25|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Wimbledon |style=color:#767676|NH |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |style=background:thistle|F |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|24–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=24|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|US Open |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 6 |bgcolor=eaecf0|28–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=28|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" |style=textalign:left|Nasara–Kaye |0–0 |8–4 |16–3 |17–2 |19–2 |24–2 |11–1 |7 / 21 |95–14 |{{tennis win percentage|won=95|lost=14|integer=yes}} |} === Wasan karshe na gasar Grand Slam === ==== Guda daya: 8 (7 kofuna, 1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="sortable wikitable nowrap" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !class=unsortable|Maki |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2022 |style=background:#ccf|US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|NOR}} Casper Ruud |6–4, 2–6, 7–6^(7–1), 6–3 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2023 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |1–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–1, 3–6, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open |Clay |{{flagicon|GER}} Alexander Zverev |6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–2, 6–2, 7–6^(7–4) |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |{{nowrap|4–6, 6–7^(4–7), 6–4, 7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(10–2)}} |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 4–6 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ccf|US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |2–6, 6–2, 6–3, 7–5 |} === Timeline din samun nasara a ATP Finals === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:96%;" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!width=35| SR !! width=35| W–L !!width=35|Rabon Nasara % |- |style="background:#efefef;" align=left|ATP Finals |colspan=2 style=color:#767676|DNQ |A{{Efn|Ya samu nasarar shiga amma bai sa mu damar bugawa ba saboda rauni}} |style=background:yellow|SF |style=background:#afeeee|RR |style=background:thistle|F | |bgcolor=efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=efefef|7–5 |bgcolor=efefef|{{tennis win percentage|won=7|lost=5|integer=yes}} |} === ATP Finals === ==== Guda daya: 1 (1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Sakamako ! Shekara ! Gasar ! Sama ! Abokin karawa ! class="unsortable" | Maki |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#ffffcc|ATP Finals |Hard (i) |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |} === Gasar Wasannin Olimpic na Bazara === ==== Guda daya: 1 (Lambar azurfa) ==== {|class="wikitable" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !width=140 class="unsortable"| Maki |- |bgcolor=FFA07A |Kaye |2024 |style=background:#ffea5c|Paris Olympics |Clay |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–7^(3–7), 6–7^(2–7) |} == Tarihi da Rahotanni == === Tarihin duk lokaci === {| class="wikitable" !Lamari !Tun daga !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- | rowspan="2" |'''Grand Slam tournaments''' | rowspan="2" |1877 |Samun nasarar manyan kofuna biyu bayan ceto maki 1+ na match points |Rod Laver <br />Novak Djokovic |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |} === Tarihin zamanin Open Era === * Waɗannan rahotannin an same su ne a zamanin Open Era na wasan tennis da kuma cikin gasar ATP Masters 1000 tun daga shekara ta 1990. * Tarihin da ke da rubutu na '''baki mai kauri''' yana nuna nasarorin da babu wanda ya taba samun irinsu. {| class="wikitable" !Tsawon lokaci !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- |2021 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai matakin quarterfinal a US Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2021|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="5" |2022 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar ATP 500 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|2|21}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Miami Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|4|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Wins First ATP Masters 1000 Title In Miami |work=ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404162129/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Madrid Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|5|8}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest player to win the Madrid Open title |url=https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110826/https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya zama ATP world No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|9|12}}<ref name="ATPWorldNo1" /> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala shekara a matsayin ATP No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|11|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="1" |2023 |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a gasar mafi kyawun saiti uku (awanni 3, mintuna 49) |Novak Djokovic |- |rowspan="4" |2024 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofunan guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|6|9}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Joyce |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is the Youngest Man To Win Grand Slam Titles on All Three Surfaces Following French Open Win |url=https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Hype Beast |date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610110339/https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |url-status=live}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar Channel Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|7|14}} <br /> ''Lasa gasar French Open da Wimbledon a shekara guda'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe na naɗin lambar yabo a gasar Olympic – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|8|2}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="8" |2025 |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida (indoor), da na waje (outdoor hard court) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe kofunan ATP guda ɗaya a filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida, da na waje – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|2|9}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ceto maki 3+ na neman nasara (championship points) domin lashe manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ya samu nasara a manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) daga rashin nasara a saiti biyu na farko |Björn Borg<br />Ivan Lendl<br />Andre Agassi<br />Gastón Gaudio<br />Dominic Thiem<br />Novak Djokovic<br />Rafael Nadal<br />Jannik Sinner |- |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a French Open da aka taɓa yi (awanni 5, mintuna 29) |Jannik Sinner |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe dukkan Big American Titles – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|8|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-breaks-pete-sampras-31-year-old-world-record-article-152485225 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Creates History; Breaks Pete Sampras' 31-Year-Old World Record |website=Times Now |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=5 September 2025}}</ref> <br /> ''Lashe US Open, Indian Wells, Miami Open, da Cincinnati Open a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau uku a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala double career Surface Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|7}} <br /> ''Lashe kofuna masu yawa akan dukkan samfurin filaye a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="4" |2026 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasannin kofuna (major tournament) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau 4 a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofuna bakwai guda ɗaya – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major milestone: Alcaraz completes Slam set with AO 2026 title {{!}} AO|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/major-milestone-alcaraz-completes-slam-set-ao-2026-title|website=ausopen.com|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Alcaraz ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa kamar haka: '''Kyaututtukan ƙwararru''' *ATP Newcomer of the Year – 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz On Winning Newcomer Of The Year: 'I'm So Happy' {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-newcomer-of-the-year-2020 |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe ATP Player of the Year – 2022, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz headlines 2025 ATP Awards; Jannik Sinner, Valentin Vacherot among winners |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/atp-awards-2025-all-winners |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Most Improved Player – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Named Most Improved Player Of The Year In 2022 ATP Awards {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-awards-2022-most-improved-player-of-the-year |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award – 2023, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=9 December 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins prestigious ATP award for second time |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-picks-up-prestigious-award-stefan-edberg |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Hot Shot of the Year – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins 2025 Hot Shot of the Year |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-best-of-2025-hot-shot |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ITWA Player Ambassador Award – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Clay |date=26 August 2025 |title=Van Tuinen and Varela Nahmías received awards at the ITWA 2025 Gala in New York, which also honoured Alcaraz and Gauff |url=https://www.claytenis.com/cov/itwa-gala-new-york-van-tuinen-varela-nahmias-alcaraz-gauff/ |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=CLAY |language=en}}</ref> '''Kyaututtukan kafofin sada zumunta da watsa labarai''' *Best Tennis Player ESPY Award – 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2026 |title=ESPYs 2026 Winners: See the Complete List |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1433939/espys-2026-winners-see-the-complete-list-live-updates |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=E! Online}}</ref> *Sau 3 ya lashe Sports Press Association na yankin Murcia — Zakaran ɗan wasa na shekara – 2021,{{efn|Ya raba kyautar da Pedro Acosta.}} 2024, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Acosta and tennis star Alcaraz share top athlete award |url=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/180601 |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The Official Home of MotoGP |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Talking about 2024 is complicated for me: ups and downs, hard moments of injuries and doubts" |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/tennis/2171213-carlos-alcaraz-talking-about-2024-is-complicated-for-me-ups-and-downs-hard-moments-of-injuries-and-doubts |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=28 November 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz named region's best athlete for 2025 – Murcia's finest |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/161784/carlos-alcaraz-named-region-s-best-athlete-for-2025-murcia-s-finest/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> *Spanish Sportsman of the Year – 2022{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Breakthrough of the Year – 2023{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Sportsman of the Year – 2026<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-laureus-world-sportsman-of-the-year-2026 |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> '''Girmamawa''' *Lambar Yabo ta Zinare ta Yankin Murcia (''Medalla d'Or de la Región de Murcia'') – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Hot Shots: Rafael Nadal and Carlos Alcaraz celebrate in Spain |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-06-10/hot_shots_rafael_nadal_and_carlos_alcaraz_celebrate_in_spain.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=US Open}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Time'' 100 Next (Phenoms) – 2022<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next |url=https://time.com/collections/time100-next-2022/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Time}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Forbes'' 30 Under 30 (Turai - Wasanni da Wasannin Motsa Jiki) – 2023<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 March 2023 |title=30 Under 30 Europe 2023 - Sports & Games |url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2023/europe/sports-games |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> *Kyautar Sarki Felipe (''Premio Rey Felipe'') – 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title= Alcaraz receives King Felipe Award |url= https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-king-felipe-award-april-2024 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> *Jerin ''Forbes'' na 'yan wasan tennis 10 mafi samun kudin shiga a duniya – 2025 (#1)<ref name="Forbes2025" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] amuxyq3pcfdi9a5h45sf65ufm7eoc81 966800 966799 2026-10-12T12:13:31Z Nura Bello 24854 966800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carlos Alcaraz Garfia''' {{Efn|{{IPA|es|ˈkaɾlos alkaˈɾaθ ˈɣaɾfja|lang}};<ref>{{cite web |title=The pronunciation by Carlos Alcaraz himself |url=https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |work=ATPWorldTour.com |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412223748/https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |url-status=live}} </ref>}} (an haife shi ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[tennis]] ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. An sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a duniya a gasar maza marasa aure ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Tennis (ATP) tsawon makonni 66, kuma ya kammala a matsayin na 1 a ƙarshen shekara ta 2022 da [[Tafiya ta ATP ta 2025|2025]] . Alcaraz ya lashe kofuna 26 na matakin ATP Tour, ciki har da manyan gasa bakwai da kuma kofuna takwas na ATP Masters 1000 . Shi ne mutum na tara kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a cikin 'yan wasa marasa aure. Alcaraz, wanda matashi ne, ya lashe gasar karshe ta Next Gen ATP kuma ya lashe kyautar sabon shiga na ATP na shekarar 2020. A shekarar 2022, Alcaraz ya lashe babban kambunsa na farko a gasar US Open . Ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a Zamanin Buɗewa da aka sanya shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya, a 19 shekaru, 130 kwanaki da suka wuce, kuma sun kammala shekarar a matsayin mafi ƙarancin shekaru a ƙarshen shekara a tarihin ATP . Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Wimbledon a shekarar 2023, inda ya doke zakaran gasar [[Novak Djokovic]] sau bakwai a wasan karshe . A shekarar 2024, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar French Open ta farko kuma ya kare kambunsa a Wimbledon, inda ya zama matashin da ya lashe gasar " Channel Slam ". A shekarar 2025, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan karshe na tarihi don lashe gasar French Open, da kuma gasar US Open, sannan ya kare a matsayin lamba 1 a duniya a karo na biyu. A shekarar 2026, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Grand Slam ta bakwai a gasar Australian Open, kuma ya zama matashin da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a shekarar. 22 shekaru, 272 kwanaki da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes Career Grand Slam &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2026-career-grand-slam |access-date=6 July 2026 |website=Atptour.com}}</ref> An san shi da salon wasansa na faɗa da kuma nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri. == Farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Carlos Alcaraz Garfia ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003, a El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, ga iyaye Carlos Alcaraz González da Virginia Garfia Escandón. Alcaraz yana da babban ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Álvaro, da ƙannensa biyu, Sergio da Jaime. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz's Family: All About the Tennis Champion's Parents and Siblings |url=https://people.com/all-about-carlos-alcaraz-family-parents-siblings-7814256 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara buga wasan tennis yana da shekaru huɗu a Real Sociedad Club de Campo de Murcia, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance kocin wasan tennis kuma mai kula da kulob. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar tallace-tallace a IKEA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Se Destapa En Vogue |url=http://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifin Alcaraz ya taɓa buga wasan tennis amma ya daina neman sana'arsa ta ƙwararru tun yana matashi, domin ba zai iya biyan kuɗin sa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moya |first=Francisco J. |date=6 April 2022 |title=El abuelo de Carlos Alcaraz, de la receta de las tres 'C' a la "alegría, el orgullo y el alivio" |url=https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021526/https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=La Verdad |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Mi padre tenía muchas raquetas y el club estaba al lado de casa" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.amp.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=www.lavanguardia.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko da Babolat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=28 October 2025 |title=Who are Carlos Alcaraz's big sponsors? Massive Nike deal and stripping to his underwear for Calvin Klein |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-features/carlos-alcarazs-sponsors-20m-nike-deal-chief-progress-officer |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya kalli yadda yake fafatawa yana da shekaru 11, wakilin IMG Albert Molina ya gane Carlos a matsayin fitaccen mai baiwa kuma ya nemi shawo kan iyayensa su yi aiki tare da shi; mahaifinsa ya amince a ƙarshe lokacin da Carlos yake da shekaru 12. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signed At 12, Carlos Alcaraz Investment Now Paying Rich Dividends {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/how-carlos-alcaraz-has-built-a-winning-team |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2025 |title=Who Sits in Carlos Alcaraz's Player's Box? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/articles/sits-carlos-alcarazs-players-box-130000828.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Yahoo Life |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title="Carlos and I are almost the same person, we think the same way" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/exclusive-interview-with-alcaraz-coach-juan-carlos-ferrero-carlos-and-i-are-almost-the-same-person-we-think-the-same-way-670345.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz yakan kasance tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Álvaro, wanda ke aiki a matsayin abokin wasansa na bugun ƙwallo kuma mataimakin kocinsa. A lokacin hutun kakar wasa ta tennis, yana zaune a gidan iyayensa da ke Murcia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz is already training on the clay in Murcia with his sights set on Paris 2024 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/07/18/alcaraz-is-already-training-on-the-clay-in-murcia-with-his-sights-set-on-paris-2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Abokansa da iyalansa suna kiransa "Carlitos" ko "Charly". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=1 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals the nickname has given himself |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-nickname-carlitos-interview-press-conference |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Shi [[Cocin katolika|ɗan Katolika]] ne, kuma ya sami albarka daga firistoci kafin manyan gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz makes time for blessing amid US Open pressure |url=https://aleteia.org/2025/08/25/heres-the-catholic-way-carlos-alcaraz-prepares-for-us-open/ |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Macken: The athletic side of the newest saints |url=https://bccatholic.ca/voices/pat-macken-bccath/macken-the-athletic-side-of-the-newest-saints |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=The B.C. Catholic |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙarami == A lokacin yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya fafata a wajen Spain a karon farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 10 a Croatia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz – the Birth of One Boy's Dreams, the Death of One Man's Hopes {{!}} InsideTennis.com |url=https://www.insidetennis.com/2023/06/carlos-alcaraz-the-birth-of-one-boys-dreams-the-death-of-one-mans-hopes/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya sha kashi a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=The 'brutal charisma' and staggering game of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/33944927/heir-apparent-carlos-alcaraz-ready-complete-tennis-takeover-2022-french-open |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya zama memba na hukuma a ƙungiyar Babolat, daga baya ya shiga jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da suka fi shahara a duniya tun yana ɗan shekara 13. A shekarar 2015, Alcaraz ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 12 ta Rafa Nadal Tour Masters, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=James |date=1 August 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's little brother notches a win on Rafa Nadal Tour |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcarazs-little-brother-jaime-notches-win-rafa-nadal-tour |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Alcaraz ta ji daɗin kakar wasa mai ban mamaki a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14. Ya lashe XIV Taça Internacional Maia Jovem, ya doke Daniel Rincón a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz and Radulova reign on clay in Maia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F111601%2FAlcaraz-and-Radulova-reign-on-clay-in-Maia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya kama Babolat Cup. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U12 Babolat Cup International Masters Finals – Roberta Gaskell Crowned Champion – Yorkshire Tennis |url=https://www.yorkshiretennis.org.uk/u12-babolat-cup-international-masters-finals-roberta-gaskell-crowned-champion/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wannan bazarar, ya taimaka wa Spain lashe Kofin bazara na Turai na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=10 July 2017 |title=Spain and Ukraine win 14&U European Summer Cups |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/45284/spain-and-ukraine-win-14ampu-european-summer-cups/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar Sipaniya da ta zo ta biyu zuwa Switzerland a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa na Duniya ta ITF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's younger brother is now set to follow in his footsteps this year |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcarazs-younger-brother-is-now-set-to-follow-in-his-footsteps-this-year/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da haɓɓakarsa a shekarar 2018. A watan Yuli, ya lashe gasar Dutch Junior Open, inda ya doke Filip Kolasinski a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TC Bakkum Dutch Junior Open 2018 |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/tc-bakkum-dutch-junior-open-2018/ned/2018/j-g2-ned-01a-2018/draws-and-results/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma makonni bayan haka ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta hanyar doke Elmer Møller . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz & Bartone victorious at European 16&U Championships |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/121329/Alcaraz-Bartone-victorious-at-European-16U-Championships |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar a gasar cin kofin Junior Davis da aka yi a Budapest, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar cin kofin Spain, inda ya ceci maki a wasa yayin da yake bin Harold Mayot a wasanni daya-daya kafin ya dawo ya lashe wasan da ya fi daukar hankali bayan Faransa ta fara jagoranci. <ref name="ChildhoodCoach">{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 May 2023 |title='This boy was born to be No 1': the making of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601065251/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moran |first=Tom |date=30 September 2018 |title=SPAIN WINS 2018 JUNIOR DAVIS CUP AFTER COMEBACK VICTORY |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/spain-wins-junior-davis-cup-after-comeback-victory/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2019, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar J300 Villena, inda ya doke Illya Beloborodko a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena \ Trofeo Juan Carlos Ferrero (Villena), J300 Boys, 2019-03-26 Tennis Results |url=https://www.coretennis.net/majic/pageServer/0r0100000c/en/tid/73829/Tournament-Rounds.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.coretennis.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/j300-villena/esp/2025/j-j300-esp-2025-001/champions/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a gasar Tennis Europe Junior Tour a shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From European Junior Champion to record breaker: Carlos Alcaraz Garfia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/127560/From-European-Junior-Champion-to-record-breaker-Carlos-Alcaraz-Garfia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ƙarami, ya samu matsayi mafi girma a duniya a fannin aiki na lamba 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia 2025: biography, Career, Net Worth, earnings and titles |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis-player/1348/carlos-alcaraz-garfia/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tennisworldusa.org}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwararru == === 2018–2020: Farawar farko ta ƙwararren ɗan wasa === A watan Fabrairun 2018, yana da shekaru 14, Alcaraz ya buga wasan tennis na farko na ƙwararru a matsayin wanda zai fafata a gasar Spain F5 ITF Futures da ke Murcia. Ya fitar da Federico Gaio, ɗan wasa na biyu kuma ɗan wasa na duniya mai lamba 292 a zagayen farko, kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata. Ya tattara maki biyu na farko na ATP daga wannan gasa, kuma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa na duniya na 1414 a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: How Covid has kept a lid on this mercurial talent |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-how-covid-has-kept-a-lid-on-this-mercurial-talent/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2019, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 15, ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar Challenger wasa a JC Ferrero Challenger da ke Villena. Ya yi nasara a zagayen farko da wani matashi mai suna [[Jannik Sinner]] mai shekaru 17, wanda ya yi nasara a wasanni goma sha shida a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenger TV: Watch Carlos Alcaraz & Jannik Sinner's first meeting ahead of French Open clash |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/watch-alcaraz-sinner-first-meeting-alicante-2019#:~:text=A%2015-year-old%20Alcaraz,one%20hour%20and%2050%20minutes. |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasan Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=3 April 2024 |title=Five Years of Fire: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Jannik Sinner's First Encounter |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/143738/five-years-of-fire-carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner-s-first-encounter/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu da Lukáš Rosol, ɗan wasa na takwas. Mako guda bayan haka a gasar Murcia Open, ya doke Pedro Martínez na biyar a matsayi na biyar kuma na duniya mai lamba 140 a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Addicott |first=Adam |date=10 April 2019 |title=Emulating Nadal, 15-year-old Carlos Alcaraz Stuns Top 150 Player On Challenger Tour |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2019/04/emulating-nadal-15-year-old-carlos-alcaraz-stuns-top-150-player-challenger-tour/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=UBITENNIS |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da lashe kofuna hudu na Challenger, uku daga cikinsu kafin ya kai shekara 18. Shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya kai wasan cin kofin Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Challenger Trieste: 17-year-old Alcaraz wins first title |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/atp-challenger-trieste-17-year-old-alcaraz-wins-first-title |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, yana da shekaru 16, Alcaraz ya fara buga babban wasansa na ATP a Rio Open bayan ya sami katin gargadi na babban wasan guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Carlos Alcaraz grabs 2020 Rio Open wild card for an ATP debut |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215222514/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |archive-date=15 February 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Ya doke Albert Ramos Viñolas, ɗan wasa na duniya na 41, a tseren marathon mai tsawon sa'o'i uku da mintuna 37. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz, 16, Wins ATP Tour Debut In Rio |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/garin-andujar-alcaraz-rio-2020-monday |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe gasar ATP Tour, kuma ya cimma wannan nasarar kafin a haifi kowa a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=18 February 2020 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia, the first player born in 2003 to win an ATP Tour match! |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/ATP_Tennis/84227/carlos-alcaraz-garfia-the-first-player-born-in-2003-to-win-an-atp-tour-match/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=16 April 2025 |title=Diego Dedura-Palomero celebrates wildly after emulating Sinner, Alcaraz, Fonseca |url=https://www.tennis365.com/atp-tour/first-player-born-each-year-win-atp-match-featuring-carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-diego-dedura-palomero |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu ta hannun Federico Coria . A watan Satumba na 2020, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 17, ya buga zagaye na farko na cancantar shiga gasar French Open da aka dage. Ya riƙe maki biyu a wasanni don kayar da Aleksandar Vukic a jere, amma ya ƙare da rashin nasara a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vukic saves two match points in Roland Garros win |url=https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121112837/https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=Tennis Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> === 2021: Gasar ATP ta farko, Zakaran Next Gen === Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a babban wasan da aka buga a gasar Australian Open ta 2021 . Shi ne mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya cancanci shiga gasar tun bayan [[Novak Djokovic]] a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":023">{{Cite web |title=Parallels with Rafa mean no escape for Alcaraz |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/features/parallels-rafa-mean-no-escape-alcaraz |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ausopen.com |language=en}}</ref> Yayin da aka dage babban jadawalin wasannin saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Alcaraz ya buga gasar Great Ocean Road Open a farkon watan Fabrairu, inda Thiago Monteiro ya kayar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiago Monteiro vs. Carlos Alcaraz Melbourne 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/8998/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da aka yi canjaras a gasar Australian Open, Alcaraz ya doke Botic van de Zandschulp a jere. Shi ne kaɗai matashi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka wuce zagaye na farko, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasa a babban wasa. <ref name=":023" /> A zagaye na biyu, Mikael Ymer ya kayar da Alcaraz. [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2021]] Alcaraz ya buga gasannin Challenger da ATP Tour a duk lokacin bazara, ciki har da Gran Canaria Challenger II da Open Occitanie . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco Trungelliti vs. Carlos Alcaraz Gran Canaria 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9458/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallon Griekspoor vs. Carlos Alcaraz Montpellier 2021 1st Round Qualifying &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/375/qs013 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya samu kyaututtuka a gasar Mexican Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun zakaran da ya lashe Alexander Zverev a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Zverev vs. Carlos Alcaraz Acapulco 2021 Round of 32 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/807/ms031 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> a gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Frances Tiafoe a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frances Tiafoe vs. Carlos Alcaraz Barcelona 2021 Round of 64 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/425/ms041 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> da kuma a gasar Andalucía Open, inda ya doke Nikola Milojevic, Feliciano Lopez, da kuma Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na uku a gasar ATP, inda ya shiga gasar ATP mafi zurfi a rayuwarsa. Ya sha kashi a hannun ɗan ƙasarsa Jaume Munar a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaume Munar vs. Carlos Alcaraz Marbella 2021 Semi-Finals &#124; Estadísticas de Partido |url=https://www.atptour.com/es/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9462/ms003 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami nasara a gasar Miami Open, inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na farko a hannun Emil Ruusuvuori . Wannan shine farkon bayyanarsa a gasar ATP Masters 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emil Ruusuvuori vs. Carlos Alcaraz Miami 2021 Round of 128 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/403/ms081 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> An sake ba shi wani kyautar ATP 1000 a gasar Madrid Open . Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar a tarihin gasar bayan ya sha kaye a zagaye na farko a hannun Adrian Mannarino, inda ya karya tarihin da [[Rafael Nadal]] ya kafa a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ya haɗu da Nadal a karon farko da suka haɗu a fagen wasa, kuma ya sha kashi a hannun sa a wasanni biyu a ranar da ya cika shekaru goma sha takwas da haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz on 'Dream' Nadal Clash: 'It's the Best Birthday Present' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504040630/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar Challenger Oeiras III a matsayin ɗan wasa mara matsayi, kuma ya doke Facundo Bagnis a wasan ƙarshe don lashe kambun Challenger na huɗu a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Claims Historic Fourth Challenger Crown |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601170732/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Alcaraz Triumphs at Oeiras Open Challenger |url=https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175712/https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, ya tashi daga matsayi na 114 zuwa na 94 a cikin jerin 'yan wasa na ATP. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 100, da kuma ƙaramin ɗan wasa a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz moves into the top 100 with a Challenger win in Oeiras |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-moves-into-the-top-100-with-a-challenger-win-in-oeiras |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":133">{{Cite web |last=Battersby |first=Kate |date=29 June 2021 |title=Alcaraz making a name |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-06-29/teenager_alcaraz_making_name_for_himself.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> Alcaraz ya samu damar shiga gasar French Open cikin sauƙi, kuma ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Jan-Lennard Struff ya kayar da shi. Shi ne mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai zagaye na uku a Roland Garros cikin shekaru 29, kuma shi ne mafi ƙarami da ya kai wannan matsayi a kowace babbar gasa tun bayan Nadal a 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest man to reach third round in Paris in 29 years |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/alcaraz-becomes-youngest-man-to-reach-third-round-in-paris-in-29-years/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a Wimbledon ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. A zagaye na farko, ya doke Yasutaka Uchiyama a wasan farko na zagaye biyar a rayuwarsa. <ref name=":133" /> Daniil Medvedev, mai lamba 2 a duniya, ya sha kaye a zagaye na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=Alix |date=1 July 2021 |title=Medvedev too strong for teenager |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-07-01/medvedev_too_strong_for_teenager_alcaraz.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Umag Open, inda ya doke Richard Gasquet don lashe gasar ATP ta farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2021 |title=No escaping Carlos Alcaraz: 18-year-old becomes youngest ATP champion since 2008 in Umag |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/umag-atp-250-atp/no-escaping-carlos-alcaraz-18-year-old-becomes-youngest-atp-champion-since-2008-in-umag-436105.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne zakaran ATP mafi ƙarami tun Kei Nishikori a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joao Fonseca makes history in Buenos Aires, wins first ATP Tour title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/cerundolo-fonseca-buenos-aires-2025-final |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A zagaye na uku na gasar US Open, Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas na duniya na 3 a wasan da suka buga a filin wasa na Arthur Ashe a zagaye na biyar. Yana da shekaru 18 da watanni huɗu, Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya doke ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa uku a gasar US Open tun lokacin da aka fara gasar ATP a shekarar 1973. Ya kuma zama mafi ƙarancin mutum a babban zagaye na huɗu tun bayan Andrei Medvedev mai shekaru 17 a gasar French Open ta 1992, kuma mafi ƙarancin mutum a zagaye na huɗu na gasar US Open tun bayan Michael Chang mai shekaru 17 a 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Records Biggest Career Win, Shocks Stefanos Tsitsipas in US Open Thriller |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904001025/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=Alcaraz, 18, stuns Tsitsipas; Tiafoe tops Rublev |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904010845/https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata fainal ta hanyar doke Peter Gojowczyk wanda ya yi nasara a wasan share fage. Ya zama ɗan wasan kwata-kwata na maza na US Open a Zamanin Buɗe Ido, mafi ƙarancin shekaru tun Thomaz Koch a 1963, kuma mafi ƙarami a kowane babban gasa tun Michael Chang a Gasar French Open ta 1990 . Ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da Félix Auger-Aliassime a zagayen kwata-kwata bayan ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Latest: Alcaraz says leg muscle made him stop at Open |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611083455/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, an zabi Alcaraz a matsayi na 30 a gasar ATP Masters 1000, amma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko a hannun [[Andy Murray]] . A gasar Vienna Open makonni biyu bayan haka, Alcaraz ya haɗu da Murray don sake fafatawa kuma ya kayar da shi. Daga nan ya doke Matteo Berrettini, ɗan wasa na 7 a duniya, inda ya lashe gasar a matsayi na biyu a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 a rayuwarsa, sannan ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 35 a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=In his win over Matteo Berrettini, Carlos Alcaraz showed that blurring speed and crisp technique can still prevail against a bigger opponent |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/in-his-win-over-matteo-berrettini-carlos-alcaraz-showed-that-blurring-speed-and- |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=On-song Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final %%page%% – Tennis Majors Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/on-song-zverev-outguns-alcaraz-to-reach-vienna-final-509336.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Paris Masters, Alcaraz ta yi nasara ta uku a kan [[Jannik Sinner|Jannik Sinner,]] ɗan wasa na takwas a gasar ATP a karon farko da suka fafata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigal |first=Joseph |date=3 November 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz stuns Jannik Sinner to open ATP Finals door for Hubert Hurkacz and Cameron Norrie |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-stuns-jannik-sinner-to-open-atp-finals-door-for-hubert-hurkacz-and-cameron-norrie/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennishead |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da haka, a zagaye na 16, Alcaraz bai iya jurewa da jama'ar gida masu cike da tashin hankali suna goyon bayan ɗan Faransa Hugo Gaston ba kuma ya sha kashi a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=5 November 2021 |title=Alcaraz blown away by the most remarkable set of tennis seen in 2021 |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-gaston-paris-comeback |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kammala kakar wasa a gasar Next Gen ATP Finals ; ya cancanci zama na uku a bayan Sinner da Auger-Alissime, amma ya zama na farko bayan sun janye. Ya mamaye zagayen da aka yi don lashe kambun, inda ya fadi wasa daya kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz leaves NextGen behind with Milan magic – Roland-Garros – The official site |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/magic-carlos-alcaraz-wins-nextgen-2021-milan |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us}}</ref> === 2022: Zakaran gasar US Open, lamba 1 a duniya === An zabi Alcaraz a karon farko a wani babban gasa a gasar Australian Open . Ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Matteo Berrettini ya sha kashi a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Carlos Alcaraz Has Done Quicker Than the Big Three |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053743/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=19 January 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan daga baya zai zama wani tabo na musamman a tarihin nasarar da Alcaraz ya samu a jere a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-30 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals how he kept five-set streak alive in Australian Open epic |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-australian-open-five-set-record-zverev-b2910771.html |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A gasar Rio Open, Alcaraz ya lashe kambunsa na farko na ATP 500 ta hanyar doke Diego Schwartzman a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rises to Career-High After Rio de Janeiro Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221233858/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan ƙaramin wanda ya lashe gasar ATP 500 tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri rukunin a shekarar 2009. Ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 mafiya hazaka a gasar ATP a karon farko a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2022. A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran kare kambun Cameron Norrie inda ya kai zagayen farko na wasan kusa da na karshe na ATP Masters 1000, wanda ya sha kashi a hannun [[Rafael Nadal]] . Makonni biyu bayan haka, a gasar Miami Open, Alcaraz ya doke Casper Ruud don lashe kambunsa na farko na 1000. Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar tseren gudu ta maza a tarihin gasar, haka kuma shi ne zakaran tseren gudu ta ATP Masters 1000 na maza mafi ƙaranci tun bayan [[Rafael Nadal]] a Monte-Carlo a 2005. Shi ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Spain na farko da ya lashe gasar Miami. A Monte-Carlo, Alcaraz ya fusata da Sebastian Korda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz exits in windy Monte Carlo against unseeded Sebastian Korda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909091103/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a zagayen kwata na karshe na gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 10 mafiya kwarewa a duniya a karon farko a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=ATP Barcelona: Carlos Alcaraz downs Stefanos Tsitsipas and writes history |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612145924/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas in Barcelona Open thriller to guarantee spot in world's top-10 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-barcelona/2022/carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-in-barcelona-open-thriller-to-guarantee-spot-in-world-s-top-_sto8896118/story.shtml |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya zama mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 tun bayan Nadal a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2005, daidai shekaru 17 da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Alcaraz Downs Tsitsipas Again, Reaches Barcelona Semis |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611054850/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=7 May 2022 |publisher=Tennis Now}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Straight-A Student' Carlos Alcaraz Makes Historic Top 10 Breakthrough |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620021504/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Pablo Carreño Busta inda ya lashe kofin Barcelona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Amazing Alcaraz Wins Barcelona Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=24 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Kwana bayan cikarsa shekaru 19, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran duniya sau biyar, mai lamba 4 a duniya kuma na uku [[Rafael Nadal]] a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar Madrid Open . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Takes Out Rafael Nadal in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506172936/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan ita ce nasarar farko da Alcaraz ya samu a kan Nadal, kuma ita ce haduwarsu ta ƙarshe a matakin Tour. Washegari, Alcaraz ya fuskanci [[Novak Djokovic|Novak Djokovic,]] ɗan wasan duniya na 1, a karon farko da ya haɗu. Bayan sa'o'i uku da mintuna talatin da shida, Alcaraz ya yi nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na uku. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya ci nasara a wasa da lamba 1 a duniya tun bayan Nadal a 2004, kuma ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo da ya taɓa kayar da Nadal da Djokovic a jere a kan yumbu. A wasan ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya wargaza zakaran kare kambun kuma ɗan wasa na 3 a duniya Alexander Zverev cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna huɗu. Ya zama zakara mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin gasar a 19 shekaru, 3 kwanaki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=History-Maker: Alcaraz Continues Rewriting The History Books |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702192848/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, Alcaraz ya hau matsayi mafi girma a duniya a matsayi na 6. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Defeats Alexander Zverev for Madrid Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509071148/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa Alcaraz zai zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so a gasar French Open . A wasan zagaye na biyu da ya yi da Albert Ramos Viñolas, an kai shi zagaye biyar kuma an tilasta masa ya ceci maki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=22 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Londero: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055351/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=28 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Korda: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055352/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz Breaks New Ground With Khachanov Win In Paris |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530163456/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar Wimbledon, Alcaraz ta sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a zagaye na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2022: Jannik Sinner holds on to sink Carlos Alcaraz to make quarter-finals at SW19 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/wimbledon/2022/wimbledon-2022-jannik-sinner-holds-on-to-down-carlos-alcaraz-to-make-quarter-finals-at-sw19_sto9017773/story.shtml |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> A gasar Hamburg Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a karon farko a wasan karshe na ATP da Lorenzo Musetti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2022 |title=Musetti Stuns Alcaraz In Hamburg For His First ATP Tour Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724210823/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, wannan sakamakon ya kai shi ga wani sabon matsayi a duniya a matsayi na 5 a duniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli; ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 5 tun bayan Nadal a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top-5 Alcaraz Sets All-Next Gen Final with Musetti |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724073733/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=24 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Alcaraz Makes History, Cracks Top 5: 'It's Pretty Amazing' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727133536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe na biyu a jere a gasar Croatia Open Umag, a wani rashin nasara da [[Jannik Sinner]] ya yi. Ya zama lamba 4 a duniya a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rides Hot Start into Umag SFS |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730055941/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Beats Giulio Zeppieri to Reach Umag Final |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730195301/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022]] Saurin Alcaraz na Arewacin Amurka bai fara da kyau ba: ya fusata da Tommy Paul a karon farko a gasar Canadian Open, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TNT Sports is not available in your region |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=www.tntsports.co.uk}}</ref> da Cameron Norrie a wasan kwata-kwata na Cincinnati Open . Kafin gasar US Open, Alcaraz, [[Rafael Nadal]], Casper Ruud, Daniil Medvedev, da Stefanos Tsitsipas duk suna fafatawa don lashe matsayi na 1 a duniya . A zagaye na huɗu, Alcaraz ya doke tsohon zakaran Marin Čilić a zagaye biyar, kuma ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata na US Open a lokacin Open Era . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=usopen|title=Carlitos is finding success in New York at a young age. https://t.co/fOpdx9ncC2|date=6 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907041535/https://twitter.com/usopen/status/1567035942849888259|archive-date=7 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A zagayen kwata na ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ceci maki a wasa a zagaye na huɗu kafin ya murmure ya yi nasara a zagaye biyar da [[Jannik Sinner]] . Wasan ya ɗauki awanni biyar da mintuna goma sha biyar, kuma ya sami nasarar ƙarshe a tarihin gasar da ƙarfe 2:50 na safe EST. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Open: Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jannik Sinner in five-hour epic to reach semi-finals |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12692535/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-jannik-sinner-in-five-hour-epic-to-reach-semi-finals |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasa na uku a jere da ci biyar a jere inda ya doke Frances Tiafoe . [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz,_Swiss_Indoors_Basel_2022.jpg|thumb| Carlos Alcaraz, ɗan wasan Switzerland na cikin gida Basel 2022.]] Daga nan Alcaraz ya hadu da Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na biyar a jerin 'yan wasa na ƙarshe a babban wasansa na farko, wasan da ya ninka a matsayin bugun fenariti ga matsayi na 1 a duniya. Alcaraz ya lashe wasan a zagaye hudu inda ya lashe babban kofi na farko. Ya zama ƙarami a lamba 1 a tarihin ATP Rankings a 19 shekaru, 130 Kwanaki, sun karya tarihin Lleyton Hewitt, kuma na biyu mafi karancin shekaru bayan Lew Hoad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz wins US Open title & rises to world No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912002152/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name="ATPWorldNo1">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest world No. 1 in Pepperstone ATP rankings history |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912000636/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Youngest Year-End ATP No. 1 Presented By Pepperstone In History |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116111255/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya kuma zama zakaran gasar maza mafi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Nadal a gasar French Open ta 2005, mafi ƙanƙanta zakaran US Open tun bayan Pete Sampras a 1990, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarun 2000 da ya lashe babban kambun 'yan wasa ɗaya. Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta ƙare cikin sauƙi. Ya sha kashi a wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na ɗaya a duniya a hannun Félix Auger-Aliassime a gasar cin kofin Davis Cup ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz loses debut as world No. 1 to Félix Auger-Aliassime in Davis Cup Finals meeting |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020537/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun David Goffin a zagayen farko na gasar Astana Open, sannan ya sake shan kashi a hannun Auger-Aliassime a Basel . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2022 |title=In-Form Felix Flies Past Alcaraz In Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030165358/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe na gasar Paris Masters, amma ya yi ritaya bayan ya koma Holger Rune . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2022 |title=Rune into Paris semis after Alcaraz retires, Djokovic advances |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020525/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Kwana guda bayan haka, ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni a cikin ciki wanda ya tilasta masa korar makwanni shida, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa kammala kakar wasa da wuri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livie |first=Alex |date=6 November 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz facing six weeks out with injury, will miss ATP Finals and Davis Cup in 'tough and painful' blow |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115070641/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A lokacin yana da shekaru 19 da kwanaki 214, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar a matsayin ƙarami kuma matashi na farko a duniya a matsayin lamba 1 a zamanin ATP, kuma na biyu mafi ƙarami a tarihin duniya bayan Hoad. <ref name=":0" /> === 2023: Zakaran Wimbledon === [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Roland_Garros_2023_cropped2.jpg|right|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2023]] A ranar 7 ga Janairu, Alcaraz ya sanar da janyewarsa daga gasar Australian Open saboda raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa ta dama yayin atisaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Australian Open 2023: World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Grand Slam tournament due to leg injury |url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107033406/https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayi na ɗaya a duniya tsawon makonni 20, amma ya sha kaye bayan gasar ga zakaran [[Novak Djokovic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Djokovic Returns To No. 1, Mover Of Week |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208002730/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |access-date=8 February 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa a gasar Argentina Open, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko. Ya doke Cameron Norrie a wasan ƙarshe a jere, inda ya lashe kofinsa na farko tun bayan gasar US Open ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2023 |title=Tennis, ATP – Argentina Open 2023: Alcaraz wins the final against Norrie |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/argentina-open-alcaraz-wins-the-title-661801.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar Rio Open, inda yake kare kambun, shi ma da Norrie; duk da haka, ya ƙara masa rauni a ƙafarsa a lokacin wasan kuma ya sha kashi a wasanni uku. Alcaraz ya janye daga gasar Mexican Open, yana mai cewa raunin da ya samu kenan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Both Alcaraz and Norrie withdraw from Acapulco |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/both-alcaraz-and-norrie-withdraw-from-acapulco-663856.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi nasarar cin nasara ta 100 a rayuwarsa da Tallon Griekspoor, wanda shi ne ɗan wasa na 31 a gasar a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗan wasa na biyu mafi sauri da ya kai wannan matsayi bayan John McEnroe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz 'really proud' to reach milestone before Djokovic, Nadal and Federer |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315145121/https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer/ |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=tennishead.net}}</ref> Ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe da kuma Daniil Medvedev a wasan karshe don daukar kofin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=SF Preview: Alcaraz, Sinner Renew Rivalry In Indian Wells |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2023-sf-preview |access-date=25 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe gasar Indian Wells ba tare da ya faɗi ko ɗaya ba tun bayan [[Roger Federer]] a shekarar 2017, kuma shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Sunshine Double a duka ƙungiyoyin biyu. Sakamakon haka, ya sake samun matsayi na 1 a duniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Alcaraz Wins Indian Wells, Returns To World No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320085101/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya yi fatan kammala gasar Sunshine Double a Miami, inda ya kasance zakaran da ke kare kambun. Ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe ba tare da ya fadi ko da wasa daya ba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Jannik Sinner a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinner Storms Back To Beat Alcaraz In Miami SF, Ending Spaniard's No. 1 Reign |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-miami-2023-sf |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Da rashin maki na kambunsa, Alcaraz ya koma matsayi na 2 a jerin 'yan wasa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2023 |title=Jannik Sinner wins the point of the year, then ends Carlos Alcaraz's hopes for a Sunshine Double |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402045713/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> An shirya Alcaraz zai buga wasa a Monte-Carlo Masters a mako mai zuwa, amma ya janye saboda raunin da ya samu a hannunsa na hagu da kuma rashin jin daɗin tsoka a kashin bayansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Rafael Nadal, Carlos Alcaraz pull out of Monte Carlo Masters |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524225356/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a wasan ƙarshe na gasar Barcelona Open don kare kambunsa ba tare da ya faɗi ko da wasa ɗaya ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas to retain title |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524235345/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kare kambunsa a gasar Madrid Open, inda ya doke Jan-Lennard Struff don lashe kambunsa na goma a rayuwarsa, sannan ya ƙara rinjayensa a kan yumbun Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Makes History with 10th Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508000728/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> A gasar Italian Open, Alcaraz ya dawo da matsayi na 1 daga hannun Djokovic ta hanyar buga wasansa na zagaye na biyu. Duk da haka, ya fusata a zagaye na uku da Fabian Marozsan, wanda ya zo na 135 a duniya a jere, a cikin abin da Jon Wertheim ya kira babban tashin hankali na shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabian Marozsan Beats Carlos Alcaraz in Rome Upset |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522152536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday/ |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> Alcaraz ya faɗi wasa ɗaya kacal kafin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Roland-Garros, inda ya haɗu da [[Novak Djokovic]] a karo na biyu na wasansu na aiki. Wannan fafatawa ce da ake sa ran yi, domin mutanen biyu ba su buga wasa ba sama da shekara guda duk da ci gaba da fafatawar da suke yi a matsayi na 1 a duniya. Wasan ya kasance mai gasa har sai da Alcaraz ya yi kasa a gwiwa a farkon saitin na uku saboda ciwon baya da matsin lamba na kwakwalwa da kuma karfin jiki; Djokovic ya yi nasara a zagaye hudu, inda ya ci gasar kuma ya sake samun matsayi na 1. <ref name="CrampVsDjokovic">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Djokovic beats cramping Alcaraz, into French final |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/37826198/novak-djokovic-beats-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-french-open-final |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_2023_Gentlemen's_Singles_Trophy.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz yana riƙe da Kofin Kalubalen 'Yan Wasan Gentlemen bayan ya lashe Gasar Wimbledon ta 2023]] A gasar Queen's Club, Alcaraz ya lashe kofinsa na farko a kan ciyawa a gasarsa ta uku da aka yi a matakin Tour, inda ya doke Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe. Wannan nasarar ta kuma mayar da shi matsayin lamba 1 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Sean |date=26 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Queen's and declares himself a 'favourite' for Wimbledon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225946/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |archive-date=6 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Duk da cewa Alcaraz bai yi wani abin a zo a gani ba a gasar Wimbledon, ya yi kasa da seti biyu kacal a wasan karshe, inda ya fafata da Djokovic, wanda ya lashe kofi sau bakwai da kuma Djokovic, wanda ya kare sau hudu. Alcaraz ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa a farkon saitin amma ya riƙe ƙarfin gwiwarsa don lashe wasan a cikin seti biyar. Ya ɗauki awanni huɗu da mintuna arba'in da biyu, kuma nan take aka yaba masa a matsayin wani labari na zamani. Wannan shine kofinsa na farko a Wimbledon, kuma shine karo na biyu da ya lashe babban kofi gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Novak Djokovic to win Wimbledon title in final for the ages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/16/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final-singles-men-tennis |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ya zama mutum ɗaya tilo da ba a cikin Big Four ba da ya lashe gasar Wimbledon ta 'yan wasa tun daga shekarar 2002, kafin a haife shi da kansa. <ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |last=Gharib |first=Anthony |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Wimbledon, denies Novak Djokovic record 24th Grand Slam singles title |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717061050/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na Toronto a hannun Tommy Paul . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Rory |date=12 August 2023 |title=Alcaraz stunned by Paul in Toronto quarters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/de-minaur-shocks-medvedev-reach-semis-toronto-2023-08-11/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Daga nan ya sake haɗuwa da Djokovic a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati . Alcaraz ya sha kashi a zagaye uku, duk da cewa ya samu maki a gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe. Shi ne mafi tsayin daka a tarihin gasar ATP Masters 1000, kuma shine mafi tsayi a tarihin gasar, a cikin awanni 3 da mintuna 49; Djokovic ya yaba da hakan a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi wahala a rayuwarsa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrogan |first=Ed |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic saves championship point in thrilling Cincinnati final win over Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821015125/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic overcomes Carlos Alcaraz to win Cincinnati title in instant classic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar US Open a matsayin zakaran kare kambun, kuma ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe saboda rashin nasara a wasa daya kacal. Duk da haka, ya sha kashi a can a hannun zakaran 2021 Daniil Medvedev a zagaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=9 September 2023 |title=Daniil Medvedev stuns Carlos Alcaraz to set up US Open final showdown with Novak Djokovic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909040451/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Alcaraz ya sake rasa matsayi na 1 a hannun Djokovic, wanda ya kare maki ba tare da ya kare ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Djokovic's Devastating Start To US Open |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829074008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga kakar wasa ta kaka da hunturu da nufin samun matsayi na 1 a ƙarshen shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'No. 1 Is One Of The Main Goals' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022031/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz On No. 1 Battle: 'Djokovic Is On My Mind In Every Practice' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053710/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, kamar shekarar 2022, ya fuskanci koma baya a ƙarshen shekara yayin da yawon shakatawa ya koma filin wasa mai ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na Beijing, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Grigor Dimitrov a zagaye na 16 a Shanghai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2023 |title=Sinner powers past Alcaraz to book Beijing final with Medvedev |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107055215/https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=11 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz suffers shock defeat to Grigor Dimitrov in latest Shanghai Masters upset – 'I knew what I had to do' |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022028/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Ya janye daga Basel saboda rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz Withdraws From Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> kuma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko na gasar Paris Masters a hannun Roman Safiullin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'A Lot Of Things To Improve' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-reaction-paris-2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar ATP da aka yi a [[Torino|Turin]], Alcaraz ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev amma ya doke Andrey Rublev da Daniil Medvedev a zagayen zagaye. Ya cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic, wanda daga baya ya zama zakara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=19 November 2023 |title='I'm not at his level' – Carlos Alcaraz admits 'unbelievable' Novak Djokovic is superior indoors after ATP Finals defeat |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119135056/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar da ta zo ta 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=Ferrero On Alcaraz's 'Extremely Good' Year |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> ===2024: Nasarar Channel Slam da lambar azurfa ta Olympics=== [[File:Carlos Alcaraz - Vainqueur Roland Garros 2024.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana riƙe da kofin Coupe des Mousquetaires bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 French Open]]]] Alcaraz ya fara wasanninsa na shekarar 2024 a [[2024 Australian Open – Men's singles|Australian Open]]. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a wasansa da [[Miomir Kecmanović|Miomir Kecmanovic]], inda ya kai matakin wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta wasan tennis;<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz joins illustrious quarterfinal club|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|website=ausopen.com|language=en}}</ref> sai dai ya sha kashi a wannan mataki a hannun [[Alexander Zverev]] da ci 3–1 a rukuni-rukuni.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2024|title=Alcaraz wiped out in quarterfinal loss to Zverev|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051155/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairu, Alcaraz ya zaɓi sake buga wasanni a filayen laka na Kudancin Amurka a karo na uku a jere. Ya shiga [[2024 Argentina Open – Singles|Argentina Open]] a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Nicolás Jarry]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2024|title=Alcaraz moves on, gets Jarry in Argentina semis|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051721/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2024|title=Alcaraz upset by Jarry in Argentina Open semifinals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref> A mako na gaba, ya janye daga [[2024 Rio Open|Rio Open]] bayan mintuna kaɗan da fara wasansa na farko, sakamakon karkacewar idon sawunsa na dama.<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2">{{cite news |date=21 February 2024|title=Alcaraz rolls ankle, exits Rio Open after 2 points.|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022036/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni na karkacewar jijiyar gefen idon sawunsa, amma zai rasa horo na "kwanaki kaɗan" kawai kafin [[2024 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|Indian Wells]].<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2" /> A matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma a wasu filayen da yake matuƙar so a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya dawo cikin ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2024|title=Alcaraz buzzing after seeing off bee invasion, Zverev in 'most unusual match'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022548/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=15 March 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]], inda ya kawo ƙarshen wasanni 19 da Sinner ya ci a jere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives bee invasion to set up Indian Wells semi-final with Jannik Sinner |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022556/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |url-status=live|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="atptour.com2">{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |title=Carlos Alcaraz snaps Jannik Sinner's winning streak in Indian Wells SFs |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074750/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |url-status=live|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke [[Daniil Medvedev]] a wasan ƙarshe, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko cikin watanni takwas.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins second straight Indian Wells title with victory over Medvedev in final|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317234703/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|archive-date=17 March 2024|access-date=17 March 2024|work=[[tennis.com]]}}</ref> A [[2024 Miami Open – Men's singles|Miami Open]], Alcaraz ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba, amma [[Grigor Dimitrov]] ya doke shi a wannan mataki.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2024|title=Miami Showtime Alcaraz ousts Musetti; Dimitrov buries his Miami 'kryptonite'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022552/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2024|title=Grigor Dimitrov stuns Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets to reach Miami Open semis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022551/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, ya sauka zuwa matsayi na 3 a duniya, a bayansu [[Novak Djokovic]] da Sinner, wanda ya lashe Miami Open. [[File:2024 Summer Olympics men's singles tennis tournament's podium, 2024-08-04 (59) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana karɓar lambar azurfarsa bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 Summer Olympics]]]] Rauni ya kawo cikas ga kakar wasannin laka ta Alcaraz. Ya janye daga [[2024 Monte-Carlo Masters|Monte-Carlo Masters]] da [[2024 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell|Barcelona Open]] saboda matsala a hannunsa na dama, musamman yankin gabansa.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Monte Carlo Masters with right forearm injury|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022555/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz: Spaniard withdraws from the Barcelona Open with injury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/68812339|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A [[Madrid Open (tennis)|Madrid Open]], Alcaraz ya ci gaba da fama da wannan rauni, wanda ya hana shi buga bugun forehand ɗinsa na musamman da cikakken ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun [[Andrey Rublev]], wanda daga baya ya lashe gasar,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner joins Carlos Alcaraz on the on sidelines ahead of Italian Open in Rome|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=7 May 2024|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref> sannan ya janye daga [[2024 Italian Open (tennis)|Rome Open]].<ref name=":14" /> Duk da haka, Alcaraz ya murmure a kan lokaci domin ya buga [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|French Open]] a watan Yuni. Duk da wasu wasannin farko da ba su yi masa sauƙi ba, ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ya doke mai matsayi na biyu, [[Jannik Sinner]], a cikin rukuni biyar masu tsauri, ya kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na Roland Garros a karon farko. Alcaraz ya doke [[Alexander Zverev]] a wani wasa na rukuni biyar, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko na Roland Garros. Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 35, ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya lashe babban kambu a filaye iri uku daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay|first=George|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins third major title with five-set victory at the French Open over Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elbaba|first=Julia|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest man in complete the Surface Slam|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|archive-date=7 June 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|publisher=NBC Los Ángeles.com|language=EN}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya kare kambunsa na [[2024 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] ta hanyar doke [[Novak Djokovic]] da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, a sake fafatawa da juna bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2023 Wimbledon Championships|2023]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz crushes Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wimbledon: Carlos Alcaraz bullies Novak Djokovic to win his second straight title at All England Club|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023055/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|work=Sky Sports}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 70, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a zamanin Open Era da ya kammala nasarar [[Channel Slam]] (lashe French Open da Wimbledon a kakar wasa ɗaya).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roopanarine|first=Les|date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz sweeps past Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.lovegametennis.com/carlos-alcaraz-sweeps-past-novak-djokovic-to-retain-wimbledon-title-tennis/|access-date=19 July 2024|website=Love Game Tennis|language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya shiga [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar Olympics]] a wasannin ninkaya da na mutum ɗaya. Yana haɗin gwiwa da Rafael Nadal, ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a ninkaya. A gasar mutum ɗaya, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba. Ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda ake sa ran zai lashe lambar zinare; duk da haka, ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic a rukuni biyu masu tsauri, inda babu ɗayansu da ya rasa wasansa na hidima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2024|title=Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to win Olympic tennis gold and seal 'Golden Slam'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/cjk33v1n8n4o|access-date=5 August 2024|website=[[BBC Sport]]|language=}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya taɓa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mutum ɗaya. Alcaraz bai shiga [[2024 National Bank Open – Men's singles|Canadian Open na 2024]] ba, inda ya bayyana gajiya a matsayin dalili. Ya buga [[2024 Cincinnati Open – Men's singles|Cincinnati Open na 2024]], amma [[Gaël Monfils]] ya yi nasarar doke shi a zagayen farko.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=Monfils stuns Alcaraz in Cincinnati|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-monfils-cincinnati-2024-friday|access-date=16 August 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Wannan wasa ya kasance karo na farko da Alcaraz ya fasa raket a filin wasa, lamarin da ya jawo ɗaukar hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai sosai kuma ya sa ya bayar da uzurin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=El monumental cabreo de Alcaraz: destroza su raqueta tras perder en Cincinnati|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/tenis/2024/08/16/66bfaa02e85ecea4598b459a.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=ELMUNDO|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez|first=Diego Fonseca|date=17 August 2024|title=Alcaraz: primera raqueta reventada, perdón público y foco en el US Open|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-08-17/alcaraz-primera-raqueta-reventada-perdon-publico-y-foco-en-el-us-open.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="RacquetSmash">{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/17/sport/carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-open-racket-spt-intl/index.html |title=Carlos Alcaraz apologizes for smashing and breaking racket in 'worst match' of his career |date=17 August 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024 |last=Ronald|first=Issy|last2=Schlachter|first2=Thomas|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya buga [[2024 US Open – Men's singles|US Open na 2024]], inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu da ci 3–0 a hannun [[Botic van de Zandschulp]], lamarin da ya ba mutane mamaki. Wannan shi ne karon farko da aka fitar da shi daga babbar gasa tun Wimbledon ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hansen|first1=James|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|title=Carlos Alcaraz knocked out of U.S. Open by Botic van de Zandschulp in major upset|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5733308/2024/08/30/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-result-van-de-zandschulp/|access-date=30 August 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya dawo da kwarin gwiwarsa ta hanyar samun nasarori a gasannin ƙungiyoyi na [[2024 Davis Cup|Davis Cup]] da [[2024 Laver Cup|Laver Cup]]. Bayan haka, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 China Open – Men's singles|China Open]]. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da Alcaraz ya haɗu da Sinner a shekarar 2024, kuma ya sake samun nasara a karo na uku.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media|first=P. A.|date=2 October 2024|title=Alcaraz ends Sinner's winning streak to land China Open|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/oct/02/carlos-alcaraz-ends-jannik-sinner-winning-streak-in-pulsating-encounter-to-land-china-open-tennis|access-date=24 October 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Da wannan nasara, Alcaraz ya sake karɓar matsayi na 2 a duniya daga [[Alexander Zverev]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brugnoli|first=Simone|date=30 September 2024|title=BREAKING: Carlos Alcaraz leapfrogs Zverev to No.2 in ATP ranking|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/148635/breaking-carlos-alcaraz-leapfrogs-zverev-to-no2-in-atp-ranking/|access-date=24 October 2024|website=Tennis World USA|language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihin ATP Tour da ya lashe kambun gasar mutum ɗaya ta [[ATP 500]] a kowane irin fili – [[Clay court|laka]], [[Grass court|ciyawa]] da [[hardcourt|filin ƙasa mai tauri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza|first=Alejandro|date=2 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz vence a Jannik Sinner y conquista el torneo de Pekín|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-10-02/carlos-alcaraz-vence-a-jannik-sinner-y-conquista-el-torneo-de-pekin.html|access-date=2 October 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="ChinaOpenSinner">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024|title=China Open: Carlos Alcaraz recovers to beat Jannik Sinner in dramatic final|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8v6560lnro|access-date=15 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sai dai, ya sake samun sakamako marasa daidaito a sauran gasannin kaka, kamar yadda ya faru a shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe na [[2024 Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] a hannun [[Tomáš Macháč]], sannan ya sha kashi a zagaye na 16 na [[2024 Rolex Paris Masters|Paris Masters]] a hannun [[Ugo Humbert]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz stunned by Tomas Machac at Shanghai Masters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c5y0vjye5gpo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on Ugo Humbert defeat: 'I gave everything'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paris-2024-thursday-reaction|access-date=7 December 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Bai ji daɗin ƙoshin lafiya ba a lokacin [[2024 ATP Finals|ATP Finals]], amma bai janye daga gasar ba. Ya doke [[Andrey Rublev]], amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Casper Ruud]] da Alexander Zverev da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, inda ya fita daga gasar a matakin zagayen rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024|title=ATP Finals: Carlos Alcaraz exits after losing to Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c3deml3xng2o|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake haɗuwa da [[Spain Davis Cup team|ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Spain]] a [[Málaga]] domin buga wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe. [[Netherlands Davis Cup team|Ƙungiyar Netherlands]] ta fitar da su daga gasar, lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwar [[Rafael Nadal]] a wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024|title=Rafael Nadal: Retiring superstar's career over after Spain lose to the Netherlands at Davis Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0k82v4n25vo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa namiji na farko da ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na 3 a duniya duk da lashe manyan kambuna biyu. ===2025: Lakubban Faransa da US Open, komawa matsayi na 1=== Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2025 a Australian Open ta 2025, inda yake kokarin zama mafi karancin shekaru da zai kammala Grand Slam na Aiki (Career Grand Slam).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/carlos-quest-history-making-crown-ao-2025 |title=Carlos' quest for a history-making crown at AO 2025 |date=18 January 2025 |access-date=16 March 2025 |last=Ridge|first=Patric|website=ausopen.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Zagoria|first=Adam|date=6 January 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz Eyeing Career Slam At Australian Open: 'My Main Goal' For The Season|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2025/01/06/carlos-alcaraz-eyeing-career-slam-at-australian-open-my-main-goal-for-the-season/|access-date=16 March 2025|work=Forbes}}</ref> Sai dai, Novak Djokovic ya kayar da shi a zagayen daf da na kusa da karshe (quarterfinals), a wasan da aka daure wa guda a matsayin wanda ya gudanar da shi cikin fargaba daga bangarensa na raga.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025">{{Cite web |last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan|date=21 January 2025|title=Djokovic overcomes injury to stun Alcaraz in Melbourne|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cvg8nz90xkjo|website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2025-01-21 |title=Novak Djokovic defies injury to stun Carlos Alcaraz at Australian Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jan/21/novak-djokovic-defies-injury-to-stun-carlos-alcaraz-at-australian-open-tennis |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zabi ya gudanar da wasanni a filayen taurin Turai (European hardcourts) a watan Fabrairu a karorinsa na farko a rayuwarsa. Ya lashe kofin farko na filin gida me tauri (indoor hardcourt) na rayuwarsa a Rotterdam Open, inda ya kayar da Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Rotterdam Open for first indoor title|url=https://www.espn.com.au/tennis/story/_/id/43765633/carlos-alcaraz-wins-rotterdam-open-first-indoor-title|access-date=16 March 2025|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A gasar Qatar Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a zagayen quarterfinals a hannun Jiří Lehečka, duk da cewa shi ne ya fara karye sajin Lehečka a kowane saiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiri Lehecka shocks Carlos Alcaraz in Doha|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-doha-2025-thursday|access-date=16 March 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na wanda yake kare kofinsa sau biyu a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jack Draper a zagayen semifinal duk da ya doke shi 6-0 (bagel) a saiti na biyu. Wannan shi ne rashin nasara na farko da Alcaraz ya yi bayan zagayen quarterfinals a wata gasa a cikin tsawon shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John|first=Andrew|title=BNP Paribas Open: Jack Draper stuns Carlos Alcaraz to reach first Indian Wells final|url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2025/03/15/jack-draper-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-reach-indian-wells-final/82452718007/|access-date=16 March 2025|website=The Desert Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Cikin rashin kyakkyawan yanayi, daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Miami a hannun lamba 55 na duniya, David Goffin, wanda hakan ya zama rashin nasararsa ta uku kacal a zagayen farko na rayuwarsa a gasar ATP 1000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2025|title=Goffin upsets Alcaraz with stunning Miami comeback|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-goffin-miami-2025-friday}}</ref> File:Carlos Alcaraz - Roland Garros 2025 - serving (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana yin sabis a French Open ta 2025 Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta filin laka (clay season) ta kasance me nasara sosai. Ya fara ta ne a Monte-Carlo Masters, wata gasa da a baya bai taba lashe ko da wasa guda daya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on clay: 100 matches and a legacy of greatness|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-clay-feature-monte-carlo-2025|access-date=13 April 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ko da yake har yanzu yana cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa a farko, Alcaraz ya yi kazar-kazar ta tsakiyar saiti uku masu tsanani tare da Arthur Fils a quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one has 'missed clay' after reaching semi-finals with win over Arthur Fils|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ckgr41p941no|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan karshe, ya doke Lorenzo Musetti domin samun lakabin ATP Masters 1000 na farko a cikin watanni goma sha uku. Alcaraz ya isa wasan karshe na Barcelona Open cikin sauki, inda ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Holger Rune. Biyan bayan wasan karshe, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a kafafunsa biyu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2025|title=Holger Rune stuns Carlos Alcaraz to win Barcelona Open title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/44766918/holger-rune-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-win-barcelona-open-title|access-date=21 April 2025|website=espn.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare|first=Charlie|date=24 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid Open with muscle injury|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6295860/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-madrid-open-out-injury/|access-date=26 April 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke lamba 1 na duniya Jannik Sinner domin lashe kofinsa na farko na Italian Open. Ya zama mutum na uku da ya lashe kowani babban kofi na zamani a filin laka (French Open, Monte-Carlo, Madrid, da Rome) bayan Rafael Nadal da Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=West|first=Ewan|date=18 May 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz emulates Rafael Nadal & Novak Djokovic as he claims maiden Italian Open title|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-italian-open-clay-feat-rafael-nadal-novak-djokovic|access-date=18 May 2025|website=Tennis365|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake saduwa da Sinner a wasan karshe na biyu a jere a French Open. Bayan lashe saiti biyu na farko, Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a kan sabis din Alcaraz a saiti na hudu. Alcaraz ya kare kansa daga 0–40 sannan ya karye sabis din Sinner da kansa domin lashe saitin. Wannan ya tilasta saiti na biyar, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe tare da mamaya a super tiebreak, ta haka ya sami lakabinsa na biyar na Grand Slam. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 29, wannan shi ne wasan karshe na French Open mafi tsawo da aka taba yi, kuma wasan karshe na babban kofi (major final) na biyu mafi tsawo a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2025|title=French Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jannik Sinner in classic Roland Garros final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c0eqjpzq972o|access-date=8 June 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma shi ne karon farko da Alcaraz ya dawo bayan an bahi ratar saiti biyu ba tare da ya ci ko guda ba,<ref name="ATPRG2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz joins this list of players to rally from two sets down in a Grand Slam final...|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-roland-garros-2025-final-two-set-comeback|access-date=8 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zama dan wasa maza na tara da ya cimma wannan nasarar domin lashe wasan karshe na babban kofi guda daya.<ref name="ATPRG2025" />. Marubuta da dama da masu sharhin wasanni sun ayyana shirin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girman wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com|title=Was the Carlos Alcaraz-Jannik Sinner Roland Garros match the best ever played?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-2025-roland-garros-best-match-ever|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=I saw Alcaraz and Sinner's epic final – and it changed tennis forever|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-final-rivalry-b2766292.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=Alcaraz vs Sinner: Was this the greatest tennis match of the decade?|url=https://www.shortlist.com/sport/alcarez-vs-sinner-was-this-the-greatest-tennis-match-of-the-decade|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Shortlist|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=How Alcaraz broke his own limits – and Sinner – to win astonishing French Open final|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-result-report-b2766076.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flink|first=Steve|date=9 June 2025|title=Steve Flink: Alcaraz Somehow Stops Sinner in a Roland Garros Epic|url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2025/06/steve-flink-alcaraz-somehow-stops-sinner-in-a-roland-garros-epic/|access-date=3 October 2025|website=UBITENNIS|language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa na filin ciyawa (grass season) a Queen's Club Championships. Nasarar da ya samu a semifinals a kan Roberto Bautista Agut ita ce nasararsa ta 250 a ATP; ya zama namiji na uku mafi sauri da ya cimma wannan nasara a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims 250th win, surges into Queen's Club final|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bautista-agut-london-2025-saturday|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Jiří Lehečka a wasan karshe domin samun lakabinsa na uku a jere, kuma lakabinsa na biyar a kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jiri Lehecka for second Queen's Club title|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-london-2025-final|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A zagayen farko na Wimbledon, Alcaraz ya fuskanci kalubalen saiti biyar ba tsammani daga Fabio Fognini, wanda tuni ya sanar da yin murabus dinsa kuma bai lashe ko wasa guda ba a tsawon kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives five-set scare from Fabio Fognini in Wimbledon opener|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fognini-wimbledon-2025-monday|access-date=11 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya rasa saiti guda kowanne a hannun Jan-Lennard Struff, Andrey Rublev, da Taylor Fritz, amma a karshe har yanzu ya kai wasansa na karshe na hudu a jere. Ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jannik Sinner a saiti hudu, wanda shi ne rashin nasararsa ta farko a wasan karshe na Grand Slam kuma rashin nasararsa ta farko a hannun Sinner tun shekarar 2023. Wannan kuma ya kawo karshen nasarori 24 a jere na Alcaraz, mafi tsawo a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2025-07-13 |title=Wimbledon 2025 results: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to win first All England Club title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c5ykw5n0p7no |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> File:P20250907DT-0983 President Donald Trump attends the U.S. Open Men’s Championship.jpg|left|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz a wasan karshe na US Open ta 2025 Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wani babban wasan karshe kuma a Cincinnati Open. Sinner ya sha wahala ta fuskar jiki, sannan ya janye yayin da Alcaraz ke gaba da 5–0 a saiti na farko. Saboda haka Alcaraz ya sami lakabinsa na uku na ATP 1000 a kakar wasan.<ref name="ATPCincinnati2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims first Cincinnati crown after Jannik Sinner retires|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-alcaraz-cincinnati-2025-final|access-date=19 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A US Open, Alcaraz ya wuce ta zagayen farko guda shida na gasar tare da samun nasarar 6-0 (bagelling) a kan Mattia Bellucci da Luciano Darderi a hanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz cruises through to fourth round of US Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c15ljzy3dqjo|access-date=30 August 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A semifinal, ya sami nasararsa ta farko a kan Novak Djokovic a fili me tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025">{{Cite news |last1=Futterman|first1=Matthew|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|date=5 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz overpowers Novak Djokovic to reach U.S. Open final|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6601703/2025/09/05/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-us-open-result-analysis/|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi hakan a US Open tun Roger Federer a 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar|first=Rana|date=6 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz follows Federer's 2015 path to US Open final, beats Djokovic without dropping a set|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/carlos-alcaraz-follows-federers-2015-path-to-us-open-final-beats-djokovic-without-dropping-a-set/articleshow/123728168.cms?from=mdr|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Wannan shi ne wasansa na karshe na takwas a jere a matakin yawon shakatawa (tour-level final), kuma a karo na uku a jere a wasan karshe na Grand Slam, ya fuskanci Jannik Sinner. Alcaraz ya doke shi a saiti hudu domin samun lakabinsa na shida na Grand Slam a cikin daya daga cikin tsawon tafiye-tafiye mafi kyau a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: How Carlos Alcaraz produced 'faultless' performance to beat Jannik Sinner and win title|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c9v7nld4we2o|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama namiji na hudu kuma mafi karancin shekaru a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era) da ya lashe lakubban Grand Slam da dama a kowane irin fili.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=Alcaraz bests Sinner to win US Open, sixth Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46190196/carlos-alcaraz-defeats-rival-jannik-sinner-us-open|access-date=8 September 2025|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya kuma sake karbe matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a karon farko a cikin shekaru biyu.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz returns to World No. 1 following US Open triumph|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-no-1-return-september-2025|access-date=7 September 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara fitowarsa ta farko a Japan Open Tennis Championships. A saiti na farko na wasansa na zagayen farko da Sebastián Báez, ya murde idon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz says he was "scared" after hurting ankle in first-round win at Japan Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ce8467zl778o|access-date=28 September 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da raunin, ya ci gaba da taka leda har ya kai wasansa na karshe na tara a jere, inda ya fuskanci Taylor Fritz. Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Fritz a Laver Cup kwanaki 10 kawai da suka gabata, Alcaraz ya wuce ta kansa domin karkare kofinsa na takwas na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz exacts quick Taylor Fritz revenge, captures Tokyo title on debut |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fritz-tokyo-2025-final |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Shanghai Masters saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of Shanghai Masters just hours after winning Japan Open |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-shanghai-masters-injury-withdraw-b2836573.html |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en|date=30 September 2025}}</ref> Ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Paris Masters a hannun Cameron Norrie a saiti uku, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen nasarorinsa na jere a wasannin karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz first player to qualify for 2025 Nitto ATP Finals {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-nitto-atp-finals-2025-qualification |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A ATP Finals, Alcaraz ya doke Alex de Minaur, Taylor Fritz, da Lorenzo Musetti domin zama na farko a rukuninsa na round robin. Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Musetti, ya tabbatar da matsayin lamba 1 na karshen shekara a karo na biyu. Alcaraz ya doke Félix Auger-Aliassime a semifinal, inda ya yi kurakurai uku kacal marasa karfi (unforced errors) a saiti na farko. Ya ci gaba zuwa wani wasan karshe kuma da Jannik Sinner, wanda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=ATP Finals: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to defend title in Turin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c05147lz7g9o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Davis Cup saboda raunin tsokar cinyarsa (hamstring), ta haka ya kammala kakar wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one withdraws from Spain's Davis Cup Finals team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8z53330g6o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===2026: Lakabin Australia, Kammala Career Grand Slam, Rauni=== A lokacin shirye-shiryen tunkarar kakar wasa na watan Disamba, Alcaraz ya rabu da kocin da suka daɗe tare, Juan Carlos Ferrero.<ref name="Jurejko">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-17 |title=Carlos Alcaraz splits with coach Juan Carlos Ferrero after long partnership |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0mpj8427pzo |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB|last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2026 a Australian Open ta 2026, inda ya kai zagayen semifinal ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Australian Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz storms past Alex de Minaur and into semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8rm8jg5507o |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal da ya buga da Alexander Zverev, ya lashe saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a saiti na uku da na hudu a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), ya dawo da kaimi domin lashe saiti na karshe. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open kuma wasa na uku mafi tsawo gaba ɗaya a tarihin gasar.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026">{{cite web |date=30 January 2026|title=Alcaraz downs Zverev in Melbourne marathon, reaches maiden Australian Open final|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-australian-open-2026-sf|access-date=30 January 2026|website=atptour.com|publisher=ATPTour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru a Zamanin Buɗewa (Open Era) da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), inda ya karya rikodin da Jim Courier ya kafa a shekarar 1993.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tennis.com|date=30 January 2026|title=Carlos Alcaraz battles into first Australian Open final with marathon win over Zverev|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-battles-into-first-australian-open-final-with-marathon-win-over-alexander-zverev-five-sets-cramping|access-date=30 January 2026|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke Novak Djokovic domin lashe lakabinsa na farko na Australian Open, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala Career Grand Slam a wasan maza marasa abokin tarayya (singles).<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes youngest player to complete Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/carlos-alcaraz-becomes-youngest-player-to-complete-career-grand-slam |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=KhelWire |date=1 February 2026}}</ref>File:Carlos Alcaraz US Open 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Carlos Alcaraz yana motsa jiki a US Open ta 2026Alcaraz ya janye jikinsa daga Rotterdam Open sakamakon gajiya, sannan ya koma gudanar da kakar wasansa a Qatar Open. Ya rasa saiti guda kacal a hannun Karen Khachanov a zagayen quarterfinals, yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz rallies past Karen Khachanov in Doha {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-doha-2026-qf|access-date=2026-02-21|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ya lallasa Arthur Fils a cikin mintuna 50, wasa mafi sauri da ya kammala a rayuwarsa zuwa wannan lokacin, domin samun lakabinsa na biyu na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Qatar Open: Carlos Alcaraz demolishes Arthur Fils in 50 minutes to win title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cx28lxv7gedo |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya koma Indian Wells. Nasararsa a zagayen quarterfinals da Cameron Norrie ita ce nasararsa ta 34 a jere a filin waje mai tauri (outdoor hardcourts) - jerin nasarori na uku mafi tsawo irinsa a Zamanin Buɗewa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Pete Sampras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Peter |date=2026-03-08 |title=The seven biggest outdoor hardcourt winning streaks in ATP history as Carlos Alcaraz joins the list |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/the-seven-biggest-outdoor-hardcourt-winning-streaks-in-atp-history-as-carlos-alcaraz-joins-the-list/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal, Alcaraz ya sake karawa da Daniil Medvedev a matsayin maimaitawar wasannin karshe na 2023 da 2024, inda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniil Medvedev ends Carlos Alcaraz's perfect start to 2026 to reach Indian Wells final {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2026-sf |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A Miami Open, Sebastian Korda ya doke Alcaraz ba tsammani a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya kammala bajinta mai ban takaici a gasannin Sunshine Double.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Miami Open: World number one Carlos Alcaraz suffers surprise defeat to American Sebastian Korda in third round |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cg73g9m21n8o |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe a gasarsa ta farko a filin laka (clay court) na shekarar a Monte Carlo, inda ya yi rashin nasarar wasan da kuma matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a hannun abokin hamayyarsa Jannik Sinner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-12 |title=Monte Carlo Masters: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to return to world top spot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8dl5qge2r8o |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki ya buga wasansa na farko a Barcelona Open, inda aka ba shi hutun likita domin duba gantsar hannunsa (forearm). Bayan wasan ya janye jikinsa daga gasar, sakamakon raunin hannu da ba a bayyana takamaiman irinsa ba wanda daga baya aka gano tenosynovitis ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-15|title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of tournament with wrist injury|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cly0037eg1xo|access-date=2026-04-20|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-20 |title=Carlos Alcaraz confirms U.S. Open return via soccer transfer figure Fabrizio Romano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7527126/2026/08/20/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-comeback-us-open-romano/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ya kuma janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A karshen watan Afirilu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Italian Open da French Open, dukkan gasannin biyu da yake kare kofunansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz to miss Rome & Roland Garros: 'We will come out of it stronger' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-rome-roland-garros-2026-withdrawal |website=ATP Tour |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref> A watan Mayu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Queen's Club Championships da Wimbledon, inda a dukkaninsu shi ne ke kare kofin da kuma wanda ya zo na biyu (runner-up).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Alcaraz withdraws from Wimbledon & Queen's Club |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-queens-club-wimbledon-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=atptour.com}}</ref> Bai shiga Canadian Open ba, kuma ya janye jikinsa daga Cincinnati Open, inda shi ne ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-10 |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Cincinnati Open, with U.S. Open title defense in doubt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7492918/2026/08/04/carlos-alcaraz-out-cincinnati-open/ |access-date=2026-08-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Agusta, Alcaraz ya sanar da cewa zai koma gasar gogayya a US Open, inda shi ma ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: Fabrizio Romano breaks news US Open champion is to make comeback from wrist injury at Flushing Meadows |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/33694/13575157/carlos-alcaraz-fabrizio-romano-breaks-news-us-open-champion-is-to-make-comeback-from-wrist-injury-at-flushing-meadows |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Ya shiga gasar ma'aurata gauraye (mixed doubles) tare da haɗin gwiwa mai muhimmanci da Serena Williams; sun yi rashin nasara a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-25 |title=Williams-Alcaraz fall in US Open mixed quarter-finals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260825-williams-alcaraz-fall-in-us-open-mixed-quarter-finals |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasansa na farko guda ɗaya (singles) a cikin watanni biyar da Roman Safiullin inda ya sami nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa, kodayake saurin sabis ɗinsa ya ragu sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz eases past Roman Safiullin on return at US Open {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-safiullin-us-open-2026-monday |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da sauri ya watsar da rashin sabo sannan ya kai wasan quarterfinals dinsa na biyar na rayuwarsa a US Open, inda ya rasa saiti guda kacal a kanti, a hannun Jaime Faria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2026-09-03 |title=US Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jaime Faria as injury comeback in New York continues |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cqjkdnv729jo |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tsawanta jerin nasarorinsa a manyan gasassaki (majors) zuwa 18, mafi kyau a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes his Grand Slam set vs. Tommy Paul, reaches US Open QFs {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paul-us-open-2026-sunday-r4 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Ben Shelton a quarterfinals a saiti biyar, inda Shelton ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu bayan Matteo Berrettini da ya doke Alcaraz a saiti biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouquette |first=Cédric |date=2026-09-09 |title=Shelton ends Alcaraz’s US Open reign in late-night thriller |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/us-open-news/history-made-past-3am-shelton-ends-alcarazs-us-open-reign-at-the-latest-finish-the-tournament-has-ever-seen-860615.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Gagayya (Rivalries)== === Jannik Sinner === Carlos Alcaraz da Jannik Sinner sun fuskanci juna har sau 17 a gasar ATP Tour, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 10–7.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner/a0e2/s0ag |title=Jannik Sinner VS Carlos Alcaraz {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=6 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |title=Closing Power: Alcaraz Fights off Sinner in Five for First French Open Final |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023057/https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Wasanni masu muhimmanci na farko sun haɗa da zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2022, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti biyar bayan ya kare maki guda na nasara (match point) har ya kai ga lashe lakabin gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=P. A. |date=8 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz prevails over Jannik Sinner in latest ever US Open finish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/08/carlos-alcaraz-prevails-over-jannik-sinner-in-latest-ever-us-open-finish-tennis |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Su biyun sun fuskanci juna sau uku a shekarar 2024, inda Alcaraz ya lashe dukkan wasannin uku, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe mai tsananin gogayya na China Open.<ref name="ChinaOpenSinner" /> Sinner ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a shekarar 2024 adadin da ya yi daidai da rashin nasarar da ya yi a hannun dukkan sauran 'yan wasan tour baki ɗaya. A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasassaki (majors) guda uku a jere. Alcaraz ya lashe wasansu na ƙarshe na farko a babban kofi a French Open, duk da cewa Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a saiti na hudu. Mujallar ''The Guardian'' ta yaba da wasan a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wasannin ƙarshe da aka taba yi a kowane irin wasan motsa jiki."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Daniel |date=8 June 2025 |title=Alcaraz fights back to beat Sinner in all-time classic French Open men's final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/jun/08/french-open-2025-mens-final-jannik-sinner-v-carlos-alcaraz-tennis-live |access-date=8 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun sake saduwa a Wimbledon, inda Sinner ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Alcaraz; sannan a US Open, inda Alcaraz ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Sinner.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025" /> A karo na biyu a jere, sun raba manyan kofunan shekarar biyu-biyu. Sun kuma fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu na ATP Masters 1000 a shekarar 2025, a Italian Open da Cincinnati Open, wanda duka Alcaraz ne ya lashe su;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner on Rome run: 'I am closer than expected' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-rome-2025-final-reaction |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ATPCincinnati2025" /> da kuma wasan ƙarshe na ATP Finals na 2025, inda Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun lakabin gasar Monte-Carlo Masters a karon farko da suka fuskanci juna a shekarar 2026. An bayyana gagayyarsu a matsayin "wata gogayya mai yiwuwa za ta ayyana wani zamani da kanta".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klosok |first1=Aleks |title=Friendly rivals Jannik Sinner and Carlos Alcaraz look set to dominate men's tennis. Is it time to call them the 'Big Two?' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/sport/jannik-sinner-carlos-alcaraz-atp-finals-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en |date=12 November 2024}}</ref> === Alexander Zverev === Carlos Alcaraz da Alexander Zverev sun fuskanci juna har sau goma sha uku, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 7–6.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-alexander-zverev/a0e2/z355 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Alexander Zverev {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=15 March 2026 }}</ref> Sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2021, inda Zverev ya lallasa Alcaraz mai shekaru 17–18 a dukkanin wasannin biyu. Wasan farko mai muhimmanci a tsakaninsu shi ne wasan ƙarshe na Madrid Open a shekarar 2022, inda Alcaraz ya lallasa zakara mai kare kofinsa Zverev a cikin sa'a ɗaya da mintuna hudu.<ref name="BBCMadrid2022" /> Bayan 'yan makonni, sun yi wasansu na farko a babban kofi (major) a zagayen quarterfinals na French Open, inda Zverev ya doke Alcaraz a saiti hudu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2022-05-31 |title=Zverev eases into second French Open semi-final with win against Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/31/zverev-eases-into-second-french-open-semi-final-with-win-against-alcaraz |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun kara gudanar da wasanni masu muhimmanci a zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2023, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe, da kuma quarterfinals na Australian Open ta 2024, wanda Zverev ya lashe. A shekarar 2024 sun fuskanci juna a wasan ƙarshe na French Open, inda Zverev ke neman samun lakabinsa na farko na babban kofi. Zverev ya samu ratar saiti biyu zuwa ɗaya, amma Alcaraz ya jure har ya doke shi a saiti biyar domin samun lakabinsa na farko na French Open.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2024-06-09 |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Alex Zverev in five-set thriller to win French Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/09/carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-alex-zverev-in-five-set-thriller-to-win-french-open |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A wasan semifinals na Australian Open ta 2026, Alcaraz ya samu ratar saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Zverev ya lashe saiti biyu na gaba a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), amma Alcaraz ya dawo da kaimi a tsaye domin lashe saiti na biyar, yana ci gaba zuwa wasansa na ƙarshe na farko a Australian Open. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026" /> === Novak Djokovic === File:2023 Wimbledon Men's singles final (3).jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic bayan wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023 Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic sun fuskanci juna har sau goma; duk da tazarar shekaru 16 a tsakaninsu, gogayyar tasu ta kasance mai cike da harkar gogayya ta daidaito, inda sakamakon fuskantar juna ke kunnen doki a 5–5.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-novak-djokovic/a0e2/d643 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Novak Djokovic {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=16 November 2025 }}</ref> Wasanni tara daga cikin goma da suka buga sun kasance a zagayen semifinals ko finals na "manya" gasassaki: a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), Masters 1000 guda biyu na ATP, ATP Finals da Wasannin Olimpic. Saduwarsu ta farko ita ce a semifinals na Madrid Open ta 2022, inda Alcaraz ya samu nasara a saiti na karshe mai kayyade sakamako (deciding set tiebreaker), inda ya zama mutum guda tilos a tarihi da ya samu nasarori a jere a kan Nadal da Djokovic a filin laka (clay). Duk da gwagwarmayarsu ta neman matsayin lamba 1 na duniya, ba su sake fuskantar juna ba har na tsawon fiye da shekara guda. Daga karshe sun sake fuskantar juna a semifinals na French Open ta 2023, wanda ya kasance wasan da aka zuba idanu a kansa da kafofin labarai suka yi ta yayatawa.<ref name="SiDjokovicSemi" /><ref name="GuardianDjokovicSemi" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapetanakis |first=Arthur |date=8 June 2023 |title=SF Preview: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Novak Djokovic In Clash For The Ages |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094747/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cambers |first=Simon |date=8 June 2023 |title=Alcaraz v Djokovic: Where the match can be won |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602182743/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |url-status=live}}</ref> Djokovic ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yayin da wasan ke cike da gogayya har zuwa lokacin da Alcaraz ya samu tangarda a farkon saiti na uku saboda ciwon tsoka (cramps).<ref name="CrampVsDjokovic" /> Ba da jimawa ba biyu sun sake saduwa domin sake fuskantar juna a wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023, inda Alcaraz ya doke Djokovic wanda ya lashe kofin sau hudu a jere a cikin wasa mai cike da tarihi na saiti biyar wanda ya dauki sa'o'i 4 da mintuna 42.<ref name="NYTimesWimbledon" /> Wata guda bayan haka, sun yi wata gogayyar mai matukar girma a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati Open ta 2023, inda Djokovic ya samu nasara a saiti uku masu matukar matsin lamba bayan ya kare maki guda na nasarar kofin (championship point). A tsawon sa'o'i 3 da mintuna 49, wannan shi ne wasan ƙarshe na ATP Tour mafi tsawo a saiti biyu cikin uku a tarihi, kuma wasa mafi tsawo a tarihin gasar, wanda kuma aka yaba masa nan take a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic outlasts Alcaraz to win instant-classic final in Cincinnati |url=https://www.thescore.com/atp/news/2696096 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=theScore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Malinowski |first=Scoop |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic and Carlos Produce the Highest Level of Tennis Ever Witnessed In Cincy – Tennis-Prose.com |url=https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023607/https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Daga nan sun buga wasan da ba shi da wata babbar gogayya a ATP Finals, inda Djokovic ya lallasa Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=ATP Finals results 2023: Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to set up Jannik Sinner final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/67461418 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a bazaran shekarar 2024, duka a wasannin ƙarshe masu muhimmanci gaske. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, Alcaraz ya sami nasara cikin sauki a saiti babu kakkautawa a kan Djokovic a karawa ta biyu na wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon na shekarar baya. Makonni uku bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Agusta, Djokovic ya doke Alcaraz a wasan ƙarshe na Wasannin Olimpic a filin Court Philippe Chatrier. Ba a karye sabis ɗin ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ba a saiti biyun, inda Djokovic ya lashe zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks) duka guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novak Djokovic defeats Carlos Alcaraz for first Olympic gold medal |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-alcaraz-paris-olympics-2024-gold-medal-match |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Masanin tarihin wasanni Steve Flink ya kira shi "wasa mafi kyau na saiti biyu da na taba gani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=manfred |date=4 August 2024 |title="The Best Two-Set Match I Have Ever Seen" – Steve Flink On Novak Djokovic – Carlos Alcaraz Olympic Final |url=https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=World Tennis Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181305/https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujallar ''Tennis.com'' ta jera wasan a matsayin wasan ATP na shekara na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tignor |first=Steve |date=20 December 2024 |title=TENNIS.com's 2024 ATP Match of the Year: Novak Djokovic conquers Carlos Alcaraz at the Olympics, and finally wins gold |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/2024-tennis-atp-match-of-the-year-novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-olympics-paris |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2025. A saduwarsu ta farko a matakin quarterfinals a Australian Open, Djokovic ya sami nasara a saiti hudu domin ci gaba da kare rikodinsa na rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a filin tauri (hardcourt) da kuma rushe burinsa na samun Career Grand Slam.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025" /> Sun sake saduwa a semifinals na US Open, inda Alcaraz ya ɗauki pansa a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun nasararsa ta farko a kan Djokovic a filin tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025" /> Tikitin shiga kalle wasan sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin US Open.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAM |date=4 September 2025 |title=US Open ticket prices soar to unprecedented level: How much does it cost to watch Carlos Alcaraz vs Novak Djokovic? |url=https://www.marca.com/en/tennis/us-open/2025/09/04/68b9f44146163fdd7c8b4581.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan wasan, Alcaraz da Djokovic sun kammala saduwa a kowace daya daga cikin manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), wani abu da gagayyar Federer–Nadal ba ta taba cimmawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=3 September 2025 |title=Djokovic-Alcaraz rivalry set for Grand Slam milestone that Federer and Nadal failed to achieve |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-achieve-feat-eluded-roger-federer-rafael-nadal |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau ɗaya a shekarar 2026, a wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti hudu domin kawo ƙarshen rikodin cikakkiyar nasara na Djokovic 10–0 a wasannin ƙarshe na Australian Open kuma ya zama mai wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala Career Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alcaraz dents Djokovic's Melbourne final perfection, wins first Australian Open title|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-australian-open-2026-final|website=ATPTour|date=1 February 2026|access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> Musamman ma, Alcaraz (tare da Stan Wawrinka) na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis guda biyu da suke da cikakken rikodin nasara a wasannin ƙarshe na babban kofi (major final) a kan Djokovic. ==Sallon Wasa (Playing style)== Alcaraz ɗan wasan tennis ne mai amfani da [[All-court player|ko ina a fili]], amma da farko yana amfani da salo mai kai hari daga baya (baseline). An san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta rufe fili da ikon samun ƙwallo a matsayin tsaro, sau da yawa yana mai da matsayin tsaro zuwa damar kai hari yayin karawa. Harbinsa na [[forehand]] mai madaidaicin hannu shine harbi mafi ƙarfi: yana iya buga shi a faɗace da sauri don samun maki na nasara (winners) daga kowane matsayi na fili, ko kuma ya ƙara adadin topspin mai yawa da tazara a saman ragar. Yana wasa da [[backhand]] na hannu biyu mai faɗi kuma ƙasa-ƙasa. Saboda harinsa, Alcaraz yawanci yana samar da babban adadin [[Glossary of tennis terms#winner|winners]] da [[Glossary of tennis terms#unforced error|kuskuren da ba a tilasta masa ba (unforced errors)]] daga harbin ƙasa, musamman na forehand ɗinsa. Alcaraz yana da sabis na farko mai ƙarfi dangane da tsawonsa; yawanci tsakanin mile 115 zuwa 120 a sa'a guda (mph) kuma yakan kai mile 135 a sa'a guda, amma ana buga shi da matsakaicin wurin da aka sa gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Alcaraz's Scintillating Serve Toppled Djokovic's Return In The Wimbledon Final &#124; |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818230616/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |archive-date=18 August 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The story behind his new & improved serve |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-serve-feature-wimbledon-2024 |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yawanci yana ƙara topspin ga sabis ɗinsa na biyu domin samar da tsalle mai tsawo na ƙwallo, wanda ke tura abokan karawarsa baya ko kuma tilasta musu maido ƙwallo mai rauni. Wannan sabis yawanci yana kaiwa km/h 150 zuwa 170 (mile 93 zuwa 106 a sa'a guda).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CARLOS ALCARAZ VS. ALEX DE MINAUR &#124; LONDON 2023 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205433/https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Mafi yawancin lokuta saboda rashin ainihin wurin da ake sa gaba, ana bayyana sabis na Alcaraz a matsayin mafi rauni a wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Alcaraz says new serve still a work in progress as he targets Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/alcaraz-says-new-serve-still-a-work-in-progress-as-he-targets-career-grand-slam-803085.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ƙwararre ne wajen maido da sabis (returner), musamman na sabis na farko. A shekarar 2024, ya lashe kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na wasannin sabis na abokan karawarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaderboard &#124; ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/stats/leaderboard?boardType=return&timeFrame=52week&surface=all&versusRank=all&formerNo1=false |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yana da wasan raga mai burge mutane tare da kyakkyawan drop volleys da drive volleys, sannan yakan yi serve-and-volley a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title='Carlos Alcaraz can serve and volley at...', says former ATP ace |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205432/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Harbinsa na boje ƙwallo a kusa da raga ([[drop shot]]) mai cike da baje fasaha shine mabudin wasansa. Nauyin harbin ƙasarsa yana tura abokan karawarsa zuwa bayan fili, wanda hakan ke sa drop shots ɗinsa ke da wuyar kaiwa. An lura da 'yar fifikonsa na amfani da forehand drop shots fiye da backhand a matsayin wani abu da ba a saba gani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Shot Has Carlos Alcaraz Popularised? |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/forehand-drop-shot-success-alcaraz-2023 |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> [[Andy Roddick]] ya bayyana cewa drop shot na Alcaraz shine "mafi kyau a tarihin tennis".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Callum |date=14 July 2024 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz has one shot that is the best in the history of tennis ahead of Wimbledon final |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-has-one-shot-that-is-the-best-in-the-history-of-tennis-ahead-of-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasu 'yan wasa da masu sharhi sun yaba wa Alcaraz a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin karuwar amfani da drop shot a tsakanin dukkanin gasassakin kwararru a 'yan shekarun nan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 May 2025 |title=Drop by drop: Carlos Alcaraz leads shift back to the most deft shot in tennis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/21/drop-shot-tennis-carlos-alcaraz-clay-french-open |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=28 May 2025 |title=Drop shots in tennis go from eccentric to essential, with some help from Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6384608/2025/05/28/tennis-drop-shot-how-why-best-players/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami yabo saboda halayensa na motsa jiki da na jiki. Musamman ma, gudu na kai tsaye, ikon maida hari, da babban saurin ƙafafunsa sun sa ana kwatanta shi da [[Rafael Nadal]]. An kwatanta shi da [[Novak Djokovic]] saboda motsin gefensa mai ƙarfi da rufe fili, wanda tsaga ƙafafu na jiki (splits) da sulbi a cikin fili lokacin tsaro ke taimaka masa, musamman a bangaren backhand. Kamar [[Roger Federer]], taɓawa mai ban mamaki da hari na musamman sun kasance masu muhimmanci ga nasararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rouquette |first1=Cédric |last2=Bourrières |first2=Rémi |last3=Cambers |first3=Simon |date=17 October 2022 |title=From Carlitos to Alcaraz, Episode 3: Attack, defence, power, touch – Alcaraz the pioneer of "total tennis" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidov |first=Liya |date=13 July 2023 |title=TECH Talk: If the Big 3 had a baby, his name would be Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic ya bayyana cewa Alcaraz yana haɗa "mafi kyau daga dukkanin duniyoyi uku" na wasansa, na Federer, da kuma na Nadal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wimbledon: Novak Djokovic praises 'complete' champion Carlos Alcaraz as blend of Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and himself after epic final |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723081913/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025 |work=Sky Sports |language=en-GB |url-status=live}}</ref> Rashin nasarar Alcaraz yana samuwa akai-akai a gajeren wasanni, musamman a tsarin saiti biyu cikin uku (best-of-three). A wani lokaci ana sukarsa saboda rashin daidaiton sakamako, a dukkanin wasanni da lokutan gasar (seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilander's honest diagnosis of Alcaraz's problem: "He is going to be quite inconsistent" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2025/04/01/wilanders-honest-diagnosis-of-alcarazs-problem-he-is-going-to-be-quite-inconsistent |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz da kansa ya yi ikirarin cewa ba ya iya yin wasa mai kyau ba tare da yana jin dadin kansa a fili ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza |first=Alejandro |date=26 April 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the last great virtuoso of tennis |url=https://english.elpais.com/sports/2023-04-26/carlos-alcaraz-the-last-great-virtuoso-of-tennis.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref> Amsar Alcaraz sau da yawa ana yaba mata saboda kirkirar fasaha a fili da kyan gani na wasansa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is the most exciting player in men's tennis and he will only get better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/27/carlos-alcaraz-is-the-best-in-the-world-and-he-is-only-going-to-get-better |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=10 June 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is already remarkable but has plenty of improvement still to come |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/10/tennis-french-open-carlos-alcaraz |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin "mutum mai samar da bidiyoyi masu kayatarwa" (human highlight reel).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Simon |last2=Amako |first2=Uche |date=2 September 2023 |title=Human highlight reel Carlos Alcaraz and Dan Evans entertain fans in thrilling US Open battle |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/09/02/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-dan-evans-live-score-updates-norrie/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=13 January 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, tennis highlight reel, exits ATP Tour Finals knowing how to improve |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5924985/2024/11/15/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-highlights-atp-tour-finals-result/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=1 July 2023 |title='He's a human highlight reel': the star power of tennis player Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/star-power-tennis-player-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya ce, "A fili yake, ina son lashe kowane wasa da nake bugawa, amma a lokaci guda, ina son jin dadi, in gwada abubuwa daban-daban, in sa mutane su ji dadin kallon tennis da kallon wasannina. Wani lokaci ina magana da kaina game da abin da ya fi muhimmanci: ko in yi nasara ko kuma in yi abubuwa masu kyau."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |date=4 September 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's attitude is as transfixing as his tennis |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/09/04/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-style/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> == Masu horarwa da tawaga (Coaches and team) == Masu horar da Alcaraz a lokacin yarinta sune Kiko Navarro da Carlos Santos.<ref name="ChildhoodCoach"/> A watan Satumban 2018, Alcaraz mai shekaru goma sha biyar ya koma [[Villena]] domin fara horo a [[Ferrero Tennis Academy]] a karkashin Jagorancin [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]], wanda ya zama kocin kansa.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Juan Carlos Ferrero será el nuevo coach de Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626171617/https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Equelite JC Ferrero Sport Academy |language=es}}</ref> Ferrero ya ƙi amincewa da buƙatun horarwa da yawa daga manyan 'yan wasa domin kawai ya horar da Alcaraz.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Ferrero enjoying life as coach of rising star Alcaraz |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/ferrero-enjoying-life-as-coach-of-rising-star-alcaraz/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cascales: "La clave es que Alcaraz no pierda la ambición" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/2024/11/14/cascales-clave-alcaraz-no-pierda-ambicion |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=es}}</ref> Haɗin gwiwartu ta sami yabo sosai: Ferrero ya lashe lambar yabo ta [[ATP Awards|ATP Coach of the Year Award]] a shekarar 2022 da 2025. A watan Disamba na 2025, Alcaraz ba tare da tsammani ba ya sanar da cewa shi da Ferrero sun raba jiha bayan shekaru bakwai.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2025 |title=Alcaraz splits with Ferrero, who says 'I wish I could have continued' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-split-december-2025 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=atptour.com |publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, an sanar da cewa [[Samuel López (tennis coach)|Samuel López]], tsohon mamban tawagar horarwa ta Ferrero, zai shiga tawagar Alcaraz domin yin aiki a karkashin Ferrero a matsayin kochi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Alcaraz adds Samuel Lopez to his coaching team |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/alcaraz-adds-samuel-lopez-to-his-coaching-team-798371.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan tashi daga aikin na Ferrero, ya zama babban kocin Alcaraz na lokacin gasar 2026.<ref name="Jurejko" /> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ma'aikata iri ɗaya kusan tun lokacin da ya zo tour. Tawagarsa ta haɗa da mai horar da motsa jiki Alberto Lledó, mai maganin gargajiya/taimakon jiki (physiotherapist) Juanjo Moreno, likita Juanjo López, da kuma wakili Albert Molina. Ɗan uwansa Álvaro yana aiki a matsayin mai taya shi [[hitting partner|horon harbi]] na tsawon lokaci kuma, tun daga 2026, kocin taimakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is how Carlos Alcaraz's team looks ahead to 2025 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/12/13/this-is-how-carlos-alcarazs-team-looks-ahead-to-2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals why brother Alvaro will 'take on more prominence' in his team|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-reveals-brother-will-take-on-more-prominence-as-new-team-role-emerges|website=Tennis365|date=2026-01-23|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Oli Dickson|last=Jefford}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz ya naɗa abokinsa na ƙuruciya Fran Rubio a matsayin ƙarin physiotherapist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=5 February 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz adds close friend and trusted figure to his team |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-adds-close-friend-and-trusted-figure-to-his-coaching-team |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma yana aiki da masanin halayyar dan adam na wasanni Isabel Balaguer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz sees psychologist in bid to beat Novak Djokovic on Centre Court |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/07/15/carlos-alcaraz-psychologist-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Waje da filin wasa (Off the court) == === Yarjejeniyar tallata samfura (Endorsements) === Nike ke ɗaukar nauyin Alcaraz wajen sutura da takalma, sannan Babolat yana ɗaukar nauyinsa wajen raket na wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |title=Brands That Sponsor Carlos Alcaraz |date=8 September 2021 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403192832/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Yana yin wasa da raket din Babolat Pure Aero 98, tare da zare na RPM Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |title='There will never be another Rafa. I am Carlos.' |work=Babolat.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052956/https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin Rolex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |title=Tennis – Rolex Timeless Luxury Watches |work=Rolex.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516181416/https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Now a Rolex Ambassador |date=23 January 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521225311/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, ya fito a cikin yakin tallata tufafin cikin gida na kamfanin kera sutura na Amurka Calvin Klein na shekarar 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bein |first=Kat |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Strips Down For Calvin Klein Underwear Campaign |url=http://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311171114/https://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |magazine=Gotham Magazine}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, ya zama ambassadan alamar Louis Vuitton.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hess |first=Liam |date=28 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is Louis Vuitton's Newest Ambassador |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703164528/https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=Vogue}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ambassada ne na bankin Brazil Itaú Unibanco,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz estrela nova campanha de Itaú Personnalité sobre tênis |url=https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=propmark |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626122423/https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |archive-date=26 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kamfanin kayan kwalliyar fata na kasar Sifaniya Isdin,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the new tennis star |publisher=Isdin.com |date=12 September 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194358/https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> kamfanin abinci na Sifaniya ElPozo,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Brand Ambassador for ELPOZO |work=ElPozo Alimentación – |publisher=Elpozo.com |date=13 June 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232420/https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus BMW a karkashin reshensu na BMW Spain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |title=Carlos Alcaraz talks with the youngest in his official presentation with BMW Spain |newspaper=BMW Group Pressclub |publisher=BMW Group |date= |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194405/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2025, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin abinci na kasa da kasa Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone X Alcaraz |url=https://www.danone.com/newsroom/press-releases/danone-x-alcaraz.html |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=www.danone.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan kuma, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar ruwan kwalba na Faransa Evian, wanda yake karkashin kamfanin Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Evian snaps up Carlos Alcaraz as brand ambassador |url=https://www.marketing-beat.co.uk/2025/06/26/carlos-alcaraz-evian-brand/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2025, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar YoPRO, alamar yogurt mai dauke da sinadarin gina jiki mai yawa wadda ita ma ke karkashin Danone, tare da 'yar uwar alamar Oikos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandelwal |first=Aashay |date=16 July 2025 |title=YoPRO fortifies active lifestyles with Carlos Alcaraz's partnership |url=https://sportsmintmedia.com/yopro-fortifies-active-lifestyles-with-carlos-alcaraz-partnership/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=SportsMint Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oster |first=Danielle |title=Oikos Names Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/408374/oikos-names-tennis-star-carlos-alcaraz-global-bran.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=www.mediapost.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, kamfanin Babolat wanda ya dade yana daukar nauyin Alcaraz ya sanar da fitar da jerin raket da jakunkuna na kasuwanci na "Carlitos Junior" domin matasan 'yan wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Europa |date=2026-02-17 |title=Babolat lanza la primera gama Carlitos junior inspirada en Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.europapress.es/deportes/tenis-00166/noticia-babolat-lanza-primera-gama-carlitos-junior-inspirada-carlos-alcaraz-20260217131949.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.europapress.es}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2026, Alcaraz ya zama ambassada na Sunreef Yachts, kuma ya sayi jirgin ruwa na Ultima 88 catamaran, biyo bayan shawara daga abokin ambassadanci Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-25 |title=Tennis player Carlos Alcaraz buys Sunreef Ultima 88 catamaran |url=https://www.superyachttimes.com/yacht-news/carlos-alcaraz-buys-sunreef-ultima-88-catamaran |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=SYT}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2026, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassada na kamfanin fasaha na kasa da kasa na Indiya Infosys, wanda kuma yake samar da bayanan tennis ga ATP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Infosys |title=7-Time Grand Slam Champion Carlos Alcaraz is Infosys Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/7-time-grand-slam-champion-carlos-alcaraz-is-infosys-global-brand-ambassador-302743087.html |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2026, ya zama ambassada na Ant International, reshen biyan kudi da fasahar kudi (fintech) na kasar Singapore wanda ke karkashin kamfanin Ant Group na kasar Sinar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Ant International Names Tennis World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.financemagnates.com/fintech/ant-international-names-tennis-world-no-1-carlos-alcaraz-global-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=Financial and Business News {{!}} Finance Magnates |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, Forbes ta yi iyakar kimanta cewa Alcaraz shi ne ɗan wasan tennis mai fafatawa mafi samun kudin shiga, ta hanyar hada kudin tallace-tallace da kudaden kyaututtukan nasara, a shekara ta biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Brett |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2024/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2024/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2025">{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Brett |date=22 August 2025 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2025/08/22/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2025/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Sportico ta yi kiyasin cewa Alcaraz shi ne dan wasan motsa jiki na goma a duniya mafi samun kudi daga tallata samfura (ba a tsallake kudaden kyaututtuka ba) a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badenhausen |first=Kurt |date=2026-01-14 |title=Highest-Paid Athletes in the World: Ronaldo Leads Top 100 With $260M |url=https://www.sportico.com/personalities/athletes/2026/worlds-highest-paid-athletes-cristiano-ronaldo-1234880803/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Sportico.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === A cikin kafafen yanar gizo da al'adu da aka sani (In the media and popular culture) === Alcaraz ya bayyana a lokuta biyu na shirin docuseries na Netflix na Break Point,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |title=What happened after Carlos Alcaraz and Holger Rune's Wimbledon clash on 'Break Point' Season 2? |website=[[tennis.com]] |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023609/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |url-status=live}}</ref> kuma ya fafata da Rafael Nadal a The Netflix Slam, wani wasan tennis na kai tsaye da MGM Resorts International ta shirya a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Donelly |first=Matt |date=March 4, 2024 |title=The Netflix Slam Gave Great Live Tennis – And Even Better Streaming Marketing |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304204808/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Alcaraz shine mauduyu na shirin Netflix Carlos Alcaraz: My Way, wanda ya nadar da lokacin wasansa na shekarar 2024 kuma aka fitar da shi a ranar 23 ga Afirilu, 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz Sets Netflix Docuseries, Promises "Everything You Don't See on a Tennis Court" |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=14 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314171436/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin mai kashi uku ya maida hankali ne kan saɓani tsakanin Alcaraz da tawagarsa yayin da yake kokarin daidaita burinsa na kafa tarihi a wasan tennis da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum ta saurayi mai shekaru 21. Ya haɗa da fitowar Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Garbiñe Muguruza, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Björn Borg, da John McEnroe tare da sauran gwanayen wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |date=24 April 2025 |title=What Carlos Alcaraz's 'My Way' Netflix docuseries says about his tennis present and future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6304336/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-my-way-netflix-review-analysis/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2025, Barney Ronay na jaridar The Guardian ya bayyana Alcaraz a matsayin "dan wasa mai ban sha'awa a duniya a halin yanzu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=5 April 2025 |title=Glazed Carlos Alcaraz perfect for the online world but still jarringly human |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/apr/05/glazed-carlos-alcaraz-perfect-for-the-online-world-but-still-jarringly-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An san shi da murmushi mai faɗi da kuma kwarjini a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz looks unbeatable – and has never lost his smile |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/37794353/carlos-alcaraz-looks-unbeatable-never-lost-smile |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The smile, grit & history-making |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-it-all-adds-up |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami kulawar kafafen yanar gizo sosai a waje da filin wasa saboda rayuwarsa ta sirri, musamman tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Ibiza.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=15 June 2025 |title=Buoyant Carlos Alcaraz to continue with his mid-season party breaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/15/carlos-alcaraz-french-open-ibiza-queens-club-tennis |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 June 2025 |title=A year after angering his boss with a session in Ibiza, Carlos Alcaraz is at it again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2025/06/15/carlos-alcaraz-ibiza-party-celebrate-french-open-win/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Zabubbukan askin gashinsa na Alcaraz, musamman askinsa na ras (buzz cut) da bai tsara ba a gasar US Open ta 2025 da kuma fenti rawaya da ya sa wa gashinsa daga baya, sun dauki hankalin kafofin yada labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-26 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's shaved head makes its US Open debut in his first-round win |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-open-2025-carlos-alcaraz-haircut-f051897769c252a05629f2d020572d89 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-24 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Debuts His Boldest Haircut Yet at Rolex Paris Masters |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/serve/style/carlos-alcaraz-debuts-his-boldest-haircut-yet-at-rolex-paris-masters |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Serve On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da yin zanen jiki (tattoo) domin tunawa da nasarorin gasar Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Australian Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz plans kangaroo tattoo, Novak Djokovic wins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cj65576e66ko |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Jaridar The New York Times ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mutane mafi gayu" na shekarar 2025, kuma GQ ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis maza mafi gayu a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Styles Desk |date=2025-12-07 |title=The 67 Most Stylish People of 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/07/style/best-dressed-people-2025.html |access-date=2025-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Remsen |first=Nick |date=2026-08-20 |title=The 18 Most Stylish Men’s Tennis Players of All Time |url=https://www.gq.com/story/most-stylish-male-tennis-players-ever |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar US Open ta 2026, Nike ta kaddamar da tarin tufafin wasa na Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Performance Collection tare da hadin gwiwar Alcaraz da Travis Scott, wanda Alcaraz ya sanya a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Buy: Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Nike Performance Collection |url=https://houseofheat.co/nike/travis-scott-x-nike-zoom-vapor-12-hc-jj2180-100 |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=House of Heat° |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an samu muhawara a kafofin yada labarai lokacin da Alcaraz ya fasa raket dinsa a bainar jama'a a karon farko a lokacin wasa a Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Alcaraz sorry for overreaction, destroying racket |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/40895640/carlos-alcaraz-apologizes-smashing-racket-tough-loss |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya gabatar da hakuri a bainar jama'a.<ref name="RacquetSmash" /> Alcaraz kuma an san shi da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da kafofin yada labarai. Bayan rashin nasararsa a gasar US Open ta 2024, ya bayyana cewa, "Na dauki matakai baya, kamar ban komai da kyau a bangaren lafiyar kwakwalwa, ba ni da karfi. Ban san yadda zan sarrafa kaina ba yayin da nake fuskantar matsaloli kuma ban san yadda zan bi da shi ba."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: 'I feel like I've gone backwards mentally' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-us-open-2024-r2-reaction-spanish |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Biyo bayan rashin nasara a Indian Wells a shekarar 2025, ya amince cewa ya ji "rashin natsuwa a duk tsawon ranar", kuma bayan nasara a Monte Carlo bayan wata daya, ya ce ya kasance yana "fuskantar matsaloli wajen shiga filin wasa" har ma ya yi tunanin daukar dogon hutu daga wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nervous Carlos Alcaraz: I worried more about Draper than my own game |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2025-semifinal-reaction |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Montegan |first=Christian |date=14 April 2025 |title='I was struggling': Alcaraz wins Monte Carlo after 'tough month', sends mental health reminder |url=https://www.thefirstserve.com.au/post/i-was-struggling-alcaraz-wins-monte-carlo-tough-month-sends-reminder-that-players-are-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The First Serve |language=en}}</ref> Masu sharhi daban-daban, ciki har da Andy Roddick, Boris Becker, da Andrea Petkovic, sun jaddada irin gaskiyarsa ta musamman game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=Liam |date=23 April 2025 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz is currently doing something which no tennis player before him ever has |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-is-currently-doing-something-which-no-tennis-player-before-him-ever-has/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Ethan |date=19 March 2025 |title=Roddick Questions Alcaraz's Openness About Mental Insecurity Following Indian Wells Loss |url=https://motorcyclesports.net/roddick-questions-alcarazs-openness-about-mental-insecurity-following-indian-wells-loss/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=M Sports |language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Ewan |date=25 April 2025 |title=Boris Becker warns Carlos Alcaraz's team they are 'demanding too much' of him |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/boris-becker-warning-carlos-alcaraz-mental-health-advice |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An saka Alcaraz a cikin jerin sunaye na Time 100 Next a shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next: Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2022/6213921/carlos-alcaraz/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunaye na ''50 Names in the Boardroom''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=The List: 50 Names In The Boardroom |url=https://boardroom.tv/2025-the-list-cover-story/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Boardroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ayyukan jin ƙai === A watan Afrilun 2024, Alcaraz ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da gidauniyar Carlos Alcaraz Garfia Foundation, da nufin inganta rayuwar yara marasa galihu. Gidauniyar tana da hedkwatarta a El Palmar kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da makarantun yankin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |title=Alcaraz launches foundation to support children in need |date=26 April 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090834/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |language=spanish |title=Fundación Alcaraz |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090836/https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Gidauniyar Alcaraz ta samar da motocin bas don sufurin masu aikin sa-kai bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta gaggawa a Valencia a shekara ta 2024, inda a lokacin guda Alcaraz da Juan Carlos Ferrero suka gudanar da gwanjon sadaka domin tara kuɗaɗe ga waɗanda lamarin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=6 November 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz and coach Ferrero help Valencians hit by dramatic flood |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/149583/carlos-alcaraz-and-coach-ferrero-help-valencians-hit-by-dramatic-flood/ |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2024, Alcaraz ya ƙaddamar da baje koli na gidauniyarsa mai taken "Los Pies en la Tierra" a Murcia, yana mai fito da muhimmancin ba da daidaiton damammaki ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Carlos Alcaraz Foundation inaugurates its Los Pies en la Tierra exhibition |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-foundation-exhibition-inauguration |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Baje kolin ya zagaya zuwa sauran yankunan ƙasar Sifaniya, gami da Madrid da Seville, a shekarun 2025 da 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los tesoros de Alcaraz darán el salto de Murcia a toda España |url=https://castellonplaza.com/castellonplaza/deportes4966/los-tesoros-de-alcaraz-daran-el-salto-de-murcia-a-toda-espana |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Castellón Plaza |language=es}}</ref> === Sa hannu a sauran wasanni === Alcaraz masoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke goyon bayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sifaniya ta Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Madrid Stars Support Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-real-madrid-vini-rodrygo-madrid-2023 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2026, ya gabatar da kofin duniya na FIFA a madadin Louis Vuitton kafin wasan ƙarshe na tsakanin Sifaniya da Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waller |first=Thomas |date=2026-07-20 |title=Louis Vuitton Sets the Stage for Spain’s World Cup Victory |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/louis-vuitton-trophy-trunk-spains-world-cup-2026-victory-1239076049/ |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi sosai wajen nuna goyon baya na fili ga sauran 'yan wasan Sifaniya da dama, ciki har da matuƙin motar Formula One Fernando Alonso da kuma ɗan wasan MMA ɗan asalin Jojiya da Sifaniya Ilia Topuria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz's Passion For F1: 'What Fernando Alonso Is Doing Is Crazy!' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-formula-one-miami-2023-feature |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz meets Ilia Topuria in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2024-ilia-topuria-meeting |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma gwanin taka leda ne a wasannin golf da na ciki (chess). A shekara ta 2023, dandalin Chess.com ya ƙira wani na'urar robot (bot) na Carlos Alcaraz wanda kowane mai amfani da dandalin zai iya ƙalubalanta a shafin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz The Chess Player |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-chess-feature-november-2023 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Timelines na sakamakon gasar Grand Slam === {{Performance key|short=yes}} ''Zuwa gasar [[2026 US Open – Men's singles|2026 US Open]].'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!SR!!W–L!!Rabon Nasara % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Australian Open |A |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=eaecf0|1 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|18–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=18|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|French Open |style=background:#ecf2ff|Q1 |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|25–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=25|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Wimbledon |style=color:#767676|NH |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |style=background:thistle|F |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|24–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=24|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|US Open |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 6 |bgcolor=eaecf0|28–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=28|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" |style=textalign:left|Nasara–Kaye |0–0 |8–4 |16–3 |17–2 |19–2 |24–2 |11–1 |7 / 21 |95–14 |{{tennis win percentage|won=95|lost=14|integer=yes}} |} === Wasan karshe na gasar Grand Slam === ==== Guda daya: 8 (7 kofuna, 1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="sortable wikitable nowrap" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !class=unsortable|Maki |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2022 |style=background:#ccf|US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|NOR}} Casper Ruud |6–4, 2–6, 7–6^(7–1), 6–3 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2023 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |1–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–1, 3–6, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open |Clay |{{flagicon|GER}} Alexander Zverev |6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–2, 6–2, 7–6^(7–4) |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |{{nowrap|4–6, 6–7^(4–7), 6–4, 7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(10–2)}} |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 4–6 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ccf|US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |2–6, 6–2, 6–3, 7–5 |} === Timeline din samun nasara a ATP Finals === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:96%;" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!width=35| SR !! width=35| W–L !!width=35|Rabon Nasara % |- |style="background:#efefef;" align=left|ATP Finals |colspan=2 style=color:#767676|DNQ |A{{Efn|Ya samu nasarar shiga amma bai sa mu damar bugawa ba saboda rauni}} |style=background:yellow|SF |style=background:#afeeee|RR |style=background:thistle|F | |bgcolor=efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=efefef|7–5 |bgcolor=efefef|{{tennis win percentage|won=7|lost=5|integer=yes}} |} === ATP Finals === ==== Guda daya: 1 (1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Sakamako ! Shekara ! Gasar ! Sama ! Abokin karawa ! class="unsortable" | Maki |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#ffffcc|ATP Finals |Hard (i) |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |} === Gasar Wasannin Olimpic na Bazara === ==== Guda daya: 1 (Lambar azurfa) ==== {|class="wikitable" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !width=140 class="unsortable"| Maki |- |bgcolor=FFA07A |Kaye |2024 |style=background:#ffea5c|Paris Olympics |Clay |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–7^(3–7), 6–7^(2–7) |} == Tarihi da Rahotanni == === Tarihin duk lokaci === {| class="wikitable" !Lamari !Tun daga !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- | rowspan="2" |'''Grand Slam tournaments''' | rowspan="2" |1877 |Samun nasarar manyan kofuna biyu bayan ceto maki 1+ na match points |Rod Laver <br />Novak Djokovic |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |} === Tarihin zamanin Open Era === * Waɗannan rahotannin an same su ne a zamanin Open Era na wasan tennis da kuma cikin gasar ATP Masters 1000 tun daga shekara ta 1990. * Tarihin da ke da rubutu na '''baki mai kauri''' yana nuna nasarorin da babu wanda ya taba samun irinsu. {| class="wikitable" !Tsawon lokaci !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- |2021 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai matakin quarterfinal a US Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2021|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="5" |2022 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar ATP 500 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|2|21}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Miami Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|4|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Wins First ATP Masters 1000 Title In Miami |work=ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404162129/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Madrid Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|5|8}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest player to win the Madrid Open title |url=https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110826/https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya zama ATP world No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|9|12}}<ref name="ATPWorldNo1" /> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala shekara a matsayin ATP No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|11|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="1" |2023 |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a gasar mafi kyawun saiti uku (awanni 3, mintuna 49) |Novak Djokovic |- |rowspan="4" |2024 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofunan guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|6|9}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Joyce |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is the Youngest Man To Win Grand Slam Titles on All Three Surfaces Following French Open Win |url=https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Hype Beast |date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610110339/https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |url-status=live}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar Channel Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|7|14}} <br /> ''Lasa gasar French Open da Wimbledon a shekara guda'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe na naɗin lambar yabo a gasar Olympic – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|8|2}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="8" |2025 |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida (indoor), da na waje (outdoor hard court) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe kofunan ATP guda ɗaya a filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida, da na waje – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|2|9}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ceto maki 3+ na neman nasara (championship points) domin lashe manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ya samu nasara a manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) daga rashin nasara a saiti biyu na farko |Björn Borg<br />Ivan Lendl<br />Andre Agassi<br />Gastón Gaudio<br />Dominic Thiem<br />Novak Djokovic<br />Rafael Nadal<br />Jannik Sinner |- |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a French Open da aka taɓa yi (awanni 5, mintuna 29) |Jannik Sinner |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe dukkan Big American Titles – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|8|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-breaks-pete-sampras-31-year-old-world-record-article-152485225 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Creates History; Breaks Pete Sampras' 31-Year-Old World Record |website=Times Now |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=5 September 2025}}</ref> <br /> ''Lashe US Open, Indian Wells, Miami Open, da Cincinnati Open a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau uku a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala double career Surface Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|7}} <br /> ''Lashe kofuna masu yawa akan dukkan samfurin filaye a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="4" |2026 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasannin kofuna (major tournament) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau 4 a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofuna bakwai guda ɗaya – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major milestone: Alcaraz completes Slam set with AO 2026 title {{!}} AO|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/major-milestone-alcaraz-completes-slam-set-ao-2026-title|website=ausopen.com|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Alcaraz ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa kamar haka: '''Kyaututtukan ƙwararru''' *ATP Newcomer of the Year – 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz On Winning Newcomer Of The Year: 'I'm So Happy' {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-newcomer-of-the-year-2020 |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe ATP Player of the Year – 2022, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz headlines 2025 ATP Awards; Jannik Sinner, Valentin Vacherot among winners |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/atp-awards-2025-all-winners |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Most Improved Player – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Named Most Improved Player Of The Year In 2022 ATP Awards {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-awards-2022-most-improved-player-of-the-year |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award – 2023, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=9 December 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins prestigious ATP award for second time |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-picks-up-prestigious-award-stefan-edberg |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Hot Shot of the Year – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins 2025 Hot Shot of the Year |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-best-of-2025-hot-shot |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ITWA Player Ambassador Award – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Clay |date=26 August 2025 |title=Van Tuinen and Varela Nahmías received awards at the ITWA 2025 Gala in New York, which also honoured Alcaraz and Gauff |url=https://www.claytenis.com/cov/itwa-gala-new-york-van-tuinen-varela-nahmias-alcaraz-gauff/ |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=CLAY |language=en}}</ref> '''Kyaututtukan kafofin sada zumunta da watsa labarai''' *Best Tennis Player ESPY Award – 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2026 |title=ESPYs 2026 Winners: See the Complete List |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1433939/espys-2026-winners-see-the-complete-list-live-updates |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=E! Online}}</ref> *Sau 3 ya lashe Sports Press Association na yankin Murcia — Zakaran ɗan wasa na shekara – 2021,{{efn|Ya raba kyautar da Pedro Acosta.}} 2024, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Acosta and tennis star Alcaraz share top athlete award |url=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/180601 |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The Official Home of MotoGP |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Talking about 2024 is complicated for me: ups and downs, hard moments of injuries and doubts" |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/tennis/2171213-carlos-alcaraz-talking-about-2024-is-complicated-for-me-ups-and-downs-hard-moments-of-injuries-and-doubts |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=28 November 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz named region's best athlete for 2025 – Murcia's finest |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/161784/carlos-alcaraz-named-region-s-best-athlete-for-2025-murcia-s-finest/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> *Spanish Sportsman of the Year – 2022{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Breakthrough of the Year – 2023{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Sportsman of the Year – 2026<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-laureus-world-sportsman-of-the-year-2026 |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> '''Girmamawa''' *Lambar Yabo ta Zinare ta Yankin Murcia (''Medalla d'Or de la Región de Murcia'') – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Hot Shots: Rafael Nadal and Carlos Alcaraz celebrate in Spain |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-06-10/hot_shots_rafael_nadal_and_carlos_alcaraz_celebrate_in_spain.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=US Open}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Time'' 100 Next (Phenoms) – 2022<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next |url=https://time.com/collections/time100-next-2022/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Time}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Forbes'' 30 Under 30 (Turai - Wasanni da Wasannin Motsa Jiki) – 2023<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 March 2023 |title=30 Under 30 Europe 2023 - Sports & Games |url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2023/europe/sports-games |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> *Kyautar Sarki Felipe (''Premio Rey Felipe'') – 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title= Alcaraz receives King Felipe Award |url= https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-king-felipe-award-april-2024 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> *Jerin ''Forbes'' na 'yan wasan tennis 10 mafi samun kudin shiga a duniya – 2025 (#1)<ref name="Forbes2025" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dywh5j417osb3dmbs4i49olnsae4bhy 966801 966800 2026-10-12T12:14:19Z Nura Bello 24854 966801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carlos Alcaraz Garfia''' {{Efn|{{IPA|es|ˈkaɾlos alkaˈɾaθ ˈɣaɾfja|lang}};<ref>{{cite web |title=The pronunciation by Carlos Alcaraz himself |url=https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |work=ATPWorldTour.com |access-date=19 July 2023 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412223748/https://www.atptour.com/-/media/player-names/carlos-alcaraz-player-name-2021.mp3 |url-status=live}} </ref>}} (an haife shi ne a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[tennis]] ne ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. An sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a duniya a gasar maza marasa aure ta ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan wasan Tennis (ATP) tsawon makonni 66, kuma ya kammala a matsayin na 1 a ƙarshen shekara ta 2022 da [[Tafiya ta ATP ta 2025|2025]] . Alcaraz ya lashe kofuna 26 na matakin ATP Tour, ciki har da manyan gasa bakwai da kuma kofuna takwas na ATP Masters 1000 . Shi ne mutum na tara kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a cikin 'yan wasa marasa aure. Alcaraz, wanda matashi ne, ya lashe gasar karshe ta Next Gen ATP kuma ya lashe kyautar sabon shiga na ATP na shekarar 2020. A shekarar 2022, Alcaraz ya lashe babban kambunsa na farko a gasar US Open . Ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta a Zamanin Buɗewa da aka sanya shi a matsayin na 1 a duniya, a 19 shekaru, 130 kwanaki da suka wuce, kuma sun kammala shekarar a matsayin mafi ƙarancin shekaru a ƙarshen shekara a tarihin ATP . Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Wimbledon a shekarar 2023, inda ya doke zakaran gasar [[Novak Djokovic]] sau bakwai a wasan karshe . A shekarar 2024, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar French Open ta farko kuma ya kare kambunsa a Wimbledon, inda ya zama matashin da ya lashe gasar " Channel Slam ". A shekarar 2025, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan karshe na tarihi don lashe gasar French Open, da kuma gasar US Open, sannan ya kare a matsayin lamba 1 a duniya a karo na biyu. A shekarar 2026, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Grand Slam ta bakwai a gasar Australian Open, kuma ya zama matashin da ya kammala gasar Grand Slam a shekarar. 22 shekaru, 272 kwanaki da suka wuce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes Career Grand Slam &#124; ATP Tour &#124; Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2026-career-grand-slam |access-date=6 July 2026 |website=Atptour.com}}</ref> An san shi da salon wasansa na faɗa da kuma nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri. == Farko da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Carlos Alcaraz Garfia ne a ranar 5 ga watan Mayu 2003, a El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, ga iyaye Carlos Alcaraz González da Virginia Garfia Escandón. Alcaraz yana da babban ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Álvaro, da ƙannensa biyu, Sergio da Jaime. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz's Family: All About the Tennis Champion's Parents and Siblings |url=https://people.com/all-about-carlos-alcaraz-family-parents-siblings-7814256 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara buga wasan tennis yana da shekaru huɗu a Real Sociedad Club de Campo de Murcia, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance kocin wasan tennis kuma mai kula da kulob. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar tallace-tallace a IKEA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Se Destapa En Vogue |url=http://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.atptour.com/es/news/alcaraz-vogue-february-2023 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifin Alcaraz ya taɓa buga wasan tennis amma ya daina neman sana'arsa ta ƙwararru tun yana matashi, domin ba zai iya biyan kuɗin sa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moya |first=Francisco J. |date=6 April 2022 |title=El abuelo de Carlos Alcaraz, de la receta de las tres 'C' a la "alegría, el orgullo y el alivio" |url=https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021526/https://www.laverdad.es/carlos-alcaraz/abuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html?ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html%3Fref%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.laverdad.es%2Fcarlos-alcaraz%2Fabuelo-carlos-alcaraz-20220406002423-ntvo.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=La Verdad |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Mi padre tenía muchas raquetas y el club estaba al lado de casa" |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.lavanguardia.com/deportes/tenis/20210418/6770759/carlos-alcaraz-godo-rafael-nadal-equelite-villena.amp.html |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=www.lavanguardia.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko da Babolat . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=28 October 2025 |title=Who are Carlos Alcaraz's big sponsors? Massive Nike deal and stripping to his underwear for Calvin Klein |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-features/carlos-alcarazs-sponsors-20m-nike-deal-chief-progress-officer |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya kalli yadda yake fafatawa yana da shekaru 11, wakilin IMG Albert Molina ya gane Carlos a matsayin fitaccen mai baiwa kuma ya nemi shawo kan iyayensa su yi aiki tare da shi; mahaifinsa ya amince a ƙarshe lokacin da Carlos yake da shekaru 12. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Signed At 12, Carlos Alcaraz Investment Now Paying Rich Dividends {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/how-carlos-alcaraz-has-built-a-winning-team |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2025 |title=Who Sits in Carlos Alcaraz's Player's Box? |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/articles/sits-carlos-alcarazs-players-box-130000828.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Yahoo Life |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title="Carlos and I are almost the same person, we think the same way" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/exclusive-interview-with-alcaraz-coach-juan-carlos-ferrero-carlos-and-i-are-almost-the-same-person-we-think-the-same-way-670345.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz yakan kasance tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwansa Álvaro, wanda ke aiki a matsayin abokin wasansa na bugun ƙwallo kuma mataimakin kocinsa. A lokacin hutun kakar wasa ta tennis, yana zaune a gidan iyayensa da ke Murcia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz is already training on the clay in Murcia with his sights set on Paris 2024 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/07/18/alcaraz-is-already-training-on-the-clay-in-murcia-with-his-sights-set-on-paris-2024 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Abokansa da iyalansa suna kiransa "Carlitos" ko "Charly". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=1 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals the nickname has given himself |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-nickname-carlitos-interview-press-conference |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Shi [[Cocin katolika|ɗan Katolika]] ne, kuma ya sami albarka daga firistoci kafin manyan gasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz makes time for blessing amid US Open pressure |url=https://aleteia.org/2025/08/25/heres-the-catholic-way-carlos-alcaraz-prepares-for-us-open/ |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Macken: The athletic side of the newest saints |url=https://bccatholic.ca/voices/pat-macken-bccath/macken-the-athletic-side-of-the-newest-saints |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=The B.C. Catholic |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin ƙarami == A lokacin yana da shekaru 10, Alcaraz ya fafata a wajen Spain a karon farko a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 10 a Croatia, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz – the Birth of One Boy's Dreams, the Death of One Man's Hopes {{!}} InsideTennis.com |url=https://www.insidetennis.com/2023/06/carlos-alcaraz-the-birth-of-one-boys-dreams-the-death-of-one-mans-hopes/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> inda ya sha kashi a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2022 |title=The 'brutal charisma' and staggering game of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/33944927/heir-apparent-carlos-alcaraz-ready-complete-tennis-takeover-2022-french-open |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya zama memba na hukuma a ƙungiyar Babolat, daga baya ya shiga jerin sunayen 'yan wasan da suka fi shahara a duniya tun yana ɗan shekara 13. A shekarar 2015, Alcaraz ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 12 ta Rafa Nadal Tour Masters, kuma a shekara mai zuwa ta lashe gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 14. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Richardson |first=James |date=1 August 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's little brother notches a win on Rafa Nadal Tour |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcarazs-little-brother-jaime-notches-win-rafa-nadal-tour |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, Alcaraz ta ji daɗin kakar wasa mai ban mamaki a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14. Ya lashe XIV Taça Internacional Maia Jovem, ya doke Daniel Rincón a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz and Radulova reign on clay in Maia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=%2Fnews%2F111601%2FAlcaraz-and-Radulova-reign-on-clay-in-Maia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya kama Babolat Cup. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U12 Babolat Cup International Masters Finals – Roberta Gaskell Crowned Champion – Yorkshire Tennis |url=https://www.yorkshiretennis.org.uk/u12-babolat-cup-international-masters-finals-roberta-gaskell-crowned-champion/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wannan bazarar, ya taimaka wa Spain lashe Kofin bazara na Turai na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=10 July 2017 |title=Spain and Ukraine win 14&U European Summer Cups |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/45284/spain-and-ukraine-win-14ampu-european-summer-cups/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar Sipaniya da ta zo ta biyu zuwa Switzerland a Gasar Cin Kofin Matasa na Duniya ta ITF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's younger brother is now set to follow in his footsteps this year |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcarazs-younger-brother-is-now-set-to-follow-in-his-footsteps-this-year/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da haɓɓakarsa a shekarar 2018. A watan Yuli, ya lashe gasar Dutch Junior Open, inda ya doke Filip Kolasinski a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TC Bakkum Dutch Junior Open 2018 |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/tc-bakkum-dutch-junior-open-2018/ned/2018/j-g2-ned-01a-2018/draws-and-results/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma makonni bayan haka ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 16 ta hanyar doke Elmer Møller . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz & Bartone victorious at European 16&U Championships |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/121329/Alcaraz-Bartone-victorious-at-European-16U-Championships |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar a gasar cin kofin Junior Davis da aka yi a Budapest, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar cin kofin Spain, inda ya ceci maki a wasa yayin da yake bin Harold Mayot a wasanni daya-daya kafin ya dawo ya lashe wasan da ya fi daukar hankali bayan Faransa ta fara jagoranci. <ref name="ChildhoodCoach">{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 May 2023 |title='This boy was born to be No 1': the making of Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601065251/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/may/26/born-to-be-no-1-tennis-the-making-of-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moran |first=Tom |date=30 September 2018 |title=SPAIN WINS 2018 JUNIOR DAVIS CUP AFTER COMEBACK VICTORY |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/spain-wins-junior-davis-cup-after-comeback-victory/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2019, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar J300 Villena, inda ya doke Illya Beloborodko a wasan karshe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena \ Trofeo Juan Carlos Ferrero (Villena), J300 Boys, 2019-03-26 Tennis Results |url=https://www.coretennis.net/majic/pageServer/0r0100000c/en/tid/73829/Tournament-Rounds.html |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.coretennis.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=J300 Villena |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/j300-villena/esp/2025/j-j300-esp-2025-001/champions/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> kuma an sanya shi a matsayi na 1 a gasar Tennis Europe Junior Tour a shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From European Junior Champion to record breaker: Carlos Alcaraz Garfia |url=https://www.tenniseurope.org/cookies/?returnurl=/news/127560/From-European-Junior-Champion-to-record-breaker-Carlos-Alcaraz-Garfia |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tenniseurope.org}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ƙarami, ya samu matsayi mafi girma a duniya a fannin aiki na lamba 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia 2025: biography, Career, Net Worth, earnings and titles |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis-player/1348/carlos-alcaraz-garfia/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=www.tennisworldusa.org}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwararru == === 2018–2020: Farawar farko ta ƙwararren ɗan wasa === A watan Fabrairun 2018, yana da shekaru 14, Alcaraz ya buga wasan tennis na farko na ƙwararru a matsayin wanda zai fafata a gasar Spain F5 ITF Futures da ke Murcia. Ya fitar da Federico Gaio, ɗan wasa na biyu kuma ɗan wasa na duniya mai lamba 292 a zagayen farko, kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata. Ya tattara maki biyu na farko na ATP daga wannan gasa, kuma ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa na duniya na 1414 a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: How Covid has kept a lid on this mercurial talent |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-how-covid-has-kept-a-lid-on-this-mercurial-talent/ |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=tennishead.net |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2019, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 15, ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar Challenger wasa a JC Ferrero Challenger da ke Villena. Ya yi nasara a zagayen farko da wani matashi mai suna [[Jannik Sinner]] mai shekaru 17, wanda ya yi nasara a wasanni goma sha shida a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Challenger TV: Watch Carlos Alcaraz & Jannik Sinner's first meeting ahead of French Open clash |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/watch-alcaraz-sinner-first-meeting-alicante-2019#:~:text=A%2015-year-old%20Alcaraz,one%20hour%20and%2050%20minutes. |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasan Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=3 April 2024 |title=Five Years of Fire: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Jannik Sinner's First Encounter |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/143738/five-years-of-fire-carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner-s-first-encounter/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu da Lukáš Rosol, ɗan wasa na takwas. Mako guda bayan haka a gasar Murcia Open, ya doke Pedro Martínez na biyar a matsayi na biyar kuma na duniya mai lamba 140 a zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Addicott |first=Adam |date=10 April 2019 |title=Emulating Nadal, 15-year-old Carlos Alcaraz Stuns Top 150 Player On Challenger Tour |url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2019/04/emulating-nadal-15-year-old-carlos-alcaraz-stuns-top-150-player-challenger-tour/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=UBITENNIS |language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da lashe kofuna hudu na Challenger, uku daga cikinsu kafin ya kai shekara 18. Shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya kai wasan cin kofin Challenger. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Challenger Trieste: 17-year-old Alcaraz wins first title |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/atp-challenger-trieste-17-year-old-alcaraz-wins-first-title |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020, yana da shekaru 16, Alcaraz ya fara buga babban wasansa na ATP a Rio Open bayan ya sami katin gargadi na babban wasan guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=Carlos Alcaraz grabs 2020 Rio Open wild card for an ATP debut |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215222514/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/81432/carlos-alcaraz-grabs-2020-rio-open-wild-card-for-an-atp-debut/ |archive-date=15 February 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020 |website=Tennis World USA}}</ref> Ya doke Albert Ramos Viñolas, ɗan wasa na duniya na 41, a tseren marathon mai tsawon sa'o'i uku da mintuna 37. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz, 16, Wins ATP Tour Debut In Rio |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/garin-andujar-alcaraz-rio-2020-monday |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe gasar ATP Tour, kuma ya cimma wannan nasarar kafin a haifi kowa a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=18 February 2020 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Garfia, the first player born in 2003 to win an ATP Tour match! |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/videos/ATP_Tennis/84227/carlos-alcaraz-garfia-the-first-player-born-in-2003-to-win-an-atp-tour-match/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=16 April 2025 |title=Diego Dedura-Palomero celebrates wildly after emulating Sinner, Alcaraz, Fonseca |url=https://www.tennis365.com/atp-tour/first-player-born-each-year-win-atp-match-featuring-carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-diego-dedura-palomero |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An kayar da shi a zagaye na biyu ta hannun Federico Coria . A watan Satumba na 2020, Alcaraz yana da shekaru 17, ya buga zagaye na farko na cancantar shiga gasar French Open da aka dage. Ya riƙe maki biyu a wasanni don kayar da Aleksandar Vukic a jere, amma ya ƙare da rashin nasara a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vukic saves two match points in Roland Garros win |url=https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121112837/https://www.tennis.com.au/news/2020/09/22/vukic-saves-two-match-points-in-roland-garros-win |archive-date=21 January 2025 |access-date=10 July 2025 |website=Tennis Australia |language=en-AU}}</ref> === 2021: Gasar ATP ta farko, Zakaran Next Gen === Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a babban wasan da aka buga a gasar Australian Open ta 2021 . Shi ne mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya cancanci shiga gasar tun bayan [[Novak Djokovic]] a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":023">{{Cite web |title=Parallels with Rafa mean no escape for Alcaraz |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/features/parallels-rafa-mean-no-escape-alcaraz |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ausopen.com |language=en}}</ref> Yayin da aka dage babban jadawalin wasannin saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Alcaraz ya buga gasar Great Ocean Road Open a farkon watan Fabrairu, inda Thiago Monteiro ya kayar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thiago Monteiro vs. Carlos Alcaraz Melbourne 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/8998/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A wasansa na farko da aka yi canjaras a gasar Australian Open, Alcaraz ya doke Botic van de Zandschulp a jere. Shi ne kaɗai matashi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da suka wuce zagaye na farko, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarar 2003 da ya lashe wasa a babban wasa. <ref name=":023" /> A zagaye na biyu, Mikael Ymer ya kayar da Alcaraz. [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2021]] Alcaraz ya buga gasannin Challenger da ATP Tour a duk lokacin bazara, ciki har da Gran Canaria Challenger II da Open Occitanie . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marco Trungelliti vs. Carlos Alcaraz Gran Canaria 2021 Round of 16 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9458/ms008 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallon Griekspoor vs. Carlos Alcaraz Montpellier 2021 1st Round Qualifying &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/375/qs013 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya samu kyaututtuka a gasar Mexican Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun zakaran da ya lashe Alexander Zverev a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Zverev vs. Carlos Alcaraz Acapulco 2021 Round of 32 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/807/ms031 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> a gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Frances Tiafoe a zagaye na farko; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frances Tiafoe vs. Carlos Alcaraz Barcelona 2021 Round of 64 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/425/ms041 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> da kuma a gasar Andalucía Open, inda ya doke Nikola Milojevic, Feliciano Lopez, da kuma Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na uku a gasar ATP, inda ya shiga gasar ATP mafi zurfi a rayuwarsa. Ya sha kashi a hannun ɗan ƙasarsa Jaume Munar a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaume Munar vs. Carlos Alcaraz Marbella 2021 Semi-Finals &#124; Estadísticas de Partido |url=https://www.atptour.com/es/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/9462/ms003 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=es}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami nasara a gasar Miami Open, inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na farko a hannun Emil Ruusuvuori . Wannan shine farkon bayyanarsa a gasar ATP Masters 1000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emil Ruusuvuori vs. Carlos Alcaraz Miami 2021 Round of 128 &#124; Match Stats |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/match-stats/archive/2021/403/ms081 |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> An sake ba shi wani kyautar ATP 1000 a gasar Madrid Open . Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar a tarihin gasar bayan ya sha kaye a zagaye na farko a hannun Adrian Mannarino, inda ya karya tarihin da [[Rafael Nadal]] ya kafa a shekarar 2004. Daga nan ya haɗu da Nadal a karon farko da suka haɗu a fagen wasa, kuma ya sha kashi a hannun sa a wasanni biyu a ranar da ya cika shekaru goma sha takwas da haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz on 'Dream' Nadal Clash: 'It's the Best Birthday Present' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504040630/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2021-monday-reaction |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar Challenger Oeiras III a matsayin ɗan wasa mara matsayi, kuma ya doke Facundo Bagnis a wasan ƙarshe don lashe kambun Challenger na huɗu a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Claims Historic Fourth Challenger Crown |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601170732/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-2021-oeiras-challenger-title |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Alcaraz Triumphs at Oeiras Open Challenger |url=https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175712/https://www.tennis-tourtalk.com/74206/alcaraz-triumphs-at-oeiras-open-challenger |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=22 May 2021}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, ya tashi daga matsayi na 114 zuwa na 94 a cikin jerin 'yan wasa na ATP. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 100, da kuma ƙaramin ɗan wasa a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz moves into the top 100 with a Challenger win in Oeiras |url=https://www.tennisnet.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-moves-into-the-top-100-with-a-challenger-win-in-oeiras |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=tennisnet.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":133">{{Cite web |last=Battersby |first=Kate |date=29 June 2021 |title=Alcaraz making a name |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-06-29/teenager_alcaraz_making_name_for_himself.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> Alcaraz ya samu damar shiga gasar French Open cikin sauƙi, kuma ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Jan-Lennard Struff ya kayar da shi. Shi ne mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai zagaye na uku a Roland Garros cikin shekaru 29, kuma shi ne mafi ƙarami da ya kai wannan matsayi a kowace babbar gasa tun bayan Nadal a 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest man to reach third round in Paris in 29 years |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/alcaraz-becomes-youngest-man-to-reach-third-round-in-paris-in-29-years/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara buga wasa a Wimbledon ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. A zagaye na farko, ya doke Yasutaka Uchiyama a wasan farko na zagaye biyar a rayuwarsa. <ref name=":133" /> Daniil Medvedev, mai lamba 2 a duniya, ya sha kaye a zagaye na biyu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay |first=Alix |date=1 July 2021 |title=Medvedev too strong for teenager |url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2021-07-01/medvedev_too_strong_for_teenager_alcaraz.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=wimbledon.com}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya lashe gasar Umag Open, inda ya doke Richard Gasquet don lashe gasar ATP ta farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2021 |title=No escaping Carlos Alcaraz: 18-year-old becomes youngest ATP champion since 2008 in Umag |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/umag-atp-250-atp/no-escaping-carlos-alcaraz-18-year-old-becomes-youngest-atp-champion-since-2008-in-umag-436105.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ne zakaran ATP mafi ƙarami tun Kei Nishikori a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joao Fonseca makes history in Buenos Aires, wins first ATP Tour title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/cerundolo-fonseca-buenos-aires-2025-final |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A zagaye na uku na gasar US Open, Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas na duniya na 3 a wasan da suka buga a filin wasa na Arthur Ashe a zagaye na biyar. Yana da shekaru 18 da watanni huɗu, Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya doke ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa uku a gasar US Open tun lokacin da aka fara gasar ATP a shekarar 1973. Ya kuma zama mafi ƙarancin mutum a babban zagaye na huɗu tun bayan Andrei Medvedev mai shekaru 17 a gasar French Open ta 1992, kuma mafi ƙarancin mutum a zagaye na huɗu na gasar US Open tun bayan Michael Chang mai shekaru 17 a 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Records Biggest Career Win, Shocks Stefanos Tsitsipas in US Open Thriller |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904001025/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/tsitsipas-alcaraz-us-open-2021-friday |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2021 |title=Alcaraz, 18, stuns Tsitsipas; Tiafoe tops Rublev |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904010845/https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/32141025/daniil-medvedev-cruises-pablo-andujar-fourth-round-us-open |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata fainal ta hanyar doke Peter Gojowczyk wanda ya yi nasara a wasan share fage. Ya zama ɗan wasan kwata-kwata na maza na US Open a Zamanin Buɗe Ido, mafi ƙarancin shekaru tun Thomaz Koch a 1963, kuma mafi ƙarami a kowane babban gasa tun Michael Chang a Gasar French Open ta 1990 . Ya yi ritaya daga buga wasa da Félix Auger-Aliassime a zagayen kwata-kwata bayan ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Latest: Alcaraz says leg muscle made him stop at Open |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611083455/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-latest-fernandez-19-reaches-us-open-women-s-semis |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, an zabi Alcaraz a matsayi na 30 a gasar ATP Masters 1000, amma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko a hannun [[Andy Murray]] . A gasar Vienna Open makonni biyu bayan haka, Alcaraz ya haɗu da Murray don sake fafatawa kuma ya kayar da shi. Daga nan ya doke Matteo Berrettini, ɗan wasa na 7 a duniya, inda ya lashe gasar a matsayi na biyu a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 a rayuwarsa, sannan ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 35 a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com |title=In his win over Matteo Berrettini, Carlos Alcaraz showed that blurring speed and crisp technique can still prevail against a bigger opponent |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/in-his-win-over-matteo-berrettini-carlos-alcaraz-showed-that-blurring-speed-and- |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2021 |title=On-song Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final %%page%% – Tennis Majors Zverev outguns Alcaraz to reach Vienna final |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/on-song-zverev-outguns-alcaraz-to-reach-vienna-final-509336.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Paris Masters, Alcaraz ta yi nasara ta uku a kan [[Jannik Sinner|Jannik Sinner,]] ɗan wasa na takwas a gasar ATP a karon farko da suka fafata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rigal |first=Joseph |date=3 November 2021 |title=Carlos Alcaraz stuns Jannik Sinner to open ATP Finals door for Hubert Hurkacz and Cameron Norrie |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-stuns-jannik-sinner-to-open-atp-finals-door-for-hubert-hurkacz-and-cameron-norrie/ |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennishead |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da haka, a zagaye na 16, Alcaraz bai iya jurewa da jama'ar gida masu cike da tashin hankali suna goyon bayan ɗan Faransa Hugo Gaston ba kuma ya sha kashi a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Kevin |date=5 November 2021 |title=Alcaraz blown away by the most remarkable set of tennis seen in 2021 |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-gaston-paris-comeback |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kammala kakar wasa a gasar Next Gen ATP Finals ; ya cancanci zama na uku a bayan Sinner da Auger-Alissime, amma ya zama na farko bayan sun janye. Ya mamaye zagayen da aka yi don lashe kambun, inda ya fadi wasa daya kacal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz leaves NextGen behind with Milan magic – Roland-Garros – The official site |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/magic-carlos-alcaraz-wins-nextgen-2021-milan |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us}}</ref> === 2022: Zakaran gasar US Open, lamba 1 a duniya === An zabi Alcaraz a karon farko a wani babban gasa a gasar Australian Open . Ya kai zagaye na uku, inda Matteo Berrettini ya sha kashi a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Carlos Alcaraz Has Done Quicker Than the Big Three |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053743/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-australian-open-2022-monday-reaction |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=19 January 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan daga baya zai zama wani tabo na musamman a tarihin nasarar da Alcaraz ya samu a jere a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-30 |title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals how he kept five-set streak alive in Australian Open epic |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-australian-open-five-set-record-zverev-b2910771.html |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A gasar Rio Open, Alcaraz ya lashe kambunsa na farko na ATP 500 ta hanyar doke Diego Schwartzman a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rises to Career-High After Rio de Janeiro Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221233858/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-rankings-21-february-2022 |archive-date=21 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan ƙaramin wanda ya lashe gasar ATP 500 tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri rukunin a shekarar 2009. Ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 mafiya hazaka a gasar ATP a karon farko a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2022. A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran kare kambun Cameron Norrie inda ya kai zagayen farko na wasan kusa da na karshe na ATP Masters 1000, wanda ya sha kashi a hannun [[Rafael Nadal]] . Makonni biyu bayan haka, a gasar Miami Open, Alcaraz ya doke Casper Ruud don lashe kambunsa na farko na 1000. Shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar tseren gudu ta maza a tarihin gasar, haka kuma shi ne zakaran tseren gudu ta ATP Masters 1000 na maza mafi ƙaranci tun bayan [[Rafael Nadal]] a Monte-Carlo a 2005. Shi ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Spain na farko da ya lashe gasar Miami. A Monte-Carlo, Alcaraz ya fusata da Sebastian Korda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz exits in windy Monte Carlo against unseeded Sebastian Korda |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909091103/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/13/monte-carlo-masters-tennis-cameron-norrie-dan-evans |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a zagayen kwata na karshe na gasar Barcelona Open, inda ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 10 mafiya kwarewa a duniya a karon farko a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=ATP Barcelona: Carlos Alcaraz downs Stefanos Tsitsipas and writes history |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612145924/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/On_the_ATP_results_with/112794/atp-barcelona-carlos-alcaraz-downs-stefanos-tsitsipas-and-writes-history/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |access-date=23 April 2022}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas in Barcelona Open thriller to guarantee spot in world's top-10 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-barcelona/2022/carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-in-barcelona-open-thriller-to-guarantee-spot-in-world-s-top-_sto8896118/story.shtml |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya zama mutum mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 tun bayan Nadal a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2005, daidai shekaru 17 da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2022 |title=Alcaraz Downs Tsitsipas Again, Reaches Barcelona Semis |url=http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611054850/http://www.tennisnow.com/News/2022/April/Alcaraz-Downs-Tsitsipas-Again,-Reaches-Barcelona-S.aspx |archive-date=11 June 2022 |access-date=7 May 2022 |publisher=Tennis Now}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Straight-A Student' Carlos Alcaraz Makes Historic Top 10 Breakthrough |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620021504/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-top-10-feature-april-2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Pablo Carreño Busta inda ya lashe kofin Barcelona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Amazing Alcaraz Wins Barcelona Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314141008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-carreno-busta-barcelona-2022-final |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=24 April 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Kwana bayan cikarsa shekaru 19, Alcaraz ya doke zakaran duniya sau biyar, mai lamba 4 a duniya kuma na uku [[Rafael Nadal]] a zagayen kwata-kwata na gasar Madrid Open . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Takes Out Rafael Nadal in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506172936/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/nadal-alcaraz-madrid-2022-friday |archive-date=6 May 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Wannan ita ce nasarar farko da Alcaraz ya samu a kan Nadal, kuma ita ce haduwarsu ta ƙarshe a matakin Tour. Washegari, Alcaraz ya fuskanci [[Novak Djokovic|Novak Djokovic,]] ɗan wasan duniya na 1, a karon farko da ya haɗu. Bayan sa'o'i uku da mintuna talatin da shida, Alcaraz ya yi nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na uku. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya ci nasara a wasa da lamba 1 a duniya tun bayan Nadal a 2004, kuma ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo da ya taɓa kayar da Nadal da Djokovic a jere a kan yumbu. A wasan ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya wargaza zakaran kare kambun kuma ɗan wasa na 3 a duniya Alexander Zverev cikin awa ɗaya da mintuna huɗu. Ya zama zakara mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin gasar a 19 shekaru, 3 kwanaki . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=History-Maker: Alcaraz Continues Rewriting The History Books |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702192848/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2022-history-maker/ |archive-date=2 July 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, Alcaraz ya hau matsayi mafi girma a duniya a matsayi na 6. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Defeats Alexander Zverev for Madrid Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509071148/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-madrid-2022-final-sunday |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> An yi hasashen cewa Alcaraz zai zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi so a gasar French Open . A wasan zagaye na biyu da ya yi da Albert Ramos Viñolas, an kai shi zagaye biyar kuma an tilasta masa ya ceci maki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=22 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Londero: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055351/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-things-learned-from-carlos-alcaraz-first-round-londero |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev a zagayen kwata na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livaudais |first=Stephanie |date=28 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz v Korda: Things We Learned |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601055352/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2022-r3-carlos-alcaraz-v-sebastian-korda-things-we-learned |archive-date=1 June 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[French Open]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2022 |title=Alcaraz Breaks New Ground With Khachanov Win In Paris |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530163456/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-roland-garros-2022-r4 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar Wimbledon, Alcaraz ta sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a zagaye na huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wimbledon 2022: Jannik Sinner holds on to sink Carlos Alcaraz to make quarter-finals at SW19 |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/wimbledon/2022/wimbledon-2022-jannik-sinner-holds-on-to-down-carlos-alcaraz-to-make-quarter-finals-at-sw19_sto9017773/story.shtml |access-date=21 July 2024 |website=Eurosport}}</ref> A gasar Hamburg Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a karon farko a wasan karshe na ATP da Lorenzo Musetti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2022 |title=Musetti Stuns Alcaraz In Hamburg For His First ATP Tour Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724210823/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-hamburg-2022-final |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, wannan sakamakon ya kai shi ga wani sabon matsayi a duniya a matsayi na 5 a duniya a ranar 25 ga Yuli; ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 5 tun bayan Nadal a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top-5 Alcaraz Sets All-Next Gen Final with Musetti |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724073733/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-molcan-hamburg-2022-sf |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=24 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Alcaraz Makes History, Cracks Top 5: 'It's Pretty Amazing' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727133536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-top-5-pepperstone-atp-rankings-feature |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe na biyu a jere a gasar Croatia Open Umag, a wani rashin nasara da [[Jannik Sinner]] ya yi. Ya zama lamba 4 a duniya a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Rides Hot Start into Umag SFS |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730055941/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bagnis-umag-2022-friday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Beats Giulio Zeppieri to Reach Umag Final |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730195301/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zeppieri-umag-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz a Gasar Wimbledon ta 2022]] Saurin Alcaraz na Arewacin Amurka bai fara da kyau ba: ya fusata da Tommy Paul a karon farko a gasar Canadian Open, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TNT Sports is not available in your region |url=https://www.tntsports.co.uk/geoblocking.shtml |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=www.tntsports.co.uk}}</ref> da Cameron Norrie a wasan kwata-kwata na Cincinnati Open . Kafin gasar US Open, Alcaraz, [[Rafael Nadal]], Casper Ruud, Daniil Medvedev, da Stefanos Tsitsipas duk suna fafatawa don lashe matsayi na 1 a duniya . A zagaye na huɗu, Alcaraz ya doke tsohon zakaran Marin Čilić a zagaye biyar, kuma ya zama mafi ƙarancin mutum da ya kai zagayen kwata-kwata na US Open a lokacin Open Era . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=usopen|title=Carlitos is finding success in New York at a young age. https://t.co/fOpdx9ncC2|date=6 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907041535/https://twitter.com/usopen/status/1567035942849888259|archive-date=7 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> A zagayen kwata na ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ceci maki a wasa a zagaye na huɗu kafin ya murmure ya yi nasara a zagaye biyar da [[Jannik Sinner]] . Wasan ya ɗauki awanni biyar da mintuna goma sha biyar, kuma ya sami nasarar ƙarshe a tarihin gasar da ƙarfe 2:50 na safe EST. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US Open: Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jannik Sinner in five-hour epic to reach semi-finals |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12692535/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-jannik-sinner-in-five-hour-epic-to-reach-semi-finals |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasa na uku a jere da ci biyar a jere inda ya doke Frances Tiafoe . [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz,_Swiss_Indoors_Basel_2022.jpg|thumb| Carlos Alcaraz, ɗan wasan Switzerland na cikin gida Basel 2022.]] Daga nan Alcaraz ya hadu da Casper Ruud, wanda ya zo na biyar a jerin 'yan wasa na ƙarshe a babban wasansa na farko, wasan da ya ninka a matsayin bugun fenariti ga matsayi na 1 a duniya. Alcaraz ya lashe wasan a zagaye hudu inda ya lashe babban kofi na farko. Ya zama ƙarami a lamba 1 a tarihin ATP Rankings a 19 shekaru, 130 Kwanaki, sun karya tarihin Lleyton Hewitt, kuma na biyu mafi karancin shekaru bayan Lew Hoad . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz wins US Open title & rises to world No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912002152/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-us-open-2022-final |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name="ATPWorldNo1">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Alcaraz becomes youngest world No. 1 in Pepperstone ATP rankings history |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912000636/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-climbs-to-world-no-1-us-open-2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Youngest Year-End ATP No. 1 Presented By Pepperstone In History |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116111255/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-year-end-no-1-2022 |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Ya kuma zama zakaran gasar maza mafi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Nadal a gasar French Open ta 2005, mafi ƙanƙanta zakaran US Open tun bayan Pete Sampras a 1990, kuma mutum na farko da aka haifa a shekarun 2000 da ya lashe babban kambun 'yan wasa ɗaya. Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta ƙare cikin sauƙi. Ya sha kashi a wasansa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasa na ɗaya a duniya a hannun Félix Auger-Aliassime a gasar cin kofin Davis Cup ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz loses debut as world No. 1 to Félix Auger-Aliassime in Davis Cup Finals meeting |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020537/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/davis-cup-spain-leads-canada-1-0-alcaraz-next |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya sha kashi a hannun David Goffin a zagayen farko na gasar Astana Open, sannan ya sake shan kashi a hannun Auger-Aliassime a Basel . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2022 |title=In-Form Felix Flies Past Alcaraz In Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030165358/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-auger-aliassime-basel-2022-saturday |archive-date=30 October 2022 |access-date=30 October 2022 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai zagayen kwata na ƙarshe na gasar Paris Masters, amma ya yi ritaya bayan ya koma Holger Rune . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2022 |title=Rune into Paris semis after Alcaraz retires, Djokovic advances |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106020525/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/rune-into-paris-semi-finals-after-alcaraz-retires-2022-11-04/ |archive-date=6 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Kwana guda bayan haka, ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni a cikin ciki wanda ya tilasta masa korar makwanni shida, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa kammala kakar wasa da wuri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livie |first=Alex |date=6 November 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz facing six weeks out with injury, will miss ATP Finals and Davis Cup in 'tough and painful' blow |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115070641/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2022/carlos-alcaraz-facing-six-weeks-out-with-injury-will-miss-atp-finals-and-davis-cup-in-tough-and-pain_sto9214903/story.shtml |archive-date=15 November 2022 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A lokacin yana da shekaru 19 da kwanaki 214, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar a matsayin ƙarami kuma matashi na farko a duniya a matsayin lamba 1 a zamanin ATP, kuma na biyu mafi ƙarami a tarihin duniya bayan Hoad. <ref name=":0" /> === 2023: Zakaran Wimbledon === [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Roland_Garros_2023_cropped2.jpg|right|thumb| Alcaraz a gasar French Open ta 2023]] A ranar 7 ga Janairu, Alcaraz ya sanar da janyewarsa daga gasar Australian Open saboda raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa ta dama yayin atisaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2023 |title=Australian Open 2023: World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Grand Slam tournament due to leg injury |url=https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107033406/https://www.cbssports.com/tennis/news/wta-requiring-resolution-of-peng-shuai-case-for-womens-tennis-tournaments-return-to-china/ |archive-date=7 January 2023 |access-date=7 January 2023 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> Ya riƙe matsayi na ɗaya a duniya tsawon makonni 20, amma ya sha kaye bayan gasar ga zakaran [[Novak Djokovic]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2023 |title=Djokovic Returns To No. 1, Mover Of Week |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208002730/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-pepperstone-atp-rankings-30-january-2023 |archive-date=8 February 2023 |access-date=8 February 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa a gasar Argentina Open, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko. Ya doke Cameron Norrie a wasan ƙarshe a jere, inda ya lashe kofinsa na farko tun bayan gasar US Open ta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2023 |title=Tennis, ATP – Argentina Open 2023: Alcaraz wins the final against Norrie |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/argentina-open-alcaraz-wins-the-title-661801.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar Rio Open, inda yake kare kambun, shi ma da Norrie; duk da haka, ya ƙara masa rauni a ƙafarsa a lokacin wasan kuma ya sha kashi a wasanni uku. Alcaraz ya janye daga gasar Mexican Open, yana mai cewa raunin da ya samu kenan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=Both Alcaraz and Norrie withdraw from Acapulco |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/both-alcaraz-and-norrie-withdraw-from-acapulco-663856.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi nasarar cin nasara ta 100 a rayuwarsa da Tallon Griekspoor, wanda shi ne ɗan wasa na 31 a gasar a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya sa shi ɗan wasa na biyu mafi sauri da ya kai wannan matsayi bayan John McEnroe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz 'really proud' to reach milestone before Djokovic, Nadal and Federer |url=https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315145121/https://tennishead.net/carlos-alcaraz-really-proud-to-reach-milestone-before-djokovic-nadal-and-federer/ |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=16 March 2023 |website=tennishead.net}}</ref> Ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe da kuma Daniil Medvedev a wasan karshe don daukar kofin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=SF Preview: Alcaraz, Sinner Renew Rivalry In Indian Wells |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2023-sf-preview |access-date=25 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe gasar Indian Wells ba tare da ya faɗi ko ɗaya ba tun bayan [[Roger Federer]] a shekarar 2017, kuma shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Sunshine Double a duka ƙungiyoyin biyu. Sakamakon haka, ya sake samun matsayi na 1 a duniya a ranar 20 ga Maris 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Alcaraz Wins Indian Wells, Returns To World No. 1 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320085101/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2023-final |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=20 March 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya yi fatan kammala gasar Sunshine Double a Miami, inda ya kasance zakaran da ke kare kambun. Ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe ba tare da ya fadi ko da wasa daya ba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Jannik Sinner a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinner Storms Back To Beat Alcaraz In Miami SF, Ending Spaniard's No. 1 Reign |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-miami-2023-sf |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> Da rashin maki na kambunsa, Alcaraz ya koma matsayi na 2 a jerin 'yan wasa na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2023 |title=Jannik Sinner wins the point of the year, then ends Carlos Alcaraz's hopes for a Sunshine Double |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402045713/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/the-point-of-the-year-by-jannik-sinner-and-carlos-alcaraz |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> An shirya Alcaraz zai buga wasa a Monte-Carlo Masters a mako mai zuwa, amma ya janye saboda raunin da ya samu a hannunsa na hagu da kuma rashin jin daɗin tsoka a kashin bayansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2023 |title=Rafael Nadal, Carlos Alcaraz pull out of Monte Carlo Masters |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524225356/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/nadal-alcaraz-pull-out-of-clay-court-monte-carlo-masters |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Tennis.com]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Ya doke Stefanos Tsitsipas a wasan ƙarshe na gasar Barcelona Open don kare kambunsa ba tare da ya faɗi ko da wasa ɗaya ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2023 |title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz beats Stefanos Tsitsipas to retain title |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524235345/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12864374/barcelona-open-carlos-alcaraz-beats-stefanos-tsitsipas-to-retain-title |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref> Ya kuma kare kambunsa a gasar Madrid Open, inda ya doke Jan-Lennard Struff don lashe kambunsa na goma a rayuwarsa, sannan ya ƙara rinjayensa a kan yumbun Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Makes History with 10th Title |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508000728/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2023-final-reaction |archive-date=8 May 2023 |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref> A gasar Italian Open, Alcaraz ya dawo da matsayi na 1 daga hannun Djokovic ta hanyar buga wasansa na zagaye na biyu. Duk da haka, ya fusata a zagaye na uku da Fabian Marozsan, wanda ya zo na 135 a duniya a jere, a cikin abin da Jon Wertheim ya kira babban tashin hankali na shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fabian Marozsan Beats Carlos Alcaraz in Rome Upset |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522152536/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-marozsan-rome-2023-monday/ |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> Alcaraz ya faɗi wasa ɗaya kacal kafin wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Roland-Garros, inda ya haɗu da [[Novak Djokovic]] a karo na biyu na wasansu na aiki. Wannan fafatawa ce da ake sa ran yi, domin mutanen biyu ba su buga wasa ba sama da shekara guda duk da ci gaba da fafatawar da suke yi a matsayi na 1 a duniya. Wasan ya kasance mai gasa har sai da Alcaraz ya yi kasa a gwiwa a farkon saitin na uku saboda ciwon baya da matsin lamba na kwakwalwa da kuma karfin jiki; Djokovic ya yi nasara a zagaye hudu, inda ya ci gasar kuma ya sake samun matsayi na 1. <ref name="CrampVsDjokovic">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2023 |title=Djokovic beats cramping Alcaraz, into French final |url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/37826198/novak-djokovic-beats-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-french-open-final |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> [[File:Carlos_Alcaraz_Wimbledon_2023_Gentlemen's_Singles_Trophy.jpg|left|thumb| Alcaraz yana riƙe da Kofin Kalubalen 'Yan Wasan Gentlemen bayan ya lashe Gasar Wimbledon ta 2023]] A gasar Queen's Club, Alcaraz ya lashe kofinsa na farko a kan ciyawa a gasarsa ta uku da aka yi a matakin Tour, inda ya doke Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe. Wannan nasarar ta kuma mayar da shi matsayin lamba 1 a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingle |first=Sean |date=26 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Queen's and declares himself a 'favourite' for Wimbledon |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706225946/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/25/alcaraz-wins-queens-favourite-for-wimbledon |archive-date=6 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Duk da cewa Alcaraz bai yi wani abin a zo a gani ba a gasar Wimbledon, ya yi kasa da seti biyu kacal a wasan karshe, inda ya fafata da Djokovic, wanda ya lashe kofi sau bakwai da kuma Djokovic, wanda ya kare sau hudu. Alcaraz ya kasance mai ƙarfin gwiwa a farkon saitin amma ya riƙe ƙarfin gwiwarsa don lashe wasan a cikin seti biyar. Ya ɗauki awanni huɗu da mintuna arba'in da biyu, kuma nan take aka yaba masa a matsayin wani labari na zamani. Wannan shine kofinsa na farko a Wimbledon, kuma shine karo na biyu da ya lashe babban kofi gaba daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz beats Novak Djokovic to win Wimbledon title in final for the ages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/16/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final-singles-men-tennis |access-date=19 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ya zama mutum ɗaya tilo da ba a cikin Big Four ba da ya lashe gasar Wimbledon ta 'yan wasa tun daga shekarar 2002, kafin a haife shi da kansa. <ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |last=Gharib |first=Anthony |date=16 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Wimbledon, denies Novak Djokovic record 24th Grand Slam singles title |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717061050/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/tennis/wimb/2023/07/16/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon-mens-final-result/70417922007/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 |access-date=17 July 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sha kashi a wasan kusa da na karshe na Toronto a hannun Tommy Paul . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Rory |date=12 August 2023 |title=Alcaraz stunned by Paul in Toronto quarters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/de-minaur-shocks-medvedev-reach-semis-toronto-2023-08-11/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Daga nan ya sake haɗuwa da Djokovic a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati . Alcaraz ya sha kashi a zagaye uku, duk da cewa ya samu maki a gasar zakarun Turai a zagaye na biyu na wasan kusa da na karshe. Shi ne mafi tsayin daka a tarihin gasar ATP Masters 1000, kuma shine mafi tsayi a tarihin gasar, a cikin awanni 3 da mintuna 49; Djokovic ya yaba da hakan a matsayin "daya daga cikin mafi wahala a rayuwarsa". <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrogan |first=Ed |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic saves championship point in thrilling Cincinnati final win over Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821015125/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-final-championship-point |archive-date=21 August 2023 |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 August 2023 |title=Novak Djokovic overcomes Carlos Alcaraz to win Cincinnati title in instant classic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021528/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/20/coco-gauff-karolina-muchova-cincinnati-open |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga gasar US Open a matsayin zakaran kare kambun, kuma ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe saboda rashin nasara a wasa daya kacal. Duk da haka, ya sha kashi a can a hannun zakaran 2021 Daniil Medvedev a zagaye hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=9 September 2023 |title=Daniil Medvedev stuns Carlos Alcaraz to set up US Open final showdown with Novak Djokovic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909040451/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/sep/09/daniil-medvedev-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-set-up-us-open-final-showdown-with-novak-djokovic |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Alcaraz ya sake rasa matsayi na 1 a hannun Djokovic, wanda ya kare maki ba tare da ya kare ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2023 |title=Djokovic's Devastating Start To US Open |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829074008/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-muller-us-open-2023-monday |archive-date=29 August 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Alcaraz ya shiga kakar wasa ta kaka da hunturu da nufin samun matsayi na 1 a ƙarshen shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'No. 1 Is One Of The Main Goals' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022031/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-beijing-2023-preview |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz On No. 1 Battle: 'Djokovic Is On My Mind In Every Practice' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053710/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-shanghai-2023-preview |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, kamar shekarar 2022, ya fuskanci koma baya a ƙarshen shekara yayin da yawon shakatawa ya koma filin wasa mai ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a hannun [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na Beijing, sannan ya sha kashi a hannun Grigor Dimitrov a zagaye na 16 a Shanghai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2023 |title=Sinner powers past Alcaraz to book Beijing final with Medvedev |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107055215/https://www.reuters.com/sports/tennis/medvedev-into-china-open-final-after-routine-win-over-zverev-2023-10-03/ |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=11 October 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz suffers shock defeat to Grigor Dimitrov in latest Shanghai Masters upset – 'I knew what I had to do' |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022028/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-shanghai/2023/carlos-alcaraz-suffers-shock-defeat-to-grigor-dimitrov-in-latest-shanghai-masters-upset-i-knew-what-_sto9832953/story.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Ya janye daga Basel saboda rauni, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz Withdraws From Basel |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-basel-2023-withdrawal |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> kuma ya sha kashi a zagayen farko na gasar Paris Masters a hannun Roman Safiullin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2023 |title=Alcaraz: 'A Lot Of Things To Improve' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-reaction-paris-2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A gasar ATP da aka yi a [[Torino|Turin]], Alcaraz ya sha kashi a hannun Alexander Zverev amma ya doke Andrey Rublev da Daniil Medvedev a zagayen zagaye. Ya cancanci zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic, wanda daga baya ya zama zakara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Southby |first=Ben |date=19 November 2023 |title='I'm not at his level' – Carlos Alcaraz admits 'unbelievable' Novak Djokovic is superior indoors after ATP Finals defeat |url=https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119135056/https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/atp-finals/2023/im-not-at-his-level-carlos-alcaraz-admits-unbelievable-novak-djokovic-is-superior-indoors-after-atp-_sto9889172/story.shtml |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> A ƙarshe, Alcaraz ya ƙare shekarar da ta zo ta 2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=Ferrero On Alcaraz's 'Extremely Good' Year |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022032/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-turin-2023-sf-reaction |archive-date=19 July 2024 |access-date=20 November 2023 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> ===2024: Nasarar Channel Slam da lambar azurfa ta Olympics=== [[File:Carlos Alcaraz - Vainqueur Roland Garros 2024.jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana riƙe da kofin Coupe des Mousquetaires bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 French Open]]]] Alcaraz ya fara wasanninsa na shekarar 2024 a [[2024 Australian Open – Men's singles|Australian Open]]. Ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai a wasansa da [[Miomir Kecmanović|Miomir Kecmanovic]], inda ya kai matakin wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta wasan tennis;<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz joins illustrious quarterfinal club|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://ausopen.com/articles/news/alcaraz-joins-illustrious-quarterfinal-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|website=ausopen.com|language=en}}</ref> sai dai ya sha kashi a wannan mataki a hannun [[Alexander Zverev]] da ci 3–1 a rukuni-rukuni.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 January 2024|title=Alcaraz wiped out in quarterfinal loss to Zverev|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051155/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39376735/carlos-alcaraz-crashes-aussie-open-loss-zverev|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairu, Alcaraz ya zaɓi sake buga wasanni a filayen laka na Kudancin Amurka a karo na uku a jere. Ya shiga [[2024 Argentina Open – Singles|Argentina Open]] a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Nicolás Jarry]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2024|title=Alcaraz moves on, gets Jarry in Argentina semis|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051721/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39541489/top-seed-carlos-alcaraz-reaches-argentina-open-semifinals|archive-date=23 February 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=18 February 2024|title=Alcaraz upset by Jarry in Argentina Open semifinals|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022034/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-beaten-by-by-nicolas-jarry-argentina-open/article67859895.ece|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref> A mako na gaba, ya janye daga [[2024 Rio Open|Rio Open]] bayan mintuna kaɗan da fara wasansa na farko, sakamakon karkacewar idon sawunsa na dama.<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2">{{cite news |date=21 February 2024|title=Alcaraz rolls ankle, exits Rio Open after 2 points.|url=https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022036/https://www.espn.in/tennis/story/_/id/39565422/carlos-alcaraz-injures-ankle-exits-rio-open-2-games|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=23 February 2024|work=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Ya sanar da cewa ya samu rauni na karkacewar jijiyar gefen idon sawunsa, amma zai rasa horo na "kwanaki kaɗan" kawai kafin [[2024 BNP Paribas Open – Men's singles|Indian Wells]].<ref name="RioOpenAnkle2" /> A matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar a shekarar da ta gabata, kuma a wasu filayen da yake matuƙar so a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya dawo cikin ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2024|title=Alcaraz buzzing after seeing off bee invasion, Zverev in 'most unusual match'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022548/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2024-thursday-qf-reaction|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=15 March 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]], inda ya kawo ƙarshen wasanni 19 da Sinner ya ci a jere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives bee invasion to set up Indian Wells semi-final with Jannik Sinner |date=15 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022556/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/15/bee-invasion-forces-delay-of-alcaraz-zverev-quarter-final-at-indian-wells |url-status=live|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="atptour.com2">{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |title=Carlos Alcaraz snaps Jannik Sinner's winning streak in Indian Wells SFs |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=17 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317074750/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-sinner-indian-wells-2024-sf-report |url-status=live|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke [[Daniil Medvedev]] a wasan ƙarshe, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko cikin watanni takwas.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins second straight Indian Wells title with victory over Medvedev in final|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317234703/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-wins-second-straight-indian-wells-title-with-victory-over-medvedev-in-final|archive-date=17 March 2024|access-date=17 March 2024|work=[[tennis.com]]}}</ref> A [[2024 Miami Open – Men's singles|Miami Open]], Alcaraz ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba, amma [[Grigor Dimitrov]] ya doke shi a wannan mataki.<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2024|title=Miami Showtime Alcaraz ousts Musetti; Dimitrov buries his Miami 'kryptonite'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022552/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-musetti-miami-2024-tuesday|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 March 2024|title=Grigor Dimitrov stuns Carlos Alcaraz in straight sets to reach Miami Open semis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022551/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/29/dimitrov-stuns-alcaraz-in-straight-sets-to-reach-miami-open-semi-finals|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=1 April 2024|work=[[The Guardian]]|agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Bayan gasar, ya sauka zuwa matsayi na 3 a duniya, a bayansu [[Novak Djokovic]] da Sinner, wanda ya lashe Miami Open. [[File:2024 Summer Olympics men's singles tennis tournament's podium, 2024-08-04 (59) (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana karɓar lambar azurfarsa bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar maza ta mutum ɗaya]] a [[2024 Summer Olympics]]]] Rauni ya kawo cikas ga kakar wasannin laka ta Alcaraz. Ya janye daga [[2024 Monte-Carlo Masters|Monte-Carlo Masters]] da [[2024 Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell|Barcelona Open]] saboda matsala a hannunsa na dama, musamman yankin gabansa.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Monte Carlo Masters with right forearm injury|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719022555/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13111526/carlos-alcaraz-withdraws-from-monte-carlo-masters-with-right-arm-injury|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[Sky Sports]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz: Spaniard withdraws from the Barcelona Open with injury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/68812339|access-date=21 May 2024|work=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A [[Madrid Open (tennis)|Madrid Open]], Alcaraz ya ci gaba da fama da wannan rauni, wanda ya hana shi buga bugun forehand ɗinsa na musamman da cikakken ƙarfi. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a hannun [[Andrey Rublev]], wanda daga baya ya lashe gasar,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner joins Carlos Alcaraz on the on sidelines ahead of Italian Open in Rome|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/13128067/jannik-sinner-joins-carlos-alcaraz-on-the-on-sidelines-ahead-of-italian-open-in-rome|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=7 May 2024|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref> sannan ya janye daga [[2024 Italian Open (tennis)|Rome Open]].<ref name=":14" /> Duk da haka, Alcaraz ya murmure a kan lokaci domin ya buga [[2024 French Open – Men's singles|French Open]] a watan Yuni. Duk da wasu wasannin farko da ba su yi masa sauƙi ba, ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, inda ya doke mai matsayi na biyu, [[Jannik Sinner]], a cikin rukuni biyar masu tsauri, ya kuma kai wasan ƙarshe na Roland Garros a karon farko. Alcaraz ya doke [[Alexander Zverev]] a wani wasa na rukuni biyar, inda ya lashe kambunsa na farko na Roland Garros. Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 35, ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya lashe babban kambu a filaye iri uku daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramsay|first=George|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins third major title with five-set victory at the French Open over Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023054/https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/09/sport/french-open-final-mens-final-2024-spt-intl/index.html|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Elbaba|first=Julia|date=9 June 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest man in complete the Surface Slam|url=https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://web.archive.org/web/20240607200013/https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-man-grand-slam-finals-3-surfaces/3431479/|archive-date=7 June 2024|access-date=9 June 2024|publisher=NBC Los Ángeles.com|language=EN}}</ref> A watan Yuli, Alcaraz ya kare kambunsa na [[2024 Wimbledon Championships|Wimbledon]] ta hanyar doke [[Novak Djokovic]] da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, a sake fafatawa da juna bayan wasan ƙarshe na [[2023 Wimbledon Championships|2023]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz crushes Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8864j5815go|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wimbledon: Carlos Alcaraz bullies Novak Djokovic to win his second straight title at All England Club|url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023055/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/32498/13177804/wimbledon-carlos-alcaraz-bullies-novak-djokovic-to-win-his-second-straight-title-at-all-england-club|archive-date=19 July 2024|access-date=14 July 2024|work=Sky Sports}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 70, Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru a zamanin Open Era da ya kammala nasarar [[Channel Slam]] (lashe French Open da Wimbledon a kakar wasa ɗaya).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roopanarine|first=Les|date=14 July 2024|title=Alcaraz sweeps past Djokovic to retain Wimbledon title|url=https://www.lovegametennis.com/carlos-alcaraz-sweeps-past-novak-djokovic-to-retain-wimbledon-title-tennis/|access-date=19 July 2024|website=Love Game Tennis|language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya shiga [[Tennis at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's singles|gasar Olympics]] a wasannin ninkaya da na mutum ɗaya. Yana haɗin gwiwa da Rafael Nadal, ya kai wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe a ninkaya. A gasar mutum ɗaya, Alcaraz ya kai wasan ƙarshe ba tare da rasa ko rukuni ɗaya ba. Ana kallonsa a matsayin wanda ake sa ran zai lashe lambar zinare; duk da haka, ya sha kashi a hannun Djokovic a rukuni biyu masu tsauri, inda babu ɗayansu da ya rasa wasansa na hidima.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2024|title=Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to win Olympic tennis gold and seal 'Golden Slam'|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/articles/cjk33v1n8n4o|access-date=5 August 2024|website=[[BBC Sport]]|language=}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasan tennis namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya taɓa lashe lambar azurfa a gasar mutum ɗaya. Alcaraz bai shiga [[2024 National Bank Open – Men's singles|Canadian Open na 2024]] ba, inda ya bayyana gajiya a matsayin dalili. Ya buga [[2024 Cincinnati Open – Men's singles|Cincinnati Open na 2024]], amma [[Gaël Monfils]] ya yi nasarar doke shi a zagayen farko.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=Monfils stuns Alcaraz in Cincinnati|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-monfils-cincinnati-2024-friday|access-date=16 August 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Wannan wasa ya kasance karo na farko da Alcaraz ya fasa raket a filin wasa, lamarin da ya jawo ɗaukar hankalin kafafen yaɗa labarai sosai kuma ya sa ya bayar da uzurin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024|title=El monumental cabreo de Alcaraz: destroza su raqueta tras perder en Cincinnati|url=https://www.elmundo.es/deportes/tenis/2024/08/16/66bfaa02e85ecea4598b459a.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=ELMUNDO|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez|first=Diego Fonseca|date=17 August 2024|title=Alcaraz: primera raqueta reventada, perdón público y foco en el US Open|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-08-17/alcaraz-primera-raqueta-reventada-perdon-publico-y-foco-en-el-us-open.html|access-date=11 December 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="RacquetSmash">{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/08/17/sport/carlos-alcaraz-cincinnati-open-racket-spt-intl/index.html |title=Carlos Alcaraz apologizes for smashing and breaking racket in 'worst match' of his career |date=17 August 2024 |access-date=11 December 2024 |last=Ronald|first=Issy|last2=Schlachter|first2=Thomas|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya buga [[2024 US Open – Men's singles|US Open na 2024]], inda ya sha kashi a zagaye na biyu da ci 3–0 a hannun [[Botic van de Zandschulp]], lamarin da ya ba mutane mamaki. Wannan shi ne karon farko da aka fitar da shi daga babbar gasa tun Wimbledon ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hansen|first1=James|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|title=Carlos Alcaraz knocked out of U.S. Open by Botic van de Zandschulp in major upset|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5733308/2024/08/30/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-result-van-de-zandschulp/|access-date=30 August 2024|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya dawo da kwarin gwiwarsa ta hanyar samun nasarori a gasannin ƙungiyoyi na [[2024 Davis Cup|Davis Cup]] da [[2024 Laver Cup|Laver Cup]]. Bayan haka, ya doke [[Jannik Sinner]] a wasan ƙarshe na [[2024 China Open – Men's singles|China Open]]. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da Alcaraz ya haɗu da Sinner a shekarar 2024, kuma ya sake samun nasara a karo na uku.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media|first=P. A.|date=2 October 2024|title=Alcaraz ends Sinner's winning streak to land China Open|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/oct/02/carlos-alcaraz-ends-jannik-sinner-winning-streak-in-pulsating-encounter-to-land-china-open-tennis|access-date=24 October 2024|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Da wannan nasara, Alcaraz ya sake karɓar matsayi na 2 a duniya daga [[Alexander Zverev]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brugnoli|first=Simone|date=30 September 2024|title=BREAKING: Carlos Alcaraz leapfrogs Zverev to No.2 in ATP ranking|url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/148635/breaking-carlos-alcaraz-leapfrogs-zverev-to-no2-in-atp-ranking/|access-date=24 October 2024|website=Tennis World USA|language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma zama ɗan wasa na farko a tarihin ATP Tour da ya lashe kambun gasar mutum ɗaya ta [[ATP 500]] a kowane irin fili – [[Clay court|laka]], [[Grass court|ciyawa]] da [[hardcourt|filin ƙasa mai tauri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza|first=Alejandro|date=2 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz vence a Jannik Sinner y conquista el torneo de Pekín|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/tenis/2024-10-02/carlos-alcaraz-vence-a-jannik-sinner-y-conquista-el-torneo-de-pekin.html|access-date=2 October 2024|website=El País|language=es}}</ref><ref name="ChinaOpenSinner">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024|title=China Open: Carlos Alcaraz recovers to beat Jannik Sinner in dramatic final|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8v6560lnro|access-date=15 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Sai dai, ya sake samun sakamako marasa daidaito a sauran gasannin kaka, kamar yadda ya faru a shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Ya sha kashi a wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe na [[2024 Shanghai Masters (tennis)|Shanghai Masters]] a hannun [[Tomáš Macháč]], sannan ya sha kashi a zagaye na 16 na [[2024 Rolex Paris Masters|Paris Masters]] a hannun [[Ugo Humbert]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2024|title=Carlos Alcaraz stunned by Tomas Machac at Shanghai Masters|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c5y0vjye5gpo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on Ugo Humbert defeat: 'I gave everything'|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paris-2024-thursday-reaction|access-date=7 December 2024|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Bai ji daɗin ƙoshin lafiya ba a lokacin [[2024 ATP Finals|ATP Finals]], amma bai janye daga gasar ba. Ya doke [[Andrey Rublev]], amma ya sha kashi a hannun [[Casper Ruud]] da Alexander Zverev da ci 3–0 a rukuni-rukuni, inda ya fita daga gasar a matakin zagayen rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2024|title=ATP Finals: Carlos Alcaraz exits after losing to Alexander Zverev|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c3deml3xng2o|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake haɗuwa da [[Spain Davis Cup team|ƙungiyar Davis Cup ta Spain]] a [[Málaga]] domin buga wasan daf da na kusa da na ƙarshe. [[Netherlands Davis Cup team|Ƙungiyar Netherlands]] ta fitar da su daga gasar, lamarin da ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwar [[Rafael Nadal]] a wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024|title=Rafael Nadal: Retiring superstar's career over after Spain lose to the Netherlands at Davis Cup|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0k82v4n25vo|access-date=7 December 2024|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama ɗan wasa namiji na farko da ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayi na 3 a duniya duk da lashe manyan kambuna biyu. ===2025: Lakubban Faransa da US Open, komawa matsayi na 1=== Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2025 a Australian Open ta 2025, inda yake kokarin zama mafi karancin shekaru da zai kammala Grand Slam na Aiki (Career Grand Slam).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/carlos-quest-history-making-crown-ao-2025 |title=Carlos' quest for a history-making crown at AO 2025 |date=18 January 2025 |access-date=16 March 2025 |last=Ridge|first=Patric|website=ausopen.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Zagoria|first=Adam|date=6 January 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz Eyeing Career Slam At Australian Open: 'My Main Goal' For The Season|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamzagoria/2025/01/06/carlos-alcaraz-eyeing-career-slam-at-australian-open-my-main-goal-for-the-season/|access-date=16 March 2025|work=Forbes}}</ref> Sai dai, Novak Djokovic ya kayar da shi a zagayen daf da na kusa da karshe (quarterfinals), a wasan da aka daure wa guda a matsayin wanda ya gudanar da shi cikin fargaba daga bangarensa na raga.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025">{{Cite web |last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan|date=21 January 2025|title=Djokovic overcomes injury to stun Alcaraz in Melbourne|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cvg8nz90xkjo|website=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2025-01-21 |title=Novak Djokovic defies injury to stun Carlos Alcaraz at Australian Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jan/21/novak-djokovic-defies-injury-to-stun-carlos-alcaraz-at-australian-open-tennis |access-date=2026-03-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zabi ya gudanar da wasanni a filayen taurin Turai (European hardcourts) a watan Fabrairu a karorinsa na farko a rayuwarsa. Ya lashe kofin farko na filin gida me tauri (indoor hardcourt) na rayuwarsa a Rotterdam Open, inda ya kayar da Alex de Minaur a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz wins Rotterdam Open for first indoor title|url=https://www.espn.com.au/tennis/story/_/id/43765633/carlos-alcaraz-wins-rotterdam-open-first-indoor-title|access-date=16 March 2025|publisher=ESPN|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> A gasar Qatar Open, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a zagayen quarterfinals a hannun Jiří Lehečka, duk da cewa shi ne ya fara karye sajin Lehečka a kowane saiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jiri Lehecka shocks Carlos Alcaraz in Doha|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-doha-2025-thursday|access-date=16 March 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na wanda yake kare kofinsa sau biyu a Indian Wells, Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jack Draper a zagayen semifinal duk da ya doke shi 6-0 (bagel) a saiti na biyu. Wannan shi ne rashin nasara na farko da Alcaraz ya yi bayan zagayen quarterfinals a wata gasa a cikin tsawon shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John|first=Andrew|title=BNP Paribas Open: Jack Draper stuns Carlos Alcaraz to reach first Indian Wells final|url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/sports/tennis/bnp/2025/03/15/jack-draper-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-to-reach-indian-wells-final/82452718007/|access-date=16 March 2025|website=The Desert Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Cikin rashin kyakkyawan yanayi, daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Miami a hannun lamba 55 na duniya, David Goffin, wanda hakan ya zama rashin nasararsa ta uku kacal a zagayen farko na rayuwarsa a gasar ATP 1000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2025|title=Goffin upsets Alcaraz with stunning Miami comeback|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-goffin-miami-2025-friday}}</ref> File:Carlos Alcaraz - Roland Garros 2025 - serving (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz yana yin sabis a French Open ta 2025 Kakar wasan Alcaraz ta filin laka (clay season) ta kasance me nasara sosai. Ya fara ta ne a Monte-Carlo Masters, wata gasa da a baya bai taba lashe ko da wasa guda daya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz on clay: 100 matches and a legacy of greatness|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-clay-feature-monte-carlo-2025|access-date=13 April 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ko da yake har yanzu yana cikin yanayin rashin daidaituwa a farko, Alcaraz ya yi kazar-kazar ta tsakiyar saiti uku masu tsanani tare da Arthur Fils a quarterfinals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one has 'missed clay' after reaching semi-finals with win over Arthur Fils|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ckgr41p941no|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan karshe, ya doke Lorenzo Musetti domin samun lakabin ATP Masters 1000 na farko a cikin watanni goma sha uku. Alcaraz ya isa wasan karshe na Barcelona Open cikin sauki, inda ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Holger Rune. Biyan bayan wasan karshe, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open sakamakon raunukan da ya samu a kafafunsa biyu.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2025|title=Holger Rune stuns Carlos Alcaraz to win Barcelona Open title|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/44766918/holger-rune-stuns-carlos-alcaraz-win-barcelona-open-title|access-date=21 April 2025|website=espn.com|publisher=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare|first=Charlie|date=24 April 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid Open with muscle injury|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6295860/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-madrid-open-out-injury/|access-date=26 April 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke lamba 1 na duniya Jannik Sinner domin lashe kofinsa na farko na Italian Open. Ya zama mutum na uku da ya lashe kowani babban kofi na zamani a filin laka (French Open, Monte-Carlo, Madrid, da Rome) bayan Rafael Nadal da Novak Djokovic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=West|first=Ewan|date=18 May 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz emulates Rafael Nadal & Novak Djokovic as he claims maiden Italian Open title|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-italian-open-clay-feat-rafael-nadal-novak-djokovic|access-date=18 May 2025|website=Tennis365|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sake saduwa da Sinner a wasan karshe na biyu a jere a French Open. Bayan lashe saiti biyu na farko, Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a kan sabis din Alcaraz a saiti na hudu. Alcaraz ya kare kansa daga 0–40 sannan ya karye sabis din Sinner da kansa domin lashe saitin. Wannan ya tilasta saiti na biyar, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe tare da mamaya a super tiebreak, ta haka ya sami lakabinsa na biyar na Grand Slam. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 29, wannan shi ne wasan karshe na French Open mafi tsawo da aka taba yi, kuma wasan karshe na babban kofi (major final) na biyu mafi tsawo a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2025|title=French Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jannik Sinner in classic Roland Garros final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c0eqjpzq972o|access-date=8 June 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma shi ne karon farko da Alcaraz ya dawo bayan an bahi ratar saiti biyu ba tare da ya ci ko guda ba,<ref name="ATPRG2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz joins this list of players to rally from two sets down in a Grand Slam final...|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-roland-garros-2025-final-two-set-comeback|access-date=8 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zama dan wasa maza na tara da ya cimma wannan nasarar domin lashe wasan karshe na babban kofi guda daya.<ref name="ATPRG2025" />. Marubuta da dama da masu sharhin wasanni sun ayyana shirin a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi girman wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennis.com|title=Was the Carlos Alcaraz-Jannik Sinner Roland Garros match the best ever played?|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-jannik-sinner-2025-roland-garros-best-match-ever|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=I saw Alcaraz and Sinner's epic final – and it changed tennis forever|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-final-rivalry-b2766292.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=Alcaraz vs Sinner: Was this the greatest tennis match of the decade?|url=https://www.shortlist.com/sport/alcarez-vs-sinner-was-this-the-greatest-tennis-match-of-the-decade|access-date=3 October 2025|website=Shortlist|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2025|title=How Alcaraz broke his own limits – and Sinner – to win astonishing French Open final|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/alcaraz-sinner-french-open-result-report-b2766076.html|access-date=3 October 2025|website=The Independent|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Flink|first=Steve|date=9 June 2025|title=Steve Flink: Alcaraz Somehow Stops Sinner in a Roland Garros Epic|url=https://www.ubitennis.net/2025/06/steve-flink-alcaraz-somehow-stops-sinner-in-a-roland-garros-epic/|access-date=3 October 2025|website=UBITENNIS|language=en-US}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa na filin ciyawa (grass season) a Queen's Club Championships. Nasarar da ya samu a semifinals a kan Roberto Bautista Agut ita ce nasararsa ta 250 a ATP; ya zama namiji na uku mafi sauri da ya cimma wannan nasara a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims 250th win, surges into Queen's Club final|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-bautista-agut-london-2025-saturday|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya doke Jiří Lehečka a wasan karshe domin samun lakabinsa na uku a jere, kuma lakabinsa na biyar a kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Jiri Lehecka for second Queen's Club title|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-lehecka-london-2025-final|access-date=22 June 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A zagayen farko na Wimbledon, Alcaraz ya fuskanci kalubalen saiti biyar ba tsammani daga Fabio Fognini, wanda tuni ya sanar da yin murabus dinsa kuma bai lashe ko wasa guda ba a tsawon kakar wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz survives five-set scare from Fabio Fognini in Wimbledon opener|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fognini-wimbledon-2025-monday|access-date=11 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya rasa saiti guda kowanne a hannun Jan-Lennard Struff, Andrey Rublev, da Taylor Fritz, amma a karshe har yanzu ya kai wasansa na karshe na hudu a jere. Ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Jannik Sinner a saiti hudu, wanda shi ne rashin nasararsa ta farko a wasan karshe na Grand Slam kuma rashin nasararsa ta farko a hannun Sinner tun shekarar 2023. Wannan kuma ya kawo karshen nasarori 24 a jere na Alcaraz, mafi tsawo a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2025-07-13 |title=Wimbledon 2025 results: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to win first All England Club title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c5ykw5n0p7no |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> File:P20250907DT-0983 President Donald Trump attends the U.S. Open Men’s Championship.jpg|left|thumb|upright=.7|Alcaraz a wasan karshe na US Open ta 2025 Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wani babban wasan karshe kuma a Cincinnati Open. Sinner ya sha wahala ta fuskar jiki, sannan ya janye yayin da Alcaraz ke gaba da 5–0 a saiti na farko. Saboda haka Alcaraz ya sami lakabinsa na uku na ATP 1000 a kakar wasan.<ref name="ATPCincinnati2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz claims first Cincinnati crown after Jannik Sinner retires|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-alcaraz-cincinnati-2025-final|access-date=19 August 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> A US Open, Alcaraz ya wuce ta zagayen farko guda shida na gasar tare da samun nasarar 6-0 (bagelling) a kan Mattia Bellucci da Luciano Darderi a hanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz cruises through to fourth round of US Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c15ljzy3dqjo|access-date=30 August 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> A semifinal, ya sami nasararsa ta farko a kan Novak Djokovic a fili me tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025">{{Cite news |last1=Futterman|first1=Matthew|last2=Eccleshare|first2=Charlie|date=5 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz overpowers Novak Djokovic to reach U.S. Open final|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6601703/2025/09/05/carlos-alcaraz-novak-djokovic-us-open-result-analysis/|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba, wanda shi ne mutum na farko da ya yi hakan a US Open tun Roger Federer a 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sarkar|first=Rana|date=6 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz follows Federer's 2015 path to US Open final, beats Djokovic without dropping a set|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/carlos-alcaraz-follows-federers-2015-path-to-us-open-final-beats-djokovic-without-dropping-a-set/articleshow/123728168.cms?from=mdr|access-date=6 September 2025|work=The Economic Times|issn=0013-0389}}</ref> Wannan shi ne wasansa na karshe na takwas a jere a matakin yawon shakatawa (tour-level final), kuma a karo na uku a jere a wasan karshe na Grand Slam, ya fuskanci Jannik Sinner. Alcaraz ya doke shi a saiti hudu domin samun lakabinsa na shida na Grand Slam a cikin daya daga cikin tsawon tafiye-tafiye mafi kyau a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=US Open 2025 results: How Carlos Alcaraz produced 'faultless' performance to beat Jannik Sinner and win title|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/c9v7nld4we2o|access-date=3 October 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama namiji na hudu kuma mafi karancin shekaru a Zamanin Budewa (Open Era) da ya lashe lakubban Grand Slam da dama a kowane irin fili.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2025|title=Alcaraz bests Sinner to win US Open, sixth Slam|url=https://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/id/46190196/carlos-alcaraz-defeats-rival-jannik-sinner-us-open|access-date=8 September 2025|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan nasarar, Alcaraz ya kuma sake karbe matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a karon farko a cikin shekaru biyu.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz returns to World No. 1 following US Open triumph|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-no-1-return-september-2025|access-date=7 September 2025|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya fara fitowarsa ta farko a Japan Open Tennis Championships. A saiti na farko na wasansa na zagayen farko da Sebastián Báez, ya murde idon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2025|title=Carlos Alcaraz says he was "scared" after hurting ankle in first-round win at Japan Open|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/articles/ce8467zl778o|access-date=28 September 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da raunin, ya ci gaba da taka leda har ya kai wasansa na karshe na tara a jere, inda ya fuskanci Taylor Fritz. Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Fritz a Laver Cup kwanaki 10 kawai da suka gabata, Alcaraz ya wuce ta kansa domin karkare kofinsa na takwas na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz exacts quick Taylor Fritz revenge, captures Tokyo title on debut |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-fritz-tokyo-2025-final |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Shanghai Masters saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of Shanghai Masters just hours after winning Japan Open |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-shanghai-masters-injury-withdraw-b2836573.html |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=The Independent |language=en|date=30 September 2025}}</ref> Ya yi rashin nasara a wasansa na farko a Paris Masters a hannun Cameron Norrie a saiti uku, wanda hakan ya kawo karshen nasarorinsa na jere a wasannin karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz first player to qualify for 2025 Nitto ATP Finals {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-nitto-atp-finals-2025-qualification |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A ATP Finals, Alcaraz ya doke Alex de Minaur, Taylor Fritz, da Lorenzo Musetti domin zama na farko a rukuninsa na round robin. Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Musetti, ya tabbatar da matsayin lamba 1 na karshen shekara a karo na biyu. Alcaraz ya doke Félix Auger-Aliassime a semifinal, inda ya yi kurakurai uku kacal marasa karfi (unforced errors) a saiti na farko. Ya ci gaba zuwa wani wasan karshe kuma da Jannik Sinner, wanda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=ATP Finals: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to defend title in Turin |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c05147lz7g9o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Davis Cup saboda raunin tsokar cinyarsa (hamstring), ta haka ya kammala kakar wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=Carlos Alcaraz: World number one withdraws from Spain's Davis Cup Finals team |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/ce8z53330g6o |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ===2026: Lakabin Australia, Kammala Career Grand Slam, Rauni=== A lokacin shirye-shiryen tunkarar kakar wasa na watan Disamba, Alcaraz ya rabu da kocin da suka daɗe tare, Juan Carlos Ferrero.<ref name="Jurejko">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-17 |title=Carlos Alcaraz splits with coach Juan Carlos Ferrero after long partnership |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c0mpj8427pzo |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB|last=Jurejko|first=Jonathan}}</ref> Alcaraz ya fara kakar wasansa ta 2026 a Australian Open ta 2026, inda ya kai zagayen semifinal ba tare da ya yi rashin nasarar ko da saiti guda ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Australian Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz storms past Alex de Minaur and into semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8rm8jg5507o |access-date=2026-01-29 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal da ya buga da Alexander Zverev, ya lashe saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Bayan ya yi rashin nasara a saiti na uku da na hudu a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), ya dawo da kaimi domin lashe saiti na karshe. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open kuma wasa na uku mafi tsawo gaba ɗaya a tarihin gasar.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026">{{cite web |date=30 January 2026|title=Alcaraz downs Zverev in Melbourne marathon, reaches maiden Australian Open final|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-zverev-australian-open-2026-sf|access-date=30 January 2026|website=atptour.com|publisher=ATPTour}}</ref> Alcaraz ya zama mafi ƙarancin shekaru a Zamanin Buɗewa (Open Era) da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), inda ya karya rikodin da Jim Courier ya kafa a shekarar 1993.<ref>{{cite news |last=Tennis.com|date=30 January 2026|title=Carlos Alcaraz battles into first Australian Open final with marathon win over Zverev|url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/carlos-alcaraz-battles-into-first-australian-open-final-with-marathon-win-over-alexander-zverev-five-sets-cramping|access-date=30 January 2026|website=Tennis.com|language=en}}</ref> Daga nan ya doke Novak Djokovic domin lashe lakabinsa na farko na Australian Open, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru a tarihi da ya kammala Career Grand Slam a wasan maza marasa abokin tarayya (singles).<ref>{{cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes youngest player to complete Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.khelwire.com/articles/carlos-alcaraz-becomes-youngest-player-to-complete-career-grand-slam |access-date=1 February 2026 |website=KhelWire |date=1 February 2026}}</ref>File:Carlos Alcaraz US Open 2026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=.9|Carlos Alcaraz yana motsa jiki a US Open ta 2026Alcaraz ya janye jikinsa daga Rotterdam Open sakamakon gajiya, sannan ya koma gudanar da kakar wasansa a Qatar Open. Ya rasa saiti guda kacal a hannun Karen Khachanov a zagayen quarterfinals, yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wasan karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz rallies past Karen Khachanov in Doha {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis|url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-khachanov-doha-2026-qf|access-date=2026-02-21|website=ATP Tour|language=en}}</ref> Ya lallasa Arthur Fils a cikin mintuna 50, wasa mafi sauri da ya kammala a rayuwarsa zuwa wannan lokacin, domin samun lakabinsa na biyu na shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Qatar Open: Carlos Alcaraz demolishes Arthur Fils in 50 minutes to win title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cx28lxv7gedo |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya koma Indian Wells. Nasararsa a zagayen quarterfinals da Cameron Norrie ita ce nasararsa ta 34 a jere a filin waje mai tauri (outdoor hardcourts) - jerin nasarori na uku mafi tsawo irinsa a Zamanin Buɗewa, wanda ya yi daidai da na Pete Sampras.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Peter |date=2026-03-08 |title=The seven biggest outdoor hardcourt winning streaks in ATP history as Carlos Alcaraz joins the list |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/the-seven-biggest-outdoor-hardcourt-winning-streaks-in-atp-history-as-carlos-alcaraz-joins-the-list/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> A wasan semifinal, Alcaraz ya sake karawa da Daniil Medvedev a matsayin maimaitawar wasannin karshe na 2023 da 2024, inda ya yi rashin nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniil Medvedev ends Carlos Alcaraz's perfect start to 2026 to reach Indian Wells final {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-medvedev-indian-wells-2026-sf |access-date=2026-03-15 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A Miami Open, Sebastian Korda ya doke Alcaraz ba tsammani a zagaye na uku, wanda hakan ya kammala bajinta mai ban takaici a gasannin Sunshine Double.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Miami Open: World number one Carlos Alcaraz suffers surprise defeat to American Sebastian Korda in third round |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cg73g9m21n8o |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Alcaraz ya kai wasan karshe a gasarsa ta farko a filin laka (clay court) na shekarar a Monte Carlo, inda ya yi rashin nasarar wasan da kuma matsayin lamba 1 na duniya a hannun abokin hamayyarsa Jannik Sinner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-12 |title=Monte Carlo Masters: Jannik Sinner beats Carlos Alcaraz to return to world top spot |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/c8dl5qge2r8o |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki ya buga wasansa na farko a Barcelona Open, inda aka ba shi hutun likita domin duba gantsar hannunsa (forearm). Bayan wasan ya janye jikinsa daga gasar, sakamakon raunin hannu da ba a bayyana takamaiman irinsa ba wanda daga baya aka gano tenosynovitis ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-15|title=Barcelona Open: Carlos Alcaraz pulls out of tournament with wrist injury|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cly0037eg1xo|access-date=2026-04-20|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-20 |title=Carlos Alcaraz confirms U.S. Open return via soccer transfer figure Fabrizio Romano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7527126/2026/08/20/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-comeback-us-open-romano/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Ya kuma janye jikinsa daga Madrid Open.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Madrid {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A karshen watan Afirilu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Italian Open da French Open, dukkan gasannin biyu da yake kare kofunansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcaraz to miss Rome & Roland Garros: 'We will come out of it stronger' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-rome-roland-garros-2026-withdrawal |website=ATP Tour |access-date=24 April 2026}}</ref> A watan Mayu, ya sanar da janye jikinsa daga Queen's Club Championships da Wimbledon, inda a dukkaninsu shi ne ke kare kofin da kuma wanda ya zo na biyu (runner-up).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Alcaraz withdraws from Wimbledon & Queen's Club |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-queens-club-wimbledon-2026-withdrawal |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=atptour.com}}</ref> Bai shiga Canadian Open ba, kuma ya janye jikinsa daga Cincinnati Open, inda shi ne ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=2026-08-10 |title=Carlos Alcaraz withdraws from Cincinnati Open, with U.S. Open title defense in doubt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7492918/2026/08/04/carlos-alcaraz-out-cincinnati-open/ |access-date=2026-08-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Agusta, Alcaraz ya sanar da cewa zai koma gasar gogayya a US Open, inda shi ma ke kare kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: Fabrizio Romano breaks news US Open champion is to make comeback from wrist injury at Flushing Meadows |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/33694/13575157/carlos-alcaraz-fabrizio-romano-breaks-news-us-open-champion-is-to-make-comeback-from-wrist-injury-at-flushing-meadows |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Ya shiga gasar ma'aurata gauraye (mixed doubles) tare da haɗin gwiwa mai muhimmanci da Serena Williams; sun yi rashin nasara a zagaye na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-25 |title=Williams-Alcaraz fall in US Open mixed quarter-finals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260825-williams-alcaraz-fall-in-us-open-mixed-quarter-finals |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz ya buga wasansa na farko guda ɗaya (singles) a cikin watanni biyar da Roman Safiullin inda ya sami nasara a saiti babu kakkautawa, kodayake saurin sabis ɗinsa ya ragu sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz eases past Roman Safiullin on return at US Open {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-safiullin-us-open-2026-monday |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Da sauri ya watsar da rashin sabo sannan ya kai wasan quarterfinals dinsa na biyar na rayuwarsa a US Open, inda ya rasa saiti guda kacal a kanti, a hannun Jaime Faria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=2026-09-03 |title=US Open 2026 results: Carlos Alcaraz fights back to beat Jaime Faria as injury comeback in New York continues |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cqjkdnv729jo |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya tsawanta jerin nasarorinsa a manyan gasassaki (majors) zuwa 18, mafi kyau a rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz completes his Grand Slam set vs. Tommy Paul, reaches US Open QFs {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-paul-us-open-2026-sunday-r4 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Daga nan Alcaraz ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Ben Shelton a quarterfinals a saiti biyar, inda Shelton ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu bayan Matteo Berrettini da ya doke Alcaraz a saiti biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouquette |first=Cédric |date=2026-09-09 |title=Shelton ends Alcaraz’s US Open reign in late-night thriller |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/us-open-news/history-made-past-3am-shelton-ends-alcarazs-us-open-reign-at-the-latest-finish-the-tournament-has-ever-seen-860615.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Gagayya (Rivalries)== === Jannik Sinner === Carlos Alcaraz da Jannik Sinner sun fuskanci juna har sau 17 a gasar ATP Tour, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 10–7.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-jannik-sinner/a0e2/s0ag |title=Jannik Sinner VS Carlos Alcaraz {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=6 June 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |title=Closing Power: Alcaraz Fights off Sinner in Five for First French Open Final |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023057/https://www.tennisnow.com/News/2024/June/Closing-Power-Alcaraz-Fights-off-Sinner-in-Five-f.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> Wasanni masu muhimmanci na farko sun haɗa da zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2022, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti biyar bayan ya kare maki guda na nasara (match point) har ya kai ga lashe lakabin gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Media |first=P. A. |date=8 September 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz prevails over Jannik Sinner in latest ever US Open finish |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/08/carlos-alcaraz-prevails-over-jannik-sinner-in-latest-ever-us-open-finish-tennis |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Su biyun sun fuskanci juna sau uku a shekarar 2024, inda Alcaraz ya lashe dukkan wasannin uku, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe mai tsananin gogayya na China Open.<ref name="ChinaOpenSinner" /> Sinner ya yi rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a shekarar 2024 adadin da ya yi daidai da rashin nasarar da ya yi a hannun dukkan sauran 'yan wasan tour baki ɗaya. A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz da Sinner sun fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe na manyan gasassaki (majors) guda uku a jere. Alcaraz ya lashe wasansu na ƙarshe na farko a babban kofi a French Open, duk da cewa Sinner yana da maki uku na lashe kofin (championship points) a saiti na hudu. Mujallar ''The Guardian'' ta yaba da wasan a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman wasannin ƙarshe da aka taba yi a kowane irin wasan motsa jiki."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Daniel |date=8 June 2025 |title=Alcaraz fights back to beat Sinner in all-time classic French Open men's final – as it happened |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2025/jun/08/french-open-2025-mens-final-jannik-sinner-v-carlos-alcaraz-tennis-live |access-date=8 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun sake saduwa a Wimbledon, inda Sinner ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Alcaraz; sannan a US Open, inda Alcaraz ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yana kwace kofin daga hannun zakara mai kare kofinsa Sinner.<ref name="ATPNo1Return2025" /> A karo na biyu a jere, sun raba manyan kofunan shekarar biyu-biyu. Sun kuma fuskanci juna a wasannin ƙarshe guda biyu na ATP Masters 1000 a shekarar 2025, a Italian Open da Cincinnati Open, wanda duka Alcaraz ne ya lashe su;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannik Sinner on Rome run: 'I am closer than expected' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/sinner-rome-2025-final-reaction |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ATPCincinnati2025" /> da kuma wasan ƙarshe na ATP Finals na 2025, inda Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> Sinner ya doke Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun lakabin gasar Monte-Carlo Masters a karon farko da suka fuskanci juna a shekarar 2026. An bayyana gagayyarsu a matsayin "wata gogayya mai yiwuwa za ta ayyana wani zamani da kanta".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Klosok |first1=Aleks |title=Friendly rivals Jannik Sinner and Carlos Alcaraz look set to dominate men's tennis. Is it time to call them the 'Big Two?' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/12/sport/jannik-sinner-carlos-alcaraz-atp-finals-spt-intl/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en |date=12 November 2024}}</ref> === Alexander Zverev === Carlos Alcaraz da Alexander Zverev sun fuskanci juna har sau goma sha uku, inda Alcaraz ke gaba da nasarori 7–6.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-alexander-zverev/a0e2/z355 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Alexander Zverev {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=15 March 2026 }}</ref> Sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2021, inda Zverev ya lallasa Alcaraz mai shekaru 17–18 a dukkanin wasannin biyu. Wasan farko mai muhimmanci a tsakaninsu shi ne wasan ƙarshe na Madrid Open a shekarar 2022, inda Alcaraz ya lallasa zakara mai kare kofinsa Zverev a cikin sa'a ɗaya da mintuna hudu.<ref name="BBCMadrid2022" /> Bayan 'yan makonni, sun yi wasansu na farko a babban kofi (major) a zagayen quarterfinals na French Open, inda Zverev ya doke Alcaraz a saiti hudu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2022-05-31 |title=Zverev eases into second French Open semi-final with win against Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/31/zverev-eases-into-second-french-open-semi-final-with-win-against-alcaraz |access-date=2026-03-25 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sun kara gudanar da wasanni masu muhimmanci a zagayen quarterfinals na US Open ta 2023, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe, da kuma quarterfinals na Australian Open ta 2024, wanda Zverev ya lashe. A shekarar 2024 sun fuskanci juna a wasan ƙarshe na French Open, inda Zverev ke neman samun lakabinsa na farko na babban kofi. Zverev ya samu ratar saiti biyu zuwa ɗaya, amma Alcaraz ya jure har ya doke shi a saiti biyar domin samun lakabinsa na farko na French Open.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=2024-06-09 |title=Carlos Alcaraz outlasts Alex Zverev in five-set thriller to win French Open |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/09/carlos-alcaraz-outlasts-alex-zverev-in-five-set-thriller-to-win-french-open |access-date=2026-03-12 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A wasan semifinals na Australian Open ta 2026, Alcaraz ya samu ratar saiti biyu na farko kafin ya fuskanci matsala sakamakon ciwon tsoka (cramps). Zverev ya lashe saiti biyu na gaba a zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks), amma Alcaraz ya dawo da kaimi a tsaye domin lashe saiti na biyar, yana ci gaba zuwa wasansa na ƙarshe na farko a Australian Open. A tsawon sa'o'i 5 da mintuna 27, wannan shi ne wasan semifinal mafi tsawo a tarihin Australian Open.<ref name="ATPZverevAO2026" /> === Novak Djokovic === File:2023 Wimbledon Men's singles final (3).jpg|thumb|right|upright=.7|Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic bayan wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023 Carlos Alcaraz da Novak Djokovic sun fuskanci juna har sau goma; duk da tazarar shekaru 16 a tsakaninsu, gogayyar tasu ta kasance mai cike da harkar gogayya ta daidaito, inda sakamakon fuskantar juna ke kunnen doki a 5–5.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/players/atp-head-2-head/carlos-alcaraz-vs-novak-djokovic/a0e2/d643 |title=Carlos Alcaraz VS Novak Djokovic {{!}} Head 2 Head |website=ATP Tour |access-date=16 November 2025 }}</ref> Wasanni tara daga cikin goma da suka buga sun kasance a zagayen semifinals ko finals na "manya" gasassaki: a dukkan manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), Masters 1000 guda biyu na ATP, ATP Finals da Wasannin Olimpic. Saduwarsu ta farko ita ce a semifinals na Madrid Open ta 2022, inda Alcaraz ya samu nasara a saiti na karshe mai kayyade sakamako (deciding set tiebreaker), inda ya zama mutum guda tilos a tarihi da ya samu nasarori a jere a kan Nadal da Djokovic a filin laka (clay). Duk da gwagwarmayarsu ta neman matsayin lamba 1 na duniya, ba su sake fuskantar juna ba har na tsawon fiye da shekara guda. Daga karshe sun sake fuskantar juna a semifinals na French Open ta 2023, wanda ya kasance wasan da aka zuba idanu a kansa da kafofin labarai suka yi ta yayatawa.<ref name="SiDjokovicSemi" /><ref name="GuardianDjokovicSemi" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kapetanakis |first=Arthur |date=8 June 2023 |title=SF Preview: Carlos Alcaraz vs. Novak Djokovic In Clash For The Ages |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925094747/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-roland-garros-2023-sf-preview |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cambers |first=Simon |date=8 June 2023 |title=Alcaraz v Djokovic: Where the match can be won |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=www.rolandgarros.com |language=en-us |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602182743/https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/rg2023-semi-final-preview-alcaraz-djokovic-tactical-breakdown |url-status=live}}</ref> Djokovic ya yi nasara a saiti hudu, yayin da wasan ke cike da gogayya har zuwa lokacin da Alcaraz ya samu tangarda a farkon saiti na uku saboda ciwon tsoka (cramps).<ref name="CrampVsDjokovic" /> Ba da jimawa ba biyu sun sake saduwa domin sake fuskantar juna a wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon ta 2023, inda Alcaraz ya doke Djokovic wanda ya lashe kofin sau hudu a jere a cikin wasa mai cike da tarihi na saiti biyar wanda ya dauki sa'o'i 4 da mintuna 42.<ref name="NYTimesWimbledon" /> Wata guda bayan haka, sun yi wata gogayyar mai matukar girma a wasan ƙarshe na Cincinnati Open ta 2023, inda Djokovic ya samu nasara a saiti uku masu matukar matsin lamba bayan ya kare maki guda na nasarar kofin (championship point). A tsawon sa'o'i 3 da mintuna 49, wannan shi ne wasan ƙarshe na ATP Tour mafi tsawo a saiti biyu cikin uku a tarihi, kuma wasa mafi tsawo a tarihin gasar, wanda kuma aka yaba masa nan take a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasanni a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic outlasts Alcaraz to win instant-classic final in Cincinnati |url=https://www.thescore.com/atp/news/2696096 |access-date=23 August 2023 |website=theScore.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Malinowski |first=Scoop |date=21 August 2023 |title=Djokovic and Carlos Produce the Highest Level of Tennis Ever Witnessed In Cincy – Tennis-Prose.com |url=https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |access-date=2 February 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023607/https://www.tennis-prose.com/articles/djokovic-and-carlos-produce-the-highest-level-of-tennis-ever-witnessed-in-cincy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Daga nan sun buga wasan da ba shi da wata babbar gogayya a ATP Finals, inda Djokovic ya lallasa Alcaraz a saiti babu kakkautawa (straight sets).<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2023 |title=ATP Finals results 2023: Novak Djokovic beats Carlos Alcaraz to set up Jannik Sinner final |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/67461418 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a bazaran shekarar 2024, duka a wasannin ƙarshe masu muhimmanci gaske. A ranar 14 ga Yuli, Alcaraz ya sami nasara cikin sauki a saiti babu kakkautawa a kan Djokovic a karawa ta biyu na wasan ƙarshe na Wimbledon na shekarar baya. Makonni uku bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga Agusta, Djokovic ya doke Alcaraz a wasan ƙarshe na Wasannin Olimpic a filin Court Philippe Chatrier. Ba a karye sabis ɗin ko ɗaya daga cikinsu ba a saiti biyun, inda Djokovic ya lashe zagayen gaba-da-gaba (tiebreaks) duka guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novak Djokovic defeats Carlos Alcaraz for first Olympic gold medal |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/djokovic-alcaraz-paris-olympics-2024-gold-medal-match |access-date=16 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Masanin tarihin wasanni Steve Flink ya kira shi "wasa mafi kyau na saiti biyu da na taba gani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=manfred |date=4 August 2024 |title="The Best Two-Set Match I Have Ever Seen" – Steve Flink On Novak Djokovic – Carlos Alcaraz Olympic Final |url=https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=World Tennis Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=17 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181305/https://worldtennismagazine.com/archives/23630 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mujallar ''Tennis.com'' ta jera wasan a matsayin wasan ATP na shekara na 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tignor |first=Steve |date=20 December 2024 |title=TENNIS.com's 2024 ATP Match of the Year: Novak Djokovic conquers Carlos Alcaraz at the Olympics, and finally wins gold |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/2024-tennis-atp-match-of-the-year-novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-olympics-paris |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=Tennis.com}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau biyu a shekarar 2025. A saduwarsu ta farko a matakin quarterfinals a Australian Open, Djokovic ya sami nasara a saiti hudu domin ci gaba da kare rikodinsa na rashin nasara a hannun Alcaraz a filin tauri (hardcourt) da kuma rushe burinsa na samun Career Grand Slam.<ref name="BBCDjokovicAO2025" /> Sun sake saduwa a semifinals na US Open, inda Alcaraz ya ɗauki pansa a saiti babu kakkautawa domin samun nasararsa ta farko a kan Djokovic a filin tauri (hardcourt).<ref name="NYTUSOpen2025" /> Tikitin shiga kalle wasan sun kasance mafi tsada a tarihin US Open.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAM |date=4 September 2025 |title=US Open ticket prices soar to unprecedented level: How much does it cost to watch Carlos Alcaraz vs Novak Djokovic? |url=https://www.marca.com/en/tennis/us-open/2025/09/04/68b9f44146163fdd7c8b4581.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> Tare da wannan wasan, Alcaraz da Djokovic sun kammala saduwa a kowace daya daga cikin manyan gasassaki hudu (majors), wani abu da gagayyar Federer–Nadal ba ta taba cimmawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=3 September 2025 |title=Djokovic-Alcaraz rivalry set for Grand Slam milestone that Federer and Nadal failed to achieve |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/novak-djokovic-carlos-alcaraz-achieve-feat-eluded-roger-federer-rafael-nadal |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic da Alcaraz sun fuskanci juna sau ɗaya a shekarar 2026, a wasan ƙarshe na Australian Open, wanda Alcaraz ya lashe a saiti hudu domin kawo ƙarshen rikodin cikakkiyar nasara na Djokovic 10–0 a wasannin ƙarshe na Australian Open kuma ya zama mai wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala Career Grand Slam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alcaraz dents Djokovic's Melbourne final perfection, wins first Australian Open title|url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-australian-open-2026-final|website=ATPTour|date=1 February 2026|access-date=1 February 2026}}</ref> Musamman ma, Alcaraz (tare da Stan Wawrinka) na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis guda biyu da suke da cikakken rikodin nasara a wasannin ƙarshe na babban kofi (major final) a kan Djokovic. ==Sallon Wasa (Playing style)== Alcaraz ɗan wasan tennis ne mai amfani da [[All-court player|ko ina a fili]], amma da farko yana amfani da salo mai kai hari daga baya (baseline). An san shi da ƙwarewarsa ta rufe fili da ikon samun ƙwallo a matsayin tsaro, sau da yawa yana mai da matsayin tsaro zuwa damar kai hari yayin karawa. Harbinsa na [[forehand]] mai madaidaicin hannu shine harbi mafi ƙarfi: yana iya buga shi a faɗace da sauri don samun maki na nasara (winners) daga kowane matsayi na fili, ko kuma ya ƙara adadin topspin mai yawa da tazara a saman ragar. Yana wasa da [[backhand]] na hannu biyu mai faɗi kuma ƙasa-ƙasa. Saboda harinsa, Alcaraz yawanci yana samar da babban adadin [[Glossary of tennis terms#winner|winners]] da [[Glossary of tennis terms#unforced error|kuskuren da ba a tilasta masa ba (unforced errors)]] daga harbin ƙasa, musamman na forehand ɗinsa. Alcaraz yana da sabis na farko mai ƙarfi dangane da tsawonsa; yawanci tsakanin mile 115 zuwa 120 a sa'a guda (mph) kuma yakan kai mile 135 a sa'a guda, amma ana buga shi da matsakaicin wurin da aka sa gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Alcaraz's Scintillating Serve Toppled Djokovic's Return In The Wimbledon Final &#124; |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818230616/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-djokovic-wimbledon-2023-final-brain-game |archive-date=18 August 2023 |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The story behind his new & improved serve |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-serve-feature-wimbledon-2024 |access-date=27 July 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yawanci yana ƙara topspin ga sabis ɗinsa na biyu domin samar da tsalle mai tsawo na ƙwallo, wanda ke tura abokan karawarsa baya ko kuma tilasta musu maido ƙwallo mai rauni. Wannan sabis yawanci yana kaiwa km/h 150 zuwa 170 (mile 93 zuwa 106 a sa'a guda).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CARLOS ALCARAZ VS. ALEX DE MINAUR &#124; LONDON 2023 |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205433/https://www.atptour.com/en/scores/stats-centre/live/2022/403/MS001 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Mafi yawancin lokuta saboda rashin ainihin wurin da ake sa gaba, ana bayyana sabis na Alcaraz a matsayin mafi rauni a wasansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2025 |title=Alcaraz says new serve still a work in progress as he targets Career Grand Slam |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/australian-open-news/alcaraz-says-new-serve-still-a-work-in-progress-as-he-targets-career-grand-slam-803085.html |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Shi ƙwararre ne wajen maido da sabis (returner), musamman na sabis na farko. A shekarar 2024, ya lashe kusan kashi ɗaya cikin uku na wasannin sabis na abokan karawarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leaderboard &#124; ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/stats/leaderboard?boardType=return&timeFrame=52week&surface=all&versusRank=all&formerNo1=false |access-date=5 February 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz yana da wasan raga mai burge mutane tare da kyakkyawan drop volleys da drive volleys, sannan yakan yi serve-and-volley a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2023 |title='Carlos Alcaraz can serve and volley at...', says former ATP ace |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704205432/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/126770/-carlos-alcaraz-can-serve-and-volley-at-says-former-atp-ace/ |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> Harbinsa na boje ƙwallo a kusa da raga ([[drop shot]]) mai cike da baje fasaha shine mabudin wasansa. Nauyin harbin ƙasarsa yana tura abokan karawarsa zuwa bayan fili, wanda hakan ke sa drop shots ɗinsa ke da wuyar kaiwa. An lura da 'yar fifikonsa na amfani da forehand drop shots fiye da backhand a matsayin wani abu da ba a saba gani ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Shot Has Carlos Alcaraz Popularised? |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/forehand-drop-shot-success-alcaraz-2023 |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> [[Andy Roddick]] ya bayyana cewa drop shot na Alcaraz shine "mafi kyau a tarihin tennis".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Callum |date=14 July 2024 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz has one shot that is the best in the history of tennis ahead of Wimbledon final |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-has-one-shot-that-is-the-best-in-the-history-of-tennis-ahead-of-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wasu 'yan wasa da masu sharhi sun yaba wa Alcaraz a matsayin wanda ke da alhakin karuwar amfani da drop shot a tsakanin dukkanin gasassakin kwararru a 'yan shekarun nan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=21 May 2025 |title=Drop by drop: Carlos Alcaraz leads shift back to the most deft shot in tennis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/21/drop-shot-tennis-carlos-alcaraz-clay-french-open |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleshare |first=Charlie |date=28 May 2025 |title=Drop shots in tennis go from eccentric to essential, with some help from Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6384608/2025/05/28/tennis-drop-shot-how-why-best-players/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Alcaraz ya sami yabo saboda halayensa na motsa jiki da na jiki. Musamman ma, gudu na kai tsaye, ikon maida hari, da babban saurin ƙafafunsa sun sa ana kwatanta shi da [[Rafael Nadal]]. An kwatanta shi da [[Novak Djokovic]] saboda motsin gefensa mai ƙarfi da rufe fili, wanda tsaga ƙafafu na jiki (splits) da sulbi a cikin fili lokacin tsaro ke taimaka masa, musamman a bangaren backhand. Kamar [[Roger Federer]], taɓawa mai ban mamaki da hari na musamman sun kasance masu muhimmanci ga nasararsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rouquette |first1=Cédric |last2=Bourrières |first2=Rémi |last3=Cambers |first3=Simon |date=17 October 2022 |title=From Carlitos to Alcaraz, Episode 3: Attack, defence, power, touch – Alcaraz the pioneer of "total tennis" |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/how-carlitos-became-alcaraz-episode-3-attack-defence-power-touch-alcaraz-the-pioneer-of-total-tennis-629786.html |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidov |first=Liya |date=13 July 2023 |title=TECH Talk: If the Big 3 had a baby, his name would be Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125005151/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/tech-talk-big-3-came-together-baby-name-carlos-alcaraz-federer-nadal-djokovic |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=25 January 2024 |website=Tennis.com |language=en}}</ref> Djokovic ya bayyana cewa Alcaraz yana haɗa "mafi kyau daga dukkanin duniyoyi uku" na wasansa, na Federer, da kuma na Nadal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wimbledon: Novak Djokovic praises 'complete' champion Carlos Alcaraz as blend of Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal and himself after epic final |url=https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723081913/https://www.skysports.com/tennis/news/12110/12922029/wimbledon-novak-djokovic-praises-complete-champion-carlos-alcaraz-as-blend-of-roger-federer-rafael-nadal-and-himself-after-epic-final |archive-date=23 July 2024 |access-date=14 January 2025 |work=Sky Sports |language=en-GB |url-status=live}}</ref> Rashin nasarar Alcaraz yana samuwa akai-akai a gajeren wasanni, musamman a tsarin saiti biyu cikin uku (best-of-three). A wani lokaci ana sukarsa saboda rashin daidaiton sakamako, a dukkanin wasanni da lokutan gasar (seasons).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilander's honest diagnosis of Alcaraz's problem: "He is going to be quite inconsistent" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2025/04/01/wilanders-honest-diagnosis-of-alcarazs-problem-he-is-going-to-be-quite-inconsistent |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz da kansa ya yi ikirarin cewa ba ya iya yin wasa mai kyau ba tare da yana jin dadin kansa a fili ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciriza |first=Alejandro |date=26 April 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the last great virtuoso of tennis |url=https://english.elpais.com/sports/2023-04-26/carlos-alcaraz-the-last-great-virtuoso-of-tennis.html |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref> Amsar Alcaraz sau da yawa ana yaba mata saboda kirkirar fasaha a fili da kyan gani na wasansa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=27 March 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is the most exciting player in men's tennis and he will only get better |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/27/carlos-alcaraz-is-the-best-in-the-world-and-he-is-only-going-to-get-better |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=10 June 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz is already remarkable but has plenty of improvement still to come |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jun/10/tennis-french-open-carlos-alcaraz |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An bayyana shi sau da yawa a matsayin "mutum mai samar da bidiyoyi masu kayatarwa" (human highlight reel).<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Briggs |first1=Simon |last2=Amako |first2=Uche |date=2 September 2023 |title=Human highlight reel Carlos Alcaraz and Dan Evans entertain fans in thrilling US Open battle |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/09/02/us-open-carlos-alcaraz-dan-evans-live-score-updates-norrie/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Futterman |first=Matthew |date=13 January 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz, tennis highlight reel, exits ATP Tour Finals knowing how to improve |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5924985/2024/11/15/carlos-alcaraz-tennis-highlights-atp-tour-finals-result/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=1 July 2023 |title='He's a human highlight reel': the star power of tennis player Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/star-power-tennis-player-carlos-alcaraz-wimbledon |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya ce, "A fili yake, ina son lashe kowane wasa da nake bugawa, amma a lokaci guda, ina son jin dadi, in gwada abubuwa daban-daban, in sa mutane su ji dadin kallon tennis da kallon wasannina. Wani lokaci ina magana da kaina game da abin da ya fi muhimmanci: ko in yi nasara ko kuma in yi abubuwa masu kyau."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jenkins |first=Sally |date=4 September 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's attitude is as transfixing as his tennis |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/09/04/carlos-alcaraz-us-open-style/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> == Masu horarwa da tawaga (Coaches and team) == Masu horar da Alcaraz a lokacin yarinta sune Kiko Navarro da Carlos Santos.<ref name="ChildhoodCoach"/> A watan Satumban 2018, Alcaraz mai shekaru goma sha biyar ya koma [[Villena]] domin fara horo a [[Ferrero Tennis Academy]] a karkashin Jagorancin [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]], wanda ya zama kocin kansa.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=7 August 2018 |title=Juan Carlos Ferrero será el nuevo coach de Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626171617/https://www.equelite.com/jcferrerero-nuevo-coach-carlos-alcaraz/ |archive-date=26 June 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Equelite JC Ferrero Sport Academy |language=es}}</ref> Ferrero ya ƙi amincewa da buƙatun horarwa da yawa daga manyan 'yan wasa domin kawai ya horar da Alcaraz.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Ferrero enjoying life as coach of rising star Alcaraz |url=https://www.itftennis.com/en/news-and-media/articles/ferrero-enjoying-life-as-coach-of-rising-star-alcaraz/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=www.itftennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cascales: "La clave es que Alcaraz no pierda la ambición" |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/2024/11/14/cascales-clave-alcaraz-no-pierda-ambicion |access-date=11 December 2024 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=es}}</ref> Haɗin gwiwartu ta sami yabo sosai: Ferrero ya lashe lambar yabo ta [[ATP Awards|ATP Coach of the Year Award]] a shekarar 2022 da 2025. A watan Disamba na 2025, Alcaraz ba tare da tsammani ba ya sanar da cewa shi da Ferrero sun raba jiha bayan shekaru bakwai.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2025 |title=Alcaraz splits with Ferrero, who says 'I wish I could have continued' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ferrero-split-december-2025 |access-date=17 December 2025 |website=atptour.com |publisher=Association of Tennis Professionals}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, an sanar da cewa [[Samuel López (tennis coach)|Samuel López]], tsohon mamban tawagar horarwa ta Ferrero, zai shiga tawagar Alcaraz domin yin aiki a karkashin Ferrero a matsayin kochi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Alcaraz adds Samuel Lopez to his coaching team |url=https://www.tennismajors.com/atp/alcaraz-adds-samuel-lopez-to-his-coaching-team-798371.html |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis Majors |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan tashi daga aikin na Ferrero, ya zama babban kocin Alcaraz na lokacin gasar 2026.<ref name="Jurejko" /> Alcaraz ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ma'aikata iri ɗaya kusan tun lokacin da ya zo tour. Tawagarsa ta haɗa da mai horar da motsa jiki Alberto Lledó, mai maganin gargajiya/taimakon jiki (physiotherapist) Juanjo Moreno, likita Juanjo López, da kuma wakili Albert Molina. Ɗan uwansa Álvaro yana aiki a matsayin mai taya shi [[hitting partner|horon harbi]] na tsawon lokaci kuma, tun daga 2026, kocin taimakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This is how Carlos Alcaraz's team looks ahead to 2025 |url=https://www.puntodebreak.com/en/2024/12/13/this-is-how-carlos-alcarazs-team-looks-ahead-to-2025 |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Puntodebreak.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carlos Alcaraz reveals why brother Alvaro will 'take on more prominence' in his team|url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-reveals-brother-will-take-on-more-prominence-as-new-team-role-emerges|website=Tennis365|date=2026-01-23|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en|first=Oli Dickson|last=Jefford}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Alcaraz ya naɗa abokinsa na ƙuruciya Fran Rubio a matsayin ƙarin physiotherapist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Shahida |date=5 February 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz adds close friend and trusted figure to his team |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-adds-close-friend-and-trusted-figure-to-his-coaching-team |access-date=26 April 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma yana aiki da masanin halayyar dan adam na wasanni Isabel Balaguer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 July 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz sees psychologist in bid to beat Novak Djokovic on Centre Court |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2023/07/15/carlos-alcaraz-psychologist-novak-djokovic-wimbledon-final/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> == Waje da filin wasa (Off the court) == === Yarjejeniyar tallata samfura (Endorsements) === Nike ke ɗaukar nauyin Alcaraz wajen sutura da takalma, sannan Babolat yana ɗaukar nauyinsa wajen raket na wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |title=Brands That Sponsor Carlos Alcaraz |date=8 September 2021 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403192832/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-sponsors-brands-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Yana yin wasa da raket din Babolat Pure Aero 98, tare da zare na RPM Team.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |title='There will never be another Rafa. I am Carlos.' |work=Babolat.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052956/https://www.babolat.com/us/heroes-players-blog-carlos-alcaraz/carlos-alcaraz.html?section=heroes |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin Rolex.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |title=Tennis – Rolex Timeless Luxury Watches |work=Rolex.com |date= |access-date=7 May 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516181416/https://www.rolex.com/world-of-rolex/tennis.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Now a Rolex Ambassador |date=23 January 2022 |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521225311/https://tennisfansite.com/carlos-alcaraz-rolex-ambassador/ |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, ya fito a cikin yakin tallata tufafin cikin gida na kamfanin kera sutura na Amurka Calvin Klein na shekarar 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bein |first=Kat |date=10 January 2023 |title=Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Strips Down For Calvin Klein Underwear Campaign |url=http://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311171114/https://gothammag.com/carlos-alcaraz-calvin-klein-underwear-campaign-pictures-gray-sorrenti |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |magazine=Gotham Magazine}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, ya zama ambassadan alamar Louis Vuitton.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hess |first=Liam |date=28 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is Louis Vuitton's Newest Ambassador |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703164528/https://www.vogue.com/article/carlos-alcaraz-louis-vuitton-ambassador-announcement |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=28 June 2023 |website=Vogue}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma ambassada ne na bankin Brazil Itaú Unibanco,<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz estrela nova campanha de Itaú Personnalité sobre tênis |url=https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=propmark |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626122423/https://propmark.com.br/carlos-alcaraz-estrela-nova-campanha-de-itau-personnalite-sobre-tenis/ |archive-date=26 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kamfanin kayan kwalliyar fata na kasar Sifaniya Isdin,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz, the new tennis star |publisher=Isdin.com |date=12 September 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194358/https://www.isdin.com/blog/conoce-isdinlovers/ |url-status=live}}</ref> kamfanin abinci na Sifaniya ElPozo,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz is Brand Ambassador for ELPOZO |work=ElPozo Alimentación – |publisher=Elpozo.com |date=13 June 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=17 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717232420/https://www.elpozo.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-is-brand-ambassador-for-elpozo/ |url-status=live}}</ref> da kuma kamfanin kera motoci na Jamus BMW a karkashin reshensu na BMW Spain.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |title=Carlos Alcaraz talks with the youngest in his official presentation with BMW Spain |newspaper=BMW Group Pressclub |publisher=BMW Group |date= |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010194405/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/spain/article/detail/T0403868ES/carlos-alcaraz-conversa-con-los-m%C3%A1s-j%C3%B3venes-en-su-presentaci%C3%B3n-oficial-con-bmw-espa%C3%B1a?language=es |url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2025, Alcaraz ya zama ambassadan kamfanin abinci na kasa da kasa Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danone X Alcaraz |url=https://www.danone.com/newsroom/press-releases/danone-x-alcaraz.html |access-date=24 June 2025 |website=www.danone.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watan kuma, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar ruwan kwalba na Faransa Evian, wanda yake karkashin kamfanin Danone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Evian snaps up Carlos Alcaraz as brand ambassador |url=https://www.marketing-beat.co.uk/2025/06/26/carlos-alcaraz-evian-brand/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2025, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassadan alamar YoPRO, alamar yogurt mai dauke da sinadarin gina jiki mai yawa wadda ita ma ke karkashin Danone, tare da 'yar uwar alamar Oikos.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandelwal |first=Aashay |date=16 July 2025 |title=YoPRO fortifies active lifestyles with Carlos Alcaraz's partnership |url=https://sportsmintmedia.com/yopro-fortifies-active-lifestyles-with-carlos-alcaraz-partnership/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=SportsMint Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oster |first=Danielle |title=Oikos Names Tennis Star Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/408374/oikos-names-tennis-star-carlos-alcaraz-global-bran.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=www.mediapost.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, kamfanin Babolat wanda ya dade yana daukar nauyin Alcaraz ya sanar da fitar da jerin raket da jakunkuna na kasuwanci na "Carlitos Junior" domin matasan 'yan wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Europa |date=2026-02-17 |title=Babolat lanza la primera gama Carlitos junior inspirada en Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.europapress.es/deportes/tenis-00166/noticia-babolat-lanza-primera-gama-carlitos-junior-inspirada-carlos-alcaraz-20260217131949.html |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=www.europapress.es}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2026, Alcaraz ya zama ambassada na Sunreef Yachts, kuma ya sayi jirgin ruwa na Ultima 88 catamaran, biyo bayan shawara daga abokin ambassadanci Rafael Nadal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-25 |title=Tennis player Carlos Alcaraz buys Sunreef Ultima 88 catamaran |url=https://www.superyachttimes.com/yacht-news/carlos-alcaraz-buys-sunreef-ultima-88-catamaran |access-date=2026-03-25 |website=SYT}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2026, an sanar da shi a matsayin ambassada na kamfanin fasaha na kasa da kasa na Indiya Infosys, wanda kuma yake samar da bayanan tennis ga ATP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Infosys |title=7-Time Grand Slam Champion Carlos Alcaraz is Infosys Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/7-time-grand-slam-champion-carlos-alcaraz-is-infosys-global-brand-ambassador-302743087.html |access-date=2026-06-30 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2026, ya zama ambassada na Ant International, reshen biyan kudi da fasahar kudi (fintech) na kasar Singapore wanda ke karkashin kamfanin Ant Group na kasar Sinar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-19 |title=Ant International Names Tennis World No. 1 Carlos Alcaraz Global Brand Ambassador |url=https://www.financemagnates.com/fintech/ant-international-names-tennis-world-no-1-carlos-alcaraz-global-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=Financial and Business News {{!}} Finance Magnates |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, Forbes ta yi iyakar kimanta cewa Alcaraz shi ne ɗan wasan tennis mai fafatawa mafi samun kudin shiga, ta hanyar hada kudin tallace-tallace da kudaden kyaututtukan nasara, a shekara ta biyu a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knight |first=Brett |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2024 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2024/08/23/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2024/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2025">{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Brett |date=22 August 2025 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Tennis Players 2025 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brettknight/2025/08/22/the-worlds-highest-paid-tennis-players-2025/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |magazine=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Sportico ta yi kiyasin cewa Alcaraz shi ne dan wasan motsa jiki na goma a duniya mafi samun kudi daga tallata samfura (ba a tsallake kudaden kyaututtuka ba) a shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Badenhausen |first=Kurt |date=2026-01-14 |title=Highest-Paid Athletes in the World: Ronaldo Leads Top 100 With $260M |url=https://www.sportico.com/personalities/athletes/2026/worlds-highest-paid-athletes-cristiano-ronaldo-1234880803/ |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=Sportico.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === A cikin kafafen yanar gizo da al'adu da aka sani (In the media and popular culture) === Alcaraz ya bayyana a lokuta biyu na shirin docuseries na Netflix na Break Point,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |title=What happened after Carlos Alcaraz and Holger Rune's Wimbledon clash on 'Break Point' Season 2? |website=[[tennis.com]] |date=10 January 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |archive-date=19 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719023609/https://www.tennis.com/baseline/articles/what-happened-carlos-alcaraz-holger-rune-wimbledon-break-point-season-2-episode-2-summary-recap-coach |url-status=live}}</ref> kuma ya fafata da Rafael Nadal a The Netflix Slam, wani wasan tennis na kai tsaye da MGM Resorts International ta shirya a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Donelly |first=Matt |date=March 4, 2024 |title=The Netflix Slam Gave Great Live Tennis – And Even Better Streaming Marketing |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304204808/https://variety.com/2024/film/news/netflix-tennis-slam-nadal-alcaraz-marketing-1235929576/ |archive-date=March 4, 2024 |access-date=March 4, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Alcaraz shine mauduyu na shirin Netflix Carlos Alcaraz: My Way, wanda ya nadar da lokacin wasansa na shekarar 2024 kuma aka fitar da shi a ranar 23 ga Afirilu, 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |title=Carlos Alcaraz Sets Netflix Docuseries, Promises "Everything You Don't See on a Tennis Court" |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=14 March 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=14 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314171436/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/carlos-alcaraz-netflix-documentary-series-alcaraz-streaming-1235852200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin mai kashi uku ya maida hankali ne kan saɓani tsakanin Alcaraz da tawagarsa yayin da yake kokarin daidaita burinsa na kafa tarihi a wasan tennis da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum ta saurayi mai shekaru 21. Ya haɗa da fitowar Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Garbiñe Muguruza, Martina Navratilova, Andre Agassi, Björn Borg, da John McEnroe tare da sauran gwanayen wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |last2=Eccleshare |first2=Charlie |date=24 April 2025 |title=What Carlos Alcaraz's 'My Way' Netflix docuseries says about his tennis present and future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6304336/2025/04/24/carlos-alcaraz-my-way-netflix-review-analysis/ |access-date=26 April 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A watan Afirilun 2025, Barney Ronay na jaridar The Guardian ya bayyana Alcaraz a matsayin "dan wasa mai ban sha'awa a duniya a halin yanzu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ronay |first=Barney |date=5 April 2025 |title=Glazed Carlos Alcaraz perfect for the online world but still jarringly human |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/apr/05/glazed-carlos-alcaraz-perfect-for-the-online-world-but-still-jarringly-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> An san shi da murmushi mai faɗi da kuma kwarjini a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2023 |title=Carlos Alcaraz looks unbeatable – and has never lost his smile |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/37794353/carlos-alcaraz-looks-unbeatable-never-lost-smile |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: The smile, grit & history-making |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-it-all-adds-up |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami kulawar kafafen yanar gizo sosai a waje da filin wasa saboda rayuwarsa ta sirri, musamman tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa Ibiza.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carayol |first=Tumaini |date=15 June 2025 |title=Buoyant Carlos Alcaraz to continue with his mid-season party breaks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/15/carlos-alcaraz-french-open-ibiza-queens-club-tennis |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Briggs |first=Simon |date=15 June 2025 |title=A year after angering his boss with a session in Ibiza, Carlos Alcaraz is at it again |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tennis/2025/06/15/carlos-alcaraz-ibiza-party-celebrate-french-open-win/ |access-date=24 June 2025 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Zabubbukan askin gashinsa na Alcaraz, musamman askinsa na ras (buzz cut) da bai tsara ba a gasar US Open ta 2025 da kuma fenti rawaya da ya sa wa gashinsa daga baya, sun dauki hankalin kafofin yada labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-26 |title=Carlos Alcaraz's shaved head makes its US Open debut in his first-round win |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-open-2025-carlos-alcaraz-haircut-f051897769c252a05629f2d020572d89 |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-24 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Debuts His Boldest Haircut Yet at Rolex Paris Masters |url=https://www.si.com/onsi/serve/style/carlos-alcaraz-debuts-his-boldest-haircut-yet-at-rolex-paris-masters |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=Serve On SI |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi da yin zanen jiki (tattoo) domin tunawa da nasarorin gasar Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-17 |title=Australian Open 2025 results: Carlos Alcaraz plans kangaroo tattoo, Novak Djokovic wins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/articles/cj65576e66ko |access-date=2025-12-22 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Jaridar The New York Times ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "mutane mafi gayu" na shekarar 2025, kuma GQ ta zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tennis maza mafi gayu a kowane lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Styles Desk |date=2025-12-07 |title=The 67 Most Stylish People of 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/07/style/best-dressed-people-2025.html |access-date=2025-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Remsen |first=Nick |date=2026-08-20 |title=The 18 Most Stylish Men’s Tennis Players of All Time |url=https://www.gq.com/story/most-stylish-male-tennis-players-ever |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=GQ |language=en-US}}</ref> A gasar US Open ta 2026, Nike ta kaddamar da tarin tufafin wasa na Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Performance Collection tare da hadin gwiwar Alcaraz da Travis Scott, wanda Alcaraz ya sanya a filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Buy: Cactus Jack x Carlos Alcaraz Nike Performance Collection |url=https://houseofheat.co/nike/travis-scott-x-nike-zoom-vapor-12-hc-jj2180-100 |access-date=2026-08-31 |website=House of Heat° |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, an samu muhawara a kafofin yada labarai lokacin da Alcaraz ya fasa raket dinsa a bainar jama'a a karon farko a lokacin wasa a Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Alcaraz sorry for overreaction, destroying racket |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/tennis/story/_/id/40895640/carlos-alcaraz-apologizes-smashing-racket-tough-loss |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ya gabatar da hakuri a bainar jama'a.<ref name="RacquetSmash" /> Alcaraz kuma an san shi da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa game da lafiyar kwakwalwa da kafofin yada labarai. Bayan rashin nasararsa a gasar US Open ta 2024, ya bayyana cewa, "Na dauki matakai baya, kamar ban komai da kyau a bangaren lafiyar kwakwalwa, ba ni da karfi. Ban san yadda zan sarrafa kaina ba yayin da nake fuskantar matsaloli kuma ban san yadda zan bi da shi ba."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: 'I feel like I've gone backwards mentally' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-us-open-2024-r2-reaction-spanish |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Biyo bayan rashin nasara a Indian Wells a shekarar 2025, ya amince cewa ya ji "rashin natsuwa a duk tsawon ranar", kuma bayan nasara a Monte Carlo bayan wata daya, ya ce ya kasance yana "fuskantar matsaloli wajen shiga filin wasa" har ma ya yi tunanin daukar dogon hutu daga wasan tennis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nervous Carlos Alcaraz: I worried more about Draper than my own game |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-indian-wells-2025-semifinal-reaction |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Montegan |first=Christian |date=14 April 2025 |title='I was struggling': Alcaraz wins Monte Carlo after 'tough month', sends mental health reminder |url=https://www.thefirstserve.com.au/post/i-was-struggling-alcaraz-wins-monte-carlo-tough-month-sends-reminder-that-players-are-human |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The First Serve |language=en}}</ref> Masu sharhi daban-daban, ciki har da Andy Roddick, Boris Becker, da Andrea Petkovic, sun jaddada irin gaskiyarsa ta musamman game da lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Llewellyn |first=Liam |date=23 April 2025 |title=Andy Roddick says Carlos Alcaraz is currently doing something which no tennis player before him ever has |url=https://www.thetennisgazette.com/news/andy-roddick-says-carlos-alcaraz-is-currently-doing-something-which-no-tennis-player-before-him-ever-has/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=The Tennis Gazette |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Ethan |date=19 March 2025 |title=Roddick Questions Alcaraz's Openness About Mental Insecurity Following Indian Wells Loss |url=https://motorcyclesports.net/roddick-questions-alcarazs-openness-about-mental-insecurity-following-indian-wells-loss/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=M Sports |language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=West |first=Ewan |date=25 April 2025 |title=Boris Becker warns Carlos Alcaraz's team they are 'demanding too much' of him |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/boris-becker-warning-carlos-alcaraz-mental-health-advice |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> An saka Alcaraz a cikin jerin sunaye na Time 100 Next a shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next: Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-next-2022/6213921/carlos-alcaraz/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, an haɗa shi a cikin jerin sunaye na ''50 Names in the Boardroom''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=The List: 50 Names In The Boardroom |url=https://boardroom.tv/2025-the-list-cover-story/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Boardroom |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ayyukan jin ƙai === A watan Afrilun 2024, Alcaraz ya ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da gidauniyar Carlos Alcaraz Garfia Foundation, da nufin inganta rayuwar yara marasa galihu. Gidauniyar tana da hedkwatarta a El Palmar kuma tana gudanar da ayyukanta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da makarantun yankin.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |title=Alcaraz launches foundation to support children in need |date=26 April 2024 |access-date=21 May 2024 |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090834/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-foundation-launch-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |language=spanish |title=Fundación Alcaraz |access-date=21 May 2024 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521090836/https://fundacionalcaraz.org/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Gidauniyar Alcaraz ta samar da motocin bas don sufurin masu aikin sa-kai bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta gaggawa a Valencia a shekara ta 2024, inda a lokacin guda Alcaraz da Juan Carlos Ferrero suka gudanar da gwanjon sadaka domin tara kuɗaɗe ga waɗanda lamarin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciotti |first=Lorenzo |date=6 November 2024 |title=Carlos Alcaraz and coach Ferrero help Valencians hit by dramatic flood |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Tennis_Stories/149583/carlos-alcaraz-and-coach-ferrero-help-valencians-hit-by-dramatic-flood/ |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2024, Alcaraz ya ƙaddamar da baje koli na gidauniyarsa mai taken "Los Pies en la Tierra" a Murcia, yana mai fito da muhimmancin ba da daidaiton damammaki ga yara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Carlos Alcaraz Foundation inaugurates its Los Pies en la Tierra exhibition |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-foundation-exhibition-inauguration |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Baje kolin ya zagaya zuwa sauran yankunan ƙasar Sifaniya, gami da Madrid da Seville, a shekarun 2025 da 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Los tesoros de Alcaraz darán el salto de Murcia a toda España |url=https://castellonplaza.com/castellonplaza/deportes4966/los-tesoros-de-alcaraz-daran-el-salto-de-murcia-a-toda-espana |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Castellón Plaza |language=es}}</ref> === Sa hannu a sauran wasanni === Alcaraz masoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke goyon bayan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sifaniya ta Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Real Madrid Stars Support Carlos Alcaraz |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-real-madrid-vini-rodrygo-madrid-2023 |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2026, ya gabatar da kofin duniya na FIFA a madadin Louis Vuitton kafin wasan ƙarshe na tsakanin Sifaniya da Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waller |first=Thomas |date=2026-07-20 |title=Louis Vuitton Sets the Stage for Spain’s World Cup Victory |url=https://wwd.com/pop-culture/celebrity-news/louis-vuitton-trophy-trunk-spains-world-cup-2026-victory-1239076049/ |access-date=2026-07-21 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> An san shi sosai wajen nuna goyon baya na fili ga sauran 'yan wasan Sifaniya da dama, ciki har da matuƙin motar Formula One Fernando Alonso da kuma ɗan wasan MMA ɗan asalin Jojiya da Sifaniya Ilia Topuria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz's Passion For F1: 'What Fernando Alonso Is Doing Is Crazy!' |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-formula-one-miami-2023-feature |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz meets Ilia Topuria in Madrid |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-madrid-2024-ilia-topuria-meeting |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> Alcaraz kuma gwanin taka leda ne a wasannin golf da na ciki (chess). A shekara ta 2023, dandalin Chess.com ya ƙira wani na'urar robot (bot) na Carlos Alcaraz wanda kowane mai amfani da dandalin zai iya ƙalubalanta a shafin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz The Chess Player |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-chess-feature-november-2023 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Timelines na sakamakon gasar Grand Slam === {{Performance key|short=yes}} ''Zuwa gasar [[2026 US Open – Men's singles|2026 US Open]].'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!SR!!W–L!!Rabon Nasara % |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Australian Open |A |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=eaecf0|1 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|18–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=18|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|French Open |style=background:#ecf2ff|Q1 |bgcolor=afeeee|3R |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|25–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=25|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|Wimbledon |style=color:#767676|NH |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=afeeee|4R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |style=background:thistle|F |A |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 5 |bgcolor=eaecf0|24–3 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=24|lost=3|integer=yes}} |- | style="text-align:left; background:#eaecf0"|US Open |A |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=yellow|SF |bgcolor=afeeee|2R |bgcolor=lime|'''W''' |bgcolor=ffebcd|QF |bgcolor=eaecf0|2 / 6 |bgcolor=eaecf0|28–4 |bgcolor=eaecf0|{{tennis win percentage|won=28|lost=4|integer=yes}} |- style="background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold" |style=textalign:left|Nasara–Kaye |0–0 |8–4 |16–3 |17–2 |19–2 |24–2 |11–1 |7 / 21 |95–14 |{{tennis win percentage|won=95|lost=14|integer=yes}} |} === Wasan karshe na gasar Grand Slam === ==== Guda daya: 8 (7 kofuna, 1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="sortable wikitable nowrap" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !class=unsortable|Maki |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2022 |style=background:#ccf|US Open |Hard |{{flagicon|NOR}} Casper Ruud |6–4, 2–6, 7–6^(7–1), 6–3 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2023 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |1–6, 7–6^(8–6), 6–1, 3–6, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open |Clay |{{flagicon|GER}} Alexander Zverev |6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2024 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon <small>(2)</small> |Grass |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–2, 6–2, 7–6^(7–4) |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ebc2af|French Open <small>(2)</small> |Clay |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |{{nowrap|4–6, 6–7^(4–7), 6–4, 7–6^(7–3), 7–6^(10–2)}} |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#cfc|Wimbledon |Grass |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 4–6 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2025 |style=background:#ccf|US Open <small>(2)</small> |Hard |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–4 |- |style=background:#98fb98|Nasara |2026 |style=background:#ffc|Australian Open |Hard |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |2–6, 6–2, 6–3, 7–5 |} === Timeline din samun nasara a ATP Finals === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:96%;" !Gasar!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026!!width=35| SR !! width=35| W–L !!width=35|Rabon Nasara % |- |style="background:#efefef;" align=left|ATP Finals |colspan=2 style=color:#767676|DNQ |A{{Efn|Ya samu nasarar shiga amma bai sa mu damar bugawa ba saboda rauni}} |style=background:yellow|SF |style=background:#afeeee|RR |style=background:thistle|F | |bgcolor=efefef|0 / 3 |bgcolor=efefef|7–5 |bgcolor=efefef|{{tennis win percentage|won=7|lost=5|integer=yes}} |} === ATP Finals === ==== Guda daya: 1 (1 wanda ya zo na biyu) ==== {|class="wikitable" |- ! Sakamako ! Shekara ! Gasar ! Sama ! Abokin karawa ! class="unsortable" | Maki |- |style=background:#ffa07a|Kaye |2025 |style=background:#ffffcc|ATP Finals |Hard (i) |{{flagicon|ITA}} Jannik Sinner |6–7^(4–7), 5–7 |} === Gasar Wasannin Olimpic na Bazara === ==== Guda daya: 1 (Lambar azurfa) ==== {|class="wikitable" !Sakamako !Shekara !Gasar !Sama !Abokin karawa !width=140 class="unsortable"| Maki |- |bgcolor=FFA07A |Kaye |2024 |style=background:#ffea5c|Paris Olympics |Clay |{{flagicon|SRB}} Novak Djokovic |6–7^(3–7), 6–7^(2–7) |} == Tarihi da Rahotanni == === Tarihin duk lokaci === {| class="wikitable" !Lamari !Tun daga !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- | rowspan="2" |'''Grand Slam tournaments''' | rowspan="2" |1877 |Samun nasarar manyan kofuna biyu bayan ceto maki 1+ na match points |Rod Laver <br />Novak Djokovic |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |} === Tarihin zamanin Open Era === * Waɗannan rahotannin an same su ne a zamanin Open Era na wasan tennis da kuma cikin gasar ATP Masters 1000 tun daga shekara ta 1990. * Tarihin da ke da rubutu na '''baki mai kauri''' yana nuna nasarorin da babu wanda ya taba samun irinsu. {| class="wikitable" !Tsawon lokaci !Tarihin da aka kafa !Abonin karawa/ 'Yan wasa |- |2021 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai matakin quarterfinal a US Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2021|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="5" |2022 |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar ATP 500 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|2|21}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Miami Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|4|3}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcaraz Wins First ATP Masters 1000 Title In Miami |work=ATP Tour |url=https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404162129/https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-ruud-miami-2022-final |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Madrid Open – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|5|8}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2022 |title=Carlos Alcaraz becomes the youngest player to win the Madrid Open title |url=https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110826/https://firstsportz.com/tennis-news-carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-becomes-the-youngest-player-to-win-the-madrid-open-title/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya zama ATP world No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|9|12}}<ref name="ATPWorldNo1" /> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala shekara a matsayin ATP No. 1 – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2022|11|22}}<ref name=":0"/> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="1" |2023 |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a gasar mafi kyawun saiti uku (awanni 3, mintuna 49) |Novak Djokovic |- |rowspan="4" |2024 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofunan guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|6|9}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Joyce |title=Carlos Alcaraz Is the Youngest Man To Win Grand Slam Titles on All Three Surfaces Following French Open Win |url=https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=Hype Beast |date=9 June 2024 |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610110339/https://hypebeast.com/2024/6/carlos-alcaraz-youngest-player-win-grand-slams-all-three-surfaces-following-french-open-roland-garros-alexander-zverev-win-tennis |url-status=live}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar Channel Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|7|14}} <br /> ''Lasa gasar French Open da Wimbledon a shekara guda'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe na naɗin lambar yabo a gasar Olympic – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2024|8|2}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka samfurin fili (laka, ciyawa, da mai kauri) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="8" |2025 |Ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe kofunan ATP 500 guda ɗaya a duka filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida (indoor), da na waje (outdoor hard court) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe kofunan ATP guda ɗaya a filin laka, ciyawa, na cikin gida, da na waje – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|2|9}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ceto maki 3+ na neman nasara (championship points) domin lashe manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ya samu nasara a manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major final) daga rashin nasara a saiti biyu na farko |Björn Borg<br />Ivan Lendl<br />Andre Agassi<br />Gastón Gaudio<br />Dominic Thiem<br />Novak Djokovic<br />Rafael Nadal<br />Jannik Sinner |- |Buga wasan ƙarshe mafi tsawo a French Open da aka taɓa yi (awanni 5, mintuna 29) |Jannik Sinner |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe dukkan Big American Titles – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|8|18}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/tennis/carlos-alcaraz-creates-history-breaks-pete-sampras-31-year-old-world-record-article-152485225 |title=Carlos Alcaraz Creates History; Breaks Pete Sampras' 31-Year-Old World Record |website=Times Now |date=19 August 2025 |access-date=5 September 2025}}</ref> <br /> ''Lashe US Open, Indian Wells, Miami Open, da Cincinnati Open a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau uku a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|5}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala double career Surface Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2025|9|7}} <br /> ''Lashe kofuna masu yawa akan dukkan samfurin filaye a lokacin aikinsa'' |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |rowspan="4" |2026 |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai wasan ƙarshe a dukkan manyan gasannin kofuna (major tournament) – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kai manyan wasannin ƙarshe (major finals) na guda ɗaya har sau 4 a jere – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|1|30}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya kammala samun nasarar career Grand Slam – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}} |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |- |Ɗan wasa namiji mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe manyan kofuna bakwai guda ɗaya – {{ayd|2003|5|5|2026|2|1}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major milestone: Alcaraz completes Slam set with AO 2026 title {{!}} AO|url=https://ausopen.com/articles/news/major-milestone-alcaraz-completes-slam-set-ao-2026-title|website=ausopen.com|access-date=2026-02-01|language=en}}</ref> |'''Yana tsaye shi kaɗai''' |} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Alcaraz ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa kamar haka: '''Kyaututtukan ƙwararru''' *ATP Newcomer of the Year – 2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz On Winning Newcomer Of The Year: 'I'm So Happy' {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/carlos-alcaraz-newcomer-of-the-year-2020 |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe ATP Player of the Year – 2022, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz headlines 2025 ATP Awards; Jannik Sinner, Valentin Vacherot among winners |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/atp-awards-2025-all-winners |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Most Improved Player – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz Named Most Improved Player Of The Year In 2022 ATP Awards {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-atp-awards-2022-most-improved-player-of-the-year |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *Sau 2 ya lashe Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award – 2023, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Sam |date=9 December 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins prestigious ATP award for second time |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/carlos-alcaraz-picks-up-prestigious-award-stefan-edberg |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> *ATP Hot Shot of the Year – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz wins 2025 Hot Shot of the Year |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-best-of-2025-hot-shot |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> *ITWA Player Ambassador Award – 2025<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Clay |date=26 August 2025 |title=Van Tuinen and Varela Nahmías received awards at the ITWA 2025 Gala in New York, which also honoured Alcaraz and Gauff |url=https://www.claytenis.com/cov/itwa-gala-new-york-van-tuinen-varela-nahmias-alcaraz-gauff/ |access-date=30 August 2025 |website=CLAY |language=en}}</ref> '''Kyaututtukan kafofin sada zumunta da watsa labarai''' *Best Tennis Player ESPY Award – 2026<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2026 |title=ESPYs 2026 Winners: See the Complete List |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1433939/espys-2026-winners-see-the-complete-list-live-updates |access-date=16 July 2026 |website=E! Online}}</ref> *Sau 3 ya lashe Sports Press Association na yankin Murcia — Zakaran ɗan wasa na shekara – 2021,{{efn|Ya raba kyautar da Pedro Acosta.}} 2024, 2025<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2022 |title=Acosta and tennis star Alcaraz share top athlete award |url=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/05/18/acosta-en-el-olimpo-de-las-estrellas-de-murcia/180601 |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The Official Home of MotoGP |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz: "Talking about 2024 is complicated for me: ups and downs, hard moments of injuries and doubts" |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/tennis/2171213-carlos-alcaraz-talking-about-2024-is-complicated-for-me-ups-and-downs-hard-moments-of-injuries-and-doubts |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ilic |first=Jovica |date=28 November 2025 |title=Carlos Alcaraz named region's best athlete for 2025 – Murcia's finest |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Carlos_Alcaraz/161784/carlos-alcaraz-named-region-s-best-athlete-for-2025-murcia-s-finest/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en}}</ref> *Spanish Sportsman of the Year – 2022{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Breakthrough of the Year – 2023{{fact|date=April 2026}} *Laureus World Sportsman of the Year – 2026<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Carlos Alcaraz named Laureus World Sportsman of the Year {{!}} ATP Tour {{!}} Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-laureus-world-sportsman-of-the-year-2026 |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=ATP Tour |language=en}}</ref> '''Girmamawa''' *Lambar Yabo ta Zinare ta Yankin Murcia (''Medalla d'Or de la Región de Murcia'') – 2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2022 |title=Hot Shots: Rafael Nadal and Carlos Alcaraz celebrate in Spain |url=https://www.usopen.org/en_US/news/articles/2022-06-10/hot_shots_rafael_nadal_and_carlos_alcaraz_celebrate_in_spain.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=US Open}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Time'' 100 Next (Phenoms) – 2022<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=28 September 2022 |title=2022 TIME100 Next |url=https://time.com/collections/time100-next-2022/ |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Time}}</ref> *Zaɓen ''Forbes'' 30 Under 30 (Turai - Wasanni da Wasannin Motsa Jiki) – 2023<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=6 March 2023 |title=30 Under 30 Europe 2023 - Sports & Games |url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30/2023/europe/sports-games |access-date=5 March 2026 |magazine=Forbes}}</ref> *Kyautar Sarki Felipe (''Premio Rey Felipe'') – 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2024 |title= Alcaraz receives King Felipe Award |url= https://www.atptour.com/en/news/alcaraz-king-felipe-award-april-2024 |access-date=18 January 2026 |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> *Jerin ''Forbes'' na 'yan wasan tennis 10 mafi samun kudin shiga a duniya – 2025 (#1)<ref name="Forbes2025" /> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nssv5hucgajysfk4fx4s23mzf11xtuy 0 177236 967005 957991 2026-10-12T21:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar Alhamis, 12 ga Nuwamba, 1914, John Evans, wani baƙar fata, an kashe shi a [[Florida]]" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida, Amurka, ta hanyar taron fararen maza, mata da yara 1,500. An zargi Evans da kisan Edward Sherman, mai haɓaka fararen gidaje, da kuma harin matar Sherman, Maryamu. Bayan labarin harin ya bazu, kuma Mary Sherman ta yi iƙirarin cewa masu kai mata hari "baƙi biyu ne," bincike a duk birnin ya biyo baya.<ref name="Wilson" /> Tsoro nan da nan ya kai ga John Evans. Kwanaki biyu bayan kisan, wani rukuni wanda ya kunshi wasu daga cikin fitattun mutane da ake girmamawa sun mamaye kurkukun St. Petersburg, suka jefa igiya a wuyan Evans kuma suka yi masa tafiya zuwa mutuwarsa.<ref name="Wilson" /><ref name="McLin">{{Cite web |title=The Olive B. McLin Community History Project |url=http://faculty.usfsp.edu/jsokolov/mclin/res.3.1.html |access-date=2013-04-20 |website=The Florida Dream Continued... |publisher=The University of South Florida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428234418/http://faculty.usfsp.edu/jsokolov/mclin/res.3.1.html |archive-date=2015-04-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An rataye Evans daga wani haske a kusurwar Ninth Street South da Second Avenue. Da farko, ya ci gaba da rayuwa ta hanyar rufe ƙafafunsa a kusa da sanda mai haske. Wata farar mace da ba a san ta ba a cikin motar da ke kusa da ita ta kawo karshen gwagwarmayarsa da harsashi daya. Harbin ya kasance mai kisa, amma sauran taron sun fara harbi a jikin Evans har sai an gama harsashin su. <ref name="Wilson" /> == Tarihi == Edward Sherman ɗan shekara 55 ne mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai haɓaka ƙasa daga [[New Jersey]] Kamfen, New Jersey . <ref name="McLin" /> Shekaru da yawa ya yi aiki da ɗakin daukar hoto a kan Central Avenue, amma a cikin shekara ta 1913 ya jagoranci sha'awarsa ga inganta dukiya. Ya sayi wani yanki mai nisa a kan John's Pass Road, wanda yanzu ake kira Thirtieth Avenue North, kuma ya shirya ya juya shi zuwa sabon yankin St. Petersburg, wanda ake kira Wildwood Gardens. Baya ga wani bungalow mai hawa daya da ya gina wa kansa da matarsa, har yanzu ba a inganta ƙasar ba. Ginin yana da rabin mil daga maƙwabcinsa mafi kusa, wanda a lokacin an dauke shi a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="Wilson" /> Sherman yana da baƙar fata 11 da ke aiki a kan dukiyarsa. Har zuwa 'yan kwanaki kafin kisan, John Evans ya kasance daya daga cikinsu. Evans, wanda ya zo daga Dunnellon zuwa St. Petersburg 'yan makonni kawai da suka gabata, yana aiki ga Sherman a matsayin direban mota kuma yana yin wasu ayyuka marasa kyau. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, kwana uku kafin kisan, Sherman ya kori Evans. Ba a san dalilin ba, amma wani masani ya ce Evans kamar yana da fushi. A daren mutuwarsa, Edward Sherman ya kwanta a kusa da karfe 8 na yamma, yana barci a cikin wani alcove tare da ƙananan windows a kowane gefe da manyan biyu a gaba. Matarsa, Mary Sherman, tana zaune a cikin ɗakin da ke kusa, tana yin kwando na Kirsimeti daga ciyawa da allurar pine. Da misalin karfe 10 na yamma, an harbe bindiga kuma Mrs. Sherman ta gudu zuwa ɗakin kwana inda mijinta ya kwanta, sai kawai ta ga fashewar ta busa kwanyar sa. Ta ce wani baƙar fata ya rataye bindiga a fuskarta, ya bukaci kudi kuma ya yi barazanar kashe ta. Kodayake ta ba da kusan dala ɗari, Misis Sherman ta ce wani baƙar fata na biyu ya ja ta waje, ya buge ta da bututu kuma ya tsage wasu tufafinta.<ref name="Wilson" /> Ba ta bayyana a bayyane cewa an yi mata fyade ba, amma labaran jarida da aka buga bayan gaskiyar ta nuna cewa ita ce. Mutanen biyu sun gudu kuma Mrs. Sherman ta ce ta fadi. Lokacin da ta farka ta ga gawar mijinta, sai ta sake farfadowa. Ta sake farkawa da misalin karfe 3 na safe kuma ta yi tuntuɓe zuwa gidan maƙwabci. An aika saƙon daga gida zuwa gida har sai an kai shi zuwa ɗaya tare da tarho. An sanar da 'yan sanda game da lamarin kuma kalmar ta bazu a duk faɗin al'umma cewa baƙar fata biyu sun kai hari ga Shermans.<ref name="Wilson" /> An kai Mrs. Sherman zuwa Asibitin Tunawa da Augusta inda aka ce tana "kusa da mutuwa".Yayin da ta zo, ta gaya wa 'yan sanda cewa ta yi tunanin ta gane muryar Evans a lokacin harin. Evans ya zama babban wanda ake zargi. An kai shi hannun 'yan sanda, amma lokacin da aka kawo shi gaban Mrs. Sherman don tantancewa, ba za ta iya sanya shi a matsayin mai kai mata hari ba kuma an sake shi.<ref name="Wilson" /> Wani mutum na biyu, Ebenezer B. Tobin, an kuma zarge shi da laifin kuma an kawo shi kurkukun gundumar a Clearwater, duk da ikirarin mataimakin da ya kama cewa bai shiga ba. Sheriffs sun ci gaba da labarai game da kamawa don haka ba za a ƙarfafa taron jama'a su shiga cikin kurkuku kuma su dauki al'amuran a hannunsu ba. Kashegari da safe, jita-jita sun bazu ta hanyar baki da kuma jigon jarida mai ban sha'awa. Damuwa da fushi sun haifar da farautar fararen fata masu dauke da makamai. An tsare daruruwan baƙar fata kuma an yi musu tambayoyi, kuma a wasu lokuta an yi musu mummunan rauni. Jama'a sun yi tsalle-tsalle a kusa da birnin suna neman wadanda ake zargi, wasu ma suna share dazuzzuka a arewacin garin. Hukumar St. Petersburg ta ba da umarnin rufe dukkan saloons amma Central Avenue ya kasance cike da mutane har zuwa tsakar dare yayin da fararen mazauna suka ci gaba da yin hasashe game da wurin maharan.<ref name="Wilson" /> Baƙar fata sun gudu, da yawa sun kwashe unguwarsu. Wasu sun ɗauki jiragen kasa, wasu sun yi tafiya tare da waƙoƙin Atlantic Coast Line, wasu kuma sun ɗauki jiragen ruwa.<ref name="Wilson" /> Kimanin mutane ɗari masu dauke da makamai sun kewaye Asibitin Tunawa da Augusta, inda suka yi niyyar hana tserewa daga duk wanda ake zargi da kawowa gaban Mrs. Sherman. <ref name="Wilson" /> A ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba, rundunonin sojoji sun mamaye gidajen baƙi da sassafe kuma sun kai mutane shida kurkuku. Ɗaya daga cikin rukuni ya harbe harbe uku a kan wani baƙar fata da ke tafiya shi kaɗai a kan titin tara na Kudu.<ref name="Wilson" /> Wani rukuni da ya mamaye wani gida a garin Methodist, inda Evans ya zauna, ya sami rigar jini da takalma, wanda wani mazaunin ya ce Evans ne. Kodayake wannan mazaunin daga baya ya musanta bayaninsa, rundunar ta dauki shi a matsayin isasshen shaida don sake bin Evans.<ref name="Wilson" /> Bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku, Evans ya tafi aiki ga wani baƙar fata a kan Fifth Avenue South da Twenty-second Street. Wani ya bayyana inda yake ga 'yan sanda, wadanda suka ba da umarni ga rundunar. Lokacin da taron suka sami Evans, sun kusan kashe shi nan take. Maimakon haka, sun yi ƙoƙari su cire ikirarin Evans ta hanyar azabtarwa. Bayan sa'o'i ba tare da nasara ba, taron jama'a sun dawo da Evans a gaban Mrs. Sherman wanda, kuma, ba zai iya gane shi a matsayin daya daga cikin masu kisan mijinta ba ko kuma a matsayin mai kai mata hari.<ref name="Wilson" /> Duk da haka, an dawo da Evans zuwa kurkukun birni, inda taron jama'a, 1,500, suka taru. Bayan sun yi barazanar kashe mai kula da kurkuku, E. H. Nichols, taron jama'a sun rushe wani bangare na bangon kurkukun, suka jefa igiya a wuyan Evans kuma suka ja shi cikin titi.<ref name="Wilson" /> Akalla rabin fararen mutanen garin sai suka yi tafiya zuwa yammacin Central Avenue zuwa yankin baƙar fata na birnin inda aka kashe Evans. Wani mai shaida ya tuna da lamarin, "ƙananan yara da bindigogi sun harbe su', kuma mata sun tsaya a can suna harbe su' kuma suna kururuwa da kuma - da harbe-harbe'. Wannan shi ne mafi munin rikici da kuka taɓa ji a rayuwarku, ba ku taɓa jin wani abu kamar shi ba. <ref name="Wilson" /> == Manazarta == cg14c7dj0nynup3zfjcypyqr0wsa8wm 0 177403 967007 959169 2026-10-12T22:12:05Z M Bash Ne 12403 967007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''William Weed Kaufmann''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Nuwambar shekara ta, 1918 - 14 ga Disambar shekarar, 2008) ya kasance masanin dabarun makamin nukiliya ne, na ƙasar Amurka kuma mai ba da shawara ga Sakataren tsaro bakwai, wanda ya ba da shawarar sauyawa daga dabarun ramuwar gayya ga [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] a yayin harin nukiliya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Kaufmann a Manhattan a ranar 10 ga Nuwambar shekara ta 1918, ga Charles da Antoinette Kaufmann . Shi ne na huɗu cikin yara shida. A wajen Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da Kaufmann ke da shekaru 10. Ya halarci Makarantar Choate a Wallingford, Connecticut, inda abokan karatunsa suka haɗa da [[John F. Kennedy]]. Ya halarci Jami'ar Yale, inda ya sami digiri na farko a karatun ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 1939. == Ayyuka == Kaufmann ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Sama na Sojojin Amurka a lokacin yaƙin duniya na biyu . Bayan yakin, ya koma Yale kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a cikin shekarar 1947 da kuma digiri na biyu, duka biyu a cikin karatun ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya kasance a cikin ɓangaren koyarwa a Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Yale har zuwa shekara ta 1951, lokacin da yake cikin ƙungiyar da ta bar kuma ta kafa Cibiyar Nazaren Ƙasa da Ƙasa a Jami'ar Princeton. Yayinda yake a Princeton a tsakiyar shekarar 1950, ya rubuta "Limited War", takarda da ta yi jayayya don faɗaɗa sojojin gargajiya na Yammacin Turai, maimakon dogaro da makaman nukiliya, don hana mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet. A shekara ta 1956, Kamfanin RAND ya hayar da shi. Ya zama memba na fannin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a cikin shekarar 1961 kuma ya ɗauki matsayi a wannan shekarar tare da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin duka biyu na shekaru da yawa. Daga baya ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin Makarantar Harvard Kennedy da Cibiyar Brookings. Ra'ayin counterforce, wanda Kaufmann da sauransu suka kirkira, shi ne cewa martani ga mamayewar Yammacin Turai ta Tarayyar Soviet ya kamata ya zama ma'auni na martani, wanda zai fara da hare-haren da aka yi niyya na kayan soja wanda zai iya karawa zuwa hare-hare kan birane idan ba a dakatar da tashin hankali ba. Fata ita ce za a iya kauce wa yakin nukiliya. Shirin ya bambanta da hanyar mayar da martani mai yawa da Janar Curtis LeMay na [[United States Air Force|Sojojin Sama na Amurka]] ya bayar a Strategic Air Command inda Amurka ta mayar da martana ga mamayar Soviet, har ma ba tare da hare-haren nukiliya ba, zai zama makaman nukiliya a duk manyan wuraren soja da farar hula a Tarayyar Soviet da abokanta, wanda zai iya haifar da daruruwan miliyoyin mutuwar.<ref name="NYTObit" /> Sakataren Tsaro na Amurka Robert McNamara ne ya hayar Kaufmann bayan Shugaba John F. Kennedy ya hau mulki, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin McNamara's Whiz Kids. McNamara ya haɗa da wasu daga cikin shawarwarin Kaufmann a cikin dabarun nukiliya da yake tasowa. Wani labarin na shekarar 1986 a cikin ''Harkokin Waje'' ya kira Kaufmann "mutumin da zai iya zama mutum mafi masaniya a wannan ƙasa akan kasafin kuɗin tsaro na ƙarni na 25 da ya gabata". A cikin wani rahoto da aka rubuta tare da John D. Steinbruner a cikin shekarar 1991 don Brookings Institution, bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Kaufmann ya yi imanin cewa Amurka za ta iya cika wajibai na tsaro bayan [[Cold War|Yaƙin Cold]] bayan rage kashe Kudin soja da kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Rahoton ya lura cewa "ikon Amurka na gaba don kula da yanayin tsaronta zai dogara da ikon ɗabi'a, ƙwarewar diflomasiyya da dukiyar tattalin arziki kamar yadda yake a kan ƙarfin soja". Kaufmann ya mutu yana da shekaru 90 a ranar 14 ga watan Disambar shekarar, 2008, a Woburn, Massachusetts, na rikitarwa daga [[Cutar Alzheimer]]. == Ɗalibai na Doctoral == * Joshua M. Epstein * E. Randolph Jayne na biyu * Catherine McArdle Kelleher * Dana G. Mead * John J. Midgley * Richard Smoke * [[David N. Schwartz]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] dwn0588e6pvm6zwj6cbm98cwi6vps97 0 177475 967004 959371 2026-10-12T21:46:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jesse Washington''' dan Afirka ne mai shekaru 17 wanda [[Kashewa a Amurka|an kashe shi]] a kujerar Waco, Texas, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1916, a cikin abin da ya zama sanannen misali na kisan kai da aka sani da '''Waco Horror'''. An zargi Washington da fyade da kashe Lucy Fryer, matar fararen ma'aikacinsa a karkara Robinson, Texas. Bayan an same shi da laifi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin kisa, masu kallo sun ɗaure shi da wuyansa kuma suka ja shi daga kotun gundumar. Daga nan aka gabatar da Washington a kan titi, duk yayin da aka yi masa wuka kuma aka yi masa duka, kafin a riƙe shi kuma a yi masa castration. Daga nan aka kashe shi a gaban zauren gari na Waco. Fiye da masu kallo 10,000, ciki har da jami'an birni da 'yan sanda, sun taru don kallon harin. Akwai yanayi na biki tsakanin mutane a wasan kwaikwayon kisan, kuma yara da yawa sun halarci lokacin abincin rana. Mambobin taron sun yanke yatsunsu na Washington kuma sun rataye shi a kan wuta bayan sun cika shi da man kwal. An saukar da Washington akai-akai kuma an ɗaga shi a kan wuta na kimanin sa'o'i biyu. Bayan an kashe gobarar, an ja jikinsa da ya ƙone ta cikin garin. Wani kwararren mai daukar hoto ya ɗauki hotuna yayin da taron ya ɓace, yana ba da hotuna masu ban sha'awa na kisan kai da ke ci gaba. An buga hotunan kuma an sayar da su a matsayin katunan waya a Waco. Kodayake yawancin mazaunan Waco sun goyi bayan kisan, jaridu a duk faɗin Amurka sun yi Allah wadai da shi. Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutanen Launi (NAACP) ta hayar [[Elisabeth Freeman]] don bincike; ta gudanar da cikakken bincike a Waco, duk da rashin son mazauna da yawa suyi magana game da taron. Freeman ya kammala cewa fararen mazauna suna goyon bayan kisan Washington. Ta kuma kammala cewa Washington ta kashe Fryer, duk da cewa zargin cewa ya yi mata fyade karya ne. Bayan karɓar rahoton Freeman game da kisan kai, co-kafa NAACP kuma edita WEB Du Bois ya buga wani rahoto mai zurfi wanda ke nuna hotunan jikin Washington da aka ƙone a cikin Crisis, kuma NAACP ta nuna mutuwarsa a cikin kamfen ɗin su na kisan kai. Masana tarihi sun lura cewa mutuwar Washington ta taimaka wajen canza yadda ake kallon kisan kai. Yaduwar tallace-tallace mara kyau ya taimaka wajen hana goyon bayan jama'a ga aikin. A cikin shekarun 1990s da 2000s, wasu mazauna Waco sun yi kira ga abin tunawa da kisan gillar Washington, amma wannan ra'ayin ya kasa samun goyon baya a cikin birni. A bikin cika Shekaru ɗari na taron a watan Mayu 2016, magajin garin Waco ya gudanar da wani bikin na musamman don neman gafara ga dangin Washington da al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka. An shigar da alamar tarihi don tunawa da kisan. == Tarihi == [[File:Suspension_Bridge,_Waco,_Texas.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Katin gidan waya na 1911 na ƙungiyar mazaunan Waco a bakin kogi, yana nuni da La Grande Jatte na George Seurat, yana nuna sha'awar birnin na gabatar da kansa a matsayin wuri mai ban sha'awa]] A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, an yi dubban kisan gilla da farko a Kudancin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynchings Stats Year Dates Causes – Tuskegee University Archives |url=http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/lynching-information/lynchings-stats-year-dates-causes/ |access-date=August 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629175508/http://archive.tuskegee.edu/repository/digital-collection/lynching-information/lynchings-stats-year-dates-causes/ |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsakanin shekara ta 1890 da 1920, kimanin 'yan Afirka 3,000 da ake zargi da aikata laifuka sun kashe su ne ta hanyar' yan bindiga. An gudanar da su a waje da tsarin shari'a: an dauki wadanda ake zargi daga kurkuku da kotuna ko kuma an kashe su kafin a kama su. Magoya bayan kisan gilla sun tabbatar da aikin a matsayin hanyar tabbatar da rinjaye a kan 'yan Afirka na Afirka, wanda suka danganta da yanayin aikata laifi.{{Sfn|SoRelle|2007}}Lynching kuma ya ba da ma'anar hadin kai a cikin al'ada tare da canza yawan jama'a da tsarin iko.{{Sfn|Carrigan|2006}}Kodayake yawancin al'ummomin kudancin sun yarda da kisan kai, masu adawa da aikin sun fito, gami da wasu shugabannin addini da kuma sabuwar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutanen Launi (NAACP). {{Sfn|SoRelle|2007}} Waco, Texas, birni ne mai wadata tare da yawan jama'a sama da 30,000 a cikin shekara ta 1916. Bayan ya zama mai alaƙa da aikata laifuka a karni na 19, shugabannin al'umma sun nemi canza sunansa, suna aika da wakilai a duk faɗin Amurka don inganta shi a matsayin wuri mai ban sha'awa. A cikin shekarun 1910, tattalin arzikin Waco ya zama mai ƙarfi kuma birnin ya sami suna mai tsarki.{{Sfn|Bernstein|2006}}Wani baƙar fata na tsakiya ya fito a yankin, tare da [[Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i na Baƙar Fata a Tarihi|Kwalejin baƙar fata]] guda biyu.{{Sfn|Wood|2009}}A tsakiyar shekarun 1910, baƙi sun kasance kusan kashi ashirin cikin dari na yawan mutanen Waco.{{Sfn|Carrigan|2006}}A cikin bincikenta na shekara ta 2006 game da kisan kai, 'yar jarida Patricia Bernstein ta bayyana birnin a matsayin wanda ke da ƙananan murya" na zaman lafiya da mutunci.{{Sfn|Bernstein|2006}}Rikicin launin fata ya kasance a cikin birni: jaridu na cikin gida galibi suna jaddada laifuka da 'yan Afirka na Amurka suka aikata, kuma Sank Majors, wani baƙar fata, an kashe shi kuma an rataye shi daga gada kusa da garin Waco a cikin 1905.{{Sfn|Wood|2009}}Ƙananan masu gwagwarmayar adawa da kisan gilla sun zauna a yankin, gami da shugaban Jami'ar Baylor ta Waco.{{Sfn|Bernstein|2006}}A cikin 1916, dalilai da yawa sun haifar da karuwar wariyar launin fata na gida, gami da nuna The Birth of a Nation, fim din da ya ɗaukaka Ku Klux Klan, da kuma sayar da hotuna na wani baƙar fata da aka kashe kwanan nan a Haikali, Texas.{{Sfn|Wood|2009}} == Manazarta == jys2hk17e15xtlpl1bcly5xl3740jzy 0 177507 967058 963005 2026-10-13T05:50:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai''' ( '''ELF''' ) ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka]] ce <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=CFL or ELF, GFL? Top International players split on their pro football future |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/cfl-or-elf-gfl-top-international-players-split-on-their-pro-football-future/ |access-date=2023-05-26 |website=American Football International |language=en-US}}</ref> wacce ke da hedikwata a Turai, tana ci gaba da wasu sunayen ƙungiyoyin da suka fito daga tsohuwar ƙungiyar NFL ta Turai . Kungiyar ELF ta buga kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2021 da kungiyoyi takwas, <ref name="Hamburger">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2021 |title=Neues Hamburger Footballteam spielt im Stadion Hoheluft |url=https://www.abendblatt.de/sport/article231587759/Neues-Hamburger-Footballteam-spielt-im-Stadion-Hoheluft.html |access-date=17 February 2021 |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |language=German}}</ref> kuma tana da kungiyoyi 16 a kakar wasa ta karshe ta 2025 . Ƙungiyoyin suna cikin [[Austriya|Austria]], [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], [[Denmark]], [[Faransa]], [[Hungariya|Hungary]], [[Italiya]] [[Jamus|, Jamus]], [[Poland]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Switzerland]], da [[Turkiyya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2022 |title=ELF Erweiterung 2023: Drei Franchises stehen fest |url=https://football-austria.com/elf-erweiterung-2023-drei-franchises-stehen-fest/}}</ref> Bayan kakar wasa ta 2025, yawancin ƙungiyoyi sun bar gasar domin kafa sabuwar gasar da ake kira European Football Alliance (EFA). Sauran ƙungiyoyi sun koma sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka da aka kafa a Turai, yayin da wasu suka faɗi. == Tarihi == Patrick Esume, tsohon kocin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka kuma mai sharhi kan talabijin, kuma manajan wasanni Zeljko Karajica ne ya sanar da gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Tun daga shekarar 2018, Esume ya soki Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka (AFVD) saboda rashin amfani da damar magoya baya a Jamus, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin kafa tsarin ƙwarewa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka a Jamus da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Sanarwar gasar ta fuskanci shakku daga AFVD da kuma gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus (GFL). Shugaban AFVD Robert Huber, ya ce, "...muna da gogewa a cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata a gudanar da gasar lig-lig a Jamus da Turai kuma muna da kyakkyawar fahimta game da abin da ƙungiyoyin za su iya yi". Duk da haka, Esume ya yi imani da cewa wannan gasar za ta yi nasara saboda "ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka tana fuskantar bunƙasa a Jamus". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=A nation divided: Germany's football leaders react to the European League of Football |url=http://www.americanfootballinternational.com/a-nation-divided-germanys-football-leaders-react-to-the-european-league-of-football/ |access-date=2021-02-09 |website=American Football International |language=en-US}}</ref> Sabbin ƙungiyoyi biyu na farko da suka bayyana asalinsu sune ƙungiyar Ingolstadt Praetorians da ƙungiyar German Knights 1367 da ke Hanover, a farkon Disamba 2020. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=elf_official|title=New YouTube video live now! Check it out. Portrait of our first Franchise}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=German Knights 1367 Niedersachsen sind das ELF Team in Hannover / Hildesheim |url=https://www.american-football.com/news/german-knights-1367-niedersachsen-sind-das-elf-team-in-hannover-hildesheim-3120 |access-date=10 December 2020 |language=German}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sipaniya Gladiators Football ce ta biyo bayansu, inda ta kuma bayyana cewa za su buga wasanninsu a wajen Costa Daurada, kuma kocin CFL na dogon lokaci Adam Rita zai horar da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2021 |title=Gladiators from Spain newest addition to the European League of Football |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/gladiators-the-newest-addition-to-the-european-league-of-football |access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=Gladiators_ELF|title=ADAM RITA is our new HEAD COACH!}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2021, ƙungiyar ta sanar da yarjejeniya da NFL don samun damar amfani da sunayen tsoffin ƙungiyoyin NFL na Turai . A wannan rana, an sanar da cewa kamfanonin da ke Hamburg da Frankfurt za su yi amfani da sunayen Hamburg Sea Devils da Frankfurt Galaxy na baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2021 |title=Football-Comeback des Jahres: Hamburg Sea Devils und Frankfurt Galaxy starten in der ELF |url=https://www.ran.de/american-football/elf/elf-news/football-comeback-des-jahres-hamburg-sea-devils-und-frankfurt-galaxy-starten-in-der-elf-116073 |access-date=9 March 2021 |website=ran.de |language=German}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> Kungiyar Sea Devils ta kuma gabatar da sabon kocinta, Ted Daisher, tsohon kocin ƙungiyoyi na musamman ga ƙungiyoyin NFL da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2021 |title=Ex-NFL-Trainer Ted Daisher wird Head Coach bei Hamburg Sea Devils |url=https://www.ran.de/american-football/elf/elf-news/ex-nfl-trainer-ted-daisher-wird-head-coach-bei-hamburg-sea-devils-116281 |access-date=9 March 2021 |website=ran.de |language=German}}</ref> Daga nan aka sanar da cewa kamfanonin da ke Ingolstadt da Hannover ba su shirya fara gasar ba a shekarar 2021; an maye gurbinsu da sabbin kungiyoyi biyu a Leipzig da Cologne. Kungiyoyin da ke Cologne, Berlin, da Barcelona za su kuma ɗauki sunayen daga takwarorinsu na NFL Europe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=Shake-up to inaugural ELF line-up announced; 3 new franchises enter, 2 exit |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/shake-up-to-inaugural-elf-line-up-announced-3-new-franchises-enter-2-exit/ |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=americanfootballinternational.com}}</ref> === kakar 2021 === {| style="float:right; border:1px solid #BBB" |'''Ƙungiyoyin ELF da aka fara gabatarwa''' : {{Flagicon|ESP}}[[Barcelona Dragons (ELF)|Dodanni na Barcelona]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Berlin Thunder (ELF)|Berlin Thunder]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Cologne Centurions (ELF)|Sansanonin Cologne]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)|Galajin Frankfurt]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburg Sea Devils (ELF)|Aljanun Tekun Hamburg]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Leipzig Kings|Sarakunan Leipzig]] : {{Flagicon|POL}} [[Panthers Wrocław]] : {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Stuttgart Surge]] |} A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021 da ƙarfe 6 na yamma aka fara fara gasar ELF a Wroclaw . Ƙungiyar Panthers mai masaukin baki ta doke Cologne Centurions da ci 55-39. Frankfurt Galaxy ta lashe gasar South Division da rashin nasara sau ɗaya kacal, sannan ta doke abokiyar hamayyarta Cologne Centurions a wasan kusa da na karshe. Kungiyar Hamburg Sea Devils ce ta lashe gasar North Division, inda ta yi nasara a wasan kusa da na karshe da abokiyar hamayyarta ta rukunin Panthers Wrocław. A ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2021, wasan ƙarshe na farko na ELF ya faru kafin 22,000 a Merkur Spiel-Arena da ke Düsseldorf. A wasan kusa da na karshe, Frankfurt Galaxy ta yi nasara a kan Hamburg Sea Devils da ci 32-30. Mako guda bayan haka, an yi wasan taurari tsakanin taurarin ELF da kuma wasu 'yan wasa da ke Amurka. A watan Yunin 2021, ƙungiyar ta sanar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Brazil, Brasil Futebol Americano, wadda za ta bai wa 'yan wasa da aka zaɓa, masu horarwa da jami'ai damar musayar damammaki, da kuma yiwuwar shirya wasa tsakanin zakarun ELF da BFA a nan gaba. <ref name="Brazil">{{Cite web |date=23 June 2021 |title=ELF announces partnership agreement with Brazilian American Football |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/elf-announces-partnership-agreement-with-brazilian-federation/}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2021, gasar ta sanar da fara wasan All-Star, wanda aka gudanar mako guda bayan karshen kakar wasa, a ranar 3 ga Oktoba ( Ranar Hadin Kan Jamus ), a Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark da ke [[Berlin]] . Za a yi gasar ne da zaɓaɓɓun 'yan wasa daga ƙungiyar ELF, waɗanda za su fafata da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2021 |title=European League of Football All-Star Game |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-all-star-game |access-date=29 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713101351/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-all-star-game |archive-date=13 July 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka tsara jadawalin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, ƙungiyar taurari ta takaita ga Amurkawa huɗu, waɗanda biyu ne kawai za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a kowane lokaci. === kakar 2022 === A watan Satumba na 2021, alamun farko na sabbin ƙungiyoyi a kakar wasa ta biyu sun bayyana. An sanar da ƙungiyoyi 12 zuwa 16 don kakar wasa ta 2022. A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2021, ƙungiyar Vienna Vikings daga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Austrian Football League ta sanar da sha'awarta ta shiga ƙungiyar ELF a wani taron manema labarai. Abokin hamayyar Austria Raiders Tirol shi ma ya tabbatar da shiga gasar kwana ɗaya kafin wasan ƙarshe na ELF. A wannan rana, an gabatar da Rhein Fire daga Düsseldorf, inda ya maye gurbin wani suna daga NFL Europe. A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2021 gasar ta yi maraba da Istanbul Rams, inda aka kammala gasar rukuni na kungiyoyi goma sha biyu na kakar wasa ta 2022. A kakar wasa ta 2022, ƙungiyoyi biyu na faɗaɗa gasar Austria, Vienna Vikings da Raiders Tirol, sun kasance cikin ƙungiyoyi mafi ƙarfi a gasar. Vikings ta lashe gasar Central Conference da nasara 10 da rashin nasara 2; Raiders Tirol ta cancanci da ci 8-4 a matsayin mafi kyawun taron na biyu a gasar playoffs. Abin mamaki, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Barcelona ta lashe gasar Southern Conference da ci 8-4. Hamburg Sea Devils ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowacce a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun kuma ta lashe gasar Northern Conference. Bayan nasarar da suka samu a wasan kusa da na karshe da Dragons, Vienna Vikings ta kuma lashe gasar Championship ta 2022 da Sea Devils da ci 27-15. === kakar 2023 === An riga an sanar da ƙungiyoyi uku na faɗaɗa gasar 2023 kafin kakar wasa ta 2022: Milano Seamen daga Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Italiya, ƙungiyar ' yan wasan Fehérvár ta Hungary daga Sashen 1 na Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Austria, da kuma sabuwar ƙungiyar Helvetic Guards da aka kafa. Bugu da ƙari, a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2022 Munich da kuma a watan Satumba 2022 an gabatar da Paris da Prague a matsayin sabbin ikon mallakar kamfanoni. A ranar 16 ga Disamba 2022, ƙungiyar Istanbul Rams ta janye daga gasar. Saboda haka kakar wasa ta 2023 ta fara da ƙungiyoyi 17 daga ƙasashe tara. A lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Leipzig Kings dole ne ta janye daga gasar a ranar 10 ga Yulin 2023. A karshen mako na farko na kakar wasa ta 2023, Rhein Fire ya kafa sabon tarihi na halartar wasannin yau da kullun a wasan da Jamus ta fafata da Frankfurt Galaxy da 'yan kallo 12665. An karya tarihin a mako na biyu da Hamburg Sea Devils, wadanda suka buga wasa a karon farko a Volksparkstadion (mai daukar 'yan wasa 57,000). 'Yan kallo 32,500 ne suka halarci wasan da za su fafata da Rhein Fire. Gasar wasannin da aka saba gudanarwa ta kasance ta fi daukar hankali ne a gasar Rhein Fire a taron kasashen yamma da kuma gasar Vienna Vikings a taron kasashen gabas. Stuttgart Surge ta sami damar lashe gasar Central Conference a karkashin sabon kocinta Jordan Neuman . Frankfurt Galaxy, Panthers Wroclaw da kuma Berlin Thunder a karon farko sun cancanci shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar. A zagayen Wild Card, wanda aka gudanar a karon farko, Frankfurt da Berlin da Stuttgart da Wroclaw sun yi amfani da damar da aka samu a gida. Kungiyar Rhein Fire ta kuma yi nasara a kan Frankfurt Galaxy a wasan kusa da na karshe a filin wasanta. A wasan ƙarshe, Stuttgart Surge ta sami damar koyawa Vienna Vikings rashin nasara a gida a gasar ELF da ci 40-33. Rhein Fire ta lashe wasan karshe. === kakar 2024 === A lokacin da ake gab da kakar wasa ta 2023, an sanar da Madrid a matsayin birnin faɗaɗa gasar. Leipzig Kings ta fice daga gasar a kakar wasa ta 2023. An maye gurbin Helvetic Guards da sabuwar ƙungiyar Switzerland a watan Afrilun 2024. Madrid Bravos sun fara wasa mai kyau a gasar ELF. A mako na 2 sun doke zakaran Rhein Fire mai mulki. Duk da haka, bayan rashin nasarar, Fire ta lashe dukkan sauran wasannin kuma ta jagoranci gasar Western Conference. Sauran tarukan sun kuma samu nasara ne daga waɗanda suka yi nasara a bara: Vienna Vikings a Gabas ba tare da sun sha kashi ba, da kuma Stuttgart Surge a Babban Taro inda aka sha kashi ɗaya a hannun Raiders Tirol. Kungiyar Raiders ta kasa samun cancantar shiga gasar bayan ta sha kashi a hannun Munich Ravens a wasan da suka buga a kakar wasa ta bana. A zagayen da aka fafata, Paris da Munich sun fafata a wasan zagaye na biyu. A wasan da aka yi da sauye-sauyen shugabanci guda goma, Musketeers sun sami damar yin nasara a ƙarshe. A wani wasan da aka buga a filin wasa, Rhein Fire ta ɗauki fansa kan rashin nasara da ta yi a hannun Bravos a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun. A wasan kusa da na karshe, Fire ta hadu da Stuttgart Surge a wasan sake kunnawa na wasan karshe na bara. Surge ya yi kama da wanda ya yi nasara na dogon lokaci, amma Rhein Fire ta sami damar daidaita wasan jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen wasan kuma daga ƙarshe ta yi nasara a cikin ƙarin lokaci. Kungiyar Vienna Vikings ta yi nasara da ci 47-31 a kan Paris. An buga wasan zakara a filin wasa na Arena AufSchalke dake [[Gelsenkirchen]] . A wasan da aka yi tsakanin zakarun kakar wasa biyu da suka gabata, Rhein Fire ce ta yi nasara. === kakar 2025 === Ƙungiyar Nordic Storm, wacce ke wakiltar Copenhagen a Denmark da Malmö a Sweden, ta shiga gasar a kakar wasa ta 2025. 'Yan wasan Barcelona Dragons sun yi kasa a gwiwa, yayin da ' yan wasan Milano suka dakatar da atisaye. Tare da QB Jadrian Clark da RB Glen Toonga, Nordic Storm ta sayi manyan 'yan wasa biyu daga zakaran Rhein Fire. Tsohon shugaban hukumar kashe gobara Andrew Weidinger ya koma Madrid Bravos a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa. Jack Del Rio ya shiga Paris Musketeers a matsayin HC. DJ Irons ya koma Wroclaw Panthers a matsayin QB a kakar wasa ta 2025 yayin da suka sha wahala da QBs a bara. ELF ta kulla yarjejeniya da DAZN don watsa dukkan wasanninsu da Game Pass ɗinsu. Stuttgart Surge ta lashe kofinta na farko bayan ta doke Vienna Vikings da ci 24-17 a wasan karshe. === kakar 2026 === A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2025, ƙungiyoyi goma sha ɗaya — Berlin Thunder, Rhein Fire, Nordic Storm, Frankfurt Galaxy, Paris Musketeers, Stuttgart Surge, Madrid Bravos, Raiders Tirol, Panthers Wrocław, Prague Lions, da Vienna Vikings — sun bar ELF suka kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar da ake kira ''European Football Alliance'' (EFA). <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2025 |title=European Football Alliance remains skeptical amid ELF leadership shakeup and appointment of Ingo Schiller |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/european-football-alliance-remains-skeptical-amid-elf-leadership-shakeup-and-appointment-of-ingo-schiller/#google_vignette |access-date=September 9, 2025 |website=American Football International}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 13, 2025 |title=Berlin Thunder and Stuttgart Surge strengthen European Football Alliance |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/berlin-thunder-and-stuttgart-surge-strengthen-european-football-alliance/ |access-date=September 9, 2025 |website=American Football International}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Craig Llewellyn |date=August 13, 2025 |title=EUROPEAN FOOTBALL ALLIANCE EXPANDS TO ELEVEN |url=https://www.gridiron-magazine.com/world-football/european-football-alliance-expands |access-date=September 9, 2025 |website=Gridiron Magazine}}</ref> Daga baya ELF ta sanar da cewa suna da ƙungiyoyi goma sha ɗaya "a ƙarƙashin kwantiragin inganci" na kakar wasa ta 2026 kuma suna cikin "tattaunawa mai zurfi" da abokan hulɗa da dama kuma "sun ci gaba da jajircewa wajen buɗe tattaunawa da duk kamfanonin da ke da lasisi na yanzu, tare da manufar gina harsashin haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da haɓaka gasar da kuma ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka a faɗin Turai". <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 3, 2025 |title=Eleven franchises contracted for ELF 2026 season – Talks with additional prospective teams underway |url=https://europeanleague.football/news/eleven-franchises-contracted-for-elf-2026-season-talks-with-additional-prospective-teams-underway-3941 |access-date=September 9, 2025 |website=European League of Football}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2025, ELF da EFA sun sanar da cewa za a sake hade gasar biyu tare da sauye-sauye da dama na gudanarwa da kasuwanci kafin kakar wasa ta 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ELF and EFA agree to reunify European American Football - European League Football |url=https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-and-efa-agree-to-reunify-european-american-football-4024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209224647/https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-and-efa-agree-to-reunify-european-american-football-4024 |archive-date=2025-12-09 |access-date=2026-08-18}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2026, EFA ta soke yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa saboda rashin daidaiton kuɗi da kuma bayyana gaskiya na ELF. <ref>{{Cite web |title=European Football Alliance (EFA) beendet Zusammenarbeit mit ELF - Football |url=https://www.raiders-tirol.com/football/european-football-alliance-efa-beendet-zusammenarbeit-mit-elf/ |access-date=2026-08-18 |website=www.raiders-tirol.com}}</ref> Hukumar EFA za ta ci gaba da shirinta na farko na kafa wata lig mai zaman kanta. A lokaci guda, ƙungiyoyi huɗu sun rabu daga EFL zuwa sabuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka da aka ƙirƙira a Turai . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-06 |title=AFLE: Rhein Fire als erstes Team bestätigt |url=https://www.ran.de/sports/american-football/news/afle-rhein-fire-als-erstes-team-bestaetigt-600444 |access-date=2025-12-07 |language=de}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2026, ELF ta sanar da cewa za ta shiga shari'ar farko ta gudanar da harkokin kanta a ƙarƙashin dokar sakacin Jamus. A cewar sanarwar ELF, wannan ya faru ne sakamakon hasashen cewa ba za a samu kudaden da masu zuba jari za su kashe ba. Duk ayyukan, gami da wasanni, suna ci gaba yayin wannan tsari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ELF restructures under self-administration |url=https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-restructures-under-self-administration-4073 |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=europeanleague.football |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260204193834/https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-restructures-under-self-administration-4073 |archive-date=2026-02-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, a kan {| class="toptextcells" style="border-spacing:10px; font-size:90%;" |+Ƙungiyoyin ELF na 2025 a kakar wasa ta 2026 | '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai''' * Galajin Frankfurt * Hankaka na Munich * Guguwar Nordic * Masu Tarin Kaya na Paris * Zakunan Prague * Raiders Tirol | '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka a Turai''' * Berlin Thunder * Panthers Wrocław * Wutar Rhein * Vikin Vikings | '''Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Austria''' * Masu shiga Fehérvár | '''naɗe''' * Sansanonin Cologne * Aljanun Tekun Hamburg * Masu Harin Helvetic * Madrid Bravos * Stuttgart Surge |} == Ƙwallaye == Kungiyar ELF ta ce tana fatan dawo da sha'awar kwallon kafa ta Amurka da ta wanzu a zamanin NFL Turai. Ba kamar NFL Europe ba, wanda jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyarsa ya ƙunshi 'yan wasan Amurka, za a yi ƙuntatawa ga adadin 'yan wasan ƙasashen waje da aka yarda su shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan. Za a fi mai da hankali kan 'yan wasan gida, tare da burin haɓaka mafi kyawun waɗannan 'yan wasan zuwa ga masu sha'awar NFL. Hanya ɗaya da suke shirin yin hakan ita ce ta hanyar ƙirƙirar "ELF Academy". Duk da cewa kamfanonin ELF ba za su sami "ƙungiyoyin matasa ba," Shugaba Zeljko Karajica ya ce makarantar za ta "ba wa 'yan wasa damar yin mataki na gaba", wanda zai zama ƙwarewar da za su yi nasara a ELF da kuma yin gasa don samun matsayi a ƙungiyar NFL. == Dokoki == ELF tana wasa da ƙa'idojin NFL da aka gyara, sai dai idan an yi amfani da ƙarin lokaci, inda take amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji na NCAA . Ba kamar yawancin wasannin motsa jiki na Turai ba, (gami da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turai na Amurka) wasan da har yanzu ba a daidaita shi ba a ƙarshen ƙa'ida a lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun yana komawa zuwa ƙarin lokaci . Duk da haka, ba a buga ƙarin lokaci ba a kakar wasa ta farko ta 2021 domin dukkan wasannin sun yi nasara bayan an tsara su. A lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta farkon kakar wasa ta 2021, ELF ba ta da sake kunnawa nan take ko wasu nau'ikan sake dubawa a ƙwallon ƙafa ta gridiron (kamar ƙalubalen kocin); duk da haka, an gabatar da wannan fasalin don ELF Bowl na 2021 da kuma kakar wasa mai zuwa. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2021, shafin Twitter na hukuma na gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai ya sanar da sabuwar dokar fara wasa. Sabuwar dokar ta ce 'yan wasan ƙungiyar masu bugun ƙwallo, banda mai bugun ƙwallo, za su yi layi a layin yadi 35 na abokin hamayyarsu, yayin da 'yan wasan ƙungiyar masu karɓar ƙwallo, banda mai dawowa, za su yi layi a layin yadi 30 na kansu. Ana barin ƙungiyoyin biyu su motsa ne kawai idan ko dai mai dawowa ya taɓa ƙwallon ko kuma daƙiƙa uku bayan ƙwallon ta taɓa ƙasa. Wannan doka kusan iri ɗaya ce da dokar fara wasa da aka yi amfani da ita a shekarar 2020 ta XFL sannan daga baya ta NFL. Sai dai abin da ake buƙata shi ne, cewa dole ne a buga ƙwallon tsakanin layin yadi 20 na ƙungiyar da za ta karɓi ƙwallo, a wannan lokacin, ba wani ɓangare na dokar ba ne. Babban dalilin da aka ambata na sauya dokar shine tsaron lafiyar 'yan wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ELF official tweet |url=https://twitter.com/elf_official/status/1465686308030980097 |access-date=2021-12-08 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> === Mai gudanarwa === Yin alkalanci a ELF yayi daidai da NFL. Shugaban alkalan wasa tun kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2021 shine tsohon jami'in gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus Kurt Paulus. A wannan matsayin, shi ne ke da alhakin horarwa da tsara ƙungiyoyin da za su jagoranci wasannin a kowane lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa da mataimakansa suna tuntubar kwamishinan da Kwamitin Gasar don sauye-sauyen dokoki da sabbin dokoki. <ref name="FootBowl#6">{{Cite web |title=Foot Bowl – Die Webshow #6 mit Malte Scholz und Kurt Paulus |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34NVg0tfF_4&t=590s |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=[[YouTube]] |language=de}}</ref> Ma'aikatan da za su jagoranci gasar sun kunshi jami'ai bakwai a filin wasa wadanda ke zama tare na tsawon kakar wasa daya. A lokacin wasa, ana haɗa su ta hanyar sadarwa ta intanet da kuma tattaunawa ta harshen Ingilishi a filin wasa. A kakar wasa ta 2022, alkalan wasa sun fito daga kasashe 16 daban-daban na Turai. Banda GFL da hukumar gudanarwa, alkalan wasa da ke yin alkalanci a ELF ana ba su damar shiga gasar lig-lig ta ƙasa a lokacin hutun kakar wasa ta ELF. <ref name="FootBowl#6" /> Jami'an ELF ba sa sanya lambobi a kan rigunansu. == Albashi == Jerin 'yan wasan ya ƙunshi aƙalla 'yan wasa 53, tare da wasu 12 a cikin ƙungiyar da za ta yi atisaye a shekarar 2023. Saboda 'yan wasan gida suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da gasar ke mayar da hankali a kai, akwai iyaka kan adadin 'yan ƙasashen waje. Kowace ƙungiyar 'yan wasa za ta iya samun 'yan wasa huɗu kawai na Amurka, Kanada, Mexico, ko Japan ('yan wasa A-A), da kuma wasu 'yan wasa goma na ƙasashen waje a kakar wasa ta 2021, <ref name="Hamburger" /> wanda daga baya aka rage shi zuwa 'yan wasa takwas a kakar wasa ta 2022 da kuma 'yan wasa shida a kakar wasa ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Instagram Post – Leipzig Kings |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CXypoDGI87V/ |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103070935/https://www.instagram.com/p/CXypoDGI87V/ |archive-date=3 January 2023 |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Leipzig Kings official Instagram |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=This is the European League of Football! |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/this-is-the-european-league-of-football |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220183121/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/this-is-the-european-league-of-football |archive-date=2022-12-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, hukuncin Bosman ya hana nuna wariya ga 'yan ƙasar EU ga ƙungiyoyin wasanni da lig-lig na EU. 'Yan wasan Brazil ba su yi la'akari da adadin shigo da kaya ba saboda haɗin gwiwar gasar da hukumar kula da harkokin wasanni ta La Liga a kakar wasa ta 2021. <ref name="Brazil" /> Gasar tana da iyaka ga albashin dukkan 'yan wasa, wanda aka raba zuwa rukuni uku na albashin 'yan wasanta. Har zuwa 'yan wasa takwas—ciki har da guraben shiga guda huɗu na A-import—ana biyan su cikakken albashi. Ga 'yan wasan shigo da kaya daga Amurka, kamfanin ikon mallakar kamfani zai iya biyan albashi tsakanin €600 (kimanin $700) zuwa €3,000 ($3,500) a kowane wata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=European League Updates |url=http://unitedplayers.org/european-league-updates/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706142820/http://unitedplayers.org/european-league-updates/ |archive-date=6 July 2021 |access-date=8 July 2021}}</ref> Mataki na biyu ya ƙunshi ƙarin 'yan wasa huɗu na wucin gadi (na ƙasashen waje ko na gida) waɗanda ke da albashin ɗan lokaci. Kowanne memba na cikin jerin sunayen yana cikin rukunin albashin gida tare da aikin yi mai ƙarancin albashi da kuma kuɗin shiga na wata-wata tsakanin €100 zuwa €450. Duk 'yan wasan da ke ƙarƙashin kwangilar suna karɓar inshorar lafiya kuma suna shiga cikin inshorar fansho na jiha. Dole ne a tattauna ƙarin fa'idodi kamar gidaje da abinci a lokacin kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Transparent #6 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwZd2w7gaQM |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=[[YouTube]] |language=de}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi == {{CSS crop|Location=right|bSize=700|cWidth=350|cHeight=350|oTop=200|oLeft=65|Description=Locations of teams competing in the 2025 ELF season.{{hlist|[[File:Blue pog.svg|8px]] North Division|[[File:Green pog.svg|8px]] West Division|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] South Division|[[File:Yellow pog.svg|8px]] East Division}}|Content={{Location map+|Europe|float=right|width=700|places= {{Location map~|Europe|lat=52.52437|long=13.41053|label_size=80|label=[[Berlin Thunder (ELF)|Thunder]]|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=50.11092|long=8.68212|label_size=80|label=[[Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)|Galaxy]]|mark=Green pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=53.55108|long=9.99368|label_size=80|label=[[Hamburg Sea Devils (ELF)|Sea Devils]]|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.78333|long=9.18333|label_size=80|label=[[Stuttgart Surge|Surge]]|mark=Green pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=50.937531|long=6.960279|label_size=80|label=[[Cologne Centurions (ELF)|Centurions]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.10788|long=17.03853|label_size=80|label=[[Panthers Wrocław|Panthers]]|mark=Yellow pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.249444|long=16.357778|label_size=80|label=[[Vienna Vikings|Vikings]]|mark=Yellow pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=47.255833|long=11.410833|label_size=80|label=[[Swarco Raiders Tirol|Raiders]]|mark=Red pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=51.224960|long=6.775670|label_size=80|label=[[Rhein Fire (ELF)|Fire]]|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=47.18877|long=18.41384|label_size=80|label=[[Fehérvár Enthroners|Enthroners]]|mark=Yellow pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=47.374444|long=8.541111|label_size=80|label=[[Helvetic Mercenaries|Mercenaries]]|mark=Red pog.svg|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.0815|long=11.3430|label_size=80|label=[[Munich Ravens|Ravens]]|mark=Red pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=50.0515|long=14.2517|label_size=80|label=[[Prague Lions|Lions]]|mark=Yellow pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=48.5124|long=2.2108|label_size=80|label=[[Paris Musketeers|Musketeers]]|mark=Green pog.svg|position=left}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=55.4124|long=12.3509|label_size=80|label=[[Nordic Storm|Storm]]|mark=Blue pog.svg}} {{Location map~|Europe|lat=40.2501|long=-3.4212|label_size=80|label=[[Madrid Bravos|Bravos]]|mark=Red pog.svg}} }}}}A kakar wasa ta 2025, gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai tana da ƙungiyoyi 16 a cikin rukuni huɗu a cikin ƙasashe 10: 7 a Jamus, 2 a Austria, ɗaya a Jamhuriyar Czech, Denmark, Faransa, Hungary, Spain, Poland, da Switzerland. ELF ta fara da ƙungiyoyi 8 a kakar farko ta 2021. Wannan ya haɗa da Wroclaw Panthers daga Poland American Football League, da kuma sabbin ƙungiyoyi bakwai: Berlin Thunder, Cologne Centurions, Frankfurt Galaxy, Hamburg Sea Devils, Leipzig Kings da Stuttgart Surge a Jamus, da kuma Barcelona Dragons a Spain. Manufar gasar ita ce a fadada zuwa akalla kungiyoyi 24 daga kasashe 10 nan gaba. Tun daga shekarar 2021, an gano Austria, Faransa, da Ingila a matsayin kasuwannin da ke sha'awar faɗaɗa ikon mallakar kamfanoni, kuma musamman London Warriors sun nuna sha'awar shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=European League of Football – Q&A |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZCfm7pG_OQ |access-date=2020-11-17 |website=youtube.com}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Vienna Vikings da Raiders Tirol daga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Austrian Football League, da kuma ƙungiyar Istanbul Rams daga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkish Gridiron Football First League sun shiga gasar a kakar wasa ta 2022, duk da cewa Rams sun fice bayan kammala kakar wasa. <ref name="rams">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-15 |title=Istanbul Rams will not compete in the European League of Football in 2023 |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/istanbul-rams-will-not-compete-in-the-european-league-of-football-in-2023 |website=European League of Football |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216095200/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/istanbul-rams-will-not-compete-in-the-european-league-of-football-in-2023 |archive-date=2022-12-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An yi wa ƙungiyar Rhein Fire kwaskwarima wadda ƙungiyar tarihi daga NFL Turai ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, kuma ta shiga gasar a kakar wasa ta 2022 bayan zato da tsammani daga magoya baya a duk lokacin kakar wasa ta baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-14 |title=Hoffnung auf die Rückkehr von Rhein Fire |url=https://www.viernull.de/stadt-mit-ue/hoffnung-auf-die-rueckkehr-von-rhein-fire/ |language=DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-25 |title=New Franchise Announced: Düsseldorf Rhein Fire |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/new-franchise-announced-dusseldorf-rhein-fire |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321170629/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/new-franchise-announced-dusseldorf-rhein-fire |archive-date=2023-03-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title=Dream-Stadium: The MERKUR SPIEL-ARENA And Its Rich History |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/dream-stadium-the-merkur-spiel-arena-and-its-rich-history |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528171409/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/dream-stadium-the-merkur-spiel-arena-and-its-rich-history |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da cewa takaddama da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Italiya ta fara hana ƙungiyar faɗaɗa gasar Italiya, yarjejeniyar da aka cimma ta ƙarshe ta ba wa Milano Seamen damar shiga a kakar wasa ta 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Opinion: ELF expansion – the impact of the departure of the Milano Seamen from Italian Football League |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/opinion-elf-expansion-the-impact-of-the-departure-of-the-milano-seamen-from-italy/}}</ref> wanda ya kuma sa 'yan wasan Fehérvár Enthroners daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Hungary da Prague Lions daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Czech League of American Football suka shiga, tare da sabbin ƙungiyoyin 'yan wasa guda uku: Helvetic Guards daga Switzerland, Munich Ravens daga Jamus, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2022 |title=Munich, Germany becomes latest city to join the European League of Football |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/munich-germany-becomes-latest-city-to-join-the-european-league-of-football/}}</ref> da Paris Musketeers daga Faransa. An dakatar da Kings a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2023, an maye gurbin Guards da Helvetic Mercenaries a watan Afrilun 2024, yayin da Madrid Bravos ta shiga a shekarar 2024. Guguwar Nordic Storm daga [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]] za ta zama sabuwar shiga a kakar wasa ta 2025. === Ƙungiyoyin 2025 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" ! scope="col" |Team ! scope="col" |City ! scope="col" |Stadium(s) ! scope="col" |Capacity ! scope="col" |Joined ! scope="col" |Head coach |- ! colspan="6" style="color:#ffffff; background:#1f3f77;" |North Division |- | scope="row" |Berlin Thunder |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Berlin]] |Preussenstadion | align="center" |3,000 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Jag Bal]] |- | scope="row" |Hamburg Sea Devils |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Hamburg]] |Stadion Hoheluft | align="center" |11,000 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|UK}} [[Lee Rowland]] |- | scope="row" |Nordic Storm |{{Flagicon|DEN}} [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]]/[[Søborg (Gladsaxe municipality)|Søborg]] |Gladsaxe Stadium | align="center" |13,800 | align="center" |2025 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[John Shoop]] |- | scope="row" |Rhein Fire |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Düsseldorf]]/[[Duisburg]] |Schauinsland-Reisen-Arena | align="center" |31,514 | align="center" |2022 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Richard Kent (American football)|Richard Kent]] |- ! colspan="6" style="color:#ffffff; background:#005030;" |West Division |- | scope="row" |Cologne Centurions |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Köln|Cologne]] |Südstadion | align="center" |11,748 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Javan Lenhardt]] |- | scope="row" |Frankfurt Galaxy |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Frankfurt]] |PSD Bank Arena | align="center" |12,542 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Bart Andrus]] |- | scope="row" |Paris Musketeers |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Faris|Paris]]/[[Bondoufle]] |Stade Robert Bobin | align="center" |18,850 | align="center" |2023 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jack Del Rio]] |- | scope="row" |Stuttgart Surge |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Stuttgart]] |Gazi-Stadion auf der Waldau | align="center" |11,410 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jordan Neuman]] |- ! colspan="6" style="color:#ffffff; background:#ac162c;" |South Division |- | scope="row" |Helvetic Mercenaries |{{Flagicon|SUI}} [[Zurich]]/[[Wil]] |Lidl Arena | align="center" |6,048 | align="center" |2024 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Marcus Herford]] |- | scope="row" |Madrid Bravos |{{Flagicon|SPA}} [[Madrid]] |Estadio de Vallehermoso | align="center" |9,000 | align="center" |2024 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Andrew Weidinger]] |- | scope="row" |Munich Ravens |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Unterhaching]] |Uhlsport Park | align="center" |15,053 | align="center" |2023 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kendral Ellison]] |- | scope="row" |Raiders Tirol |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Innsbruck]] |Tivoli Stadion Tirol | align="center" |16,008 | align="center" |2022 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Herrmann]] |- ! colspan="6" style="color:#000000; background:#dfdf39;" |East Division |- | scope="row" |Fehérvár Enthroners |{{Flagicon|HUN}} [[Székesfehérvár]] |First Field | align="center" |{{0}}3,500 | align="center" |2023 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Ridgley]] |- | scope="row" |Prague Lions |{{Flagicon|CZ}} [[Prag|Prague]] |FK Viktoria Stadion | align="center" |{{0}}3,327 | align="center" |2023 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Dave Warner (American football)|Dave Warner]] |- | rowspan="2" scope="row" |Vienna Vikings | rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Vienna]] |Generali Arena | align="center" |15,000 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2022 | rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Chris Calaycay]] |- |Hohe Warte Stadium | align="center" |{{0}}5,000 |- | scope="row" |Panthers Wrocław |{{Flagicon|POL}} [[Wrocław]] |Stadion Olimpijski | align="center" |11,000 | align="center" |2021 |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Craig Kuligowski]] |}   === Tsoffin ƙungiyoyi har zuwa 2025 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |+Tsoffin ƙungiyoyi a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turai ! scope="col" | Ƙungiyar ! scope="col" | Birni ! scope="col" | An shiga ! scope="col" | Kakar ƙarshe ! scope="col" | Kaddara |- | scope="row" | Istanbul Rams |{{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Istanbul]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2022 | style="text-align:center;" | 2022 | Ya janye daga buga wasa a watan Disamba na 2022; ya koma gasar Turkiyya <ref name="rams" /> |- | scope="row" | Sarakunan Leipzig |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Leipzig]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2021 | style="text-align:center;" | 2023 | An janye lasisin ne a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2023 bayan da ya kasa cika wa'adin kudin gasar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official statement of the European League of Football on the Leipzig Kings 2023 |url=https://europeanleague.football/news/official-statement-of-the-european-league-of-football-on-the-leipzig-kings-2023-1332 |website=European League of Football |language=en-US |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725090044/https://europeanleague.football/news/official-statement-of-the-european-league-of-football-on-the-leipzig-kings-2023-1332 |archive-date=2025-07-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | Masu Tsaron Helvetic |{{Flagicon|SUI}} [[Zürich|Zurich]] / [[Wil]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2023 | style="text-align:center;" | 2023 | An janye daga gasar a watan Afrilun 2024, an maye gurbinsa da Helvetic Mercenaries |- | scope="row" | Dodanni na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|SPA}} [[Barcelona]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2021 | style="text-align:center;" | 2024 | Ya fice daga gasar a watan Disamba na 2024 |- | scope="row" | Ma'aikatan Tekun Milano |{{Flagicon|ITA}}[[Milano|Milan]] | style="text-align:center;" | 2023 | style="text-align:center;" | 2024 | An dakatar da shi na 2025; ba za a dawo da shi ba a 2026 |} === Tsarin lokaci === <timeline> DateFormat = yyyy ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:20 Period = from:2021 till:2027 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal PlotArea = right:100 left:3 bottom:70 top:5 #> to display a count on left side of graph, use "left:20" to suppress the count, use "left:20"<# Colors = id:line value:pink id:Full value:rgb(0.85,0.85,0.95) id:Former value:rgb(0.85,0.85,0.95) Define $EFA = align:left text:" > EFA" textcolor:black fontsize:S color:white Define $AFLE = align:left text:" > AFLE" textcolor:black fontsize:S color:white PlotData= width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:s bar:1 color:Former from:2021 till:2025 text:Barcelona Dragons (2021–2024) bar:2 color:Former from:2021 till:2026 text:Berlin Thunder (2021–2025) bar:2 from:2026 till:2027 $AFLE bar:3 color:Full from:2021 till:2026 text:Cologne Centurions (2021–2025) bar:4 color:Former from:2021 till:2026 text:Frankfurt Galaxy (2021–2025) bar:4 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA bar:5 color:Full from:2021 till:2026 text:Hamburg Sea Devils (2021–2025) bar:6 color:Former from:2021 till:2024 text:Leipzig Kings (2021–2023) bar:7 color:Former from:2021 till:2026 text:Panthers Wrocław (2021–2025) bar:7 from:2026 till:2027 $AFLE bar:8 color:Former from:2021 till:2026 text:Stuttgart Surge (2021–2025) bar:9 color:Former from:2022 till:2023 text:Istanbul Rams (2022) bar:10 color:Former from:2022 till:2026 text:Raiders Tirol (2022–2025) bar:10 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA bar:11 color:Former from:2022 till:2026 text:Rhein Fire (2022–2025) bar:11 from:2026 till:2027 $AFLE bar:12 color:Former from:2022 till:2026 text:Vienna Vikings (2022–2025) bar:12 from:2026 till:2027 $AFLE bar:13 color:Former from:2023 till:2026 text:Fehérvár Enthroners (2023–2025) bar:14 color:Former from:2023 till:2024 text:Helvetic Guards (2023) bar:15 color:Former from:2023 till:2026 text:Munich Ravens (2023–2025) bar:15 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA bar:16 color:Former from:2023 till:2026 text:Paris Musketeers (2023–2025) bar:16 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA bar:17 color:Former from:2023 till:2026 text:Prague Lions (2023–2025) bar:17 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA bar:18 color:Former from:2023 till:2025 text:Milano Seamen (2023–2024) bar:19 color:Former from:2024 till:2026 text:Helvetic Mercenaries (2024–2025) bar:20 color:Former from:2024 till:2026 text:Madrid Bravos (2024–2025) bar:21 color:Former from:2025 till:2026 text:Nordic Storm (2025) bar:21 from:2026 till:2027 $EFA ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:1 start:2021 TextData = fontsize:L textcolor:black pos:(0,30) tabs:(400-center) text: </timeline> == Zakaru == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+Zakarun Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Turai ! scope="col" | Ƙungiyar ! scope="col" | Lakabi ! scope="col" | Masu matsayi na biyu ! scope="col" | Shekarar da aka ci ! scope="col" | Shekarar da ta zo ta biyu |- | align="left" | Wutar Rhein | 2 | 0 | align="left" scope="row" | 2023, 2024 | align="left" | {{En dash}} |- | align="left" | Vikin Vikings | 1 | 2 | align="left" scope="row" | 2022 | align="left" | 2024, 2025 |- | align="left" | Galajin Frankfurt | 1 | 0 | align="left" scope="row" | 2021 | align="left" | {{En dash}} |- | align="left" | Stuttgart Surge | 1 | 1 | align="left" | 2025 | align="left" scope="row" | 2023 |- | align="left" | Aljanun Tekun Hamburg | 0 | 2 | align="left" | {{En dash}} | align="left" scope="row" | 2021, 2022 |} === Wasannin Zakarun Turai === <span style="background:#FFFF99;">Ƙungiyoyi masu '''launin shuɗi''' suna lashe gasar Championship</span> {| class="wikitable" |+Overview of European League of Football Championship Games ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Year ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Team 1 ! colspan="2" scope="col" |Team 2 ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |City ! scope="col" |Attendance ! scope="col" |MVP |- | scope="row" |I<ref>{{Cite web |title=European League of Football Championship Game |url=https://www.ticketmaster.de/event/european-league-of-football-championship-game-tickets/416809 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430111232/https://www.ticketmaster.de/event/european-league-of-football-championship-game-tickets/416809 |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=[[ticketmaster]] |publisher=ELF}}</ref> |2021 |Hamburg Sea Devils |30 | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''Frankfurt Galaxy''' | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''32''' |Merkur Spiel-Arena |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Düsseldorf]], [[Jamus|Germany]] | align="center" |22,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=ELF Championship Game scoring summary |url=https://assets-global.website-files.com/5fb916e4beed7f5a8f3276f7/6151e57a90b7f5728d37a866_STATS_FGHD21FI.pdf |access-date=15 October 2021 |website=europeanleague.football |publisher=ELF}}</ref> | align="left" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Jakeb Sullivan]] ([[Quarterback|QB]], [[Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)|Frankfurt Galaxy]]) |- | scope="row" |II |2022 |Hamburg Sea Devils |15 | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''Vienna Vikings''' | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''27''' |Wörthersee Stadion |{{Flagicon|AUT}} [[Klagenfurt]], [[Austriya|Austria]] | align="center" |14,566<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2022 |title=Scoring Summary (Final) European League of Football Vienna Vikings vs Hamburg Sea Devils (Sep 25, 2022 at Klagenfurt) |url=https://assets-global.website-files.com/5fb916e4beed7f5a8f3276f7/6330cc7761b9ea0fb14b7e4a_STATS_HDVV22FI.pdf}}</ref> | align="left" |{{Flagicon|FIN}} Kimi Linnainmaa ([[Wide receiver|WR]], [[Vienna Vikings]]) |- | scope="row" |III |2023 | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''Rhein Fire''' | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''53''' |Stuttgart Surge |34 |Schauinsland-Reisen-Arena |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Duisburg]], [[Jamus|Germany]] | align="center" |31,500 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|USA}} Jadrian Clark ([[Quarterback|QB]], [[Rhein Fire (ELF)|Rhein Fire]]) |- | scope="row" |IV |2024 |Vienna Vikings |20 | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''Rhein Fire''' | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''51''' |Veltins-Arena |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[Jamus|Germany]] | align="center" |41,364 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|USA}} Jadrian Clark ([[Quarterback|QB]], [[Rhein Fire (ELF)|Rhein Fire]]) |- | scope="row" |V |2025 |Vienna Vikings |17 | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''Stuttgart Surge''' | style="background:#FFFF99" |'''24''' |MHPArena |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Stuttgart]], [[Jamus|Germany]] | align="center" |36,784 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Louis Geyer]] (WR, Stuttgart Surge) |} == Wasan Taurari na ELF == <span style="background:#FFFF99;">Ƙungiyoyi masu '''launin shuɗi''' suna cin nasara a gasar All Star Game</span> {| class="wikitable" |+Bayani Game da Wasannin Taurari na Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Turai ! scope="col" | Shekara ! colspan="2" scope="col" | Gida ! colspan="2" scope="col" | A waje ! scope="col" | Wuri ! scope="col" | Birni ! scope="col" | Halartar |- | scope="row" | 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The European League of Football All-Stars win over the US Federation National Team |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/game-report-all-star-team-vs-us-federation-national-team |access-date=2026-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210062221/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/game-report-all-star-team-vs-us-federation-national-team |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbott, JC |date=5 October 2021 |title=ELF All-Stars down hodge-podge US Federation team in defensive affair |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/elf-all-stars-down-hodge-podge-us-federation-team-in-dull-defensive-affair/ |website=americanfootballinternational.com}}</ref> | style="background:#FFFF99" | '''Duk Taurarin ELF''' | style="background:#FFFF99" | '''26''' | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka | 8 | Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Berlin]], [[Jamus]] | 300 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebastian Sendlak |date=9 October 2021 |title=ELF: All Star Game wird zum Fan-Fiasko |url=https://www.us-sports.tv/2021/10/08/elf-all-star-game-wird-zum-fan-fiasko/ |access-date=8 January 2025 |website=us-sports.tv |language=de}}</ref> |} == Watsa shirye-shirye == A kakar wasa ta farko, gasar ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar wasanni 13, ciki har da wasannin share fagen shiga gasar da kuma gasar zakarun Turai, za a watsa su kai tsaye a Jamus, Austria da Switzerland a ProSieben Maxx, tare da duk sauran wasannin da za a watsa kai tsaye a ran.de da kuma More Than Sports TV. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2021 |title=European League of Football ab Juni 2021 live auf ProSieben MAXX und ran.de |url=https://www.ran.de/us-sport/nfl/nfl-news/european-league-of-football-ab-juni-2021-live-auf-prosieben-maxx-und-ran-de-113481 |access-date=7 February 2021 |publisher=ran.de |language=German}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2021 |title=European League of Football on More Than Sports TV |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-live-on-more-than-sports-tv |access-date=10 June 2021 |publisher=europeanleague.football |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610125906/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-live-on-more-than-sports-tv |archive-date=10 June 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Adadin wasannin da ake samu a talabijin ya ƙaru a shekarar 2023, inda aka nuna wasanni 30 kai tsaye a tashoshin ProSieben, ciki har da Wasan Zakarun Turai a babban tashar su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2023 |title=Top moments of the ELF 2023 Season Kick-Off Press Conference |url=https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/top-moments-of-the-elf-2023-season-kick-off-press-conference/ |access-date=22 May 2023 |publisher=americanfootballinternational.com}}</ref> Ana kuma samun dukkan wasannin a duk duniya, a gidan yanar gizon gasar, sabis ɗin da kamfanin Burtaniya StreamAMG ya samar, kuma, daga 2023, ta Endeavor Streaming . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2021 |title=It's official! With our new partner @streamamg you will never miss a game again! |url=https://www.facebook.com/europeanleagueoffootball/posts/216122930316666 |access-date=4 May 2021 |publisher=facebook.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=European League of Football partners with Endeavor Streaming to power next-generation streaming service |url=https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-partners-with-endeavor-streaming-to-power-next-generation-streaming-service |access-date=22 May 2023 |publisher=europeanleague.football |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522134255/https://europeanleague.football/elf-news/european-league-of-football-partners-with-endeavor-streaming-to-power-next-generation-streaming-service |archive-date=22 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Janairu 2025, ELF ta sanar da yarjejeniya da DAZN don watsa dukkan wasannin gasar har zuwa 2032. <ref name="DAZN">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2025 |title=ELF and DAZN agree multi-year global broadcast deal |url=https://europeanleague.football/news/elf-and-dazn-agree-multi-year-global-broadcast-deal-2905 |access-date=30 January 2025 |publisher=European League of Football}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdiga da bayanai == === Teburin kowane lokaci === :: ''Tun daga ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2025.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" width="30" | ! rowspan="2" width="180" |Team ! rowspan="2" width="30" |{{Abbr|SP|Seasons played}} ! colspan="4" |Regular season ! colspan="4" |Play-offs |- ! width="30" |{{Abbr|GP|Games played}} ! width="30" |{{Abbr|W|Wins}} ! width="30" |{{Abbr|L|Losses}} ! width="35" |{{Abbr|PCT|Winning percentage}} ! width="30" |{{Abbr|Q|Seasons qualified}} ! width="35" |{{Abbr|WC|Wildcard games}} ! width="35" |{{Abbr|SF|Semifinals}} ! width="35" |{{Abbr|CG|Championship games}} |- |1 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|AUT}} Vienna Vikings |4 |47 |44 |3 |.936 |4 | |3–1 |1–2 |- |2 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Rhein Fire |4 |48 |38 |10 |.792 |3 |1–1 |2–0 |2–0 |- |3 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Frankfurt Galaxy |5 |58 |37 |21 |.638 |2 |1–0 |1–1 |1–0 |- |4 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Stuttgart Surge |5 |58 |33 |25 |.569 |3 |2–0 |2–1 |1–1 |- |5 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|AUT}} Raiders Tirol |4 |48 |30 |18 |.625 |1 | |0–1 | |- |6 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|POL}} Panthers Wroclaw |5 |57 |29 |28 |.509 |2 |0–1 |0–1 | |- |7 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Hamburg Sea Devils |5 |58 |27 |31 |.466 |2 | |2–0 |0–2 |- |8 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Munich Ravens |3 |36 |27 |9 |.750 |2 |0–1 |0-1 | |- |9 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Berlin Thunder |5 |57 |25 |32 |.439 |1 |0–1 | | |- |10 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} Paris Musketeers |3 |36 |23 |13 |.639 |1 |1–0 |0–1 | |- |11 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Madrid Bravos |2 |24 |16 |8 |.667 |2 |0–2 | | |- |12 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Cologne Centurions |5 |56 |16 |40 |.286 |1 | |0–1 | |- |13 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ESP}} Barcelona Dragons |4 |46 |15 |31 |.326 |1 | |0–1 | |- |14 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Leipzig Kings |3 |27 |11 |16 |.407 | | | | |- |15 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|DEN}} Nordic Storm |1 |12 |10 |2 |.833 |1 |1–0 |0–1 | |- |16 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|CZE}} Prague Lions |3 |34 |8 |26 |.235 | | | | |- |17 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ITA}} Milano Seamen |2 |24 |6 |18 |.250 | | | | |- |18 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|HUN}} Fehérvár Enthroners |3 |34 |4 |30 |.118 | | | | |- |19 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SUI}} Helvetic Guards |1 |12 |3 |9 |.250 | | | | |- |20 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|TUR}} Istanbul Rams |1 |12 |1 |11 |.083 | | | | |- |21 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SUI}} Helvetic Mercenaries |2 |24 |1 |23 |.042 | | | | |} Wasannin kakar wasa na yau da kullun kawai aka haɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2025 |title=All-time Standings |url=https://elfdata.eu/standings/alltime/ |language=en |access-date=29 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251117095154/https://elfdata.eu/standings/alltime/ |archive-date=17 November 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Halarta == === Matsakaicin yanayi === Duk matsakaicin wasa ya haɗa da wasannin share fage da na zakarun gasar. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kakar wasa ! Jimlar ƙofar ! Wasanni ! Matsakaicin ! Sauyi ! Matsakaicin matsakaici. ! Ƙungiyar ! Matsakaicin matsakaici. ! Ƙungiyar |- | align="center" | 2021 | align="right" | 94,704 | align="right" | 43 {{Efn|Two games were played behind closed doors due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. These games are not included in the statistics.}} | align="right" | 2,310 | align="right" | | align="right" | 3,600 | Panthers Wrocław | align="right" | 914 | Berlin Thunder |- | align="center" | 2022 | align="right" | 249,015 | align="right" | 75 | align="right" | 3,327 | align="right" | +44.0% | align="right" | 8,144 | Wutar Rhein | align="right" | 435 | Istanbul Rams |- | align="center" | 2023 | align="right" | 428,631 | align="right" | 99 | align="right" | 4,330 | align="right" | +33.2% | align="right" | 9,814 | Wutar Rhein | align="right" | 952 | Zakunan Prague |- | align="center" | 2024 | align="right" | 474,103 | align="right" | 107 | align="right" | 4,431 | align="right" | +2.3% | align="right" | 10,786 | Wutar Rhein | align="right" | 638 | Zakunan Prague |- | align="center" | 2025 | align="right" | 353,647 | align="right" | 100 {{Efn|One match was not played.}} | align="right" | 3,536 | align="right" | −20.2% | align="right" | 10,205 | Wutar Rhein | align="right" | 644 | Berlin Thunder |- |} === Matsakaicin halarta a tarihi === Duk matsakaicin wasa ya haɗa da wasan da aka buga da kuma wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. {| class="wikitable mw-datatable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! width="35" |Season ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Barcelona Dragons (ELF)|BAR]]|Barcelona Dragons}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Berlin Thunder (ELF)|BER]]|Berlin Thunder}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Cologne Centurions (ELF)|COL]]|Cologne Centurions}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Fehérvár Enthroners|FEH]]|Fehérvár Enthroners}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Frankfurt Galaxy (ELF)|FRA]]|Frankfurt Galaxy}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Hamburg Sea Devils (ELF)|HAM]]|Hamburg Sea Devils}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Helvetic Guards|HVG]]|Helvetic Guards}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Helvetic Mercenaries|HVM]]|Helvetic Mercenaries}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Istanbul Rams|IST]]|Istanbul Rams}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Leipzig Kings|LEI]]|Leipzig Kings}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Madrid Bravos|MAD]]|Madrid Bravos}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Milano Seamen|MIL]]|Milano Seamen}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Munich Ravens|MUN]]|Munich Ravens}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Nordic Storm|NOR]]|Nordic Storm}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Paris Musketeers|PAR]]|Paris Musketeers}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Prague Lions|PRA]]|Prague Lions}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Rhein Fire (ELF)|RHE]]|Rhein Fire}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Stuttgart Surge|STU]]|Stuttgart Surge}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Raiders Tirol|TIR]]|Raiders Tirol}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Vienna Vikings|VIE]]|Vienna Vikings}} ! width="25" |{{Tooltip|[[Panthers Wrocław|WRO]]|Panthers Wroclaw}} |- |2021 |1,163 |931 |1,243 | |2,100 |1,744 | | | |2,072 | | | | | | | |1,429 | | |3,600 |- |2022 |1,025 |3,583 |1,843 | |5,008 |3,520 | | |435 |2,600 | | | | | | |8,144 |2,084 |3,692 |3,085 |2,344 |- |2023 |1,081 |4,566 |2,773 |1,700 |6,437 |8,164 |2,260 | | |2,357 | |1,100 |5,009 | |3,867 |952 |9,814 |3,939 |3,904 |4,915 |2,550 |- |2024 |918 |3,456 |2,735 |1,550 |7,098 |9,277 | |1,028 | | |1,393 |740 |5,035 | |3,389 |638 |10,786 |4,419 |3,370 |6,064 |5,992 |- |2025 | |644 |770 |1,083 |7,251 |2,377 | |1,541 | | |3,145 | |3,450 |2,134 |1,834 |950 |10,205 |3,037 |3,410 |6,323 |2,345 |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website}} * {{YouTube|https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5dCzAA96G_LLpW6-DyEPBQ}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kvb9k7qpv878cwz0efcrjxs72nkou92 0 177589 967031 960615 2026-10-13T01:08:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Kindiyo |settlement_type = Yanki |subdivision_type = Ƙasa |subdivision_name = [[Najeriya]] |subdivision_type1 = Jiha |subdivision_name1 = [[Jihar Gombe]] |subdivision_type2 = Ƙaramar hukuma |subdivision_name2 = [[Balanga (Nigeria)|Balanga]] |postal_code = 761105 |timezone = WAT |utc_offset = +1 }} '''Kindiyo''' yanki ne da ke cikin [[Balanga (Nigeria)|ƙaramar hukumar Balanga]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Kindiyo yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan rajistar zaɓe na ƙaramar hukumar Balanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Registration Areas |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin kundin [[INEC]], an lissafa rumfunan zaɓe 15 a ƙarƙashin yankin Kindiyo. Daga cikinsu akwai Kulo, Kwasi, Yadi, Unguwar Hausawa, Dakawal, Lakun, Buwangal, Yolde, Tiksir da Kumtur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units — Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=2026-08-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lambar gidan waya ta yankin Chum-Kindiyo ita ce '''761105'''. Wasu daga cikin wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin yankin sun haɗa da Buwangal, Dakawal, Dongaje, Fumur, Gwenti, Hausawa, Ketare, Kulo, Kumtur, Kwari, Kwasi, Kwata, Labun, Lwebe, Tiksir, Yadi da Yolde.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postcode - 761105 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761105/ |website=Nigeria Postcode |access-date=30 Satumba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Garuruwa da ƙauyuka a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Balanga]] 0y84hr2ri62vrb5rhivyzdjdnicq1pj 0 177591 967052 960741 2026-10-13T05:10:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kulani''' Kauye ne da ke karamar hukumar [[Balanga (Nijeriya)|Balanga]], [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Harmonized Chart of Accounts for Local Governments in Gombe State |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/download/harmonized-chart-of-accounts-coa-for-local-governments-in-gombe-state/ |website=Gombe State Ministry of Finance |access-date=30 September 2026 }}</ref> Lambar gidan waya ta Kulani 761116.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postcode - 761116 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761116/ |website=Nigeria Postcode |access-date=30 September 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin kauyukan da ke ƙarƙashin garin sun haɗa da Bila, Butta, Chamchiyo, Chessi, Chiffe, Gurma, Kauye, Konogwarau, Kore, Kulani Diyo, Kwangu, Laman, Pida Jawan, Sai, Swali, Swelbwalai, Tikire, Unguwan Ardo, Unguwan Batari da Unguwan Gurkuma.<ref>{{cite web |title=Postcode - 761116 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/761116/ |website=Nigeria Postcode |access-date=30 September 2026 }}</ref> A kundin [[Hukumar Zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta ƙasa|INEC]], an kuma ambaci yankin Kulani a matsayin '''Kulani/Degre/Sikkam''' a ƙaramar hukumar Balanga, tare da rumfunan zaɓe da ke Kulani da sauran wuraren da ke yankin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units — Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=30 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Garuruwa]] [[Rukuni:Kananan hukumomin jihar Gombe]] [[Rukuni:Garuruwa daga jihar Gombe]] 80j4qxbobrq7tbvrtnm7uvpa0up5u3x 0 177613 966828 962650 2026-10-12T13:46:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jirgin kasa a Najeriya''' ya kunshi hanyar jirgin kasa ta kasa mai nisan kilomita {{Cvt|3505|km|mi}} (2,178 3 ft 6 in () da kuma hanyar jirgin kasa mai nilan kilomita {{Cvt|669|km|mi}} (416 mi) na 1,1,435 mm (<templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css"></templatestyles>4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). Har ila yau, akwai shirye-shirye don hanyar jirgin ƙasa mai saurin gudu ta SG mai nisan kilomita {{Cvt|4000|km|mi}} (2,500 . Cibiyar sadarwa ta Cape tana cikin mummunan yanayi saboda rashin kulawa. A cikin 2019, layin ma'auni guda ɗaya na aiki daga Abuja zuwa Kaduna ya samar da kudaden shiga da yawa kamar yadda duk hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Cape ta haɗu.<ref name="pulse2019revenues2">{{cite news |date=7 August 2020 |title=NRC generated N3bn from train services in 2019 - MD |url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/train-services-nrc-generated-n3bn-in-2019-md/ |language=en |newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Gwamnatin Najeriya tana shirin tsawaita ma'auni na ma'aunin don maye gurbin mafi yawan Yammacin Layin, yayin da za a sake farfado da Layin Gabas a matsayin layin ma'aikatar Cape. Dukkanin jiragen kasa a Najeriya [[Nigerian Railway Corporation|Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Najeriya]] ne ke sarrafa su. An gina layin dogo na farko a kasar a cikin 1891 tsakanin Legas da Ibadan a karkashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Babban manufarta ita ce ta sauƙaƙe amfani da albarkatun Najeriya, kamar tin, kwal, da man fetur. An kuma yi amfani da hanyar jirgin kasa don inganta cinikayya tsakanin Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe, yana mai da kasuwancin tashar jirgin ƙasa babban ɓangare na tattalin arzikin mulkin mallaka na Najeriya. Cibiyar jirgin kasa ta fadada a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, kuma a lokacin da Najeriya ta sami' yancin kai a shekarar 1960, akwai sama da kilomita 3,000 (1,900 miles) na layin jirgin kasa a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Lola |title=Laying the Tracks |url=https://scientiang.com/laying-the-tracks |access-date=2026-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804132542/https://scientiang.com/laying-the-tracks |archive-date=2024-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Kamfanin Jirgin kasa na Najeriya ya kai fasinjoji miliyan 3.21, karuwar kashi 18.36% daga shekarar da ta gabata. Koyaya, kudaden shiga sun ragu da kashi 20% zuwa [[naira]] biliyan 4.55 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amata |first=Dennis |date=2023-05-03 |title=NRC's revenue drops by N1.2bn despite 18% passenger increase |url=https://www.dataphyte.com/latest-reports/nrcs-revenue-drops-by-n1-2bn-despite-18-passenger-increase/ |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Dataphyte |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027220222/https://www.dataphyte.com/latest-reports/nrcs-revenue-drops-by-n1-2bn-despite-18-passenger-increase/ |archive-date=2023-10-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cibiyar jirgin kasa == [[File:Train_station_Mobolaji_Johnson.jpg|thumb|Babban tashar jirgin kasa Legas a Ebute Metta]] [[File:Abeokuta_station.jpg|alt=Train station Abeokuta|thumb|Sabuwar tashar jirgin kasa a Abeokuta]] === Ma'auni na Cape === Kashi 80 cikin 100 na hanyoyin jirgin kasa na Najeriya na yanzu an gina su ne ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, [[Birtaniya|Biritaniya]]. An gina layin dogo zuwa ma'auni na 1,1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Cape, ma'aunin hanya iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi a yawancin sauran yankunan Burtaniya a Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways in Nigeria |url=https://www.sinfin.net/railways/world/nigeria.html}}</ref> Kasar tana da manyan layin dogo guda biyu na Cape: * Layin Yamma ya haɗa [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a kan [[Bight na Benin]] zuwa [[Nguru]] a arewacin jihar Yobe, a kan nisan kilomita 1,126 (700 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2021 |title=Nigeria soon to become home of Africa fastest train |url=https://ghanabusiness.net/nigeria-soon-to-become-home-of-africas-fastest-trains/ |access-date=30 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002043707/https://ghanabusiness.net/nigeria-soon-to-become-home-of-africas-fastest-trains/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Layin Gabas ya haɗa Port Harcourt a Kudu maso gabas zuwa [[Maiduguri]] a arewa maso gabashin jihar Borno, kusa da iyakar Chadi. Har ila yau, akwai layin reshe da yawa: * Layin Haɗi ya haɗa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a kan Layin Yamma zuwa [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] a kan Linin Gabas. * [[Ifaw]]-Ilaro (Layin Yamma), {{Convert|20|km|mi}} km (12 * [[Minna]]-[[Baro (Najeriya)|Baro]] (Layin Yamma), kilomita {{Convert|150|km|mi}} (93 * Zaria-[[Kaura Namoda]] (Layin Yamma), {{Convert|245|km|mi}} km (152 . * [[Kuru, Najeriya|Kuru]]-[[Jos]] (Layin Gabas), {{Convert|55|km|mi}} * [[Baro-Kano Railway Station|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Baro-Kano]] (Layin Arewa), {{Convert|200|km|mi|-1}} . Cibiyar sadarwa ta NRC ba ta haɗu da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta jihohin makwabta ba. Koyaya, a watan Fabrairun 2021, an fara gini a kan hanyar haɗi ta cape-gauge daga Kano zuwa Maradi, birni na biyu mafi girma a Nijar, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mota-Engil SGPS SA na Portugal, tare da ƙaddamarwa da shirin a 2023, wanda zai zama ɗaya daga cikin layin dogo na farko a Nijar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-14 |title=Nigeria-Niger (Kano-Maradi) Railway line construction begins |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/nigeria/nigeria-niger-kano-maradi-railway-line-construction-begins/ |access-date=2021-12-04 |website=Construction Review Online |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128233112/https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/nigeria/nigeria-niger-kano-maradi-railway-line-construction-begins/ |archive-date=2022-01-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Lines na ma'auni === A shekara ta 2006, gwamnati ta yi kwangila tare da Kamfanin Gine-gine na Injiniya na China (CCECC) don gina tashar jirgin kasa ta Legas-dakuma hanyar kano.<ref name="bbc2">{{cite news |date=7 December 2017 |title=Getting Nigeria's railways back on track with China's help |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42172955 |access-date=7 December 2017 |work=BBC News |agency=BBC News}}</ref> Daga baya aka yanke shawarar kammala aikin a sassa saboda rashin kudade.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news |date=7 December 2017 |title=Getting Nigeria's railways back on track with China's help |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42172955 |access-date=7 December 2017 |work=BBC News |agency=BBC News}}</ref> Bayan jinkiri da yawa, ɓangaren daga Abuja zuwa Kaduna (kilomita 187) ya buɗe a hukumance a ranar 26 ga Yuli.<ref name="gazette20162">{{cite news |title=President inaugurates Abuja – Kaduna railway |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/president-inaugurates-abuja-kaduna-railway.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929141136/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/president-inaugurates-abuja-kaduna-railway.html |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=26 July 2016 |work=Railway Gazette}}</ref> . &nbsp;Kudin ya kai dala miliyan 870. Layin, wanda ya fara a Idu, {{Cvt|20|km|mi}} km (12 yammacin tsakiyar Abuja, yana buƙatar sa'o'i biyu na lokacin tafiya don jiragen kasa tare da matsakaicin saurin {{Cvt|100|km/h|mph}} km / h (62 . A watan Agustan 2020, NRC ta ba da rahoton cewa kusan kashi 50% na kudaden shiga na dukkan hanyar jirgin kasa (kimanin kilomita 4,000) za a samar da su ta hanyar ma'auni na Abuja-Kaduna.<ref name="Abuja_Kaduna">{{Cite web |last=Keith Barrow |date=2016-07-26 |title=Nigeria inaugurates Abuja – Kaduna railway |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/nigeria-inaugurates-abuja-kabuna-railway.html?channel=000 |access-date=2016-08-22 |website=Railjournal |language=en}}</ref> &nbsp;'Yan Najeriya suna son ɗaukar jirgin ƙasa tsakanin babban birnin Abuja da birni mafi girma na gaba Kaduna saboda babbar hanyar da ke tsakanin biranen biyu ita ce manufa ta yau da kullun ga masu fashi. Tafiyar jirgin kasa ita ce mafi aminci ga mota ga mazaunan biranen biyu. An fara hanyar jirgin kasa ta Warri-Itakpe a shekarar 1987 a matsayin hanyar jirgin kasa na farko a Najeriya, amma an kammala shi ne kawai a shekarar 2020 - bayan da aka riga aka bude layin Abuja-Kaduna. An tsara layin ne a matsayin Hanyar jirgin kasa ta masana'antu don samar da ma'adinin ƙarfe na Ajaokuta Itake da ma'aunin ƙarfe daga Itakpe da kwal da aka shigo da su ta tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Warri]]. Kodayake an fara shirin kammala ginin ne a cikin shekaru biyar, kudade na lokaci-lokaci sun shimfiɗa lokacin ginin sama da shekaru 30. A watan Agustan 2017, Ministan Sufuri ya ba da sanarwar cewa Kamfanin Injiniyan Injiniya na China da [[Julius Berger]] za su kammala hanyar jirgin kasa. A ranar 29 ga Satumba 2020, Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ne ya kaddamar da Warri-Itakpe Railway a hukumance a cikin wani bikin kama-da-wane. Jiragen fasinja suna gudana a kan layin ma'auni tun watan Oktoba 2020 da jiragen ruwa na kaya tun watan Afrilu 2021. Ana ci gaba da gini a kan tsawo zuwa Abuja, inda zai haɗu da sashin Abuja-Kaduna na Legas-Kano Standard Gauge Railway. Sashe na kilomita {{Cvt|157|km|mi}} (98 Legas-Ibadan ya fara gini a watan Maris na shekara ta 2017 kuma an kaddamar da shi a ranar 10 ga Yuni 2021. Ita ce layin ma'auni na farko na hanya biyu a Yammacin Afirka. Tafiyar Legas zuwa Ibadan tana ɗaukar sa'o'i biyu da rabi, rabin tsawon lokacin da tafiyar mota ta yi daidai. Dukkanin sassan (ma'auni na al'ada, aji na kasuwanci da aji na farko) winduna suna da iska mai sanyaya kuma suna da allo uku na sama. Ana sanye da kujerun taga tare da tashoshin caji na USB.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunji Saliu |date=2021-09-02 |editor-last= |title=(Hello Africa) Chinese-built Lagos-Ibadan railway brings convenience, opportunities in Nigeria |url=http://www.news.cn/english/2021-09/02/c_1310164330.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201164526/http://www.news.cn/english/2021-09/02/c_1310164330.htm |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=XINHUANET.com |language=en}}</ref> Masu sukar sun haɗa da gaskiyar cewa ba a samun tikiti a kan layi kuma kawai don biyan kuɗi, kuma akwai tafiye-tafiye uku kawai a rana a kowane bangare. Akwai yabo ga daidaito da tsabtace jiragen kasa. "Red Line" na Legas' Mass Rail Transit, wanda a halin yanzu ake ginawa, zai raba wannan hanyar da hakkin-hanya tare da layin dogo na Legas-rail line.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lagos-Ibadan rail project ready in 2018 — Osinbajo |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/225454-lagos-ibadan-rail-project-ready-2018-osinbajo.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-10-27 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>. An gina gine-ginen tashar zamani tare da dukkan sabbin layin ma'auni. Sabuwar babbar tashar Legas, ''Mobolaji Johnson'', alal misali, tana ba da ɗakunan jira masu sanyaya iska, masu bada damar shiga waƙoƙi, allon nuni na filin jirgin sama na lokutan tashi, ɗakunan wanka masu tsabta, ma'aikatan da aka horar don gaggawa na likita, da sauransu. === Jirgin ƙasa na 762 mm === A 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) ma'auni Bauchi Light Railway aiki tsakanin [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]] da Bukuru a kan nisan {{Convert|143|mi|km}} kuma an buɗe shi a matakai tsakanin 1912 da 1914. A cikin 1927 sashin {{Convert|10|mi|km}} (10 tsakanin [[Jos]] da Bukuru an canza shi zuwa 1,1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) ya zama wani ɓangare na layin reshe na Kafanchan zuwa Jos. Sashe na 2 ft 6in Zaria-Jos ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1957 lokacin da aka watsar da shi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url-status=578–581}}</ref>&nbsp; Har ila yau, akwai ɗan gajeren lokaci na 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) Wushishi Tramway wanda ya haɗa Wushishi da Zungeru (19 kilomita ko 12 miles) a cikin 1901 kuma wanda aka tsawaita a cikin 1902 daga Wushishi zuwa Bari-Juko (16 kilomita ko 10 miles). Ya rufe a kusa da 1911 tare da Hunslet guda biyu da aka gina 0-6-2T locomotives da aka canja shi zuwa Bauchi .<ref name=":0" /> Dole ne a ambaci Legas Steam Tramway (1902) <ref>{{Cite magazine|url-status=103–106}}</ref> da Legas Sanitary Tramway (1906), duka biyu na 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) ma'auni. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> === Cibiyar sadarwa mai saurin gudu da aka tsara === Cibiyar jirgin kasa mai saurin gudu mai nisan kilomita {{Cvt|4000|km|mi}} (2,500 da aka tsara ta sami kashi 90% na amincewar doka har zuwa Oktoba 2025. Kamfanin De-Sadel na Abuja da abokin tarayya China Liancai Petroleum Investment Holdings sun gabatar da tsare-tsaren da suka kai dala biliyan 60.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-13 |title=African $60 billion high-speed rail project takes shape |url=https://www.newsweek.com/african-high-speed-rail-nigeria-2112789 |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-08-15 |title=Nigeria: a 4,000 km high-speed rail project for 60 billion dollars |url=https://www.financialafrik.com/en/2025/08/15/nigeria-a-4000-km-high-speed-rail-project-for-60-billion-dollars/ |access-date=2025-10-10 |website=Financial Afrik |language=en-US}}</ref> Sashe na farko na aikin an yi niyyar haɗa Legas ta hanyar Abuja zuwa Kano da Abuja zuwa Port Harcourt. A lokacin mataki na biyu, za a gina layin gabas zuwa yamma guda biyu: daya a bakin tekun kuma wani a arewa, wanda ke haɗa [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]] ta Kano zuwa [[Borno|Jihar Borno]]. Mataki na uku zai ga gina layin tsakiya na gabas zuwa yamma daga Kaduna zuwa [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]] . == Tarihi == === Gine-gine === Ginin layin dogo a Najeriya ya fara ne daga Legas Colony zuwa [[Ibadan]] a watan Maris na shekara ta 1896, ta gwamnatin Burtaniya. Jirgin kasa na Gwamnatin Legas ya fara aiki a watan Maris na shekara ta 1901 kuma an tsawaita shi zuwa [[Minna]] a shekara ta 1911, inda ya sadu da [[Baro-Kano Railway Station|Tashar jirgin kasa ta Baro-Kano]] wacce gwamnatin [[Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]] ta gina tsakanin 1907 da 1911. An haɗa layin biyu a cikin 1912 a cikin Ma'aikatar Jirgin kasa ta Gwamnati, wanda ya riga ya zama Kamfanin Jirgin na Najeriya. Hanyar jirgin kasa ta kai iyakar arewa maso gabashin [[Nguru]] a cikin 1930. Bayan an gano kwal a [[Udi]], an gina Eastern Railway zuwa Port Harcourt tsakanin 1913 da 1916. An tsawaita wannan hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] ta hanyar [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]] a cikin 1927, ta haɗa Railway ta Gabas zuwa Railway na Legas-Kano. An tsawaita hanyar jirgin kasa ta Gabas zuwa tashar arewa maso gabashin [[Maiduguri]] tsakanin 1958 da 1964. === Raguwa === [[File:Public_service_gone_Public.jpg|thumb|Jirgin da aka watsar.]] Shekaru na sakaci na kayan aiki da kuma haƙƙin hanya sun rage ƙarfi da amfani da tsarin sosai. Haɗin [https://web.archive.org/web/20090521124013/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/Museum/Transport/Trains/ABC/ABC01.htm ABC (Automatic Buffing Contact Coupler)] irin, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa da ƙuƙwan da ba na mai juyawa ba suma sun zama tsofaffi. A farkon shekara ta 2013, kawai ɓangaren aiki na hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Najeriya ya kasance tsakanin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] da [[Kano (birni)|Kano]]. Jirgin fasinja ya ɗauki awanni 31 don kammala tafiyar a matsakaicin saurin {{Cvt|45|km/h|mph}} km / h (28 .<div style="text-align:center;"><templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css" />{{Col-begin}} {{Col-break}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+ Passenger traffic<ref name="komolafe2015">{{cite news|last1=Komolafe|first1=Oladayo|title=Overseeing the resurrection of Nigerian railways {{!}} NAN|url=http://nannewsnigeria.com/news-analysis-overseeing-resurrection-nigerian-railways|agency=News Agency of Nigeria|date=17 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726153512/http://nannewsnigeria.com/news-analysis-overseeing-resurrection-nigerian-railways|archive-date=26 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reports {{!}} National Bureau of Statistics |url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/1241483 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=nigerianstat.gov.ng}}</ref> |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Passengers |- | 1964 || 11,288,000 |- | 1974 || 4,342,000 |- | 1978 || 6,700,000 |- | 1984 || 15,500,000 |- | 1991 || 3,000,000 |- | 2003 || 1,600,000 |- | 2022 || 3,212,948 |- | 2023 || 2,182,388 |} {{Col-break}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+ Freight traffic<ref name="komolafe2015"/> |- ! scope="col" | Year ! scope="col" | Freight (tonnes) |- | 1964 || 2,960,000 |- | 1974 || 1,098,000 |- | 2000 || &lt; 100,000 |} {{Col-end}}</div> === Gyara === [[File:Train_station_Mobolaji_Johnson.jpg|alt=Main railway station Lagos|thumb|Tashar jirgin kasa Mobolaji Johnson, zane-zane]] [[File:VLT_de_Abuja.jpg|alt=Abuja VLT|thumb|Abuja VLT]] An fara aikin dawo da layin dogo na Najeriya tun shekara ta 2009. Layin gabas daga Port Harcourt zuwa [[Maiduguri]] an mayar da shi a farashin dala miliyan 427 ta Lingo Najeriya, Eser West Africa, da China Gezhouba Group. Don magance yanayin talauci, inganci, da riba na layin dogo na kasar, gwamnati tana kuma neman mallakar [[Nigerian Railway Corporation|Kamfanin Jirgin kasa na Najeriya]]. A karkashin shirin mallakar, za a raba layin dogo zuwa sassan uku, kowannensu za a ba shi kyauta na tsawon shekaru 25-30. A cikin 2019, layin dogo na Cape gauge yana da locomotives 15 kawai masu aiki. Layin Abuja-Kaduna mai nisan kilomita 187 ya samar da kudaden shiga da yawa a cikin 2019 kamar yadda aka haɗa dukkan hanyar jirgin kasa ta Cape gauge mai nisan km {{Cvt|3505|km|mi}} (2,178 .&nbsp; == Tsarin Metro == Tsarin metro da yawa suna aiki ko kuma suna cikin gini: * [[Abuja Light Rail]], an buɗe shi a ƙarshen 2017 * Legas Rail Mass Transit, an buɗe shi a watan Satumbar 2023 * [[Layin Dogo Na Jihar Rivers|Kogin Monorail]] a Port Harcourt[[Port Harcourt|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]] * Jirgin ruwa na Calabar * [[Kaduna State Light rail|Jirgin kasa mai haske na jihar Kaduna]] == Taswirar == === Hanyoyin Kasa / Intercity === [[File:Railway_map_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb|Cibiyar sadarwa da ke akwai (hanyoyin aiki a halin yanzu a ja) ]] === Hanyoyin Metro na Abuja === [[File:Abuja_Rail_Mass_Transit.svg|thumb|Hasken wuta na Abuja]] === Hanyoyin Metro na Legas === [[File:2lineslagos2.jpg|thumb|Hasken wuta na Legas]]   * Jirgin ƙasa na Legas == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Tashoshin Jiragen Ƙasa a Najeriya|Tashoshin jirgin kasa a Najeriya]] * Tarin hotuna na Jaekel, 1926-c.1970s - Wannan tarin ya ƙunshi hotuna daban-daban, bugawa da posters na locomotives da tsare-tsaren da suka shafi [[Nigerian Railway Corporation|Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Najeriya]]. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kyby7evykhnrmqagbkhklhaffk2zif2 0 177687 967069 961035 2026-10-13T06:40:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Jersey tana wakiltar dogaro da Crown a wasannin kurket na mata na duniya. Sun zama memba mai alaƙa da Majalisar Cricket ta Duniya (ICC) a shekarar 2005, kuma sun zama memba mai haɗin gwiwa a shekarar 2007. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2012, Jersey ta lashe gasar Cricket ta mata ta Turai da aka shirya a Utrecht, inda ta doke Jamus a wasan karshe. A watan Afrilun 2018, ICC ta ba wa dukkan membobinta cikakken matsayin mata na Twenty20 International (WT20I). Saboda haka, duk wasannin Twenty20 da aka buga tsakanin matan Jersey da sauran membobin ICC bayan 1 ga Yuli 2018 suna da cikakken matsayin WT20I. <ref name="status">{{Cite web |title=All T20I matches to get international status |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/672322 |access-date=26 April 2018 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Jersey ta buga wasanta na farko na WT20I a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2019, inda ta sha kashi a hannun maƙwabciyarta Guernsey da wickets bakwai a gasar cin kofin T20 Inter-Insular ta 2019 a College Field, Saint Peter Port . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey Women beat Jersey in islands' first full international |url=https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2019-06-03/guernsey-women-beat-jersey-in-islands-first-full-international |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=ITV}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=InfrasoftTech Women's T20I Inter Insular Cup |url=https://cricclubs.com/GuernseyCricketBoard/viewScorecard.do?matchId=1375&clubId=4869 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605154514/https://cricclubs.com/GuernseyCricketBoard/viewScorecard.do?matchId=1375&clubId=4869 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=cricclubs.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guernsey Women vs Jersey Women |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/jersey-wmn-in-guernsey-2019-1185206/guernsey-women-vs-jersey-women-only-t20i-1185208/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Sun sami nasarar farko ta WT20I daga baya a wannan shekarar lokacin da suka doke Norway da wickets bakwai a ranar 1 ga Agusta a rana ta biyu ta gasar cin kofin mata ta Faransa T20I Quadrangular Series ta 2019 da aka gudanar a [[Nantes]] . Da nasarori huɗu da rashin nasara biyu, Jersey ta zo ta biyu a bayan mai masaukin baki Faransa a gasar da ta haɗa da Austria . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=Young cricketers take second in "unbelievable" tournament |url=https://www.bailiwickexpress.com/jsy/news/young-cricketeers-take-second-place-unbelievable-tournament/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=Bailiwick Express}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WT20 Quad France 2019 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/wt20-quad-france-2019-1193663 |access-date=2024-06-03 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Tawagar Jersey a wurin taron ta ƙunshi 'yan wasa da dama da har yanzu suna makaranta, ciki har da Nia Greig, wacce 'yar shekara 11 da kwana 40 kacal, ta zama ƙaramar 'yar wasan kurket ta ƙasa da ƙasa lokacin da ta buga wasan farko na 'yan tsibirin da Faransa. <ref> {{Cite web |title=Youngest international cricketer |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/577860-youngest-international-cricket-player-on-debut |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=Guinness World Records}}</ref> <ref> {{Cite web |title=ICC prohibit under 15s from playing international cricket |url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/international/icc_prohibit_under_15s_international_cricket.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=The Cricketer}}</ref> Trinity Smith ta zira kwallaye na farko a tarihin WT20I a Jersey a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2022, inda ta zira kwallaye 59 ba tare da an cire ta ba a wasan da ta buga da Spain a gasar cin kofin mata ta T20I Quadrangular Series ta 2022. <ref> {{Cite web |title=Jersey Women vs Spain Women |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-t20i-quadrangular-series-in-france-2022-1310205/jersey-women-vs-spain-women-3rd-match-1310212/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-06-03 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey register third win of the quadrangular series |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/jersey-register-second-win-of-the-quadrangular-series |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809032024/https://www.womenscriczone.com/jersey-register-second-win-of-the-quadrangular-series |archive-date=9 August 2024 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Women's CricZone |publisher=womenscriczone.com}}</ref> Duk da rashin kaye a gasar, Jersey ta lashe gasar a Dreux wadda ta hada da Faransa da Austria. <ref> {{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Jersey Women on the up |url=https://www.jerseyeveningpost.com/sport/2022/05/09/jersey-women-on-the-up/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=Jersey Evening Post}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unbeaten Jersey make it four-in-four to win Quadrangular T20I trophy in France |url=https://www.womenscriczone.com/jersey-finish-the-quadrangular-in-france-unbeaten-to-win-the-trophy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508043511/https://www.womenscriczone.com/jersey-finish-the-quadrangular-in-france-unbeaten-to-win-the-trophy |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=2024-06-20 |publisher=womenscriczone.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2022 |title=Eurowrap: Jersey's women win in France, while Finland's men give Denmark a fright |url=https://emergingcricket.com/news/eurowrap-jerseys-women-win-in-france-while-finlands-men-give-denmark-a-fright/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |publisher=Emerging Cricket}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, Jersey ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta T20I Inter-Insular Cup, inda ta lashe dukkan wasanni uku a gida da Guernsey. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=A home hat-trick |url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/sport/more/cricket/2022/06/27/a-home-hat-trick/ |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=Jersey Evening Post}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, an sanar da cewa an zabi Jersey don karbar bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta T20 ta ICC ta shekarar 2023, wacce za a gudanar a watan Mayu da Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2023 |title=Jersey to host 2024 Women's T20 World Cup qualifier |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/64469655 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey to Host Women's T20 World Cup Pathway Event |url=https://www.jerseycricket.je/latest-news/jersey-to-host-womens-t20-world-cup-pathway-event |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=Jersey Cricket}}</ref> A wurin taron, 'yan tsibirin sun kare a matsayi na uku cikin kungiyoyi shida, inda suka rasa damar zuwa mataki na gaba na cancantar shiga gasar. A lokacin gasar, Chloe Greenchan ta zama mace ta farko a Jersey da ta yi nasarar cin kwallo biyar a WT20Is lokacin da ta samu maki 5/4 a wasan da ta yi da Sweden a zagaye 108 a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2023 |title=T20 World Cup qualifier: Jersey thrash Sweden by 108 runs for record victory |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/65787788 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey aim to build on record-breaking week of cricket |url=https://www.thegantry.je/jersey-womens-cricket/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606062732/https://www.thegantry.je/jersey-womens-cricket/ |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=2024-06-05 |publisher=The Gantry}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, Jersey ta buga wasa da Guernsey a gasar cin kofin mata ta T20I Inter-Insular Cup ta 2023 a filin wasa na King George V Sports da ke Castel . A karo na biyu a jere sun lashe gasar da ci 3-0, inda abin da ya fi daukar hankali shi ne wasa na uku inda suka samu maki mafi girma a gasar WT20I zuwa yanzu - 196/3 - kafin su kori masu masaukin baki da maki 39 don cin nasara da maki 157, wanda hakan ya zama sabon tarihi na babban nasarar da suka samu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2023 |title=Jersey set new record T20 victory as they thrash Guernsey in inter-insulars |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/66019910 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Jersey ta ci gaba da lashe gasar cin kofin WT20I Inter-insular Cup a shekara ta uku a jere a shekarar 2024, inda ta lashe wasa daya tilo a Grainville Cricket Ground da ke St Saviour da maki 104. Da suka yi ta bugun ƙwallo, 'yan tsibirin sun ci ƙwallaye 157 gaba ɗaya, Charlie Miles ya yi ƙwallo 68 daga ƙwallaye 42, kafin su kori Guernsey da ƙwallo 53 kacal, yayin da Sophia Hanson ta ɗauki ƙwallo 3/7. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey women win inter-insular |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2024/articles/000007/000773.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805225436/https://cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2024/articles/000007/000773.shtml |archive-date=5 August 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=Cricket Europe}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2024 |title=Jersey beat Guernsey to win inter-island T20 title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/cz47r270vrlo |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2024, Jersey ta lashe gasar Challenger Division ta Turai ta T10, inda ta yi rashin nasara a duk tsawon gasar a Spain, sannan ta doke [[Kungiyar wasan kurket ta mata ta Jamus|Jamus]] da maki 15 a wasan karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=Jersey win European Cricket Championship Challenger title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/cn54y31wn02o |access-date=14 December 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2024 |title=Jersey Crowned Champions of the Inaugural ECC-W Challenger Division |url=https://www.ecn.cricket/series/ecc-w-challenger-2024-7160/news/jersey-crowned-champions-of-the-inaugural-ecc-w-challenger-division |access-date=15 December 2024 |publisher=European Cricket Network}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2024 |title=Jersey Ladies are European Cricket Champions! |url=https://jerseyeveningpost.com/sport/more/cricket/2024/12/16/jersey-ladies-are-european-cricket-champions/ |access-date=16 December 2024 |publisher=Jersey Evening Post}}</ref> Sun biyo bayan wannan nasarar ta hanyar lashe gasar WT20I ta wasanni biyu da Gibraltar a Europa Sports Park, inda suka yi nasara da maki takwas da kuma maki tara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2024 |title=Jersey cruise to T20 wins against Gibraltar |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c5yv2emz7zpo |access-date=16 December 2024 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2025, Jersey ta lashe gasar Quadrangular Series ta Cyprus WT20I, inda ta mamaye teburin gasar da nasarori shida daga wasanni shida da ta yi a gasar, wadanda suka hada da masu masaukin baki, Denmark da kuma Isle of Man . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2025 |title='Tremendous' Jersey win six out of six in Cyprus |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c1egv1j137do |access-date=22 April 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey women win Cyprus quadrangular |url=https://www.cricketeurope.com/DATABASE/ARTICLES2025/articles/000017/001748.shtml |access-date=24 April 2025 |publisher=Cricket Europe}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Mayu na 2025, Jersey ta kare a matsayi na uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta T20 ta Turai a shekarar 2025 a [[Rum|Rome]], inda ta samu nasara biyu daga wasanni biyar da ta buga, wanda hakan ya sa ta sake rasa damar zuwa mataki na gaba na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2025 |title=Jersey out of T20 World Cup qualifiers after Sweden loss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/cn4q1wx4n91o |access-date=29 May 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yuli 2025, Jersey ta doke Guernsey da maki 89 a ƙarƙashin hanyar DLS a wasan da ruwan sama ya shafa a Castel don lashe Kofin Duniya na WT20I na shekara ta huɗu a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey thrash Guernsey to retain inter-island crown |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/c75rvz6ny4eo |access-date=7 July 2025 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Jersey ta ci gaba da riƙe gasar cin kofin WT20I Inter-Insular a shekara ta biyar a jere a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2026, inda ta doke Guernsey da ci 2-0, inda duka wasannin suka ƙare da nasara da maki 100. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jersey thrash Guernsey to retain inter-island T20 title |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c5yz04pjdrgo |access-date=23 June 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Rikodi da ƙididdiga == '''Takaitaccen Bayani Game da Wasannin Ƙasashen Duniya&nbsp;— Matan Jersey''' <ref name="T20I">{{Cite web |title=Records / Jersey Women / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/results_summary.html?class=10;id=6627;type=team |publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref> ''An sabunta shi na ƙarshe a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2026'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;" | colspan="7" align="center" |'''Rikodin Wasa''' |- ! Tsarin ! M ! W ! L ! T ! NR ! Wasan Farko |- | align="left" | Twenty20 Internationals | 52 | 34 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 31 Mayu 2019 |} === Twenty20 International === * Jimillar yawan 'yan wasa: 214/4 da Denmark a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2025 a Happy Valley Ground, Episkopi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / Jersey women / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / Highest totals |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/team/highest_innings_totals.html?class=10;id=6627;type=team |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> * Mafi girman maki na mutum ɗaya: 85, Aimee Aikenhead da Guernsey a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2026 a Grainville Cricket Ground, Saint Saviour da 85 *, Grace Wetherall da Switzerland a Embrach Cricket Ground, Embrach a ranar 27 ga Yuli 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / Jersey women / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / Top Scores |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_innings.html?class=10;id=6627;type=team |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> * Mafi kyawun 'yan wasan bowling na mutum ɗaya: 5/4, Chloe Greekchan da Sweden a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2023 a FB Playing Fields, St Clement . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Records / Jersey women / Women's Twenty20 Internationals / Best Bowling figures |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best_figures_innings.html?class=10;id=6627;type=team |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> '''Rikodin T20I idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashe''' <ref name="T20I" /> ''An kammala bayanan zuwa WT20I #2934.'' ''An sabunta shi na ƙarshe a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2026.'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;" !Opponent !M !W !L !T !NR !First match !First win |- | colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" |'''ICC Associate members''' |- | align="left" |{{Crw|AUT}} |3 |2 |1 |0 |0 |1 August 2019 |3 August 2019 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|BRA}} |3 |0 |3 |0 |0 |3 September 2025 | |- | align="left" |{{Crw|CYP}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |18 April 2025 |18 April 2025 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|DEN}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |18 April 2025 |18 April 2025 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|FRA}} |5 |3 |2 |0 |0 |31 July 2019 |2 August 2019 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|GER}} |4 |1 |3 |0 |0 |30 May 2023 |27 July 2024 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|GIB}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |15 December 2024 |15 December 2024 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|GUE}} |10 |9 |1 |0 |0 |31 May 2019 |25 June 2022 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|IOM}} |4 |3 |1 |0 |0 |19 April 2025 |19 April 2025 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|ITA}} |4 |1 |3 |0 |0 |29 May 2023 |29 May 2023 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|NED}} |3 |0 |2 |0 |1 |24 August 2023 | |- | align="left" |{{Crw|NOR}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |1 August 2019 |1 August 2019 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|ESP}} |3 |3 |0 |0 |0 |6 May 2022 |6 May 2022 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|SWE}} |2 |1 |1 |0 |0 |2 June 2023 |2 June 2023 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|SUI}} |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |27 July 2026 |27 July 2026 |- | align="left" |{{Crw|TUR}} |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |30 May 2023 |30 May 2023 |} == Tarihin gasa == === Kofin Duniya na Mata na ICC === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="8" |Tarihin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- ! width="150" | Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[1973 Women's Cricket World Cup|1973]] | colspan="7" rowspan="13" | Ban cancanta ba/Babu matsayin ODI na mata |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[1978 Women's Cricket World Cup|1978]] |- |{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[1982 Women's Cricket World Cup|1982]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[1988 Women's Cricket World Cup|1988]] |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[1993 Women's Cricket World Cup|1993]] |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[1997 Women's Cricket World Cup|1997]] |- |{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[2000 Women's Cricket World Cup|2000]] |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[2005 Women's Cricket World Cup|2005]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[2009 Women's Cricket World Cup|2009]] |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[2013 Women's Cricket World Cup|2013]] |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[2017 Women's Cricket World Cup|2017]] |- |{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} [[2022 Women's Cricket World Cup|2022]] |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[Women's Cricket World Cup|2025]] |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''0/13''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} === Duniyar Mata ta ICC T20 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" ! colspan="8" |Tarihin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Twenty20 |- ! width="150" | Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[2009 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2009]] | colspan="7" rowspan="10" | Ban cancanta ba |- |{{Flagicon|West Indies}} [[2010 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2010]] |- |{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[2012 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2012]] |- |{{Flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[2014 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2014]] |- |{{Flagicon|India}} [[2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2016]] |- |{{Flagicon|West Indies}} [[2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2018]] |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[2020 ICC Women's World Twenty20|2020]] |- |{{Flagicon|South Africa}} [[2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2023]] |- |{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2024]] |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[2026 ICC Women's T20 World Cup|2026]] |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''0/10''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} === Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta ICC ta 220 a Turai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin gasar cin kofin mata ta ICC ta Twenty20 Qualifier ta Turai |- ! width="150" | Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[2019 ICC Women's Qualifier Europe|2019]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | Ban shiga ba |- |{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[2021 ICC Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier|2021]] |- | style="border: 3px solid red" |{{Flagicon|Jersey}} [[2023 Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier|2023]] | DNQ | – | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |- |{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[2025 Women's T20 World Cup Europe Qualifier|2025]] | DNQ | – | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''2/4''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''10''' | '''5''' | '''5''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} === Gasar Kurket ta Mata ta Turai === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" ! colspan="9" |Tarihin Gasar Kurket ta Mata ta Turai |- ! width="150" | Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[1989 Women's European Cricket Cup|1989]] | colspan="8" rowspan="12" | Ban shiga ba |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[1990 Women's European Cricket Cup|1990]] |- |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[1991 Women's European Cricket Cup|1991]] |- |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[1995 Women's European Cricket Cup|1995]] |- |{{Flagicon|Denmark}} [[1999 Women's European Cricket Championship|1999]] |- |{{Flagicon|England}} [[2001 Women's European Cricket Championship|2001]] |- |{{Flagicon|Wales}} 2005 |- |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} 2007 |- |{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[2009 Women's European Cricket Championship|2009]] |- |{{Flagicon|Scotland}} 2010 |- |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} [[2011 Women's European Cricket Championship|2011]] |- |{{Flagicon|England}} 2014 |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''0/12''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} === Wasan Kurket a Gasar Olympics ta bazara === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin Cricket a Gasar Olympics ta bazara |- ! width="150" | Mai masaukin baki<br /><br /><br /><br /> Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|United States}} [[Cricket at the 2028 Summer Olympics|2028]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | Za a ƙaddara |- |{{Flagicon|Australia}} [[Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2028|2032]] |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''–''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} === Kofin Zakarun T20 na Mata na ICC === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width=900px;" ! colspan="9" |Rikodin Kofin Zakarun T20 na Mata na ICC |- ! width="150" | Mai masaukin baki<br /><br /><br /><br /> Shekara ! width="150" | Zagaye ! width="50" | Matsayi ! width="50" | Babban Likitan mata (GP) ! width="50" | W ! width="50" | L ! width="50" | T ! width="50" | NR |- |{{Flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[ICC Women's Champions Trophy|2027]] | colspan="8" rowspan="2" | Za a ƙaddara |- |[[ICC Women's Champions Trophy|2031]] |- | '''Jimilla''' | '''–''' | '''Lakabi 0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' | '''0''' |} == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 80yayq8c6hosgtf5sqezhsmnngnupcy 0 177804 966949 966723 2026-10-12T20:39:26Z Msani159 49950 966949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mukhtar Sani Saulawa | birth_date = 3 Fabrairu 1995 | birth_place = Hinna, Yamaltu-Deba, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | education = [[Aligarh Muslim University]]; [[Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic]] | occupation = Ɗan jarida; mai samar da abun cikin dijital; mai sadarwa | employer = [[North-Eastern University]] | known_for = Aikin jarida, sadarwar dijital da kafa Open Skills Academy }} '''Mukhtar Sani Saulawa''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin jarida, samar da abun cikin dijital da sadarwa. Yana aiki a fannin sadarwa da yaɗa bayanai a [[North-Eastern University]], Gombe. Haka kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa Open Skills Academy, wata cibiyar koyar da ƙwarewar dijital. == Rayuwa da asali == An haifi Mukhtar Sani Saulawa a Hinna, Ƙaramar Hukumar Yamaltu-Deba, Jihar Gombe, Najeriya, a shekarar 1995. Iyayensa sun fito ne daga Jihar Katsina, kuma yana da alaƙa da Saulawa. An haife shi kafin ƙirƙirar Jihar Gombe a shekarar 1996. == Ilimi == Saulawa ya fara karatunsa na firamare a Talba Ibrahim Model Science Primary School da ke Kofar Marusa, Katsina. Daga nan ya halarci Government College, Katsina Junior, domin karatun ƙaramar sakandare, sannan ya ci gaba da karatun babbar sakandare a Government College Katsina Pilot. Daga baya ya yi karatun National Diploma (ND) a fannin Mass Communication a [[Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic]] daga shekarar 2017 zuwa 2019. Ya kuma yi karatun B.A. (Hons) a fannin Political Science a [[Aligarh Muslim University]], Indiya, daga shekarar 2022 zuwa 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jarida da kafofin yaɗa labarai == Saulawa ya yi aiki a fannin aikin jarida, shirya labarai, samar da bidiyo, ɗaukar hoto da gudanar da kafofin sada zumunta. Tun daga shekarar 2019, ya yi aiki a Radio Nigeria – Jewel FM a matsayin mai gabatar da labarai, mai shirya shirye-shirye da mai samar da abun cikin kafofin yaɗa labarai. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da shirya da gabatar da labaran Hausa da kuma samar da abubuwan da ake yaɗawa ta kafafen dijital.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> Ya kuma kafa Barewa Radio, gidan rediyo na intanet, inda ya riƙe matsayin Founder da Station Manager. Haka kuma ya kafa The Daily Fact, dandalin labarai, inda ya kasance Founder da Editor-in-Chief.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin sadarwa a jami'a == Saulawa yana aiki a [[North-Eastern University]], Gombe, inda ayyukansa suka haɗa da samar da hotuna da bidiyo, rubuta labaran jami'a, samar da abun cikin dijital da gudanar da kafofin sada zumunta. Bayanan ƙwararrunsa sun bayyana shi a matsayin Assistant Information Officer da Video Content Producer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2026, an bayyana shi a matsayin Public Relations Officer (PRO) na jami'ar a cikin rahoton da ya shafi ƙarin albashin ma'aikatan jami'ar.<ref>{{cite news |title=North-Eastern University Gombe announces up to 65% salary increase for staff |url=https://guardian.ng/education/north-eastern-university-gombe-announces-up-to-65-salary-increase-for-staff/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=1 September 2026 |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> A ranar 1 Satumba 2026, ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar jami'ar da ta bayyana ƙarin albashi tsakanin kashi 40 zuwa 65 cikin 100 ga ma'aikata. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa wannan shi ne ƙarin albashi na uku da jami'ar ta aiwatar cikin shekaru uku.<ref>{{cite news |title=North-Eastern University Gombe announces up to 65% salary increase for staff |url=https://guardian.ng/education/north-eastern-university-gombe-announces-up-to-65-salary-increase-for-staff/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=1 September 2026 |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> A watan Satumba 2026, an kuma wallafa rahoto game da ɗaukaka Dr Mohammad Sani Isyaka zuwa matsayin Farfesa na Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, wadda za ta fara aiki daga 1 Oktoba 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=40-year-old becomes Gombe’s youngest professor |url=https://www.thestar.ng/40-year-old-becomes-gombes-youngest-professor/ |work=The Star Nigeria |date=30 September 2026 |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> == Open Skills Academy == '''Open Skills Academy (OSA)''' wata cibiyar koyar da ƙwarewar dijital ce da Mukhtar Sani Saulawa ya kafa domin taimaka wa mutane su samu ƙwarewar da za su iya amfani da ita wajen aiki, kasuwanci da ƙirƙirar abun cikin dijital. Cibiyar tana mai da hankali kan horar da mutane a fannonin samar da abun cikin dijital, ƙirƙirar bidiyo, zane-zanen kwamfuta, gudanar da kafofin sada zumunta da amfani da fasahar zamani. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da shirya darussa da shirye-shiryen horarwa domin haɓaka ƙwarewar mahalarta a duniyar dijital. == Ƙwarewa == Saulawa yana da ƙwarewa a fannin ɗaukar hoto, ɗaukar bidiyo, gyaran bidiyo, samar da abun cikin dijital, rubuta labarai da gudanar da kafofin sada zumunta. Daga cikin manhajojin da ya yi amfani da su akwai Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe After Effects, Adobe Audition, Canva da CapCut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayanan ƙwararrunsa sun kuma bayyana cewa yana iya Hausa da Turanci, tare da ɗan iya Larabci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mukhtar Sani Saulawa |url=https://www.twine.net/Msani |website=Twine |access-date=1 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[North-Eastern University]] * [[Gombe]] * [[Aikin jarida]] * [[Kafofin yaɗa labarai]] * [[Aligarh Muslim University]] * [[Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:’Yan jaridar Najeriya]] [[Category:’Yan jaridar Hausa]] [[Category:Masu samar da abun cikin dijital]] [[Category:Ma’aikatan jami’o’in Najeriya]] [[Category:North-Eastern University]] [[Category:Aligarh Muslim University]] [[Category:Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic]] bbtxvph2q81nbvzmy179a6n260sumd5 0 177822 966939 961675 2026-10-12T19:52:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalmai''' yanki ne da ke cikin [[Billiri Local Government Area|Ƙaramar Hukumar Billiri]] ta [[Gombe State|Jihar Gombe]]. Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta jera Kalmai a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas guda goma na Ƙaramar Hukumar Billiri.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Registration Areas |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A tsarin INEC, Kalmai yana da lambar Registration Area 06. Takardar INEC ta Directory of Polling Units ta nuna cewa yankin yana da cibiyoyin zaɓe da dama.<ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Disamba 2024, an kai hari ƙauyen Powishi da ke Kalmai District, Billiri LGA. Rahoton *Punch* ya ce harin ya yi sanadin mutuwar Mallam Yusuf Akwara tare da ƙona gidaje da lalata wasu kadarori.<ref>{{cite news |last=Azubuike |first=Chima |title=Armed men attack Gombe community, kill cleric |work=Punch Newspapers |date=12 December 2024}}</ref> Wasu mazauna Powishi sun bayar da wani adadi daban na waɗanda suka mutu, inda suka ce aƙalla mutane biyar ne aka kashe tare da ƙona gidaje sama da 250. Wannan ya bambanta da bayanin farko da 'yan sanda suka bayar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Azubuike |first=Chima |title=Police, residents disagree on casualty figure of Gombe village attack |work=Punch Newspapers |date=13 December 2024}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 483zn5jlgqzk16ylsklflfad67nxf60 0 177843 967056 961807 2026-10-13T05:15:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kunde | settlement_type = Ward | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Dukku]] | postal_code = 760105 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Kunde''' wani yanki ne da ke cikin [[Dukku Local Government Area]] ta [[Gombe State]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Nigeria]]. Kunde yana daga cikin Registration Areas (wards) na Dukku Local Government Area, kuma an ware masa lambar 04 a tsarin gudanar da zaɓe na ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Matsayi da gudanarwa == Kunde yana cikin Dukku Local Government Area ta Jihar Gombe. A tsarin Registration Areas na ƙaramar hukumar, Kunde yana biye da Gombe Abba, Hashidu da Jamari, sannan Lafiya yana biyo bayansa. Wannan ya sanya Kunde ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wards 11 da aka jera a ƙarƙashin Dukku a cikin bayanan zaɓe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Bayanan da aka tattara kan wards na Dukku sun nuna cewa Kunde tana da polling units 16. Lambar ward ɗin ita ce 15/04/04, inda 15 ke wakiltar Gombe State, 04 ke wakiltar Dukku Local Government Area, sannan 04 ke wakiltar Kunde ward. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin Kunde == Bayanan polling units na Kunde sun haɗa da Chiroma, Jagaliwol, Bawa, Zego, Sebidu, Daminya, Kokkobe, Walowa Ardo, Walowa Maude, Jangira, Wuro Bali da Wuro Nyolde. Waɗannan wurare suna cikin jerin wuraren da aka danganta da Kunde ward a Dukku. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Chiroma yana daga cikin wuraren da aka ambata a matsayin wurin kaɗa kuri'a na Kunde, inda aka sanya ''Kunde Primary School'' a matsayin cibiyar polling unit. Wannan yana nuna cewa makarantar tana taka rawa wajen harkokin jama'a da gudanar da zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Bawa ma yana daga cikin muhimman wuraren da ke cikin Kunde ward. Kundin polling units ya lissafa Bawa Primary School da kuma Kofar Mai Unguwar Jibo a matsayin wuraren kaɗa kuri'a guda biyu da ke Bawa. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Zego ma yana cikin yankin Kunde, kuma an ware masa wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Zego Dispensary. Sunan Zego/Kunde kuma ya bayyana a cikin jerin wuraren zama na Gombe State da aka danganta da Gombe Abba a wasu bayanan wuraren zama; saboda haka ya kamata a bambanta bayanin ''Zego/Kunde'' na jerin ƙauyuka da matsayin Kunde a matsayin ward. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Wuraren kaɗa kuri'a == Kundin polling units na Kunde ya nuna wuraren kaɗa kuri'a 16. Daga cikinsu akwai Chiroma, Kunde Primary School; Jagaliwol, Kunde Maternity; Bawa, Bawa Primary School; Bawa, Kofar Mai Unguwar Jibo; Zego, Zego Dispensary; Sebidu, Primary School; da Sebidu, Kofar Dan Buram. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Sauran polling units da aka jera a Kunde sun haɗa da Daminya, Dan Buram; Kokkobe, Kofar Sarki Kokkobe; Walowa Ardo, Kofar Ardo; Walowa Maude, Kofar Maude; Jangira, Jangira Primary School; Jangira, Kofar Sarki Gaskahe; Wuro Bali, Kofar Sarki Wuro Bali; Wuro Nyolde, Kofar Ardo; da Daminya Dan Buram I. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi da cibiyoyin jama'a == Makarantu da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna daga cikin wuraren da ake amfani da su a matsayin polling units a Kunde. Misali, Kundin polling units ya nuna Kunde Primary School, Bawa Primary School, Sebidu Primary School da Jangira Primary School, yayin da Jagaliwol ke da Kunde Maternity, sannan Zego ke da Zego Dispensary. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Amfani da makarantu da cibiyoyin lafiya a matsayin wuraren polling units yana nuna muhimmancin irin waɗannan cibiyoyi wajen samar da wuraren da al'umma ke taruwa. Sai dai bayanan da ake da su ba su isa su tabbatar da cikakken tarihin kafuwar kowace makaranta ko cibiyar lafiya da ke cikin Kunde ba, saboda haka ba a ƙara irin waɗannan bayanai ba tare da ingantaccen tushe ba. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Kunde tana da matsayi a tsarin zaɓe na Dukku saboda kasancewarta Registration Area/ward mai lamba 04. Bayanai kan tsarin wards na Dukku sun nuna cewa ward ɗin tana da polling units 16, waɗanda aka rarraba tsakanin Chiroma, Jagaliwol, Bawa, Zego, Sebidu, Daminya, Kokkobe, Walowa, Jangira da Wuro Nyolde. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Bayanan zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2023 da aka tattara a matakin polling units sun kuma haɗa Kunde cikin wards na Dukku. Irin waɗannan bayanai suna ba da damar nazarin sakamakon zaɓe a matakin ward da polling unit, amma ya kamata a yi amfani da bayanan INEC na hukuma wajen tabbatar da sakamakon ƙarshe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku election results |url=https://mundx.com/ng/gombe/dukku/ |publisher=Mundx |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Noma da rayuwar al'umma == Kunde tana cikin Dukku Local Government Area, wadda take da yankunan karkara da ƙauyuka masu yawa. Saboda haka, rayuwar al'ummomin yankin tana da alaƙa da ayyukan karkara kamar noma da kiwo; duk da haka, ba a samu sahihin tushe da ya ƙayyade takamaiman nau'in amfanin gona ko adadin manoman Kunde kaɗai ba, don haka ba a ƙara ƙididdigar da ba a tabbatar ba a wannan sashe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukku |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Kunde a Dukku == Dukku Local Government Area tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin Jihar Gombe. Hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar ita ce garin Dukku, kuma yankin yana da faɗin ƙasa da kuma al'ummomi da dama. Kunde na daga cikin tsarin wards da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da zaɓe da sauran harkokin gudanarwa na ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dukku |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Tsarin wards na Dukku ya ƙunshi Gombe Abba, Hashidu, Jamari, Kunde, Lafiya, Malala, Waziri North, Waziri South/Central, Wuro Tale, Zange da Zaune. Wannan rarrabuwa tana nuna matsayin Kunde a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan gudanarwar zaɓe na ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Dukku]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Gombe Abba]] * [[Hashidu]] * [[Jamari]] * [[Lafiya]] * [[Malala]] * [[Wuro Tale]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} igs64zzn5hnrzppsbna2r4bbidroz8r 0 177844 967120 961808 2026-10-13T11:56:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 14 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Lafiya | settlement_type = Town and electoral ward | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Dukku]] | government_type = Registration Area | postal_code = 760105 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Lafiya''' yanki ne da kuma Registration Area (ward) da ke cikin [[Dukku Local Government Area]] ta [[Gombe State]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Nigeria]]. Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta ware Lafiya a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba 05 a cikin Dukku Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lafiya na daga cikin wards 11 na Dukku Local Government Area. Sauran wards ɗin sun haɗa da Gombe Abba, Hashidu, Jamari, Kunde, Malala, Waziri North, Waziri South/Central, Wuro Tale, Zange da Zaune. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Matsayi da gudanarwa == A tsarin gudanarwar zaɓe na Dukku, Lafiya tana da lambar 15/04/05, inda 15 ke wakiltar Jihar Gombe, 04 kuma ke wakiltar Dukku Local Government Area, yayin da 05 ke wakiltar Lafiya Registration Area. Wannan lambar tana bayyana a kundin polling units na yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lafiya tana da polling units 11 bisa bayanan da aka wallafa daga kundin INEC. Waɗannan wuraren kaɗa kuri'a suna cikin Lafiya da wasu ƙauyuka da wuraren zama da ake gudanar da harkokin zaɓe a ƙarƙashin ward ɗin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin Lafiya == Kundin INEC ya lissafa wurare da dama a ƙarƙashin Lafiya Registration Area. Daga cikinsu akwai Lafiya Chiroma, Lafiya Yerima, Jauro Adi/Maltewo, Jalingo, Maltewo, Kaloma/Gadum, Tale Yerima, Dirango Jonordi, Nyoldewo da Alkaleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lafiya Chiroma tana da polling units biyu, ɗaya a Lafiya Primary School, ɗayan kuma a Kofar Dan Madami Lafiya. Lafiya Yerima kuma tana da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki Lafiya. Waɗannan bayanai suna cikin kundin polling units na INEC. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jauro Adi/Maltewo yana da polling unit a Kofar Jauro Adi, yayin da Jalingo ke da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki Jalingo. Maltewo kuma yana da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki Maltewo. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kaloma/Gadum na da polling unit a Kofar Sarki Kaloma, yayin da Tale Yerima ke da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Tale Primary School. Dirango Jonordi yana da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki Dirango. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nyoldewo da Alkaleri su ma suna cikin wuraren da aka lissafa a Lafiya Registration Area. Nyoldewo yana da polling unit a Kofar Mai Unguwa, yayin da Alkaleri yake da wurin kaɗa kuri'a a Kofar Sarki Alkaleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wuraren kaɗa kuri'a == Lafiya tana da polling units 11. Lambobinsu su ne 15/04/05/001 zuwa 15/04/05/011. Daga cikin sunayen wuraren akwai Lafiya Chiroma, Lafiya Yerima, Jauro Adi/Maltewo, Jalingo, Maltewo, Kaloma/Gadum, Tale Yerima, Dirango Jonordi, Nyoldewo da Alkaleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in Dukku LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-dukku-lga-gombe-state/ |publisher=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A cikin bayanan INEC, Lafiya Chiroma, Lafiya Primary School tana da lambar polling unit 15/04/05/001, yayin da Lafiya Chiroma, Kofar Dan Madami Lafiya take da lamba 15/04/05/002. Lafiya Yerima, Kofar Sarki Lafiya kuma tana da lamba 15/04/05/003. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jauro Adi/Maltewo, Kofar Jauro Adi yana da lamba 004, Jalingo, Kofar Sarki Jalingo yana da lamba 005, Maltewo, Kofar Sarki Maltewo yana da lamba 006, sannan Kaloma/Gadum, Kofar Sarki Kaloma yana da lamba 007. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tale Yerima, Tale Primary School yana da lamba 008, Dirango Jonordi, Kofar Sarki Dirango yana da lamba 009, Nyoldewo, Kofar Mai Unguwa yana da lamba 010, sannan Alkaleri, Kofar Sarki Alkaleri yana da lamba 011. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Lafiya tana cikin Dukku North a tsarin wakilcin zaɓe na Jihar Gombe. Kundin bayanan INEC na zaɓen 2015 ya nuna cewa Dukku North Constituency ta ƙunshi Lafiya tare da Hashidu, Jamari, Malala, Wuro Tale da Zaune. <ref>{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Bayanan da aka tattara daga sakamakon zaɓe na polling units sun kuma nuna Lafiya a matsayin ward mai polling units 11. Wannan ya yi daidai da kundin polling units na INEC da ya lissafa wuraren kaɗa kuri'a 11 a ƙarƙashin Lafiya. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku election results |url=https://mundx.com/ng/gombe/dukku/ |publisher=Mundx |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A cikin bayanan sakamakon zaɓe da aka tattara a matakin polling unit, Lafiya Chiroma, Lafiya Primary School tana daga cikin polling units na Lafiya. Wannan yana ba da damar rarrabe bayanan zaɓe na Lafiya daga na sauran wards na Dukku. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dukku election results |url=https://mundx.com/ng/gombe/dukku/ |publisher=Mundx |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Ilimi da cibiyoyin jama'a == Lafiya Primary School tana daga cikin cibiyoyin da aka bayyana a kundin polling units na yankin. An yi amfani da makarantar a matsayin wurin kaɗa kuri'a na Lafiya Chiroma, abin da ya tabbatar da kasancewarta a cikin tsarin cibiyoyin jama'a na yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tale Primary School ma tana daga cikin cibiyoyin da aka ambata a cikin Lafiya Registration Area, inda aka ayyana ta a matsayin wurin kaɗa kuri'a na Tale Yerima. Wannan ya nuna cewa makarantu suna daga cikin wuraren da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da harkokin zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Yawan mutane da ƙaura == Bayanan da International Organization for Migration (IOM) ta wallafa a cikin rahoton Displacement Tracking Matrix sun haɗa Lafiya cikin wards ɗin da aka tantance a Dukku, tare da bayanan gidaje da mutane da aka tantance a lokacin binciken. Rahoton ya nuna Lafiya da adadin gidaje 78 da mutane 544 a cikin bayanan tantancewar da aka gudanar. <ref>{{cite report |title=DTM Round 25: List of Assessed Wards |url=https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20RND%2025%20LIST%20OF%20WARDS%20ASSESSED.pdf |publisher=International Organization for Migration |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Wannan adadi na IOM ba ƙidayar yawan jama'ar Lafiya ba ce ta hukuma; yana wakiltar mutanen da aka tantance a cikin tsarin binciken DTM. Saboda haka, bai kamata a yi amfani da adadin 544 a matsayin jimillar yawan jama'ar Lafiya ba tare da ƙarin sahihin ƙidayar jama'a ba. <ref>{{cite report |title=DTM Round 25: List of Assessed Wards |url=https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/DTM%20RND%2025%20LIST%20OF%20WARDS%20ASSESSED.pdf |publisher=International Organization for Migration |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Abubuwan more rayuwa == Bayanan polling units sun nuna cewa Lafiya tana da cibiyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da makarantu da wuraren da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da ayyukan jama'a. Lafiya Primary School da Tale Primary School suna daga cikin wuraren da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin polling units. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin wuraren Lafiya suna amfani da gine-ginen al'umma kamar Kofar Sarki, Kofar Mai Unguwa da Kofar Jauro a matsayin wuraren polling units. Wannan bayanin yana nuna tsarin wuraren taruwar al'umma da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da zaɓe, amma ba ya tabbatar da cewa duk waɗannan wurare cibiyoyin gwamnati ne. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Dukku]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Hashidu]] * [[Jamari]] * [[Kunde]] * [[Malala]] * [[Wuro Tale]] * [[Zange]] * [[Zaune]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 84iazyff95b3duiv2e61ti9tux5oq05 0 177851 966806 961831 2026-10-12T12:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Jillahi | settlement_type = Registration Area | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Funakaye]] | government_type = Registration Area | parts_type = Ward | parts = Jillahi | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Jillahi''' yanki ne na rajista da gundumar zaɓe da ke cikin [[Funakaye]] Local Government Area na [[Gombe State]], [[Nigeria]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sanya Jillahi a matsayin Registration Area ta shida a cikin Funakaye, kuma lambar yankin ita ce '''15/05/06'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jillahi na daga cikin Registration Areas guda goma da ke ƙarƙashin Funakaye Local Government Area. Sauran yankunan sun haɗa da Ashaka/Magaba, Bage, Bajoga West, Bajoga East, Bodor/Tilde, Kupto, Ribadu, Tongo da Wawa/Wakkulutu. <ref>{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124161117/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A bayanan da aka sabunta na rumfunan zaɓe, Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe guda '''16'''. Wannan adadin ya yi daidai da jerin rumfunan zaɓe na Jillahi da aka wallafa bisa tsarin lambar INEC na Funakaye. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Kundin INEC na rumfunan zaɓe na Gombe State ya kuma tabbatar da cewa Funakaye tana cikin jerin Local Government Areas na jihar, kuma bayanan Jillahi suna cikin tsarin rabon Registration Areas da rumfunan zaɓe na wannan ƙaramar hukuma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rumfunan zaɓe == Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe 16. Rumfunan sun haɗa da '''Ung. Bauchi Jillahi, Kofar Sarki''', '''Ung. Madaki, Pri. Sch.''', '''Ung. Galadima, Dispensary''', da '''Busum, Kofar Jauro'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Sauran rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi sun haɗa da '''Wuro Arsi, Pri. Sch.''', '''Dubbel, Pri. Sch.''', '''Primary School Marmagani''', '''Jagabali, Kofar Jauro''', '''Kacacciya, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Jarkum, Kofar Jauro'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma, jerin rumfunan zaɓen ya ƙunshi '''Fetila, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mutuke, Kofar Jauro''', '''Bodoryel, Kofar Jauro''', '''Jamtari, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mangari, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Duga Sabo, Kofar Damji'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Lambobin rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi suna farawa da '''15-05-06-001''' zuwa '''15-05-06-016'''. A tsarin lambar INEC, ''15'' na wakiltar Gombe State, ''05'' Funakaye Local Government Area, yayin da ''06'' ke wakiltar Jillahi Registration Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihin tsarin zaɓe == A kundin INEC da aka sake fasalin a watan Janairun 2015, Jillahi tana cikin jerin Registration Areas na Funakaye Local Government Area. Kundin ya tanadi bayanan rumfunan zaɓe da wuraren da ake gudanar da zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A tsarin zaɓe na Gombe State, Jillahi tana ƙarƙashin Funakaye, wadda ke daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin jihar Gombe. Rahoton INEC na Babban Zaɓen 2023 ya bayyana cewa Gombe State tana da ƙananan hukumomi 11, Registration Areas 114 da rumfunan zaɓe 2,988 a faɗin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=2024 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Jillahi na daga cikin yankunan da ke shiga tsarin zaɓe na Funakaye Local Government Area. Bayanai na rumfunan zaɓe sun nuna cewa dukkan rumfunan zaɓe 16 na Jillahi suna cikin tsarin lambar 15-05-06, wanda ke nuna alaƙarsu da Funakaye da Jillahi Registration Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, Funakaye ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin da suka shiga zaɓen cike gurbi na Gombe–Kwami–Funakaye Federal Constituency. INEC ta bayyana cewa an gudanar da zaɓen a rumfunan zaɓe 903 da ke cikin ƙananan hukumomi uku na mazabar tarayya, ciki har da Funakaye. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe- Kwami- Funakaye- Federal Constituency Bye-Election - Result Sheets |url=https://cvr.inecnigeria.org/the_election_results/viewElection/3004 |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Funakaye]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Bage]] * [[Ashaka, Gombe State]] * [[Bajoga]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} bge8vosf2w25c88sbqdlhtz9ib3denz 0 177852 967072 961832 2026-10-13T06:48:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Jillahi | settlement_type = Registration Area | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Funakaye]] | government_type = Registration Area | parts_type = Ward | parts = Jillahi | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Jillahi''' yanki ne na rajista da gundumar zaɓe da ke cikin [[Funakaye]] Local Government Area na [[Gombe State]], [[Nigeria]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sanya Jillahi a matsayin Registration Area ta shida a cikin Funakaye, kuma lambar yankin ita ce '''15/05/06'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jillahi na daga cikin Registration Areas guda goma da ke ƙarƙashin Funakaye Local Government Area. Sauran yankunan sun haɗa da Ashaka/Magaba, Bage, Bajoga West, Bajoga East, Bodor/Tilde, Kupto, Ribadu, Tongo da Wawa/Wakkulutu. <ref>{{cite web |title=GOMBE |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A bayanan da aka sabunta na rumfunan zaɓe, Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe guda '''16'''. Wannan adadin ya yi daidai da jerin rumfunan zaɓe na Jillahi da aka wallafa bisa tsarin lambar INEC na Funakaye. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Kundin INEC na rumfunan zaɓe na Gombe State ya kuma tabbatar da cewa Funakaye tana cikin jerin Local Government Areas na jihar, kuma bayanan Jillahi suna cikin tsarin rabon Registration Areas da rumfunan zaɓe na wannan ƙaramar hukuma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rumfunan zaɓe == Jillahi tana da rumfunan zaɓe 16. Rumfunan sun haɗa da '''Ung. Bauchi Jillahi, Kofar Sarki''', '''Ung. Madaki, Pri. Sch.''', '''Ung. Galadima, Dispensary''', da '''Busum, Kofar Jauro'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Sauran rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi sun haɗa da '''Wuro Arsi, Pri. Sch.''', '''Dubbel, Pri. Sch.''', '''Primary School Marmagani''', '''Jagabali, Kofar Jauro''', '''Kacacciya, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Jarkum, Kofar Jauro'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma, jerin rumfunan zaɓen ya ƙunshi '''Fetila, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mutuke, Kofar Jauro''', '''Bodoryel, Kofar Jauro''', '''Jamtari, Kofar Jauro''', '''Mangari, Kofar Jauro''' da '''Duga Sabo, Kofar Damji'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Funakaye L.G.A Polling Units/Wards |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/funakaye-l-g-a-polling-units-wards/ |website=Media Nigeria |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Lambobin rumfunan zaɓen Jillahi suna farawa da '''15-05-06-001''' zuwa '''15-05-06-016'''. A tsarin lambar INEC, ''15'' na wakiltar Gombe State, ''05'' Funakaye Local Government Area, yayin da ''06'' ke wakiltar Jillahi Registration Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihin tsarin zaɓe == A kundin INEC da aka sake fasalin a watan Janairun 2015, Jillahi tana cikin jerin Registration Areas na Funakaye Local Government Area. Kundin ya tanadi bayanan rumfunan zaɓe da wuraren da ake gudanar da zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=January 2015 |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A tsarin zaɓe na Gombe State, Jillahi tana ƙarƙashin Funakaye, wadda ke daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin jihar Gombe. Rahoton INEC na Babban Zaɓen 2023 ya bayyana cewa Gombe State tana da ƙananan hukumomi 11, Registration Areas 114 da rumfunan zaɓe 2,988 a faɗin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the 2023 General Election |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2023-GENERAL-ELECTION-REPORT-1.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |date=2024 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Zaɓe == Jillahi na daga cikin yankunan da ke shiga tsarin zaɓe na Funakaye Local Government Area. Bayanai na rumfunan zaɓe sun nuna cewa dukkan rumfunan zaɓe 16 na Jillahi suna cikin tsarin lambar 15-05-06, wanda ke nuna alaƙarsu da Funakaye da Jillahi Registration Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Full List of Polling Unit Numbers and ID Codes in FUNAKAYE LGA, Gombe State |url=https://www.eduweb.com.ng/full-list-of-polling-unit-numbers-and-id-codes-in-funakaye-lga-gombe-state/ |website=Eduweb |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, Funakaye ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomin da suka shiga zaɓen cike gurbi na Gombe–Kwami–Funakaye Federal Constituency. INEC ta bayyana cewa an gudanar da zaɓen a rumfunan zaɓe 903 da ke cikin ƙananan hukumomi uku na mazabar tarayya, ciki har da Funakaye. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe- Kwami- Funakaye- Federal Constituency Bye-Election - Result Sheets |url=https://cvr.inecnigeria.org/the_election_results/viewElection/3004 |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Funakaye]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Bage]] * [[Ashaka, Gombe State]] * [[Bajoga]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7b5j0z31ahs94y29dh2doorvphms7gj 0 177878 967053 961897 2026-10-13T05:15:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kumo Central | settlement_type = Ward | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Gombe State | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = Akko | established_title = Ward code | established_date = 05 | postal_code = 771102 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Kumo Central''' wata [[ward]] ce da ke cikin [[Akko (Nigeria)|Akko Local Government Area]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sanya Kumo Central a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba 05 a Akko LGA. Kumo Central na daga cikin wards 11 na Akko LGA. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: RA PVC Collection Centres |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wuri da matsayi == Kumo Central tana cikin garin [[Kumo]], wanda shi ne hedkwatar [[Akko (Nigeria)|Akko Local Government Area]] na Jihar Gombe. INEC ta bayyana Kumo Central a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas na Akko LGA, tare da Akko, Garko, Kalshingi, Kashere, Kumo East, Kumo North, Kumo West, Pindiga, Tumu da Tukulma. <ref>{{cite web |title=PVC Collection Centres for Ward-level |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da cibiyoyin jama'a == Daga cikin cibiyoyin da ke cikin Kumo Central akwai Central Primary School, Kumo, wadda INEC ta bayyana a matsayin cibiyar tattara katin PVC na wannan Registration Area. Wannan ya nuna kasancewar makarantar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin muhimman cibiyoyin jama'a da ake amfani da su wajen ayyukan zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=PVC Collection Centres for Ward-level |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙauyuka da wuraren zama == Bayanan da aka tattara kan polling units na Kumo Central sun nuna cewa yankin ya ƙunshi wurare da dama a cikin Kumo, ciki har da Kumo S. Yaki, Kumo Galadima, Kumo Sardauna, Kumo B. Kasuwa, Kumo Fuloti, Kumo Bakoshi, Kumo Fulani, Nayinawa, Chiroma Dawa, Gaudare, Dakkiti, Lergo da wasu wurare. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kumo Central Ward: Polling Units |url=https://nigeria2.com/ward/15-01-05/ |publisher=Nigeria 2.0 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Zaɓe == Kumo Central tana da muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin zaɓe saboda INEC ta ware mata lambar Registration Area '''15/01/05''', inda 15 ke wakiltar Jihar Gombe, 01 kuma Akko LGA, yayin da 05 ke wakiltar Kumo Central. Bayanan da aka wallafa kan ward ɗin sun nuna cewa tana da polling units da dama da ake amfani da su wajen gudanar da zaɓe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kumo Central — Polling Units & Election Results |url=https://nigeria2.com/ward/15-01-05/ |publisher=Nigeria 2.0 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Yawan masu rajista == Bayanan da aka wallafa kan zaɓen shekarar 2023 sun nuna cewa Kumo Central tana da masu rajistar zaɓe 19,207 a cikin polling units 38. Wannan adadi na nuni da muhimmancin ward ɗin a tsarin zaɓe na Akko LGA, kodayake adadin masu rajista na iya sauyawa yayin da INEC ke gudanar da sabbin rajistar masu zaɓe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kumo Central — Polling Units & Election Results |url=https://nigeria2.com/ward/15-01-05/ |publisher=Nigeria 2.0 |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wards of Gombe State]] [[Category:Akko Local Government Area]] [[Category:Populated places in Gombe State]] bk71odubdrpj67445fngwwfbsw6ix37 0 177879 967055 961934 2026-10-13T05:15:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kumo East | settlement_type = Ward | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Gombe State | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = Akko | established_title = Registration Area code | established_date = 06 | postal_code = 771102 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Kumo East''' wata [[ward]] ce da ke cikin [[Akko (Nigeria)|Akko Local Government Area]] (LGA) ta [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta sanya Kumo East a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba '''06''' a Akko LGA. Kumo East na daga cikin Registration Areas 11 da ke cikin Akko LGA. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: Registration Areas and PVC Collection Centres |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Matsayi da wuri == Kumo East tana cikin yankin [[Kumo]], wanda yake a Akko LGA na Jihar Gombe. Kumo shi ne hedkwatar Akko LGA, kuma yana daga cikin muhimman garuruwan jihar. Kumo yana kan hanyar Gombe zuwa Yola, kuma yana da nisan kusan kilomita 40 daga birnin Gombe, babban birnin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kumo, Nigeria |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumo,_Nigeria |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Matsayin gudanarwa == A tsarin gudanarwar zaɓe na Najeriya, Kumo East tana ƙarƙashin Akko LGA, kuma INEC ta ba ta lambar Registration Area '''15/01/06'''. Lambar '''15''' tana wakiltar Jihar Gombe, '''01''' kuma Akko LGA, yayin da '''06''' ke wakiltar Kumo East. <ref>{{cite web |title=Registration Areas and PVC Collection Centres in Gombe State |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Kumo East na daga cikin wards da ke cikin Kumo tare da [[Kumo Central]], [[Kumo North]] da [[Kumo West]]. A bayanan gwamnati na tsarin lissafin kuɗaɗen ƙananan hukumomi na Gombe, an jera Kumo East a ƙarƙashin Akko LGA da lambar '''21510106'''. <ref>{{cite web |title=Harmonized Chart of Accounts for Local Governments in Gombe State |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/download/harmonized-chart-of-accounts-coa-for-local-governments-in-gombe-state/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Makarantu da cibiyoyin jama'a == Daga cikin cibiyoyin da INEC ta danganta da Kumo East akwai **Akkoyel Primary School, Kumo East**. An ware makarantar a matsayin cibiyar tattara katin PVC ga masu zaɓe na Registration Area ɗin Kumo East. <ref>{{cite web |title=PVC Collection Centres for Ward-level |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayanan wuraren zaɓe da aka tattara a Kumo East sun nuna cewa yankin ya ƙunshi wurare da ƙauyuka da dama, ciki har da Buba Waziri, Kumo Tera, Akkoyel, Bangu Bantashi, Garkoyel, Garaza, Wuro Giye, Kumo Shadori, Kembu da wasu ƙananan wuraren zama. Waɗannan sunayen sun fito daga jerin wuraren zaɓe da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin Kumo East. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages and settlements in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Zaɓe == Kumo East tana da muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin gudanar da zaɓe a Akko LGA, domin INEC ta ware mata Registration Area na musamman tare da cibiyoyin tattara PVC. Haka kuma, an rarraba wuraren zaɓe a ƙarƙashinta domin bai wa mazauna yankin damar shiga tsarin zaɓe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: Registration Areas and PVC Collection Centres |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tattalin arziki == Kumo, wanda Kumo East take cikinsa, yana daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci da gudanarwa na Akko LGA. Matsayinsa a kan hanyar Gombe–Yola da kasancewarsa hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar sun taimaka wajen muhimmancin garin wajen zirga-zirga, kasuwanci da hulɗar al'ummomin da ke kewaye da shi. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kumo, Nigeria |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumo,_Nigeria |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wards of Gombe State]] [[Category:Akko Local Government Area]] [[Category:Populated places in Gombe State]] oc15s0bvt9hblp99l4f0xlbbt2wbbu4 0 177880 967054 961899 2026-10-13T05:15:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kumo North | settlement_type = Ward | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Gombe State | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = Akko | established_title = Registration Area code | established_date = 07 | postal_code = 771102 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Kumo North''' wata [[ward]] ce da ke cikin [[Akko (Nigeria)|Akko Local Government Area]] (LGA), a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Hukumar Zabe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa (INEC) ta jera Kumo North a matsayin Registration Area mai lamba '''07''' a Akko LGA. Kumo North na daga cikin Registration Areas 11 na Akko LGA. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of PVC Collection Centres for Ward Level Collection — Gombe State |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == Kumo North tana cikin yankin [[Kumo]], hedkwatar Akko LGA ta Jihar Gombe. Kumo yana a kudancin birnin Gombe, kuma yana kan babbar hanyar Gombe–Yola. Kumo shi ne cibiyar gudanarwar Akko LGA. <ref>{{cite web |title=Akko Local Government Area |url=https://www.gombestate.gov.ng/ |publisher=Gombe State Government |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Kumo North tana daga cikin wards da suka shafi yankin Kumo, tare da [[Kumo Central]], [[Kumo East]] da [[Kumo West]]. INEC ta jera waɗannan Registration Areas huɗu a ƙarƙashin Akko LGA, tare da sauran Registration Areas na ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: Registration Areas and PVC Collection Centres |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Matsayin gudanarwa == A tsarin zaɓe na Najeriya, Kumo North tana ƙarƙashin Akko LGA kuma INEC ta ba ta lambar Registration Area '''15/01/07'''. Lamba '''15''' tana wakiltar Jihar Gombe, '''01''' kuma Akko LGA, yayin da '''07''' ke wakiltar Kumo North. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of PVC Collection Centres for Ward Level Collection |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayanan da INEC ta wallafa sun nuna cewa an ware **Lembi Primary School, Lembi** a matsayin cibiyar tattara katin zaɓe na dindindin (PVC) ga Kumo North. Wannan ya nuna cewa Lembi na daga cikin wuraren da aka danganta da tsarin gudanarwar zaɓe na ward ɗin. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of PVC Collection Centres for Ward Level Collection — Gombe State |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PVC-Collection-centers-for-Ward-level-1.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙauyuka da wuraren zama == Bayanan polling units da aka tattara kan Kumo North sun nuna cewa akwai wurare da dama a ƙarƙashin ward ɗin, ciki har da **Lembi, Lembe Weddare, Gamawa, Nahuta W/Yaya, Yelwa Mararraba, Wuro Sale Lembi, Wuro Yaya, Barambu I, Barambu II, Garin Garba, Wuro Baka, Maidugu, Tongo Sambo, Koroti, Hamma Shanu** da **Londo**. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State — Electoral Wards |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> Daga cikin wuraren da aka bayyana a matsayin cibiyoyin polling unit akwai **Lembi Primary School**, **Barambu Primary School**, **Maidugu Primary School** da wasu wuraren taruwar jama'a da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da ayyukan zaɓe. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State — Electoral Wards |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Zaɓe == Kumo North tana da matsayi a tsarin zaɓe na Akko LGA saboda INEC ta amince da ita a matsayin Registration Area mai zaman kanta tare da polling units da aka rarraba domin mazauna yankin su gudanar da zaɓe. INEC ta tabbatar da Kumo North a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas na Akko LGA a cikin jerin hukumarta. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State: Registration Areas and PVC Collection Centres |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin bayanan da aka tattara kan Kumo North, an nuna cewa ward ɗin tana da polling units da dama waɗanda aka rarraba tsakanin Lembi, Barambu, Garin Garba, Maidugu da sauran wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin ward ɗin. Wannan rabon polling units yana taimaka wa INEC wajen gudanar da zaɓe a matakin al'umma. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State — Electoral Wards |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Ba a samu sahihin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a ta hukuma wadda ta ware **Kumo North Ward** ita kaɗai ba. Saboda haka, ba a saka wani adadin jama'a a cikin wannan labarin domin guje wa amfani da ƙididdigar da ba a tabbatar da ita ba. <ref>{{cite web |title=National Population and Housing Census |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/ |publisher=National Population Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kumo Central]] * [[Kumo East]] * [[Kumo West]] * [[Akko (Nigeria)]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Wards of Gombe State]] [[Category:Akko Local Government Area]] [[Category:Kumo]] 7yhxk1teagskha8xljs2r5p9zkn6k2q 0 177966 967030 962234 2026-10-13T00:54:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kilawa''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Akko]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin [[Pindiga]] District na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. Kilawa yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) ta '''771103'''. == Wuri == Kilawa yana cikin yankin Pindiga na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. Yana kusa da [[Tumu]] da [[Kombani]]. Bayanai na taswirar ƙasa sun nuna Kilawa a tsayin kusan mita 416 sama da matakin teku. == Ilimi == Kilawa na da makarantar firamare mai suna '''Kilawa Primary School'''. Bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Jihar Gombe sun nuna cewa makarantar tana ƙarƙashin [[Akko]] Local Education Authority. Haka kuma akwai '''Government Junior Secondary School Kilawa''' (GJSS Kilawa), wadda ke cikin makarantun sakandaren gwamnati a ƙaramar hukumar Akko. == Zaɓe da gudanarwa == Kilawa yana cikin '''Tumu Registration Area''' ta ƙaramar hukumar Akko. Kundin Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Ƙasa ([[INEC]]) ya nuna wata cibiyar zaɓe mai suna '''Gulmari, Kilawa Primary School''' a wannan yankin. == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Kilawa yana amfani da lambar akwatin wasiƙa '''771103''', wadda ta shafi yankin Pindiga na ƙaramar hukumar Akko. == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] — jerin ƙauyuka da mazauna Jihar Gombe. * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/location/gombe/akko/ Nigeria Postcode — Akko, Gombe] * [https://mapcarta.com/17014600 Kilawa — Mapcarta] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State] * [https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/STAFF-LEA.pdf Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Jihar Gombe — bayanan ma'aikatan makarantun firamare] * [https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/STAFF-GJSS.pdf Ma'aikatar Kuɗi ta Jihar Gombe — bayanan GJSS] ravkodeahnks3myo6g5yac30jo4zgg8 0 178260 967050 964524 2026-10-13T04:43:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kudin jin dadi wani nau'in tallafin gwamnati ne wanda aka nufa don tabbatar da cewa membobin al'umma za su iya biyan [[Bukatun asali|bukatun ɗan adam na asali]] kamar abinci da mafaka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2024 |title=Social welfare program |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-welfare-program |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> Tsaron zamantakewa na iya zama daidai da jin dadin jama'a, ko kuma yana nufin musamman ga shirye-shiryen inshora na zamantakewa waɗanda ke ba da tallafi kawai ga waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa a baya (misali fansho), sabanin shirye-shirye na taimakon jama'a waɗanda ke ba le tallafi bisa ga buƙata kadai (misali yawancin fa'idodin nakasassu). {{Efn|Except in [[Social programs in the United States|the United States]] and [[Social programs in Canada|Canada]], where ''welfare'' refers only to direct financial assistance for poor or disabled people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brown |first1=Taylor Kate |title=How US welfare compares around the globe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-37159686 |website=BBC News |date=26 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Gilles Séguin |url=http://www.canadiansocialresearch.net/welfare.htm |title=Welfare |publisher=Canadian Social Research |access-date=10 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504000202/http://www.canadiansocialresearch.net/welfare.htm |archive-date=4 May 2012}}</ref> In the United States, it often refers to the [[Temporary Assistance for Needy Families]] program, while [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] is a specific social insurance program.<ref>{{cite web |title=Social Security Versus Welfare: Differences and Similarities |url=https://www.easy-apply.us/social-security-versus-welfare/ |website=e-forms.us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Social Security And Welfare – What Is The Difference? |url=https://www.get.com/guide/social-security-and-welfare/ |website=www.get.com |access-date=2026-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307222553/https://www.get.com/guide/social-security-and-welfare/ |archive-date=2023-03-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta bayyana tsaro na zamantakewa a matsayin rufe tallafi ga tsofaffi, tallafi don kula da yara, magani, hutun [[Hutun iyaye|Iyaye]] da marasa lafiya, rashin aikin yi da fa'idodin nakasassu, da tallafi ga masu fama da rauni a aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Labour Standards on Social security |url=https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/subjects-covered-by-international-labour-standards/social-security/lang--en/index.htm |website=International Labour Organization |language=en}}</ref> Fiye da haka, jin dadin na iya haɗawa da ƙoƙarin samar da matakin jin daɗi ta hanyar ''Ayyukan zamantakewa'' masu tallafi kamar [[Kula da lafiyar duniya|kiwon lafiya]], ilimi, ababen more rayuwa, Horar da sana'a, da gidajen jama'a. A cikin jihar jin dadin jama'a, jihar tana ɗaukar alhakin kiwon lafiya, ilimi, ababen more rayuwa da jin dadin al'umma, samar da ayyuka da yawa na zamantakewa kamar waɗanda aka bayyana.<ref name="Modern Thought Third Edition 1999 p. 919" /> Wasu masana tarihi suna kallon tsarin bayar da sadaka, kamar manufofin ''zakat'' na karni na bakwai (634 AZ) Rashidun Khalifa [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]], a matsayin misalai na farko na jin dadin gwamnati ta duniya. Jiha ta farko ta jin dadin ita ce Imperial Jamus (1871-1918), inda gwamnatin Bismarck ta gabatar da tsaro na jama'a a cikin 1889.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2019 |title=Social Security History |url=https://www.ssa.gov/history/ottob.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928175734/https://www.ssa.gov/history/ottob.html |archive-date=28 September 2019 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=Social Security}}</ref> A farkon karni na 20, Ƙasar Ingila ta gabatar da tsaron jama'a a kusa da 1913, kuma ta karɓi jihar jin dadin tare da Dokar Inshora ta Kasa ta 1946, a lokacin Gwamnatin Attlee (1944-1951). A Yammacin Turai, Ostiraliya, da New Zealand, galibi gwamnati ce ke ba da jin dadin jama'a daga kudaden shiga na haraji na kasa, kuma zuwa ƙarami daga kungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba (NGOs), da kuma agaji (na zamantakewa da na addini). <ref name="Modern Thought Third Edition 1999 p. 919" /> Hakki ga tsaron jama'a da [[Yancin Samun Ingataccen Tsarin Rayuwa|isasshen yanayin rayuwa]] an tabbatar da shi a cikin Mataki na 22 da 25 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights . {{Efn|<blockquote>Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the [[economic, social and cultural rights]] indispensable for his [[human dignity|dignity]] and the free development of his personality. [...]<br /><br />Everyone has the right to a [[standard of living]] adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, [[right to housing|housing]] and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.<ref name="UVvM">United Nations, [http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml ''Universal Declaration of Human Rights'']</ref></blockquote>}} == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Abbey_of_Port-Royal,_Distributing_Alms_to_the_Poor_by_Louise-Magdeleine_Hortemels_c._1710.jpg|thumb|Distributing alms to the poor, abbey of Port-Royal des Champs {{Circa|1710}}]] A cikin Daular [[Romawa]], sarki na farko ya hau a [[Augustus]] ya ba da ''Cura Annonae'' ko abincin hatsi ga ƴan ƙasa waɗanda ba za su iya siyan abinci a kowane wata ba. Sarkin sarakuna Trajan ya faɗaɗa jin dadin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trajan |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/602150/Trajan#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Trajan%20%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopædia |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=Britannica}}</ref> Shirin Trajan ya kawo yabo daga mutane da yawa, ciki har da [[Pliny the Younger]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Roman Empire: in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Emperors. Nerva & Trajan – PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nerva_trajan.html |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=Pbs.org}}</ref> An gabatar da wasu tanadi na taimako ga matalauta a lokacin tarihin Tsohon sarkin Roma, kamar Alimenta. Gwamnatin Daular Song (960 AZ) ta goyi bayan shirye-shirye da yawa waɗanda za a iya rarraba su azaman jin dadin jama'a, gami da asibitocin jihohi, rance mai ƙarancin riba ga manoma, marayu na jihohi, kantin magani kyauta ga matalauta, ɗakunan ajiya na jihohi masu cike da wuta da ɗakunan karatu a cikin manyan birane, gidajen ritaya, asibitoci na jama'a da makabarta. A cewar masanin tattalin arziki Robert Henry Nelson, "[[Cocin katolika|Cocin Roman Katolika]] na zamani yana aiki da tsarin jin dadin talakawa mai zurfi ...". {{Spaces}}Tsohon biranen Girka sun ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya kyauta ga matalauta da bayi. Daga karni na 14 zuwa gaba, gwamnatocin biranen [[Italiya]] sun fara haɗin gwiwa tare da coci don samar da jin daɗi da ilimi ga ƙananan ɗalibai. A cikin karni na 18, bisa ga wani binciken, Daular Qing tana da "mafi kyawun tsarin taimako a tarihin duniya, wanda ya dogara da ɗakunan ajiya na jihohi da na gida waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a lokutan ƙaranci don daidaita farashin abinci da samar da taimako ga matalauta na birane da na karkara".Wannan tsarin, duk da haka, ya raunana bayan mulkin mallaka ya shiga kasar Sin bayan yakin Opium na 1840 da Taiping Rebellion (1850-1860), wanda ya haifar da rikici a Daular Qing. Bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar a 1912 da kuma shekaru masu zuwa na yaƙe-yaƙe da yaƙe-yanayin yaƙi, "tsarin hatsi na jihar ya zama kusan babu shi". A cikin tarihin Daular Byzantine, an kafa ayyuka da cibiyoyi daban-daban na jin dadin jama'a.: 135-136 An kuma yi tanadi ga Jiha don samar da abinci da tufafi ga yara waɗanda iyaye ba su iya kawowa ba saboda talauci.<ref name="Pashley1852" />:{{Rp|page=137}} A Tsohon Indiya, an ce sarakuna sun adana shagunan hatsi na musamman don taimakawa mutane a lokutan bukata, kuma (bisa ga wani binciken) "sun ba matalauta abinci da masara don ba su damar fara noma. " A cikin ƙasashen Turai na Furotesta kamar Jamhuriyar Dutch, ƙungiyoyi gida ne ke kula da jin dadin har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da tsarin ƙungiyoyi a farkon karni na 19. A cikin biranen mulkin mallaka na [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]], gwamnatocin birane a biranen kamar [[Nuremberg]] na iya karɓar iko da tattarawa da rarraba jin daɗin jama'a. A cikin 1520, Martin Luther ya yi kira ga (a cikin "Kiran ga Kiristoci na al'ummar Jamus") da kawar da bara da tanadi ga waɗanda ke cikin bukata. A cikin shekara ta 1523, biyo bayan buƙatar da 'yan ƙasa na Leisnig, a Saxony, Luther ya tsara wani shiri na "Kayan Al'ada," wanda a ƙarƙashinsa "Za a ba da umarni ga gidan Allah kuma a ajiye shi a wurin koyaushe, kwalba biyu ko akwatunan majalisa waɗanda za a sanya burodi, cuku, ƙwai, nama da sauran abinci da wadata; kuma za a sami akwati ko biyu inda za a iya sanya kuɗi don kula da akwati na al'ada. " Da yake nuna ra'ayoyin Luther, a cikin 1522 umarnin Ikilisiyar Wittenberg ya kafa "akwatin kowa" don aikin jin dadin da ya ba da hanyoyi daban-daban na tallafawa matalauta. A Faransa a cikin 1536, kamar yadda wani binciken ya lura, "Francis I ya umarci kowane Ikklisiya da ya yi rajistar matalauta da kuma samar da marasa ƙarfi daga kudaden da aka ba da gudummawa".Kafin wannan, an kafa tsarin agaji a Rouen, Lyons, da Paris. Har ila yau game da Turai, wani masanin tarihi ya yi jayayya cewa "Yaren mutanen Holland sun shahara da goyon bayansu ga matalauta masu kyau da matasa masu bukata". An kuma kafa nau'o'i daban-daban na jin dadin jama'a a Daular Inca, Daular Aztec, Daular Ottoman, [4] da kuma Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka. [5][] A karkashin Sarkin Mughal Akbar, an ba da rancen noma tare da rage haraji a lokuta na gazawar amfanin gona. [[Khalifofi|Khalifa]] [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]] na ƙarni na bakwai ya aiwatar da wani nau'i na ''[[Zakka|zakat]]'', ɗaya daga cikin [[Rukunnan Musulunci|Ginshiƙai biyar na Islama]], a matsayin harajin tsaro na duniya. A al'adance an kiyasta a kashi 2.5% na dukiyar mutum, an rarraba kudaden ''zakat'' na gwamnati ga kungiyoyi daban-daban na Musulmai, gami da matalauta da wadanda ke cikin bashi mai tsanani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benthal, Jonathan |title=The Qur'an's Call to Alms Zakat, the Muslim Tradition of Alms-giving |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/16762/ISIM_1_The_Qur-an-s_Call_to_Alms_Zakat_the_Muslim_Tradition_of_Alms-giving.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=ISIM Newsletter |volume=98 |issue=1 |page=13}}</ref> Tarin ''zakat'' ya karu a lokacin [[Khalifancin Umayyawa|Umayyad]] da [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]] caliphates, kodayake tsarin ''zakat'' sau da yawa ba shi da inganci kuma yana da cin hanci da rashawa; Masu shari'ar Musulunci galibi suna umurni da Musulmai su rarraba kuɗi ga mabukata kai tsaye maimakon kara tasirinsa. Hakazalika, a cikin al'adar Yahudawa, sadaka (wanda tzedakah ke wakilta) lamari ne na wajibai na addini maimakon alheri. Ana ɗaukar sadaka ta zamani a matsayin ci gaba da Maaser Ani na Littafi Mai-Tsarki, ko matalauta-goma, da kuma ayyukan Littafi Mai-Msarki, kamar ba da izinin matalauta su tattara kusurwoyin filin da girbi a lokacin Shmita (shekara Sabbatical). Akwai ƙananan bayanai game da biyan kuɗi na canja wuri kafin Tsakiyar Tsakiya. A cikin zamani na tsakiya har zuwa [[Industrial Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu]], an sami aikin biyan kuɗi a Turai ta hanyar bayar da kyauta ko sadaka, ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ayyukan addinai daban-daban. Shirye-shiryen jin dadin farko a Turanci sun haɗa da Dokar Taimako ta Talakawa ta Ingilishi 1601, wanda ya ba majami'u alhakin samar da biyan kuɗi ga matalauta. Wannan tsarin ya canza sosai ta hanyar Dokar Kwaskwarimar Dokar Talakawa ta ƙarni na 19, wanda ya gabatar da tsarin gidajen aiki. [[File:Vsi_na_ulice_Protest_v_Ljubljani_3_12_12_SAM_1671.JPG|thumb|zanga-zangar '[[Anarchism|Mai tawaye]] game da raguwar jin dadin jama'a da tsattsauran ra'ayi, Slovenia 2012]] Ya kasance mafi yawa a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20 cewa an gabatar da tsarin tsarin tsarin jin dadin jihar a ƙasashe da yawa. [[Otto von Bismarck]], Shugaba Jamusanci, ya gabatar da ɗayan tsarin jin dadin farko ga ɗaliban ma'aikata. A cikin Burtaniya gwamnatin Liberal ta Henry Campbell-Bannerman da David Lloyd George sun gabatar da tsarin Inshora ta Kasa a cikin 1911, tsarin da Clement Attlee ya fadada daga baya. Jihohin jin dadin zamani sun hada da Jamus, Faransa, Netherlands, da kuma kasashen Nordic, kamar Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, da Finland waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin da aka sani da samfurin Nordic. Esping-Andersen ya rarraba tsarin jin dadin jihohi mafi ci gaba zuwa kashi uku; Social Democratic, Conservative, da Liberal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferragina |first=Emanuele |last2=Seeleib-Kaiser |first2=Martin |date=30 October 2011 |title=Thematic Review: Welfare regime debate: past, present, futures? |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01347336/file/Welfare_regime_debate.pdf |journal=Policy & Politics |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=583–611 |doi=10.1332/030557311X603592 |s2cid=146986126}}</ref> Wani rahoto da ILO ta buga a shekarar 2014 ya kiyasta cewa kashi 27% ne kawai na yawan mutanen duniya ke da damar samun cikakken tsaro na jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2014 |title=More than 70 per cent of the world population lacks proper social protection |url=http://ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_244748/lang--en/index.htm |access-date=24 March 2018 |website=ilo.org}}</ref> Rahoton Ci gaban Duniya na 2019 na [[Bankin Duniya]] ya yi jayayya cewa tsarin al'ada na albashi na nau'ikan inshorar zamantakewa da yawa "yana ƙalubale ta hanyar shirye-shiryen aiki a waje da kwangilar aiki". == Hanyoyi == Welfare na iya ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar biyan kuɗi, tallafi da takardun shaida, ko taimakon gidaje. Tsarin jin dadin ya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa, amma ana ba da jin dadin mutane waɗanda ba su da aikin yi, waɗanda ke da rashin lafiya ko [[nakasa]], Tsofaffi, waɗanda ke ɗauke da yara masu dogaro, da tsofaffi. Shirye-shiryen na iya samun yanayi daban-daban don mutum ya sami jin daɗi: * Inshorar zamantakewa, shirye-shiryen da jihar ke tallafawa wanda ya dogara da gudummawar mutum da ma'aikaci da aka biya don fa'idodi kamar kiwon lafiya, biyan bashin rashin aikin yi, da fensho na tsofaffi. * Fa'idodin da aka gwada, taimakon kuɗi da aka bayar ga waɗanda ba su iya biyan bukatun asali ba, kamar abinci, tufafi da gidaje, saboda talauci ko rashin samun kudin shiga saboda rashin aikin yi, rashin lafiya, nakasa, ko kula da yara. Duk da yake taimako sau da yawa a cikin hanyar biyan kuɗi, waɗanda suka cancanci jin daɗin jama'a yawanci suna iya samun damar kiwon lafiya da sabis na ilimi kyauta. Adadin tallafi ya isa ya rufe bukatun asali kuma cancanta sau da yawa yana ƙarƙashin cikakken ƙididdigar rikitarwa game da yanayin zamantakewa da na kudi na mai nema. Dubi kuma Taimako na Haraji. * Fa'idodin da ba su da gudummawa. Kasashe da yawa suna da tsare-tsare na musamman, waɗanda ake gudanarwa ba tare da buƙata don gudummawa ba kuma ba tare da gwaji ba, ga mutane a wasu nau'ikan buƙatu, kamar tsoffin sojoji, mutanen da ke da nakasa, da tsofaffi sosai. * Amfanin rarrabewa. Wasu tsare-tsaren sun dogara ne akan shawarar wani jami'in, kamar ma'aikacin zamantakewa. * Fa'idodi na duniya ko na rukuni, wanda aka fi sani da demogrants. Wadannan fa'idodi ne marasa gudummawa da aka bayar ga dukkan sassan jama'a ba tare da gwajin hanya ba, kamar alawus na iyali ko fansho na jama'a a New Zealand (wanda aka sani da New Zealand Superannuation). Dubi kuma Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend . * Albarka don aiki: Wannan shine lokacin da gwamnati ke ba da fa'idodin walbarka ga mai karɓa yayin da ake buƙatar mai karɓa ya ɗauki aikin da aka biya ko a wasu lokuta ilimi na tilas. Manufar ita ce ta taimaka wa masu karɓar jin dadin rayuwa wajen motsawa daga taimakon gwamnati zuwa aiki da samun wadatar kai. Ba duk 'yan ƙasa suke amfani da hakkinsu na zamantakewa ba. 'Yancin zamantakewa na zaɓaɓɓu suna da ƙimar da ba ta ɗauka ba fiye da haƙƙin zamantakewa na duniya saboda rikitarwa na bayanai da Bureaucracy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elek-BenMoshe |first=Frida |last2=Rafaeli |first2=Sheizaf |date=2023-12-08 |editor-last=Skouteris |editor-first=Helen |title=Non-Take-Up of Benefits and Rights: The Universality-Selectivity Debate as Reflected in Online Information and User Patterns |journal=Health & Social Care in the Community |language=en |volume=2023 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1155/2023/8830139 |issn=0966-0410 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani lokaci mutane suna buƙatar taimakon wasu mutane don yin sulhu da hakkinsu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elek-BenMoshe |first=Frida |last2=Rafaeli |first2=Sheizaf |date=2024-10-03 |title='Asking for a friend': Mediation needs in Israeli social media conversations on benefits and rights |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01655515241281318 |journal=Journal of Information Science |language=en |doi=10.1177/01655515241281318 |issn=0165-5515 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi == Dangane da binciken bita na 2012, ko shirin jin dadin yana samar da tallafin jama'a ya dogara da: <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=Andrea Louise |date=11 May 2012 |title=Policy Makes Mass Politics |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=333–351 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-012610-135202 |issn=1094-2939 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * ko shirin na duniya ne ko kuma an yi niyya ga wasu kungiyoyi * girman fa'idodin shirin zamantakewa (mafi yawan fa'idodi suna ƙarfafa mafi girma don kare shirin zamantakewa) * ganuwa da ganowa na fa'idodi (ko masu karɓa sun san inda fa'idorin suka fito) * kusanci da kuma mayar da hankali ga masu cin gajiyar (wannan yana shafar sauƙin da masu cin gajiyawa zasu iya shirya don kare shirin zamantakewa) * tsawon lokacin fa'idodi (fa'idodi masu tsawo suna ƙarfafa ƙarin tattarawa don kare shirin zamantakewa) * hanyar da ake gudanar da shirin (ko shirin ya hada da kuma bin ka'idoji). [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya yi nuni da ayyukan jin dadin jama'a kamar yadda suke da mahimmanci kawai a matsayin martani na "na wucin gadi" ko "na wariya" ga matsalolin talauci: ana buƙatar canje-canje na dindindin da daidaito don kauce wa dogaro da jin dadin jamaʼa. Bambance-bambance a cikin nuna gaskiya na gudummawar jin dadin mutum da gudummawar ma'aikaci ta hanyar harajin albashi yana shafar siyasa.<ref name="s131">{{Cite journal |last=Campbell |first=Andrea Louise |last2=Morgan |first2=Kimberly J. |date=2005 |title=Financing the Welfare State: Elite Politics and the Decline of the Social Insurance Model in America |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0898588X05000118/type/journal_article |journal=Studies in American Political Development |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=173–195 |doi=10.1017/S0898588X05000118 |issn=0898-588X |access-date=2026-02-07 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="e014">{{Cite journal |last=Wiß |first=Tobias |date=2015 |title=From welfare states to welfare sectors: Explaining sectoral differences in occupational pensions with economic and political power of employees |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0958928715611006 |journal=Journal of European Social Policy |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=489–504 |doi=10.1177/0958928715611006 |issn=0958-9287 |pmc=4657390 |pmid=26663983 |access-date=2026-02-07}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s1r1ss3ehhu5n4iz27y2lnfh2zzg0tg 0 178273 967020 963472 2026-10-12T23:44:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenan Yıldız''' ({{IPA|tr|ceˈnan ˈjɯɫdɯz}} ; an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Mayu 2005) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] a ƙungiyar Serie A [[Juventus|ta Juventus]] . An haife shi a Jamus, yana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wasa . Yıldız ya fara aikin matasa tare da Bayern Munich kuma ya shiga Juventus Next Gen a 2022. An ci gaba da shi zuwa tawagar farko ta Juventus a watan Nuwamba 2023 kuma ya lashe gasar Coppa Italia a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=Kenan Yildiz {{!}} Forward Juventus Men's First Team |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/teams/first-team-men/squad/kenan-yildiz |access-date=2026-06-20 |website=Juventus.com |language=en}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2026, an kira Yıldız dan wasan Serie A mafi kyau na kasa da shekaru 23 a kakar 2025-26, inda ya karbi lambar yabo ta "Rising Star" bayan ya zira kwallaye goma kuma ya ba da taimako shida ga Juventus a wasanni 33. Ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Rising Star of the Month sau biyu a lokacin yakin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Merkezi |first=Haber |date=23 May 2026 |title=Kenan Yıldız, Serie A’da Sezonun En İyi Genç Oyuncusu Seçildi |url=https://www.uyan32.com/kenan-yildiz-serie-ada-sezonun-en-iyi-genc-oyuncusu-secildi |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=Uyan 32 |language=tr}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Kenan Yıldız a Regensburg, Jamus, ga mahaifinsa na Turkiyya Engin Yıldız da mahaifiyarsa ta Jamus Beate Hackl . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sparkman |first=Raymond |date=2025-01-02 |title=Kenan Yildiz Parents, The Story Behind the Rising Star |url=https://www.themixedzone.co.uk/kenan-yildiz-parents-the-story-behind-the-rising-star/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=The Mixed Zone |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918001607/https://www.themixedzone.co.uk/kenan-yildiz-parents-the-story-behind-the-rising-star/ |archive-date=2025-09-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2023 |title=Türkei-Held Kenan Yildiz: Warum er sich gegen Deutschland entschied |url=https://www.bild.de/sport/fussball/nationalmannschaft/tuerkei-held-kenan-yildiz-warum-er-sich-gegen-bayern-und-deutschland-entschied-86150536.bild.html |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Ayyukan matasa === Ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a makarantun matasa na Sallern Regensburg da Jahn Regensburg . Ya shiga makarantar horar da matasa ta [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] a shekarar 2012 yana da shekaru 7, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hummel |first=Thomas |date=22 February 2017 |title=Bundesliga: Die große Jagd nach Jugendfußballern |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/nachwuchs-fussball-das-geschaeft-mit-den-fussballtalenten-1.3389222 |website=Süddeutsche.de}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki tukuru a fannin matasansu, sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin kyaftin kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama babban jigo a cikin 'yan wasansu na ƙasa da shekara 19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Bayern'den ayrılacak milli futbolcu Kenan Yıldız'a Barcelona ve Juventus talip |url=https://www.sporx.com/barcelona-ve-juventus-un-istedigi-turk-SXHBQ979664SXQ |website=Sporx}}</ref> A shekararsa ta ƙarshe tare da 'yan wasan Bayern U19 a kakar wasa ta 2021–22, Yıldız ya ba da gudummawar kwallaye shida da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye takwas a wasanni 20. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durant |first=Michel |date=1 June 2022 |title=Barcelona 'seriously considering' Bosman move for Bayern Munich midfielder |url=https://barcauniversal.com/barcelona-seriously-considering-bosman-move-for-bayern-munich-midfielder/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Barca Universal |language=en-US}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar Yıldız tare da Bayern Munich ta ƙare a watan Yulin 2022, kuma kulob din ya tabbatar da cewa ba su iya sake sanya hannu a kansa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=FC Bayern – Knallhart-Poker! Entscheidung bei Wunderkind (17) gefallen |url=https://www.bild.de/bild-plus/sport/fussball/fussball/fc-bayern-muenchen-forderungen-zu-hoch-salihamidzic-laesst-wunderkind-ziehen-80607314.bild.html |website=bild.de}}</ref> [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[Juventus]] sun yi gasa don sanya hannu yayin da ya zama wakilin kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title="Barcellona e Juve si sfidano per Kenan Yildiz" |url=https://corrieredellosport.it/news/calcio/calcio-mercato/juventus/2022/07/05-94424900/_barcellona_e_juve_si_sfidano_per_kenan_yildiz_ |website=corrieredellosport.it}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin, Juventus ta tabbatar da sanya hannu kan Yıldız.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-12 |title=Juve Primavera, doppio colpo Ufficiale: presi Yildiz e Srdoc. La nota del club |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juve-primavera-yildiz-srdoc-ufficiale-comunicato-club-dettagli-cifre/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it}}</ref> A watan Satumba, an haɗa shi cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasa 60 da aka haifa a shekara ta 2005 ta jaridar Ingilishi ''[[The Guardian]]'' . Bayan ya yi wasa tare da U19s, a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, an fara kiran Yıldız zuwa Juventus Next Gen - ƙungiyar ajiyar Juventus - don wasan da za a buga washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=Convocati Juventus Next Gen per la Virtus Verona: tre rientri, prima chiamata per Yildiz |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/convocati-juventus-next-gen-virtus-verona-yildiz/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it}}</ref> A wannan wasan, kocin Massimo Brambilla ya tura shi a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a minti na 61 don yin wasan farko na sana'a; kungiyar ta rasa 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-17 |title=Esordio Yildiz, primi minuti da professionista con la Juventus Next Gen |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/esordio-yildiz-juventus-next-gen-virtus-verona-calcio-professionistico/ |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baridon |first=Marco |date=17 December 2022 |title=Juventus Next Gen Virtus Verona 0-3: crollo casalingo per i bianconeri |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/juventus-next-gen-virtus-verona-live-sintesi-moviola-tabellino-risultato-cronaca-serie-c-2022-23-highlights/ |access-date=17 December 2022 |website=Juventus News 24 |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Satumbar 2023, ya zira kwallaye na farko a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru tare da harbi mai nisa don buɗe wasan waje da Ancona ya ci 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-23 |title=Yildiz, golazo all'Ancona con la Juve Next Gen e linguaccia alla Del Piero |url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/next-gen/2023/09/23-113693463/yildiz_golazo_all_ancona_con_la_juve_next_gen_e_linguaccia_alla_del_piero |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=www.tuttosport.com |language=it}}</ref> === Juventus === Yıldız ya fara buga wasan [[Serie A|Jerin A]] na farko a Juventus a wasan 3-0 da ya ci [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]] a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2023, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin rabi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-20 |title=Juventus, chi è Kenan Yildiz: il classe 2005 che ha esordito in Serie A |url=https://www.lacasadic.com/news-serie-c/kenan-yildiz-juventus-chi-e-storia/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=La Casa di C |language=it |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121101959/https://www.lacasadic.com/news-serie-c/kenan-yildiz-juventus-chi-e-storia/ |archive-date=2024-01-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwanaki goma bayan haka, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din har zuwa 2027.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2023 |title=Yildiz, futuro Juve. Firma fino al 2027: "Troppo bello per essere vero" |url=https://tuttosport.com/news/calcio/calciomercato/juventus/2023/08/30-112394868/yildiz_futuro_juve_firma_fino_al_2027_troppo_bello_per_essere_vero_ |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=Tuttosport |language=it}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa tawagar farko ta Juventus a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba, inda ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 2-1 a kan Frosinone. Wannan ya sanya shi dan wasan kwallon kafa na kasashen waje mafi ƙanƙanta a Serie A yana da shekaru 18 da kwanaki 233. A ranar 16 ga watan Agustan 2024, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2029 kuma ya sami lambar 10 shirt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=Kenan Yildiz renews and takes the No.10! |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kenan-yildiz-renews-and-takes-the-no-10 |publisher=Juventus FC}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Satumbar 2024, Yıldız ya zira kwallaye a wasan farko na [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] da [[PSV Eindhoven]] tare da harbi; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Champions League: Kenan Yildiz scores spectacular opener for Juventus against PSV |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/videos/cqjr078j105o |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> shi ne burin farko da aka zira a gasar zakarar, kuma ya sanya shi dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta ga tawagar a gasar zaran zakarun, ya wuce mashahurin kulob din [[Alessandro Del Piero]]. A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, Yıldız ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 60 tare da Juventus da ke bin 4-2 ga [[Inter Milan]] a Derby d'Italia kuma ya zira kwallaye don sanya shi 4-4 kuma ya lashe kyautar MVP na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bargione |first=Andrea |date=27 October 2024 |title=Inter Juve LIVE: sintesi, tabellino, risultato cronaca live |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/inter-juve-live-sintesi-moviola-tabellino-risultato-cronaca-serie-a-2024-25-diretta-highlights/ |access-date=27 October 2024 |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2025, ya bude ''Derby della Mole'' a kan Torino (ya ƙare 1-1) bayan ya kori 'yan adawa da kuma raga daga waje da yankin tare da ƙafar hagu; wannan burin za a zabe shi a matsayin Goal na 2024-25 na kakar a ƙarshen kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-19 |title=Il goal di Yildiz al Torino è il più bello dello scorso campionato: battuti McTominay e Barella {{!}} Goal.com Italia |url=https://www.goal.com/it/liste/il-goal-di-yildiz-al-torino-e-il-piu-bello-dello-scorso-campionato-battuti-mctominay-e-barella/blt512b19c33264fe3f |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=www.goal.com |language=it}}</ref> Ya gama kakar 2024-25 tare da kwallaye bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juventus.com |title=Serie A, le curiosita' e i rankings bianconeri a fine campionato - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/it/news/articoli/serie-a-le-curiosita-e-i-rankings-bianconeri-a-fine-campionato |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Juventus.com |language=it}}</ref> Ya shiga cikin yakin neman zaɓe na Juventus na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2025. A ranar 18 ga watan Yuni, ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a nasarar 5-0 a kan Al Ain, kuma bayan kwana hudu ya zira kwallan 4-1 a kan [[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Ain vs Juventus: FIFA Club World Cup stats & head-to-head |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c6292ldd47et |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Club World Cup: Juventus beat Wydad 4-1 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cd0v5899ne4t |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yıldız ya fara kakar 2025-26 inda ya lashe kyautar Serie A Player of the Month na watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenan Yildiz 'EA Sports FC Player of the Month' di agosto |url=https://www.legaseriea.it/it/media/serie-a/serieas.hiwaymedia.it/media/serie-a/kenan-yildiz-ea-sports-fc-player-of-the-month-di-agosto |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Lega Serie A |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar 2025, ya zira kwallaye a [[Alessandro Del Piero|Yankin Del Piero]] a kan Borussia Dortmund, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-17 |title=Breve storia dei gol 'alla Del Piero' |url=https://www.ilpost.it/2025/09/17/gol-alla-del-piero-storia-yildiz/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Il Post |language=it}}</ref> wanda ya tunatar da burin Del Piero kuma a kan Borusia Dortmund a nasarar da ya samu a gasar zakarun Turai ta 1995-96, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettoni |first=Lorenzo |date=2025-09-17 |title=30 years on, Yildiz recreates Del Piero's iconic goal vs. Borussia Dortmund |url=https://football-italia.net/yildiz-del-piero-recreates-del-piero-goal-30/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Football Italia |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sport |first=Sky |date=2025-09-17 |title=Yildiz, gol alla Del Piero 30 anni dopo di lui e... lo riguarda con Alex. Hai visto il VIDEO? |url=https://sport.sky.it/calcio/champions-league/video/2025/09/16/yildiz-del-piero-gol-juventus-borussia-dortmund-sky-sport-1036536 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=sport.sky.it |language=it}}</ref> yayin da Juventus ta dawo don tilasta 4-4 draw. [4] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yildiz o... Del Piero? Segna lo stesso gol al Borussia 30 anni e 3 giorni dopo Ale |url=https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Juventus/16-09-2025/juve-borussia-dortmund-gol-di-yildiz-come-del-piero.shtml |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it-IT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-17 |title=Del Piero elogia Yildiz riguardando il gol 'fotocopia' al suo: i due video a confronto |url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2025/09/17/del-piero-yildiz-gol-fotocopia-champions-juventus-borussia-dortmund-video-confronto/8129384/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Il Fatto Quotidiano |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Crosetti |first=Maurizio |date=2025-09-16 |title=Yildiz e il gol alla Del Piero che lui non aveva mai visto |url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/calcio/champions/2025/09/17/news/yildiz_gol_del_piero_intervista-424851384/ |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=La Repubblica |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Juventus 4-4 Borussia Dortmund: Lloyd Kelly goal rescues draw for Old Lady |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/ckgyzn3vx4mt |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> A yin haka, ya kuma zama dan wasan Juventus na huɗu na lamba 10 (bayan [[Roberto Baggio]], Del Piero, da Carlos Tevez) don zira kwallaye a kan Borussia Dortmund a Gasar kulob din UEFA. Yıldız, wanda ya ce bai taba ganin burin Del Piero a shekarar 1995, ya gaya wa Sky Sport Italia cewa harbinsa "na halitta ne".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=Yildiz alla Del Piero: goal al Borussia Dortmund come Pinturicchio nel 1995 |url=https://www.goal.com/it/liste/yildiz-alla-del-piero-goal-al-borussia-dortmund-come-pinturicchio-nel-1995/blta5be3d6adf852425 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Goal.com Italia |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, bayan da aka kori Manuel Locatelli a lokacin hutun rabin lokaci, Yıldız ya zama kyaftin din ''Bianconeri'' a rabi na biyu na wasan da aka zana 1-1 ga Hellas Verona.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-20 |title=Yildiz capitano in Verona Juve: la FOTO fa scatenare tutti |url=https://www.juventusnews24.com/yildiz-verona-juve-fascia-capitano-foto/ |access-date=2025-09-20 |publisher=Juventus News 24 |language=it-IT}}</ref> Shi ne kuma dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taɓa yin hakan yana da shekaru 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-21 |title=Yildiz, 10 e capitano della Juve a vent'anni: a Verona un'immagine che fa la storia |url=https://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/juventus/2025/09/21-143293080/yildiz_10_e_capitano_della_juve_a_vent_anni_a_verona_un_immagine_che_fa_la_storia |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=www.tuttosport.com |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2026, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din har zuwa 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2026 |title=Kenan Yildiz renews until 2030 |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/kenan-yildiz-renews-until-2030 |publisher=Juventus FC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Yıldız, wanda kuma ya cancanci buga wa Jamus wasa, ya kasance matashi na kasa da kasa na Turkiyya, bayan ya wakilci Turkiyya U17s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2022 |title=Juventus Kenan Yıldız'ı transfer etti |url=https://www.fanatik.com.tr/bayern-munih/juventus-kenan-yildizi-transfer-etti-2255310 |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=Fanatik |language=tr}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Satumba 2022, Yıldız ya fara buga wasan farko na Turkiyya U21, inda ya buga minti 28 da Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Juve si gode Kenan Yildiz: prima l'esordio in U21 turca, poi l'incoronazione di The Guardian |url=https://www.tuttomercatoweb.com/serie-a/la-juve-si-gode-kenan-yildiz-prima-l-esordio-in-u21-turca-poi-l-incoronazione-di-i-the-guardian-i-1736560 |access-date=29 October 2022 |website=www.tuttomercatoweb.com |language=it}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Yıldız ya karbi kiransa na farko ga tawagar kasar Turkiyya don wasanni biyu na UEFA Euro 2024 da Croatia da Latvia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2023 |title=A Millî Takım'ın Hırvatistan ve Letonya Maçları Aday Kadrosu Açıklandı |url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=202&ftxtID=42331 |access-date=10 October 2023 |website=www.tff.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=A Millî Takım Aday Kadrosunda Değişiklik |url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=202&ftxtID=42348 |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=www.tff.org}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Oktoba, ya fara bugawa kasa da kasa a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 86 a nasarar 1-0 a kan Croatia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yildiz makes Turkey debut - Juventus |url=https://www.juventus.com/en/news/articles/yildiz-makes-turkey-debut |access-date=2025-07-07 |website=Juventus.com}}</ref> Yıldız ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 2023 a wasan sada zumunci tare da nasarar 3-2 a kan Jamus, ƙasar mahaifiyarsa da ƙasar haihuwarsa, a [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2023 |title=HABERLER: Kenan Yıldız, İtalya manşetlerinde yer aldı! |url=https://www.milliyet.com.tr/skorer/italyanlar-kenan-yildizi-efsane-isme-benzetti-mucevher-7036726 |access-date=19 November 2023 |website=Milliyet |language=tr}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2024, an zaba shi a cikin tawagar mutum 26 na UEFA Euro 2024 a [[Jamus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2024 |title=A Millî Takımımızın EURO 2024 Kadrosu Açıklandı |url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=202&ftxtID=44561 |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=www.tff.org}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Yıldız mai wasan kwaikwayo ne na zamani, wanda aka sani da karfi da kuma harbe-harbe daga waje da akwatin. Har ila yau, ana girmama shi sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai saboda kyakkyawar dabararsa da ƙwarewar dribbling.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2022 |title=Chi è Kenan Yildiz, l'ultimo talento accostato alla Juve |url=https://www.ilbianconero.com/a/chi-e-kenan-yildiz-l-ultimo-talento-accostato-alla-juve-18087 |website=Juventus News - Ultime Notizie Juve - il BiancoNero}}</ref><ref name="gem">{{Cite web |date=13 April 2025 |title=Juve’s Turkish gem |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/club-world-cup/usa-2025/articles/kenan-yildiz-juventus-turkey |access-date=20 May 2026 |website=www.fifa.com}}</ref> Matsayinsa mafi mahimmanci shine a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, yawanci ana buga shi a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari]], kodayake an yi amfani da shi a matsayin mezzala a wani lokaci. Baya ga halayensa na fasaha, an san shi da wannan tsari mai ƙarfi. Baya ga rawar da dan wasan tsakiya ke takawa, Yıldız na iya taka leda a matsayin mai gaba, ko dai a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya]] ko mai gaba na biyu. <ref name="gem" /> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=14 June 2025 |title=FIFA Club World Cup 2025™ |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce233/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |website=FIFA.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Corbo |first=Cristiano |date=4 February 2024 |title=Juventus, chi è Yildiz: il talento a disposizione di Allegri in gol a Frosinone |url=https://www.dazn.com/it-IT/news/calcio/juventus-chi-e-yildiz/1hkgptloekek91ahl68mol99pr |access-date=20 May 2026 |publisher=www.dazn.com |language=it}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 23 August 2026|<ref name=SW>{{Soccerway|759425|access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin Italiya ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Turai]] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Juventus Next Gen |2022–23 |Jerin C |7 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Coppa Italia Serie C]]}} |0 |8 |0 |- |2023–24 |Jerin C |7 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !14 !2 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !1 !0 !15 !2 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Juventus]] |2023–24 |[[Serie A|Jerin A]] |27 |2 |5 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |32 |4 |- |2024–25 |Jerin A |35 |7 |2 |0 |10{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |1 |5{{Efn|One appearance and one goal in [[Supercoppa Italiana]], four appearances and three goals in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}} |4 |52 |12 |- |2025–26 |Jerin A |36 |10 |1 |0 |10[b] |1 | colspan="2" | - |47 |11 |- |2026–27 |Jerin A |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !99 !19 !8 !2 !20 !2 !5 !4 !132 !27 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !113 !21 !8 !2 !20 !2 !6 !4 !147 !29 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Turkiyya |2023 |3 |1 |- |2024 |14 |1 |- |2025 |9 |3 |- |2026 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !31 !5 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kenan Yıldız ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |18 Nuwamba 2023 |[[Berlin]])" id="mwAjg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Filin wasa na Olympiastadion, Berlin, Jamus | style="text-align:center" |2 |{{Fb|GER}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |3–2 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |19 Nuwamba 2024 |[[Nikšić]])" id="mwAkU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gradski stadion (Nikšić)">Gidan wasan Gradski, Nikšić, Montenegro | style="text-align:center" |17 |{{Fb|MNE}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |1–3 |2024-25 UEFA Nations League B |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |11 ga Oktoba 2025 | rowspan="2" |Filin wasa na kasa na Vasil Levski, [[Sofiya|Sofia]], Bulgaria | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |24 | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|BUL}} | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |6–1 | rowspan="3" |2026 cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA |- | align="center" |4 | align="center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |14 ga Oktoba 2025 |Filin wasa na Kocaeli, İzIzmit Turkiyya | style="text-align:center" |25 |{{Fb|GEO}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |} == Daraja == '''Juventus''' '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Gidan yanar gizon Golden Boy: 2024 * ''EA Sports FC'' [[Serie A|Jerin A]] Team of the Season: 2024-25, 2025-26 * Serie A Goal na kakar: 2024-25 * Dan wasan Serie A na Watan: Agusta 2025 * Serie A Manufar Watan: Janairu 2025 * Serie A Rising Star of the Month: Nuwamba 2025, Maris 2026 * Serie A Rising Star of the Season: 2025-26 == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mcbou3yanpskmiimk4p90z6k1sn9kso 0 178369 966950 963911 2026-10-12T20:48:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laburaren Jama'a na Kansas City, Kansas''' ( '''KCKPL''' ) tsarin ɗakin karatu ne na jama'a na Kansas City, Kansas, wanda hedikwatansa ke cikin Babban Laburare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-21 |title=Libraries |url=http://kckpl.org/libraries/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920112902/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/ |archive-date=2021-09-20 |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |quote=Administration Office 625 Minnesota Ave. Kansas City, KS 66101 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dakin karatu yana hidimar gundumar Wyandotte, Kansas . Hukumar Ilimi ta Makarantun Jama'a na Kansas City ( Unified School District 500) ce ke kula da ita kuma tana ba da rahoto ga Hukumar Laburare ta Gundumar Wyandotte <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library Strategic Plan Document |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/kckpl/bmnp/#p=1 |access-date=October 13, 2025}}</ref> == Reshe == [[File:Kansas_City,_Kansas_Public_Library.jpg|thumb| Katin akwatin gidan waya na babban ɗakin karatu]] [[File:Argentine_Carnegie_Library.jpg|thumb| Laburaren Carnegie na Argentina a Argentina]] Tsarin ɗakin karatu ya ƙunshi rassa biyar da ɗakunan karatu na hannu guda uku: <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=KCKPL's Main Library History |url=https://www.kckpl.org/main-project/ |access-date=February 3, 2023}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hours & Locations at Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202215102/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/ |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Babban Laburare ** Yana nan a lamba 625 Minnesota Ave kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 23 ga Maris, 1966. Wannan reshe ya haɗa da sashen gudanar da ɗakin karatu da kuma sassan ayyukan tsarin. Babban Laburare yana ɗauke da Kansas Collection, wani tarin kayan tarihi na musamman waɗanda suka mayar da hankali kan Gundumar Wyandotte da jihar Kansas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's Main Library! |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/main.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212404/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/main.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Laburaren Mr. da Mrs. FL Schlagle ** Yana cikin Wyandotte County Lake Park kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2001. Laburaren Mr. da Mrs. FL Schlagle ɗaya ce daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa guda biyu kacal a cikin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a a Amurka. Tana bayar da shirye-shirye da tarin shirye-shirye na musamman da suka shafi kimiyya da yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's F. L. Schlagle Library! |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/flschlagle.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212405/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/flschlagle.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Laburaren Reshen Kudu ** Yana nan a lamba 3104 Strong Ave a ƙasar Argentina kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2012. Laburaren Reshen Kudu yana ba da ayyukan harshen Sifaniyanci ga tsarin ɗakin karatu, yana ɗauke da mafi girman tarin littattafan hoto na tsarin, kuma yana ba da tarin kek na musamman don biyan kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's South Branch Library! |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/south.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |publisher= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212447/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/south.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya maye gurbin ɗakin karatu na Carnegie na Argentina . An zaɓi sunan ne domin ya nuna cewa yana hidima ga dukkan yankin kudancin birnin ba unguwa ɗaya ba. <ref name="Bormann">{{Cite web |last=Bormann, Dawn |date=2012-09-26 |title=Argentine residents ready to unveil a new library |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article308879/Argentine-residents-ready-to-unveil-a-new-library.html |access-date=2020-04-19 |website=[[Kansas City Star]]}}</ref> * Laburaren Al'umma na Turner ** Yana cikin Cibiyar Al'umma ta Turner Recreation Commission kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 9 ga Maris, 2008. An ƙirƙiro shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa da Turner Unified School District 202. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's Turner Community Library! |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/turner.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212405/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/turner.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Laburare na Yammacin Wyandotte ** Yana nan a lamba 1737 N 82nd Street kuma an buɗe shi a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1986. Laburaren West Wyandotte yana ɗauke da Tarin Fine Arts, tarin littattafai na musamman game da tarihin fasaha, tarihin rayuwar masu fasaha, jagororin tattara kayan tarihi, da kuma koyarwar fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's West Wyandotte Library |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/west-wyandotte.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212405/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/west-wyandotte.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Laburare na Wayar Salula ** An ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin Laburaren Wayar Salula na yanzu a watan Oktoba na 2014 tare da ɗakin karatu ɗaya. An sake samun wasu biyu a watan Nuwamba na 2016. Rundunar Laburare ta Wayar Salula tana hidima a wurare a kewayen Gundumar Wyandotte . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to KCKPL's Mobile Libraries! |url=https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/mobile.html |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212404/https://www.kckpl.org/libraries/mobile.html |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Laburaren Jama'a na Kansas City, Kansas sun sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da: * Kyautar Godiya ta Gundumar Wyandotte ta K-State Research and Extension 2022 * Mafi kyawun reshen ɗakin karatu na KC na Mujallar Pitch: KS 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pitch's Best of KC 2022 |url=https://bestofkc2022.thepitchkc.com/PitchKC/best-of-KC-2022/goods-and-services/best-library-branch-ks |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=The Pitch}}</ref> * Mafi kyawun reshen ɗakin karatu na KC na Mujallar Pitch: KS 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Pitch's Best of KC 2021 |url=https://bestofkc2021.thepitchkc.com/PitchKC/bestofkc2021/goods-and-services/best-library-branch-ks |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=The Pitch}}</ref> == Tarihi == Laburaren Jama'a na Kansas City, Kansas sun samo asali ne a shekarar 1855 lokacin da aka kafa Wyandotte Lyceum and Laburare Association don ƙirƙirar laburare a cikin "Ƙasar Indiya". Tsohon soja na Yaƙin Basasa EF Heisler ya shiga wannan aiki a shekarar 1871 kuma ya kafa ƙaramin ɗakin karatu a ofishinsa kan kuɗin dala 1. A shekara ta 1873, an kafa Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Wyandotte don amfanar wannan ɗakin karatu na biyan kuɗi . Yayin da ɗakin karatu ya fi wannan wuri girma, sai ya koma hawa na biyu na ginin Court Block kusa da 7th da Minnesota a 1893. A wannan shekarar, Hukumar Ilimi ta fara tallafawa da kuma ba da kuɗaɗen ɗakin karatu. Ya karɓi ragamar gudanar da ɗakin karatu a shekarar 1899.<ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 1897, Miss Elizabeth Dickinson ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da laburare na farko. A wannan shekarar, Sarah Richart, tsohuwar malamar makaranta kuma shugabar ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi, ta gabatar da shawarar biyan haraji kan karnukan da ke birnin don samar da sabon ɗakin karatu, kuma ta naɗa kanta a matsayin "mai ƙidayar karnuka". Bayan rasuwarta a shekarar 1901, Richart ta bar gidanta zuwa birnin bisa sharadin cewa birnin zai sadaukar da wani gini don gina ɗakin karatu na jama'a kyauta. Gudummawar da ta bayar, tare da alkawarin dala 75,000 daga [[Andrew Carnegie]], ya haifar da gina dakin karatu na Carnegie a Huron Place. An buɗe ta a shekarar 1904 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Sarah Judd Greenman. Al'ummar sun rungumi sabon ɗakin karatu, wanda ya ƙunshi lambun fure, tafkin kifi, da kuma gidan tarihi. An yi wa ginin ado da kawunan marubuta da mawaka na gargajiya, sannan kuma an yi masa hoton Mrs. Sarah Richart mai girman gaske. A shekarar 1958, 'yan ƙasa sun fahimci buƙatar samar da ɗakin karatu na zamani. An kammala bayar da takardar shaidar kuɗi a wannan shekarar, wadda ke da kuɗin ɗakin karatu mai lamba 625 a Minnesota. An buɗe sabon ginin a shekarar 1966 a cikin wani gini da Hukumar Ilimi ta raba. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Yayin da birnin ke bunƙasa, haka tsarin ɗakin karatu yake bunƙasa. A shekarar 1910, aka haɗa birnin Argentina, kuma WW Thomas, ta hanyar yarjejeniya da 'yan kasuwa na gida, ya ƙirƙiri ɗakin karatu na jama'a a wani shago tare da Miss Hazel Beeler, ita ce ɗakin karatu na farko. Wannan sabon ɗakin karatu ba da daɗewa ba ya zama reshe na ɗakin karatu na Kansas City, Kansas, kuma a cikin 1917 birnin ya buɗe ɗakin karatu na Carnegie na Argentina kusa da Emerson Park. <ref name=":1" /> Wannan wurin ya tsira daga ambaliyar ruwa ta 1951, kuma, a shekarun 1970, ya kasance wurin da aka fi tattara tarin Harshen Sifaniyanci a yankin metro. <ref name=":0" /> Lokacin da aka rushe ɗakin karatu na Carnegie a cikin birnin a shekarar 1958 don gina Babban ɗakin karatu, shi ne ɗakin karatu na Carnegie da ya rage a birnin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-07-02 |title=Argentine |url=http://www.kckpl.lib.ks.us/argpage/arghome.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980702072231/http://www.kckpl.lib.ks.us/argpage/arghome.htm |archive-date=1998-07-02 |access-date=2020-04-18 |publisher=Kansas City, Kansas Public Library}}</ref> A shekarar 1998, an ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa . Ginin ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatu na jama'a da kuma ɗakin karatu na makarantar firamare ta Emerson har zuwa 2012. A shekarar 2012, reshen Kudu na yanzu ya buɗe kan kuɗi dala miliyan 6, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wannan an same shi ne ta hanyar tara kuɗi daga mazauna yankin. Gundumar makarantar ta amince ta biya sauran kuɗin idan mazauna yankin suka tara dala miliyan 1.5 zuwa dala miliyan 2. An rushe wani tsohon shagon kayan abinci domin samar da wurin da za a ajiye kayan karatu na yanzu, kuma gundumar makarantar ta mallaki tsohon ɗakin karatu. <ref name="Bormann" /> Bukatar hidimar ɗakin karatu a yammacin birnin ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ɗakin karatu, a shekarar 1963, a tsohuwar Makarantar Horniff da ke aji na 98 da jiha. A shekarar 1971, ɗakin karatu ya koma wani ɗakin karatu a shagon sayar da kayayyaki na Wyandotte Plaza a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pat Gaunce. Shagon ya shahara a tsakanin iyalai, kuma ba da daɗewa ba al'ummar ta buƙaci babban wurin. A shekarar 1986 aka buɗe sabon ɗakin karatu na West Wyandotte, wanda ke ɗauke da sararin adana kayan tarihi da kuma sabon gida ga sashen Fasaha. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Tsarin ɗakin karatu ya fara bayar da ayyukan ɗakin karatu na wayar hannu ga mazauna a duk faɗin gundumar a shekarar 1964. Tsawon shekaru, ana bayar da sabis ta hanyar motoci daban-daban, tun daga motar burodi da aka canza zuwa rukunin ɗakunan karatu guda uku na yanzu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2001, ɗakin karatu ya shiga yarjejeniya ta musamman da Hukumar Ilimi da Sashen Wuraren Shakatawa don ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Koyon Laburare da Muhalli ta Mr. & Mrs. FL Schlagle a Tafkin Gundumar Wyandotte. Wannan wurin yana ba wa baƙi kayan karatu na kimiyya da yanayi, kuma yana ɗauke da ƙaramin wurin adana dabbobi na gida. Tana bayar da shirye-shirye ga matasa a duk faɗin yankin, a ɗakin karatu, da kuma makarantu da ƙungiyoyi na yankin. Wannan cibiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na muhalli guda biyu na ɗakin karatu a Amurka. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Nishaɗi ta Turner, Kansas City, KS School District 500, da kuma Hukumar Laburare ta Gundumar Wyandotte, an buɗe sabon reshen ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Nishaɗi ta Turner a shekarar 2008. Yana ba da cikakken sabis na ɗakin karatu ga masu amfani da shi a yankin kudu maso yammacin al'ummarmu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|39|06|54|N|94|37|30|W}} l9drt4lzy48cttw7k2imm1unfr0cgjp 0 178406 967075 964034 2026-10-13T06:59:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox settlement|name=KwaZulu-Natal|official_name=Province of KwaZulu-Natal|native_name={{Plainlist |''{{native name|zu|iKwaZulu-Natali}}'' }}|native_name_lang=|type=[[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]|nickname=The Garden Province|motto={{ublist|style=padding-bottom:0.75em;|''Masisukume sakhe''|("Let us rise and build")}}|image=South Beach, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (20504187132).jpg|caption=South Beach in [[Durban]], the most populous city in KwaZulu-Natal|image_flag=Flag_of_the_KwaZulu-Natal_Province.png|flag_size=120px|image_shield=KwaZulu-Natal coat of arms.svg|image_map=KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.svg|map_size=|map_alt=Map showing the location of KwaZulu-Natal in the south-eastern part of South Africa|map_caption=Location of KwaZulu-Natal in [[South Africa]]|subdivision_type=[[Sovereign state|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flagdeco|RSA}} [[South Africa]]|established_title=Established|established_date=27 April 1994|established_title1=|established_date1=|established_title2=|established_date2=|established_title3=|established_date3=|established_title4=|established_date4=|established_title5=|established_date5=|seat_type=Capital|seat=[[Pietermaritzburg]]|seat1_type=Largest city|seat1=[[Durban]]|parts_type=[[Districts of South Africa|Districts]]|p1=[[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality|eThekwini]]|p2=[[Ugu District Municipality|Ugu]]|p3=[[Umgungundlovu District Municipality|Umgungundlovu]]|p4=[[Uthukela District Municipality|Uthukela]]|p5=[[Umzinyathi District Municipality|Umzinyathi]]|p6=[[Amajuba District Municipality|Amajuba]]|p7=[[Zululand District Municipality|Zululand]]|p8=[[Umkhanyakude District Municipality|Umkhanyakude]]|p9=[[King Cetshwayo District Municipality|King Cetshwayo]]|p10=[[iLembe District Municipality|iLembe]]|p11=[[Harry Gwala District Municipality|Harry Gwala]]|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]<ref>{{cite act|title= KwaZulu-Natal Traditional Leadership and Governance Act, 2005|type=Act|date=2005 |institution=KwaZulu-Natal Legislature|at=Section 17|url= https://archive.opengazettes.org.za/archive/ZA-NL/2006/provincial-gazette-ZA-NL-no-6460-dated-2006-01-16.pdf|access-date=26 October 2024}}</ref>|leader_title=[[King of the Zulu Nation|King]]|leader_name=[[Misuzulu Zulu|Misuzulu]]|leader_title1=[[Premier of KwaZulu-Natal|Premier]]|leader_name1=[[Thami Ntuli]] ([[Inkatha Freedom Party|IFP]])|leader_title2=Legislature|leader_name2=[[KwaZulu-Natal Legislature]]|area_footnotes=<ref name="cib2011">{{cite book |title=Census 2011: Census in brief |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |publisher=Statistics South Africa |location=Pretoria |year=2012 |isbn=9780621413885}}</ref>{{rp|9}}|area_total_km2=94361|area_rank=[[List of South African provinces by area|7th in South Africa]]|elevation_max_footnotes=|elevation_min_footnotes=<!---Use tags for references--->|elevation_max_m=3451|elevation_min_m=0|population_footnotes=<ref name="2022 census" />|population_total=12,818,479|population_as_of=2022|population_density_km2=132|population_rank=[[List of South African provinces by population|2nd in South Africa]]|population_density_rank=[[List of South African provinces by population density|2nd in South Africa]]|population_note=|demographics_type1=Population groups (2022)|demographics1_footnotes=<ref name="2022 census" />|demographics1_title1=[[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black]]|demographics1_info1=84.8%|demographics1_title2=[[Indian South African|Indian]] or [[Asian South African|Asian]]|demographics1_info2=9.3%|demographics1_title3=[[White South African|White]]|demographics1_info3=4.1%|demographics1_title4=[[Coloured]]|demographics1_info4=1.5%|demographics1_title5=Other|demographics1_info5=0.3%|demographics_type2=Languages (2022)|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="2022 census" />|demographics2_title1=[[Zulu language|Zulu]]|demographics2_info1=80.0%|demographics2_title2=[[South African English|English]]|demographics2_info2=14.4%|demographics2_title3=[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]|demographics2_info3=3.1%|demographics2_title4=[[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]|demographics2_info4=1.0%|time_zone1=[[South African Standard Time|SAST]]|utc_offset1=+2|iso_code=ZA-KZN|custom_label_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)|custom_data_sec1=0.706<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br />{{color|#090|high}} · [[List of South African provinces by Human Development Index|5th of 9]] <!-- GDP -------------->|custom_label1_sec1=GDP|custom_data1_sec1=[[US$]]64.7 billion<ref>{{citation|title=Provincial gross domestic product:experimental estimates, 2013–2022|url=https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/D04411/D044112022.pdf|website=www.statssa.gov.za}}</ref>|website={{URL|http://www.kznonline.gov.za/}}|footnotes=}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''KwaZulu-Natal''' ( / k wɑː ˌ z uː l uː nəˈtɑːl / , wanda kuma ake kira '''KZN''' ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa |url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/geography/kwazulu-natal.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724082744/http://www.southafrica.info/about/geography/kwazulu-natal.htm#.U0ZMuuaSz58 |archive-date=24 July 2014 |access-date=10 April 2014}}</ref> lardi ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1994 lokacin da gwamnati ta haɗa Zulu bantustan na KwaZulu ("Wurin Zulu" a [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] ) da Lardin Natal . Tana kudu maso gabashin ƙasar, tare da dogon bakin teku a [[Tekun Indiya]] . Tana da iyaka da wasu larduna uku da kuma ƙasashen [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Eswatini]] da [[Lesotho]] . Babban birninta shine Pietermaritzburg, kuma babban birninta shine [[Durban]], wanda kuma shine [[Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Durban|birni mafi girman tashar jiragen ruwa]] a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara na Afirka. Ita ce lardi ta biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu, bayan Gauteng . An ayyana yankuna biyu a KwaZulu-Natal a [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|matsayin wuraren tarihi na duniya]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]] : wurin shakatawa na iSimangaliso Wetland da kuma wurin shakatawa na uKhahlamba Drakensberg . Waɗannan yankuna suna da mahimmanci ga yanayin halittu da ke kewaye. A shekarun 1830 da farkon shekarun 1840, an kafa yankin arewacin abin da yanzu ake kira KwaZulu-Natal a matsayin Masarautar Zulu . Yankin kudu, a takaice, shine Jamhuriyar Boer Natalia kafin Turawan Ingila suka karɓe iko a shekarar 1843, suka sake mata suna zuwa Mulkin Mallaka na Natal a shekarar 1843. Masarautar Zulu ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai 'yancin kai har zuwa shekarar 1879. KwaZulu-Natal ita ce mahaifar fitattun mutane da yawa a tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, kamar [[Albert Luthuli]], wanda ba farar fata ba ne kuma mutum na farko daga wajen Turai da Amurka da aka ba shi kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel (1960); Pixley ka Isaka Seme, wanda ya kafa [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|African National Congress]] (ANC) kuma lauyan bakar fata na farko a Afirka ta Kudu; [[John Langalibalele Dube]], shugaban ANC; [[Harry Gwala]], memba na ANC kuma mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata; Mac Maharaj, memba na ANC, mai fafutukar yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma wanda ake tuhuma a shari'ar Little Rivonia ; ƙungiyar [[Ladysmith Black Mambazo]] wacce ta lashe kyautar Grammy; DJ Black Coffee wanda ya lashe kyautar Grammy, wanda aka nada a matsayin wanda ya jagoranci Zauren Fina-finai na Rediyon Afirka ta Kudu Alan Khan ; Masanin zamantakewa kuma marubuciya [[Fatima Meer]] ; [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi]], wanda ya kafa Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP); Anton Lembede, shugaban kafa ANC Youth League ; [[Jacob Zuma]], tsohon Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu ; Bhambatha, shugaban Zulu na karni na 19 wanda ya zama alamar [[Internal resistance to apartheid|yaki da wariyar launin fata]] ; da [[Shaka zulu|Shaka Zulu]] . == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:Howick_falls3.jpg|thumb| Kwarin [[Kogin Umgeni|Kogin Mngeni]] kusa da [[Howick Falls]]]] A kusan {{Cvt|92,100|km2}} a yankin, KwaZulu-Natal tana da girman kusan Portugal. Tana da yankuna uku daban-daban kuma ita ce lardin da ya fi gabas a ƙasar. Yankin [[Tuddai da ƙananan tuddai|ƙasa mai faɗi]] da ke gefen tekun Indiya yana da matuƙar kunkuntar kudu, yana faɗaɗa a arewacin lardin, yayin da tsakiyar Natal Midlands ya ƙunshi wani tudu mai tsaunuka da ke tashi zuwa yamma. Yankuna biyu masu tsaunuka, [[Drakensberg|tsaunukan Drakensberg]] na yamma da tsaunukan Lebombo na arewacin, bi da bi, suna samar da katangar basalt mai ƙarfi wadda ta haura sama da {{Convert|3000|m|ft}} kusa da kan iyakar Lesotho da ƙananan jeri na tsohon dutse mai layi ɗaya da ke gudana kudu daga Eswatini. Babban kogin yankin, [[Kogin Tugela|Tugela]], yana gudana daga yamma zuwa gabas a tsakiyar lardin. Yankunan bakin teku galibi suna da ƙuraje [[Yankunan da ke cikin zafi|masu zafi]] da kuma kwaruruka masu zurfi; gangaren tsaunuka masu tsayi suna karɓar bakuncin wasu dajin Afromontane . Yankin tsakiyar ƙasar yana da ciyayi masu danshi da kuma wuraren dajin Afromontane da aka keɓe. Arewacin ƙasar yana da wurin zama na savanna mai ɗanshi, yayin da yankin Drakensberg ke ɗauke da mafi yawan ciyayi [[Yanayin Alpine|na tsaunuka]] . Lardin ya ƙunshi yankuna masu wadataccen nau'ikan halittu na nau'ikan tsirrai da fauna. An ayyana wurin shakatawa na iSimangaliso Wetland da kuma wurin shakatawa na uKhahlamba-Drakensberg a matsayin [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wuraren tarihi na duniya]] [[UNESCO|na UNESCO]] . Wurin shakatawa na iSimangaliso Wetland Park, tare da uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park da Ndumo, [[Dausayi|wurare ne masu dausayi]] masu mahimmanci a duniya ga nau'ikan halittu masu ƙaura kuma an sanya su a matsayin [[Wajen Ramsar|wuraren Ramsar]] . Afirka ta Kudu ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta 1971 don ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da kare muhimman wurare masu dausayi saboda muhimmancinsu ga matsugunan zama da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban. An haɗa tsohuwar ƙauye ta gabashin Cape ta garin Umzimkulu da yankinta a cikin KwaZulu-Natal bayan kwaskwarimar kundin tsarin mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ta 12. Kwaskwarima ta kuma yi wasu sauye-sauye a kan iyakar kudancin lardin. Layin arewa maso yamma na daidai latitude da longitude yana ratsa lardin daga bakin teku a Hibberdene ( Lardin ya zama na farko da ya haɗa da wani ɓangare na hanya wanda aka yi da filastik kaɗan, daidai da kusan kwalayen madara da aka sake yin amfani da su 40,000. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Emma |date=30 October 2019 |title=Plastic bottles repaving South Africa's roads |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/30/business/plastic-roads-in-south-africa-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-28 |title=South Africas first plastic based road has been built |url=https://averda.co.za/news/south-africas-first-plastic-based-road-has-been-built/&grqid=sgCQUjd6&s=1&hl=en-ZA |access-date=2020-05-20 |publisher=averda.co.za}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023}}</ref> === Yanayi === [[File:Upland_South_Africa_Savanna.jpg|thumb|237x237px| Savannah na tsaunuka kusa da Pietermaritzburg]] [[File:Coastal_mangrove_forest_near_Durban's_Umgeni_River.jpg|alt=Mangrove forest at the Umgeni River estuary in Durban|thumb|236x236px| Dajin Mangrove a bakin kogin Umgeni da ke Durban]] KwaZulu-Natal tana da yanayi daban-daban amma mai kyau, godiya ga yanayin ƙasa daban-daban da rikitarwa. Gabaɗaya, bakin tekun yana da [[Yankunan da ke cikin zafi|yanayin zafi sosai]], inda yankunan cikin gida ke ƙara yin sanyi. [[Durban|A Durban]] da ke gabar tekun kudu, ana samun ruwan sama mai nauyin 1009 a kowace shekara.&nbsp;mm, tare da mafi girman lokacin rana daga Janairu zuwa Maris da {{Convert|28|°C|°F}} da aƙalla {{Convert|21|°C|°F}}, yana raguwa zuwa mafi girman lokacin rana daga Yuni zuwa Agusta na {{Convert|23|°C|°F}} da aƙalla {{Convert|11|°C|°F}} . Zafin jiki yana raguwa zuwa ga yankunan karkara, inda Pietermaritzburg yake kama da haka a lokacin rani, amma yana da sanyi sosai a lokacin hunturu. Ladysmith a kwarin kogin Tugela ya kai {{Convert|30|°C|°F}} a lokacin rani amma yana iya faɗuwa ƙasa da inda sanyi yake a daren hunturu. Dutsen Drakensberg na iya fuskantar dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a lokacin hunturu, tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai sauƙi a wasu lokutan a kan tsaunuka mafi tsayi a lokacin rani. Gaɓar tekun arewa na Zululand tana da yanayi mafi zafi da kuma mafi yawan danshi, wanda ke tallafawa gonakin sukari da yawa a kusa da Pongola. === Iyakoki === KwaZulu-Natal yana iyaka da yankunan Mozambique, Eswatini da Lesotho: * Lardin Maputo, Mozambique (arewa maso gabas) * Gundumar Lubombo, Eswatini (arewa maso gabas, gabashin Shiselweni) * Gundumar Shiselweni, Eswatini (arewa maso gabas, yammacin Lubombo) * Gundumar Mokhotlong, Lesotho (kudu maso yamma, arewacin Thaba-Tseka) * gundumar Thaba-Tseka, Lesotho (kudu maso yamma, tsakanin Mokhotlong da Qacha's Nek) * Gundumar Nek ta Qacha, Lesotho (kudu maso yamma, kudu da Thaba-Tseka) A cikin gida, tana iyaka da lardunan da ke ƙasa: * Mpumalanga (arewa) * Jihar 'Yanci (yamma) * Gabashin Cape (kudu maso yamma) === Sassan gudanarwa === [[File:South_Africa_Districts_showing_KZ.png|thumb| Taswirar Afirka ta Kudu da ke nuna gundumomin lardin KwaZulu-Natal]] [[File:KwaZulu-Natal_population_density_map.svg|thumb| Yawan jama'a a KwaZulu-Natal ]] [[File:KwaZulu-Natal_dominant_language_map.svg|thumb|Harsunan da suka fi yawa a KwaZulu-Natal ]] Lardin KwaZulu-Natal ya rabu zuwa ƙaramar hukuma ɗaya ta babban birni da kuma gundumomi goma. An raba ƙananan hukumomin zuwa ƙananan hukumomi 44. An ba da kujerar kowace karamar hukuma a cikin baka: A shekarar 2012, Ingonyama Trust ta mallaki kashi 32% na ƙasar da ke KwaZulu-Natal, a cikin ƙananan hukumomi da yawa. Wannan ya kai kimanin kadada miliyan uku, inda sama da mutane miliyan 4 ke zaune. Sarkin Zulu shine shugaban Amintaccen. ==== Ƙananan hukumomin birni ==== <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  ==== Karamar hukumar gunduma ==== <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> === Gaɓar teku === [[File:Kznbeach.jpg|thumb| Tekun bakin teku a Tekun Arewa]] Gaɓar teku tana cike da ƙananan garuruwa, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna aiki a matsayin cibiyoyin nishaɗi na yanayi. Yanayin yankunan bakin teku yana da danshi kuma yana da zafi sosai, kamar yadda yake a kudancin Florida a Amurka, amma ba kamar yadda yake a lokacin rani ba. Yayin da mutum ke ƙara matsawa arewa zuwa bakin teku zuwa kan iyakar Mozambique, yanayin ya zama kusan yanayin zafi kawai. Arewacin Durban ana kiransa da " Tekun Arewa ", yayin da kudu kuma ana kiransa " Tekun Kudu ". Hukumar yawon bude ido ta Kwazulu-Natal ta ƙunshi garuruwa kamar Margate, Port Shepstone, Scottburgh da Port Edward a cikin ma'anar Kudancin Tekun, yayin da Ballito, uMhlanga, Zimbali da Salt Rock su ne garuruwan shakatawa na Arewa maso Gabashin. [[File:San_Lameer.jpg|thumb| Wurin shakatawa na San Lameer]] Ana samun rairayin bakin teku masu inganci a kusan kowane yanki na gabashin gabar tekun Afirka ta Kudu, tare da wasu daga cikin duwatsu masu daraja da ba a taɓa samun su ba a ƙarshen kudu da arewa mai nisa na lardin. An amince da Marina Beach (da kuma wurin shakatawa na San Lameer) a shekarar 2002 a matsayin [[Blue Flag rairayin bakin teku|bakin teku mai launin shuɗi]] . Wasu baƙi suna zuwa don bikin shekara-shekara na ƙarshen kaka ko farkon hunturu a bakin tekun KwaZulu-Natal na " sardine run ". Ana kiransa da "mafi girman kogi a duniya", ruwan sardine yana faruwa ne lokacin da miliyoyin sardines suka yi ƙaura daga wurin haihuwarsu a kudu da ƙarshen kudancin Afirka zuwa arewa tare da gabar tekun Gabashin Cape zuwa KwaZulu-Natal. Suna bin wata hanya kusa da bakin teku, wanda hakan ke sa kifaye da yawa su watse a bakin teku. Babban tarin ƙananan kifaye na iya ɗaukar tsawon kilomita da yawa; dubban mafarauta ne ke farautarsa, ciki har da kifayen farauta, sharks, dolphins da tsuntsayen teku . Yawanci, kwarurukan ruwa suna wargajewa kuma kifayen suna ɓacewa cikin ruwa mai zurfi a kusa da Durban. Masana kimiyya sun kasa amsa tambayoyi da yawa game da wannan yanayi na musamman. === Ciki === Cikin lardin ya ƙunshi manyan tsaunuka masu birgima daga kwarin tsaunukan Thousand zuwa Midlands . Kyawun su ya zaburar da adabi. [[Alan Paton]], a cikin littafinsa mai suna ''Cry, the Beloved Country'', ya rubuta: {{Blockquote|There is a lovely road that runs from [[Ixopo]] into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. The road climbs {{convert|7|mi|km|spell=in}} into them, to Carisbrooke; and from there, if there is no mist, you look down on one of the fairest valleys of Africa. About you there is grass and bracken and you may hear the forlorn crying of the [[black-winged lapwing|titihoya]], one of the birds of the veld. Below you is the valley of the [[Umzimkulu River|Umzimkulu]], on its journey from the Drakensberg to the sea; and beyond and behind the river, great hill after great hill; and beyond and behind them, the mountains of Ingeli and [[Griqualand East]].}} == Tarihi == [[File:Map_of_definitions_of_Zululand-KwaZulu.svg|thumb|''Zululand'' ko ''KwaZulu'' suna da ma'anoni daban-daban: ]] A ranar [[Kirsimeti]] ta 1497, wani mai binciken Vasco da Gama na ƙasar Portugal ya ga gabar tekun Natal kuma ya sanya wa wurin suna bayan kalmar Kirsimeti ta ƙasar Portugal, ''[[wiktionary:Natal#Portuguese|Natal]]'' . Reshen Nguni na [[Mutanen Bantu|Bantu]] ya mamaye wannan yanki tun farkon shekarun 1300. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vasco da Gama's Voyage of 'Discovery' 1497 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/vasco-da-gamas-voyage-discovery-1497 |access-date=4 August 2020 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> Turawan farko da suka fara zama 'yan Birtaniya, galibinsu 'yan asalin ƙasar Birtaniya, sun kafa [[Durban|Port Natal]], wani wurin ciniki. Ba su yi wani yunƙuri na gina yankin cikin gida ba, wanda sarkin Zulu, [[Shaka zulu|Shaka,]] ya [[Mfecane|halaka]] mazaunansa. [[Al'ummar Afrikaner|Afrikaner]] Voortrekkers sun shiga yankin ta hanyar [[Drakensberg]] a cikin 1837. Waɗannan 'yan Afirka sun kayar da Zulus a [[Yakin kogin jini|Yaƙin Kogin Blood]] a shekarar 1838 sannan daga baya suka kafa Jamhuriyar Natal. Saboda haka, yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na jamhuriyar Boer mai ɗan gajeren lokaci tsakanin 1839 da 1843 har zuwa lokacin da Birtaniya ta mamaye shi. Da yawa daga cikin mazauna Afrikaner sun koma cikin gida bayan an mayar da su ƙasar, kuma an maye gurbinsu da baƙi, galibi daga Birtaniya. Tun daga shekarar 1860, yawan 'yan Indiyawa, galibi 'yan Tamil, da Turawan Birtaniya suka kawo don yin aiki a gonakin sukari da ke bakin teku. Masarautar ta mallaki Zululand (yankin arewa da Kogin Tugela) bayan Yaƙin Zulu na 1879. An ƙara filayen arewacin Kogin Buffalo a shekarar 1902. Sojojin Boer sun shiga yankin a lokacin Yaƙin Afirka ta Kudu (1899 zuwa 1902){{Spaced en dash}}wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Boer na biyu{{Spaced en dash}}kuma suka kewaye Ladysmith . Sun kasa ginawa a kan fa'idarsu ta farko kuma tsawon watanni uku layin da ke tsakanin sojojin da ke gaba da juna ya bi ta kan hanyar [[Kogin Tugela]] . A shekarar 1910, yankin ya zama lardin Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu, kuma a shekarar 1961 Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu ta zama lardin da aka fi sani da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu. Lokacin da aka sake haɗa ƙasar KwaZulu, wanda ke nufin "Wurin Zulu" cikin lardin Natal bayan ƙarshen mulkin wariyar launin fata a shekarar 1994, an sake sanya wa lardin Natal, wanda ya kasance tsakanin 1910 da 1994, suna KwaZulu-Natal. Lardin yana da masarautar Zulu; yawancin jama'a suna magana da [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] . Ita ce kawai lardi a Afirka ta Kudu da ke da sunan ƙabilar da ta fi rinjaye a cikin sunanta. Kamar yadda yake a Gabashin Cape, yawancin fararen fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu a KwaZulu-Natal 'yan asalin Birtaniya ne, kuma ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na fararen fata a lardin 'yan asalin Boer/Afrikaner ne. == Alamar makamai ta lardin == Magoya bayan zaki da na daji alamu ne na, bi da bi, KwaZulu da Natal, yankunan sun haɗu don ƙirƙirar KwaZulu-Natal. Baya ga mahimmancinsa a matsayin alamar masarautar Zulu, zakin yana kuma cikin alamomin jiha na Indiya da Burtaniya waɗanda tare suke wakiltar manyan ƙungiyoyi uku na mutane a KwaZulu-Natal kuma suna wakiltar haɗin kai a tsakaninsu. Layin zig-zag yana wakiltar [[Drakensberg]], wanda yake kore a lokacin rani, amma yana rufe dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin hunturu. <ref name="sabooklet">''My country South Africa{{Spaced en dash}}celebrating our national symbols and heritage'', Department of Education (South Africa), {{ISBN|1-77018-108-3}}.</ref> Tauraron yana wakiltar Tauraron Baitalami, saboda Vasco da Gama ya sanya wa yankin suna "Natalia", wanda ke nuni ga haihuwar Almasihu, a Ranar Kirsimeti a 1497. Furen strelitzia da ke kan garkuwa yana nuna kyawun lardin. Assegai da knobkierrie da ke bayan garkuwa suna wakiltar kariya da zaman lafiya. Tushen kambin wani nau'in hula ne da dattawan Zulu ke sanyawa a al'ada, wanda ke wakiltar hikima da balaga. Abin da ke cikinsa shi ne gidan ciyawa irin na Zulu. Taken shine ''Masisukume Sakhe'', Zulu na "Bari mu tashi tsaye mu gina". <ref name="sabooklet" /> == Doka da gwamnati == [[File:KwaZulu-Natal_Parliament_building,_Pietermaritzburg,_South_Africa.jpg|thumb| Ginin majalisar dokokin KwaZulu-Natal, wanda ke Pietermaritzburg]] === Gwamnatin lardi === Gwamnatin lardin KwaZulu-Natal tana da hedikwata a Pietermaritzburg . An aza harsashin ginin sabon ginin majalisar dokoki a ranar 21 ga watan Yunin 1887, domin tunawa da bikin zagayowar ranar Sarauniya Victoria ta Zinare . An kammala ginin bayan shekaru biyu. A ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1889, Gwamnan Natal, Sir Arthur Havelock, ya buɗe zaman Majalisar Dokoki ta farko a sabon ginin. Wannan shine tsohon wurin da aka gina cocin St Mary, wanda aka gina a shekarun 1860. Ikilisiyar ta gina sabuwar coci a shekarar 1884 a kusurwar titin Burger da titin Commercial. An rushe tsohon ginin a shekarar 1887 domin samar da sarari ga ginin majalisar dokoki. Lokacin da aka bai wa Natal mulki a shekarar 1893, sabuwar Majalisar Dokoki ta karɓi ragamar majalisar da Majalisar Dokoki ta yi amfani da ita tun daga shekarar 1889. An ƙara tsawaita ginin majalisar. Ginin ba shi da kowa har zuwa shekarar 1902, lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ba tare da an buɗe shi a hukumance ba, saboda ƙasar ta faɗa cikin yaƙin Anglo-Boer . Yaƙin ya tilasta wa Majalisar Dokoki ta motsa wurin zamanta, domin an yi amfani da ɗakinta a matsayin asibitin soja. An kare gine-ginen Majalisar Dokoki da kuma Majalisar Dokoki a matsayin wuraren tarihi na larduna . Sun kafa Majalisar Mulkin mallaka mai gidaje biyu: Majalisar wakilai 11 da aka zaɓa da kuma Majalisar wakilai 37 da aka zaɓa. An wargaza Majalisar Dokokin Natal a shekarar 1910 lokacin da aka kafa Tarayyar Afirka ta Kudu, kuma Majalisar ta zama wurin taron Majalisar Lardin Natal. An rusa majalisar a shekarar 1986. Majalisar dokokin lardin ta ƙunshi mambobi 80. === Tsarin da ke ciki na yanzu === Zaɓen 2024 ya ga babban sauyi a fagen siyasar KwaZulu-Natal. [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Jam'iyyar African National Congress]] (ANC), wacce ta lashe rinjaye a lardin a kowace zabe tun daga 2004, ta ga kuri'unta sun fadi da kusan kashi biyu bisa uku, sun ragu zuwa kashi 17% kuma sun zo na uku. Sabanin haka, sabuwar jam'iyya ta [[Jam'iyyar UMkhonto weSizwe|uMkhonto we Sizwe]], wacce tsohon shugaban ƙasa [[Jacob Zuma]] ke jagoranta, ta zama babbar jam'iyya a lardin, inda ta lashe kashi 45% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, musamman a tsakanin 'yan kabilar Zulu da ke da rinjaye a lardin. Bayan zaɓen, Jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), wacce a da ita ce jam'iyyar adawa ta lardin, ta kafa gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa tare da ANC, da Democratic Alliance (DA), da kuma National Freedom Party . A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa, Thami Ntuli na IFP ya zama firayim minista, wanda hakan ya sanya shi memba na farko na IFP da ya riƙe wannan matsayi cikin shekaru ashirin. {{Election results|image=[[File:South_Africa_KwaZulu-Natal_Parliament_2024.svg]]|party1=[[uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)|uMkhonto we Sizwe]]|votes1=1590813|sw1=New|seats1=37|sc1=New|party2=[[Inkatha Freedom Party]]|votes2=633771|sw2={{increase}} 2.73|seats2=15|sc2={{increase}} 2|party3=[[African National Congress]]|votes3=595958|sw3={{decrease}} 27.23|seats3=14|sc3={{decrease}} 30|party4=[[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]]|votes4=468515|sw4={{decrease}} 0.54|seats4=11|sc4={{steady}} 0|party5=[[Economic Freedom Fighters]]|votes5=79211|sw5={{decrease}} 7.65|seats5=2|sc5={{decrease}} 6|party6=[[National Freedom Party]]|party7=Moodley Thanasagren Rubbanathan|votes6=19548|votes7=12323|sw6={{decrease}} 1.01|sw7=New|seats7=0|seats6=1|sc6={{steady}} 0|sc7=New|party8=[[African Christian Democratic Party]]|party9=[[ActionSA]]|party10=[[Allied Movement for Change]]|party11=[[Patriotic Alliance]]|votes8=11366|votes9=9569|votes10=8007|votes11=7843|sw8={{decrease}} 0.16|sw9=New|sw10=New|sw11=New|seats8=0|seats9=0|seats10=0|seats11=0|sc8={{decrease}} 1|sc9=New|sc10=New|sc11=New|seats12=0|seats13=0|seats14=0|seats15=0|seats16=0|party12=[[African Transformation Movement]]|party13=[[Democratic Liberal Congress]]|party14=[[Al Jama-ah]]|party15=[[Freedom Front Plus]]|party16=[[Build One South Africa]]|votes12=6477|votes13=6126|votes14=6012|votes15=5638|votes16=4648|sw12={{decrease}} 0.31|sw13={{decrease}} 0.21|sw14={{decrease}} 0.11|sw15={{decrease}} 0.15|sw16=New|sc12={{decrease}} 1|sc13={{steady}} 0|sc14={{steady}} 0|sc15={{steady}} 0|sc16=New|party17=[[African People's Movement]]|party18=[[Rise Mzansi]]|party19=[[Pan Africanist Congress of Azania]]|party20=Justice and Employment Party|votes17=4117|votes18=3898|votes19=3817|votes20=3626|sw17=New|sw18=New|sw19={{increase}} 0.04|sw20={{decrease}} 0.13|seats17=0|seats18=0|seats19=0|seats20=0|sc17=New|sc18=New|sc19={{steady}} 0|sc20={{steady}} 0|party21=[[Congress of the People (South African political party)|Congress of the People]]|party22=[[Abantu Batho Congress]]|party23=People's Freedom Party|party24=[[Sizwe Ummah Nation]]|party25=[[United Democratic Movement]]|votes21=3615|votes23=3162|votes24=2731|votes25=2565|sw21={{decrease}} 0.04|sw22=New|sw23=New|sw24=New|sw25={{decrease}} 0.03|seats21=0|seats22=0|seats23=0|seats24=0|seats25=0|sc21={{steady}} 0|sc22=New|sc23=New|sc24=New|sc25={{steady}} 0|votes22=3214|party26=[[African Independent Congress]]|party27=African Movement Congress|party28=[[Good (political party)|Good]]|party29=Arise SA|party30=African People First|party31=Economic Liberators Forum South Africa|party32=All Citizens Party|party33=[[Africa Restoration Alliance]]|votes26=2527|votes27=2049|votes28=2005|votes29=1958|votes30=1007|votes31=679|votes32=631|votes33=629|sw26={{decrease}} 0.19|sw27=New|sw28={{decrease}} 0.05|sw29=New|sw30=New|sw31=New|sw32=New|sw33=New|seats26=0|seats27=0|seats28=0|seats29=0|seats30=0|seats31=0|seats32=0|seats33=0|sc26={{steady}} 0|sc27=New|sc28={{steady}} 0|sc29=New|sc30=New|sc31=New|sc32=New|sc33=New|electorate=5738249|invalid=39761|source=[https://results.elections.org.za/home/NPEPublicReports/1335/Results%20Report/KN/KN.pdf Electoral Commission of South Africa]}}An rantsar da Thami Ntuli na jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom Party a hukumance a matsayin Firayim Ministan KwaZulu-Natal a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2024. === Sarautar Zulu === KwaZulu-Natal gida ne ga sarkin Zulu, a halin yanzu Sarki Misuzulu Zulu kaZwelithini. {{As of|2015}} , gwamnatin lardin ta ba wa Sarkin Zulu tallafin kuɗi na [[Rand na Afirka ta Kudu|rand miliyan 54 na Afirka ta Kudu]] . Shi ne kuma shugaban Ingonyama Trust, wanda ke da iko da kashi 32% na yankin lardin. A ƙarƙashin dokokin larduna, ana ɗaukar sarkin Zulu a matsayin sarkin lardin KwaZulu-Natal. Ikon Sarki a tsarin mulki yana da iyaka. Wannan ya sanya KwaZulu-Natal, wacce ke tsakanin lardunan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masarautar tsarin mulki ta majalisar dokoki. == Alƙaluma == Ya zuwa shekarar ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022, KwaZulu-Natal tana da yawan jama'a 12,423,907, wanda ya karu da kashi 21.0% idan aka kwatanta da ƙidayar jama'a ta baya a shekarar 2011 . Ita ce ta biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin larduna tara na Afirka ta Kudu. Matsakaicin shekaru shine 28, ƙaruwar shekaru 6 daga 2011. <ref name="2022 census3">{{Cite web |title=Statistical Release - Census 2022 |url=https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=statssa.gov.za}}</ref> === Kabila/Ƙabilu === A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022, kashi 84.8% na al'ummar sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Baƙar fata ɗan Afirka, kashi 9.3% a matsayin 'yan Indiya/Asiya, kashi 4.1% a matsayin Fari, da kuma kashi 1.5% a matsayin [[Coloureds|Masu Launi]] . <ref name="2022 census3" /> Mafi yawan 'yan Afirka baƙar fata a lardin Zulu ne. KwaZulu-Natal ita ce jiha mafi yawan al'ummar Indiya a Afirka ta Kudu, inda mafi yawan 'yan Afirka ta Kudu 'yan Indiya ke zaune a lardin. Yawancin fararen fata 'yan asalin Burtaniya ne, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗaya daga cikin larduna biyu kacal (tare da Gabashin Cape ) inda fararen fata 'yan asalin Burtaniya suka fi [[Al'ummar Afrikaner|'yan Afirka]] . {| class="wikitable" |+Rarraba Tarihin Yawan Jama'a ta Rukuni <ref name="2022 census3" /> ! Rukunin Yawan Jama'a ! 1996 ! 2001 ! 2011 ! 2022 |- | Baƙar fata ɗan Afirka | Kashi 82.8% | 85.2% | 86.9% | 84.8% |- | Ba'indiye/Asiya | 9.3% | 8.3% | 7.4% | 9.3% |- | Fari | 6.6% | 5.0% | 4.2% | 4.1% |- | [[Coloureds|Mai launi]] | 1.4% | 1.5% | 1.4% | 1.5% |- | Wani | babu | babu | 0.3% | 0.3% |} === Harsuna === A ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2022, kashi 81.8% na al'ummar ƙasar sun ba da rahoton [[Harshen Uwa|harshensu na farko]] a matsayin [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]], kashi 14.4% a matsayin Turanci, kashi 3.1% a matsayin [[Harshen Xhosa|Xhosa]], da kuma kashi 1.0% a matsayin [[Afrikaans|'yan Afirka]] . KwaZulu-Natal ita ce kawai lardin da masu yaren Zulu na asali suka fi yawa a cikin al'ummar ƙasar. Lardin kuma yana da kashi na biyu mafi girma na masu magana da Turanci a larduna tara na Afirka ta Kudu (bayan Western Cape ). <ref name="2022 census3" /> === Addini === A bisa kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar 2022, kashi 74.9% na al'ummar kasar sun bayyana kansu a matsayin [[Kiristanci|Kiristoci]], wanda shi ne mafi karancin kaso a cikin larduna tara na Afirka ta Kudu. Manyan tsirarun al'umma suna bin [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|addinan gargajiya na Afirka]], Hindu, da [[Musulunci]] . <ref name="2022 census" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="2" |Ƙungiyar Addini (2022) |- | [[Kiristanci]] | Kashi 74.9% |- | [[Addinai na gargajiya na Afirka|Nahiyar Afirka ta Gargajiya]] | 13.6% |- | Hindu | 4.2% |- | [[Musulunci]] | 1.9% |- | [[Buddha|addinin Buddha]] | 0.1% |- | [[Mulhidanci|Rashin Atheism]] | 0.1% |- | Ra'ayin rashin fahimta | 0.1% |- | Babu alaƙa da addini | 3.4% |- | Wani | 1.8% |} == Tattalin Arziki == [[File:Sugar_Cane_in_Midlands_South.jpg|thumb| Rake a Kudancin Midlands]] KwaZulu-Natal ita ce ta biyu mafi girman tattalin arziki a yankin bayan Gauteng . [[Durban]] yanki ne na birane da ke bunƙasa cikin sauri kuma ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa mafi yawan jama'a a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2015 |title=Durban, Africa's Eastern Gem - 5 Star Durban - Showcasing Beautiful KwaZulu-Natal |url=http://www.5stardurban.co.za/durban-africas-eastern-gem/ |website=5stardurban.co.za |access-date=6 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701025731/http://www.5stardurban.co.za/durban-africas-eastern-gem/ |archive-date=1 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kyakkyawan hanyar sadarwa ta layin dogo tana haɗa birnin da sauran yankuna na Kudancin Afirka. Tace suga shine babban masana'antar Durban. Ana kiwon tumaki, shanu, kiwo, 'ya'yan itatuwa citrus, [[masara]], [[Sorghum|dawa]], auduga, ayaba, da abarba . Akwai masana'antar giya ta KwaZulu-Natal mai tasowa. Sauran masana'antu, waɗanda galibi suke a cikin Durban da kewaye, sun haɗa da yadi, tufafi, [[Abubuwan sunadarai|sinadarai]], roba, [[taki]], takarda, masana'antar haɗa motoci da sarrafa abinci, masana'antar fanke, da matatun [[Danyen mai|mai]] . A arewa, Newcastle ita ce babbar cibiyar masana'antu a lardin, inda Mittal Steel ta Kudu (wanda a da ita ISPAT/ISCOR ce) da kuma masana'antar roba ta roba ta Karbochem ke mamaye tattalin arziki. A shekara ta 2002, Newcastle ta zama babbar mai samar da sinadarai masu gina jiki na chrome a Afirka bayan kammala wani kamfanin kera sinadarai masu gina jiki na chrome, wani aikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Karbochem da babban kamfanin kera kayayyaki na Jamus Bayer. Sauran manyan ayyuka sun haɗa da aikin yanke lu'u-lu'u, matsalolin injiniya daban-daban, masana'antar siminti ta Natal Portland Cement (NPC), da kuma Kamfanin Newcastle Cogeneration Plant (tsohuwar Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Ingagane). An sake ƙaddamar da wannan tashar wutar lantarki ta farko da ake amfani da iskar gas a Afirka ta Independent Power Southern Africa (IPSA), kuma tana samar wa masana'antar Karbochem wutar lantarki. Masana'antar masaku babbar ma'aikata ce a yankin Newcastle, inda take da masana'antu sama da 100 mallakar 'yan asalin Taiwan da China masu masana'antu. Manoma masara, dabbobi da kiwo suna aiki a gefen birnin. Ana haƙar kwal a yankin Newcastle. Haƙar ma'adinai masu nauyi a ƙasashen waje, ciki har da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki, a wurare da dama, kamar rutile, ilmenite da zircon, na barazana ga yanayin halittun ruwa na gabar tekun KwaZulu-Natal, ciki har da Tugela Banks. Tattalin arzikin kamun kifi na jatan lande da masu jinya suma suna fuskantar barazana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African Coastal Information Centre: ''The Zululand coastal region...''. www.sacoast.ioisa.org.za |url=http://sacoast.ioisa.org.za/education/sacoast/regional/zululand.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224705/http://sacoast.ioisa.org.za/education/sacoast/regional/zululand.asp |archive-date=8 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa na muhalli yana ƙara zama muhimmi ga tattalin arzikin KwaZulu-Natal. An fahimci dimbin bambancin halittu da kuma kokarin kiyaye muhallin yankin. Masu yawon bude ido sun zo don ganin wurin shakatawa na iSimangaliso Wetland da kuma wurin shakatawa na uKhahlamba Drakensberg, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin wuraren tarihi na duniya na UNESCO . Waɗannan manyan wuraren shakatawa guda biyu da na Ndumo suna da wuraren dausayi masu mahimmanci na ƙasashen duniya da aka jera a matsayin wuraren Ramsar don kiyayewa. == Al'ummar farar hula == Manyan ƙungiyoyin fararen hula da ke lardin KwaZulu-Natal sun haɗa da: ƙungiyar [[Abahlali base Mjondolo|Abahlali baseMjondolo]] (shackdwellers'), Majalisar Coci-coci ta Diakonia, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shoba |first=Sibongakonke |date=7 January 2009 |title=South Africa: Churches Ask Parties to Preach Tolerance |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901070039.html |via=AllAfrica}}</ref> kamfen ɗin [[Dama2Know|Right2Know]], da kuma Ƙungiyar Jama'a marasa Aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=No mercy, no grants, says Mkhize |url=http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=25560 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731125709/http://www.witness.co.za/index.php?showcontent&global%5B_id%5D=25560 |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == [[File:Starr_010820-0009_Carissa_macrocarpa.jpg|right|thumb| Plum na Natal]] Akwai wurare daban-daban na namun daji da aka samu a lardin; wani abin lura misali shine Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park, inda aka ceci farin karkanda na kudu daga halaka. A cikin waɗannan manyan wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, ana iya samun manyan dabbobi, tun daga nau'ikan barewa da yawa zuwa giwa, bauna na Cape da kuma dorinar ruwa . Kare-karen dabbobi sun haɗa da zakoki, damisa, da kuma karnukan daji na Cape . Kifin rawaya mai launin toka ( ''Labeobarbus natalensis'' ) kifi ne da ake samu a cikin tsarin [[Kogin Tugela]] da kuma a cikin [[Kogin Umzimkulu|Umzimkulu]], [[Kogin Umfolozi|Umfolozi]] da [[Kogin Umgeni|Mgeni]] . Nau'i ne da aka fi sani da shi a lardin KwaZulu-Natal kuma yana zaune a wurare daban-daban tsakanin tsaunukan [[Drakensberg]] da ƙananan yankunan bakin teku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007 |url=http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2017 |access-date=29 March 2012 |website=wrc.org.za}}</ref> ''Carissa macrocarpa'' (Natal plum) wani tsiro ne da aka fi sani da shi a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ake kiransa da "large num-num". A cikin harshen Zulu ko isiZulu, da kuma a cikin kabilun Bantu na Uganda, ana kiranta da ''Amathungulu ko umThungulu oBomvu'' . A cikin Afrikaans, ana kiran 'ya'yan itace ''noem-noem'' . == Ilimi == === Jami'o'i === [[Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal]] (UKZN) tana da cibiyoyin karatu guda biyar a lardin. <ref name="ukzn-campuses">{{Cite web |title=Choice of campuses |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/campusChoice.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222050039/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/aboutus/campusChoice.asp |archive-date=22 December 2007 |access-date=18 November 2007 |publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal}}</ref> An kafa ta ne a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2004 bayan hadewar [[Jami'ar Natal]] da Jami'ar Durban-Westville . <ref name="ukzn-history">{{Cite web |date=<!--unreliable "Last updated" dates on pages.--> |title=History of the University of KwaZulu-Natal |url=http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820070130/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/About-UKZN/UKZN-History.aspx |archive-date=20 August 2011 |access-date=28 August 2011 |publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal}}</ref> Sauran jami'o'in sune: * [[Jami'ar Zululand]] * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]] * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Mangosuthu]] * [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] === Kwalejoji masu zaman kansu === * Kwalejin Damelin * [[Kungiyar Ilimi ta CTI|Eduvos]] * [[MANCOSA]] * [[Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Regent]] * [[Kwalejin Varsity (Afirka ta Kudu)|Kwalejin Varsity]] == Wasanni == === Manyan abubuwan wasanni === [[File:Comrades_Marathon_2023_Starting_Line.jpg|thumb| Masu tsere sun yi layi a Pietermaritzburg a farkon tseren Marathon na 2023 na Comrades]] * Marathon na 'yan Comrades, wanda ake yi kowace shekara tsakanin Pietermaritzburg da Durban. * Midmar Mile, tseren ninkaya mai tsawon mil wanda ake yi kowace shekara a [[Dam ɗin Midmar|Midmar Dam]] . * Marathon na Dusi Canoe, wani tseren kwale-kwale na shekara-shekara wanda zai fara a Pietermaritzburg kuma ya ƙare a Durban. * Durban Yuli, babban taron tseren dawaki na shekara-shekara na Afirka ta Kudu a Greyville Racecourse, Durban. === Manyan ƙungiyoyin wasanni === ; [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Ƙwallon ƙafa]] : Tun daga watan Yulin 2025, ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa suna wasa a gasar [[Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Firimiya|Premier League]] ta Premier da kuma ta National First Division : :: AmaZulu, [[Maritzburg United FC|Durban City]], [[Lamontville Golden Arrows F.C.|Golden Arrows]], Milford (Durban) :: Midlands Wanderers (Pietermaritzburg) :: Tafkin Richards (Tafkin Richards) ; Ƙungiyar ƙwallon rugby : Gasar Rugby ta United :: Sharks : Kofin Currie :: Sharks ; Kureket :: Dolphins suna wasa a gasar CSA ta kwanaki 4 (wanda ya gaji ƙungiyar wasan kurket ta KwaZulu-Natal ) :: Tuskers ; Kwando : KwaZulu Marlins == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.kznonline.gov.za/}} * [http://www.zulu.org.za/ Kwazulu-Natal Tourism Authority] <templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|29|S|31|E|region:ZA_type:adm1st_dim:550km}}{{KwaZulu-Natal Province}}{{Municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal}}{{Provinces of South Africa}}{{Somali Plate}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4w77wta4cgrjk00dm9uteispaqsolp2 0 178458 966823 964220 2026-10-12T13:41:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966823 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} An tsara '''Jirgin sama mai ɓoye''' don kauce wa ganowa ta amfani da fasahohi iri-iri waɗanda ke rage haskakawa / fitarwa na [[Radar]], infrared, haske mai ganuwa, mita rediyo (RF), da sauti, gaba ɗaya da aka sani da fasahar ɓoye. F-117 Nighthawk shine jirgin sama na farko da aka tsara a bayyane game da fasahar ɓoye. Sauran misalai na jirgin sama mai ɓoye sun haɗa da B-2 Spirit, F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning II, Chengdu J-20, <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=F-22 Raptor |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104506/f-22-raptor/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=U.S. Air Force (af.mil)}}</ref> Shenyang J-35, da Sukhoi Su-57.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=F-35A Lightning II |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/478441/f-35a-lightning-ii/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=U.S. Air Force (af.mil)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=F-35B Lightning II |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/aircraft/lightning-f35b/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=Royal Air Force}}</ref> Duk da yake babu jirgin sama da ba a ganuwa ga radar ba, jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa yana sa ya fi wuya ga radar na al'ada da Makamai masu jagorantar radar don ganowa ko bin diddigin jirgin yadda ya kamata. Stealth haɗuwa ce ta siffofi masu '''ƙarancin lura''' (LO) da masu aiki. Abubuwan LO sun haɗa da siffar ƙirar ƙirar jirgin sama, sau da yawa ta amfani da fuka-fuki na lambda ko fuka-fuka na trapezoidal, da kayan da ke shawo kan radiation. Masu ba da izini masu aiki sun ƙunshi ƙananan yiwuwar radar, rediyo da masu tsara laser. Wadannan galibi ana haɗa su tare da matakan aiki don rage ɓangaren radar na jirgin sama (RCS), tunda motsa jiki na yau da kullun ko buɗe ƙofofin tashar bam na iya fiye da ninki biyu na dawowar radar na jirgin ƙasa. Jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa wani lokacin ana haɗa shi da rage zafi, sauti, da sauran hayaki. Matakan da za a iya amfani da su don ɓoyewa sun haɗa da bincike na infrared da tsarin bin diddigin don gano ko da rage hayakin zafi, radars masu tsawo, waɗanda ke magance siffar ɓoyewa da kayan da aka mayar da hankali ga gajeren radar, ko saitin radar tare da masu fitarwa da yawa don magance siffar shinge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogoway |first=Tyler |date=26 March 2015 |title=Infrared Search And Track Systems And The Future Of The US Fighter Force |url=https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/infrared-search-and-track-systems-and-the-future-of-the-1691441747 |access-date=7 March 2019 |website=Foxtrot Alpha |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Axe |first=David |date=12 July 2016 |title=Did Russia's New Radar Just Make America's Lethal Stealth Fighters Obsolete? |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/did-russias-new-radar-just-make-americas-lethal-stealth-16936 |access-date=7 March 2019 |website=The National Interest}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yue |first=Tao |date=30 November 2001 |title=Scouting For Surveillance: Detection of the B-2 Stealth Bomber And a Brief History on 'Stealth' |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V121/N63/Stealth.63f.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610041304/http://tech.mit.edu/V121/N63/Stealth.63f.html |archive-date=10 June 2009 |access-date=7 March 2019 |website=The Tech}}</ref> Amurka (a cikin 1977), Rasha (a cikin 2000) da China (a cikin 2011) sun tashi da masu zanga-zangar yaki na cikakken girman. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2025, jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa kawai da ke aiki shine Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (1997), Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor (2005), Lockheed Martin C-35 Lightning II (2015), <ref name="LM5">{{Cite web |title=5th Generation Fighters |url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/capabilities/air_power/5th-gen/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109091019/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/capabilities/air_power/5th-gen/ |archive-date=9 January 2010 |access-date=15 April 2009 |publisher=Lockheed Martin}}</ref> Chengdu J-20 (2017), Sukhoi Su-57 (2020), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Первый серийный истребитель Су-57 поступил в авиаполк Южного военного округа |url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/10352497}}</ref> da Shenyang J-35 (2025) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2025-07-19 |title=China’s J-35 Naval Stealth Fighter Looks Set For Service |url=https://www.twz.com/air/chinas-j-35-naval-stealth-fighter-looks-set-for-service |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=The War Zone |language=en-US}}</ref> wasu ƙasashe da ke haɓaka nasu ƙirar. Jirgin sama na ci gaba ya haɗa da mayakan kamar Amurka F-47 da China J-36, da kuma bama-bamai masu mahimmanci, China's H-20 da Rasha's PAK DA. Har ila yau, akwai jiragen sama daban-daban tare da rage ganewa, ko dai ba da gangan ba ko kuma a matsayin fasalin na biyu. Jirgin sama na Stealth ya fara ganin yaƙi lokacin da aka yi amfani da F-117 a mamayewar Amurka ta 1989 a Panama. Tun daga wannan lokacin Amurka, Burtaniya, da jirgin sama na Isra'ila sun ga yaƙi, da farko a Gabas ta Tsakiya, yayin da Rasha Su-57 ta ga yaƙi a mamayar Rasha a Ukraine. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2026, a lokacin yakin Iran na shekara ta 2036, wani mayaƙan ɓoye ya fara harbe wani mayaƙanin da ke cikin yaƙi, lokacin da wani F-35I na Isra'ila "Adir" ya saukar da jirgin yaki na Iran Yak-130 a kan Tehran.Ya zuwa shekara ta 2026, an tabbatar da harbi daya na jirgin sama mai ɓoye, a lokacin fashewar bam na NATO na Yugoslavia a 1999, na jirgin saman USAF F-117 da wani brigade mai linzami na Isayev S-125 'Neva-M' na Serbia wanda Colonel Zoltán Dani ya umarce shi, yayin da wani lamari na biyu ya lalata F-117. Rasha da ake zargin kasar Sin sun yi nazarin lalacewar da ba ta lalace ba. == Ka'idodin ƙira == [[File:Rah-66_c._2000.jpg|thumb|Motoci kamar wannan RAH-66 sun kasance da ƙalubale don tsara damar ɓoyewa don jirage masu saukar ungulu.]] Baya ga duk bukatun da aka saba buƙata na jirgin sama, ƙirar jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa ko ƙaramin lura yana da niyyar rage radar da infrared (thermal) ganowa, gami da: * Rage fitarwa mai zafi daga injin da kuma fitar da shi * Rage hasken radar zuwa mai karɓar abokin gaba ta hanyar tsara jirgin sama * Rage hasken radar daga jirgin sama ta hanyar amfani da kayan radar-absorbent (RAM) ko kayan radar-transparent kamar filastik. * Rage ganowar radar daga wuraren da aka fallasa na ciki kamar ɗakin jirgi, tashar makamai da bututun shigar injiniya. Tsakanin da za'a iya gano manufa don tsarin radar da aka ba ya bambanta da tushen na huɗu na ɓangaren radar (RCS). Sabili da haka, don yanke nisan ganowa zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin goma, ya kamata a rage RCS da kashi 10,000. Girma, siffar, abun da ke cikin kayan, mitar radar, polarization, da kuma jagorancin lura duk suna da alaƙa da adadin makamashi da aka nuna ta hanyar manufa lokacin da radar ya haskaka shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacted |first=Office of Scientific and Weapons Research |date=February 1984 |title=Soviet Work on Radar Cross Section Reduction Applicable to a Future Stealth Program |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000498135.pdf |website=CIA Reading Room}}</ref> Rotorcraft ya gabatar da wani ƙalubale na ƙira, saboda ba kawai fuka-fukan fuka-fuka da haɗin gwiwa ba, har ma da dangantakar da ke canzawa koyaushe na waɗannan zuwa manyan saman jirgin sama. Boeing-Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche na ɗaya daga cikin yunkurin farko a cikin jirgi mai saukar ungulu. == Ƙuntatawa == [[File:Northrop_B-2A_Spirit_(cropped).jpg|thumb|B-2 Ruhun Bashi na [[United States Air Force|Sojojin Sama na Amurka]]]] === Rashin daidaituwa na zane === An tsara jirgin sama na farko tare da mai da hankali kan ƙananan RCS maimakon aikin iska. Jirgin sama mai ɓoye kamar F-117 Nighthawk ba su da ƙarfi a cikin dukkan matakai uku kuma suna buƙatar gyare-gyaren jirgin sama na yau da kullun daga tsarin jirgin sama mai tashi-da-wire (FBW) don kula da jirgin sarrafawa. Amma ga B-2 Spirit, wanda ya dogara ne akan ci gaban jirgin sama mai tashi ta Jack Northrop a cikin 1940, wannan ƙirar ta ba da damar jirgin sama mai ɗorewa tare da isasshen ikon yaw, koda ba tare da saman tsaye ba kamar rudders. === Ƙuntatawa na iska === Jiragen sama na baya (kamar F-117 da B-2) ba su da na'urorin kashe gobara, saboda hayakin zafi zai ƙara sawun infrared ɗinsu, kuma tashi da sauri fiye da saurin sauti zai haifar da ƙarar sauti, da kuma dumama saman fatar jirgin, wanda kuma zai ƙara sawun infrared . Sakamakon haka, ƙwarewarsu a fagen yaƙin sama da ake buƙata a yaƙin kare ba zai taɓa yin daidai da na jirgin yaƙi na musamman ba. Wannan ba shi da mahimmanci a yanayin waɗannan jiragen biyu domin an tsara su ne don su zama masu jefa bama-bamai. Sabbin dabarun ƙira suna ba da damar yin ƙira masu ɓoye kamar F-22 ba tare da yin illa ga aikin iska ba. Sabbin jiragen sama masu ɓoye, kamar F-22, F-35 da Su-57, suna da halaye na aiki waɗanda suka dace ko suka wuce na jiragen yaƙi na gaba saboda ci gaba a wasu fasahohi kamar tsarin sarrafa jiragen sama, injuna, ginin firam ɗin jirgin sama da kayan aiki. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":5" /> === Fitar da wutar lantarki === Ana da'awar cewa yawan na'urorin kwamfuta da kuma yawan kayan lantarki da ake samu a cikin jiragen sama masu ɓoye suna sa su zama masu sauƙin gano su ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Wannan abu ne mai matuƙar wuya kuma tabbas tsarin kamar Tamara da Kolchuga, waɗanda galibi ake siffanta su da na'urorin radar da ke hana ɓoye sirri, ba a tsara su don gano filayen lantarki masu ɓata irin wannan ba. An tsara irin waɗannan tsarin ne don gano hayakin da aka yi niyya da shi, kamar na'urar radar da siginar sadarwa. Ana amfani da jiragen sama na ɓoye da gangan don gujewa ko rage irin wannan hayaki. Masu karɓar gargaɗin Radar suna neman ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun daga na'urorin radar da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar injiniya yayin da jiragen sama na ƙarni na biyar ke amfani da Ƙananan Yiwuwar Radars na Katsewa ba tare da tsarin maimaitawa akai-akai ba. === Yanayin tashi mai rauni === Jiragen sama masu ɓoye har yanzu suna cikin haɗarin gano su yayin da kuma bayan sun yi amfani da makamansu. Tunda ba a samun kayan aiki na ɓoye (rage bama-bamai na RCS da makamai masu linzami na cruise ) gabaɗaya ba, kuma wuraren da ake ɗora makamai suna haifar da babban dawowar radar, jiragen sama marasa matuƙi galibi suna ɗauke da duk makamai a ciki. Idan aka buɗe ƙofofin jirgin, ana iya ƙara yawan RCS na jirgin, wanda hakan zai rage halayen ɓoyewa da kuma sanya shi cikin haɗari ga gano shi. Duk da cewa jirgin zai sake samun damar ɓoyewa da zarar an rufe ƙofofin jirgin, tsarin kariya mai sauri yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci don yaƙar jirgin. Ana magance wannan rauni ta hanyar aiki ta hanyar da za ta rage haɗari da sakamakon samun ɗan lokaci. Rashin iya gani na B-2 yana sa tsarin kariya ya yi wa tsarin ganowa, bin diddiginsa, da kuma shiga cikin lamarin wahala. <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Cool Secrets of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber |url=https://spyscape.com/article/secrets-of-the-b-2-spy-plane-from-covert-ops-to-hollywood-celebrity |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=spyscape.com |language=en}}</ref> Wasu makamai  yana buƙatar tsarin jagorancin makamin ya sami abin da ake so yayin da makamin har yanzu yana haɗe da jirgin. Wannan yana tilasta ayyukan da suka daɗe tare da buɗe ƙofofin shiga. Jiragen sama kamar F-22 Raptor da F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter suma suna iya ɗaukar ƙarin makamai da mai a wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin fikafikansu. Lokacin da jiragen ke aiki a wannan yanayin ba za su yi kama da na ɓoye ba, kamar yadda wuraren taurin kai da makaman da aka ɗora a kan waɗannan wuraren taurin za su bayyana a tsarin radar. Saboda haka, wannan zaɓin yana wakiltar ciniki tsakanin ɓoye ko kewayon da kuma nauyin da ake biya. Shagunan waje suna ba wa waɗannan jiragen sama damar kai hari kan wasu wurare masu nisa, amma ba za su ba da damar ɓoyewa a lokacin wannan aikin ba idan aka kwatanta da wani aiki mai sauri da ke tashi a kan mai na ciki kawai kuma yana amfani da ƙaramin sarari na wuraren makami na ciki don makamai. === Rage nauyin aiki === [[File:B-2_spirit_bombing.jpg|thumb| A wani atisayen harbi kai tsaye na shekarar 1994 kusa da Point Mugu, California, wani jirgin saman Amurka mai suna B-2 Spirit ya jefa {{Cvt|500|lb}} a cikin wani atisaye mai tsawon sa'o'i arba'in da bakwai. bama-bamai na aji Mark 82, wanda ke wakiltar kusan rabin jimillar nauyin makamai na B-2 a cikin tsarin Block 30.]] Jiragen sama marasa matuki suna ɗauke da dukkan mai da makamai a cikin jirgin, wanda hakan ke iyakance nauyin da ake ɗauka. Idan aka kwatanta, jirgin F-117 yana ɗauke da bama-bamai guda biyu kacal da ke amfani da laser ko GPS, yayin da jirgin sama mara ɓoyewa zai iya ɗaukar fiye da sau da yawa. Wannan yana buƙatar tura ƙarin jiragen sama don kai hari ga wuraren da galibi za su buƙaci jiragen sama guda ɗaya waɗanda ba sa ɓoye sirri. Duk da haka, wannan rashin dacewar da ake gani, an rage ta ne ta hanyar raguwar ƙarancin jiragen sama masu tallafi waɗanda ake buƙata don samar da murfin iska, hana iska da matakan kariya ta lantarki, wanda hakan ya sa jiragen sama masu ɓoye " masu ninka ƙarfi ". === Fata mai laushi === Jiragen sama na ɓoye galibi suna da fatar da aka yi da kayan da ke shaƙar radiation (RAM). Wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin baƙaƙen carbon, yayin da wasu kuma suna ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙarfe . Akwai kayan aiki da yawa da ake amfani da su a cikin RAM, amma gabaɗaya an rarraba takamaiman abubuwan da suka shafi abun da ke cikin kayan. === Kudin ayyuka === Jiragen sama marasa matuki galibi suna da tsada wajen kerawa da ƙera su. Misali, B-2 Spirit ya fi tsada fiye da jiragen sama na yau da kullun wajen kera da kuma tallafawa. Shirin B-2 ya kashe kusan dala biliyan 45 ga rundunar sojin saman Amurka. == Matakan hana kai hari == === Raƙuman ruwa masu nuni === Radar mai wucewa (multistatic), radar mai wucewa da kuma musamman tsarin radar mai wucewa (multistatic ) suna gano wasu jiragen sama masu ɓoye fiye da radar mai wucewa ta al'ada, tunda fasahar ɓoye ta ƙarni na farko (kamar F-117) tana nuna kuzari daga layin gani na mai watsawa, wanda hakan ke ƙara RCS ta wasu hanyoyi, wanda radar mai wucewa ke sa ido a kai. Irin wannan tsarin yawanci yana amfani da ko dai siginar rediyo mai ƙarancin mita da rediyon FM (wanda mitar sarrafa sa hannun jirgin ke da wahala). Masu bincike a Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign tare da goyon bayan DARPA, sun nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a gina hoton radar mai amfani da na'urar hangen nesa ta hanyar amfani da radar mai aiki da yawa, mai yiwuwa cikakken bayani don ba da damar gane manufa ta atomatik . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifp.uiuc.edu/%7Esmherman/darpa/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227053319/http://www.ifp.uiuc.edu/~smherman/darpa/ |archive-date=2009-02-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2007, masu binciken SAAB sun bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin da ake kira Associative Aperture Synthesis Radar (ASR) wanda zai yi amfani da tarin na'urori masu watsawa da masu karɓa masu araha da yawa waɗanda za su iya gano abubuwan da ake hari lokacin da suka ratsa kai tsaye tsakanin masu karɓar/masu watsawa kuma suka haifar da inuwa. An tsara tsarin ne da farko don gano makamai masu linzami masu ɓoye kuma yakamata ya yi tasiri ga jiragen sama masu ɓoyewa masu tashi ƙasa. Cewa jerin kayan aikin na iya ƙunsar adadi mai yawa na kayan aiki masu araha na iya bayar da wasu "kariya" daga hare-haren makamai masu linzami masu tsada na hana radiation (ARMs). === Infrared (zafi) === Wasu masu sharhi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ana iya amfani da tsarin bincike da bin diddigin Infra-red (IRSTs) akan jiragen sama masu ɓoye, saboda duk wani saman jirgin sama yana zafi saboda gogayya ta iska kuma tare da IRST mai tashoshi biyu, CO ne (4.3) &nbsp;(μm absorption maxima) yana yiwuwa a gano shi, ta hanyar bambanci tsakanin ƙaramin tashar da babban tashar. Waɗannan masu sharhi suna nuni ga sake farfaɗowar irin waɗannan tsarin a cikin ƙirar Rasha a shekarun 1980, kamar waɗanda aka sanya wa MiG-29 da Su-27 . Sabuwar sigar MiG-29, MiG-35, an sanye ta da sabon Tsarin Nemo Na gani wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin fasahar IRST mai ci gaba. Sojojin Faransa Rafale, jiragen saman yaƙi na Burtaniya/Jamus/Italiya/Spanish da kuma Gripen na Sweden suma suna amfani da IRST sosai. A cikin yaƙin iska, kayan aikin optronic yana ba da damar: * Gano abubuwan da ba sa ƙonewa bayan an ƙone su a {{Convert|45|km}} kewayon da ƙari; * Gano waɗannan abubuwan da aka nufa a tsakanin {{Convert|8|to|10|km}} kewayon; da kuma * Kiyasin nisan da jiragen sama ke kaiwa hari zuwa {{Convert|15|km}} . Don manufofin ƙasa, ɗakin yana ba da damar: * Tankin ganowa mai inganci yana kaiwa {{Convert|15|km}}, da kuma gano jirgin sama mai ɗaukar kaya a {{Convert|60|to|80|km}} ; * Gano nau'in tankin da ke kan {{Convert|8|to|10|km}}, da kuma na jirgin sama mai nisan {{Convert|40|to|60|km}} ; kuma * Kiyasin nisan da za a kai ga cimma burin ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|20|km}} . === Radar mai tsayi mai tsayi === Tsarin radar VHF yana da tsawon tsayi daidai da girman fasalin jirgin sama kuma yakamata ya nuna warwatsewa a yankin resonance maimakon yankin gani, wanda hakan ke ba da damar gano yawancin jiragen sama marasa matuƙa. Wannan ya sa Cibiyar Bincike ta Injiniyan Rediyo ta Nizhny Novgorod (NNIIRT) ta ƙirƙiro na'urorin VHF AESA kamar NEBO SVU, waɗanda ke da ikon yin amfani da batura masu linzami daga sama zuwa sama don cimma burinsu . Duk da fa'idodin da radar VHF ke bayarwa, tsawon tsayin raƙumansu yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙuduri idan aka kwatanta da radar radar mai girman X. Sakamakon haka, dole ne waɗannan tsarin su kasance manya sosai kafin su sami ƙudurin radar haɗin gwiwa . Misalin radar VHF mai tushen ƙasa tare da ikon hana ɓoye sirri shine radar P-18 . Kamfanin ƙasar Holland Thales Nederland, wanda a da aka fi sani da Holland Signaal, ya ƙirƙiro wani radar mai tsari-mataki mai suna SMART-L, wanda ake sarrafawa a L Band kuma yana da ɓoye sirri. Duk jiragen ruwan rundunar sojojin ruwan Royal Dutch na De Zeven Provinciën suna ɗauke da na'urar radar ta SMART-L, da sauransu. === Radar OTH (radar sama da sararin samaniya) === Radar mai wucewa a sararin sama ra'ayi ne da ke ƙara tasirin radar akan radar ta al'ada. Cibiyar Radar ta JORN ta Australiya Jindalee za ta iya shawo kan wasu halaye na ɓoye. Ana da'awar cewa mitar HF da aka yi amfani da ita da kuma hanyar tsalle radar daga ionosphere ta shawo kan halayen ɓoye na F-117A. A wata ma'anar, jiragen sama marasa matuƙi an inganta su don kayar da radar mai yawan mita daga gaba maimakon radar mai ƙarancin mita daga sama. == Tarihi == === Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da Yaƙin Duniya na biyu === [[File:Linke-Hofmann_R.I_cellon_fuselage.jpg|right|thumb| Samfurin Linke-Hofmann RI, wani gwajin makami mai linzami na Jamus wanda aka rufe da kayan rufewa masu haske (1917-1918)]] A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], Jamusawa sun gwada amfani da ''Cellon'' ( cellulose acetate ), wani abu mai rufewa mai haske, a yunƙurin rage ganin jiragen sama na soja . An ''rufe'' misalai guda ɗaya na jirgin saman Fokker E.III ''Eindecker'' mai ɗaukar kaya, jirgin Albatros CI mai kujeru biyu, da kuma jirgin Linke-Hofmann RI mai ɗaukar kaya mai nauyi . Duk da haka, ya zama ba shi da amfani, har ma ya yi illa, domin hasken rana da ke haskakawa daga rufin jirgin ya ƙara bayyana a fili. An kuma gano cewa kayan sun lalace cikin sauri sakamakon canjin yanayin zafi a cikin jirgin sama da kuma canjin yanayin zafi a cikin jirgin, don haka ba a ci gaba da ƙoƙarin yin jirgin sama mai haske ba. A shekarar 1916, Turawan Birtaniya sun gyara wani ƙaramin jirgin ruwan <nowiki><i id="mwAZE">SS</i></nowiki> a matsayin jirgin sama don leƙen asiri na jiragen sama na dare a kan layin Jamus a Yammacin Yamma . An sanya masa injin da aka rufe da bakar jakar iskar gas, jirgin ba a iya gani kuma ba a jinsa daga ƙasa, amma jiragen sama da dama da aka yi da daddare a kan yankin da Jamus ke iko da shi sun haifar da ƙarancin basira mai amfani, kuma aka yi watsi da wannan ra'ayi. Kusan shekaru talatin bayan haka, an ƙera jirgin Horten Ho 229 mai tashi da fikafikai a Jamus a lokacin shekarun ƙarshe na [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . A shekarar 1983, mai tsara shi Reimar Horten ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana shirin ƙara gawayi a cikin mannewar fatar plywood na samfurin samarwa don ya sa radar ba ta iya ganinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2016 |title=Is It Stealthy? {{!}} National Air and Space Museum |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/research/projects/conserving-horten-ho-229-v3/stealthy |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=airandspace.si.edu}}</ref> An binciki wannan ikirarin, domin rashin saman tsaye na Ho 229, wani siffa ta dukkan jiragen sama masu tashi da iska, shi ma muhimmin siffa ce ta dukkan jiragen sama masu ɓoye. An yi gwaje-gwaje a shekarar 2008 ta kamfanin Northrop Grumman Corporation domin gano ko siffar jirgin za ta kauce wa gano ta hanyar amfani da na'urar HF mai ƙarfi, 20–30.&nbsp;Siginonin MHz na farko na radar gargaɗin farko na Chain Home na Burtaniya, idan jirgin yana tafiya da sauri mai yawa (kimanin {{Cvt|550|mph}} ) a ƙasa mai matuƙar tsayi— {{Convert|50|-|100|ft}} . Gwajin bai sami wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an yi amfani da gawayi ba, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa da ba shi da kyau idan aka yi amfani da shi, inda aka kammala da cewa Ho 229 ba shi da halayen ɓoyewa kuma ba a taɓa yin niyyar zama jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Study of the Bat Wing Ship (The Horten Ho 229 V3) {{!}} ResearchGate |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281441264 |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> === Asalin zamani === [[File:F-117_Nighthawk_Front.jpg|thumb| Jirgin F-117 Nighthawk, jirgin farko da aka ƙera musamman bisa fasahar ɓoye. Ya yi amfani da fuskoki don karkatar da radar.]] Jiragen sama na zamani masu ɓoye sun fara samuwa ne lokacin da Denys Overholser, wani masanin lissafi da ke aiki da Lockheed Aircraft a shekarun 1970, ya ɗauki samfurin lissafi wanda Petr Ufimtsev, wani masanin kimiyyar Soviet, ya ƙirƙira don ƙirƙirar wani shirin kwamfuta mai suna Echo 1. Echo ya ba da damar yin hasashen sa hannun radar na jirgin sama da aka yi da faifan lebur, wanda ake kira facets. A shekarar 1975, injiniyoyi a Lockheed Skunk Works sun gano cewa jirgin sama da aka yi da saman da aka yi da fuskoki masu fuska zai iya samun ƙarancin alamar radar saboda saman zai haskaka kusan dukkan kuzarin radar daga mai karɓar. A ƙarƙashin kwangilar DARPA a shekarar 1977, Lockheed ya gina jirgin sama mai nuna alamun jirgin sama, Lockheed Have Blue, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Lu'u-lu'u marasa bege", wanda ke nuni ga sanannen Lu'u-lu'u na Hope da siffar ƙirar kuma ya annabta rashin kwanciyar hankali. Domin kuwa kwamfutoci na zamani suna nan don sarrafa tafiyar jirgin sama wanda aka ƙera don ɓoye amma ba shi da ƙarfi kamar Have Blue, a karon farko masu ƙira sun fahimci cewa yana yiwuwa a yi jirgin sama wanda kusan ba a iya ganinsa ga radar. Ba da daɗewa ba Lockheed ya ƙirƙiro Have Blue zuwa F-117. Rage girman sashin radar yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa biyar da masu zanen suka mayar da hankali a kai don ƙirƙirar ƙira mai ɓoye kamar F-22. An kuma tsara jirgin F-22 don ɓoye hayakin da ke cikinsa na infrared don ya sa a yi wahalar gano shi ta hanyar amfani da makami mai linzami daga sama zuwa sama ko daga sama zuwa sama. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Seitz |first=Isaac |date=2025-08-28 |title=What Makes the F-22 Raptor So Hard to Detect? |url=https://nationalsecurityjournal.org/what-makes-the-f-22-raptor-so-hard-to-detect/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=National Security Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Jirgin F-22 ya mayar da hankali kan fifikon iska, tare da supercruise, babban rabon turawa-zuwa-nauyi, haɗaɗɗen jiragen sama da ƙwarewar ɓoyewa. <ref name=":4" /> === Ayyukan zamani === An fara amfani da jiragen sama marasa ma'ana wajen yaƙi a watan Janairun 1968, wato Operation "Prize Crew". Makamai masu linzami guda biyu na Lockheed da Kamfanin Sararin Samaniya QT-2 (Quiet Thrusters) sun yi aiki a kusa da shiru a kan Kudancin Vietnam a ƙananan tsaunuka da daddare ba tare da kunna fitilu ba. Ta amfani da na'urorin hangen nesa na dare, za su iya gano, lura, gano abokan gaba, da kuma bayar da rahoto ko kiran makaman hari don halaka abokan gaba. An biyo bayan QT-2PC sannan kuma an yi amfani da "Star mai shiru" na rundunar sojojin Lockheed YO-3A . An tura jiragen sama tara daga cikin jiragen sama goma sha ɗaya zuwa Vietnam a watan Yunin 1970. Suna aiki a hankali da daddare, ba tare da fitilun da ke aiki ba, kuma an sanye su da na'urar hangen nesa ta zamani ta Night Vision Aerial Periscope, na'urar tsara manufa ta Laser, da kuma na'urar haskaka infrared ta Tracking. A cikin watanni 14 na aiki a tsayin ƙafa 800–1,500, babu wani YO-3A da ya taɓa yin zagaye. Sun yi nasarar dakatar da motsin VC a daren Delta. YO-3As sun shiga cikin ganowa da kuma kiran makaman yaƙi don lalata babbar jirgin ruwan jigilar kaya na Rasha  shiga ruwan Kudancin Vietnam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Army-Lockheed YO-3A |url=https://www.yo-3a.com/ |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=My Site 1}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Disamba 1989, a lokacin Operation Just Cause a [[Panama (ƙasa)|Panama]], [[United States Air Force|jiragen saman Amurka]] guda biyu kirar F-117 sun kai hari kan wani sansanin sojojin tsaron Panama da ke Rio Hato, Panama. A shekarar 1991, an bai wa jiragen F-117 aikin kai hari kan wuraren da suka fi ƙarfi a [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] a farkon matakin Operation Desert Storm kuma su ne jiragen yaƙi na haɗin gwiwa da aka ba su izinin aiki a cikin iyakokin birnin Baghdad da kuma sararin samaniyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nighthawks over Iraq: A Chronology of the F-117A Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB443/docs/area51_17.PDF |access-date=7 August 2024 |publisher=George Washington University}}</ref> Jirgin F-117 duk da cewa yana da isasshen ɓoyewa, yana da ƙarancin alamar gani. Duk da haka, idan aka yi amfani da F-117 a gani, kamar dukkan jiragen sama, za a iya kama shi ta hanyar amfani da iska daga sama. An shawo kan wannan cikin sauƙi ta hanyar tashi da daddare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gulf War Air Power Survey- Volume IV |url=https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820100750/https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Defense |pages=244–245, 247}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed_Martin_F-22A_Raptor_JSOH.jpg|thumb| Jirgin F-22 Raptor, wani jirgin saman Amurka ne na ƙarni na biyar wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen yaƙi da sararin samaniya mai ɓoye.]] Amurka, Birtaniya, Isra'ila, da Rasha su ne kawai ƙasashen da suka yi amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa a yaƙi. Waɗannan tura sojoji sun haɗa da mamayar Amurka a Panama, Yaƙin Tekun Fasha na farko, rikicin Kosovo, yaƙin Afghanistan, yaƙin Iraki da kuma tsoma hannun soja a Libya a shekarar 2011 . Amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuki na farko shine harin da Amurka ta kai wa Panama, inda aka yi amfani da jiragen F-117 Nighthawk masu kai hari na ɓoye don jefa bama-bamai a filayen jiragen sama na abokan gaba da wurare yayin da ake guje wa radar abokan gaba. An yi amfani da jirgin F-117 Nighthawk a yakin Gulf a shekarar 1990, inda jiragen F-117 guda 42 suka yi amfani da jiragen sama masu sarrafa kansu guda 1,299 kuma suka yi amfani da bama-bamai masu sarrafa kansu da laser wajen harba su sau 1,664, yayin da ba su ji rauni a fagen daga ba, yayin da suka kai hari kan wurare 1,600 masu daraja a Iraki. Jiragen F-117 sun kai hare-hare kimanin 168 kan wuraren da Scud ke hari <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Gulf War - Air Power Survey, Volume IV - Weapons, Tactics, and Training |url=https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820100750/https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/27/2001329817/-1/-1/0/AFD-100927-066.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=U.S. Department of Defense (.gov) |pages=39–41, 361}}</ref> yayin da suka tara awanni 6,905 na tashi. Kashi 2.5% ne kawai na jiragen saman Amurka da ke Iraki jiragen F-117 ne, duk da haka sun kai hari kashi 40% na manyan makaman da aka harba, inda suka jefa tan 2,000 na manyan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu sannan suka kai hari kan wuraren da suka kai hari da kashi 80% na nasarar da aka samu. Duk da haka, F-117 har yanzu tana da kurakurai; dole ne ta sake cika mai kuma ba ta da kariya a harin abokan gaba. Dole ne a sake cika dukkan jiragen F-117. <ref name=":2" /> A harin bam ɗin NATO a Yugoslavia na shekarar 1999, Amurka ta yi amfani da jiragen sama guda biyu masu ɓoye: tsohon jirgin F-117 Nighthawk, da kuma sabon jirgin B-2 Spirit mai ɓoye. Jirgin F-117 ya yi rawar da ya saba takawa wajen kai hari ga wurare masu inganci kuma ya yi aiki mai kyau, duk da cewa wani makami mai linzami na 'Neva-M' na ƙasar Serbia Isayev S-125 wanda Kanar Zoltán Dani ke jagoranta ya harbo wani jirgin F-117. An ruwaito cewa an kai hari kan wani jirgin F-117 na biyu kuma wataƙila an kai shi a lokacin rundunar Operation Alliance Force, inda aka yi zargin cewa lamarin ya faru a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1999. <ref name="thedrive20202">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2020 |title=Yes, Serbian Air Defenses Did Hit Another F-117 During Operation Allied Force In 1999 |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/37894/yes-serbian-air-defenses-did-hit-another-f-117-during-operation-allied-force-in-1999 |website=The Drive}}</ref> An ce jirgin ya dawo cikin mawuyacin hali zuwa sansanin sojin sama na Spangdahlem, <ref name="thedrive20202" /> amma rahotanni sun ce bai sake tashi ba. Duk da wannan lamari, Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka ta ci gaba da amfani da jiragen F-117 a tsawon lokacin yakin. Daga baya wani matukin jirgin F-117A ya tabbatar da lamarin a shekarar 2020; duk da haka, lamarin ya kasance cikin sirri, kuma an bayyana wasu bayanai kaɗan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=DRAGANOVA MIRNA RUKA DOKRAJČILA I DRUGOG "NEVIDLjIVOG": Pripadnici Trećeg diviziona 250. brigade PVO o podvigu tokom NATO bombardovanja |url=https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/drustvo/942347/draganova-mirna-ruka-dokrajcila-drugog-nevidljivog-pripadnici-treceg-diviziona-250-brigade-pvo-podvigu-tokom-nato-bombardovanja |access-date=2020-12-06 |website=NOVOSTI |language=sr}}</ref> Jami'an Rasha sun tabbatar da cewa sun duba tarkacen jirgin, wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban jirgin yakin Sukhoi Su-57 da kuma wanda ke ci gaba da harba bam na Tupolev PAK DA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Case Of The Missing F-117 Parts (2001) {{!}} Aviation Week Network |url=https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/case-missing-f-117-parts-2001 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=aviationweek.com}}</ref> An yi zargin cewa China ta sayi sassan tarkace, wanda hakan ya ba da gudummawa ga jirgin saman Chengdu J-20 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Birney |first=Alice |date=2011-01-23 |title=China's New Stealth Fighter May Use U.S. Technology |url=https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2011/01/chinas-new-stealth-fighter-may-use-u-s-technology/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=China Digital Times (CDT) |language=en-US}}</ref> Sabuwar B-2 Spirit da aka yi a wancan lokacin ta yi nasara sosai, inda ta lalata kashi 33% na dukkan wuraren da aka kai hare-haren bam na Serbia a cikin makonni takwas na farko na shiga cikin yakin. A lokacin wannan yaƙin, jiragen yaƙin B-2 sun tashi ba tare da tsayawa ba zuwa Kosovo daga sansaninsu da ke Missouri suka dawo. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=B-2 Spirit |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104482/b-2-spirit/ |access-date=7 August 2024 |website=U.S. Air Force (af.mil)}}</ref> A mamayar da aka yi wa Iraki a shekarar 2003, an yi amfani da jiragen F-117 Nighthawks da B-2 Spirits, kuma wannan ne karo na ƙarshe da F-117 za ta fuskanci yaƙi. Jiragen F-117 sun jefa makaman yaƙi da tauraron ɗan adam ke jagoranta a kan wasu wurare da aka zaɓa, tare da samun nasara sosai. B-2 Spirits sun gudanar da jerin gwano guda 49 a cikin mamayar, inda suka saki sama da 1.5&nbsp;fam miliyan na harsasai. <ref name=":3" /> A lokacin aikin kashe Osama bin Laden a watan Mayun 2011, daya daga cikin jiragen helikwafta da aka yi amfani da su wajen shigar da sojojin Amurka cikin Pakistan a boye ya fadi a gidan Bin Laden. Daga cikin tarkacen jirgin an bayyana cewa wannan jirgin helikwafta yana da sifofin ɓoyewa, wanda hakan ya sa aka fara amfani da shi a bainar jama'a ta amfani da helikwafta mai ɓoyewa . <ref>{{Cite web |last=ROSS |first=BRIAN |title=Top Secret Stealth Helicopter Program Revealed in Osama Bin Laden Raid: Experts |url=https://abcnews.com/Blotter/top-secret-stealth-helicopter-program-revealed-osama-bin/story?id=13530693 |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> An yi amfani da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa a lokacin da aka shiga tsakani a Libya a shekarar 2011, inda jiragen B-2 Spirits suka jefa bama-bamai 40 a filin jirgin saman Libya tare da kariyar sama mai ƙarfi don tallafawa yankin hana tashi da saukar jiragen sama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Jiragen sama na Stealth za su ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a yaƙin sama da Amurka ta amfani da jiragen F-22 Raptor, B-2 Spirit, da F-35 Lightning II don gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban. Jirgin F-22 ya fara fafatawa da Siriya a watan Satumba na 2014 a matsayin wani ɓangare na kawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta don kayar da ISIS . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=23 September 2014 |title=After Years of Trouble, F-22 Raptor's 1st Combat Mission is a 'Success' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/years-trouble-22-raptors-combat-mission-success/story?id=25709236 |access-date=8 August 2024 |website=ABC News}}</ref> Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2018, jiragen saman Su-57 sun yi tashin farko na kasa da kasa yayin da aka gansu suna sauka a sansanin sojin saman Khmeimim na Rasha da ke Siriya. An tura waɗannan jiragen Su-57 tare da jiragen Sukhoi Su-35 guda huɗu, jiragen Sukhoi Su-25 guda huɗu, da kuma jiragen Beriev A-50 AEW&C guda ɗaya. Ana kyautata zaton cewa an tura akalla jiragen Su-57 guda 4 zuwa Siriya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gady |first=Franz-Stefan |title=Report: Russia Has Developed Prototype of Air-to-Ground Hypersonic Missile for Su-57 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/report-russia-has-developed-prototype-of-air-to-ground-hypersonic-missile-for-su-57/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Thediplomat.com}}</ref> kuma wataƙila an yi musu makamai masu linzami na cruise a yaƙi. A shekarar 2018, wani rahoto ya bayyana cewa jiragen saman yakin Isra'ila kirar F-35I sun gudanar da ayyuka da dama a Siriya, har ma sun kutsa kai cikin sararin samaniyar Iran ba tare da an gano su ba. A watan Mayun 2018, Manjo Janar Amikam Norkin na IAF ya ba da rahoton cewa jiragen saman yakin sama na rundunar sojin saman Isra'ila F-35I sun kai hari na farko a kan Siriya. [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar China]] ta fara gwajin jirgin samanta na Chengdu J-20 mai aiki da yawa a shekarar 2011 kuma ta fara bayyana a bainar jama'a a Airshow China 2016. Jirgin ya fara aiki da rundunar sojin sama ta 'yantar da jama'a (PLAAF) a watan Maris na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title=编号78272：第二架五位数编号歼-20曝光 部署沧州 |url=http://news.ifeng.com/a/20161212/50401780_0.shtml#p=1 |publisher=news.ifeng.com}}</ref> Wani jirgin yaƙi na ƙarni na biyar mai suna Shenyang FC-31 daga China shi ma yana ƙarƙashin gwajin tashi. [[File:MQ-28_Ghost_Bat_prepares_to_conduct_a_taxi_test_during_Exercise_Valiant_Shield_2026_at_Rota.jpg|thumb| Ɗaya daga cikin jiragen yaƙi 17 marasa matuki na Ostiraliya MQ-28 Ghost Bats yayin gwajin yaƙi.]] [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] tana da rundunar jiragen sama 72 na F-35A masu kai hari ta ɓoye, kuma tana haɓakawa da ƙera jirgin sama mara matuki, MQ-28 Ghost Bat, tare da masana'antar Ostiraliya, Boeing Australia da BAE Australia. Jirgin MQ-28 jirgin yaƙi ne mai haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Loyal Wingman <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=MQ-28 |url=https://www.boeing.com/defense/airpower-teaming-system/index.page |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005132310/https://www.boeing.com/defense/MQ-28/index.page |archive-date=5 October 2023 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=Boeing}}</ref>, tare da tashin jirgin na farko a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2021. <ref name="Waldron">{{Cite web |last=Waldron |first=Greg |date=2 March 2021 |title=Australian 'loyal wingman' to form basis of Boeing Skyborg bid |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/australian-loyal-wingman-to-form-basis-of-boeing-skyborg-bid/142689.article |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302113816/https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/australian-loyal-wingman-to-form-basis-of-boeing-skyborg-effort/142689.article |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=2 March 2021 |website=FlightGlobal}}</ref> <ref name="deGit">{{Cite web |date=1 March 2021 |title=Boeing Loyal Wingman Uncrewed Aircraft Completes First Flight |url=https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130834 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123123324/https://boeing.mediaroom.com/news-releases-statements?item=130834 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |access-date=16 May 2021 |website=Boeing}}</ref> An kawo jiragen sama takwas ( ''Toshe na 1'' ) nan da shekarar 2024; ana samar da ƙarin jiragen sama ( ''Toshe na 2'' ) tare da wasu da aka kawo. A ranar 4 ga Maris, 2026, a lokacin [[Yaƙin Iran na 2026|yakin Iran na 2026]], Rundunar Tsaron Isra'ila ta sanar da cewa wani jirgin F-35I "Adir" ya harbo wani jirgin yakin Iran mai suna Yak-130 da Rasha ta kera a sararin samaniyar Tehran, wanda hakan ya zama kisan farko na F-35 daga sama zuwa sama, kuma kisan farko da aka yi daga sama zuwa sama da wani mayakin sirri ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel’s F-35 shoots down Iranian Yak-130 jet over Tehran |url=https://news.az/news/israels-f-35-shoots-down-iranian-yak-130-jet-over-tehran |access-date=2026-03-04 |website=News.az |language=en}}</ref> == Jerin jiragen sama masu ɓoye == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Type !Country !Class !Role !Date !Status !No. !Notes |- |Airbus Wingman |European Union |UCAV |Fighter |2024 |Project |0 |Germany, Spain<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=Unmanned escort for manned fighter jets: Airbus presents new Wingman concept at ILA Berlin {{!}} Airbus |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-06-unmanned-escort-for-manned-fighter-jets-airbus-presents-new-wingman |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=airbus.com}}</ref> |- |Airbus LOUT |Germany |UAV |Experimental |2019 |Project |0 |Low Observable UAV Testbed<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwarz |first=Karl |date=2019-11-05 |title=Nationale Deutsche Entwicklung: Airbus zeigt Stealth-Testmodell LOUT |url=https://www.flugrevue.de/militaer/nationale-deutsche-entwicklung-airbus-zeigt-stealth-testmodell-lout/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=flugrevue.de |language=de}}</ref> |- |Airbus Sagitta |Germany |UAV |Experimental |2017 |Prototype |1 | |- |BAE Systems Corax |United Kingdom |UAV |Experimental |2004 |Prototype | | |- |BAE Systems Replica |United Kingdom | | |1999 |Project | | |- |BAE Systems Taranis |United Kingdom |UCAV |Attack |2013 |Prototype | | |- |BAE Systems Tempest |United Kingdom |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | |UK contribution to the Global Combat Air Programme (qv) |- |Baykar Bayraktar Kızılelma |Turkey |UCAV |Autonomous stealth multirole fighter with [[Kirkirar Basira|AI]] and loyal wingman<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayraktar KIZILELMA |url=http://baykartech.com/en/uav/bayraktar-kizilelma/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Baykartech.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2025 |title=Turkiye’s Kizilelma Jets Achieve World First in Autonomous Formation Flight |url=https://thedefensewatch.com/aerospace-aviation/kizilelma-unmanned-jets-complete-first-autonomous-formation-flight/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Thedefensewatch.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bayraktar KIZILELMA, F-16 ile tarihi teste imza attı |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/savunma-sanayisi/bayraktar-kizilelma-f-16-ile-tarihi-teste-imza-atti/3748781 |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Aa.com.tr}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=3 April 2026 |title=KAAN Block-10 Fighters to be Introduced Between 2027-2029 &#124; TURDEF |url=https://turdef.com/article/kaan-block-10-fighters-to-be-introduced-between-2027-2029 |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Turdef.com}}</ref> |2022 |Production |2 |D(Naval) variant STOBAR<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=7 June 2026 |title=Turkish Navy Confirms 2032 Delivery Date for MUGEM Aircraft Carrier |url=https://www.navalnews.com/event-news/cne-2026/2026/06/turkish-navy-confirms-2032-delivery-date-for-mugem-aircraft-carrier/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Navalnews.com}}</ref> |- |Bell 360 Invictus |United States |Rotorcraft |Experimental |2019 |Prototype | | |- |Boeing Bird of Prey |United States |Subsonic |Experimental |1996 |Prototype | | |- |Boeing F-47 | {| |United States |} |Supersonic jet |Fighter | |Prototype | | |- |Boeing Model 853-21 Quiet Bird |United States |Subsonic |Reconnaissance | |Project | |Developed from Model 853 |- |Boeing MQ-25 Stingray |United States |UAV |Experimental |2019 |Prototype | | |- |Boeing Australia MQ-28 Ghost Bat |Australia |UCAV |Autonomous fighter [[Kirkirar Basira|AI]] and loyal wingman<ref name="auto" /> |2019 |Pre-production DT&OE |17 | |- |Boeing X-32 |United States |Supersonic jet |Fighter |2000 |Prototype |2 | |- |Boeing X-45 |United States |UCAV |Experimental |2002 |Prototype | | |- |Boeing–Sikorsky RAH-66 Comanche |United States |Rotorcraft |Attack |1996 |Prototype |2 | |- |Chengdu J-20 |China |Supersonic jet |Fighter |2011 |Production |300+ | |- |Chengdu J-36 |China |Supersonic jet |Fighter |2024 |Prototype |3+ | |- |Chengdu WZ-10 |China |UAV | |2014 |Production | | |- |Dassault nEUROn |European Union |UCAV |Attack |2012 |Prototype | |France, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland |- |DRDO Ghatak |India |UCAV | | |Project | | |- |DRDO SWiFT |India |UCAV |Experimental |2022 |Prototype |2 | |- |EADS Mako/HEAT |International |Supersonic |Attack | |Project | | |- |Eurocopter EC-665 Tiger |European Union |Rotorcraft |Attack |2003 |Production |180 |France, Germany, Spain |- |FCAS (New Generation Fighter) |European Union |Supersonic jet |Fighter | |Project | |Officially cancelled. |- |Flygsystem 2020 |Sweden |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | | |- |Global Combat Air Programme |International |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | |Merger of UK (BAE Systems Tempest), Japan (Mitsubishi F-X) and Italy |- |HAL AMCA |India |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | | |- |HAL Prachand |India |Rotorcraft |Attack |2022 |Production |19 | |- |Hongdu GJ-11 |China |UCAV | | | | | |- |KAI KF-21 Boramae |South Korea |Supersonic |Fighter |2022 |Production |6 |South Korea |- |Kratos XQ-58 Valkyrie |United States |UCAV |Experimental | | | | |- |Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk |United States |Subsonic |Attack |1981 |Production |64 | |- |Lockheed Have Blue |United States |Subsonic |Experimental |1977 |Prototype |2 |Developed into F-117 |- |Lockheed SR-71 |United States |Supersonic |Reconnaissance |1964 |Production |32 | |- |Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor |United States |Supersonic |Fighter |1996 |Production |195 | |- |Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II |United States |Supersonic |Fighter |2006 |Production |1,000+ |A-variant CTOL, B-variant V/STOL, C-variant CATOBAR |- |Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel |United States |UAV | | |Production |20–30 | |- |Lockheed Martin X-35 |United States |Supersonic |Fighter |2000 |Prototype |2 | |- |Lockheed Martin X-44 MANTA |United States |Jet |Fighter |2000 |Project | | |- |MBB Lampyridae MRMF |Germany |Jet |Fighter |1987 |Project | | |- |McDonnell Douglas X-36 |United States |Subsonic |Experimental |1997 |Prototype |1 |No vertical tail |- |McDonnell Douglas A-12 Avenger II |United States |Subsonic |Bomber | |Project | | |- |MH-X Stealthhawk |United States |Rotorcraft |Utility | |Top-secret | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cenciotti |first=David |date=2021-05-02 |title=The Day We Learned About The Stealth Black Hawk Used In OBL Raid. |url=https://theaviationist.com/2021/05/02/stealth-black-hawk-rendering-new/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=The Aviationist |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Mikoyan Skat |Russia |UCAV |Attack | |Project | | |- |Mikoyan Project 1.44 |Russia |Supersonic |Fighter |2000 |Prototype |1 |Initially developed for the MFI project |- |Mikoyan LMFS |Russia |Supersonic |Fighter | |Cancelled | | |- |Mikoyan PAK DP |Russia |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | | |- |Mitsubishi X-2 Shinshin |Japan |Supersonic |Experimental |2016 |Prototype |1 | |- |Boeing F/A-XX |United States |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | |Navy's NGAD programme. To replace Navy's F/A-18E/F Super Hornets. |- |NGAD (Penetrating Counter-Air (PCA)) |United States |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | |To replace [[United States Air Force|USAF]]'s F-22 Raptors |- |Northrop Tacit Blue |United States |Subsonic |Experimental |1982 |Prototype |1 | |- |Northrop YF-23 |United States |Supersonic |Fighter |1990 |Prototype |2 | |- |Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit |United States |Subsonic |Bomber |1989 |Production |21 | |- |Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider |United States |Subsonic |Bomber |2023 |Production |3+ | |- |Northrop Grumman RQ-180 |United States |UAV | | |Production | | |- |Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus |United States |UCAV |Experimental |2003 |Prototype | | |- |Northrop Grumman X-47B |United States |UCAV |Experimental |2003 |Prototype |2 | |- |Ryan AQM-91 Firefly |United States |UAV |Experimental | | | | |- | rowspan="2" |Saab KFS | rowspan="2" |Sweden |Supersonic |Fighter | rowspan="2" |2023 | rowspan="2" |Prototype | | rowspan="2" |Konceptet Framtidens Stridsflyg<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |date=2024-05-24 |title=Saab teases early progress with future fighter concept studies |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/saab-teases-early-progress-with-future-fighter-concept-studies/158448.article |access-date=2024-06-11 |website=Flight Global}}</ref> |- |UAV |Fighter | |- |Shenyang J-35 |China |Supersonic |Fighter |2012 | |10+ | |- |Shenyang J-50 |China |Supersonic |Fighter |2024 | | | |- |Sukhoi Okhotnik |Russia |UCAV |Experimental | |Prototype |2 |The first S-70 prototype had a non-stealthy circular exhaust.<ref name="S-70" /> |- |Sukhoi Su-57 |Russia |Supersonic |Fighter |2010 |Production |21+ | |- |Sukhoi Su-75 Checkmate |Russia |Supersonic |Stealth Multirole Fighter |2024 |Project | | |- |TAI Anka-3 |Turkey |UCAV |Autonomous stealth multirole fighter with [[Kirkirar Basira|AI]] and loyal wingman<ref>{{Cite web |title=ANKA III UCAV, Turkey |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/anka-iii-ucav-turkey/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Airforce-technology.com}}</ref><<ref>{{Cite web |title=TAI finalizes Anka-3 design; Turkish Air Force to order over 50 aircraft in 2026 |url=https://www.turkiyetoday.com/nation/tai-finalizes-anka-3-design-turkish-air-force-to-order-over-50-aircraft-in-2026-3213467 |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Turkiyetoday.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=28 December 2023 |title=Turkey’s ANKA-3 Flying Wing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Flies |url=https://www.twz.com/turkeys-anka-3-flying-wing-unmanned-combat-air-vehicle-flies |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Twz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ANKA-III - TUSAS |url=https://www.tusas.com/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Tusas.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretive Turkish Drone Makes Debut Flight With Ukrainian Engine |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-29/turkey-s-stealth-drone-anka-3-makes-debut-flight-with-ukraine-engine |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> |2023 |Prototype |2 |D(Naval) variant STOBAR<ref name="auto1" /> |- |TAI Kaan |Turkey |Supersonic |Stealth, twin-engine, all-weather air superiority multirole fighter<ref>{{Cite web |title=KAAN - TUSAS |url=https://www.tusas.com/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Tusas.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODIN - OE Data Integration Network |url=https://odin.t2com.army.mil/WEG/Asset/f9102f5ffd5cd65d9b736df530d78638 |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Odin.t2com.army.mil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2026 |title=National Combat Aircraft KAAN Makes Its First Flight &#124; TÜBİTAK &#124; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu |url=https://tubitak.gov.tr/en/news/national-combat-aircraft-kaan-makes-its-first-flight |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Tubitak.gov.tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2025 |title=Indo Defence 2025: Indonesia signs agreement to acquire Kaan fighter aircraft |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-intelligence-insights/defence-news/air/indo-defence-2025-indonesia-signs-agreement-to-acquire-kaan-fighter-aircraft |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Janes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia signs contract with Turkey to buy 48 KAAN fighter jets |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-signs-contract-with-turkey-buy-48-kaan-fighter-jets-2025-07-29/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey pressing for Western fighter jets to claw back regional edge |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/turkey-pressing-western-fighter-jets-claw-back-regional-edge-2025-10-22/ |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Reuters.com}}</ref> |2024 |Prototype |3 | |- |TAI Gölge |Turkey |UAV |Stealth, Propeller-driven, ISR&EW UAV<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valpolini |first=Paolo |date=8 May 2026 |title=Saha Expo 2026 – Turkish Aerospace Industries unveils Gölge, a piston-engine “baby-Anka III” |url=https://www.edrmagazine.eu/saha-expo-2026-turkish-aerospace-industries-unveils-golge-a-piston-engine-baby-anka-iii |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Edrmagazine.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2026 |title=TUSAŞ Debuts “GÖLGE” Stealth UAV at SAHA 2026 |url=https://defenceturkey.com/news/tusas-debuts-golge-stealth-uav-at-saha-2026 |access-date=20 June 2026 |website=Defence Turkey}}</ref> |2026 |Prototype |1 | |- |Tupolev PAK DA |Russia |Subsonic |Bomber | |Project | | |- |Windecker YE-5 |United States |Tractor |Experimental |1973 |Prototype |1 |Stealth research, not fully stealthy |- |Xian H-20 |China |Subsonic |Bomber | |Project | | |- |Yakovlev Yak-201 |Russia |Supersonic |Fighter | |Project | |VTOL |} == Duba kuma == * Na'urar rufewa * Kayan aiki na ƙarfe * Taimakon shiga cikin ruwa * QTOL * Kit ɗin Hush == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8x4re870wv5w96riue1ys6xmsb8v2vl 0 178588 967102 964905 2026-10-13T11:04:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 967102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography | name = L.E.A. Primary School, Kaltungo | native_name = L.E.A. Primary School | type = Makarantar firamare | location = [[Kaltungo]], [[Jihar Gombe]] | country = [[Najeriya]] | district = [[Kaltungo]] }} '''L.E.A. Primary School, Kaltungo''' makarantar firamare ce da ke [[Kaltungo]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Makarantar tana daga cikin makarantun firamare na gwamnati da ke yankin Kaltungo.<ref name="FNAS">{{cite journal |title=Species Diversity of Helminth Eggs in Soils of Selected Public and Private Primary Schools in Kaltungo, Gombe State |url=https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JBER/article/download/709/629/1186 |journal=FNAS Journal of Biology and Environmental Research |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == Bayanan wani binciken ilimi kan makarantun firamare a Kaltungo sun nuna cewa L.E.A. Primary School na daga cikin makarantun gwamnati da aka zaɓa domin gudanar da bincike. Binciken ya kuma yi amfani da bayanan [[Kaltungo]] Local Education Authority wajen zaɓar makarantun da aka yi nazari a kansu.<ref name="FNAS"/> Makarantar ta kasance cibiyar ilimin firamare ga yara a Kaltungo. Wani fitaccen tsohon ɗalibin makarantar shi ne [[Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi]], wanda ya taɓa zama Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Maiduguri sannan Shugaban Jami'ar Maiduguri. Majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa Njodi ya halarci L.E.A. Primary School, Kaltungo daga shekarar 1967 zuwa 1973.<ref name="Vanguard">{{cite news |last=Aina |first=Olatunde |title=Abubakar-Njodi, a VC and worthy alumnus |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/abubakar-njodi-vc-worthy-alumnus/ |work=Vanguard |date=5 February 2017 |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> Wata majiya ta Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation ma ta tabbatar da cewa Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi ya yi karatu a L.E.A. Primary School, Kaltungo daga '''1967 zuwa 1973''', kafin ya koma ECWA Primary School, Kaltungo.<ref name="BLERF">{{cite web |title=NJODI, Prof Ibrahim Abubakar |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/njodi-professor-ibrahim-abubakar/ |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> == Wuri == L.E.A. Primary School tana cikin garin [[Kaltungo]], a [[Kaltungo Local Government Area|Karamar Hukumar Kaltungo]] ta Jihar Gombe. Bayanai daga wani kundin adireshin makarantu sun kuma nuna L.E.A. Primary School a Kaltungo da lambar akwatin gidan waya '''770117'''.<ref name="WorldOrgs">{{cite web |title=LEA Primary School |url=https://ng.worldorgs.com/catalog/kaltungo/school/leaprimaryschool |website=WorldOrgs |access-date=8 October 2026 }}</ref> Bayanan [[Independent National Electoral Commission|INEC]] na Gombe sun kuma lissafa '''L.E.A. Primary School''' a matsayin wurin tattara katin zaɓe na yankin Kaltungo West a Kaltungo LGA.<ref name="INEC">{{cite web |title=Gombe State: PVC Collection Centres |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |website=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=8 October 2026 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Muhimmancin makarantar == L.E.A. Primary School na daga cikin makarantun firamare na gwamnati da ke ba da ilimin firamare a Kaltungo. Kasancewar an ambaci makarantar a cikin binciken ilimi da kuma bayanan hukumomin zaɓe na nuna cewa makarantar tana daga cikin cibiyoyin da ake amfani da su a yankin.<ref name="FNAS"/><ref name="INEC"/> == Tsoffin ɗalibai == * '''[[Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi]]''' – malami kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Maiduguri, wanda ya yi karatu a makarantar daga 1967 zuwa 1973.<ref name="Vanguard"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Kaltungo]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Ilimi a Najeriya]] * [[Makarantar firamare]] * [[Makarantu a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Majiyoyi == * [https://fnasjournals.com/index.php/FNAS-JBER/article/download/709/629/1186 FNAS Journal — Species Diversity of Helminth Eggs in Soils of Selected Public and Private Primary Schools in Kaltungo, Gombe State] * [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/abubakar-njodi-vc-worthy-alumnus/ Vanguard — Abubakar-Njodi, a VC and worthy alumnus] * [https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/njodi-professor-ibrahim-abubakar/ Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation — Prof. Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi] * [https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf INEC — Gombe State PVC Collection Centres] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://ng.worldorgs.com/catalog/kaltungo/school/leaprimaryschool WorldOrgs — LEA Primary School, Kaltungo] [[Category:Makarantu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Makarantu a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Makarantu a Kaltungo]] [[Category:Kaltungo]] [[Category:Jihar Gombe]] q9fobx3qjh4ly1but8a7j5gbnbnq2pz 4 178665 967080 966103 2026-10-13T08:57:29Z Hausa Wikimedians User Group 13974 add presentation 967080 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px auto; width:100%; background: linear-gradient(120deg, #003b71, #0879c9, #00a878); border-radius:10px; color:white; padding:20px;" | style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:left; padding-left:10px;" | <div style="font-size:32px; font-weight:bold; font-family:sans-serif; line-height:1.2;">Bada Gudummuwa a Wikipedia a Zamanin Fasahar AI</div> <div style="font-size:18px; font-style:italic; margin-top:10px;">Shirin Hausa Wikimedians User Group</div> | style="width:180px; height:180px; background:#F8F9FA; border-radius:50%; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; padding:10px;" | [[File:Hausa_Wikimedians_User_Group_Logo.svg|170px|center|link=]] |} == Manufar Wannan Taron == [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group AI workshop flyer.jpg|280px|right|link=]] A halin yanzu, fasahar AI ta zuma ruwan dare kuma tana iya taimakawa wajen bincike, fassara da tsara rubutu na yau da kullum. Amma duk da haka, fasahar AI ba ta maye gurbin cikakken bincike da iya tsara rubutu na ɗan Adam ba, musamman ta hanyar tantance sahihan bayanai na gaskiya, ko wajen tabbatar da ingancin bayanan da nauyin mabambantan ra'ayoyi a rubutun zube. Wannan taro zai mayar da hankali ne wajen ƙara fahimtar da masu bada gudummuwa a Wikipedia yadda za a yin amfani da AI ta hanyar da ta dace wajen fassara, gina rubutu, da kuma nemo manazarta ko reference domin ingnta, lo kuma gina muƙaloli a Wikipedia ta harshen Hausa. Hakazalika taron zai nusar da mahalarta hanyoyin amfani da fasahar da basu dace ba, musamman ƙirƙirar bayanai da basu da asali ko kuma juya zance ta wata fuskar da kuma gazawar fasahar a wasu Harsuna musamman masu ƙaranci adabi a yanar gizo kamar Hausa. * Ranar gudanarwa: 11 ga Oktoba 2026 * Lokacin farawa: 2:00 Na rana (WAT) * Wuri: Ɗakin taro na Lumilab Hub == Abubuwan Mayar da Hankali/Tattaunawa == [[File:Bada Gudummuwa a Wikipedia A Zamanin Fashar AI.pdf|280px|right|link=|thumb|Daya daga cikin presentation na shirin (Hausa)]] [[File:Dall-e 3 (jan '24) artificial intelligence icon.png|280px|right|link=]] A yayin wannan taron, za mu mayar da hankali ne akan tattaunawar yadde rubutun AI yake da kuma amfani da fasahar AI ita kanta wajen samar da sabbin muƙalolin Wikipedia masu inganci ko kuma inganta wanda ke buƙatar inganta. Sabbin masu bada gudummuwa zasu samu horo na musamman domin koyon bada gudummuwa daga matakin farko tare kuma da neman ƙwarewa. Akwai tattaunawa ta mussamman da Ƙwararrun masu bada gudummuwa a kan editing da kuma babban shirin Gidauniyar Wikimedia Hausa na inganta bada gudummuwa a projects na Wikimedia a Arewacin Nigeria. == Yadda Za a yi Rajista == Taron na kowa da kowa ne (na tsofaffin masu bada gudummuwa da sababbin zuwa). # Domin mu san yawan mutanen da suka ba da gudummawa, akwai buƙatar yin rajista a shafin Dashboard na wannan taro ta nan: [[Special:RegisterForEvent/4928|Bada Gudummuwa a Wikipedia a Zamanin Fasahar AI]] # Idan kai sabon mai bada gudummuwa ne, za a yi takaitaccen horo a farkon zaman don nuna muku yadda ake gyara Wikipedia cikin sauƙi. <div id="regbtn" style="margin:auto; text-align:center; margin:24px 0; font-size: 1.5em;" class = "plainlinks" > [[Special:RegisterForEvent/4928|<span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">Domin shiga shirin, ku yi rajista a nan</span>]]</div> <div style="margin-top: 50px; border-top: 2px solid #eaecf0; padding: 5px 0; text-align: center;"> <p style="color: #72777d; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 5px;">GIDAUNIYAR WIKIMEDIA HAUSA</p> </div> <div style = "border-bottom: 2px solid #eaecf0; border-radius: .2em; padding: .5em .8em; font-size: 1em;margin-bottom: 5px; "><center> [[File:Font Awesome 5 brands facebook-square.svg|20px|link=https://fb.com/wikimediaha]] Wikimedia Hausa | [[File:X icon 2.svg|20px|link=https://twitter.com/wikimediaha]] Wikimedia Hausa | [[File:Globe font awesome.svg|20px|link=https://wikimediahausa.org|]]&nbsp;[https://wikimediahausa.org https://wikimediahausa.org]</center> </div> <center>[[File:Font Awesome 5 solid envelope.svg|18px]] '''Ƙarin bayani:''' [mailto:contact@wikimediahausa.org contact@wikimediahausa.org]</center> jjk6w3qkpmo4c0eh0df43ysd03w7f2o 0 178880 967018 966210 2026-10-12T23:32:49Z Salma Raddah 45959 967018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} Duwatsun Aurès suna cikin arewa maso gabashin [[Aljeriya]] kuma suna cikin yankin Saharan Atlas a yankin Maghreb na Arewa maso Yammacin Afirka. Mazaunan asalin Aurès su ne Mutanen Chaoui, waɗanda suke cikin ɓangaren al'ummar [[Abzinawa|Berber]] (Amazigh). '''Tarihin Aurès''' ya samo asali ne daga zamanin da ba a san shi ba. == Tarihi na farko == === Aïn Hanech === Aïn Hanech wani shafin tarihi ne na Paleolithic a yankin Aurès wanda ya ba da shaidar kasancewar hominin a Arewacin Afirka tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.7 da suka gabata (mya). [1] An gano Kayan aikin dutse a cikin sassan archaeological a wannan shafin, wanda ya kasance a zamanin Pleistocene (2.5 mya-11,700 shekaru da suka gabata). Masanin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi Mohamed Sahnouni da abokan aikinsa sun gano kayan aikin dutse na Oldowan, gami da duwatsu masu sauƙi, tare da burbushin dabbobi daga wannan lokacin.[2][3] === Al'adun Capsian === Al'adar Capsian ta yadu a kusa da [[Bahar Rum|Tekun Bahar Rum]] daga kimanin 8000 zuwa 2700 KZ. Ana samun shaidar ƙauyukan Capsian a cikin escargotières ko middens, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da kayan archaeological kamar toka, kayan aikin dutse, ƙasusuwan dabbobi (ciki har da na gazelles, aurochs, da wildebeests), da kuma kwarangwal na ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai shaidar fasahar dutse, zane-zane, gogewa, tukwane, da noma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Capsian Civilization |url=https://gloriousalgeria.dz/En/Post/show/54/Capsian-Civilization-#:~:text=The%20imprisoned%20civilization's%20most%20noteworthy,Ain%20Boucherit%20and%20Al%20Majaz. |access-date=25 August 2024 |website=Algeria - Glorious History}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lubell |first=David |last2=Hassan |first2=Fekri A. |last3=Gautier |first3=Achilles |last4=Ballais |first4=Jean-Louis |date=1976 |title=The Capsian Escargotières |url=https://hal.science/hal-01541935/ |journal=Science |volume=191 |pages=910–920}}</ref> Shahararrun wuraren tuddai sun haɗa da Medjez Amar da Mechta Sidi El Arbi a yankin Constantine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marie Delorme - L'attraction atlantique en Afrique saharienne et mediterraneenne |trans-title=The Atlantic attraction in the Africa of the Sahara and the Mediterranean |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://www.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/ecoledoctorale/trjca/adelorme.htm#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=archive.wikiwix.com}}</ref> == Tsohon zamani == A zamanin d ̄ a, yankin Aurès ya kasance mazaunin Gaetuli (Zenata) da Sanhaja, tare da 'yan tsiraru na Garamantes. Mausoleum na Medracen (wanda aka fi sani da Medghassen), wanda ke cikin Boumia, arewacin tsaunukan Aurès, ya samo asali ne daga 300 KZ. Wannan abin tunawa na Numidian shine mafi tsufa a Aljeriya. The Aurès region is believed to have been central to the Zenata people, including groups such as the Maghrawas, [[Banu Ifran]], Djerawa, and Merinids. According to the contentious hypothesis proposed by [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]], Medghassen may have been the patriarch of the Zenata. === Massylii === Massylii tsohuwar ƙungiya ce ta ƙabilar Berber da ke da alaƙa da mulkin Numidian . Yankin Aurès yana da mahimmanci ga Massylii, yana kunshe da mafi yawan yankinsu kuma yana aiki a matsayin al'adun al'adu. Babban birninsu, Cirta, ma yana cikin wannan yankin. === Numidia === An haife shi a kusa da 238 KZ a cikin kabilar Massylian, [[Masinissa|Massinissa]] ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hada Numidia, gami da yankin Aurès. Bayan mulkinsa, da yawa daga cikin magajinsa, ciki har da jikansa Jugurtha, sun nemi mafaka a kan tsaunin da ake kira da shi yanzu. Wannan tudu, wanda ke kusa da birnin Kalaat es Senam na yanzu a Tunisia, kusa da iyakar massif, ya zama sansani don tsayayya da mamayewar Romawa. === Lokacin Romawa === Yankin Aurès ya kasance gida ga ƙauyuka da yawa na Romawa, gami da sanannun misalai kamar [[Timgad]] (Thamugadi), wani birni na Romawa da aka kafa a ƙarni na 1 AD, da [[Djémila|Cuicul]] (Djemila), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Site - Djemila |url=https://zamaniproject.org/site-algeria-djemila.html |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=zamaniproject.org}}</ref> sananne ne ga rushewar Romawa masu ban sha'awa. Wadannan ƙauyuka sun kasance muhimman cibiyoyin kasuwanci, gudanarwa, da musayar al'adu a lardin Roma na [[Numidia]]. [[File:Ancient_Roman_theater_in_Djemila.jpg|center|200x200px]] === Masarautar Aurès === Sarki Masties ya kafa Masarautar Aurès a cikin 480s a matsayin mulkin Kirista na Berber. Ya fito ne bayan tashin hankali na Berber a kan Masarautar Vandal, wanda ya ci lardin Romawa na Afirka a cikin 435 AD, kuma ya kasance ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta daga baya. Masarautar Aurès ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare Arewacin Afirka a lokacin mamayar musulmi a Maghreb . Sarauniyarta, [[Kahina|Dihya]], ta samu nasarar kayar da Larabawa [[Khalifancin Umayyawa|Umayyad]] a yakin Meskiana . Koyaya, ta kashe kanta ko kuma an kashe ta a lokacin Yaƙin Tabarka da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moderan |first=Y. |date=2005-08-01 |title=Kahena |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/1306 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=27 |pages=4102–4111 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1306 |issn=1015-7344}}</ref> === Mulkin Larabawa === A shekara ta 709, duk Arewacin Afirka, gami da Aurès, sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Umayyad Caliphate. Bayan nasarar Larabawa, Aurès ya sami canje-canje masu mahimmanci. Gwamnatin Larabawa ta gabatar da Islama a yankin, ta yi tasiri sosai ga al'adunsu da tsarin al'umma. Ƙabilun kamar su [[Banu Ifran]], Maghrawa, da sauran kabilun Zenata sun ɗauki Aurès a matsayin gidansu kafin su gudu zuwa yamma zuwa Yammacin Aljeriya da Maroko saboda nasarar Abbasid Caliphate na Arewacin Afirka. Bayan Abbasids sun ci Ifriqiya, sun sanya Aghlabids, wanda mai yiwuwa ya mallaki Aurès. == Zamanin Tsakiya == === Mulkin Fatimid === A cikin 902, wani mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje mai suna Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i ya jagoranci sojojin Kutama Berbers, wanda ya haifar da kafa Khalifancin Fatimid . Sun shiga cikin manyan yaƙe-yaƙe a Aurès da Aghlabids, gami da waɗanda ke Mila a cikin 902, Constantine a cikin 905, da Tubna a cikin 906. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfelp6lm3a9rxhc5xa2mnsbhce047v1 0 178920 966816 966350 2026-10-12T13:32:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 966816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2011, Jirgin Jirgin Sama na Georgia Airways Flight 834, jirgin fasinja na Bombardier CRJ100 na Georgian Airlines wanda ke aiki da jirgin cikin gida daga [[Kisangani]] zuwa [[Kinshasa]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]] (DRC), ya fadi yayin da yake ƙoƙarin sauka a Filin jirgin saman Kinshasa. Jirgin, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta hayar, yana ƙoƙarin sauka a lokacin tsawa. Daga cikin mutane 33 da ke cikin jirgin, mutum daya ne kawai ya tsira. Lamarin ya kasance bala'in jirgin sama mafi muni a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aviation Safety Network - United Nations - UN |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/4679 |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=ASN}}</ref> Har ila yau, bala'in jirgin sama na uku mafi muni wanda ya shafi CRJ100/200, bayan Comair Flight 5191 da China Eastern Airlines Flight 5210 .<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-100ER 4L-GAE Kinshasa-N'Djili Airport (FIH) |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/types/Bombardier-CRJ100-200-440/index |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=2026-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613081545/https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/types/Bombardier-CRJ100-200-440/index |archive-date=2024-06-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> gwamnatin DRC ta kafa kwamiti na bincike don bincika hadarin. Ya kammala cewa jirgin ya gamu da microburst bayan ya fara tafiya, wanda ya sa ya rasa tsawo da sauri. Kodayake radar na yanayin ma'aikatan ya nuna mummunan yanayin yanayi a kusa da filin jirgin sama, ma'aikatan ba su dakatar da jirgin su zuwa Kinshasa ba. Bayan asarar tsawo da sauri, ma'aikatan sun kasa dawo da jirgin saboda ƙananan tsawo. == Jirgin sama == Jirgin ya kasance Bombardier CRJ100ER, wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin 4L-GAE <ref name="ASN040411" /> tare da lambar serial na c / n 7070. A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2008, a karkashin yarjejeniyar haya, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hayar jirgin sama don aikin [[MONUSCO]] a DRC.<ref name="ASN040411">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=4L-GAE Accident description |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/321134 |access-date=4 April 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref> == Hadari == === Fitarwa === Jirgin 834 jirgin fasinja ne na cikin gida daga [[Kisangani]], babban birnin lardin Orientale, zuwa babban birnin kasar [[Kinshasa]], <ref name="AFP">{{Cite web |title=Au moins 16 morts dans l'accident d'un avion de l'ONU au RD Congo |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jLF33Ug1xF-frSrD0SXc4CZ1Hw1A?docId=CNG.ab85f08731c96814ed1d14e0951895ed.2c1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407112913/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jLF33Ug1xF-frSrD0SXc4CZ1Hw1A?docId=CNG.ab85f08731c96814ed1d14e0951895ed.2c1 |archive-date=7 April 2011 |access-date=4 April 2011 |publisher=AFP via Google |language=fr}}</ref> wanda kamfanin jirgin saman Georgia, Georgian Airways ke sarrafawa. An gudanar da shi tare da Bombardier CRJ100ER, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hayar don ayyukanta a Kongo bayan barkewar rikice-rikice a yankin. Jirgin ya kasance yana aiki da Georgian Airways tun 2008. Da yake Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce ta hayar ta, an ba ta alamar kira "UNO".: 5  Jiragen saman Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kasance masu yawa a Kongo, suna faruwa fiye da daruruwan sau a mako a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun hanyar sufuri a kasar; hanyar tashi ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a kasar. Ana amfani da jiragen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke sarrafawa akai-akai don jigilar 'yan jarida da ma'aikatan kungiyoyi daban-daban masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2011 |title=Death toll rises from UN plane crash in Kinshasa |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110405-dr-congo-death-toll-rises-un-plane-crash-kinshasa |access-date=18 May 2022 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2011, an sanya jirgin sama don gudanar da jirgin daga Kisangani zuwa Kinshasa. A Kisangani, jimlar fasinjoji 29 sun shiga jirgin. Akwai ma'aikata huɗu, wadanda suka hada da Kyaftin Alexei Hovhanesyan, Jami'in Farko Suliko Tsutskiridze, mai kula da jirgin sama da injiniyan ƙasa. Dukkanin ma'aikatan 'yan kasar Georgia ne. An ruwaito kyaftin din dan kasar Georgia ne.<ref name="RBK">{{Cite web |date=5 April 2011 |title=Грузинские пилоты погибли при крушении самолета в Конго |trans-title=Georgian pilots die in plane crash in Congo |url=https://www.rbc.ru/society/05/04/2011/5703e5bb9a79473c0df1c74c |access-date=15 September 2020 |website=RBK |language=ru}}</ref> Kyaftin din da matukin jirgi a cikin umurni shine Alexey Hovhanesyan mai shekaru 27, wanda ke da sa'o'i 2,811 na jirgin sama, ciki har da sa'a 1,622 a kan CRJ100 (sa'o'in 217 a matsayin kyaftin da 1,405 a matsayin jami'in farko). An ci gaba da shi zuwa kyaftin na CRJ100 kimanin watanni uku kafin hadarin. Jami'in farko shi ne Suliko Tsutskiridze mai shekaru 22, wanda ba shi da ƙwarewa fiye da Kyaftin Hovhaesyan, bayan ya yi sa'o'i 495 kawai, tare da 344 daga cikinsu a kan CRJ100.: 29 Sauran ma'aikatan an gano su ne ma'aikatan jirgin Guram Kepuladze da injiniyan ƙasa Albert Manukov . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Georgians Die in Congo Plane Crash |url=https://old.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=23313 |access-date=19 May 2022 |publisher=CIvil.ge}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Կոնգոյում կործանված վրացական ինքնաթիռի հրամանատարը հայ է |url=https://www.1in.am/15320.html |access-date=19 May 2022 |publisher=1in.am}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8qtpbtrjm0l3opdp3k33vczgrugux61 3 179022 966935 966639 2026-10-12T19:24:39Z Wiwifrench222 49909 /* Barka da zuwa! */ Mayarwa 966935 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wiwifrench222! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wiwifrench222|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 11 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :What? [[User:Wiwifrench222|Wiwifrench222]] ([[User talk:Wiwifrench222|talk]]) 19:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lkhx9w4qn3z0f235ow9gfv7t73ekyni 0 179064 966810 2026-10-12T13:24:58Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343147389|Jean Miner Coburn]]" 966810 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al An haifi '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === *   * Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu daga wannan tushe, wanda ke cikinYankin jama'a: </9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#bf3c2c)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}<nowiki></span></nowiki>Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). Mace ta Karni: Hotuna na Tarihi na Ɗari da saba'in tare da Hotuna na Mata na Amurka a Dukkanin Rayuwa (Jami'ar Jama'a ed.). Charles Wells Moulton  h5ff7fpc8w3b832qmcprbf8j80th55b 966811 966810 2026-10-12T13:26:27Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Bayanan littattafai */ 966811 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al An haifi '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === *   * Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi rubutu daga wannan tushe, wanda ke cikinYankin jama'a: Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). Mace ta Karni: Hotuna na Tarihi na Ɗari da saba'in tare da Hotuna na Mata na Amurka a Dukkanin Rayuwa (Jami'ar Jama'a ed.). Charles Wells Moulton  kulm4mz23nhwt1oes38zbykbieytdlr 966812 966811 2026-10-12T13:27:42Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Bayanan littattafai */ 966812 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al An haifi '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === * {{cite book |last1=Rubinstein |first1=Charlotte Streifer |title=American Women Sculptors: A History of Women Working in Three Dimensions |date=1990 |publisher=G.K. Hall |isbn=978-0-8161-8732-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlsYAAAAIAAJ |access-date=14 January 2022 |language=en}} * {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|author1-link=Frances Willard|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|author2-link=Mary Livermore|title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Jean_Pond_Miner|edition=Public domain|year=1893|publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]]}} }} {{Authority control}} cmd9ti4xrljq9jfjbsr04kuprdaigis 966813 966812 2026-10-12T13:28:29Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Bayanan littattafai */ 966813 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al An haifi '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === * {{cite book |last1=Rubinstein |first1=Charlotte Streifer |title=American Women Sculptors: A History of Women Working in Three Dimensions |date=1990 |publisher=G.K. Hall |isbn=978-0-8161-8732-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlsYAAAAIAAJ |access-date=14 January 2022 |language=en}} * {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|author1-link=Frances Willard|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|author2-link=Mary Livermore|title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Jean_Pond_Miner|edition=Public domain|year=1893|publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]]}} }} kuljyk7gvk5bp8gn0ige7tfezqm4prg 966814 966813 2026-10-12T13:29:28Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === * {{cite book |last1=Rubinstein |first1=Charlotte Streifer |title=American Women Sculptors: A History of Women Working in Three Dimensions |date=1990 |publisher=G.K. Hall |isbn=978-0-8161-8732-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlsYAAAAIAAJ |access-date=14 January 2022 |language=en}} * {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|author1-link=Frances Willard|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|author2-link=Mary Livermore|title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Jean_Pond_Miner|edition=Public domain|year=1893|publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]]}} }} 6sf34bp38hugz8tytb39ihuh7pjrsjq 966815 966814 2026-10-12T13:30:19Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jean Pond Miner Coburn'''[b] (1865{{Efn|{{harv|Willard|Livermore|1893|p=509}} claims the birth year to be 1866, while more recent sources give 1865.<ref name="Bletzinger1976" /><ref name="WHS" />}}-1967) a Menasha, Wisconsin . Ta yi karatu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, kuma ta fi shahara da aikinta na 1893 Forward . {{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jean Pond Miner a Menasha, Wisconsin, a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1866. Iyayenta sune Rev. H. A. Miner, malamin Congregationalist da Harriet Pond Rice . A farkon rayuwarta iyalin suka koma Madison, Wisconsin. A lokacin karatunta an san ta a tsakanin abokan karatunta a matsayin mai zane mai ƙarfi.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}}Bayan shekaru biyu a matsayin dalibi na musamman a Kwalejin Downer, ta tafi [[Chicago]] kuma ta fara karatunta na fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago tare da Lorado Taft, inda ta sami sha'awar zane-zane.{{Sfn|Rubinstein|1990}}Bayan ta yi aiki watanni uku kawai ta dauki girmamawa ta biyu na ma'aikata. Ba da daɗewa ba, an nemi ta a matsayin malami, kuma a ƙarshen shekara ta karɓi matsayi a matsayin malamin ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} == Ayyuka == [[File:Forward_–_Wisconsin_Women's_Memorial_of_the_Columbian_Exposition.jpg|thumb|Kayan mutum-mutumi na Coburn na 1893 a Madison, Wisconsin (asalin da aka motsa a 1996 don adanawa) ]] Hotonta Hope ''Fata'' daga cikin na farko da ya sadu da karbuwa kuma an sanya shi a makarantar McCowen Oral, a Englewood, Chicago. Kungiyar zane-zane ta mata (wanda aka fi sani da The Palette Club) ta amince da aikinta kuma ta ba ta girmamawa na kasancewa memba mai aiki, kuma an yi bikin ''Wisconsin'' a cikin gida. Kungiyar ta musamman ta shirya don baje kolin duniya na Columbian na 1893 an kira ta Leave-Taking . {{Sfn|Willard|Livermore|1893}} A lokacin baje kolin, Miner da Helen Farnsworth Mears dukansu an kira su masu zane-zane a Ginin Wisconsin. A wannan lokacin, an ba da izinin Miner don ƙirƙirar aikin fasaha wanda ke wakiltar jihar. Sakamakon shi ne mafi shahararren aikinta, Forward, wanda daga baya aka ba shi girmamawa na wani matsayi a Wisconsin State Capitol . <ref name="WHS">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2006 |title='Forward' Statue |url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS2752 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Wisconsin Historical Society |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Jean Pond Miner ya auri lauya Alonzo John Coburn a shekara ta 1896. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya, Miner Thompson Coburn . == Manazarta == {{Notelist}} === Bayani === === Bayanan littattafai === * {{cite book |last1=Rubinstein |first1=Charlotte Streifer |title=American Women Sculptors: A History of Women Working in Three Dimensions |date=1990 |publisher=G.K. Hall |isbn=978-0-8161-8732-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zlsYAAAAIAAJ |access-date=14 January 2022 |language=en}} * {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|author1-link=Frances Willard|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|author2-link=Mary Livermore|title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Jean_Pond_Miner|edition=Public domain|year=1893|publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]]}} }} bk13ecbq7m51rjd3869q5z3lcr6irir 0 179065 966817 2026-10-12T13:35:48Z Beehra 15944 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1179849648|Charikawi]]" 966817 wikitext text/x-wiki   Charikawi rawa ce ta gargajiya ta al’ummar Garifuna, wadda ke nuna labarin wani mafarauci da ya haɗu da wani mutumin kogo da saniya. Haka kuma, kalmar tana iya nufin kiɗan da ake yi yayin wannan rawa. == Bayanan da aka ambata == rjj65czg8np66wlprskbujx7lx6jzz6 966824 966817 2026-10-12T13:41:24Z Beehra 15944 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 966824 wikitext text/x-wiki   Charikawi rawa ce ta gargajiya ta al’ummar Garifuna, wadda ke nuna labarin wani mafarauci da ya haɗu da wani mutumin kogo da saniya. Haka kuma, kalmar tana iya nufin kiɗan da ake yi yayin wannan rawa. == Manazarta == c0iowsv8h2w0xls6kghei49y5rj6tmp 966826 966824 2026-10-12T13:42:34Z Beehra 15944 966826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Charikawi rawa ce ta gargajiya ta al’ummar Garifuna, wadda ke nuna labarin wani mafarauci da ya haɗu da wani mutumin kogo da saniya. Haka kuma, kalmar tana iya nufin kiɗan da ake yi yayin wannan rawa. == Manazarta == jpbjkjgv9yc1vwlnjtdof34u33lqa7p 966837 966826 2026-10-12T14:09:29Z Beehra 15944 966837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charikawi''' rawa ce ta gargajiya ta al’ummar Garifuna, wadda ke nuna labarin wani mafarauci da ya haɗu da wani mutumin kogo da saniya. Haka kuma, kalmar tana iya nufin kiɗan da ake yi yayin wannan rawa. == Manazarta == rep94j0bbh494fo9yji9b2muhax46gk 0 179066 966819 2026-10-12T13:39:06Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371973487|Arthur T. Ippen]]" 966819 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Arthur Thomas Ippen''' (Yuli 28, 1907 - Afrilu 5, 1974) masanin ilimin ruwa ne kuma injiniya kuma Farfesa ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Massachusetts . An haife shi ga iyayen Jamus, ya halarci makarantar sakandare da kwaleji a Aachen, Jamus inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin Injiniya a 1931. Daga nan sai ya dauki tallafin karatu na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya don yin karatu a Jami'ar Iowa amma bayan mai ba da shawara na digiri, [[Floyd Nagler]], ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, Ippen ya koma Caltech don kammala Ph.D. Ayyukansa na digiri, wanda Theodore von Kármán da [[Robert T. Knapp]] ke kula da shi, ya bincika jigilar sediment da kuma ya wakilci ci gaban Amurka na farko na kwatankwacin sauti zuwa kwararar ƙasa. Ippen ya dauki nadin sa na farko a Jami'ar Lehigh a 1938 kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya karbi matsayi a MIT a 1945. Yayinda yake a MIT, ya karɓi Laboratory na Hydrodynamics na yanzu kuma ya gina shirin bincike na ɗaliban digiri na ma'aikata waɗanda ke nazarin [[Sonic analogy|kwatankwacin sauti]], kwararar lokaci, kayan aiki, turbulence, cavitation, raƙuman ruwa, kwararru, da jigilar turɓaya. Gidan gwaje-gwaje ya fadada kuma ya zama [[Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics]]. Ippen ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Binciken Hydraulic, an zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1967 da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, kuma ya sami digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Toulouse, Jami'ar Karlsruhe, da Jami'ar Manchester. Ya auri Elisabeth Wagenplatz yayin da yake Caltech kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Erich Peter da Karin Ann . Erich P. Ippen farfesa ne na injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar lissafi a MIT kuma ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa. Elisabeth ta mutu a shekara ta 1953 kuma Ippen ta auri Ruth Calvert a shekara ta 1955. == Manazarta == * {{Cite web |last=Hunter Rouse |title=Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 1 (1979) |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=578&chapselect=yo&page=127 |access-date=2007-04-22 |publisher=National Academies Press}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1907]] 3ckhxlwmfnwegsqqblk6ltms8wy57nn 966821 966819 2026-10-12T13:41:04Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Thomas Ippen''' (Yuli 28, 1907 - Afrilu 5, 1974) masanin ilimin ruwa ne kuma injiniya kuma Farfesa ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Massachusetts . An haife shi ga iyayen Jamus, ya halarci makarantar sakandare da kwaleji a Aachen, Jamus inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin Injiniya a 1931. Daga nan sai ya dauki tallafin karatu na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya don yin karatu a Jami'ar Iowa amma bayan mai ba da shawara na digiri, [[Floyd Nagler]], ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, Ippen ya koma Caltech don kammala Ph.D. Ayyukansa na digiri, wanda Theodore von Kármán da [[Robert T. Knapp]] ke kula da shi, ya bincika jigilar sediment da kuma ya wakilci ci gaban Amurka na farko na kwatankwacin sauti zuwa kwararar ƙasa. Ippen ya dauki nadin sa na farko a Jami'ar Lehigh a 1938 kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya karbi matsayi a MIT a 1945. Yayinda yake a MIT, ya karɓi Laboratory na Hydrodynamics na yanzu kuma ya gina shirin bincike na ɗaliban digiri na ma'aikata waɗanda ke nazarin [[Sonic analogy|kwatankwacin sauti]], kwararar lokaci, kayan aiki, turbulence, cavitation, raƙuman ruwa, kwararru, da jigilar turɓaya. Gidan gwaje-gwaje ya fadada kuma ya zama [[Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics]]. Ippen ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Binciken Hydraulic, an zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1967 da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, kuma ya sami digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Toulouse, Jami'ar Karlsruhe, da Jami'ar Manchester. Ya auri Elisabeth Wagenplatz yayin da yake Caltech kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Erich Peter da Karin Ann . Erich P. Ippen farfesa ne na injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar lissafi a MIT kuma ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa. Elisabeth ta mutu a shekara ta 1953 kuma Ippen ta auri Ruth Calvert a shekara ta 1955. == Manazarta == * {{Cite web |last=Hunter Rouse |title=Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 1 (1979) |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=578&chapselect=yo&page=127 |access-date=2007-04-22 |publisher=National Academies Press}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1907]] 4g7e43rm0724q42skfe6whe5i4708jz 966827 966821 2026-10-12T13:42:35Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Arthur Thomas Ippen''' (Yuli 28, 1907 - Afrilu 5, 1974) masanin ilimin ruwa ne kuma injiniya kuma Farfesa ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Massachusetts . An haife shi ga iyayen Jamus, ya halarci makarantar sakandare da kwaleji a Aachen, Jamus inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin Injiniya a 1931. Daga nan sai ya dauki tallafin karatu na Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya don yin karatu a Jami'ar Iowa amma bayan mai ba da shawara na digiri, [[Floyd Nagler]], ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, Ippen ya koma Caltech don kammala Ph.D. Ayyukansa na digiri, wanda Theodore von Kármán da [[Robert T. Knapp]] ke kula da shi, ya bincika jigilar sediment da kuma ya wakilci ci gaban Amurka na farko na kwatankwacin sauti zuwa kwararar ƙasa. Ippen ya dauki nadin sa na farko a Jami'ar Lehigh a 1938 kuma ya kasance a can har sai da ya karbi matsayi a MIT a 1945. Yayinda yake a MIT, ya karɓi Laboratory na Hydrodynamics na yanzu kuma ya gina shirin bincike na ɗaliban digiri na ma'aikata waɗanda ke nazarin [[Sonic analogy|kwatankwacin sauti]], kwararar lokaci, kayan aiki, turbulence, cavitation, raƙuman ruwa, kwararru, da jigilar turɓaya. Gidan gwaje-gwaje ya fadada kuma ya zama [[Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and Hydrodynamics]]. Ippen ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Binciken Hydraulic, an zabe shi zuwa Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1967 da Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka, kuma ya sami digirin digirin digirgir na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Toulouse, Jami'ar Karlsruhe, da Jami'ar Manchester. Ya auri Elisabeth Wagenplatz yayin da yake Caltech kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Erich Peter da Karin Ann . Erich P. Ippen farfesa ne na injiniyan lantarki da kimiyyar lissafi a MIT kuma ɗan'uwan Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa. Elisabeth ta mutu a shekara ta 1953 kuma Ippen ta auri Ruth Calvert a shekara ta 1955. == Manazarta == * {{Cite web |last=Hunter Rouse |title=Memorial Tributes: National Academy of Engineering, Volume 1 (1979) |url=http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=578&chapselect=yo&page=127 |access-date=2007-04-22 |publisher=National Academies Press}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1907]] qqindy4ndcbuegf40z1es2ofmhfwu6x 0 179067 966838 2026-10-12T14:15:21Z Beehra 15944 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328969423|Sue Perlgut]]" 966838 wikitext text/x-wiki Sue Perlgut 'yar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba. Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nxfj5nlry80li5ihd2x32q2u1ta26it 966839 966838 2026-10-12T14:15:56Z Beehra 15944 966839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut 'yar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba. Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pjs92fzf00jxctb2avyrcfi6chvfu8l 966841 966839 2026-10-12T14:17:13Z Beehra 15944 966841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut 'yar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Sourcebook of Feminist Theatre and Performance: On and Beyond the Stage|last=|first=|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Carol|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras|last=Rajan|first=V.G. Julie|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781351916103|location=|pages=19}}</ref> Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] k8h2l080vahfwhi8dwded8ehzef7my0 966842 966841 2026-10-12T14:18:19Z Beehra 15944 966842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut 'yar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Abortion & Life|last=Baumgardner|first=Jennifer|publisher=Akashic|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Sourcebook of Feminist Theatre and Performance: On and Beyond the Stage|last=|first=|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Carol|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras|last=Rajan|first=V.G. Julie|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781351916103|location=|pages=19}}</ref> Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9w3t1hqb01943ftm28prt7wwfx32ysx 966843 966842 2026-10-12T14:18:51Z Beehra 15944 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 966843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut 'yar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Abortion & Life|last=Baumgardner|first=Jennifer|publisher=Akashic|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Sourcebook of Feminist Theatre and Performance: On and Beyond the Stage|last=|first=|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Carol|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras|last=Rajan|first=V.G. Julie|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781351916103|location=|pages=19}}</ref> Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t9jixjo4nf4bipy6pl13mpx38q0vm6e 966844 966843 2026-10-12T14:20:07Z Beehra 15944 966844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut ƴar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Abortion & Life|last=Baumgardner|first=Jennifer|publisher=Akashic|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Sourcebook of Feminist Theatre and Performance: On and Beyond the Stage|last=|first=|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Carol|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras|last=Rajan|first=V.G. Julie|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781351916103|location=|pages=19}}</ref> Perlgut ya yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin New York. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kbc0rnwd0cn2bede9tsdlwy45i8qz2u 966845 966844 2026-10-12T14:21:41Z Beehra 15944 966845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Sue Perlgut ƴar mata ce ta biyu wacce ta kasance muhimmiyar mutum a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na It's All Right To Be Woman, <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Abortion & Life|last=Baumgardner|first=Jennifer|publisher=Akashic|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata da aka kafa a 1970 a Birnin New York wacce ke aiki ba tare da darektan ba.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A Sourcebook of Feminist Theatre and Performance: On and Beyond the Stage|last=|first=|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=|editor-last=Martin|editor-first=Carol|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Myth and Violence in the Contemporary Female Text: New Cassandras|last=Rajan|first=V.G. Julie|publisher=Routledge|year=2011|isbn=9781351916103|location=|pages=19}}</ref> Perlgut ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo na ilimi kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta, mai wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo, malami, Mai kula da zane-zane, da kuma furodusa. Perlgut ya koyar da wasan kwaikwayo a Kwalejin Richmond da kuma Birnin '''New York'''. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mutane na farko da suka ba da shawarar cewa mata su furta zubar da ciki a fili, wanda ya haifar da motsi na #ShoutYourAbortion . Mai shi: Kusa da Home Productions, CloseToHomeProductions.com Darakta: Shirin Hikimar Mata, facebook.com/WomensWisdomProject Darakta: Yana da 'yancin zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mace, [[ItsAllRightToBeWomanTheatre.com]] Darakta: Mata masu zane-zane suna da Sayarsu, Mata masu zane Darakta: Connie Cook, A Documentary, ConnieCookFilm.com == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] adu7u6wrpsz1z505rqm56aad2cd4fr7 3 179068 966847 2026-10-12T14:29:54Z Manchiu 28957 Manchiu moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Mizuchan0715]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Laviewcake]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Mizuchan0715|Mizuchan0715]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Laviewcake|Laviewcake]]" 966847 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Laviewcake]] 7k7unl1e4bz2g765ulailsnis6k5654 0 179069 966857 2026-10-12T15:20:04Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345670340|Arnošt Zvi Ehrman]]" 966857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Arnošt Zvi Ehrman''' (1914-1976) ya kasance malamin Orthodox na Czech wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin editan ''Talmud El Am'' . Bugu da kari, gudummawar da ya bayar a kan dokar Yahudawa ta bayyana a cikin labarai da yawa da takardun taron kan batun. Bernard Jackson ya rubuta game da "bashin da ilimin zamani a cikin dokar Yahudawa ke bin sa". == Tarihin rayuwa == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Ehrman a shekara ta 1914 a Austria-Hungary (a cikin abin da ya zama Czechoslovakia a shekara ta 1918). Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva a Kleinwardein (yanzu Kisvárda, Hungary) kuma, a 1932, ya tafi ya zauna a [[Switzerland]], inda ya zauna har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara karatu a Yeshiva a Baden sannan kuma a Jami'ar Bern, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyya da Shari'a (Rer.Pol. da Dr Jur.) Bayan yakin, Ehrman ya tafi Ingila kuma ya sami Rabbinical <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Semicha</i></nowiki> (tsarkakewa) daga Kwalejin Yahudawa, London, a 1947. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Isra'ila . Ehrman ya yi aiki a matsayin Rabbi a cikin al'ummomin [[Nairobi]], Kenya da [[Bristol]], Ingila a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma Streatham, London da Watford a cikin shekarun 1970. A tsakanin, ya zauna a Isra'ila tare da iyalinsa, yana Hakki da farko ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini, sannan a matsayin Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Shari'ar Yahudawa, yana ba da lissafin alhakin Rosh; daga 1965, ya yi aiki a kan littafinsa na ''Talmud El Am'' . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarai da yawa ga Encyclopaedia Judaica . Ehrman ya mutu a Ingila a shekara ta 1976. == Talmud El Am == A cikin shekarun 1960 an ga Talmud a matsayin "littafin da aka rufe ga yawancin Yahudawa", in ji Ehrman. Ya ci gaba da cewa manufar wannan sabon fitowar ita ce "don buɗe wannan ƙarar da aka rufe kuma ya miƙa shi ga kowane gidan Yahudawa a cikin harshe kuma a hanyar da za a iya fahimta ga kowa; da kuma ba wa wanda ba Bayahude ba damar sanin kansa da dukiyar addinin Yahudanci da ke ciki". A lokacin, yin Talmud ga masu magana da Ingilishi ta wannan hanyar ya zama sananne. Shekaru da yawa kafin a sami irin wannan kasuwancin (alal misali ta hanyar Steinsaltz da Schottenstein editions). Talmud El Am ya buga rubutun asali, tare da fassarar Ehrman. Da ke ƙasa da rubutun shine Commentary, wanda ke bayyana rubutun da (musamman) nassoshin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki; Rubutun Ehrman ya haɗa da Commentaries na Talmud na gargajiya da kuma ilimin zamani. An rubuta Commentary a matsayin rubutu mai ci gaba, don duk wanda bai saba da Talmud ba zai iya koyo. Yankunan suna ɗauke da labarai game da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa na musamman da rubutun ya kawo. Wadannan 'Realia' an rubuta su ne ta hanyar hukumomi na zamani a kan batutuwa kamar takamaiman al'adu, ilimin harshe, doka, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da zane-zane. Ana kuma ba da bayanin kula game da ''Tannaim'' da ''Amoraim'' a nan, kamar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan Sages suka kasance a cikin rubutun. Talmud El Am edition ya ƙunshi Tractate Berakhot, surori daga Bava Metzia (Hammaphqid da Hazzahav), da kuma sashin halachic na babi na buɗewa na Kiddushin (29 Talmudic pages). Hazzahav ya kara da Talmud na Urushalima - wanda Rabbi Farfesa Daniel Sperber ya shirya - a ƙarshen rubutun Babila. Ƙarshen Berakhot shine aikin Rabbi Dr Alexander Carlebach, wanda ya karɓi edita zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Ehrman. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Uber das Wesen und die Wirkungen der Zollunion, insbesonders uber de Frage in wieweit die Staatssouveranitat durch die Zollunion beeintrachtigt wird''. (Taskar Dokta). W.Friedli, Bern 1942 * ''Daga hannun jari. Eine kleine Talmudisch-rechtliche Studie.'' W.Friedfli Bern 1945 * 'The Talmudic Concept of Sale', Journal of Jewish Studies, VIII/3-4, 1957 * 'Binciken Kirista a cikin Rabbinics: John Selden (1584-1654) ', Labarin Kirista Daga Isra'ila,13/1. 1962 * 'Jima'i na Jama'a a cikin Dokar Yahudawa: Babi daga Selden's "De Successionibus", Labaran Kirista daga Isra'ila, 13/3-4, 1962 * 'Antichresis a cikin Talmud' (Ibrananci tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci), Sinai, 54/4-5, 1964 * 'The Order of Succession in Jewish Law - Selden against Origen' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Hudu na Nazarin Yahudawa, Vol.1, Urushalima 1967 * 'Tunanin a cikin Dokar Yahudawa da Dokar Ingilishi' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Biyar na Nazarin Yahudawa, vol. III Urushalima, 1972 * 'Praetium justum da laesio enormis a cikin Romawa da Yahudawa', The Jewish Law Annual, 3, 1980 * 'Fidei laesio in Jewish Law', takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na shida na Nazarin Yahudawa, Urushalima 1973 * Editan Talmud El Am (cf shigarwa daban a sama), Urushalima-Tel Aviv, 1965-1976 * Labarai a cikin Encyclopaedia Judaica: Antichresis, Asmakhta, Berakhoth, Conditions, Eduyoth, Kerithoth, Kinnim, Kethuboth, Horayoth, Kiddushin, Me'ila, Middoth, Menachoth, Megillah, Mo'ed Katan, Pesachim, Sanhedrin, Rosh Hashanah, Shekalim, Shabbath, Shevu'oth, Shevi'ith, So, Temurah, Tamid. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] e8nqjsitawyuixl5d48vxn9b4h8v1ch 966858 966857 2026-10-12T15:20:34Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnošt Zvi Ehrman''' (1914-1976) ya kasance malamin Orthodox na Czech wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin editan ''Talmud El Am'' . Bugu da kari, gudummawar da ya bayar a kan dokar Yahudawa ta bayyana a cikin labarai da yawa da takardun taron kan batun. Bernard Jackson ya rubuta game da "bashin da ilimin zamani a cikin dokar Yahudawa ke bin sa". == Tarihin rayuwa == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Ehrman a shekara ta 1914 a Austria-Hungary (a cikin abin da ya zama Czechoslovakia a shekara ta 1918). Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva a Kleinwardein (yanzu Kisvárda, Hungary) kuma, a 1932, ya tafi ya zauna a [[Switzerland]], inda ya zauna har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara karatu a Yeshiva a Baden sannan kuma a Jami'ar Bern, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyya da Shari'a (Rer.Pol. da Dr Jur.) Bayan yakin, Ehrman ya tafi Ingila kuma ya sami Rabbinical <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Semicha</i></nowiki> (tsarkakewa) daga Kwalejin Yahudawa, London, a 1947. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Isra'ila . Ehrman ya yi aiki a matsayin Rabbi a cikin al'ummomin [[Nairobi]], Kenya da [[Bristol]], Ingila a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma Streatham, London da Watford a cikin shekarun 1970. A tsakanin, ya zauna a Isra'ila tare da iyalinsa, yana Hakki da farko ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini, sannan a matsayin Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Shari'ar Yahudawa, yana ba da lissafin alhakin Rosh; daga 1965, ya yi aiki a kan littafinsa na ''Talmud El Am'' . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarai da yawa ga Encyclopaedia Judaica . Ehrman ya mutu a Ingila a shekara ta 1976. == Talmud El Am == A cikin shekarun 1960 an ga Talmud a matsayin "littafin da aka rufe ga yawancin Yahudawa", in ji Ehrman. Ya ci gaba da cewa manufar wannan sabon fitowar ita ce "don buɗe wannan ƙarar da aka rufe kuma ya miƙa shi ga kowane gidan Yahudawa a cikin harshe kuma a hanyar da za a iya fahimta ga kowa; da kuma ba wa wanda ba Bayahude ba damar sanin kansa da dukiyar addinin Yahudanci da ke ciki". A lokacin, yin Talmud ga masu magana da Ingilishi ta wannan hanyar ya zama sananne. Shekaru da yawa kafin a sami irin wannan kasuwancin (alal misali ta hanyar Steinsaltz da Schottenstein editions). Talmud El Am ya buga rubutun asali, tare da fassarar Ehrman. Da ke ƙasa da rubutun shine Commentary, wanda ke bayyana rubutun da (musamman) nassoshin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki; Rubutun Ehrman ya haɗa da Commentaries na Talmud na gargajiya da kuma ilimin zamani. An rubuta Commentary a matsayin rubutu mai ci gaba, don duk wanda bai saba da Talmud ba zai iya koyo. Yankunan suna ɗauke da labarai game da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa na musamman da rubutun ya kawo. Wadannan 'Realia' an rubuta su ne ta hanyar hukumomi na zamani a kan batutuwa kamar takamaiman al'adu, ilimin harshe, doka, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da zane-zane. Ana kuma ba da bayanin kula game da ''Tannaim'' da ''Amoraim'' a nan, kamar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan Sages suka kasance a cikin rubutun. Talmud El Am edition ya ƙunshi Tractate Berakhot, surori daga Bava Metzia (Hammaphqid da Hazzahav), da kuma sashin halachic na babi na buɗewa na Kiddushin (29 Talmudic pages). Hazzahav ya kara da Talmud na Urushalima - wanda Rabbi Farfesa Daniel Sperber ya shirya - a ƙarshen rubutun Babila. Ƙarshen Berakhot shine aikin Rabbi Dr Alexander Carlebach, wanda ya karɓi edita zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Ehrman. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Uber das Wesen und die Wirkungen der Zollunion, insbesonders uber de Frage in wieweit die Staatssouveranitat durch die Zollunion beeintrachtigt wird''. (Taskar Dokta). W.Friedli, Bern 1942 * ''Daga hannun jari. Eine kleine Talmudisch-rechtliche Studie.'' W.Friedfli Bern 1945 * 'The Talmudic Concept of Sale', Journal of Jewish Studies, VIII/3-4, 1957 * 'Binciken Kirista a cikin Rabbinics: John Selden (1584-1654) ', Labarin Kirista Daga Isra'ila,13/1. 1962 * 'Jima'i na Jama'a a cikin Dokar Yahudawa: Babi daga Selden's "De Successionibus", Labaran Kirista daga Isra'ila, 13/3-4, 1962 * 'Antichresis a cikin Talmud' (Ibrananci tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci), Sinai, 54/4-5, 1964 * 'The Order of Succession in Jewish Law - Selden against Origen' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Hudu na Nazarin Yahudawa, Vol.1, Urushalima 1967 * 'Tunanin a cikin Dokar Yahudawa da Dokar Ingilishi' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Biyar na Nazarin Yahudawa, vol. III Urushalima, 1972 * 'Praetium justum da laesio enormis a cikin Romawa da Yahudawa', The Jewish Law Annual, 3, 1980 * 'Fidei laesio in Jewish Law', takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na shida na Nazarin Yahudawa, Urushalima 1973 * Editan Talmud El Am (cf shigarwa daban a sama), Urushalima-Tel Aviv, 1965-1976 * Labarai a cikin Encyclopaedia Judaica: Antichresis, Asmakhta, Berakhoth, Conditions, Eduyoth, Kerithoth, Kinnim, Kethuboth, Horayoth, Kiddushin, Me'ila, Middoth, Menachoth, Megillah, Mo'ed Katan, Pesachim, Sanhedrin, Rosh Hashanah, Shekalim, Shabbath, Shevu'oth, Shevi'ith, So, Temurah, Tamid. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] tmuco7m1xyr5qkhxg1e3sbsdc7iq24w 966859 966858 2026-10-12T15:21:19Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnošt Zvi Ehrman''' (1914-1976) ya kasance malamin Orthodox na Czech wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin editan ''Talmud El Am'' . Bugu da kari, gudummawar da ya bayar a kan dokar Yahudawa ta bayyana a cikin labarai da yawa da takardun taron kan batun. Bernard Jackson ya rubuta game da "bashin da ilimin zamani a cikin dokar Yahudawa ke bin sa".<ref>''The Jewish Law Annual'' 3, 1980</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Ehrman a shekara ta 1914 a Austria-Hungary (a cikin abin da ya zama Czechoslovakia a shekara ta 1918). Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva a Kleinwardein (yanzu Kisvárda, Hungary) kuma, a 1932, ya tafi ya zauna a [[Switzerland]], inda ya zauna har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara karatu a Yeshiva a Baden sannan kuma a Jami'ar Bern, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyya da Shari'a (Rer.Pol. da Dr Jur.) Bayan yakin, Ehrman ya tafi Ingila kuma ya sami Rabbinical <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Semicha</i></nowiki> (tsarkakewa) daga Kwalejin Yahudawa, London, a 1947. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Isra'ila . Ehrman ya yi aiki a matsayin Rabbi a cikin al'ummomin [[Nairobi]], Kenya da [[Bristol]], Ingila a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma Streatham, London da Watford a cikin shekarun 1970. A tsakanin, ya zauna a Isra'ila tare da iyalinsa, yana Hakki da farko ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini, sannan a matsayin Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Shari'ar Yahudawa, yana ba da lissafin alhakin Rosh; daga 1965, ya yi aiki a kan littafinsa na ''Talmud El Am'' . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarai da yawa ga Encyclopaedia Judaica . Ehrman ya mutu a Ingila a shekara ta 1976. == Talmud El Am == A cikin shekarun 1960 an ga Talmud a matsayin "littafin da aka rufe ga yawancin Yahudawa", in ji Ehrman. Ya ci gaba da cewa manufar wannan sabon fitowar ita ce "don buɗe wannan ƙarar da aka rufe kuma ya miƙa shi ga kowane gidan Yahudawa a cikin harshe kuma a hanyar da za a iya fahimta ga kowa; da kuma ba wa wanda ba Bayahude ba damar sanin kansa da dukiyar addinin Yahudanci da ke ciki". A lokacin, yin Talmud ga masu magana da Ingilishi ta wannan hanyar ya zama sananne. Shekaru da yawa kafin a sami irin wannan kasuwancin (alal misali ta hanyar Steinsaltz da Schottenstein editions). Talmud El Am ya buga rubutun asali, tare da fassarar Ehrman. Da ke ƙasa da rubutun shine Commentary, wanda ke bayyana rubutun da (musamman) nassoshin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki; Rubutun Ehrman ya haɗa da Commentaries na Talmud na gargajiya da kuma ilimin zamani. An rubuta Commentary a matsayin rubutu mai ci gaba, don duk wanda bai saba da Talmud ba zai iya koyo. Yankunan suna ɗauke da labarai game da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa na musamman da rubutun ya kawo. Wadannan 'Realia' an rubuta su ne ta hanyar hukumomi na zamani a kan batutuwa kamar takamaiman al'adu, ilimin harshe, doka, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da zane-zane. Ana kuma ba da bayanin kula game da ''Tannaim'' da ''Amoraim'' a nan, kamar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan Sages suka kasance a cikin rubutun. Talmud El Am edition ya ƙunshi Tractate Berakhot, surori daga Bava Metzia (Hammaphqid da Hazzahav), da kuma sashin halachic na babi na buɗewa na Kiddushin (29 Talmudic pages). Hazzahav ya kara da Talmud na Urushalima - wanda Rabbi Farfesa Daniel Sperber ya shirya - a ƙarshen rubutun Babila. Ƙarshen Berakhot shine aikin Rabbi Dr Alexander Carlebach, wanda ya karɓi edita zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Ehrman. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Uber das Wesen und die Wirkungen der Zollunion, insbesonders uber de Frage in wieweit die Staatssouveranitat durch die Zollunion beeintrachtigt wird''. (Taskar Dokta). W.Friedli, Bern 1942 * ''Daga hannun jari. Eine kleine Talmudisch-rechtliche Studie.'' W.Friedfli Bern 1945 * 'The Talmudic Concept of Sale', Journal of Jewish Studies, VIII/3-4, 1957 * 'Binciken Kirista a cikin Rabbinics: John Selden (1584-1654) ', Labarin Kirista Daga Isra'ila,13/1. 1962 * 'Jima'i na Jama'a a cikin Dokar Yahudawa: Babi daga Selden's "De Successionibus", Labaran Kirista daga Isra'ila, 13/3-4, 1962 * 'Antichresis a cikin Talmud' (Ibrananci tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci), Sinai, 54/4-5, 1964 * 'The Order of Succession in Jewish Law - Selden against Origen' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Hudu na Nazarin Yahudawa, Vol.1, Urushalima 1967 * 'Tunanin a cikin Dokar Yahudawa da Dokar Ingilishi' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Biyar na Nazarin Yahudawa, vol. III Urushalima, 1972 * 'Praetium justum da laesio enormis a cikin Romawa da Yahudawa', The Jewish Law Annual, 3, 1980 * 'Fidei laesio in Jewish Law', takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na shida na Nazarin Yahudawa, Urushalima 1973 * Editan Talmud El Am (cf shigarwa daban a sama), Urushalima-Tel Aviv, 1965-1976 * Labarai a cikin Encyclopaedia Judaica: Antichresis, Asmakhta, Berakhoth, Conditions, Eduyoth, Kerithoth, Kinnim, Kethuboth, Horayoth, Kiddushin, Me'ila, Middoth, Menachoth, Megillah, Mo'ed Katan, Pesachim, Sanhedrin, Rosh Hashanah, Shekalim, Shabbath, Shevu'oth, Shevi'ith, So, Temurah, Tamid. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] slsrfte26lfsm2hfiaoms0ce6rgtcn2 966860 966859 2026-10-12T15:21:49Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 966860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnošt Zvi Ehrman''' (1914-1976) ya kasance malamin Orthodox na Czech wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin editan ''Talmud El Am'' . Bugu da kari, gudummawar da ya bayar a kan dokar Yahudawa ta bayyana a cikin labarai da yawa da takardun taron kan batun. Bernard Jackson ya rubuta game da "bashin da ilimin zamani a cikin dokar Yahudawa ke bin sa".<ref>''The Jewish Law Annual'' 3, 1980</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ehrman a shekara ta 1914 a Austria-Hungary (a cikin abin da ya zama Czechoslovakia a shekara ta 1918). Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva a Kleinwardein (yanzu Kisvárda, Hungary) kuma, a 1932, ya tafi ya zauna a [[Switzerland]], inda ya zauna har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara karatu a Yeshiva a Baden sannan kuma a Jami'ar Bern, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyya da Shari'a (Rer.Pol. da Dr Jur.) Bayan yakin, Ehrman ya tafi Ingila kuma ya sami Rabbinical <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Semicha</i></nowiki> (tsarkakewa) daga Kwalejin Yahudawa, London, a 1947. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Isra'ila . Ehrman ya yi aiki a matsayin Rabbi a cikin al'ummomin [[Nairobi]], Kenya da [[Bristol]], Ingila a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma Streatham, London da Watford a cikin shekarun 1970. A tsakanin, ya zauna a Isra'ila tare da iyalinsa, yana Hakki da farko ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini, sannan a matsayin Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Shari'ar Yahudawa, yana ba da lissafin alhakin Rosh; daga 1965, ya yi aiki a kan littafinsa na ''Talmud El Am'' . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarai da yawa ga Encyclopaedia Judaica . Ehrman ya mutu a Ingila a shekara ta 1976. == Talmud El Am == A cikin shekarun 1960 an ga Talmud a matsayin "littafin da aka rufe ga yawancin Yahudawa", in ji Ehrman. Ya ci gaba da cewa manufar wannan sabon fitowar ita ce "don buɗe wannan ƙarar da aka rufe kuma ya miƙa shi ga kowane gidan Yahudawa a cikin harshe kuma a hanyar da za a iya fahimta ga kowa; da kuma ba wa wanda ba Bayahude ba damar sanin kansa da dukiyar addinin Yahudanci da ke ciki". A lokacin, yin Talmud ga masu magana da Ingilishi ta wannan hanyar ya zama sananne. Shekaru da yawa kafin a sami irin wannan kasuwancin (alal misali ta hanyar Steinsaltz da Schottenstein editions). Talmud El Am ya buga rubutun asali, tare da fassarar Ehrman. Da ke ƙasa da rubutun shine Commentary, wanda ke bayyana rubutun da (musamman) nassoshin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki; Rubutun Ehrman ya haɗa da Commentaries na Talmud na gargajiya da kuma ilimin zamani. An rubuta Commentary a matsayin rubutu mai ci gaba, don duk wanda bai saba da Talmud ba zai iya koyo. Yankunan suna ɗauke da labarai game da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa na musamman da rubutun ya kawo. Wadannan 'Realia' an rubuta su ne ta hanyar hukumomi na zamani a kan batutuwa kamar takamaiman al'adu, ilimin harshe, doka, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da zane-zane. Ana kuma ba da bayanin kula game da ''Tannaim'' da ''Amoraim'' a nan, kamar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan Sages suka kasance a cikin rubutun. Talmud El Am edition ya ƙunshi Tractate Berakhot, surori daga Bava Metzia (Hammaphqid da Hazzahav), da kuma sashin halachic na babi na buɗewa na Kiddushin (29 Talmudic pages). Hazzahav ya kara da Talmud na Urushalima - wanda Rabbi Farfesa Daniel Sperber ya shirya - a ƙarshen rubutun Babila. Ƙarshen Berakhot shine aikin Rabbi Dr Alexander Carlebach, wanda ya karɓi edita zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Ehrman. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Uber das Wesen und die Wirkungen der Zollunion, insbesonders uber de Frage in wieweit die Staatssouveranitat durch die Zollunion beeintrachtigt wird''. (Taskar Dokta). W.Friedli, Bern 1942 * ''Daga hannun jari. Eine kleine Talmudisch-rechtliche Studie.'' W.Friedfli Bern 1945 * 'The Talmudic Concept of Sale', Journal of Jewish Studies, VIII/3-4, 1957 * 'Binciken Kirista a cikin Rabbinics: John Selden (1584-1654) ', Labarin Kirista Daga Isra'ila,13/1. 1962 * 'Jima'i na Jama'a a cikin Dokar Yahudawa: Babi daga Selden's "De Successionibus", Labaran Kirista daga Isra'ila, 13/3-4, 1962 * 'Antichresis a cikin Talmud' (Ibrananci tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci), Sinai, 54/4-5, 1964 * 'The Order of Succession in Jewish Law - Selden against Origen' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Hudu na Nazarin Yahudawa, Vol.1, Urushalima 1967 * 'Tunanin a cikin Dokar Yahudawa da Dokar Ingilishi' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Biyar na Nazarin Yahudawa, vol. III Urushalima, 1972 * 'Praetium justum da laesio enormis a cikin Romawa da Yahudawa', The Jewish Law Annual, 3, 1980 * 'Fidei laesio in Jewish Law', takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na shida na Nazarin Yahudawa, Urushalima 1973 * Editan Talmud El Am (cf shigarwa daban a sama), Urushalima-Tel Aviv, 1965-1976 * Labarai a cikin Encyclopaedia Judaica: Antichresis, Asmakhta, Berakhoth, Conditions, Eduyoth, Kerithoth, Kinnim, Kethuboth, Horayoth, Kiddushin, Me'ila, Middoth, Menachoth, Megillah, Mo'ed Katan, Pesachim, Sanhedrin, Rosh Hashanah, Shekalim, Shabbath, Shevu'oth, Shevi'ith, So, Temurah, Tamid. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] ey29xnl9t05sulyq9bg6e590tuk9285 966861 966860 2026-10-12T15:22:06Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 966861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Arnošt Zvi Ehrman''' (1914-1976) ya kasance malamin Orthodox na Czech wanda aka fi sani da aikinsa a matsayin editan ''Talmud El Am'' . Bugu da kari, gudummawar da ya bayar a kan dokar Yahudawa ta bayyana a cikin labarai da yawa da takardun taron kan batun. Bernard Jackson ya rubuta game da "bashin da ilimin zamani a cikin dokar Yahudawa ke bin sa".<ref>''The Jewish Law Annual'' 3, 1980</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ehrman a shekara ta 1914 a Austria-Hungary (a cikin abin da ya zama Czechoslovakia a shekara ta 1918). Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva a Kleinwardein (yanzu Kisvárda, Hungary) kuma, a 1932, ya tafi ya zauna a [[Switzerland]], inda ya zauna har zuwa karshen yakin duniya na biyu . Ya fara karatu a Yeshiva a Baden sannan kuma a Jami'ar Bern, inda ya sami digiri a Kimiyya da Shari'a (Rer.Pol. da Dr Jur.) Bayan yakin, Ehrman ya tafi Ingila kuma ya sami Rabbinical <nowiki><i id="mwGg">Semicha</i></nowiki> (tsarkakewa) daga Kwalejin Yahudawa, London, a 1947. Da yake ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila, ya zama memba na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Isra'ila . Ehrman ya yi aiki a matsayin Rabbi a cikin al'ummomin [[Nairobi]], Kenya da [[Bristol]], Ingila a cikin shekarun 1950 da kuma Streatham, London da Watford a cikin shekarun 1970. A tsakanin, ya zauna a Isra'ila tare da iyalinsa, yana Hakki da farko ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini, sannan a matsayin Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta Shari'ar Yahudawa, yana ba da lissafin alhakin Rosh; daga 1965, ya yi aiki a kan littafinsa na ''Talmud El Am'' . Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga labarai da yawa ga Encyclopaedia Judaica . Ehrman ya mutu a Ingila a shekara ta 1976. == Talmud El Am == A cikin shekarun 1960 an ga Talmud a matsayin "littafin da aka rufe ga yawancin Yahudawa", in ji Ehrman. Ya ci gaba da cewa manufar wannan sabon fitowar ita ce "don buɗe wannan ƙarar da aka rufe kuma ya miƙa shi ga kowane gidan Yahudawa a cikin harshe kuma a hanyar da za a iya fahimta ga kowa; da kuma ba wa wanda ba Bayahude ba damar sanin kansa da dukiyar addinin Yahudanci da ke ciki". A lokacin, yin Talmud ga masu magana da Ingilishi ta wannan hanyar ya zama sananne. Shekaru da yawa kafin a sami irin wannan kasuwancin (alal misali ta hanyar Steinsaltz da Schottenstein editions). Talmud El Am ya buga rubutun asali, tare da fassarar Ehrman. Da ke ƙasa da rubutun shine Commentary, wanda ke bayyana rubutun da (musamman) nassoshin Littafi Mai-Tsarki a ciki; Rubutun Ehrman ya haɗa da Commentaries na Talmud na gargajiya da kuma ilimin zamani. An rubuta Commentary a matsayin rubutu mai ci gaba, don duk wanda bai saba da Talmud ba zai iya koyo. Yankunan suna ɗauke da labarai game da abubuwan da ke da sha'awa na musamman da rubutun ya kawo. Wadannan 'Realia' an rubuta su ne ta hanyar hukumomi na zamani a kan batutuwa kamar takamaiman al'adu, ilimin harshe, doka, tsire-tsire da dabbobi, sau da yawa tare da zane-zane. Ana kuma ba da bayanin kula game da ''Tannaim'' da ''Amoraim'' a nan, kamar yadda kuma lokacin da waɗannan Sages suka kasance a cikin rubutun. Talmud El Am edition ya ƙunshi Tractate Berakhot, surori daga Bava Metzia (Hammaphqid da Hazzahav), da kuma sashin halachic na babi na buɗewa na Kiddushin (29 Talmudic pages). Hazzahav ya kara da Talmud na Urushalima - wanda Rabbi Farfesa Daniel Sperber ya shirya - a ƙarshen rubutun Babila. Ƙarshen Berakhot shine aikin Rabbi Dr Alexander Carlebach, wanda ya karɓi edita zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar Ehrman. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Uber das Wesen und die Wirkungen der Zollunion, insbesonders uber de Frage in wieweit die Staatssouveranitat durch die Zollunion beeintrachtigt wird''. (Taskar Dokta). W.Friedli, Bern 1942 * ''Daga hannun jari. Eine kleine Talmudisch-rechtliche Studie.'' W.Friedfli Bern 1945 * 'The Talmudic Concept of Sale', Journal of Jewish Studies, VIII/3-4, 1957 * 'Binciken Kirista a cikin Rabbinics: John Selden (1584-1654) ', Labarin Kirista Daga Isra'ila,13/1. 1962 * 'Jima'i na Jama'a a cikin Dokar Yahudawa: Babi daga Selden's "De Successionibus", Labaran Kirista daga Isra'ila, 13/3-4, 1962 * 'Antichresis a cikin Talmud' (Ibrananci tare da taƙaitaccen Turanci), Sinai, 54/4-5, 1964 * 'The Order of Succession in Jewish Law - Selden against Origen' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Hudu na Nazarin Yahudawa, Vol.1, Urushalima 1967 * 'Tunanin a cikin Dokar Yahudawa da Dokar Ingilishi' (Ibrananci), Takardun Taron Duniya na Biyar na Nazarin Yahudawa, vol. III Urushalima, 1972 * 'Praetium justum da laesio enormis a cikin Romawa da Yahudawa', The Jewish Law Annual, 3, 1980 * 'Fidei laesio in Jewish Law', takarda da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na shida na Nazarin Yahudawa, Urushalima 1973 * Editan Talmud El Am (cf shigarwa daban a sama), Urushalima-Tel Aviv, 1965-1976 * Labarai a cikin Encyclopaedia Judaica: Antichresis, Asmakhta, Berakhoth, Conditions, Eduyoth, Kerithoth, Kinnim, Kethuboth, Horayoth, Kiddushin, Me'ila, Middoth, Menachoth, Megillah, Mo'ed Katan, Pesachim, Sanhedrin, Rosh Hashanah, Shekalim, Shabbath, Shevu'oth, Shevi'ith, So, Temurah, Tamid. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] g0w43pz4oy6ilhw374aegg9x40xvy2y 0 179070 966868 2026-10-12T15:53:45Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1375124830|Istituto tecnico per le attività sociali]]" 966868 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Istituto_tecnico_per_attività_sociali.jpg|right|thumb| The ''istituto tecnico per le attività sociali Matteo Ricci'', in Macerata]] '''''Istituto tecnico per attività sociali''''' (a zahiri "cibiyar fasaha don ayyukan zamantakewa") nau'in cibiyar fasaha ce a Italiya . Bayan gyaran Gelmini, an haɗa shi da [[Tsarin fasaha na tattalin arziki|cibiyar tattalin arziki ta fasaha]] . Wannan cibiyar ta musamman ta ba da gudummawa, a Italiya da Switzerland, ga horar da manyan ma'aikata da manyan jami'ai a fannin tattalin arziki, <ref>[http://www4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DECS/DS/UOSP/download/2014_1015_Scuola_media_e_poi.pdf]{{Dead link|date=November 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> musamman dangane da alaƙar da ke tsakanin gudanarwa da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] da tsarin dokokinsu. == Tarihi == An kafa ta a shekarar 1931, an sake fasalinta a shekarun 1950, 1960, da kuma a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legge 15 giugno 1931, n. 889 |url=http://159.213.63.12/cdm_webif/media/giuri/prop/L_15_giu_31_n_889.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010101831/http://159.213.63.12/cdm_webif/media/giuri/prop/L_15_giu_31_n_889.htm |archive-date=2016-10-10 |access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Bayan gyaran Gelmini na 2010, saboda fannin da take da shi, an haɗa ta da Cibiyar Fasaha da Tattalin Arziki tare da ƙwarewa a fannin Gudanarwa, Kuɗi da Talla, yayin da wasu daga cikin manyan ƙwarewa aka mayar da su kai tsaye zuwa ilimin jami'a . Dalibai za su iya halartar ''makarantar sakandare'' bayan sun kammala karatun ''scuola media'' ( makarantar sakandare ) cikin nasara, kuma za su iya ci gaba zuwa kowace jami'a . A shekarar 2012, bisa ga wani bincike da aka gudanar a [[Yankunan Italiya|yankuna hudu na Italiya]] ta hanyar jaridar kasuwanci ta ''Il Sole 24 Ore'' da Gidauniyar Agnelli, an gano cewa akwai makarantun sakandare da dama da suka fi kyau a Lombardy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Lombardia 1 |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-200-300.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212547/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-200-300.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Lombardia 2 |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-300-400.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212800/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-300-400.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> Emilia-Romagna <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Emilia Romagna |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-emilia-100-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212430/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-emilia-100-160.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> da [[Calabria]] . == Tsarin gini == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ta tsara manhajar, kuma tana mai da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin gudanarwa, [[doka]], [[tattalin arziki]] da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] . Bayan kammala karatun biennium guda ɗaya, an raba kwas ɗin zuwa hanyoyi uku na musamman: <ref name="rousseau">{{Cite web |title=Istituto Rousseau, Profili professionali |url=http://www.istitutorousseau.net/istituto/pdf-pof/05-istituto-tecnico-per-le-attivit%C3%A0-sociali.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717101550/http://www.istitutorousseau.net/istituto/pdf-pof/05-istituto-tecnico-per-le-attivit%C3%A0-sociali.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-17 |access-date=2014-03-18}}</ref> * '''''Dirigenti di comunità''''' ("sarrafa al'umma"): yana da burin horar da ɗalibai waɗanda za su iya jagorantar, tsara, daidaita da kuma kula da wurare na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu samar da horo mai amfani da yawa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] da kuma ƙwarewar ka'ida da aiki ta [[Doka|fannin shari'a]] da gudanarwa . <ref name="mindir" /> A shekarar 2010, an sake wa hanyar suna "Cibiyar Fasaha da Tattalin Arziki tare da ƙwarewa a fannin Gudanarwa, Kuɗi da Talla". * '''''Economidietista''''' ("likitan abinci mai gina jiki"): an yi niyya ne don horar da masu fasaha ga ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa, suna ba da ilimin asali a [[Abinci mai gina jiki|fannin kimiyyar abinci mai gina jiki]], [[tsafta]], lissafi da ƙididdiga . * '''Janare''' ("na gaba ɗaya"): ta hanyar nazarin ilimin ɗan adam, manufarta ita ce horar da malamai da mataimaka ga nakasassu da kuma kula da ayyukan fasaha masu alaƙa. Ilimi da ake bayarwa yana ba da ilimi mai faɗi da kuma ƙwarewa ta musamman a fannin karatu (gudanarwa, gudanarwa, doka, ilimin ɗan adam), wanda galibi ana haɗa shi da horon aiki na watanni shida a kamfani, ƙungiya ko jami'a, a lokacin karatun na biyar da na ƙarshe. Ana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi karatu na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma su halarci makarantar daga shekara 14 zuwa 19. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyar, dukkan ɗalibai za su yi jarrabawar ''esame di maturità'' ("jarrabawar balaga"), wata babbar jarrabawa ta ƙarshe wadda ke ba da damar shiga kowace kwas a jami'a. Matsayin da aka bayar a ƙarshen babbar hanya shine difloma na sakandare tare da ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da gudanarwa ( ''diploma di istruzione secondaria superiore ad indirizzo tecnico attività sociali, specializzazione dirigenti di comunità'', wanda aka fassara a matsayin "difloma na sakandare a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da gudanarwa"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Istituto Manzoni Siena, Istituto tecnico attività sociali |url=http://www.manzonisiena.it/corsi/itas.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115105558/http://www.manzonisiena.it/corsi/itas.html |archive-date=2014-11-15 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == el7lt9mrf0br0uxht6tdoe3vy2hvrev 966870 966868 2026-10-12T15:54:15Z Arcdanumma047 38699 966870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Istituto_tecnico_per_attività_sociali.jpg|right|thumb| The ''istituto tecnico per le attività sociali Matteo Ricci'', in Macerata]] '''''Istituto tecnico per attività sociali''''' (a zahiri "cibiyar fasaha don ayyukan zamantakewa") nau'in cibiyar fasaha ce a Italiya . Bayan gyaran Gelmini, an haɗa shi da [[Tsarin fasaha na tattalin arziki|cibiyar tattalin arziki ta fasaha]] . Wannan cibiyar ta musamman ta ba da gudummawa, a Italiya da Switzerland, ga horar da manyan ma'aikata da manyan jami'ai a fannin tattalin arziki, <ref>[http://www4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DECS/DS/UOSP/download/2014_1015_Scuola_media_e_poi.pdf]{{Dead link|date=November 2017|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> musamman dangane da alaƙar da ke tsakanin gudanarwa da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] da tsarin dokokinsu. == Tarihi == An kafa ta a shekarar 1931, an sake fasalinta a shekarun 1950, 1960, da kuma a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legge 15 giugno 1931, n. 889 |url=http://159.213.63.12/cdm_webif/media/giuri/prop/L_15_giu_31_n_889.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010101831/http://159.213.63.12/cdm_webif/media/giuri/prop/L_15_giu_31_n_889.htm |archive-date=2016-10-10 |access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Bayan gyaran Gelmini na 2010, saboda fannin da take da shi, an haɗa ta da Cibiyar Fasaha da Tattalin Arziki tare da ƙwarewa a fannin Gudanarwa, Kuɗi da Talla, yayin da wasu daga cikin manyan ƙwarewa aka mayar da su kai tsaye zuwa ilimin jami'a . Dalibai za su iya halartar ''makarantar sakandare'' bayan sun kammala karatun ''scuola media'' ( makarantar sakandare ) cikin nasara, kuma za su iya ci gaba zuwa kowace jami'a . A shekarar 2012, bisa ga wani bincike da aka gudanar a [[Yankunan Italiya|yankuna hudu na Italiya]] ta hanyar jaridar kasuwanci ta ''Il Sole 24 Ore'' da Gidauniyar Agnelli, an gano cewa akwai makarantun sakandare da dama da suka fi kyau a Lombardy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Lombardia 1 |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-200-300.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212547/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-200-300.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Lombardia 2 |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-300-400.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212800/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-lombardia-300-400.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> Emilia-Romagna <ref>{{Cite web |title=Il Sole 24 Ore, Classica Emilia Romagna |url=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-emilia-100-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222212430/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/pdf2010/SoleOnLine5/_Oggetti_Correlati/Documenti/Notizie/2012/04/classifica-scuole-emilia-100-160.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-22 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> da [[Calabria]] . == Tsarin gini == Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ta tsara manhajar, kuma tana mai da hankali kan alaƙar da ke tsakanin gudanarwa, [[doka]], [[tattalin arziki]] da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]] . Bayan kammala karatun biennium guda ɗaya, an raba kwas ɗin zuwa hanyoyi uku na musamman: <ref name="rousseau">{{Cite web |title=Istituto Rousseau, Profili professionali |url=http://www.istitutorousseau.net/istituto/pdf-pof/05-istituto-tecnico-per-le-attivit%C3%A0-sociali.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717101550/http://www.istitutorousseau.net/istituto/pdf-pof/05-istituto-tecnico-per-le-attivit%C3%A0-sociali.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-17 |access-date=2014-03-18}}</ref> * '''''Dirigenti di comunità''''' ("sarrafa al'umma"): yana da burin horar da ɗalibai waɗanda za su iya jagorantar, tsara, daidaita da kuma kula da wurare na gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu samar da horo mai amfani da yawa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] da kuma ƙwarewar ka'ida da aiki ta [[Doka|fannin shari'a]] da gudanarwa . <ref name="mindir" /> A shekarar 2010, an sake wa hanyar suna "Cibiyar Fasaha da Tattalin Arziki tare da ƙwarewa a fannin Gudanarwa, Kuɗi da Talla". * '''''Economidietista''''' ("likitan abinci mai gina jiki"): an yi niyya ne don horar da masu fasaha ga ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin gwiwa, suna ba da ilimin asali a [[Abinci mai gina jiki|fannin kimiyyar abinci mai gina jiki]], [[tsafta]], lissafi da ƙididdiga . * '''Janare''' ("na gaba ɗaya"): ta hanyar nazarin ilimin ɗan adam, manufarta ita ce horar da malamai da mataimaka ga nakasassu da kuma kula da ayyukan fasaha masu alaƙa. Ilimi da ake bayarwa yana ba da ilimi mai faɗi da kuma ƙwarewa ta musamman a fannin karatu (gudanarwa, gudanarwa, doka, ilimin ɗan adam), wanda galibi ana haɗa shi da horon aiki na watanni shida a kamfani, ƙungiya ko jami'a, a lokacin karatun na biyar da na ƙarshe. Ana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi karatu na tsawon shekaru biyar, kuma su halarci makarantar daga shekara 14 zuwa 19. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyar, dukkan ɗalibai za su yi jarrabawar ''esame di maturità'' ("jarrabawar balaga"), wata babbar jarrabawa ta ƙarshe wadda ke ba da damar shiga kowace kwas a jami'a. Matsayin da aka bayar a ƙarshen babbar hanya shine difloma na sakandare tare da ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da gudanarwa ( ''diploma di istruzione secondaria superiore ad indirizzo tecnico attività sociali, specializzazione dirigenti di comunità'', wanda aka fassara a matsayin "difloma na sakandare a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da gudanarwa"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Istituto Manzoni Siena, Istituto tecnico attività sociali |url=http://www.manzonisiena.it/corsi/itas.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115105558/http://www.manzonisiena.it/corsi/itas.html |archive-date=2014-11-15 |access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref> == Manazarta == qsy0veqzjw7ooqiwg8s3jxw5n39aojz 0 179071 966872 2026-10-12T16:07:13Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Saleh Abdu Kwami | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | birth_place = [[Kwami]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike kuma marubuci | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Nazarin adabin Afirka da sukar adabi }} '''Farfesa Saleh Abdu Kwami''' malamin jami'a ne, mai bincike kuma marubucin Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin adabin Turanci da nazarin adabin Afirka. Ya yi aiki a Ba... 966872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Saleh Abdu Kwami | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | birth_place = [[Kwami]], [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike kuma marubuci | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Nazarin adabin Afirka da sukar adabi }} '''Farfesa Saleh Abdu Kwami''' malamin jami'a ne, mai bincike kuma marubucin Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a fannin adabin Turanci da nazarin adabin Afirka. Ya yi aiki a [[Bayero University Kano]] da [[Federal University of Kashere]], inda ya riƙe muƙaman gudanarwa na jami'a. An kuma naɗa shi shugaban Faculty of Humanities a Federal University of Kashere.<ref name="ArtsMuse">{{cite web |title=News: ANA Names Prof. Abdu As Keynote Speaker Of International Convention |url=https://www.thearts-musefair.com/2017/09/news-ana-names-prof-abdu-as-keynote.html |website=The Arts-Muse Fair |date=8 Satumba 2017 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref><ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Humanities |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-humanities/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Saleh Abdu Kwami a garin [[Kwami]], a Jihar Gombe ta Najeriya, a shekarar 1957, bisa ga rahoton da aka wallafa game da aikinsa.<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> Ya yi karatu a fannin adabi, inda ya mai da hankali kan nazarin waƙoƙin Afirka da sauran adabin Turanci. Bincikensa ya shafi adabin Afirka na zamani da ayyukan marubuta kamar [[Wole Soyinka]] da [[Niyi Osundare]].<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> == Aikin koyarwa da gudanarwa == Abdu ya yi aiki a [[Bayero University Kano]], inda ya zama shugaban Sashen Turanci da Nazarin Adabi (Department of English and Literary Studies). A lokacin aikinsa a jami'ar, ya shiga ayyukan wallafe-wallafen ilimi da ƙarfafa rubuce-rubuce na ƙirƙira.<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> Daga baya, ya yi aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin Dean na Faculty of Humanities.<ref name="FUK" /> Ya kuma yi aiki a [[Gombe State University]] a lokacin hutun aikin koyarwa, inda ya riƙe muƙamin Dean na School of Postgraduate Studies bisa ga rahoton da aka wallafa a shekarar 2017.<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> == Ayyukan adabi da bincike == Farfesa Abdu ya yi bincike kan adabin Afirka, waƙoƙi, da yadda ake nazari da tantance ayyukan adabi. Ya gabatar da jawabi a babban taron ƙasa da ƙasa na [[Association of Nigerian Authors]] (ANA) a shekarar 2017. Taken jawabin ya shafi matsayin marubuta da ayyukan adabin Afirka a adabin duniya.<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> Daga cikin ayyukan da aka danganta da shi akwai littafin ''Poet of the People's Republic: Reading the Poetry of Niyi Osundare'', wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2003. Ya kuma shiga aikin gyara da wallafa mujallu da wasu littattafan koyarwa.<ref name="ArtsMuse" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Gombe]] [[Rukuni:Masana adabi]] dphqe68bsttop272989294wy62ej9in 0 179072 966873 2026-10-12T16:08:39Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Adam Modu Abbas | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = TP/SIWES Coordinator a Faculty of Humanities }} '''Dr. Adam Modu Abbas''' malamin jami'a ne a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen TP/SIWES a Faculty of Humanities.<ref name="FUK... 966873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam Modu Abbas | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = TP/SIWES Coordinator a Faculty of Humanities }} '''Dr. Adam Modu Abbas''' malamin jami'a ne a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen TP/SIWES a Faculty of Humanities.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Humanities |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-humanities/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cewar shafin Faculty of Humanities na Federal University of Kashere, Dr. Adam Modu Abbas yana riƙe da muƙamin TP/SIWES Coordinator. SIWES na nufin *Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme*, shiri da ke taimaka wa ɗaliban manyan makarantu samun ƙwarewar aiki ta hanyar horo a wuraren aiki.<ref name="FUK" /><ref>{{cite web |title=List of Approved Institutions Participating in SIWES |url=https://siwes.itf.gov.ng/Identity/LandingPage/Instiland |website=Industrial Training Fund |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Gombe]] 5sp8wlr1qk8o7r7n752vpm2vjgf44m8 966874 966873 2026-10-12T16:09:07Z Uskeone 40867 /* Aikin jami'a */ 966874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam Modu Abbas | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = TP/SIWES Coordinator a Faculty of Humanities }} '''Dr. Adam Modu Abbas''' malamin jami'a ne a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]], Najeriya. Shafin hukuma na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mai kula da shirye-shiryen TP/SIWES a Faculty of Humanities.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Humanities |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-humanities/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cewar shafin Faculty of Humanities na Federal University of Kashere, Dr. Adam Modu Abbas yana riƙe da muƙamin TP/SIWES Coordinator. SIWES na nufin Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme, shiri da ke taimaka wa ɗaliban manyan makarantu samun ƙwarewar aiki ta hanyar horo a wuraren aiki.<ref name="FUK" /><ref>{{cite web |title=List of Approved Institutions Participating in SIWES |url=https://siwes.itf.gov.ng/Identity/LandingPage/Instiland |website=Industrial Training Fund |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Gombe]] qzdyrnrj1xg4suco4ra0pp0odo5665s 0 179073 966875 2026-10-12T16:11:09Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Saidu Idris | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Jami'a da kula da jarabawa }} '''Dr. Saidu Idris''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Humanities na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin jami'in kula da jarabawa (Exam Officer) na sashen.<ref>{{cit... 966875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Saidu Idris | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Jami'a da kula da jarabawa }} '''Dr. Saidu Idris''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Humanities na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin jami'in kula da jarabawa (Exam Officer) na sashen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Humanities |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-humanities/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cewar shafin Faculty of Humanities na Federal University of Kashere, Dr. Saidu Idris yana riƙe da muƙamin Exam Officer. Wannan aiki yana da alaƙa da gudanarwa da tsara ayyukan jarabawa a cikin jami'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty of Humanities |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-humanities/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] htg9lj8g7uarb2alof3q3tk3tfnve1k 0 179074 966876 2026-10-12T16:12:36Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Barakatu Abdullahi | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin ilimi }} '''Farfesa Barakatu Abdullahi''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Tana aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Education na jami'ar ya lissafa ta a matsayin shugabar wannan tsangaya... 966876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Barakatu Abdullahi | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin ilimi }} '''Farfesa Barakatu Abdullahi''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Tana aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Education na jami'ar ya lissafa ta a matsayin shugabar wannan tsangaya (Dean).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Education |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-education/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Barakatu Abdullahi tana da alaƙa da Sashen Educational Foundations na Faculty of Education a Federal University of Kashere. Bincikenta ya haɗa da batutuwan gudanar da ilimi da inganta koyarwa a makarantun sakandare.<ref name="Journal">{{cite journal |last1=Nayongo |first1=Victor Terseer |last2=Abdullahi |first2=Barakatu |last3=Gambo |first3=Adamu Aliyu |title=Assessment of Stakeholders’ Provision of Infrastructure Facilities for Teaching and Learning in Public Secondary Schools in Benue State, Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Education |volume=9 |issue=2 |year=2025 |pages=99–107 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kje/article/download/1087/834 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2025, Abdullahi ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan wani bincike da ya nazarci yadda masu ruwa da tsaki ke samarwa da kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa da ake buƙata domin koyarwa da koyo a makarantun sakandare na gwamnati a jihar Benue. An wallafa binciken a cikin *Kashere Journal of Education*.<ref name="Journal" /> A wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021, ta yi nazari kan alaƙar cancantar shugabannin makarantu da sakamakon karatun ɗaliban sakandare a jihar Bauchi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Principals’ Higher Academic Qualification: A Tool for Improving Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Bauchi State |url=https://alhikmahuniversity.edu.ng/centralJournal/my_portal/user/event/bookUrl132.pdf |website=Al-Hikmah Journal of Arts & Social Sciences Education |date=2021 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike a fannin ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] rk32iiytalrg319vdopurjv3638ycwt 966877 966876 2026-10-12T16:13:01Z Uskeone 40867 /* Bincike da wallafe-wallafe */ 966877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Barakatu Abdullahi | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamar jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike a fannin ilimi }} '''Farfesa Barakatu Abdullahi''' malamar jami'a ce kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Tana aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Education na jami'ar ya lissafa ta a matsayin shugabar wannan tsangaya (Dean).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Education |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-education/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Barakatu Abdullahi tana da alaƙa da Sashen Educational Foundations na Faculty of Education a Federal University of Kashere. Bincikenta ya haɗa da batutuwan gudanar da ilimi da inganta koyarwa a makarantun sakandare.<ref name="Journal">{{cite journal |last1=Nayongo |first1=Victor Terseer |last2=Abdullahi |first2=Barakatu |last3=Gambo |first3=Adamu Aliyu |title=Assessment of Stakeholders’ Provision of Infrastructure Facilities for Teaching and Learning in Public Secondary Schools in Benue State, Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Education |volume=9 |issue=2 |year=2025 |pages=99–107 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kje/article/download/1087/834 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2025, Abdullahi ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubutan wani bincike da ya nazarci yadda masu ruwa da tsaki ke samarwa da kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa da ake buƙata domin koyarwa da koyo a makarantun sakandare na gwamnati a jihar Benue. An wallafa binciken a cikin Kashere Journal of Education.<ref name="Journal" /> A wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2021, ta yi nazari kan alaƙar cancantar shugabannin makarantu da sakamakon karatun ɗaliban sakandare a jihar Bauchi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Principals’ Higher Academic Qualification: A Tool for Improving Students’ Academic Performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Bauchi State |url=https://alhikmahuniversity.edu.ng/centralJournal/my_portal/user/event/bookUrl132.pdf |website=Al-Hikmah Journal of Arts & Social Sciences Education |date=2021 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike a fannin ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] en1lol24xb71thwufgzmgrzop5fkpqx 0 179075 966878 2026-10-12T16:15:11Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Samuel Alfayo Boh | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan ilimi da nasarar ɗalibai }} '''Dr. Samuel Alfayo Boh''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a Sashen Educational Foundations na Faculty of Education a [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin ma... 966878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Samuel Alfayo Boh | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan ilimi da nasarar ɗalibai }} '''Dr. Samuel Alfayo Boh''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a Sashen Educational Foundations na Faculty of Education a [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mai kula da shirin koyarwa (T.P. Coordinator) na Faculty of Education.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Education |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-education/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Boh yana aiki a fannin ilimin koyarwa da tushen ilimi. Bincikensa ya shafi hanyoyin koyarwa, yanayin makaranta da tasirinsu ga nasarar ɗaliban makarantun sakandare a Najeriya.<ref name="KJE">{{cite journal |last=Boh |first=Samuel Alfayo |title=Influence of Parenting Styles on Academic Performance of Students in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Gombe LGA, Gombe State |journal=Kashere Journal of Education |volume=9 |issue=2 |year=2025 |pages=108–118 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kje/article/view/1088 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2021, Boh da Hamza Musa Abubakar sun wallafa wani bincike kan koyar da harshen Turanci a makarantun sakandare na jihar Gombe. Binciken ya yi nazari kan hanyoyin koyarwa da kayan aikin koyarwa da ake amfani da su a makarantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Boh |first1=Samuel Alfayo |last2=Abubakar |first2=Hamza Musa |title=Evaluation of the Teaching of English Language in Senior Secondary Schools in Gombe State |journal=Journal of Guidance and Counselling Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2021 |url=https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/index.php/jgcs/en/article/view/2412 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ya wallafa bincike kan tasirin yanayin makaranta ga nasarar karatun ɗaliban makarantun sakandare na gwamnati a Ƙaramar Hukumar Shongom, Jihar Gombe. Binciken ya yi amfani da bayanan da aka tattara daga malamai da shugabannin makarantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boh |first=Samuel Alfayo |title=Impact of the Environment on Academic Performance of Public Secondary School Students in Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State |journal=FUDMA Journal of Educational Management |volume=2 |issue=1 |year=2024 |url=https://fudmajem.com.ng/uploaded_articles/Fudmajem6682d94b7459b1.38490532.pdf }}</ref> Wani bincikensa ya nazarci yadda ake koyarwa da koyon harshen Turanci da tasirinsu ga nasarar ɗalibai a Ƙaramar Hukumar Kaltungo, Jihar Gombe. An wallafa wannan bincike a Kashere Journal of Education.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boh |first=Samuel Alfayo |title=Impact of Teaching and Learning English Language on Students Academic Achievement in Kaltungo Local Government Area of Gombe State |journal=Kashere Journal of Education |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/kje/article/view/293118 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike a fannin ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Gombe]] 6eczrloyfjditeyodjodak3wt9sbech 0 179076 966880 2026-10-12T16:22:38Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = I. A. Saleh | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Shugabancin Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Farfesa I. A. Saleh''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar (Dean).<... 966880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = I. A. Saleh | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Shugabancin Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Farfesa I. A. Saleh''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin shugaban tsangayar (Dean).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-management-sciences/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cewar shafin hukuma na Federal University of Kashere, Farfesa I. A. Saleh shi ne Dean na Faculty of Management Sciences. Tsangayar tana da sassa da suka haɗa da Accounting, Business Administration, Marketing da Public Administration, kuma tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen digiri a fannonin gudanarwa da kasuwanci.<ref name="FUK" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Masana gudanarwa]] aae94nappzeh032k9x7gv8mozo4dkde 0 179077 966881 2026-10-12T16:23:56Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Adamu Sale | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Mataimakin shugaban Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Dr. Ibrahim Adamu Sale''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin sh... 966881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Adamu Sale | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Mataimakin shugaban Faculty of Management Sciences }} '''Dr. Ibrahim Adamu Sale''' malamin jami'a ne a Najeriya wanda ke aiki a [[Federal University of Kashere]], jami'a da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin hukuma na Faculty of Management Sciences na jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban tsangayar (Deputy Dean).<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Faculty of Management Sciences |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/faculty-of-management-sciences/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin jami'a == A cewar shafin Faculty of Management Sciences na Federal University of Kashere, Dr. Ibrahim Adamu Sale yana riƙe da muƙamin mataimakin shugaban tsangayar. Tsangayar tana da sassa da suka haɗa da Accounting, Business Administration, Marketing da Public Administration, kuma tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen karatu a fannonin gudanarwa da kasuwanci.<ref name="FUK" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Gombe]] b7h5a8ukdsoetjqywt140i4qzoyqz9n 0 179078 966883 2026-10-12T16:26:16Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Mohammed Sambo | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan siyasa, tsaro da dangantakar ƙasashe }} '''Dr. Abubakar Mohammed Sambo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Federal University of Kashere]], da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin sashen a ja... 966883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Abubakar Mohammed Sambo | honorific_prefix = Dr. | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | known_for = Bincike kan siyasa, tsaro da dangantakar ƙasashe }} '''Dr. Abubakar Mohammed Sambo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Federal University of Kashere]], da ke [[Jihar Gombe]]. Shafin sashen a jami'ar ya lissafa Dr. A. M. Sambo a matsayin shugaban sashen.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Department of Political Science |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/department-of-political-science/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> Wani bayanin marubuci a mujallar jami'ar ya bayyana cikakken sunansa a matsayin Abubakar Mohammed Sambo, tare da alaƙarsa da wannan sashen.<ref name="KJPIR">{{cite journal |last=Sambo |first=Abubakar Mohammed |last2=Mshelia |first2=Abubakar Garba |last3=Othman |first3=Muhammad Fuad |last4=Omar |first4=Rusdi |title=Regional Migration in West Africa: Trends and Challenges Along Nigeria-Cameroon Borders |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=1 |issue=1 |date=21 Satumba 2023 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/93 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Sambo yana aiki a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, inda bincikensa ya shafi tsaro, hulɗar ƙasashe, shugabanci da harkokin gudanar da gwamnati. Bayanan bincikensa a ResearchGate sun bayyana shi a matsayin malami a Federal University of Kashere kuma mai digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Universiti Utara Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abubakar Mohammed Sambo — Research profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abubakar-Sambo |website=ResearchGate |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 2017, Sambo da Abubakar Garba Mshelia sun wallafa bincike mai taken ''Child Begging: Poverty and Misgovernance as a Causal Factor in Northern Nigeria''. Binciken ya nazarci alaƙar talauci, rashin aikin yi da matsalolin shugabanci da al'adar yaran almajirai masu bara a Arewacin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sambo |first1=Abubakar Mohammed |last2=Mshelia |first2=Abubakar Garba |title=Child Begging: Poverty and Misgovernance as a Causal Factor in Northern Nigeria |journal=Public Policy and Administration Research |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=2017 |url=https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/PPAR/article/view/35667 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya wallafa tare da wasu masu bincike wani bincike kan ƙaura da hijira a yankin Afirka ta Yamma, musamman a iyakar Najeriya da Kamaru. Binciken ya tattauna harkokin ƙaura, hulɗar al'ummomin kan iyaka da batutuwan tsaron bil'adama.<ref name="KJPIR" /> Sambo ya kuma yi bincike kan tasirin ayyukan yaƙi da ta'addanci ga rashin aikin yi da talauci tsakanin matasa a Arewacin Najeriya. An wallafa binciken a cikin Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Counter-Terrorism Measures: Addressing Youths Unemployment and Poverty in Northern Nigeria |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/download/88/80/349 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar siyasa]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] nhm1b4hrcjpns8h2ynth5qnbwnut53l 0 179079 966884 2026-10-12T16:29:21Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ndaliman Alhaji Hassan | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Kimiyyar siyasa, dangantakar ƙasashe, gudanar da gwamnati }} '''Farfesa Ndaliman Alhaji Hassan''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'a... 966884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ndaliman Alhaji Hassan | honorific_prefix = Farfesa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Kimiyyar siyasa, dangantakar ƙasashe, gudanar da gwamnati }} '''Farfesa Ndaliman Alhaji Hassan''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a fannin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Najeriya. Yana aiki a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa na [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Shafin jami'ar ya lissafa shi a matsayin farfesa a wannan sashen.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Department of Political Science |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/department-of-political-science/ |website=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da aikin jami'a == Bisa ga tarihin aikinsa da aka wallafa a shafin Federal University of Kashere, Hassan ya fara aikin koyarwa a Adamawa State University da ke Mubi a shekarar 2005. Daga baya ya koma Federal University of Kashere, inda aka naɗa shi a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2018. Jami'ar ta nuna cewa ya kai matsayin farfesa.<ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=Prof. Ndaliman C.V. |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/prof.-ndaliman-C.V.pdf |website=Federal University of Kashere |format=PDF |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Binciken Hassan ya shafi tsarin siyasar Najeriya, shugabanci, gudanar da gwamnati, tsaro, dangantakar ƙasashe da manufofin jama'a. Ya wallafa takardun bincike a mujallu na ilimi tare da sauran masu bincike.<ref name="Academia">{{cite web |title=Ndaliman Alhaji Hassan — Papers |url=https://fuk.academia.edu/ndalimanhassan/Papers |website=Academia.edu |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Hassan da Hammadu Manu da Mohammed Ahmed sun wallafa bincike mai taken ''The Impact of IPPIS Policy on the University System: A Critical Assessment'' a mujallar Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations. Binciken ya tattauna tasirin tsarin biyan albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati na IPPIS ga jami'o'in Najeriya da alaƙarsa da rikicin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan jami'o'i.<ref name="IPPIS">{{cite journal |last1=Hassan |first1=Ndaliman Alhaji |last2=Manu |first2=Hammadu |last3=Ahmed |first3=Mohammed |title=The Impact of IPPIS Policy on the University System: A Critical Assessment |journal=Kashere Journal of Politics and International Relations |volume=1 |issue=1 |year=2023 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjpir/article/view/79 }}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ya wallafa tare da Auwalu Musa bincike mai taken ''An Evaluation of the Origins, Structure and Features of Nigerian Federalism''. Binciken ya yi nazari kan asalin tsarin tarayya a Najeriya, sauye-sauyen tsarin da kuma ƙalubalen da yake fuskanta.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Musa |first1=Auwalu |last2=Hassan |first2=Ndaliman Alhaji |title=An Evaluation of the Origins, Structure and Features of Nigerian Federalism |journal=The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=314–325 |year=2014 |url=https://valleyinternational.net/index.php/theijsshi/article/view/30 }}</ref> Hassan ya kuma yi bincike kan ƙalubalen yaƙi da cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya tsakanin shekarun 2015 da 2020, tare da Abubakar M. Sambo da Auwalu Musa. An wallafa binciken a International Journal of Intellectual Discourse a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hassan |first1=Ndaliman Alhaji |last2=Sambo |first2=Abubakar M. |last3=Musa |first3=Auwalu |title=Challenges and Prospects of Anti-Corruption Crusade in Nigeria, 2015–2020 |journal=International Journal of Intellectual Discourse |volume=4 |issue=3 |year=2021 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363581913_Challenges_and_prospects_of_anti-corruption_crusade_in_Nigeria_2015-2020 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar siyasa]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] klubgak0321k4jq3ni7bbdbd1smqnnt 0 179080 966885 2026-10-12T16:32:57Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Clifford Terhide Gbasha | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | field = Nazarin addini | known_for = Bincike kan addini da tsarin siyasar Najeriya }} '''Clifford Terhide Gbasha''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya wanda aikinsa ya shafi nazarin addini da al'amuran zamantakewa. Wani rahoto na American Council of Learned Societies ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin malami a fannin Christian Religious Studi... 966885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Clifford Terhide Gbasha | nationality = [[Najeriya]] | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | field = Nazarin addini | known_for = Bincike kan addini da tsarin siyasar Najeriya }} '''Clifford Terhide Gbasha''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya wanda aikinsa ya shafi nazarin addini da al'amuran zamantakewa. Wani rahoto na American Council of Learned Societies ya lissafa shi a matsayin mataimakin malami a fannin Christian Religious Studies a [[Taraba State University]], inda ya gabatar da aikin bincike kan rawar hidimar warkarwa a cikin ƙungiyar Catholic Charismatic Renewal a al'ummar Tiv.<ref name="ACLS">{{cite web |title=Fellows and Grantees |url=https://www.acls.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ACLS-2017-AR_TXT-031518-v19.indd_.pdf |publisher=American Council of Learned Societies |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi da bincike == Gbasha ya yi bincike kan alakar addini da al'amuran siyasa a Najeriya. A shekarar 2019, ya wallafa tare da Karbon Benjamin Philip da Habila Katuka wani bincike mai taken ''Imaging a Religious View of Restructuring in Nigeria''. An wallafa binciken a cikin *CCU Journal of Humanities*. A lokacin wallafa binciken, an bayyana shi a matsayin mai alaƙa da Sashen Religious Studies na [[Federal University of Kashere]].<ref name="Research">{{cite web |title=Imaging a Religious View of Restructuring in Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338843677_Imaging_a_Religious_View_of_Restructuring_in_Nigeria |website=ResearchGate |date=May 2019 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> Binciken ya nazarci yadda addinin Musulunci da Kiristanci ke shiga muhawarar sake fasalin tsarin siyasa a Najeriya. Marubutan sun tattauna ra'ayoyin addini, bambance-bambancen yankuna, da yadda ake fahimtar adalci da wakilci a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="Research" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana nazarin addini]] 9l1qvn3755h9vv8hvx64hx3loebb24k 0 179081 966886 2026-10-12T16:37:24Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302011750|Soundedit Festival]]" 966886 wikitext text/x-wiki   Soundedit biki ne na duniya na shekara-shekara wanda aka keɓe ga masu shirya kiɗa da masu tsara sauti. Tun lokacin da aka fara shi a shekarar 2009, bikin yana gudana a Łódź., [[Poland]]. Babban kyautar bikin shine '''Mutumin da ke da lambar yabo ta Golden Ear''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Festival - Soundedit |url=https://soundedit.pl/about-festival/ |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=soundedit.pl}}</ref> == Wadanda suka ci nasara == === 2009 === * Daniel Lanois * Gareth Jones * Grzegorz Ciechowski (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2010 === * Adrian Sherwood * Andrzej Smolik * Martin Hannett (bayan mutuwarsa) === 2011 === * Mark "Jini" Ellis * Daniel Miller * [[Adam Toczko]] === 2012 === * Martin ya kasance a cikin Glover * [[Józef B. Nowakowski]] * Steve Osborne * Eugeniusz Rudnik * Tim Simenon === 2013 === * Dan Austin * Haydn Bendall * [[Władysław Komendarek]] * Bill Laswell === 2014 === * Karl Bartos * Howard Bernstein (Howie B) * John Cale * Lech Janerka === 2015 === * Bob Geldof * Roger Glover * Wojciech Waglewski * Józef Skrzek * [[Leszek Biolik]] === 2016 === * Brian Eno * Daular Alec * Adam Nowak * George Martin === 2017 === * Marek Biliński * Gary Numan * Michael Nyman * Tony Visconti === 2018 === * Andrzej Korzyński * Giorgio Moroder * Katarzyna Nosowska === 2019 === * Craig Leon * Jan Borysewicz * Mick Harvey * Stanislaw Soyka * Steve Albini === 2020 === * Jan Kanty Pauśkiewicz * Roli Mosimann === 2021 === * Midge Ure * Skalpel * Tomek Lipiński === 2022 === * Barry Adamson * Leszek Kamiński * Nick Mason * Piotr Madziar === 2023 === * Hania Rani * Irena Hussar * Michał Urbaniak === 2024 === * Steve Lyon * Chris Thomas * Czesław Niemen * Tadeusz Mieczkowski <blockquote>''A ranar 26 ga Oktoba 2024, bikin Golden Ears Awards ya gabatar da kyaututtuka kuma ya yi bikin ayyukan mutane 4 na kiɗa waɗanda suka tsara abubuwan da muka samu na kiɗa: Tadeusz Mieczkowski, Czesław Niemen (bayan mutuwarsa), Chris Thomas da Steve Lyon.''</blockquote> == Manazarta == o3mjhtjdsnrri4968f8q9b4r41auc1g 0 179082 966887 2026-10-12T16:40:15Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = David Bahal Azomo | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Nazarin addini, tiyolojin Kiristanci | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''David Bahal Azomo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Nazarin Addini na [[Federal University of Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. Bincikensa ya shafi nazarin addini, siyasa, ɗabi'a da matsayin shugabannin addini a cikin al'umma.<... 966887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = David Bahal Azomo | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Nazarin addini, tiyolojin Kiristanci | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''David Bahal Azomo''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Nazarin Addini na [[Federal University of Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe. Bincikensa ya shafi nazarin addini, siyasa, ɗabi'a da matsayin shugabannin addini a cikin al'umma.<ref name="Benin">{{cite journal |title=Benin Journal of Religions and Society |url=https://api-ir.unilag.edu.ng/server/api/core/bitstreams/fbd18725-327f-4748-ad77-cb3468946d7e/content |journal=Benin Journal of Religions and Society |volume=4 |issue=1 |date=2020 }}</ref> == Aikin bincike == A shekarar 2021, Azomo da Gideon Y. Tambiyi sun wallafa bincike mai taken ''Politics and Integrity among Selected Old Testament Prophets and its Implications for Christian Leaders in Nigeria Political Space''. An wallafa binciken a cikin Nigerian Journal of Christian Studies. Binciken ya tattauna batutuwan siyasa da riƙon amana a cikin tarihin annabawan Tsohon Alkawari, tare da nazarin abin da shugabannin Kiristoci a Najeriya za su iya koya daga misalan waɗannan annabawa.<ref name="AJOL">{{cite journal |last1=Azomo |first1=David Bahal |last2=Tambiyi |first2=Gideon Y. |title=Politics and Integrity among Selected Old Testament Prophets and its Implications for Christian Leaders in Nigeria Political Space |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njcs/article/view/220840 |journal=Nigerian Journal of Christian Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=252–269 |date=2021 }}</ref> Azomo ya kuma yi bincike tare da sauran malamai kan batutuwan addini da zamantakewa a Najeriya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da nazarin rawar da addini ke takawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya da kyakkyawan shugabanci.<ref name="AJOL" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana nazarin addini]] 9uxi76i7btlxj7mi2cjekvcl0ibsm10 0 179083 966888 2026-10-12T16:54:26Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Yunisa Abdulrahman | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Ilimin tattalin arziki, ilimin malamai, fasahar koyarwa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Yunisa Abdulrahman''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da [[Federal University of Kashere]], inda yake aiki a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da koyarwa. Bincikensa ya shafi ilimin tattalin arziki, dabarun koyarwa, amfani... 966888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yunisa Abdulrahman | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Ilimin tattalin arziki, ilimin malamai, fasahar koyarwa | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Yunisa Abdulrahman''' malamin jami'a ne kuma mai bincike a Najeriya. Yana da alaƙa da [[Federal University of Kashere]], inda yake aiki a fannin ilimin zamantakewa da koyarwa. Bincikensa ya shafi ilimin tattalin arziki, dabarun koyarwa, amfani da albarkatun ilimi na lantarki da inganta tsarin karatu.<ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=Yunisa Abdulrahman — Research Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yunisa-Abdulrahman |website=ResearchGate |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi da aikin koyarwa == Abdulrahman malami ne a Federal University of Kashere. Shafin bincikensa ya nuna alaƙarsa da Sashen Arts and Social Science Education na jami'ar. Ana buƙatar ƙarin majiyoyi masu zaman kansu domin tabbatar da cikakken tarihin karatunsa da matakan aikinsa.<ref name="Profile" /> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Abdulrahman ya wallafa bincike kan batutuwan da suka shafi koyarwa da ilimi. A shekarar 2025, ya haɗa kai da Musa Adamu Mshelia da Yahuza Biwai wajen wallafa bincike mai taken “Teachers’ Readiness for Implementing Nigeria’s New Competency-Based Basic Education Curriculum in Gombe State” a Kashere Journal of Education. Binciken ya duba shirye-shiryen malamai don aiwatar da sabon tsarin manhajar ilimin firamare a Jihar Gombe.<ref name="KJE">{{cite journal |last1=Mshelia |first1=Musa Adamu |last2=Abdulrahman |first2=Yunisa |last3=Biwai |first3=Yahuza |title=Teachers’ Readiness for Implementing Nigeria’s New Competency-Based Basic Education Curriculum in Gombe State |journal=Kashere Journal of Education |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |date=2025 |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kje/article/download/1042/790 }}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ya wallafa tare da Mohammed Adams Umar da Okekwu Ate Musa wani bincike kan tasirin kafa Federal University of Kashere ga tattalin arziki da rayuwar al'ummar Kashere. An wallafa binciken a Journal of Economics and Environmental Education.<ref name="JEEE">{{cite journal |title=The Socioeconomic Impact of the Establishment of Federal University Kashere on the Kashere Community, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=Journal of Economics and Environmental Education |volume=8 |issue=1 |date=2024 |url=https://iafee.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-Socioeconomic-Impact-of-the-Establishment-of-Federal-University-Yunisa-Mohammed-Okekwu-jeee-8-1-153-162.pdf }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Masana ilimi]] oorpytqm8js1fjjd0i314q0outecb6n 0 179084 966929 2026-10-12T18:31:57Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1268244979|Adamawa–Ubangi languages]]" 966929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family|name=Adamawa–Ubangi|acceptance=obsolete|region=West and Central Africa|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|child1=[[Adamawa languages|Adamawa]]|child2=[[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]]|glotto=adam1258|glottorefname=Adamawa–Ubangi}}'''Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa kuma a baya an yi la'akari da dangin harsuna da ake magana a [[Najeriya]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], Jamhurin Demokradiyyar Kongo da [[Sudan ta Kudu]], da jimillar kusan mutane miliyan 12. == Tarihin rarrabuwa == Joseph Greenberg ne ya gabatar da iyalin a cikin ''[[Harsunan Afirka]]'' a ƙarƙashin sunan [[Yaren Adamawa|Adamawa]]-Eastern a matsayin reshe na farko na iyalin Nijar-Congo, wanda aka raba shi zuwa rassa biyu, Adamawa (misali [[Harshen Niellim|Niellim]]) da [[Harsuna Ubangian|Ubanguian]] (misali Azande (harshe na Zande), [[Harshen Ngbandi|Ngbandi]], wanda [[Harshen Sango|Sango]] ya dogara da shi).<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Joseph H.|year=1963|ref=africa|title=[[The Languages of Africa]]|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press}} (Heavily revised version of Greenberg 1955. From the same publisher: second, revised edition, 1966; third edition, 1970. All three editions simultaneously published at The Hague by Mouton & Co.)</ref> Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) ya yi imanin cewa harsunan Adamawa suna da alaƙa da [[Harsunan Gur]], kodayake ana tambayar hadin kan Gur da reshen Adamawa akai-akai.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.</ref> [[Roger Blench]] ya maye gurbin Adamawa-Ubangi da dangin [[Harsunan Savannas|Savannas]], wanda ya hada da Gur, Ubangian da rassa daban-daban na Adamawa a matsayin manyan nodes. ((((((The family was proposed by [[:en:Joseph_Greenberg|Joseph Greenberg]] in ''[[:en:The_Languages_of_Africa|The Languages of Africa]]'' under the name '''Adamawa–Eastern''' as a primary branch of the [[:en:Niger–Congo_languages|Niger–Congo]] family, which is in turn divided in two branches, [[:en:Adamawa_languages|Adamawa]] (e.g. [[:en:Niellim_language|Niellim]]) and [[:en:Ubangian_languages|Ubangian]] (e.g. [[:en:Azande|Azande]] ([[:en:Zande_language|Zande language]]), [[:en:Ngbandi_language|Ngbandi]], on which the [[:en:Creole_language|creole]] [[:en:Sango_language|Sango]] is based).<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Joseph H.|year=1963|ref=africa|title=[[The Languages of Africa]]|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press}} (Heavily revised version of Greenberg 1955. From the same publisher: second, revised edition, 1966; third edition, 1970. All three editions simultaneously published at The Hague by Mouton & Co.)</ref> Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) believes that the Adamawa languages are most closely related to the [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur languages]], although the unity of both the Gur and the Adamawa branch is frequently questioned.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.</ref> [[:en:Roger_Blench|Roger Blench]] replaced Adamawa–Ubangi with a [[:en:Savanna_languages|Savannas]] family, which includes Gur, Ubangian and the various branches of Adamawa as primary nodes)))))))Dimmendaal (2008) ya yi shakkar cewa Ubangian wani yanki ne na Nijar-Congo kwata-kwata, ya fi son rarraba shi a matsayin iyali mai zaman kansa har sai an tabbatar da akasin haka.<ref>[[Gerrit Dimmendaal]] (2008) "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:841.</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Harsunan Adamawa suna daga cikin wadanda ba a yi nazari sosai a Afirka ba, kuma sun haɗa da harsuna da yawa da ke cikin haɗari; mafi girma daga cikin kusan ɗari na ƙananan yarukan Adamawa shine [[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]], a cikin masu magana 400,000. Ana samun wasu Harsunan da ba a rarraba su ba - musamman [[Yaren Laal|Laal]] da [[Yaren Jala|Jalaa]] - a gefen su. Harsunan Ubangian, yayin da kusan suna da yawa, an fi nazarin su; guda daya namusamman, [[Harshen Sango|Sango]], yaren [[Harshen Ngbandi|Ngbandi]], ya zama babban harshe na kasuwanci na Afirka ta Tsakiya. == Abubuwan harshe == Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi galibi suna da jituwa ta sautin, wanda ya haɗa da ƙuntatawa akan haɗuwa da sauti a cikin kalma. Kamar yadda yake a mafi yawan rassan dangin Nijar-Congo, tsarin aji na suna da yawa. Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi sanannu ne don samun ƙididdiga ƙididdiga maimakon ƙididdiga. Tsarin aji na suna ba ya da cikakkiyar amfani a cikin dukkan harsuna. Wakilan batun Adamawa (Boyd 1989<ref>Boyd, Raymond. 1989. Adamawa-Ubangi. In Bendor-Samuel, John (ed.), ''The Niger-Congo Languages: A Classification and Description of Africa's Largest Language Family'', 178-215. Lanham MD, New York & London: University Press of America.</ref>) sun kasance asali ne kusan: * "''Ni''": *mi ko *ma''na'' * "ku (sg.) ": *''mo'' * "k<''i'' id="mwTA">u (''n''<nowiki/>'i): *u, *ui, *i (+n?) Wakilan mutum na uku sun bambanta sosai. A cikin gine-ginen mallaka, wanda aka mallaka yawanci yana gaba da mai shi, kuma tsari na jumla yawanci batun-kalma ne. == Rarraba == A cikin Williamson da Blench (2000), tun lokacin da aka watsar, rarrabawar ciki ita ce:<ref name="Williamson20002">{{cite book|last1=Williamson|first=Kay|last2=Blench|first2=Roger|chapter=Niger-Congo|title=African Languages: An Introduction|editor=Bernd Heine|editor2=Derek Nurse|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|pages=11–12}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=Adamawa |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Leko |2=Duru |3=Mumuye/Yendang |4=Nimbari }} |2={{clade |1=Mbum |2=Bua |3=Kim |4=Day }} |3={{clade |1=Waja |2=Longuda |3=Jen |4=Bikwin |5=Yungur }} |4=Ba (=Kwa) |5=Kam |label6=? |6=Fali }} |label2=Ubangi |2={{clade |1=Gbaya |2={{clade |1=Banda |2=Ngbandi |3={{clade |1=Sere |2={{clade |1=Ngabaka |2=Mba }} }} }} |3=Zande }} }}|label1=Proto-Adamawa-Ubangi}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == phbggtmq5vxwq0mnr1pua6ha1bcfzev 966930 966929 2026-10-12T18:33:00Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 966930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family|name=Adamawa–Ubangi|acceptance=obsolete|region=West and Central Africa|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo languages|Atlantic–Congo]]|child1=[[Adamawa languages|Adamawa]]|child2=[[Ubangian languages|Ubangian]]|glotto=adam1258|glottorefname=Adamawa–Ubangi}}'''Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa kuma a baya an yi la'akari da dangin harsuna da ake magana a [[Najeriya]], [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Gabon]], [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], Jamhurin Demokradiyyar Kongo da [[Sudan ta Kudu]], da jimillar kusan mutane miliyan 12. == Tarihin rarrabuwa == Joseph Greenberg ne ya gabatar da iyalin a cikin ''[[Harsunan Afirka]]'' a ƙarƙashin sunan [[Yaren Adamawa|Adamawa]]-Eastern a matsayin reshe na farko na iyalin Nijar-Congo, wanda aka raba shi zuwa rassa biyu, Adamawa (misali [[Harshen Niellim|Niellim]]) da [[Harsuna Ubangian|Ubanguian]] (misali Azande (harshe na Zande), [[Harshen Ngbandi|Ngbandi]], wanda [[Harshen Sango|Sango]] ya dogara da shi).<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Joseph H.|year=1963|ref=africa|title=[[The Languages of Africa]]|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press}} (Heavily revised version of Greenberg 1955. From the same publisher: second, revised edition, 1966; third edition, 1970. All three editions simultaneously published at The Hague by Mouton & Co.)</ref> Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) ya yi imanin cewa harsunan Adamawa suna da alaƙa da [[Harsunan Gur]], kodayake ana tambayar hadin kan Gur da reshen Adamawa akai-akai.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.</ref> [[Roger Blench]] ya maye gurbin Adamawa-Ubangi da dangin [[Harsunan Savannas|Savannas]], wanda ya hada da Gur, Ubangian da rassa daban-daban na Adamawa a matsayin manyan nodes. Dimmendaal (2008) ya yi shakkar cewa Ubangian wani yanki ne na Nijar-Congo kwata-kwata, ya fi son rarraba shi a matsayin iyali mai zaman kansa har sai an tabbatar da akasin haka.<ref>[[Gerrit Dimmendaal]] (2008) "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5:841.</ref> == Yawan jama'a == Harsunan Adamawa suna daga cikin wadanda ba a yi nazari sosai a Afirka ba, kuma sun haɗa da harsuna da yawa da ke cikin haɗari; mafi girma daga cikin kusan ɗari na ƙananan yarukan Adamawa shine [[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]], a cikin masu magana 400,000. Ana samun wasu Harsunan da ba a rarraba su ba - musamman [[Yaren Laal|Laal]] da [[Yaren Jala|Jalaa]] - a gefen su. Harsunan Ubangian, yayin da kusan suna da yawa, an fi nazarin su; guda daya namusamman, [[Harshen Sango|Sango]], yaren [[Harshen Ngbandi|Ngbandi]], ya zama babban harshe na kasuwanci na Afirka ta Tsakiya. == Abubuwan harshe == Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi galibi suna da jituwa ta sautin, wanda ya haɗa da ƙuntatawa akan haɗuwa da sauti a cikin kalma. Kamar yadda yake a mafi yawan rassan dangin Nijar-Congo, tsarin aji na suna da yawa. Harsunan Adamawa-Ubangi sanannu ne don samun ƙididdiga ƙididdiga maimakon ƙididdiga. Tsarin aji na suna ba ya da cikakkiyar amfani a cikin dukkan harsuna. Wakilan batun Adamawa (Boyd 1989<ref>Boyd, Raymond. 1989. Adamawa-Ubangi. In Bendor-Samuel, John (ed.), ''The Niger-Congo Languages: A Classification and Description of Africa's Largest Language Family'', 178-215. Lanham MD, New York & London: University Press of America.</ref>) sun kasance asali ne kusan: * "''Ni''": *mi ko *ma''na'' * "ku (sg.) ": *''mo'' * "k<''i'' id="mwTA">u (''n''<nowiki/>'i): *u, *ui, *i (+n?) Wakilan mutum na uku sun bambanta sosai. A cikin gine-ginen mallaka, wanda aka mallaka yawanci yana gaba da mai shi, kuma tsari na jumla yawanci batun-kalma ne. == Rarraba == A cikin Williamson da Blench (2000), tun lokacin da aka watsar, rarrabawar ciki ita ce:<ref name="Williamson20002">{{cite book|last1=Williamson|first=Kay|last2=Blench|first2=Roger|chapter=Niger-Congo|title=African Languages: An Introduction|editor=Bernd Heine|editor2=Derek Nurse|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|pages=11–12}}</ref> {{clade|{{clade |label1=Adamawa |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Leko |2=Duru |3=Mumuye/Yendang |4=Nimbari }} |2={{clade |1=Mbum |2=Bua |3=Kim |4=Day }} |3={{clade |1=Waja |2=Longuda |3=Jen |4=Bikwin |5=Yungur }} |4=Ba (=Kwa) |5=Kam |label6=? |6=Fali }} |label2=Ubangi |2={{clade |1=Gbaya |2={{clade |1=Banda |2=Ngbandi |3={{clade |1=Sere |2={{clade |1=Ngabaka |2=Mba }} }} }} |3=Zande }} }}|label1=Proto-Adamawa-Ubangi}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == g9011ixbb30t0levpzlxscw2g4ixlqv 0 179085 966931 2026-10-12T18:48:43Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357327018|Grey-headed kingfisher]]" 966931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=044 Grey-headed kingfisher at Queen Elizabeth National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{Cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Halcyon leucocephala'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22683255A92980798 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683255A92980798.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>|genus=Halcyon|species=leucocephala|authority=([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Statius Müller]], 1776)|audio=Grey-headed Kingfisher (Halcyon leucocephala) (022A-WA03044X0041-0008M0).ogg|audio_caption=Calls recorded in the [[Samburu National Reserve|Samburu<br />National Reserve]], Kenya}} Kingfisher mai launin toka ('''''Halcyon leucocephala''''') nau'in tsuntsaye ne a cikin dangin kingfisher, Alcedinidae . Ana samunsa a fadin manyan sassan [[Afirka]] da kudancin Arabiya, daga [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] ta hanyar Senegal da [[Gambiya]], gabas zuwa [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Somaliya]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], da kudu har zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Hakanan ana samunsa a tsibirai a bakin tekun Afirka kamar tsibirin Cape Verde da Zanzibar . == Tarihin lissafi == Bayani na farko na tsutsu mai launin toka shine masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamus Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller a cikin shekara ta 1776. Ya kirkiro [[Nomenclature na binomial|Sunan binomial]] ''Alcedo leucocephala'' . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=James L. Peters}}</ref> Masanin halitta na Ingila da mai zane William Swainson ne ya gabatar da nau'in ''Halcyon'' na yanzu a cikin 1821.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=William Swainson}}</ref> Sunan jinsin ya fito ne daga harshen Girkanci na gargajiya, tsuntsu ne na almara, wanda ke da alaƙa da mai kifi. ((((((The first [[:en:Species_description|formal description]] of the grey-headed kingfisher was by the German zoologist [[:en:Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_Müller|Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller]] in 1776. He coined the [[:en:Binomial_name|binomial name]] ''Alcedo leucocephala''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Statius Müller|first=Philipp Ludwig|author-link=Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|year=1789|orig-date=1776|title=Vollständiges Natursystem Supplements- und Register-Band|volume=9|language=de|place=Nürnberg|publisher=Gabriel Nicholaus Raspe|page=94|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52710047}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Peters|editor-first=James Lee|editor-link=James L. Peters|year=1945|title=Check-list of Birds of the World|volume=5|publisher=Harvard University Press|place=Cambridge, Massachusetts|page=197|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480208}}</ref> The current [[:en:Genus|genus]] ''Halcyon'' was introduced by the English naturalist and artist [[:en:William_Swainson|William Swainson]] in 1821.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swainson|first=William John|author-link=William Swainson|year=1821|title=Zoological illustrations|volume=1|place=London|publisher=Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; and W. Wood|at=Plate 27 text|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29156540}}</ref> The name of the genus is from the classical Greek ''alkuōn'', a mythical bird, generally associated with the kingfisher.))))))))))Takamaiman ma'anar ''Leukocephala'' ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci na gargajiya leukos ma'anar "farin" da ''-kephalos'' don "-kai". An san nau'o'i biyar: <ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |year=2017 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ |access-date=28 May 2017 |website=World Bird List Version 7.2 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> * H. l. acteon <small> (Lesson, R, 1830) </small> - [[Cabo Verde|Tsibirin Cape Verde]] * ''H. l. leucocephala'' <small> (Statius Müller, PL, 1776) </small> - Senegal da Gambiya zuwa arewa maso yammacin Somalia, arewacin Tanzania da arewacin DR Congo * ''H. l. semicaerulea'' <small> (Gmelin, JF, 1788) </small> - kudancin yankin Arabiya * ''H. l. hyacinthina'' Reichenow, 1900 - kudu maso gabashin Somalia zuwa Tanzania * ''H. l. pallidiventris'' <small>Cabanis, 1880</small> - kudancin DR Congo zuwa arewa maso yammacin Tanzania da kudu zuwa arewacin Afirka ta Kudu == Bayyanawa == [[File:Martin-chasseur_à_tête_grise.JPG|left|thumb|Mai kifi mai launin toka, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera, Rwanda]] Jinsi suna kama da juna. Manya na tseren ''H. l. leucocephala&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai launin toka, baƙar fata da baya, launin shudi mai haske, fuka-fuki da wutsiya, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara. Subspecies ''H. l. pallidiventris&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai duhu da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta amma in ba haka ba yayi kama da haka. Bakinsa yana da tsawo, ja kuma yana da kaifi. Wannan tsuntsu yana girma zuwa matsakaicin tsawon {{Convert|21|cm|in|1}} in). Waƙar ta kasance jerin bayanan rubutu, hawa, saukowa sannan kuma hawa, ta zama mai ƙarfi. Kira na gargadi shine jerin bayanan da suka fi kaifi, "tchk, tchk, tchк". == Rarraba da mazaunin == Ana samun mai launin toka mai suna kingfisher a cikin wurare masu zafi da tsaka-tsaki na Afirka da kuma yankin Larabawa. Yankin ya hada da Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kamaru, Cape Verde, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Kongo, Jamhuryar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Eswatini, Habasha, Gabon, Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nijar, Najeriya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Saliyo, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Yemen, Uganda, Uganda, da Zimbabwe. Gidansa na yau da kullun shine gandun daji, wuraren da aka noma, har zuwa tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|2200|m|ft|-2}} m (7,200 . == Muhalli == [[File:Halcyon_leucocephala_MHNT_ZOO_2010_11_160_RdN_Santiago_Cap-Vert.jpg|thumb|Kwayoyin biyu na ''Halcyon leucocephala'']] Wani mai kifi mai bushewa na daji da gandun daji, shi kaɗai ko a nau'i-nau'i, sau da yawa ana samunsa kusa da ruwa, amma ba kamar yawancin masu kifi ba ruwa ba ne. Yana tsaye a kan reshe, ba ya motsawa na dogon lokaci yayin da yake kallon ƙasa don alamun kwari ko ƙananan lizards, yana jujjuya kai kafin ya nutse a kan ganima. A bayyanar kamar mai launin ruwan kasa amma tare da ja maimakon ja da baƙar fata kuma yayi kama da mai kama da mai kifi na gandun daji, amma mai kifi na gandun daji ba shi da ciki kuma yana da mafi yawan gashin gashi a baya. Yana da gidaje a cikin ramuka a cikin koguna masu tsawo kuma yana da kariya sosai ga gida ta hanyar maimaita fashewar bom na masu sa ido. Yana da kwayar cuta ta hanyar jagorar zuma mafi girma. Wannan nau'in yana ƙaura da dare kuma sau da yawa ana kashe shi ta hanyar tashi cikin cikas kamar gine-gine, hasumiyoyi da layin wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodall, P.F. |date=2020 |title=Grey-headed Kingfisher (''Halcyon leucocephala'') |url=http://www.hbw.com/node/55752 |journal=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona |doi=10.2173/bow.gyhkin1.01 |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == 45ki6wnh186tml5hukb0db0fphrv9ls 966932 966931 2026-10-12T18:50:04Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 966932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=044 Grey-headed kingfisher at Queen Elizabeth National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 13 November 2021">{{Cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Halcyon leucocephala'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T22683255A92980798 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683255A92980798.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref>|genus=Halcyon|species=leucocephala|authority=([[Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller|Statius Müller]], 1776)|audio=Grey-headed Kingfisher (Halcyon leucocephala) (022A-WA03044X0041-0008M0).ogg|audio_caption=Calls recorded in the [[Samburu National Reserve|Samburu<br />National Reserve]], Kenya}} Kingfisher mai launin toka ('''''Halcyon leucocephala''''') nau'in tsuntsaye ne a cikin dangin kingfisher, Alcedinidae . Ana samunsa a fadin manyan sassan [[Afirka]] da kudancin Arabiya, daga [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] ta hanyar Senegal da [[Gambiya]], gabas zuwa [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Somaliya]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] da [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], da kudu har zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Hakanan ana samunsa a tsibirai a bakin tekun Afirka kamar tsibirin Cape Verde da Zanzibar . == Tarihin lissafi == Bayani na farko na tsutsu mai launin toka shine masanin ilimin dabbobi na Jamus Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller a cikin shekara ta 1776. Ya kirkiro [[Nomenclature na binomial|Sunan binomial]] ''Alcedo leucocephala'' . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=James L. Peters}}</ref> Masanin halitta na Ingila da mai zane William Swainson ne ya gabatar da nau'in ''Halcyon'' na yanzu a cikin 1821.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=William Swainson}}</ref> Sunan jinsin ya fito ne daga harshen Girkanci na gargajiya, tsuntsu ne na almara, wanda ke da alaƙa da mai kifi. Takamaiman ma'anar ''Leukocephala'' ya fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci na gargajiya leukos ma'anar "farin" da ''-kephalos'' don "-kai". An san nau'o'i biyar: <ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |year=2017 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ |access-date=28 May 2017 |website=World Bird List Version 7.2 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> * H. l. acteon <small> (Lesson, R, 1830) </small> - [[Cabo Verde|Tsibirin Cape Verde]] * ''H. l. leucocephala'' <small> (Statius Müller, PL, 1776) </small> - Senegal da Gambiya zuwa arewa maso yammacin Somalia, arewacin Tanzania da arewacin DR Congo * ''H. l. semicaerulea'' <small> (Gmelin, JF, 1788) </small> - kudancin yankin Arabiya * ''H. l. hyacinthina'' Reichenow, 1900 - kudu maso gabashin Somalia zuwa Tanzania * ''H. l. pallidiventris'' <small>Cabanis, 1880</small> - kudancin DR Congo zuwa arewa maso yammacin Tanzania da kudu zuwa arewacin Afirka ta Kudu == Bayyanawa == [[File:Martin-chasseur_à_tête_grise.JPG|left|thumb|Mai kifi mai launin toka, a cikin Gidan shakatawa na Akagera, Rwanda]] Jinsi suna kama da juna. Manya na tseren ''H. l. leucocephala&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai launin toka, baƙar fata da baya, launin shudi mai haske, fuka-fuki da wutsiya, da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara. Subspecies ''H. l. pallidiventris&nbsp;'' yana da launin toka mai duhu da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta amma in ba haka ba yayi kama da haka. Bakinsa yana da tsawo, ja kuma yana da kaifi. Wannan tsuntsu yana girma zuwa matsakaicin tsawon {{Convert|21|cm|in|1}} in). Waƙar ta kasance jerin bayanan rubutu, hawa, saukowa sannan kuma hawa, ta zama mai ƙarfi. Kira na gargadi shine jerin bayanan da suka fi kaifi, "tchk, tchk, tchк". == Rarraba da mazaunin == Ana samun mai launin toka mai suna kingfisher a cikin wurare masu zafi da tsaka-tsaki na Afirka da kuma yankin Larabawa. Yankin ya hada da Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kamaru, Cape Verde, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Chadi, Kongo, Jamhuryar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Eswatini, Habasha, Gabon, Gambiya, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nijar, Najeriya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Saliyo, Somalia, Sudan ta Kudu, Sudan, Yemen, Uganda, Uganda, da Zimbabwe. Gidansa na yau da kullun shine gandun daji, wuraren da aka noma, har zuwa tsawo na kimanin {{Convert|2200|m|ft|-2}} m (7,200 . == Muhalli == [[File:Halcyon_leucocephala_MHNT_ZOO_2010_11_160_RdN_Santiago_Cap-Vert.jpg|thumb|Kwayoyin biyu na ''Halcyon leucocephala'']] Wani mai kifi mai bushewa na daji da gandun daji, shi kaɗai ko a nau'i-nau'i, sau da yawa ana samunsa kusa da ruwa, amma ba kamar yawancin masu kifi ba ruwa ba ne. Yana tsaye a kan reshe, ba ya motsawa na dogon lokaci yayin da yake kallon ƙasa don alamun kwari ko ƙananan lizards, yana jujjuya kai kafin ya nutse a kan ganima. A bayyanar kamar mai launin ruwan kasa amma tare da ja maimakon ja da baƙar fata kuma yayi kama da mai kama da mai kifi na gandun daji, amma mai kifi na gandun daji ba shi da ciki kuma yana da mafi yawan gashin gashi a baya. Yana da gidaje a cikin ramuka a cikin koguna masu tsawo kuma yana da kariya sosai ga gida ta hanyar maimaita fashewar bom na masu sa ido. Yana da kwayar cuta ta hanyar jagorar zuma mafi girma. Wannan nau'in yana ƙaura da dare kuma sau da yawa ana kashe shi ta hanyar tashi cikin cikas kamar gine-gine, hasumiyoyi da layin wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodall, P.F. |date=2020 |title=Grey-headed Kingfisher (''Halcyon leucocephala'') |url=http://www.hbw.com/node/55752 |journal=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona |doi=10.2173/bow.gyhkin1.01 |access-date=24 November 2016}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == 9xfeutf1m7sysppzannhgrifw6xo6or 0 179086 966948 2026-10-12T20:33:33Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356145715|Maipo River]]" 966948 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Kogin Maipo |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Río_Maipo.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Maipo_River_watershed.png|250x250px]]<div class="infobox-caption">Rashin ruwa na Kogin Maipo (Map mai ma'amala) </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Wurin da yake |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |[[Chile]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Halayen jiki&nbsp; |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tushen | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&#x2022; wurin&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |Duwatsun Andes, kudu da Unnamed Hill 3996 |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&#x2022; ma'auni&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maipo_River&params=34.225_S_69.849_W_ <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°13′30′′S</span> <span class="longitude">69°50′56′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.225 ° S 69.849 ° W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.225; -69.849</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Bakin | class="infobox-data" |[[Tekun Pacific]] |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&#x2022; wurin&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |San Antonio, Chile |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal">&#x2022; ma'auni&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maipo_River&params=33.6134_S_71.6288_W_region:CL_type:river <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°36′48′′S</span> <span class="longitude">71°37′44′′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.6134 ° S 71.6288 ° W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.6134; -71.6288</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:8}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Maipo_River&params=33.6134_S_71.6288_W_region:CL_type:river <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°36′48″S</span> <span class="longitude">71°37′44″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.6134°S 71.6288°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">-33.6134; -71.6288</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data" |250 km (160 mi) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Girman kwandon</div> | class="infobox-data" |15,304 km² (5,909 sq mi) <ref name="sinia" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" style="display:none;" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Rashin fitarwa | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&#x2022; matsakaici&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |92.³ m3/s (3,260 cu ft/s) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;" |Abubuwan da ke cikin kwandon&nbsp; |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Haraji | class="infobox-data" |  |- style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span style="font-weight:normal">&#x2022; dama&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |El Volcán, Yeso da Colorado |} '''Kogin Maipo''' shine '''babban [[Kogi|kogin]]''' da ke gudana ta yankin Santiago da Yankin Valparaíso na [[Chile]]. Tana kusa da kudancin babban birnin [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]. Kogin Mapocho, wanda ke gudana ta tsakiyar Santiago, yana daya daga cikin masu goyon bayansa. Tushenta yana kan gangaren yammacin dutsen mai fitattun wuta, a cikin [[Andes]]. Kogin Maipo shine babban tushen [[ban ruwa]] da [[ruwan sha]] ga yankin.<ref name="sinia2">[http://www.sinia.cl/1292/articles-31018_Maipo.pdf Cuenca del río Maipo] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120212042019/http://www.sinia.cl/1292/articles-31018_Maipo.pdf Archived] 2012-02-12 at the [[Wayback Machine]]</ref><ref name="CAI3">{{cite book|last=Cai|first=Ximing|title=Modeling Water Resources Management at the Basin Level: Methodology and Application to the Maipo River Basin|author2=Claudia Ringler|author3=Mark W. Rosegrant|year=2006|publisher=International Food Policy Research Institute|location=Washington DC|isbn=978-0-89629-152-2}}</ref> Kogin bakin kogin ya koma don cire kogin daga teku sau da yawa a tarihi, alal misali, bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 2010 a Chile sannan kuma tun daga ranar 19 ga Janairu, 2023.<ref name="OlivaresNieto4">{{Cite news |last=Olivares Nieto |first=B. |date=2023-01-26 |title=Río Maipo no desemboca en el mar desde el jueves pasado: Las razones del fenómeno |url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2023/01/26/1085003/rio-maipo-no-desemboca-mar.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |work=[[El Mercurio|Emol]] |language=Spanish}}</ref>Wannan canji na ƙarshe a cikin yanayin mashaya ya kasance sakamakon guguwar guguwa.<ref name="OlivaresNieto3">{{Cite news |last=Olivares Nieto |first=B. |date=2023-01-26 |title=Río Maipo no desemboca en el mar desde el jueves pasado: Las razones del fenómeno |url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2023/01/26/1085003/rio-maipo-no-desemboca-mar.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |work=[[El Mercurio|Emol]] |language=Spanish}}</ref>A ranar 28 ga watan Janairu an yi rami don sake haɗa kogin zuwa teku.<ref name="MaipoBiobio4">{{Cite news |last=Zamarin |first=Felipe |date=2023-01-28 |title=Río Maipo vuelve a desembocar en el mar tras construcción de zanja para encauzar caudal |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/aqui-tierra/noticias/2023/01/28/rio-maipo-vuelve-a-desembocar-en-el-mar-tras-construccion-de-zanja-para-encauzar-caudal.shtml |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]]}}</ref>Gwamnan yankin Valparaíso Rodrigo Mundaca ya soki gaskiyar cewa an gudanar da ayyukan ba tare da izini ba.<ref name="MaipoBiobio3">{{Cite news |last=Zamarin |first=Felipe |date=2023-01-28 |title=Río Maipo vuelve a desembocar en el mar tras construcción de zanja para encauzar caudal |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/aqui-tierra/noticias/2023/01/28/rio-maipo-vuelve-a-desembocar-en-el-mar-tras-construccion-de-zanja-para-encauzar-caudal.shtml |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]]}}</ref> Rashin fitarwa wanda ya haifar da [[Rikicin ruwa na Chile|yawan ruwa]] a cikin Kogin Maipo an yaba da shi saboda rashin iyawar kogin ya karya ta hanyar mashaya a watan Janairun 2023.<ref name="OlivaresNieto2">{{Cite news |last=Olivares Nieto |first=B. |date=2023-01-26 |title=Río Maipo no desemboca en el mar desde el jueves pasado: Las razones del fenómeno |url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2023/01/26/1085003/rio-maipo-no-desemboca-mar.html |access-date=2023-01-27 |work=[[El Mercurio|Emol]] |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name="MaipoBiobio2">{{Cite news |last=Zamarin |first=Felipe |date=2023-01-28 |title=Río Maipo vuelve a desembocar en el mar tras construcción de zanja para encauzar caudal |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/aqui-tierra/noticias/2023/01/28/rio-maipo-vuelve-a-desembocar-en-el-mar-tras-construccion-de-zanja-para-encauzar-caudal.shtml |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]]}}</ref> == Hanyar da ake ciki == ɓangaren sama na kogin, yana gudana cikin sauri kamar rafin ruwa mai ƙarfi ta cikin tsaunukan Andes. A nan, yana haɗuwa da manyan koguna guda uku, waɗanda su ne: Kogin El Volcán, Kogin Yeso da Kogin Colorado.Bayan ya bar tsaunukan Andes, Kogin Maipo yana gudana ta cikin kwarin da aka sanya wa sunansa. Wannan kwari yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan yankunan da ake samar da ruwan inabi (wine) a ƙasar Chile.<ref name="CAI2">{{cite book|last=Cai|first=Ximing|title=Modeling Water Resources Management at the Basin Level: Methodology and Application to the Maipo River Basin|author2=Claudia Ringler|author3=Mark W. Rosegrant|year=2006|publisher=International Food Policy Research Institute|location=Washington DC|isbn=978-0-89629-152-2}}</ref> Kogin Maipo yana tafiyar kilomita 250 (mil 160) kafin ya zuba cikin Tekun Pacific, kusa da garin Llolleo, a kudancin tashar jiragen ruwa ta San Antonio. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] cm7f8zq3gszghpqxjowzwgnxt0e2ntm 0 179087 966953 2026-10-12T21:12:09Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311236996|Shrub–steppe]]" 966953 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sagebrush.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Sagebrush]] Shrub-steppe wani nau'i ne na ƙasa mai ruwan sama. Duk da yake busasshiyar, shrub-steppes suna da isasshen danshi don tallafawa murfin ciyawa ko shrubs, fasalin da ke rarrabe su daga hamada. Hanyoyin muhalli na farko a tarihi a aiki a cikin yanayin halittu na shrub-steppe shine [[fari]] da [[Muhalli na wuta|wuta]]. Nau'o'in shuke-shuke na shuke-tsire sun haɓaka takamaiman daidaitawa ga ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da yanayin fari na rani. Daidaitawar shuke-shuke zuwa tsarin danshi daban-daban na ƙasa yana rinjayar rarraba su. tsarin wuta mai yawa a cikin shrub-steppe kamar haka yana ƙarawa ga tsarin shrub da ciyawa wanda ke nuna yanayin shrub-stappe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem |url=https://www.wnps.org/ecosystems#shrub-steppe |website=Ecosystems |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> == Arewacin Amurka == [[File:2013-07-04_15_37_14_Sagebrush-steppe_along_U.S._Route_93_in_central_Elko_County_in_Nevada.jpg|thumb|Yankin Sagebrush a arewa maso gabashin Nevada tare da US 93]] [[File:Fire_near_Hammett_Idaho_2005.jpg|thumb|Shrub-steppe, daya daga cikin yanayin halittu mafi haɗari na Amurka, a wuta. ''Artemisia tridentata'' ssp. ''Wyomingensis'', ba kamar ponderosa pine ba, bai dace da wuta ba kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an lalata shi gaba ɗaya.]] Yankunan shrub na Arewacin Amurka suna faruwa a yammacin Amurka da yammacin Kanada, a cikin inuwa tsakanin [[Yankin Cascade|Cascades]] da Sierra Nevada a yamma da Rocky Mountains a gabas. Sun shimfiɗa daga kudu maso tsakiyar [[British Columbia]] zuwa kudu maso tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], gabashin [[Oregon]], da gabashin [[California]], da kuma fadin [[Idaho]], [[Nevada]], da [[Utah]] zuwa yammacin [[Wyoming]] da [[Colorado]], da kuma sauka zuwa arewa da tsakiyar [[New Mexico]] da arewacin [[Arizona]]. Girma ya mamaye da farko ta ƙananan shrubs, kamar babban sagebrush (''Artemisia tridentata'') da bitterbrush (''Purshia tridentata''), tare da ruwan sama kaɗan don tallafawa ci gaban gandun daji, kodayake wasu bishiyoyi suna faruwa. Sauran tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci (((((((The shrub-steppes of North America occur in the western United States and western Canada, in the [[:en:Rain_shadow|rain shadow]] between the [[:en:Cascade_Range|Cascades]] and [[:en:Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)|Sierra Nevada]] on the west and the [[:en:Rocky_Mountains|Rocky Mountains]] on the east. They extend from south-central [[:en:British_Columbia|British Columbia]] down into south central and south-eastern [[:en:Washington_(state)|Washington]], eastern [[:en:Oregon|Oregon]], and eastern [[:en:California|California]], and across through [[:en:Idaho|Idaho]], [[:en:Nevada|Nevada]], and [[:en:Utah|Utah]] into western [[:en:Wyoming|Wyoming]] and [[:en:Colorado|Colorado]], and down)))))))))sune bunchgrasses kamar ''Pseudoroegneria spicata'', waɗanda a tarihi suka samar da abinci ga dabbobi da dabbobi na daji, amma ana maye gurbinsu da sauri da nau'ikan shekara-shekara kamar cheatgrass (''Bromus tectorum''), tumble mustard (''Sisymbrium altissimum''), da Russian thistle (''Salsola kali''). Har ila yau, akwai wasu dabbobi da ke kiran shrub-steppe gida, gami da sage grouse, pygmy rabbit, Western rattlesnake, da pronghorn. A tarihi, yawancin shrub-steppe a jihar Washington ana kiransu scabland saboda zurfin tashoshin da aka yanke cikin dutse mai tsabta ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa sama da shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. Manyan barazanar da ke tattare da yanayin halittu sun hada da kiwo, gobara, mamayewa ta jinsunan da ba na asali ba, ci gaba (tun da yawancin sa suna a ƙananan tsaunuka), juyawa zuwa gonar amfanin gona, da ci gaban makamashi. Kasa da kashi 50% na tarihin shrub-steppe na jihar Washington ya kasance; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrubsteppe Ecology |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202153051/http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-12-02 |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife}}</ref> bisa ga wasu kimantawa, kawai 12 zuwa 15% ya kasance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Threats to the Shrub-Steppe |url=http://www.wnps.org/ecosystems/shrubsteppe_eco/threats.htm |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> Yankunan da ke cikin tsaunuka na Arewacin Amurka sun hada da: * Babban gandun daji na Basin a gabashin California, tsakiyar Nevada, yammacin Utah, da kudu maso gabashin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Great Basin shrub steppe|id=na1305}}</ref> * Yankin Snake-Columbia a kudancin tsakiyar jihar Washington, gabashin Oregon, arewa maso gabashin California, arewacin Nevada, da kudancin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Snake-Columbia shrub steppe|id=na1309}}</ref> * Wyoming Basin shrub steppe a tsakiyar Wyoming, ya kai kudu maso tsakiyar Montana, arewa maso gabashin Utah, kudu maso gabashin Idaho, da arewa maso yammacin Colorado.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Wyoming Basin shrub steppe|id=na1313}}</ref> * Kudancin Okanagan shrub steppe a cikin Okanagan Valley a kudu maso tsakiyar British Columbia, da kuma kudancin Similkameen Valley a kudu-tsakiya na British Columbia da arewa maso tsakiyar Washington jihar. Kudancin Tsakiyar Rockies, Kwarin Montana da wuraren ciyawa, da kuma gandun daji na Blue Mountains suma suna dauke da shrub-steppes. == Dubi kuma == * Arid Lands Ecology Reserve (a cikin jihar Washington a Amurka) * Artemisia tridentata * Yankin hamada da shrublands * Rangeland * [[Yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka]] * Yankunan ciyawa, savannah, da kuma shrublands == Bayanan da aka ambata == 5uhkf26dvrdx0eoz44q49w1vu9hst2o 966954 966953 2026-10-12T21:13:04Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 966954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sagebrush.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Sagebrush]] Shrub-steppe wani nau'i ne na ƙasa mai ruwan sama. Duk da yake busasshiyar, shrub-steppes suna da isasshen danshi don tallafawa murfin ciyawa ko shrubs, fasalin da ke rarrabe su daga hamada. Hanyoyin muhalli na farko a tarihi a aiki a cikin yanayin halittu na shrub-steppe shine [[fari]] da [[Muhalli na wuta|wuta]]. Nau'o'in shuke-shuke na shuke-tsire sun haɓaka takamaiman daidaitawa ga ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da yanayin fari na rani. Daidaitawar shuke-shuke zuwa tsarin danshi daban-daban na ƙasa yana rinjayar rarraba su. tsarin wuta mai yawa a cikin shrub-steppe kamar haka yana ƙarawa ga tsarin shrub da ciyawa wanda ke nuna yanayin shrub-stappe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem |url=https://www.wnps.org/ecosystems#shrub-steppe |website=Ecosystems |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> == Arewacin Amurka == [[File:2013-07-04_15_37_14_Sagebrush-steppe_along_U.S._Route_93_in_central_Elko_County_in_Nevada.jpg|thumb|Yankin Sagebrush a arewa maso gabashin Nevada tare da US 93]] [[File:Fire_near_Hammett_Idaho_2005.jpg|thumb|Shrub-steppe, daya daga cikin yanayin halittu mafi haɗari na Amurka, a wuta. ''Artemisia tridentata'' ssp. ''Wyomingensis'', ba kamar ponderosa pine ba, bai dace da wuta ba kuma a mafi yawan lokuta an lalata shi gaba ɗaya.]] Yankunan shrub na Arewacin Amurka suna faruwa a yammacin Amurka da yammacin Kanada, a cikin inuwa tsakanin [[Yankin Cascade|Cascades]] da Sierra Nevada a yamma da Rocky Mountains a gabas. Sun shimfiɗa daga kudu maso tsakiyar [[British Columbia]] zuwa kudu maso tsakiya da kudu maso gabashin [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], gabashin [[Oregon]], da gabashin [[California]], da kuma fadin [[Idaho]], [[Nevada]], da [[Utah]] zuwa yammacin [[Wyoming]] da [[Colorado]], da kuma sauka zuwa arewa da tsakiyar [[New Mexico]] da arewacin [[Arizona]]. Girma ya mamaye da farko ta ƙananan shrubs, kamar babban sagebrush (''Artemisia tridentata'') da bitterbrush (''Purshia tridentata''), tare da ruwan sama kaɗan don tallafawa ci gaban gandun daji, kodayake wasu bishiyoyi suna faruwa. Sauran tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci sune bunchgrasses kamar ''Pseudoroegneria spicata'', waɗanda a tarihi suka samar da abinci ga dabbobi da dabbobi na daji, amma ana maye gurbinsu da sauri da nau'ikan shekara-shekara kamar cheatgrass (''Bromus tectorum''), tumble mustard (''Sisymbrium altissimum''), da Russian thistle (''Salsola kali''). Har ila yau, akwai wasu dabbobi da ke kiran shrub-steppe gida, gami da sage grouse, pygmy rabbit, Western rattlesnake, da pronghorn. A tarihi, yawancin shrub-steppe a jihar Washington ana kiransu scabland saboda zurfin tashoshin da aka yanke cikin dutse mai tsabta ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa sama da shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata. Manyan barazanar da ke tattare da yanayin halittu sun hada da kiwo, gobara, mamayewa ta jinsunan da ba na asali ba, ci gaba (tun da yawancin sa suna a ƙananan tsaunuka), juyawa zuwa gonar amfanin gona, da ci gaban makamashi. Kasa da kashi 50% na tarihin shrub-steppe na jihar Washington ya kasance; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shrubsteppe Ecology |url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202153051/http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/research/projects/shrubsteppe/ |archive-date=2017-12-02 |access-date=2017-12-02 |publisher=Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife}}</ref> bisa ga wasu kimantawa, kawai 12 zuwa 15% ya kasance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Threats to the Shrub-Steppe |url=http://www.wnps.org/ecosystems/shrubsteppe_eco/threats.htm |publisher=Washington Native Plant Society}}</ref> Yankunan da ke cikin tsaunuka na Arewacin Amurka sun hada da: * Babban gandun daji na Basin a gabashin California, tsakiyar Nevada, yammacin Utah, da kudu maso gabashin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Great Basin shrub steppe|id=na1305}}</ref> * Yankin Snake-Columbia a kudancin tsakiyar jihar Washington, gabashin Oregon, arewa maso gabashin California, arewacin Nevada, da kudancin Idaho.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Snake-Columbia shrub steppe|id=na1309}}</ref> * Wyoming Basin shrub steppe a tsakiyar Wyoming, ya kai kudu maso tsakiyar Montana, arewa maso gabashin Utah, kudu maso gabashin Idaho, da arewa maso yammacin Colorado.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Wyoming Basin shrub steppe|id=na1313}}</ref> * Kudancin Okanagan shrub steppe a cikin Okanagan Valley a kudu maso tsakiyar British Columbia, da kuma kudancin Similkameen Valley a kudu-tsakiya na British Columbia da arewa maso tsakiyar Washington jihar. Kudancin Tsakiyar Rockies, Kwarin Montana da wuraren ciyawa, da kuma gandun daji na Blue Mountains suma suna dauke da shrub-steppes. == Dubi kuma == * Arid Lands Ecology Reserve (a cikin jihar Washington a Amurka) * Artemisia tridentata * Yankin hamada da shrublands * Rangeland * [[Yankin da ke cikin tsaunuka]] * Yankunan ciyawa, savannah, da kuma shrublands == Bayanan da aka ambata == jnkxfqcdb75m8la6rvzad46142qezsw 3 179088 966957 2026-10-12T21:23:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966957 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, OrdinariusFingius! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/OrdinariusFingius|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a09duw6yd5vqke6ccy4bbqiljckt7cs 3 179089 966958 2026-10-12T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966958 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tiouraren! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tiouraren|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 6cec28py68gyflcf8hcoik8zj2jzj5s 3 179090 966959 2026-10-12T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966959 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Isthmus55! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Isthmus55|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ra81kxgcj10evnv918gqi6kr9xyfmnu 3 179091 966960 2026-10-12T21:23:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966960 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bashniggy! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bashniggy|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ch40u2s662z1y0w55kxpojfg0h5zvda 3 179092 966961 2026-10-12T21:24:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966961 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Torin891! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Torin891|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 53pl40wk23j4kmb6gb5i7phwtdr8v1w 3 179093 966962 2026-10-12T21:24:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966962 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Richardalijos! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Richardalijos|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) cjf50ihdyx4ozkysjstmgq1r62sd8m8 3 179094 966963 2026-10-12T21:24:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966963 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Boncoincoin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Boncoincoin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7vfze6g5xf9dh38b5h1tksruq1e2b4e 3 179095 966964 2026-10-12T21:24:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966964 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ALIYU HASKE! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ALIYU HASKE|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) f0m1a7g4lucszh268olcz35cww56msf 3 179096 966965 2026-10-12T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966965 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Voilauneencyclobienremplie! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Voilauneencyclobienremplie|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) l7saem64pxrtr4g2ocreczwylw0ec4r 3 179097 966966 2026-10-12T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966966 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rhubarble! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rhubarble|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) emaeghos2c2cvyuur623e4op8p2mgtu 3 179098 966967 2026-10-12T21:25:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966967 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kennixon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kennixon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) k26kqe0ryaxe9aijxwhpblz84uvboag 3 179099 966968 2026-10-12T21:25:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966968 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aficionado538! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aficionado538|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1dthi5wd64vk3vc4v8wptobz82vbzj3 3 179100 966969 2026-10-12T21:25:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966969 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SpiderMum! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SpiderMum|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kkbng7j60n1xqio6p7vrhhbm90kt8wt 3 179101 966970 2026-10-12T21:25:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966970 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chuksekere! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chuksekere|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) nia7e0ndqegkm5o0aw6ljg5kqjkus01 3 179102 966971 2026-10-12T21:25:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966971 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TV7Baltic! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TV7Baltic|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) aknzpvo5b7hp0vx89bvzilexpyc88rw 3 179103 966972 2026-10-12T21:25:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966972 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dlmn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dlmn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kqb7tivvvu75c4ddtac1bchzqrrxray 3 179104 966973 2026-10-12T21:26:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966973 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DaniShom6! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DaniShom6|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) p1zo5s8maegtqutwqeverlwt2926af8 3 179105 966974 2026-10-12T21:26:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966974 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, CareAhLine! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/CareAhLine|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) c3lbk0hu6knegt0t9wekwnq2blkqxn5 3 179106 966975 2026-10-12T21:26:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966975 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Naseerfana! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Naseerfana|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) h68ctfhse0ikp0mo28p2kdkiz6quotq 3 179107 966976 2026-10-12T21:26:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966976 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Usma2548! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Usma2548|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j0qqqfbd7bd1pcdl2xadmzggzvyi551 3 179108 966977 2026-10-12T21:26:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966977 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Muhammad Khalifah bin Ali Marican! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Muhammad Khalifah bin Ali Marican|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7p6q4qpnyrdktz33kynr59vksmz7ql6 3 179109 966978 2026-10-12T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966978 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yoila Titus lala! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yoila Titus lala|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7mr8o6tmd0w63za9w3a228cb2ab0shk 3 179110 966979 2026-10-12T21:27:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966979 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Marvelous udoruisi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Marvelous udoruisi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jy3ech5h8tbxnx9brz5avjbqgwpyble 3 179111 966980 2026-10-12T21:27:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966980 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Giorgi13! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Giorgi13|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 182l1v2nes586ij5p1t6o2tyx71rn5j 3 179112 966981 2026-10-12T21:27:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966981 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yanisperron! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yanisperron|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) m834jhyqmgmjli28mbspua8m5ofys79 3 179113 966982 2026-10-12T21:27:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966982 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Siraj Meki! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Siraj Meki|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) in6f12vbnc8y1vrzdc84p72b6h2dcoq 3 179114 966983 2026-10-12T21:27:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966983 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Murpda! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Murpda|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 0abt3i33isdyby6j4vt7tz4zl8cibii 3 179115 966984 2026-10-12T21:27:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966984 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mehrabpr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mehrabpr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 4qyggcd46ekln91wr6du3l7rof31lva 3 179116 966985 2026-10-12T21:28:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966985 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Musa Lurwanu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Musa Lurwanu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) la8mpdqnr71a9m0o8j46kle5f4m51ko 3 179117 966986 2026-10-12T21:28:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966986 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yusuf Danmarna! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yusuf Danmarna|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ir9nl2tmtlx6k8z825bik2ybbmvu71m 3 179118 966987 2026-10-12T21:28:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966987 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Natemup! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Natemup|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j6ys329dl03gc708mr1l291agzo6kvf 3 179119 966988 2026-10-12T21:28:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966988 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LeGabrie! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LeGabrie|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 76phwz6o3hd3rfzh4xbuwo7oo4m7px5 3 179120 966989 2026-10-12T21:28:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966989 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hafil SHAFIULLAHA! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hafil SHAFIULLAHA|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hqlb2q42tuf4poiibc738atzeywtavn 3 179121 966990 2026-10-12T21:28:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966990 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 0wldeity! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/0wldeity|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) pzrq3to7wu0tr02s92w8ll1c7tm4k36 3 179122 966991 2026-10-12T21:29:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966991 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Damstonik! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Damstonik|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ptzfjjhj2dpge1ivyioc5ooqxr36h24 3 179123 966992 2026-10-12T21:29:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966992 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Husseini hassan19*! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Husseini hassan19*|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oiozxy5aeto3jf7qhir3az3zzfyv5n3 3 179124 966993 2026-10-12T21:29:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966993 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Richc1949! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Richc1949|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) po170kdbleafmtgb7x8zdwpdcsff6rl 3 179125 966994 2026-10-12T21:29:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966994 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Batman47773981! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Batman47773981|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) fl1zbw48w4e1prl75yoobj6fyl5wdpp 3 179126 966995 2026-10-12T21:29:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966995 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Msani159! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Msani159|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) id0n3kyfcfylzr6qfnpfjmpcag9b1dm 3 179127 966996 2026-10-12T21:29:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966996 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Rusmeljr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Rusmeljr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:29, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) cnruaa4s3nxhtif11k875ngcc0bo3zg 3 179128 966997 2026-10-12T21:30:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966997 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, FlynnMcCann! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/FlynnMcCann|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:30, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 1v8f3n2wuzyaofcxvrlti1juyddrbob 3 179129 966998 2026-10-12T21:30:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966998 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheCrimemaster! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheCrimemaster|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:30, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dc8xmi3vm93ni92p1yrnwtl5p39m5ij 3 179130 966999 2026-10-12T21:30:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 966999 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Camber35! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Camber35|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:30, 12 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) f435love3ybci3hqaogocuxzsrdv2cy 0 179131 967009 2026-10-12T22:28:07Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Shehu Usman Hassan | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi, harkokin kuɗi, rahoton kuɗi, shugabancin kamfanoni | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Shehu Usman Hassan''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kuɗi. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi rahoton ku... 967009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shehu Usman Hassan | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = Lissafin kuɗi, harkokin kuɗi, rahoton kuɗi, shugabancin kamfanoni | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Shehu Usman Hassan''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin lissafin kuɗi da harkokin kuɗi. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Federal University of Kashere]] da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi rahoton kuɗi, ingancin bayanan kuɗi, gudanar da kamfanoni, binciken kuɗi da haraji.<ref name="RG">{{cite web |title=Shehu Usman Hassan — Research Profile |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shehu-Hassan-3 |website=ResearchGate |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> An ambaci sunansa a cikin kundin malaman jami'o'i masu matsayin farfesa da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta Najeriya ta wallafa a shekarar 2021. Kundin ya lissafa shi a Faculty of Management Sciences, fannin Accounting, na Federal University of Kashere.<ref name="Directory">{{cite web |title=2021 Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |publisher=Federal Ministry of Education, Nigeria |date=2021 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Hassan ya yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da binciken lissafin kuɗi. Bayanan aikinsa sun haɗa da alaƙa da Sashen Accounting na [[Ahmadu Bello University]] da ke Zariya, sannan daga baya ya kasance malami a Federal University of Kashere. Shafin bincikensa ya bayyana shi a matsayin farfesa a fannin Accounting and Finance kuma shugaban Faculty of Management Sciences.<ref name="RG" /> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Hassan ya yi bincike kan rahoton kuɗi, ingancin bayanan kuɗi, shugabancin kamfanoni da binciken kuɗi. Wallafe-wallafensa sun haɗa da nazarin alaƙar tsarin gudanar da kamfanoni da ingancin bayanan kuɗi a kamfanonin Najeriya.<ref name="RG" /> A shekarar 2014, ya wallafa tare da Musa Adeiza Farouk wani bincike mai taken ''Firm Attributes and Earnings Quality of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria''. An wallafa binciken a cikin Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, inda marubutan suka binciki alaƙar halayen kamfanoni da ingancin bayanan kuɗin kamfanonin mai da gas da aka jera a kasuwar hannayen jari ta Najeriya.<ref name="Paper">{{cite journal |last1=Hassan |first1=Shehu Usman |last2=Farouk |first2=Musa Adeiza |title=Firm Attributes and Earnings Quality of Listed Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria |journal=Research Journal of Finance and Accounting |volume=5 |issue=17 |date=2014 |url=https://fileserver-az.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234630116.pdf }}</ref> Haka kuma, shafin marubuta na Nigerian Journal of Accounting Research ya lissafa Hassan a matsayin marubucin bincike kan lissafin kuɗi da harkokin tattalin arziki.<ref name="NJAR">{{cite web |title=Shehu Usman Hassan — Author Profile |url=https://njar.org.ng/author/shehu-usman-hassan-319 |website=Nigerian Journal of Accounting Research |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafin kuɗi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] [[Rukuni:Malaman Ahmadu Bello University]] thhc3wo00dsumb7fhwacci3hnxvp7u9 0 179132 967010 2026-10-12T22:31:00Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Yahaya Ibraheem Yero | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a | field = Nazarin addini | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Yahaya Ibraheem Yero''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin nazarin addini. Ya kasance malami a Sashen Nazarin Addini na [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin shugaban Hukumar Ilimin Firamare ta Jihar Bauchi (SUBEB) daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Associate Editors |url=ht... 967010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yahaya Ibraheem Yero | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a | field = Nazarin addini | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Yahaya Ibraheem Yero''' farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin nazarin addini. Ya kasance malami a Sashen Nazarin Addini na [[Federal University of Kashere]], Jihar Gombe. Ya kuma riƙe muƙamin shugaban Hukumar Ilimin Firamare ta Jihar Bauchi (SUBEB) daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019.<ref name="FUK">{{cite web |title=Associate Editors |url=https://journals.fukashere.edu.ng/index.php/kjhmss/Associate |website=Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences |publisher=Federal University of Kashere |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref><ref name="SUBEB">{{cite web |title=Past Leadership |url=https://subeb.bu.gov.ng/past_leadership.php |website=Bauchi State Universal Basic Education Board |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Yero ya yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da bincike a kan addini. Shafin editocin Kashere Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Sciences ya lissafa shi a matsayin farfesa a Sashen Nazarin Addini na Federal University of Kashere.<ref name="FUK" /> A cikin ayyukan rubuce-rubucensa, an ambaci littafinsa ko rubutunsa mai taken ''Nigeria as a Multi-Religious State: Meaning and Implication'', wanda aka danganta da wani taron nazari da aka gudanar a Jos a shekarar 1999. Wannan aiki ya shafi fahimtar Najeriya a matsayin ƙasa mai mabiya addinai daban-daban.<ref name="Thesis">{{cite web |title=The Anglican Church in Northern Nigeria under the ... |url=https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstreams/ade4e770-fb48-4c48-9cdc-171ef6dc5174/download |website=ResearchSpace, University of KwaZulu-Natal |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Aikin gwamnati == Yero ya kasance shugaban Hukumar Ilimin Firamare ta Jihar Bauchi daga 2015 zuwa 2019. Shafin hukuma na hukumar ya lissafa shi cikin tsoffin shugabanninta.<ref name="SUBEB" /> == Shugabancin jami'a == A watan Agusta na shekarar 2026, wani rahoto ya bayyana Yero a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Jewel University da ke Gombe. Rahoton ya ce ya jagoranci tawagar jami'ar a ziyarar da suka kai Gombe State University domin ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da samun jagoranci kan tafiyar da jami'a.<ref name="Jewel">{{cite news |title=Jewel University Management Visits Gombe State University for Mentorship and Collaboration |url=https://myschoolnews.ng/jewel-university-management-visits-gombe-state-university-for-mentorship-and-collaboration |work=Myschoolnews |date=12 Agusta 2026 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana nazarin addini]] [[Rukuni:Masu gudanar da ilimi a Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] b7udv6gtmcpf3mwq4oq3wxtxlh5xco8 0 179133 967011 2026-10-12T22:39:10Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Peter Buba Zirra | other_names = P. B. Zirra | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = [[Kimiyyar kwamfuta]], tsaro na kwamfuta, sadarwar kwamfuta, ɓoye bayanai | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Peter Buba Zirra''', wanda aka fi sani da '''P. B. Zirra''', farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Mathematics and Computer Science na Federal Un... 967011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Peter Buba Zirra | other_names = P. B. Zirra | occupation = Farfesa, malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = [[Kimiyyar kwamfuta]], tsaro na kwamfuta, sadarwar kwamfuta, ɓoye bayanai | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Peter Buba Zirra''', wanda aka fi sani da '''P. B. Zirra''', farfesa ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[kimiyyar kwamfuta]]. Yana da alaƙa da Sashen Mathematics and Computer Science na [[Federal University of Kashere]], da ke Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Bincikensa ya shafi sadarwar kwamfuta, tsaron bayanai, matakan ɓoye bayanai da rage girman fayiloli.<ref name="IJES">{{cite journal |last1=Mikailu |first1=Habila |last2=Wajiga |first2=G. M. |last3=Zirra |first3=P. B. |title=Students' Admission Placement in Nigerian Universities Using Artificial Neural Networks |journal=The International Journal of Engineering and Science |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=31–40 |date=2014 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369188992_Students%27_Admission_placement_in_Nigerian_Universities_Using_Artificial_Neural_Networks_1 }}</ref> == Ilimi == Bayanin tarihin marubuci a cikin wata takardar bincike ta shekarar 2014 ya bayyana cewa Zirra ya sami digirin B.Tech. a fannin Computer Science daga Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University a shekarar 1994, digirin M.Sc. a fannin Computer Science a shekarar 2006, MBA a fannin kuɗi daga University of Maiduguri a shekarar 2000, da digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Computer Science daga Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, a shekarar 2012.<ref name="IJES" /> == Aikin ilimi == Zirra ya yi aiki a fannin koyarwa da bincike a jami'o'in Najeriya. Littafin jagorar shirin karatun Computer Science na Federal University of Kashere ya bayyana cewa ya kasance shugaban sashen daga 2014 zuwa 2018, sannan ya sake zama shugaban sashen a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2020.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Computer Science Undergraduate Students' Handbook, 2019–2023 |url=https://fukashere.com.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/BSc_Computer_Science-Handbook-2019_2023.pdf |publisher=Federal University of Kashere }}</ref> == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Zirra ya wallafa bincike kan batutuwan da suka shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta da tsaron bayanai. A shekarar 2011, ya yi bincike tare da G. M. Wajiga mai taken ''Radical Data Compression Algorithm Using Factorization'', wanda aka wallafa a International Journal of Computer Science and Security.<ref name="IJES" /> A shekarar 2023, Zirra da A. M. Babayo sun wallafa bincike kan amfani da tsarin transformation semigroup wajen rage girman hotuna. Binciken ya bayyana alaƙarsu da Sashen Mathematics and Computer Science na Federal University of Kashere.<ref name="ImageCompression">{{cite web |title=Image Compression Using Magical Full Transformation Semigroup |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373605928_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_USING_MAGICAL_FULL_TRANSFORMATION_SEMIGROUP |website=ResearchGate |date=2023 }}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Zirra da Aliyu Ibrahim Agaie sun wallafa bincike mai taken ''Optimized Resource Allocation Framework for Energy-Efficient IoT Networks'' a Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. Binciken ya shafi inganta yadda na'urorin intanet na abubuwa (IoT) ke amfani da albarkatun sadarwa da makamashi.<ref name="IoT">{{cite journal |last1=Zirra |first1=P. B. |last2=Agaie |first2=Aliyu Ibrahim |title=Optimized Resource Allocation Framework for Energy-Efficient IoT Networks |journal=Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences |volume=11 |issue=2c |pages=258–266 |date=2025 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/dujopas/article/view/298791 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana kimiyyar kwamfuta]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] 3utgc14ggok1olm3pxwhbbdfqa0mpza 0 179134 967012 2026-10-12T22:43:20Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Isah Adamu | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafi]] | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Ibrahim Isah Adamu''' malamin jami'a ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Littafin jagorar ɗalibai na sashen Mathematics da Computer Science na [[Federal University of Kashere]], wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2015, ya lissafa shi a matsayin ''Reader'' a fannin Mathematics.<ref name="Han... 967012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ibrahim Isah Adamu | occupation = Malamin jami'a, mai bincike | employer = [[Federal University of Kashere]] | field = [[Lissafi]] | nationality = [[Najeriya]] }} '''Ibrahim Isah Adamu''' malamin jami'a ne ɗan Najeriya a fannin [[lissafi]]. Littafin jagorar ɗalibai na sashen Mathematics da Computer Science na [[Federal University of Kashere]], wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2015, ya lissafa shi a matsayin ''Reader'' a fannin Mathematics.<ref name="Handbook">{{cite web |title=B.Sc. Computer Science & B.Sc. Mathematics Programmes Students’ Handbook |url=https://fukashere.edu.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Old-Students-Handbook-2015.pdf |publisher=Federal University of Kashere |date=2015 |access-date=12 Oktoba 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi == A cewar littafin jagorar jami'ar, Adamu ya samu digirin farko na B.Sc. a fannin Mathematics daga Federal University of Technology, Yola, a shekarar 1989. Ya kuma samu digirin M.Sc. a fannin Mathematics daga University of Benin a shekarar 1993, sannan ya kammala digirin PhD a fannin Mathematics a Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, a shekarar 2012.<ref name="Handbook" /> == Aikin jami'a == Littafin jagorar shekarar 2015 ya lissafa Adamu a matsayin ''Reader'' kuma malami mai ziyara (visiting staff) a fannin Mathematics a Federal University of Kashere.<ref name="Handbook" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Rukunoni == [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'o'i na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Masana lissafi]] [[Rukuni:Ma'aikatan Federal University of Kashere]] bx1qw9g6c1pvo7nyep8k3wdpm4t7v8n 0 179135 967070 2026-10-13T06:41:59Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1374396273|Chancellor High School]]" 967070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati wadda ƙungiyar makarantun sakandare ta Kudu ta amince da ita. Tana cikin gundumar Salem a yankin arewa maso yammacin gundumar Spotsylvania, VA, Amurka. == Tarihi == An buɗe makarantar sakandare ta Chancellor a kaka ta 1988 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun sakandare biyar a gundumar Spotsylvania . A halin yanzu{{When|date=August 2019}} Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor tana da ɗalibai kusan 1357. An sanya wa makarantar sakandare ta Chancellor suna ne saboda Yaƙin Basasa na Chancellorsville, wanda aka yi a yammacin makarantar, kuma tana da mutuncin zama mamallakin filin jirgin saman USS Chancellorsville . Sunan Chancellor ya samo asali ne daga dangin George Chancellor wanda ke gudanar da Chancellorsville Inn, wani wurin da ake shiryawa da kuma cibiyar yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Chancellorsville. == Wasanni == Duk da cewa har yanzu memba ne a Gundumar Battlefield, Chancellor a halin yanzu yana fafatawa a cikin Taro na 22 na [[VHSL Group 4B North Region]] . === Zakarun jiha === Chancellor ya lashe gasar zakarun jihohi tara na VHSL: <ref>{{Cite web |title=VHSL Book of Records |url=http://www.vhsl.org/doc/upload/pub-vhsl-recordbook-june-20131.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095140/http://www.vhsl.org/doc/upload/pub-vhsl-recordbook-june-20131.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-07 |access-date=2013-07-15}}</ref> * Wasan Hockey na 'Yan Mata a Filin: 1994, 2001, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2018 * Kwallon Kafa ta Maza: 1990, 2003, 1939 * Wasan Tennis na Maza: 2000, 2077 * Hawan Dawaki na Samari: 2005, 2006, 2009 == Fasaha Mai Kyau == An amince da sashen kiɗa a Chancellor a matsayin Makarantar Blue Ribbon, ma'ana duk manyan ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice (Symphonic Orchestra, Vocal Ensemble, da Wind Ensemble) sun sami Matsakaicin Matsayi a Kimantawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Ribbon Award |url=http://www.vmea.com/index.php/awards/blue-ribbon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120030900/http://www.vmea.com/index.php/awards/blue-ribbon |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=Virginia Music Educators Association}}</ref> === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo === Sashen Wasan Kwaikwayo na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi da dama na ɗaliban da ba sa zuwa makaranta da kuma nau'ikan azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayo da ke yin "Wasannin Ɗaya" a duk shekara. Redbox ƙungiya ce ta wasannin motsa jiki ta waje inda ɗalibai ke fuskantar ƙalubale iri-iri na wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da tsara yanayi, labarai, barkwanci, har ma da waƙoƙi. Bugu da ƙari, Sashen Wasan Kwaikwayo na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor yana shirya waƙoƙin shekara-shekara. === Ƙungiyar mawaƙa === Ƙungiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor ƙungiya ce ta Virginia Honor sau 24 wadda ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin kiɗa guda huɗu: Jazz Band, Wind Ensemble, Symphonic Band, da Concert Band; a matsayin mafi girma zuwa mafi ƙarancin wasa; kuma suna ci gaba da samun maki mafi kyau a kimantawa. == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Yetur Gross-Matos - Dan wasan baya na NFL ga Carolina Panthers * EJ Jenkins - Ƙungiyar NFL mai ƙarfi ga Philadelphia Eagles <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ventre, Ralph |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Meet the Jets' UDFA: EJ Jenkins, TE, Georgia Tech (49) |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/jets/players/meet-the-jets-udfa-ej-jenkins-te-georgia-tech |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> * Rashard Kelly - ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka na ADA Blois na Betclic Élite == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.chancellorband.org/ Shafin yanar gizo na Makada na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor] ss6o4dzp8n5l2rfl9tilw5fb790zjvz 967071 967070 2026-10-13T06:42:43Z Baffa ali 47435 967071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor''' makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati wadda ƙungiyar makarantun sakandare ta Kudu ta amince da ita. Tana cikin gundumar Salem a yankin arewa maso yammacin gundumar Spotsylvania, VA, Amurka. == Tarihi == An buɗe makarantar sakandare ta Chancellor a kaka ta 1988 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun sakandare biyar a gundumar Spotsylvania . A halin yanzu{{When|date=August 2019}} Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor tana da ɗalibai kusan 1357. An sanya wa makarantar sakandare ta Chancellor suna ne saboda Yaƙin Basasa na Chancellorsville, wanda aka yi a yammacin makarantar, kuma tana da mutuncin zama mamallakin filin jirgin saman USS Chancellorsville . Sunan Chancellor ya samo asali ne daga dangin George Chancellor wanda ke gudanar da Chancellorsville Inn, wani wurin da ake shiryawa da kuma cibiyar yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Chancellorsville. == Wasanni == Duk da cewa har yanzu memba ne a Gundumar Battlefield, Chancellor a halin yanzu yana fafatawa a cikin Taro na 22 na [[VHSL Group 4B North Region]] . === Zakarun jiha === Chancellor ya lashe gasar zakarun jihohi tara na VHSL: <ref>{{Cite web |title=VHSL Book of Records |url=http://www.vhsl.org/doc/upload/pub-vhsl-recordbook-june-20131.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095140/http://www.vhsl.org/doc/upload/pub-vhsl-recordbook-june-20131.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-07 |access-date=2013-07-15}}</ref> * Wasan Hockey na 'Yan Mata a Filin: 1994, 2001, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2018 * Kwallon Kafa ta Maza: 1990, 2003, 1939 * Wasan Tennis na Maza: 2000, 2077 * Hawan Dawaki na Samari: 2005, 2006, 2009 == Fasaha Mai Kyau == An amince da sashen kiɗa a Chancellor a matsayin Makarantar Blue Ribbon, ma'ana duk manyan ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice (Symphonic Orchestra, Vocal Ensemble, da Wind Ensemble) sun sami Matsakaicin Matsayi a Kimantawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Ribbon Award |url=http://www.vmea.com/index.php/awards/blue-ribbon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120030900/http://www.vmea.com/index.php/awards/blue-ribbon |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=Virginia Music Educators Association}}</ref> === Gidan wasan kwaikwayo === Sashen Wasan Kwaikwayo na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi da dama na ɗaliban da ba sa zuwa makaranta da kuma nau'ikan azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayo da ke yin "Wasannin Ɗaya" a duk shekara. Redbox ƙungiya ce ta wasannin motsa jiki ta waje inda ɗalibai ke fuskantar ƙalubale iri-iri na wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da tsara yanayi, labarai, barkwanci, har ma da waƙoƙi. Bugu da ƙari, Sashen Wasan Kwaikwayo na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor yana shirya waƙoƙin shekara-shekara. === Ƙungiyar mawaƙa === Ƙungiyar Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor ƙungiya ce ta Virginia Honor sau 24 wadda ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin kiɗa guda huɗu: Jazz Band, Wind Ensemble, Symphonic Band, da Concert Band; a matsayin mafi girma zuwa mafi ƙarancin wasa; kuma suna ci gaba da samun maki mafi kyau a kimantawa. == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Yetur Gross-Matos - Dan wasan baya na NFL ga Carolina Panthers * EJ Jenkins - Ƙungiyar NFL mai ƙarfi ga Philadelphia Eagles <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ventre, Ralph |date=May 8, 2023 |title=Meet the Jets' UDFA: EJ Jenkins, TE, Georgia Tech (49) |url=https://www.si.com/nfl/jets/players/meet-the-jets-udfa-ej-jenkins-te-georgia-tech |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> * Rashard Kelly - ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka na ADA Blois na Betclic Élite == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.chancellorband.org/ Shafin yanar gizo na Makada na Makarantar Sakandare ta Chancellor] == Manazarta == so49f0mfkqfq8u1m1k1o3y3yvwhy48h 0 179136 967081 2026-10-13T09:02:09Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378060922|Al-Mustansir II]]" 967081 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn al-Ẓāhir'''<nowiki> (lit." data-linkid="84" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Langx","href":"./Template:Langx"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ar"},"2":{"wt":"أبو القاسم أحمد بن الظاهر"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Arabic_language" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic: أبو القاسم أحمد بن الظ; ya mutu 28 Nuwamba 1261), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mulkin </nowiki>'''al-Mustanṣir (II) bi-llāh''' (Arabic) <nowiki>''</nowiki>) shi ne Khalifa na farko na Abbasid a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a ƙarƙashin Mamluk Sultanate. Sultan Baybars ne ya kafa shi, ya yi sarauta kusan watanni biyar kafin a kashe shi a yaƙi a gaban Mongols a ƙoƙarin sake dawo da Baghdad. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Tarihi da sanarwar === Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad ɗan Khalifa al-Zahir ne kuma ɗan'uwan Khalifa al'al-Mustansir.<ref name="Banister2021-25">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai iya zama abokin hamayya na dangin Abbasid, dan uwansa, Khalifa al-Musta'sim ne ya ɗaure shi.<ref name="Islampedia">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Al-Mustansir II |url=http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035825/http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archive-date=2008-06-11 |publisher=Islampedia.com |language=Arabic}}</ref> A cikin 1258, Mongols An kori Baghdad kuma sun kashe al-Musta'sim. A cikin firgici da ya biyo baya, Mongols sun 'yantar da Ahmad, kuma sun ɓoye tsakanin kabilun Bedouin a cikin hamada.<ref name="Holt1984-501">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> A cikin 1260, Mamluks na Masar sun ci nasara kuma sun kori Mongols daga Levant a Yaƙin Ain Jalut . A wannan lokacin(((((Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad was the son of caliph [[:en:Al-Zahir_bi-Amr_Allah|al-Zahir]] and the brother of caliph [[:en:Al-Mustansir_I|al-Mustansir]].<ref name="Banister2021-252">{{harvnb|Banister|2021|p=25}}</ref> As a potentially rival member of the [[:en:Abbasid_dynasty|Abbasid family]], he had been imprisoned by his nephew, caliph [[:en:Al-Musta'sim|al-Musta'sim]].<ref name="Islampedia2">{{cite web |title=Biography of Al-Mustansir II |url=http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035825/http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archivedate=2008-06-11 |publisher=Islampedia.com |language=Arabic}}</ref> In 1258, Mongols [[:en:Siege_of_Baghdad|sacked Baghdad]] and executed al-Musta'sim. In the ensuing panic, Ahmad was freed by the Mongols, and hid amongst the [[:en:Bedouin|Bedouin]] tribes in the desert.<ref name="Holt1984-5012">{{harvnb|Holt|1984|p=501}}</ref> In 1260, the Mamluks of Egypt defeated and drove out Mongols from [[:en:Levant|Levant]] at the [[:en:Battle_of_Ain_Jalut|Battle of Ain Jalut]]. At this point, Ahmad traveled to Syria in hopes of securing official support. The Mamluk [[:en:Emir|emirs]] near Damascus alerted their sultan, [[:en:Baybars|Baybars]], about his arrival. Baybars dispatched his troops to confirm the man's Abbasid identity and bring him to Cairo.)))))))))), Ahmad ya yi tafiya zuwa Siriya da fatan samun goyon bayan hukuma. Masarautar Mamluk da ke kusa da Damascus sun faɗakar da sultaninsu, Baybars, game da isowarsa. Baybars ya aika da dakarunsa don tabbatar da asalin mutumin Abbasid kuma ya kawo shi Alkahira.<ref name="Banister2021-25" /> Ahmad ya isa birni na Alkahira, kuma a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1261, a cikin wani babban bikin, an ayyana shi a fili a matsayin Khalifa ''al-Mustansir billah'', wanda watakila ya riga ya ɗauka a matsayin girmamawa ga ɗan'uwa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Baybars da [[Ulama'u|''ulama'']] sun ba da alkawarin biyayya ga Khalifa, yayin da al-Mustansir ya saka hannun jari ga sultan tare da ƙasashe da yake da su da kuma izini don mulkin duk wani cin nasara na gaba da aka yi a kan kuɗin waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. Baybars ya kuma sami taken ''Qasim Amir al-Mu'minin'' (Abokin hulɗa na Kwamandan Mai Aminci) daga Khalifa a matsayin mai ba da tabbacin Khalifa. An buga tsabar kudi da sunan Khalifa da sultan, kuma an aika da sanarwa a kusa da sultanate suna sanar da dawowar Khalifa. Sharif na Makka, Abu Numayy Muhammad, ya kuma amince da Khalifancin al-Mustansir, ya watsar da amincewarsa da Khalifan Hafsid na [[Tunis]], wanda ake kira al-Mustaansir.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Abun-Nasr|1987}}</ref> === Yakin soja da mutuwa === Bayan shigarwarsa da bayyanar jama'a masu dacewa, Baybars da sarakunansa sun yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a aika al-Mustansir tare da sojoji don dawo da wurin zama na kakanninsa na Baghdad. Baybars ya tara dakarun dawakai 2700 da sabbin mamluks 100 da aka saya, kuma tare da al-Mustansir ya hau zuwa Damascus, ya isa ranar 6 ga Oktoba.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Daga can, Baybars ya rage yawan sojojin da ke tare da al-Mustansir zuwa mutane 300 kawai, wadanda suka tafi Iraki a ranar 19 ga Oktoba.<ref name="Banister2021-30">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> A kan hanya, al-Mustansir ya haɗu da shugabannin Bedouin waɗanda suka haɗa sojojin su ga al-Mastansir.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Tritton|1948}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Jackson|1996}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sojojin al-Mustansir sun isa garin Ana, inda ya gamu da abokin hamayyarsa al-Hakim I da sojojinsa, wanda mamluk mai mulkin [[Aleppo]], Aqqush al-Barli ya ayyana kuma ya aiko.<ref name="Holt1984-501" /> Jama'ar Ana sun musanta al-Hakim I da aminci da kuma shiga garin, suna rantsuwa da buɗe ƙofofin kawai ga al-Mustansir, Khalifa wanda sultan da kansa ya yi alkawarin aminci ga shi. Bayan isowarsa, mutanen garin Ana da al-Hadhita sun miƙa wuya ga al-Mustansir, har ma da sojojin al-Hakim sun watsar da shi kuma sun amince da al-Mutansir a matsayin Khalifa.<ref name="Banister2021-30" /> Al-Mustansir ya karfafa danginsa na nesa, wanda ba shi da wani zaɓi sai dai ya bar da'awarsa kuma ya amince da al-Mustantsir, don haɗa sojojin su da sunan iyalin Abbasid.<ref name="Banister2021-31">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Labarin isowar Khalifa da ci gaba mai sauƙi sun kai Karabugha, kwamandan Mongol na Iraki, wanda ya aika da sojoji 5000 don fuskantar shi. Al-Mustansir ya ci gaba kuma ya karɓi wasu garuruwa kafin ya haɗu da sojojin Mongol a bakin kogin Yufiretis a al-Anbar. Kashegari da safe a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, sojojin biyu sun yi karo, <ref name="Banister2021-31" /> kuma Mongols sun kaddamar da koma baya wanda ya ja sojojin al-Mustansir cikin kwanto. An kashe Al-Mustansir, kuma al-Hakim I da sauran wadanda suka tsira sun gudu zuwa kariya ta Isa ibn Muhanna a Siriya.<ref name="Holt1984-501" /><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Daga bisani ya tafi Alkahira, an ayyana shi magajin al-Mustansir a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1262. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> Layin Khalifancin da ya kafa ya kasance har zuwa nasarar Ottoman na Masar a shekara ta 1517. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> Duk da yake mafi yawan duniyar musulmi ba su dauki wadannan Khalifanci da muhimmanci ba saboda kayan aiki ne kawai na sarakuna, har yanzu suna ba da wani halatta ga mulkin Mamluk.<ref name="mrw8AAAAIAAJ2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&q=baibars+homs&pg=PA315|last=Runciman|first=Steven|year=1987|title='''A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades''' quoting Magrisi Sultans, I, i, p. 116; Abu al Fida pp. 145–50; Bar Hebraeus p. 439|page=316|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=9780521347723}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == mgo27q05y6zcranktwy0lqdf6svgtn9 967082 967081 2026-10-13T09:03:55Z SaadatuAliyu5484 48956 Sabon shafi 967082 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn al-Ẓāhir'''<nowiki> (lit." data-linkid="84" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Langx","href":"./Template:Langx"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"ar"},"2":{"wt":"أبو القاسم أحمد بن الظاهر"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Arabic_language" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Arabic language" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Arabic: أبو القاسم أحمد بن الظ; ya mutu 28 Nuwamba 1261), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mulkin </nowiki>'''al-Mustanṣir (II) bi-llāh''' (Arabic) <nowiki>''</nowiki>) shi ne Khalifa na farko na Abbasid a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a ƙarƙashin Mamluk Sultanate. Sultan Baybars ne ya kafa shi, ya yi sarauta kusan watanni biyar kafin a kashe shi a yaƙi a gaban Mongols a ƙoƙarin sake dawo da Baghdad. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Tarihi da sanarwar === Abu'l-Qasim Ahmad ɗan Khalifa al-Zahir ne kuma ɗan'uwan Khalifa al'al-Mustansir.<ref name="Banister2021-25">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai iya zama abokin hamayya na dangin Abbasid, dan uwansa, Khalifa al-Musta'sim ne ya ɗaure shi.<ref name="Islampedia">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Al-Mustansir II |url=http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035825/http://www.islampedia.com/MIE2/tarikh/90mostan.html |archive-date=2008-06-11 |publisher=Islampedia.com |language=Arabic}}</ref> A cikin 1258, Mongols An kori Baghdad kuma sun kashe al-Musta'sim. A cikin firgici da ya biyo baya, Mongols sun 'yantar da Ahmad, kuma sun ɓoye tsakanin kabilun Bedouin a cikin hamada.<ref name="Holt1984-501">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> A cikin 1260, Mamluks na Masar sun ci nasara kuma sun kori Mongols daga Levant a Yaƙin Ain Jalut . A wannan lokacin, Ahmad ya yi tafiya zuwa Siriya da fatan samun goyon bayan hukuma. Masarautar Mamluk da ke kusa da Damascus sun faɗakar da sultaninsu, Baybars, game da isowarsa. Baybars ya aika da dakarunsa don tabbatar da asalin mutumin Abbasid kuma ya kawo shi Alkahira.<ref name="Banister2021-25" /> Ahmad ya isa birni na Alkahira, kuma a ranar 13 ga Yuni 1261, a cikin wani babban bikin, an ayyana shi a fili a matsayin Khalifa ''al-Mustansir billah'', wanda watakila ya riga ya ɗauka a matsayin girmamawa ga ɗan'uwa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Baybars da [[Ulama'u|''ulama'']] sun ba da alkawarin biyayya ga Khalifa, yayin da al-Mustansir ya saka hannun jari ga sultan tare da ƙasashe da yake da su da kuma izini don mulkin duk wani cin nasara na gaba da aka yi a kan kuɗin waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. Baybars ya kuma sami taken ''Qasim Amir al-Mu'minin'' (Abokin hulɗa na Kwamandan Mai Aminci) daga Khalifa a matsayin mai ba da tabbacin Khalifa. An buga tsabar kudi da sunan Khalifa da sultan, kuma an aika da sanarwa a kusa da sultanate suna sanar da dawowar Khalifa. Sharif na Makka, Abu Numayy Muhammad, ya kuma amince da Khalifancin al-Mustansir, ya watsar da amincewarsa da Khalifan Hafsid na [[Tunis]], wanda ake kira al-Mustaansir.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Abun-Nasr|1987}}</ref> === Yakin soja da mutuwa === Bayan shigarwarsa da bayyanar jama'a masu dacewa, Baybars da sarakunansa sun yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata a aika al-Mustansir tare da sojoji don dawo da wurin zama na kakanninsa na Baghdad. Baybars ya tara dakarun dawakai 2700 da sabbin mamluks 100 da aka saya, kuma tare da al-Mustansir ya hau zuwa Damascus, ya isa ranar 6 ga Oktoba.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Daga can, Baybars ya rage yawan sojojin da ke tare da al-Mustansir zuwa mutane 300 kawai, wadanda suka tafi Iraki a ranar 19 ga Oktoba.<ref name="Banister2021-30">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> A kan hanya, al-Mustansir ya haɗu da shugabannin Bedouin waɗanda suka haɗa sojojin su ga al-Mastansir.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Tritton|1948}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Jackson|1996}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, sojojin al-Mustansir sun isa garin Ana, inda ya gamu da abokin hamayyarsa al-Hakim I da sojojinsa, wanda mamluk mai mulkin [[Aleppo]], Aqqush al-Barli ya ayyana kuma ya aiko.<ref name="Holt1984-501" /> Jama'ar Ana sun musanta al-Hakim I da aminci da kuma shiga garin, suna rantsuwa da buɗe ƙofofin kawai ga al-Mustansir, Khalifa wanda sultan da kansa ya yi alkawarin aminci ga shi. Bayan isowarsa, mutanen garin Ana da al-Hadhita sun miƙa wuya ga al-Mustansir, har ma da sojojin al-Hakim sun watsar da shi kuma sun amince da al-Mutansir a matsayin Khalifa.<ref name="Banister2021-30" /> Al-Mustansir ya karfafa danginsa na nesa, wanda ba shi da wani zaɓi sai dai ya bar da'awarsa kuma ya amince da al-Mustantsir, don haɗa sojojin su da sunan iyalin Abbasid.<ref name="Banister2021-31">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Labarin isowar Khalifa da ci gaba mai sauƙi sun kai Karabugha, kwamandan Mongol na Iraki, wanda ya aika da sojoji 5000 don fuskantar shi. Al-Mustansir ya ci gaba kuma ya karɓi wasu garuruwa kafin ya haɗu da sojojin Mongol a bakin kogin Yufiretis a al-Anbar. Kashegari da safe a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba, sojojin biyu sun yi karo, <ref name="Banister2021-31" /> kuma Mongols sun kaddamar da koma baya wanda ya ja sojojin al-Mustansir cikin kwanto. An kashe Al-Mustansir, kuma al-Hakim I da sauran wadanda suka tsira sun gudu zuwa kariya ta Isa ibn Muhanna a Siriya.<ref name="Holt1984-501" /><ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Banister|2021}}</ref> Daga bisani ya tafi Alkahira, an ayyana shi magajin al-Mustansir a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1262. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> Layin Khalifancin da ya kafa ya kasance har zuwa nasarar Ottoman na Masar a shekara ta 1517. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Holt|1984}}</ref> Duk da yake mafi yawan duniyar musulmi ba su dauki wadannan Khalifanci da muhimmanci ba saboda kayan aiki ne kawai na sarakuna, har yanzu suna ba da wani halatta ga mulkin Mamluk.<ref name="mrw8AAAAIAAJ2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&q=baibars+homs&pg=PA315|last=Runciman|first=Steven|year=1987|title='''A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades''' quoting Magrisi Sultans, I, i, p. 116; Abu al Fida pp. 145–50; Bar Hebraeus p. 439|page=316|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=9780521347723}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == gvl2xy7c3um08pwthf7z466dk7dz9bs 0 179137 967084 2026-10-13T09:48:34Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: '''Samar da Ɗankon Itacen Ƙirya a Jihar Gombe''' wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan noma da samar da albarkatun gandun daji a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Ɗankon itacen ƙirya, wanda aka fi sani da ''gum arabic'' a Turanci, wani abu ne mai kama da ɗanko wanda yake fitowa daga gangar jiki da rassan wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyin ƙirya, musamman ''Senegalia senegal'' da ''Vachellia seyal''. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antun abinci, magunguna, kayan kwalliya da sauran kayayyakin masana'a... 967084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samar da Ɗankon Itacen Ƙirya a Jihar Gombe''' wani ɓangare ne na ayyukan noma da samar da albarkatun gandun daji a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Ɗankon itacen ƙirya, wanda aka fi sani da ''gum arabic'' a Turanci, wani abu ne mai kama da ɗanko wanda yake fitowa daga gangar jiki da rassan wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyin ƙirya, musamman ''Senegalia senegal'' da ''Vachellia seyal''. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antun abinci, magunguna, kayan kwalliya da sauran kayayyakin masana'antu. Bincike ya nuna cewa Jihar Gombe na cikin jihohin Najeriya da ake samar da wannan albarkatu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum Arabic |url=https://library.rmrdc.gov.ng/raw_details.php?id=23 |website=Raw Materials Research and Development Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission}}</ref> == Tarihi da bunƙasar samar da ɗankon ƙirya == Samar da ɗankon ƙirya ya daɗe yana cikin harkokin tattalin arzikin yankunan da ke da busasshen yanayi a arewacin Najeriya. Bishiyoyin da ake samu daga gare su suna iya jure yanayin ƙarancin danshi, wanda ya sa suke da amfani a yankunan da ba a samun ruwan sama mai yawa. Wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2016 game da hanyoyin samar da ɗankon ƙirya a Jihar Gombe ya binciki manoma da yadda suke amfani da dabarun samar da wannan amfanin gona. Binciken ya nuna cewa samar da ɗankon ƙirya yana daga cikin ayyukan noma da ake yi a jihar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=2016 |title=Factors Influencing Adoption of Gum Arabic Production Technologies in Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Factors-Influencing-Adoption-of-Gum-Arabic-Production-Technologies-in-Gombe-State-Nigeria.pdf |journal=International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=15–25}}</ref> Jihar Gombe na daga cikin jihohin Najeriya da ke da damar samar da ɗankon ƙirya saboda yanayin ƙasar da kasancewar bishiyoyin da ake samun wannan ɗanko daga gare su. Hukumar Bunƙasa Kayayyakin Masana'antu ta Najeriya ta bayyana ɗankon ƙirya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin albarkatun da ke da damar taimakawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin jihar. Duk da haka, akwai buƙatar ƙarin bayanai na zamani da za su nuna jimillar yawan ɗankon ƙirya da ake samarwa a jihar a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission}}</ref> == Nau'o'in bishiyoyin da ake samun ɗankon ƙirya daga gare su == Ana samun ɗankon ƙirya daga nau'o'in bishiyoyi daban-daban, amma ''Senegalia senegal'' da ''Vachellia seyal'' suna daga cikin muhimman nau'o'in da ake amfani da su wajen samar da ɗankon kasuwanci. Nau'in ''Senegalia senegal'' yana samar da ɗanko mai daraja a kasuwa, yayin da ''Vachellia seyal'' ma yake samar da ɗanko da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu. Waɗannan bishiyoyi suna dacewa da yankunan da ke da yanayin busasshiyar savanna da kuma ƙarancin ruwan sama. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum Arabic |url=https://library.rmrdc.gov.ng/raw_details.php?id=23 |website=Raw Materials Research and Development Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum arabic: growing demand means new opportunities for African producers |url=https://unctad.org/news/gum-arabic-growing-demand-means-new-opportunities-african-producers |website=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |date=2018}}</ref> == Yadda ake samar da ɗankon ƙirya == === Shuka da kula da bishiyoyi === Ana iya samar da ɗankon ƙirya ta hanyar kare bishiyoyin da suke girma a daji ko kuma shuka sabbin bishiyoyi a gonaki. Yana da muhimmanci a zaɓi wuraren da ƙasa da yanayinsu suka dace da nau'in bishiyar da za a shuka. Haka kuma, kula da tsiron bishiya, hana sare bishiyoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba da kare ƙasa daga zaizayar ruwa suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da dorewar samar da ɗankon ƙirya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Production of Gum Arabic |url=https://naerls.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Production-of-Gum-Arabic.pdf |website=National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services}}</ref> === Cire ɗanko daga bishiya === Ana samun ɗankon ƙirya ne idan ɗankon ya fito daga gangar jiki ko rassan bishiyar. Ana iya yin ƙananan yanka a jikin bishiyar da ta kai shekarun da suka dace domin taimaka wa ɗankon fitowa, amma dole ne a yi hakan cikin kulawa don kada a lalata bishiyar. Bayan fitowar ɗankon, ana barinsa ya bushe kafin a tattara shi. Hanyar tattarawa da lokacin girbi suna da tasiri ga ingancin ɗankon da za a sayar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum arabic: growing demand means new opportunities for African producers |url=https://unctad.org/news/gum-arabic-growing-demand-means-new-opportunities-african-producers |website=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |date=2018}}</ref> === Tattarawa da sarrafawa === Bayan girbi, ana tattara ɗankon ƙirya sannan a ware shi bisa launi, girma da ingancinsa. Ana cire ƙasa, tarkacen haushi, ƙura da sauran abubuwan da za su iya rage darajar samfurin. Daga nan ana iya tattara shi a matsayin ɗankon da ba a sarrafa ba ko kuma a kai shi masana'anta domin ƙarin sarrafawa. Ingantaccen tsafta da adanawa suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye ingancin ɗankon har zuwa lokacin sayarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=2025 |title=Trends and Challenges in Gum Arabic Markets in Key Producing Countries in Africa (Sudan, Chad, Nigeria, and Senegal) |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2813-2432/4/3/16 |journal=Forests |volume=4 |issue=3}}</ref> == Amfanin ɗankon ƙirya == Ɗankon ƙirya yana da amfani a masana'antun abinci saboda yana taimakawa wajen haɗa sinadarai da daidaita yanayin wasu kayayyakin abinci da abin sha. Ana amfani da shi a wasu kayan zaki, abin sha da kayayyakin da ake buƙatar su kasance da daidaitaccen kauri ko yanayin haɗin sinadarai. Hukumar Bunƙasa Kayayyakin Masana'antu ta Najeriya ta nuna cewa ɗankon ƙirya daga bishiyoyin Gombe yana da kasuwa a wajen jihar da kuma ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum arabic: growing demand means new opportunities for African producers |url=https://unctad.org/news/gum-arabic-growing-demand-means-new-opportunities-african-producers |website=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |date=2018}}</ref> Haka kuma, ana amfani da ɗankon ƙirya a masana'antun magunguna, kayan kwalliya, takarda da wasu kayayyakin da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa abubuwa. Saboda yawan amfaninsa a masana'antu, ɗankon ƙirya yana da damar zama amfanin gona na kasuwanci da zai taimaka wajen samar da kuɗin shiga ga manoma da 'yan kasuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Egboh |first=Edmund O. |date=1978 |title=The Nigerian Gum Arabic Industry, 1897–1940: A Study in Rural Economic Development under Colonial Régime |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1978_num_18_69_2405 |journal=Cahiers d'Études Africaines |volume=18 |issue=69–70 |pages=215–221}}</ref> == Muhimmancin tattalin arziki == Samar da ɗankon ƙirya na iya taimaka wa tattalin arzikin karkara ta hanyar samar da aikin yi ga manoma, masu tattarawa, dillalai da masu safarar kayayyaki. Haka kuma, sayar da ɗankon na iya zama wata hanyar samun kuɗin shiga ga iyalai da ke zaune a yankunan da ake samun bishiyoyin ƙirya. Binciken da aka gudanar a Jihar Gombe ya nuna cewa manoma suna shiga wannan sana'a a matsayin babbar sana'a ko kuma suna haɗa ta da wasu nau'o'in noma. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2016 |title=Factors Influencing Adoption of Gum Arabic Production Technologies in Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Factors-Influencing-Adoption-of-Gum-Arabic-Production-Technologies-in-Gombe-State-Nigeria.pdf |journal=International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=15–25}}</ref> Ɗankon ƙirya yana da damar taimaka wa Najeriya wajen samun kuɗaɗen shiga daga kasuwancin waje. Wata rahoton jaridar BusinessDay da aka wallafa a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2026, ta bayyana cewa Najeriya ta fitar da ɗankon ƙirya mai nauyin kusan tan 2,620 a shekarar 2025, wanda ya samar da kuɗaɗen shiga da suka kai dalar Amurka miliyan 3.42. Waɗannan alkaluma na Najeriya ne gaba ɗaya, ba na Jihar Gombe kaɗai ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajakaiye |first=Adeola |date=2026-07-07 |title=Why Nigeria is losing billions in gum arabic export |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/why-nigeria-is-losing-billions-in-gum-arabic-export/ |website=BusinessDay}}</ref> == Kalubalen samar da ɗankon ƙirya == Duk da damar da ake da ita, samar da ɗankon ƙirya a Najeriya yana fuskantar matsaloli kamar ƙarancin masana'antun sarrafawa, matsalolin ingancin samfur, rashin isasshen jari da ƙarancin tallafi ga manoma. Waɗannan matsaloli na iya rage ribar da manoma ke samu da kuma damar sayar da ɗankon a kasuwannin ƙasashen waje. Rahoton Hukumar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Ciniki da Bunƙasa ya nuna cewa rashin daidaiton inganci da matsalolin tsarin kasuwa suna daga cikin ƙalubalen masana'antar ɗankon ƙirya ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gum arabic: growing demand means new opportunities for African producers |url=https://unctad.org/news/gum-arabic-growing-demand-means-new-opportunities-african-producers |website=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |date=2018}}</ref> Haka kuma, sare bishiyoyi, gobarar daji, sauyin yanayi da rashin ingantattun hanyoyin tattara ɗanko na iya shafar dorewar samar da shi. Rashin samun bayanan kasuwa da hanyoyin haɗa manoma da masu sarrafawa na iya sa a sayar da ɗankon ba tare da an ƙara masa ƙima ba. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar inganta horar da manoma, kare bishiyoyin da ake samu a daji da kuma ƙarfafa hanyoyin sarrafa ɗankon a cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Nigeria is losing billions in gum arabic export |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/why-nigeria-is-losing-billions-in-gum-arabic-export/ |website=BusinessDay |date=2026-07-07}}</ref> == Hanyoyin bunƙasa samar da ɗankon ƙirya a Gombe == Domin bunƙasa wannan sana'a, ana buƙatar gwamnati, cibiyoyin binciken aikin gona da ƙungiyoyin manoma su ƙarfafa shuka bishiyoyin ƙirya, samar da ingantattun tsirrai da ba manoma horo kan girbi da adana ɗanko. Haka kuma, samar da wuraren tattarawa da sarrafawa zai taimaka wajen rage gurɓacewar samfur da kuma ƙara darajarsa a kasuwa. Bayanan Hukumar Bunƙasa Kayayyakin Masana'antu ta Najeriya sun nuna cewa akwai damar bunƙasa wannan albarkatu a Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gombe |url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria/gombe |website=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission}}</ref> Haka kuma, ya kamata a gudanar da bincike na zamani domin tantance yawan bishiyoyin ƙirya, girman gonakin da ake amfani da su, yawan ɗankon da ake samarwa a kowace shekara da kuma adadin manoma da ke dogaro da wannan sana'a a kowace ƙaramar hukuma ta jihar. Irin waɗannan bayanai za su taimaka wajen tsara manufofin aikin gona da samar da dabarun jawo masu zuba jari. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2016 |title=Factors Influencing Adoption of Gum Arabic Production Technologies in Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Factors-Influencing-Adoption-of-Gum-Arabic-Production-Technologies-in-Gombe-State-Nigeria.pdf |journal=International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=15–25}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Noma a Najeriya]] * [[Gandun daji]] * [[Ƙirya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Noma a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Tattalin arzikin Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Noma a Najeriya]] i9rfpfsaaowfqcfca0no06dyer5grr9 0 179138 967095 2026-10-13T10:37:01Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379288590|Komaba]]" 967095 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Komaba</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ja">Gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Meguro#Districts and neighborhoods|Makwabta a Meguro]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe height="200" frameless="1" align="center" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Komaba","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q11668321"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Komaba"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q11668321"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[139.6821888888889,35.65967222222222],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Komaba","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Komaba</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Japan]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Prefectures of Japan|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Symbol_flag_of_Tokyo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Tokyo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Special wards of Tokyo|Gidan na Musamman]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Meguro]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Meguro,_Tokyo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (1 ga Oktoba 2020) <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |6,847<ref name="Meguro City Population Statistics (Japanese)"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="130">[https://www.city.meguro.tokyo.jp/gyosei/tokei/tokei/jinko/setaisu/chouchoubetsu_2020.html "町丁別世帯数および人口表　令和2年度（2020）"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="131">''目黒区''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="132">Meguro City<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="133"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[UTC+09:00]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ZIP code|Lambar ZIP]] | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">153-0041</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Area code|Lambar yankin tarho]] | class="infobox-data" |03 |} [[File:Komaba_no_Koen_Rice_Fields.JPG|thumb|Komaba no Koen Kellner Rice Fields]] {{nihongo|'''Komaba'''|駒場}} is a residential neighborhood in the northern area of [[Meguro, Tokyo]], Japan. Consisting of four [[Japanese addressing system|districts]], the neighborhood has a population of 6,847.<ref name="Meguro City Population Statistics (Japanese)"/> An san unguwar a matsayin cibiyar ilimi, kasancewar wurin da ake samun wasu makarantun sakandare da dama da kuma harabar Komaba ta Jami'ar Tokyo. == Yanayin ƙasa == Komaba tana iyaka da Uehara da Tomigaya a arewa, Shōtō, Shinsenchō da Aobadai a gabas, Ohashi da Ikejiri a kudu, da kuma Daizawa da Kitazawa a yamma. == Alamomin ƙasar == [[File:University_of_Tokyo_-_Komaba_Campus_-_Building_1.JPG|thumb|Jami'ar Tokyo, Komaba Campus]] * Jami'ar Tokyo, Komaba Campus wanda ya hada da Makarantar Digiri ta Fasaha da Kimiyya, Makarantar Digirin Lissafi, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Masana'antu, da Cibiyar Bincike don Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha * Komaba Park, tarihin 1923 mazaunin da lambun gidan Maeda. * Gidan Tarihi na Litattafan Zamani na Japan (a filin Komaba Park) * Komaba no Koen, wanda ke nuna cibiyar wasanni ta gari da filin Kellner Rice * Gidan Tarihin Al'adu na Japan * Cibiyar Nazarin Shiga Jami'o'i ta Kasa == Sufuri == Komaba tana aiki da Tashar Komaba-Todaimae a kan layin Keio Inokashira . == Ilimi == * Makarantar Sakandare ta Duniya * Cibiyar Fasaha ta Nippon Sauran makarantun sakandare da ke kusa da su da ake kira "Komaba", sun hada da: * Makarantar Sakandare ta Komaba * Makarantar Sakandare ta Komaba Gakuen * Komaba Toho Junior & Senior High School * Junior &amp;amp; Senior High School a Komaba, Jami'ar Tsukuba Hukumar Ilimi ta Birnin Meguro tana gudanar da makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare. Dukkanin Komaba (1-4 chōme) an tsara shi zuwa Makarantar Firamare ta Komaba (駒場小學校) da No. 1 Junior High School (第一中學校). <ref>{{Cite web |title=学校別 通学区域一覧表 |url=https://www.city.meguro.tokyo.jp/smph/kurashi/gakko/nyugaku_tenko/gakkuiki/h27gakubetsu.html |access-date=2022-10-09 |publisher=Meguro City}}</ref> == Manazarta == hv40a1lrasr2hi1i0jprv14dc41k7il 967096 967095 2026-10-13T10:39:22Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 Gyara 967096 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Komaba</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ja">Gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Meguro#Districts and neighborhoods|Makwabta a Meguro]]</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe height="200" frameless="1" align="center" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Komaba","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q11668321"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":2,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Komaba"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q11668321"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[139.6821888888889,35.65967222222222],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Komaba","marker-symbol":"town"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption">Taswirar hulɗa ta Komaba</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Flag_of_Japan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Japan]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Prefectures of Japan|Gundumar]] | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[File:Symbol_flag_of_Tokyo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Tokyo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Special wards of Tokyo|Gidan na Musamman]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Meguro]]<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Meguro,_Tokyo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (1 ga Oktoba 2020) <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |6,847<ref name="Meguro City Population Statistics (Japanese)"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="130">[https://www.city.meguro.tokyo.jp/gyosei/tokei/tokei/jinko/setaisu/chouchoubetsu_2020.html "町丁別世帯数および人口表　令和2年度（2020）"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="131">''目黒区''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="132">Meguro City<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="133"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2020</span>.</span></cite></ref> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Yankin lokaci&nbsp;]] | class="infobox-data" |[[UTC+09:00]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[ZIP code|Lambar ZIP]] | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">153-0041</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Area code|Lambar yankin tarho]] | class="infobox-data" |03 |} [[File:Komaba_no_Koen_Rice_Fields.JPG|thumb|Komaba no Koen Kellner Rice Fields]] Unguwa ce wanda ake zama a yankin arewacin Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. Unguwar tana da gundumomi huɗu, kuma tana da yawan jama'a 6,847.<ref name="Meguro City Population Statistics (Japanese)"/> An san unguwar a matsayin cibiyar ilimi, kasancewar wurin da ake samun wasu makarantun sakandare da dama da kuma harabar Komaba ta Jami'ar Tokyo. == Yanayin ƙasa == Komaba tana iyaka da Uehara da Tomigaya a arewa, Shōtō, Shinsenchō da Aobadai a gabas, Ohashi da Ikejiri a kudu, da kuma Daizawa da Kitazawa a yamma. == Alamomin ƙasar == [[File:University_of_Tokyo_-_Komaba_Campus_-_Building_1.JPG|thumb|Jami'ar Tokyo, Komaba Campus]] * Jami'ar Tokyo, Komaba Campus wanda ya hada da Makarantar Digiri ta Fasaha da Kimiyya, Makarantar Digirin Lissafi, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Masana'antu, da Cibiyar Bincike don Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha * Komaba Park, tarihin 1923 mazaunin da lambun gidan Maeda. * Gidan Tarihi na Litattafan Zamani na Japan (a filin Komaba Park) * Komaba no Koen, wanda ke nuna cibiyar wasanni ta gari da filin Kellner Rice * Gidan Tarihin Al'adu na Japan * Cibiyar Nazarin Shiga Jami'o'i ta Kasa == Sufuri == Komaba tana aiki da Tashar Komaba-Todaimae a kan layin Keio Inokashira . == Ilimi == * Makarantar Sakandare ta Duniya * Cibiyar Fasaha ta Nippon Sauran makarantun sakandare da ke kusa da su da ake kira "Komaba", sun hada da: * Makarantar Sakandare ta Komaba * Makarantar Sakandare ta Komaba Gakuen * Komaba Toho Junior & Senior High School * Junior &amp;amp; Senior High School a Komaba, Jami'ar Tsukuba Hukumar Ilimi ta Birnin Meguro tana gudanar da makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare. Dukkanin Komaba (1-4 chōme) an tsara shi zuwa Makarantar Firamare ta Komaba (駒場小學校) da No. 1 Junior High School (第一中學校). <ref>{{Cite web |title=学校別 通学区域一覧表 |url=https://www.city.meguro.tokyo.jp/smph/kurashi/gakko/nyugaku_tenko/gakkuiki/h27gakubetsu.html |access-date=2022-10-09 |publisher=Meguro City}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9ve20na4kz0mgd4latj1pthucgmk43l 0 179139 967098 2026-10-13T10:52:00Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1303272546|Ibrahim Koma]]" 967098 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ibrahim KomaIbrahim Koma''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1987) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Faransa. Ya fara aikinsa tun yana ƙarami a cikin fim ɗin We Need a Holiday (2002) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Sous le soleil (2002–2008). Tun daga lokacin ya fito a fina-finan Asphalt Playground (2012), Wùlu (2016), da As Far as I Can Walk (2021). Ya buga Passepartout a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Around the World in 80 Days (2021). == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Koma a gundumar 20 ta birnin Paris a gabashin birnin ga iyayen Soninke daga [[Mali]] kuma ya girma a unguwar Baconnets da ke Antony, Hauts-de-Seine, kudu da Paris. Mahaifiyarsu bazawara ce ta rene shi da 'yan uwansa. Babban ɗan'uwansa Diouc Koma shi ma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne. Koma ya yi horo a Cours Viriot, Actor's Studio, da Laboratoire de l'Acteur. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sauphie |first=Eva |date=21 July 2017 |title=Cinéma : l'acteur français Ibrahim Koma reprend racine |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/457320/culture/cinema-lacteur-francais-ibrahim-koma-reprend-racine/ |journal=[[Jeune Afrique]] |language=fr |access-date=14 February 2021}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2017 |title=IBRAHIM KOMA " On voit très peu de cinéma africain dans les salles. C'est un constat qui me dérange et j'espère que ça va changer " |url=https://artnetworkconnexion.wordpress.com/2017/06/30/ibrahim-koma-on-voit-tres-peu-de-cinema-africain-dans-les-salles-cest-un-constat-qui-me-derange-et-jespere-que-ca-va-changer/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Artwork Connexion |language=fr}}</ref> Ya shafe wani lokaci a [[Landan]] inda ya koyi Turanci kuma ya dauki darussan a Birkbeck, Jami'ar London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibrahim Koma |url=https://www.agentagitateur.com/uk/actors/ibrahim-koma |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Agent Agitateur}}</ref> === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2002 |''Muna Bukatar hutu'' (Faransanci: ) |Adama | |- |2002 |''Tushen soyayya'' | |Gajeren fim |- |2002 |'Yan mata Za su Iya Fitar da Dukkanin (Faransanci: 'Yan mata, babu wanda ya sabawa komai) | | |- |2002 |''Dokar'' (Faransanci: La Mentale) | | |- |2006 |''Fararen jan giya'' |Moussa |Fim din ban dariya |- |2012 |''Filin wasa na Asphalt'' (Faransanci: La Cité rose) |Rashin jin daɗi |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dollfus |first=Ariane |date=17 January 2014 |title=Et les présélectionnés pour le César du Meilleur Espoir sont... |url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/preselectionnes-pour-cesar-meilleur-espoir-sont-170114-639376 |journal=Madame Figaro |language=fr |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> |- |2013 |''Tashar jirgin saman Arewa'' |Tsohon G2N |Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya |- |2014 |''Yankin Botswanga'' |Leslie Konda |Fim din ban dariya |- |2015 |''Ni Daddy ne'' |Isidor |Abin mamaki |- |2016 |''[[Wùlu|Wurin da ake ciki]]'' |Ladji |Laifi / Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2017 |''Wallay'' |Yahaya |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2018 |Sink ko Swim (Faransanci: Le Grand Bain) |Fasahar |Wasanni / Wasanni |- |2018 |''Darasi na rawa'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya |- |2021 |''OSS 117: Daga Afirka tare da Ƙauna'' (Faransanci: OSS 117) Alerte rouge en Afrique noire) |Matsakaicin matsakaicin |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |2021 |''Kamar yadda zan iya tafiya'' |Strahinja |Sauran taken: ''Strahinja Banovic'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibrahim Koma |url=https://mubi.com/cast/ibrahim-koma |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Mubi}}</ref> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |1999 |''Jirgin jirgi nan take'' (Faransanci: ) |Idrissa |Miniserie; episode: "L'Enfance sata" |- |1999 |''ƙaunatacciyar Marianne'' |Aboubakar |Fim: "Cellule na iyali" |- |1999 |''Palazzo'' | |Fim din talabijin |- |2000 |''Gundumar 'yan sanda'' | |Kashi: "Matsayin iyali" |- |2000 |''Yankin Yankin Yashi'' | |Kashi: "Tablets of hunter" |- |2002 |''Yaran Lucas'' |François |Fim din talabijin |- |2002–2008 |''A karkashin rana'' |Zacharie "Zach" Mondino |Abubuwa 57 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Degorce |first=Mathilde |last2=Dunand |first2=Jérémie |date=28 July 2018 |title=Sous le soleil : que deviennent les acteurs de la série culte de TF1 ? |url=https://www.allocine.fr/diaporamas/series/diaporama-18674312/?page=15 |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=AlloCiné |language=fr}}</ref> |- |2004 |''Navarro'' |Little Louis |Abubuwa 2 |- |2004 |''K.ça'' |Hong |Abubuwa 10 |- |2006 |''Ka kasance mafi kyau'' | |Fim din talabijin |- |2006, 2009 |Night Squad (Faransanci: Central Nuit) |Furen / Oscar Malonga |Abubuwa 2 |- |2008 |''Ben da Thomas'' |Siki |Kashi: "Slalom" |- |2009 |''Julie Lescaut'' |Jimmy Ferran |Kashi: "Rashin ƙarfi" |- |2009 |Magungunan gaggawa na Kiwon Lafiya (Faransanci: Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Gaggawa) |Jamel |Kashi: "Ya wuce ko ya fashe" |- |2012 |''Alice Nevers: Alkalin mace ce'' |Luka |Fim: "Bio Connection" |- |2013 |''A ƙarƙashin rana ta Saint-Tropez'' |Zacharie "Zach" Mondino |Abubuwa 4 |- |2014 |''Bayan bango'' |Scoubi |Fim: "A karkashin vernis" |- |2018 |Mahaifiyar Ba ta da Gaskiya (Faransanci: Maman a tort) |Luka |Abubuwa 6 |- |2019 |Point-Blank (Faransanci: Jihohin Gaggawa) |Amir |Fim din talabijin |- |2021 |''A Duniya a cikin Kwanaki 80'' |Kowane wuri |Babban rawar da ya taka <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=Flora |date=23 November 2021 |title=BBC One's Around the World in 80 Days to feature brand new Passepartout romance |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/drama/around-the-world-in-80-days-bbc-passepartout-romance-newsupdate/ |journal=Radio Times |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Descombes |first=James |date=26 November 2021 |title=7 Questions with… David Tennant and Ibrahim Koma: "It's quite hard to convince a camel that you're right and it's wrong." |url=https://www.bt.com/tv/drama/7-questions-with-david-tennant-ibrahim-koma-around-the-world-in-80-days |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=BT}}</ref> |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2014 |Kyautar Kaisar |Mai yin fim mafi kyau |''Birnin Rose''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moussou |first=Khadija |title=Ibrahim Koma pour " La Cité rose " de Julien Abraham |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Cinema/Dossiers/Cesar-2014-qui-sont-les-espoirs-de-demain/Ibrahim-Koma-pour-La-Cite-Rose-de-Julien-Abraham |journal=Elle France |language=fr |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |[[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|Bikin Fim da Talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou]] |Mafi kyawun Actor | rowspan="4" |''Wurin da ake ciki''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynaud |first=Bérénice |date=June 2017 |title=Pan African Film Festival 2017 |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2017/festival-reports/pan-african-film-festival-2017/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Senses of Cinema}}</ref> |- |[[Lambar Yabo na 13th Africa Movie Academy Awards|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |[[Africa Movie Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora]]| {{Nom}} | |- |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndeche |first=Chidirim |date=6 November 2017 |title=AFRIFF 2017: Full list of winners |url=https://guardian.ng/life/events/afriff-2017-full-list-of-winners/ |journal=Guardian Nigeria |access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Kyaututtuka na Faransanci |Mafi kyawun Actor| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayuketah |first=Eleanor |date=18 December 2017 |title=Trophées Francophones: Top government officials attend evening of glamour |url=https://www.crtv.cm/2017/12/trophees-francophones-top-government-officials-attend-evening-of-glamour/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127095346/https://www.crtv.cm/2017/12/trophees-francophones-top-government-officials-attend-evening-of-glamour/ |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=CRTV}}</ref> |- |2018 |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |''Wallay''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wallay |url=https://www.bathysphere.fr/en/films/wallay |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Bathysphere Productions}}</ref> |- |2021 |Bikin Fim na Duniya na Karlovy Vary |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Kamar yadda zan iya tafiya''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tizard |first=Will |date=28 August 2021 |title='As Far as I Can Walk' Takes Top Prize at Karlovy Vary Film Festival |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/karlovy-vary-as-far-as-i-can-walk-top-prize-1235051135/ |access-date=20 September 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] pt0el5y1fx7dtt4f5916xkv0ojljm0s 0 179140 967099 2026-10-13T11:00:39Z Marshallaw2 50007 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348218013|Ntando Maduna]]" 967099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yulin 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 52bp1bjrnr4py1qzwuxypmsddvtlfj7 967100 967099 2026-10-13T11:03:41Z Marshallaw2 50007 967100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yulin 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shakarar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pneejylr7m9sosjyl7z0aqdrv573c1f 967103 967100 2026-10-13T11:04:51Z Marshallaw2 50007 967103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yulin 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu a shirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shakarar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fckms6jdc399ike8nescyjnup98fxzy 967104 967103 2026-10-13T11:06:25Z Marshallaw2 50007 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348218013|Ntando Maduna]]" 967104 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ntando Maduna''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 (ashirin da tara) ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1992) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|memba na Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] na Majalisar Dokoki ta Afirka tun daga shekara ta 2024. == Ayyukan siyasa == A watan Yulin 2023 (shakarar dubu biyu ashirin dan tara), an zabi Maduna don aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na kungiyar matasa ta African National Congress Youth League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Sihle |date=2023-07-03 |title=ANCYL NEC achieves gender parity, but no space for any young white leaders |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2023-07-03-ancyl-nec-achieves-gender-parity-but-no-space-for-any-young-white-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=IOL |language=en}}</ref> An zabi Maduna a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu]] a Babban zaben 2024 (shararar dubu biyu da a shirin da hudu) daga jerin sunayen ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2024, Maduna memba ne na Kwamitin Dindindin kan Babban Mai Bincike, Kwamitin Dandani kan Asusun Jama'a, da Kwamitin Fayil kan Sufuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ntando Maduna |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ntando-maduna/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n0syjafcfe1wj65eig456ds7ms6j6se 0 179141 967106 2026-10-13T11:42:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379086045|Loreta Kullashi]]" 967106 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Loreta Kullashi''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar Badalona ta Ligue F ta Spain . Ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Snöstorp Nyhem FF kafin ta koma AIK, inda ta fara aikinta na babbar makaranta. Daga baya ta buga wa Eskilstuna United, FC Rosengård, wasa a matsayin aro a Sassuolo, sannan ta buga wa Inter Milan da Napoli wasa kafin ta koma Badalona a shekarar 2025. Kullashi ta wakilci Sweden a duk matakan matasa, gami da kungiyoyin U17, U19 da U23, kafin ta buga wasanni takwas kuma ta zira kwallaye uku ga babbar kungiyar Sweden tsakanin 2018 da 2020. Ta bayyana niyyarta ta wakiltar tawagar kasa ta Kosovo a watan Fabrairun 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2026 |title=Sermaxhaj publikon listën e futbollisteve për dy ndeshjet e para kualifikuese të Botërorit 2027 |trans-title=Sermaxhaj publishes the list of players for the first two qualifying matches of the 2027 World Cup |url=https://ffk-kosova.com/lajmet/Sermaxhaj-publikon-list%C3%ABn-e-futbollisteve-p%C3%ABr-dy-ndeshjet-e-para-kualifikuese-t%C3%AB-Bot%C3%ABrorit-2027 |publisher=[[Football Federation of Kosovo]] |language=Albanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == An haifi Kullashi a [[Helsinki]], Finland, ga iyayen Kosovar-Albanian. Ta koma Sweden daga Finland lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyar, <ref name="EK">{{Cite web |last=Petersson |first=Johan |date=9 September 2017 |title=Loreta Kullashi: "Min dröm är att bli en av de bästa i världen" |url=https://www.ekuriren.se/sport/loreta-kullashi-min-drom-ar-att-bli-en-av-de-basta-i-varlden-sm4512508.aspx |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=[[Eskilstuna-Kuriren]] |language=sv |quote=Jag flyttade till Sverige från Finland när jag var fem år.}}</ref> kuma ta girma a Halmstad. Ta fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da tsarin matasa na Snöstorp Nyhem FF kuma ta koma AIK a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2011. Ta fara bugawa AIK wasa ne a matsayin mai shekaru 15, a wasan kusa da na karshe na Svenska Cupen a Umeå IK a ranar 29 ga Maris 2015. Ta buga wasanni shida a cikin Damallsvenskan na 2015 don AIK, amma an ba ta rawar da ta fi dacewa a kakar wasa mai zuwa. A shekara ta 2016 ta zira kwallaye 15 a wasanni 20 na Elitettan da kwallaye 20 a wasanni 23 a duk faɗin gasa. A watan Janairun 2017 ta shiga kungiyar [[Kungiyar Mata ta Super League|FA WSL]] ta Ingila Manchester City a gwaji, amma daga karshe ta sake sanya hannu ga AIK a lokacin kakar 2017. A watan Yulin 2017 ta koma kulob din Damallsvenskan Eskilstuna United A bayyanar ta na farko a Eskilstuna United, Kullashi ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara a gida da ci 4-0 IDAN Limhamn Bunkeflo . Ta samu yabo daga abokiyar wasanta Olivia Schough da sabon kocinta saboda iyawarta ta yin bugun ƙwallo . <ref name="EK" /> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Kullashi ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka sanya wa suna a cikin tawagar Sweden a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta FIFA a Papua New Guinea. A watan Janairun 2018, Kullashi mai shekaru 18 ya ji daɗin "mafarki" na farko ga babbar ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Sweden|Sweden]], inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a nasarar 3-0 a kan Afirka ta Kudu. == Manufofin kasa da kasa == {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. | rowspan="2" |21 January 2018 | rowspan="2" |Green Point Stadium, [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|RSA}} | align="center" |0–'''2''' | rowspan="2" align="center" |0–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- |2. | align="center" |0–'''3''' |- |3. |4 October 2019 |Diósgyőri Stadion, Miskolc, [[Hungariya|Hungary]] |{{Fbw|HUN}} | align="center" |0–'''5''' | align="center" |0–5 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |} == Daraja == '''Sweden''' * Kofin Algarve: 2018 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] g1nfmgcwu6gjzv7zslrwepah6uttocr 967107 967106 2026-10-13T11:43:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 967107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Loreta Kullashi''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1999) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar Badalona ta Ligue F ta Spain . Ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Snöstorp Nyhem FF kafin ta koma AIK, inda ta fara aikinta na babbar makaranta. Daga baya ta buga wa Eskilstuna United, FC Rosengård, wasa a matsayin aro a Sassuolo, sannan ta buga wa Inter Milan da Napoli wasa kafin ta koma Badalona a shekarar 2025. Kullashi ta wakilci Sweden a duk matakan matasa, gami da kungiyoyin U17, U19 da U23, kafin ta buga wasanni takwas kuma ta zira kwallaye uku ga babbar kungiyar Sweden tsakanin 2018 da 2020. Ta bayyana niyyarta ta wakiltar tawagar kasa ta Kosovo a watan Fabrairun 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2026 |title=Sermaxhaj publikon listën e futbollisteve për dy ndeshjet e para kualifikuese të Botërorit 2027 |trans-title=Sermaxhaj publishes the list of players for the first two qualifying matches of the 2027 World Cup |url=https://ffk-kosova.com/lajmet/Sermaxhaj-publikon-list%C3%ABn-e-futbollisteve-p%C3%ABr-dy-ndeshjet-e-para-kualifikuese-t%C3%AB-Bot%C3%ABrorit-2027 |publisher=[[Football Federation of Kosovo]] |language=Albanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == An haifi Kullashi a [[Helsinki]], Finland, ga iyayen Kosovar-Albanian. Ta koma Sweden daga Finland lokacin da take 'yar shekara biyar, <ref name="EK">{{Cite web |last=Petersson |first=Johan |date=9 September 2017 |title=Loreta Kullashi: "Min dröm är att bli en av de bästa i världen" |url=https://www.ekuriren.se/sport/loreta-kullashi-min-drom-ar-att-bli-en-av-de-basta-i-varlden-sm4512508.aspx |access-date=17 July 2019 |website=[[Eskilstuna-Kuriren]] |language=sv |quote=Jag flyttade till Sverige från Finland när jag var fem år.}}</ref> kuma ta girma a Halmstad. Ta fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da tsarin matasa na Snöstorp Nyhem FF kuma ta koma AIK a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2011. Ta fara bugawa AIK wasa ne a matsayin mai shekaru 15, a wasan kusa da na karshe na Svenska Cupen a Umeå IK a ranar 29 ga Maris 2015. Ta buga wasanni shida a cikin Damallsvenskan na 2015 don AIK, amma an ba ta rawar da ta fi dacewa a kakar wasa mai zuwa. A shekara ta 2016 ta zira kwallaye 15 a wasanni 20 na Elitettan da kwallaye 20 a wasanni 23 a duk faɗin gasa. A watan Janairun 2017 ta shiga kungiyar [[Kungiyar Mata ta Super League|FA WSL]] ta Ingila Manchester City a gwaji, amma daga karshe ta sake sanya hannu ga AIK a lokacin kakar 2017. A watan Yulin 2017 ta koma kulob din Damallsvenskan Eskilstuna United A bayyanar ta na farko a Eskilstuna United, Kullashi ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara a gida da ci 4-0 IDAN Limhamn Bunkeflo . Ta samu yabo daga abokiyar wasanta Olivia Schough da sabon kocinta saboda iyawarta ta yin bugun ƙwallo . <ref name="EK" /> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Kullashi ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da aka sanya wa suna a cikin tawagar Sweden a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta FIFA a Papua New Guinea. A watan Janairun 2018, Kullashi mai shekaru 18 ya ji daɗin "mafarki" na farko ga babbar ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Sweden|Sweden]], inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a nasarar 3-0 a kan Afirka ta Kudu. == Manufofin kasa da kasa == {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |1. | rowspan="2" |21 January 2018 | rowspan="2" |Green Point Stadium, [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|RSA}} | align="center" |0–'''2''' | rowspan="2" align="center" |0–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- |2. | align="center" |0–'''3''' |- |3. |4 October 2019 |Diósgyőri Stadion, Miskolc, [[Hungariya|Hungary]] |{{Fbw|HUN}} | align="center" |0–'''5''' | align="center" |0–5 |UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying |} == Daraja == '''Sweden''' * Kofin Algarve: 2018 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] oyxt1tdrphgaosn5xnm1rmm5p5qm6xj 0 179142 967108 2026-10-13T11:45:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377983836|Ali Daei]]" 967108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Daei''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1969) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma manajan Iran wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba.{{Efn|{{langx|fa|علی دایی}}, {{IPA|fa|ʔæliː dɑːjiː|pron|Ali Daei.ogg}}}} Ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar kasar Iran tsakanin 2000 da 2006 kuma ya taka leda a Bundesliga na Arminia Bielefeld, [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] da Hertha Berlin . An dauke shi a matsayin babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na Iran a kowane lokaci da kuma daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwallon kafa daga [[Asiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=The all-time greatest Asian footballers - ranked |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211075953/https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=90min.com}}</ref> Daei ita ce babbar mai zira kwallaye a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya (108). Wani dan wasan gaba mai tsayi, Daei ya kasance mai zira kwallaye, wanda aka sani da daidaito da iyawarsa a cikin iska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2009 |title=The giants of the game |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the-giants-the-game-1002634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509103027/https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the%2Dgiants%2Dthe%2Dgame%2D1002634 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2020 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> Ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye na duniya a duniya tare da kwallaye 108 har sai [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] ya karya rikodin sa a 2021 kuma ya tafi na uku bayan [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] ya sake wucewa a 2024. A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, an nada Daei a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na UNICEF a shekara ta 2001. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Daei ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kwallon Kafa na [[FIFA]] tsakanin 2007 da 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Football Committee |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625051756/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |archive-date=25 June 2011 |access-date=30 July 2007 |website=fifa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:حذف نام علی دایی از کمیته فوتبال فیفا |url=http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411154035/http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=fararu.com |language=fa}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na kwallon kafa na Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Kewell, Hong, Daei among AFC's first Hall of Fame inductees |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901182718/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === An haifi Daei a Ardabil, Daular Iran, ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uddin |first=Rayhan |date=27 June 2021 |title=Ali Daei: The Iranian icon set to be dethroned by Cristiano Ronaldo |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129192138/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=[[Middle East Eye]] |quote=Born to Iranian Azeri parents in the ancient northwestern city of Ardabil, Daei's father did not want him to pursue football until he graduated from high school.}}</ref> Daei ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Aryamehr a Injiniyan kayan aiki (Metallurgical) tare da BSc. digiri. Ya fara aikinsa na wasa yana da shekaru 19 tare da kulob din garinsu Esteghlal Ardabil . Kungiyarsa ta gaba ita ce Taxirani FC a [[Tehran]], inda ya buga wasa na kakar wasa daya, kafin ya shiga wani kulob din da ke Tehran, Bankin Tejarat . Ya yi aiki tare da Bankin Tejarat ya dauki shekaru hudu, inda ya zira kwallaye 49 a wasanni 75.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2012 |title=علی دایی و مرحوم حجازی در تیم بانک تجارت |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024253/https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |archive-date=27 July 2018 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=khabaronline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> === Ƙaura zuwa Turai === Bayan nasarar da ya samu tare da Bank Tejarat FC, a cikin 1994, Daei ya shiga ɗayan manyan kulob din Tehran, Persepolis . Ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 38 na kulob din daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1996, ya koma Al Sadd a kakar 1996-1997 kafin ya shiga kungiyar Bundesliga Arminia Bielefeld a shekarar 1997 tare da abokin wasan Iran Karim Bagheri . Duk da haka a Bayern, ya sami kansa a cikin tsari mai yawa. Wannan, haɗe da jadawalin tawagar Iran, Daei ya sami ɗan gajeren lokaci don yin wasa. Daei bai gamsu da matsayinsa na kulob din ba kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Hertha BSC kafin karshen kwangilarsa ta shekaru uku lokacin da Bayern ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a 1999. Daei ya zama dan wasan Asiya na farko da ya fito a wasan UEFA Champions League . Ya zira kwallaye na farko da na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1999 a wasan rukuni da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], wanda Hertha ta lashe 2-1 . Ya kuma zira kwallaye a 1-1 draw a kan [[AC Milan|A.C. Milan]] a [[San Siro Stadium|San Siro]] . A Hertha ya kasance dan wasa mai tasiri sosai tun lokacin da yake daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara a tawagar, wadanda za su cika burin Hertha na Bundesliga da UEFA Champions League. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] sdtv0ldd2xyvxjf3tdgw7scar6hsxb0 967110 967108 2026-10-13T11:48:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 967110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Daei''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1969) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma manajan Iran wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba.{{Efn|{{langx|fa|علی دایی}}, {{IPA|fa|ʔæliː dɑːjiː|pron|Ali Daei.ogg}}}} Ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar kasar Iran tsakanin 2000 da 2006 kuma ya taka leda a Bundesliga na Arminia Bielefeld, [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] da Hertha Berlin . An dauke shi a matsayin babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na Iran a kowane lokaci da kuma daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwallon kafa daga [[Asiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=The all-time greatest Asian footballers - ranked |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211075953/https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=90min.com}}</ref> Daei ita ce babbar mai zira kwallaye a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya (108). Wani dan wasan gaba mai tsayi, Daei ya kasance mai zira kwallaye, wanda aka sani da daidaito da iyawarsa a cikin iska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2009 |title=The giants of the game |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the-giants-the-game-1002634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509103027/https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the%2Dgiants%2Dthe%2Dgame%2D1002634 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2020 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> Ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye na duniya a duniya tare da kwallaye 108 har sai [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] ya karya rikodin sa a 2021 kuma ya tafi na uku bayan [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] ya sake wucewa a 2024. A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, an nada Daei a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na UNICEF a shekara ta 2001. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Daei ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kwallon Kafa na [[FIFA]] tsakanin 2007 da 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Football Committee |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625051756/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |archive-date=25 June 2011 |access-date=30 July 2007 |website=fifa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:حذف نام علی دایی از کمیته فوتبال فیفا |url=http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411154035/http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=fararu.com |language=fa}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na kwallon kafa na Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Kewell, Hong, Daei among AFC's first Hall of Fame inductees |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901182718/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === An haifi Daei a Ardabil, Daular Iran, ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uddin |first=Rayhan |date=27 June 2021 |title=Ali Daei: The Iranian icon set to be dethroned by Cristiano Ronaldo |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129192138/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=[[Middle East Eye]] |quote=Born to Iranian Azeri parents in the ancient northwestern city of Ardabil, Daei's father did not want him to pursue football until he graduated from high school.}}</ref> Daei ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Aryamehr a Injiniyan kayan aiki (Metallurgical) tare da BSc. digiri. Ya fara aikinsa na wasa yana da shekaru 19 tare da kulob din garinsu Esteghlal Ardabil . Kungiyarsa ta gaba ita ce Taxirani FC a [[Tehran]], inda ya buga wasa na kakar wasa daya, kafin ya shiga wani kulob din da ke Tehran, Bankin Tejarat . Ya yi aiki tare da Bankin Tejarat ya dauki shekaru hudu, inda ya zira kwallaye 49 a wasanni 75.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2012 |title=علی دایی و مرحوم حجازی در تیم بانک تجارت |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024253/https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |archive-date=27 July 2018 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=khabaronline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> === Ƙaura zuwa Turai === Bayan nasarar da ya samu tare da Bank Tejarat FC, a cikin 1994, Daei ya shiga ɗayan manyan kulob din Tehran, Persepolis . Ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 38 na kulob din daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1996, ya koma Al Sadd a kakar 1996-1997 kafin ya shiga kungiyar Bundesliga Arminia Bielefeld a shekarar 1997 tare da abokin wasan Iran Karim Bagheri . Duk da haka a Bayern, ya sami kansa a cikin tsari mai yawa. Wannan, haɗe da jadawalin tawagar Iran, Daei ya sami ɗan gajeren lokaci don yin wasa. Daei bai gamsu da matsayinsa na kulob din ba kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Hertha BSC kafin karshen kwangilarsa ta shekaru uku lokacin da Bayern ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a 1999. Daei ya zama dan wasan Asiya na farko da ya fito a wasan UEFA Champions League . Ya zira kwallaye na farko da na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1999 a wasan rukuni da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], wanda Hertha ta lashe 2-1 . Ya kuma zira kwallaye a 1-1 draw a kan [[AC Milan|A.C. Milan]] a [[San Siro Stadium|San Siro]] . A Hertha ya kasance dan wasa mai tasiri sosai tun lokacin da yake daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara a tawagar, wadanda za su cika burin Hertha na Bundesliga da UEFA Champions League. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] is8nuxmpec3cmlw9jhy02okcj37l2fz 967111 967110 2026-10-13T11:48:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 967111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ali Daei''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1969) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma manajan Iran wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba. Ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar kasar Iran tsakanin 2000 da 2006 kuma ya taka leda a Bundesliga na Arminia Bielefeld, [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] da Hertha Berlin . An dauke shi a matsayin babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na Iran a kowane lokaci da kuma daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwallon kafa daga [[Asiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=The all-time greatest Asian footballers - ranked |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211075953/https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=90min.com}}</ref> Daei ita ce babbar mai zira kwallaye a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya (108). Wani dan wasan gaba mai tsayi, Daei ya kasance mai zira kwallaye, wanda aka sani da daidaito da iyawarsa a cikin iska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2009 |title=The giants of the game |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the-giants-the-game-1002634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509103027/https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the%2Dgiants%2Dthe%2Dgame%2D1002634 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2020 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> Ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye na duniya a duniya tare da kwallaye 108 har sai [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] ya karya rikodin sa a 2021 kuma ya tafi na uku bayan [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] ya sake wucewa a 2024. A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, an nada Daei a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na UNICEF a shekara ta 2001. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Daei ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kwallon Kafa na [[FIFA]] tsakanin 2007 da 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Football Committee |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625051756/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |archive-date=25 June 2011 |access-date=30 July 2007 |website=fifa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:حذف نام علی دایی از کمیته فوتبال فیفا |url=http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411154035/http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=fararu.com |language=fa}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na kwallon kafa na Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Kewell, Hong, Daei among AFC's first Hall of Fame inductees |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901182718/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === An haifi Daei a Ardabil, Daular Iran, ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uddin |first=Rayhan |date=27 June 2021 |title=Ali Daei: The Iranian icon set to be dethroned by Cristiano Ronaldo |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129192138/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=[[Middle East Eye]] |quote=Born to Iranian Azeri parents in the ancient northwestern city of Ardabil, Daei's father did not want him to pursue football until he graduated from high school.}}</ref> Daei ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Aryamehr a Injiniyan kayan aiki (Metallurgical) tare da BSc. digiri. Ya fara aikinsa na wasa yana da shekaru 19 tare da kulob din garinsu Esteghlal Ardabil . Kungiyarsa ta gaba ita ce Taxirani FC a [[Tehran]], inda ya buga wasa na kakar wasa daya, kafin ya shiga wani kulob din da ke Tehran, Bankin Tejarat . Ya yi aiki tare da Bankin Tejarat ya dauki shekaru hudu, inda ya zira kwallaye 49 a wasanni 75.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2012 |title=علی دایی و مرحوم حجازی در تیم بانک تجارت |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024253/https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |archive-date=27 July 2018 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=khabaronline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> === Ƙaura zuwa Turai === Bayan nasarar da ya samu tare da Bank Tejarat FC, a cikin 1994, Daei ya shiga ɗayan manyan kulob din Tehran, Persepolis . Ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 38 na kulob din daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1996, ya koma Al Sadd a kakar 1996-1997 kafin ya shiga kungiyar Bundesliga Arminia Bielefeld a shekarar 1997 tare da abokin wasan Iran Karim Bagheri . Duk da haka a Bayern, ya sami kansa a cikin tsari mai yawa. Wannan, haɗe da jadawalin tawagar Iran, Daei ya sami ɗan gajeren lokaci don yin wasa. Daei bai gamsu da matsayinsa na kulob din ba kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Hertha BSC kafin karshen kwangilarsa ta shekaru uku lokacin da Bayern ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a 1999. Daei ya zama dan wasan Asiya na farko da ya fito a wasan UEFA Champions League . Ya zira kwallaye na farko da na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1999 a wasan rukuni da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], wanda Hertha ta lashe 2-1 . Ya kuma zira kwallaye a 1-1 draw a kan [[AC Milan|A.C. Milan]] a [[San Siro Stadium|San Siro]] . A Hertha ya kasance dan wasa mai tasiri sosai tun lokacin da yake daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara a tawagar, wadanda za su cika burin Hertha na Bundesliga da UEFA Champions League. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] odlnn842a2omzqsc4h5lv6uuowcd5kp 967112 967111 2026-10-13T11:49:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 967112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ali Daei''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1969) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma manajan Iran wanda ya taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaba. Ya kasance kyaftin din tawagar kasar Iran tsakanin 2000 da 2006 kuma ya taka leda a Bundesliga na Arminia Bielefeld, [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] da Hertha Berlin . An dauke shi a matsayin babban dan wasan kwallon kafa na Iran a kowane lokaci da kuma daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwallon kafa daga [[Asiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=The all-time greatest Asian footballers - ranked |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211075953/https://www.90min.com/posts/the-greatest-asian-footballers-of-all-time-ranked |archive-date=11 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=90min.com}}</ref> Daei ita ce babbar mai zira kwallaye a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya (108). Wani dan wasan gaba mai tsayi, Daei ya kasance mai zira kwallaye, wanda aka sani da daidaito da iyawarsa a cikin iska.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2009 |title=The giants of the game |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the-giants-the-game-1002634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509103027/https://www.fifa.com/womensyoutholympic/news/the%2Dgiants%2Dthe%2Dgame%2D1002634 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2020 |publisher=FIFA.com}}</ref> Ya kasance babban mai zira kwallaye na duniya a duniya tare da kwallaye 108 har sai [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] ya karya rikodin sa a 2021 kuma ya tafi na uku bayan [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] ya sake wucewa a 2024. A lokacin aikinsa na wasa, an nada Daei a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill na UNICEF a shekara ta 2001. Bayan ya yi ritaya, Daei ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kwallon Kafa na [[FIFA]] tsakanin 2007 da 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Football Committee |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625051756/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/bodies/standingcommittees/committee=1882038.html |archive-date=25 June 2011 |access-date=30 July 2007 |website=fifa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=fa:حذف نام علی دایی از کمیته فوتبال فیفا |url=http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411154035/http://fararu.com/fa/news/146067 |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=17 June 2013 |publisher=fararu.com |language=fa}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na kwallon kafa na Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Kewell, Hong, Daei among AFC's first Hall of Fame inductees |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901182718/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-asia-halloffame/kewell-hong-daei-among-afcs-first-hall-of-fame-inductees-idINKCN0J50YG20141121 |archive-date=1 September 2021 |access-date=14 December 2020 |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Shekaru na farko === An haifi Daei a Ardabil, Daular Iran, ga dangin Azerbaijan na Iran.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uddin |first=Rayhan |date=27 June 2021 |title=Ali Daei: The Iranian icon set to be dethroned by Cristiano Ronaldo |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129192138/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ali-daei-cristiano-ronaldo-iran-portugal-goalscoring-record-international |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=[[Middle East Eye]] |quote=Born to Iranian Azeri parents in the ancient northwestern city of Ardabil, Daei's father did not want him to pursue football until he graduated from high school.}}</ref> Daei ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Aryamehr a Injiniyan kayan aiki (Metallurgical) tare da BSc. digiri. Ya fara aikinsa na wasa yana da shekaru 19 tare da kulob din garinsu Esteghlal Ardabil . Kungiyarsa ta gaba ita ce Taxirani FC a [[Tehran]], inda ya buga wasa na kakar wasa daya, kafin ya shiga wani kulob din da ke Tehran, Bankin Tejarat . Ya yi aiki tare da Bankin Tejarat ya dauki shekaru hudu, inda ya zira kwallaye 49 a wasanni 75.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2012 |title=علی دایی و مرحوم حجازی در تیم بانک تجارت |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024253/https://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/253509/sport/premiere-league |archive-date=27 July 2018 |access-date=29 July 2018 |website=khabaronline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> === Ƙaura zuwa Turai === Bayan nasarar da ya samu tare da Bank Tejarat FC, a cikin 1994, Daei ya shiga ɗayan manyan kulob din Tehran, Persepolis . Ya zira kwallaye 23 a wasanni 38 na kulob din daga 1994 zuwa 1996. Bayan rawar da ya taka a gasar cin Kofin Asiya a shekarar 1996, ya koma Al Sadd a kakar 1996-1997 kafin ya shiga kungiyar Bundesliga Arminia Bielefeld a shekarar 1997 tare da abokin wasan Iran Karim Bagheri . Duk da haka a Bayern, ya sami kansa a cikin tsari mai yawa. Wannan, haɗe da jadawalin tawagar Iran, Daei ya sami ɗan gajeren lokaci don yin wasa. Daei bai gamsu da matsayinsa na kulob din ba kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Hertha BSC kafin karshen kwangilarsa ta shekaru uku lokacin da Bayern ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a 1999. Daei ya zama dan wasan Asiya na farko da ya fito a wasan UEFA Champions League . Ya zira kwallaye na farko da na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a ranar 21 ga Satumba 1999 a wasan rukuni da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], wanda Hertha ta lashe 2-1 . Ya kuma zira kwallaye a 1-1 draw a kan [[AC Milan|A.C. Milan]] a [[San Siro Stadium|San Siro]] . A Hertha ya kasance dan wasa mai tasiri sosai tun lokacin da yake daya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi nasara a tawagar, wadanda za su cika burin Hertha na Bundesliga da UEFA Champions League. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 19ti0u4ywguvv2q0q2w8rlv7y28gjfb 0 179143 967113 2026-10-13T11:50:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378510111|Zimonić]]" 967113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimonić''' ( Serbian Cyrillic , Hungarian ) [[ƙauye]] ne a [[Serbiya|ƙasar Serbia]] . Tana cikin gundumar Kanjiža, a gundumar North Banat, lardin Vojvodina . Kauyen yana da rinjayen kabilun Hungary kuma yawan jama'arsa ya kai mutane 175 bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022. == Sunan == A baya, an san ƙauyen da ''Vojvoda Zimonić'' ko ''Vojvoda Zimonjić''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Промене код насељених места, општина/градских општина и градова, 2025. |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2026/Html/G20261014.html |url-status=live |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=publikacije.stat.gov.rs}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2002) == * 'Yan Hungary = 185 (54.41%) * Serbs = 152 (44.71%) * Jamusawa = 1 (0.29%) * ba a bayyana ba = 2 (0.59%) == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == * 1961: 587 * 1971: 529 * 1981: 383 * 1991: 282 * 2002: 340 == Dubi kuma == * Jerin wurare a Serbia * Jerin birane, garuruwa da ƙauyuka a Vojvodina == Manazarta == dkr1fim58xnvxxxa1nab2exla1hd05r 967115 967113 2026-10-13T11:50:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 967115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zimonić''' ( Serbian Cyrillic , Hungarian ) [[ƙauye]] ne a [[Serbiya|ƙasar Serbia]] . Tana cikin gundumar Kanjiža, a gundumar North Banat, lardin Vojvodina . Kauyen yana da rinjayen kabilun Hungary kuma yawan jama'arsa ya kai mutane 175 bisa ga ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022. == Sunan == A baya, an san ƙauyen da ''Vojvoda Zimonić'' ko ''Vojvoda Zimonjić''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Промене код насељених места, општина/градских општина и градова, 2025. |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2026/Html/G20261014.html |url-status=live |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=publikacije.stat.gov.rs}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2002) == * 'Yan Hungary = 185 (54.41%) * Serbs = 152 (44.71%) * Jamusawa = 1 (0.29%) * ba a bayyana ba = 2 (0.59%) == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == * 1961: 587 * 1971: 529 * 1981: 383 * 1991: 282 * 2002: 340 == Dubi kuma == * Jerin wurare a Serbia * Jerin birane, garuruwa da ƙauyuka a Vojvodina == Manazarta == lbz7u57dk4zq25m5zrf5cqk71r8fodj 0 179144 967116 2026-10-13T11:52:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343410325|Shelly Beach, Queensland (Sunshine Coast)]]" 967116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shelly Beach''' wani yanki ne na bakin teku na Caloundra a Yankin Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia . A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 925. == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin yana iya ɗaukar sunansa daga rairayin bakin teku da aka sani da Shelly Beach (26°47′47′′S 153°08′54′′E / 26.7964°S 153.1484°E / -26.7964; 153.1487 (Shelly Beach (beach))) tare da bakin tekun yankin.<ref name="MountainRangesBeachesPassages">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Mountain ranges beaches and sea passages – Queensland |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/1db1dfe1-ab2a-4405-9164-0a54c3b31dda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060730/https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/1db1dfe1-ab2a-4405-9164-0a54c3b31dda |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=Queensland Open Data |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == Makarantar Katolika ta Our Lady of the Rosary ta buɗe a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1980 ta Sisters of St Joseph, amma yanzu tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin lay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principal's welcome |url=http://www.olr.qld.edu.au/About%20Us/Pages/principals-welcome.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614084151/http://www.olr.qld.edu.au/About%20Us/Pages/principals-welcome.aspx |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Our Lady of the Rosary School}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2016, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 854. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 925. == Ilimi == Our Lady of the Rosary makarantar firamare ce ta Katolika (Prep-6) don yara maza da mata a 63 Edmund Street (kusurwar Alfred Street, 26°47′50′′S 153°08′37′′E / 26.7972°S 153.1437°E / -26.7972; 153.1427 (Our Lady of the rosary School)).<ref name="SchoolList20182">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2018 |title=State and non-state school details |url=https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121065959/https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Rosary School |url=https://www.olr.qld.edu.au/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218190730/http://olr.qld.edu.au/ |archive-date=18 December 2014 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=www.olr.qld.edu.au}}</ref> A cikin 2017, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 313 tare da malamai 22 (19 cikakke) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 14 (8 cikakke). <ref name="ACARA2017">{{Cite web |title=ACARA School Profile 2017 |url=http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122010027/http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> A cikin 2018, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 334 tare da malamai 23 (20 cikakke) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 15 (10 cikakke). <ref name="ACARA2018">{{Cite web |title=ACARA School Profile 2018 |url=https://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-2018.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827085246/https://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-2018.xlsx |archive-date=27 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022, makarantar tana da dalibai 348 tare da malamai 24 (daidai da cikakken lokaci na 19.1) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 17 (daidaici da cikakken lokaci). <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Annual Report |url=https://www.bne.catholic.edu.au/schools-curriculum/school-reporting/Annual%20Reports/2022/Annual%20Report%202022%20-%20CALOUNDRA%20-%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Rosary%20School.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731035958/https://www.bne.catholic.edu.au/schools-curriculum/school-reporting/Annual%20Reports/2022/Annual%20Report%202022%20-%20CALOUNDRA%20-%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Rosary%20School.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Our Lady of the Rosary Primary School |pages=1, 4}}</ref> Babu makarantun gwamnati a Shelly Beach. Makarantun firamare da sakandare na gwamnati mafi kusa sune Makarantar Jihar Caloundra da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Caloundra, duka biyu a Caloundra CBD zuwa yamma. == Manazarta == 6lz6l29tchqqlefzakorvq3t9lmhvi8 967117 967116 2026-10-13T11:52:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 967117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shelly Beach''' wani yanki ne na bakin teku na Caloundra a Yankin Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia . A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 925. == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin yana iya ɗaukar sunansa daga rairayin bakin teku da aka sani da Shelly Beach (26°47′47′′S 153°08′54′′E / 26.7964°S 153.1484°E / -26.7964; 153.1487 (Shelly Beach (beach))) tare da bakin tekun yankin.<ref name="MountainRangesBeachesPassages">{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Mountain ranges beaches and sea passages – Queensland |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/1db1dfe1-ab2a-4405-9164-0a54c3b31dda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060730/https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/geographic-features-queensland-series/resource/1db1dfe1-ab2a-4405-9164-0a54c3b31dda |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=25 November 2020 |website=Queensland Open Data |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == Makarantar Katolika ta Our Lady of the Rosary ta buɗe a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1980 ta Sisters of St Joseph, amma yanzu tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin lay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principal's welcome |url=http://www.olr.qld.edu.au/About%20Us/Pages/principals-welcome.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614084151/http://www.olr.qld.edu.au/About%20Us/Pages/principals-welcome.aspx |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=Our Lady of the Rosary School}}</ref> == Yawan jama'a == A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2016, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 854. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Shelly Beach tana da yawan mutane 925. == Ilimi == Our Lady of the Rosary makarantar firamare ce ta Katolika (Prep-6) don yara maza da mata a 63 Edmund Street (kusurwar Alfred Street, 26°47′50′′S 153°08′37′′E / 26.7972°S 153.1437°E / -26.7972; 153.1427 (Our Lady of the rosary School)).<ref name="SchoolList20182">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2018 |title=State and non-state school details |url=https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121065959/https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/state-and-non-state-school-details/resource/5b39065c-df32-415c-994c-5ff12f8de997 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=21 November 2018 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Lady of the Rosary School |url=https://www.olr.qld.edu.au/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218190730/http://olr.qld.edu.au/ |archive-date=18 December 2014 |access-date=11 March 2025 |website=www.olr.qld.edu.au}}</ref> A cikin 2017, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 313 tare da malamai 22 (19 cikakke) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 14 (8 cikakke). <ref name="ACARA2017">{{Cite web |title=ACARA School Profile 2017 |url=http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122010027/http://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-20172c7b12404c94637ead88ff00003e0139.xlsx?sfvrsn=0 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> A cikin 2018, makarantar tana da ɗalibai 334 tare da malamai 23 (20 cikakke) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 15 (10 cikakke). <ref name="ACARA2018">{{Cite web |title=ACARA School Profile 2018 |url=https://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-2018.xlsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827085246/https://www.acara.edu.au/docs/default-source/default-document-library/school-profile-2018.xlsx |archive-date=27 August 2020 |access-date=28 January 2020 |publisher=[[Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022, makarantar tana da dalibai 348 tare da malamai 24 (daidai da cikakken lokaci na 19.1) da ma'aikatan da ba malamai ba 17 (daidaici da cikakken lokaci). <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Annual Report |url=https://www.bne.catholic.edu.au/schools-curriculum/school-reporting/Annual%20Reports/2022/Annual%20Report%202022%20-%20CALOUNDRA%20-%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Rosary%20School.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731035958/https://www.bne.catholic.edu.au/schools-curriculum/school-reporting/Annual%20Reports/2022/Annual%20Report%202022%20-%20CALOUNDRA%20-%20Our%20Lady%20of%20the%20Rosary%20School.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=Our Lady of the Rosary Primary School |pages=1, 4}}</ref> Babu makarantun gwamnati a Shelly Beach. Makarantun firamare da sakandare na gwamnati mafi kusa sune Makarantar Jihar Caloundra da Makarantar Sakandare ta Jihar Caloundra, duka biyu a Caloundra CBD zuwa yamma. == Manazarta == 6ai0lw06fntja9tp3r4kar3a1160hot 0 179145 967118 2026-10-13T11:55:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324561382|Teewah Beach]]" 967118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cherry_Venture_Teewah_Beach.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Cherry Venture ya rushe]] '''Teewah Beach''' rairayin bakin teku ne wanda ya kai daga Double Island Point a Cooloola, Yankin Gympie ta hanyar Noosa North Shore a cikin Shire na Noosa zuwa Kogin Noosa a Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] . Yana daga cikin Babban Gidan shakatawa na Sandy . Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya kai daga kimanin 25°56'11"S, 153°11'18"E zuwa 26°22'44"S, 154°04'38"E, nisan kusan kilomita 51. == Amfani da shi a matsayin hanya == Ga yawancin tsawonta hanya ce da aka tsara a karkashin dokokin gwamnatin Queensland. Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi zuwa Rainbow Beach da Fraser Island ga masu sha'awar 4WD da yawa. Har ila yau, wuri ne da ake nema sosai a cikin kansa ga waɗanda ke neman kwarewar sansanin daji a kan rairayin bakin teku. Ana amfani da kudade don sansani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2015 |title=Camping in Cooloola Recreation Area, Great Sandy National Park |url=http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/parks/cooloola/camping.html |access-date=31 October 2015 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> Yankin Noosa North Shore ba a bude shi ga zirga-zirgar motoci ba. Amfani da rairayin bakin teku ta masu sha'awar 4WD lamari ne mai rikitarwa. Yawancin masu kula da muhalli suna ganin motar 4WD a matsayin wani abu a cikin lalacewar tsarin muhalli na rairayin bakin teku. Wasu suna ganin shi ne kawai hanyar da za su fuskanci yankin jeji da kifi mai kyau. Kamar yadda ake amfani da rairayin bakin teku a halin yanzu a lokacin hutu, motocin da ke motsawa da sauri na iya haɗari ga waɗanda ke amfani da raƙuman bakin teku don nishaɗi. Kodayake Gwamnatin Queensland ta gabatar da kudaden shiga motoci don amfani da rairayin bakin teku ta motoci, batutuwan tsaro na hanya sun kasance babbar damuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=Vehicle access permit fees |url=http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/recreation-areas/vehicle_access_permit_fees.html |access-date=31 October 2015 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> == Cherry Venture == Jirgin jigilar kaya na Singapore mai suna Cherry Venture ya fadi a nan a ranar 8 ga Yulin 1973. Lokaci ya kasance yanzu tun lokacin da mutum zai iya ganin fashewar a bakin rairayin bakin teku. An cire tsatsa mai tsatsa a cikin 2007 kamar yadda yake da haɗari sosai ga masu yawon bude ido da yawa waɗanda ke son hawa ta hanyarsa game da duk gargadi. Jirgin ƙarfe mara ƙarfe yana zaune a Rainbow Beach a matsayin abin tunawa. == Teewah Launi Sands == Teewah Coloured Sands wani tsaunuka ne na yashi tare da Teewah Beach a cikin Noosa North Shore (26°16′00′′S 153°04′00′′E / 26.26667°S 153.06667°E / -26.26667; 153.0 6667 (Teewah Coloured sands)). Duwatsun suna da tsayi har zuwa mita 200 kuma yashi yana cikin launuka daban-daban, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar haɗuwa ta halitta na baƙin ƙarfe da kayan lambu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coloured Sands - Rainbow Beach Commerce and Tourism Association |url=http://www.ourrainbowbeach.com.au/our-rainbow-beach/rainbow-beach/coloured-sands.html |access-date=2015-10-31 |website=www.ourrainbowbeach.com.au}}</ref> == Manazarta == fjna3ctrcnlc21wh81819f64arrwz4a 967119 967118 2026-10-13T11:56:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 967119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Cherry_Venture_Teewah_Beach.jpg|right|thumb|Jirgin Cherry Venture ya rushe]] '''Teewah Beach''' rairayin bakin teku ne wanda ya kai daga Double Island Point a Cooloola, Yankin Gympie ta hanyar Noosa North Shore a cikin Shire na Noosa zuwa Kogin Noosa a Queensland, [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] . Yana daga cikin Babban Gidan shakatawa na Sandy . Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya kai daga kimanin 25°56'11"S, 153°11'18"E zuwa 26°22'44"S, 154°04'38"E, nisan kusan kilomita 51. == Amfani da shi a matsayin hanya == Ga yawancin tsawonta hanya ce da aka tsara a karkashin dokokin gwamnatin Queensland. Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi zuwa Rainbow Beach da Fraser Island ga masu sha'awar 4WD da yawa. Har ila yau, wuri ne da ake nema sosai a cikin kansa ga waɗanda ke neman kwarewar sansanin daji a kan rairayin bakin teku. Ana amfani da kudade don sansani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2015 |title=Camping in Cooloola Recreation Area, Great Sandy National Park |url=http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/parks/cooloola/camping.html |access-date=31 October 2015 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> Yankin Noosa North Shore ba a bude shi ga zirga-zirgar motoci ba. Amfani da rairayin bakin teku ta masu sha'awar 4WD lamari ne mai rikitarwa. Yawancin masu kula da muhalli suna ganin motar 4WD a matsayin wani abu a cikin lalacewar tsarin muhalli na rairayin bakin teku. Wasu suna ganin shi ne kawai hanyar da za su fuskanci yankin jeji da kifi mai kyau. Kamar yadda ake amfani da rairayin bakin teku a halin yanzu a lokacin hutu, motocin da ke motsawa da sauri na iya haɗari ga waɗanda ke amfani da raƙuman bakin teku don nishaɗi. Kodayake Gwamnatin Queensland ta gabatar da kudaden shiga motoci don amfani da rairayin bakin teku ta motoci, batutuwan tsaro na hanya sun kasance babbar damuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2015 |title=Vehicle access permit fees |url=http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/recreation-areas/vehicle_access_permit_fees.html |access-date=31 October 2015 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> == Cherry Venture == Jirgin jigilar kaya na Singapore mai suna Cherry Venture ya fadi a nan a ranar 8 ga Yulin 1973. Lokaci ya kasance yanzu tun lokacin da mutum zai iya ganin fashewar a bakin rairayin bakin teku. An cire tsatsa mai tsatsa a cikin 2007 kamar yadda yake da haɗari sosai ga masu yawon bude ido da yawa waɗanda ke son hawa ta hanyarsa game da duk gargadi. Jirgin ƙarfe mara ƙarfe yana zaune a Rainbow Beach a matsayin abin tunawa. == Teewah Launi Sands == Teewah Coloured Sands wani tsaunuka ne na yashi tare da Teewah Beach a cikin Noosa North Shore (26°16′00′′S 153°04′00′′E / 26.26667°S 153.06667°E / -26.26667; 153.0 6667 (Teewah Coloured sands)). Duwatsun suna da tsayi har zuwa mita 200 kuma yashi yana cikin launuka daban-daban, wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar haɗuwa ta halitta na baƙin ƙarfe da kayan lambu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coloured Sands - Rainbow Beach Commerce and Tourism Association |url=http://www.ourrainbowbeach.com.au/our-rainbow-beach/rainbow-beach/coloured-sands.html |access-date=2015-10-31 |website=www.ourrainbowbeach.com.au}}</ref> == Manazarta == q5d67g8k53neyuavgw1t5u3n3e4x5nt 0 179146 967121 2026-10-13T11:57:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377797043|Khmer language]]" 967121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khmer''' ( / kə ˈ mər / kə-MAIR ; {{Lang|km|ខ្មែរ}}, UNGEGN : {{Transl|km|Khmêr}} {{IPA|km|kʰmae|}} ) harshe ne na Austroasiatic wanda mutanen Khmer ke magana da shi a asali kuma harshe ne na hukuma da kuma harshen ƙasa na Cambodia . Mutanen Khmer kuma suna jin yaren sosai a Gabashin Thailand da Isan, [[Tailan|Thailand]], da kuma yankunan Kudu maso Gabas da Mekong na [[Vietnam]] . An yi wa Khmer tasiri sosai a [[Sanskrit]] da Pali musamman a cikin rajistar sarauta da addini, ta hanyar Hindu da Buddha, saboda Tsohon Khmer shine harshen daular tarihi ta Chenla da Angkor . Yawancin masu magana da harshen Khmer suna magana da harshen ''Central Khmer'', yaren tsakiyar yankin inda Khmer ya fi yawa. A cikin Cambodia, ana samun lafazin yanki a wurare masu nisa amma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin nau'ikan Khmer na Tsakiya. Banda biyu akwai yaren babban birnin [[Phnom Penh]], da kuma na Khmer Khe a lardin Stung Treng, waɗanda duka sun bambanta sosai da na Tsakiyar Khmer don a ɗauke su daban-daban na Khmer. A wajen Cambodia, 'yan kabilar Khmer suna magana da yaruka guda uku daban-daban waɗanda suka fito daga yankunan da suka kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Khmer a tarihi. 'Yan Khmer sama da miliyan ɗaya ne ke magana da yaren Arewacin Khmer a yankunan kudancin Arewa maso Gabashin Thailand kuma wasu masana harshe suna ɗaukar su a matsayin yare daban. Khmer Krom, ko Southern Khmer, shine yaren farko na Khmer na Vietnam, yayin da Khmer da ke zaune a tsaunukan Cardamom masu nisa suna magana da yare mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda har yanzu yana nuna fasalin yaren Tsakiyar Khmer . Harshen Khmer galibi harshe ne mai nazari, mai ware harshe . Babu wani juyi, haɗuwa ko ƙarshen harafi . Madadin haka, ana amfani da barbashi da kalmomi masu taimako don nuna alaƙar nahawu. Tsarin kalmomi gabaɗaya shine batun-fi'ili-abu, kuma masu gyara suna bin kalmar da suke gyarawa. Masu rarraba suna bayyana bayan lambobi lokacin da ake amfani da su don ƙirga sunaye, kodayake ba koyaushe suke daidai da harsuna kamar [[Sinanci|Sinanci ba]] . A cikin Khmer da ake magana da shi, tsarin sharhin batu abu ne gama gari, kuma dangantakar zamantakewa da aka fahimta tsakanin mahalarta tana tantance waɗanne ƙamus, kamar karin magana da girmamawa, suka dace. Khmer ya bambanta da harsunan makwabta kamar Burmese, [[Yaren Thai|Thai]], [[Harshen Lao|Lao]], da Vietnamese saboda ba harshe ne mai sautin magana ba. Ana jaddada kalmomi a kan harafin ƙarshe, don haka kalmomi da yawa sun dace da tsarin Mon-Khmer na harafin da aka damu da ƙaramin harafi kafin. An rubuta harshen a cikin rubutun Khmer, abugida ya fito daga rubutun Brahmi ta hanyar rubutun Pallava na kudancin Indiya, tun aƙalla ƙarni na 7. Siffa da amfani da rubutun ya ci gaba a cikin ƙarni; fasalulluka na zamani sun haɗa da sigar baƙaƙen da aka yi amfani da su don rubuta gungu da kuma rarraba baƙaƙen zuwa jeri biyu tare da wasulan da ke ciki daban-daban. == Rarrabawa == Khmer memba ne na dangin harshen Austroasiatic, dangin autochthonous a yankin da ya miƙe daga yankin Malay zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya zuwa Gabashin Indiya. An yi nazarin Austroasiatic, wanda ya haɗa da Mon, Vietnamese da Munda, tun daga 1856 kuma an fara gabatar da shi a matsayin iyali na harshe a 1907. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=David |year=1964 |title=A survey of Austroasiatic and Mon-Khmer comparative studies |url=http://www.mksjournal.org/ |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=1 |pages=149–163 |access-date=19 June 2012}}</ref> Duk da yawan bincike, har yanzu akwai shakku game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin harsunan Austroasiatic. Diffloth ya sanya Khmer a cikin reshen gabashin harsunan Mon-Khmer . A cikin waɗannan tsare-tsaren rarrabuwa, dangin kwayoyin halittar Khmer mafi kusanci sune harsunan Bahnaric da Pearic . Rarrabawa na baya-bayan nan suna shakkar ingancin rukunin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Mon-Khmer kuma suna sanya harshen Khmer a matsayin reshensa na Austroasiatic mai nisan da ya dace da sauran rassan iyali 12. == Yaɗuwar ƙasa da yaruka == Mutane 13 ne ke yaren Khmer&nbsp;mutane miliyan a Cambodia, inda ita ce harshen hukuma. Haka kuma harshe ne na biyu ga yawancin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da ƙabilun tsaunuka na asali a can. Bugu da ƙari, akwai masu magana da Khmer miliyan ɗaya 'yan asalin kudancin [[Vietnam]] (ƙidayar 1999) <ref>{{Ethnologue18|khm|Central Khmer}}</ref> da 1.4&nbsp;miliyan a arewa maso gabashin [[Tailan|Thailand]] (2006). <ref>{{Ethnologue18|kxm|Northern Khmer}}</ref> Yaren Khmer, kodayake ana iya fahimtar juna, wani lokacin ana samun bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin masu magana daga [[Phnom Penh]] (babban birnin Cambodia), yankin karkara na Battambang, yankunan Arewa maso Gabashin Thailand da ke kusa da Cambodia kamar lardin Surin, tsaunukan Cardamom, da kudancin Vietnam. <ref name="SIDWELL">{{Cite web |last=Sidwell |first=Paul |date=2006 |title=Khmer/Cambodian |url=http://people.anu.edu.au/~u9907217/languages/Khmer-Cambodian.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119044006/http://people.anu.edu.au/~u9907217/languages/Khmer-Cambodian.html |archive-date=2011-01-19 |access-date=6 February 2016 |website=Mon-Khmer.com |publisher=Australian National University |format=lecture}}</ref> <ref name="JoP">{{Cite journal |last=Wayland |first=Ratree |last2=Jongman |first2=Allard |date=2003 |title=Acoustic correlates of breathy and clear vowels: the case of Khmer |url=https://kuppl.ku.edu/sites/kuppl.drupal.ku.edu/files/images/general/jongman/Wayland%20%26%20Jongman%2003.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Phonetics |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=181–201 |doi=10.1016/s0095-4470(02)00086-4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://kuppl.ku.edu/sites/kuppl.drupal.ku.edu/files/images/general/jongman/Wayland%20%26%20Jongman%2003.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> Yaren suna samar da ci gaba wanda ke gudana kusan arewa zuwa kudu. Khmer na Cambodia na yau da kullun yana da fahimta da sauran amma mai magana da Khmer Krom daga Vietnam, misali, yana iya samun matsala sosai wajen sadarwa da ɗan Khmer ɗan asalin lardin Sisaket a Thailand. Ga tsarin rarrabuwa mai zuwa wanda ke nuna ci gaban yarukan Khmer na zamani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ferlus |first=Michel |year=1992 |title=Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle) |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00927221v2/document |journal=[[Mon-Khmer Studies]] |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=7–28}}</ref> == Zamanin tarihi == [[Fayil:AncientKhmerScript.jpg|thumb|An sassaka dutse a Tsohon Khmer]] Nazarin harsuna na harshen Khmer ya raba tarihinsa zuwa lokaci uku, ɗaya daga cikinsu, zamanin Tsohon Khmer, an raba shi zuwa zamanin Kafin Angkorian da Angkorian. Khmer na Kafin Angkorian shine tsohon harshen Khmer daga 600 zuwa 800&nbsp;CE. Harshen Angkorian Khmer shine harshen da ake magana da shi a Daular Khmer tun daga ƙarni na 9 har zuwa ƙarni na 13. <ref name="Jacobs">{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Judith |date=1993 |title=The deliberate use of foreign vocabulary by the Khmer: changing fashions, methods, and sources |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/jacob1993deliberate.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630054754/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/jacob1993deliberate.pdf |archive-date=Jun 30, 2023 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Karni masu zuwa sun ga canje-canje a [[Morphology|fannin siffa]], [[Phonology|tsarin sauti]] da ƙamus . Harshen wannan lokacin sauyi, daga kusan ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 18, ana kiransa da Middle Khmer kuma an aro shi daga Thai a cikin littafin adabi. <ref name="Jacobs" /> Khmer na zamani an samo shi ne daga ƙarni na 19 zuwa yau. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna matakan tarihi na Khmer da aka amince da su a al'ada. [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jz4kz9m3tbl5i9tmuf6q0om3nbwbt01